Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Chile – Race relations »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Chile – Race relations"
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Crow, Joanna. « Photographic Encounters : Martín Chambi, Indigeneity and Chile–Peru Relations in the Early Twentieth Century ». Journal of Latin American Studies 51, no 1 (27 juillet 2018) : 31–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x18000342.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractIn 1936, the indigenous Peruvian photographer Martín Chambi travelled to and exhibited his work in Chile. Using a transnational framework of historical analysis, this article explores the multiple meanings of his visit. In particular it underscores the involvement of the Chilean and Peruvian governments in this cultural encounter, and highlights some of the commonalities and connections, as well as differences, between the discourses of race that were circulating in Chile and Peru at the time. This is important because it undermines the dominant historical narratives, which have tended to present Chile as a country that – in contrast to Peru – failed to engage in discussions about the so-called ‘indigenous question’, and which have interpreted relations between Chile and Peru almost exclusively as antagonistic and hostile.
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Williams, John Hoyt. « Observations on Blacks and Bondage in Uruguay, 1800-1836 ». Americas 43, no 4 (avril 1987) : 411–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1007186.
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In the last ten years there has been a great deal of interest in the scholarship devoted to the related issues of slavery and race relations in Latin America. This writer has himself published works which shed some light on the Black “experience” in isolated, interior Paraguay in the nineteenth century. The ongoing task to more fully understand the different patterns of racial (in all of its aspects) relations in Latin America has been fruitful and has elucidated much of a story, an experience, long hidden. There is, however, much to be done, for the vast bulk of the studies published to date deal with a few, selected countries (or colonies); most notably Brazil and Cuba. Nations such as Chile, Uurguay, Colombia and even Argentina, have received as yet very little attention from the scholars of slavery and race relations.
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KENDALL MOORE, JASON. « Maritime Rivalry, Political Intervention and the Race to Antarctica : US–Chilean Relations, 1939–1949 ». Journal of Latin American Studies 33, no 4 (novembre 2001) : 713–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x01006228.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Throughout the nineteenth century, the United States and Chile competed for dominance in the Pacific, and their maritime rivalry reemerged in the race to Antarctica during the 1940s. The US Navy was able to circumnavigate the white continent, for the first time ever, while Chile's once great navy no longer posed a threat even to its neighbours. The Chilean government expressed concern about the scope of US exploration since the Antarctic always had been an essential component of its maritime policy with national security ramifications. President Gabriel González Videla seized upon Washington's unsuccessful attempts to determine the legal fate of the Antarctic to gain acceptance for a Chilean proposal that avoided the need to renounce sovereignty claims. In doing so, he secured essentially maritime objectives by diplomatic means. This success was more profound than widely appreciated since it came at a time when US intervention in Chile's domestic affairs had reached an unprecedented level.
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CARR, M. K. V. « THE WATER RELATIONS AND IRRIGATION REQUIREMENTS OF AVOCADO (Persea americana Mill.) : A REVIEW ». Experimental Agriculture 49, no 2 (9 janvier 2013) : 256–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479712001317.
Texte intégralRésumé :
SUMMARYThe results of research on the water relations and irrigation need of avocado are collated and reviewed in an attempt to link fundamental studies on crop physiology to irrigation practices. Background information is given on the centre of origin (Mexico and Central America) and the three distinct ecological areas where avocados are grown commercially: (1) Cool, semi-arid climates with winter-dominant rainfall (e.g. Southern California, Chile, Israel); (2) Humid, subtropical climates with summer-dominant rainfall (e.g. eastern Australia, Mexico, South Africa); and (3) Tropical or semi-tropical climates also with summer-dominant rainfall (e.g. Brazil, Florida and Indonesia). Most of the research reported has been done in Australia, California, Israel and South Africa. There are three ecological races that are given varietal status within the species: Persea americana var. drymifolia (Mexican race), P. americana var. guatemalensis (Guatemalan race) and P. americana var. americana (Antillean, West Indian or Lowland race). Interracial crossing has taken place. This paper summarises the effects of water deficits on the development processes of the crop and then reviews plant–water relations, crop water requirements, water productivity and irrigation systems. Shoot growth in mature trees is synchronised into flushes. Flower initiation occurs in the autumn, with flowering in late winter and spring. Flowers form on the ends of the branches. A large heavily flowering tree may have over a million flowers, but only produce 200–300 fruits. Fruit load adjustment occurs by shedding during the first three to four weeks after fruit set and again in early summer. Water deficits during critical stages of fruit ontogeny have been linked to fruit disorders such as ring-neck. Reproductive growth is very resistant to water stress (compared with vegetative growth). Avocado is conventionally considered to be shallow rooted, although roots extend to depths greater than 1.5 m. The majority of feeder roots are found in the top 0.60 m of soil and root extension can continue throughout the year. Leaves develop a waxy cuticle on both surfaces, which is interrupted by stomata on the abaxial surface (350–510 mm−2), many of which are blocked by wax. Stomata are also present on the sepals and petals at low densities (and on young fruit). During flowering, the canopy surface area available for water loss is considerably increased. Stomatal closure is an early indicator of water stress, which together with associated changes in leaf anatomy, restricts CO2 diffusion. There have only been a few attempts to measure the actual water use of avocado trees. In Mediterranean-type climates, peak rates of water use (in summer) appear to be between 3 and 5 mm d−1. For mature trees, the crop coefficient (Kc) is usually within the range 0.4–0.6. The best estimate of water productivity is between 1 and 2 kg fruit m−3. Soil flooding and the resultant reduction in oxygen level can damage roots even in the absence of root rot. Avocado is particularly sensitive to salinity, notably that caused by chloride ions. Rootstocks vary in their sensitivity. Both drip and under-tree microsprinklers have been/are successfully used to irrigate avocado trees. Mulching of young trees is a recommended water conservation measure and has other benefits. A large proportion of the research reviewed has been published in the ‘grey’ literature as conference papers and annual reports. Sometimes, this is at the expense of reporting the science on which the recommendations are based in peer-reviewed papers. The pressures on irrigators to improve water productivity are considered.
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Staab, Silke, et Kristen Hill Maher. « The Dual Discourse About Peruvian Domestic Workers in Santiago de Chile : Class, Race, and a Nationalist Project ». Latin American Politics & ; Society 48, no 1 (2006) : 87–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lap.2006.0014.
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Marić, Ivana, Jonathan A. Mayo, Maurice L. Druzin, Ronald J. Wong, Virginia D. Winn, David K. Stevenson et Gary M. Shaw. « Maternal Height and Risk of Preeclampsia among Race/Ethnic Groups ». American Journal of Perinatology 36, no 08 (5 novembre 2018) : 864–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1675205.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Objective Shorter maternal height has been associated with preeclampsia risk in several populations. It has been less evident whether an independent contribution to the risk exists from maternal height consistently across different races/ethnicities. We investigated associations between maternal height and risk of preeclampsia for different races/ethnicities. Study Design California singleton live births from 2007 to 2011 were analyzed. Logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios for the association between height and preeclampsia after stratification by race/ethnicity. To determine the contribution of height that is as independent of body composition as possible, we performed one analysis adjusted for body mass index (BMI) and the other for weight. Additional analyses were performed stratified by parity, and the presence of preexisting/gestational diabetes and autoimmune conditions. Results Among 2,138,012 deliveries, 3.1% preeclampsia/eclampsia cases were observed. The analysis, adjusted for prepregnancy weight, revealed an inverse relation between maternal height and risk of mild and severe preeclampsia/eclampsia. When the analysis was adjusted for BMI, an inverse relation between maternal height was observed for severe preeclampsia/eclampsia. These associations were observed for each race/ethnicity. Conclusion Using a large and diverse cohort, we demonstrated that shorter height, irrespective of prepregnancy weight or BMI, is associated with an increased risk of severe preeclampsia/eclampsia across different races/ethnicities.
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Hou, Yifei, J. Jill Suitor, Megan Gilligan, Destiny Ogle, Catherine Stepniak et Yufu Jiang. « Costs of Raising Grandchildren on Grandmother-Adult Child Relations in Black and White Families ». Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (1 décembre 2021) : 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.1524.
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Abstract The cost of raising grandchildren on grandmothers’ mental and physical health has been well-documented; however, little is known about whether raising grandchildren also has a cost on grandmothers’ relationships with the adult children whose children the grandmothers have raised. Drawing from theories of exchange and affect, stress process model, and racial differences in intergenerational solidarity, we tested how raising grandchildren affects grandmother-adult child relations. Further, we explored the extent to which these patterns differed by race. To address this question, we used mixed-methods data collected from 553 older mothers regarding their relationships with their 2,016 adult children; approximately 10% of the mothers had raised one or more of their grandchildren “as their own.” Data were provided by the Within-Family Differences Study-I. Multilevel analyses showed that raising grandchildren was associated with greater closeness in grandmother-adult child relationship in Black families; however, in White families, raising grandchildren was associated with greater conflict in the grandmother-adult child relationship. Further, the differences by race in the effects of raising grandchildren on closeness and conflict were statistically significant. Qualitative analyses revealed that race differences in the association between raising grandchildren and relationship quality could be explained by mothers’ reports of greater family solidarity in Black than White families. Our findings highlight the ways in which race and family solidarity interact to produce differences in the impact of raising grandchildren on Black and White mothers’ assessment of the quality of their relationships with their adult children, consistent with broader patterns of racial differences in intergenerational cohesion.
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Duesterberg, Luann M. « Theorizing Race in the Context of Learning to Teach ». Teachers College Record : The Voice of Scholarship in Education 100, no 4 (janvier 1999) : 751–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146819910000403.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Given the context of schools and society, in which the meanings of race so deeply impact social arrangements and social interactions, it is imperative for preservice teachers and teacher educators to engage in efforts to theorize race and understand how constructions of race affect our actions and decisions. Requiring that student teachers be committed to teaching every child in their classrooms demands that preservice teachers think through how they understand themselves and others through race in a society in which race is both the vehicle through which oppression is accomplished and the vehicle through which groups rally to combat that oppression. Thinking through race is complicated by the various theoretical conceptions of race that have grounded race relations in this country for the last 300 years. Arguing that race is neither purely ideological nor purely essential but grounded in sociohistorical ideologies and performances, this author uses this conceptualization of race both to interpret the practices of student teachers and to ground her own practice as a teacher educator.
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Fix, Rebecca L., Janice E. Clifford et Barry R. Burkhart. « Parent–Child Relations and Delinquency Among African American and European American Juvenile Offenders : An Expanded Examination of Self-Control Theory ». Race and Justice 11, no 1 (17 mai 2018) : 28–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2153368718776052.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Gottfredson and Hirschi’s general theory of crime indicates that low levels of self-control leads to subsequent delinquency. Multiple studies suggest an indirect effect of parent and family factors on delinquency through self-control. Furthermore, evidence exists that race/ethnicity may affect the mediated relationship between parenting and delinquency. The present study collected information on demographics, parent–child attachment, self-control, and delinquency from 350 confined male adolescents. Models were run to test whether self-control mediated the relationship between total parent–child attachment and facets of parent–child attachment on delinquency. Results indicated self-control mediated the relationship between parent attachment and delinquent behavior. Follow-up models indicated uniquely influential pathways to delinquency depending on aspects of parent-child attachment and the race/ethnicity of the participant. Select aspects of parent–child attachment were more meaningfully predictive of self-control and delinquency among African American youth compared with European American youth. Furthermore, while models run with European American adolescents support previous theories and study outcomes on the link between self-control and delinquency, self-control levels did not predict delinquency within models rung with African American adolescents, identifying a possible limitation of self-control theory. Implications from the present study are discussed alongside future directions for continuing research on culturally informed models of self-control and delinquency.
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Zheng, Peter, et Melissa Libertus. « The Role of Parental Education, Household Income, and Race on Parents’ Academic Beliefs and the Provision of Home Learning Opportunities for 4- to 8-Year-Old Children ». Journal of Educational and Developmental Psychology 8, no 1 (11 mars 2018) : 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jedp.v8n1p118.
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Previous research has highlighted the importance of parents’ education, household income, and race for children’s academic achievement. In addition, these factors relate to their beliefs about their children’s academic achievement and their provision of opportunities to strengthen learning. However, direct comparisons of the unique roles of parents’ education, household income, and race are rare and the current study seeks to fill this gap. A heterogeneous sample of 398 parents of 4- to 8-year-old children in the US completed a survey assessing beliefs about the importance of math and reading/writing for their child, how frequently they provided learning opportunities in these skill sets at home, and demographic information. We found that parents’ education was significantly related to their beliefs about the school’s importance in teaching their child math, but when splitting our sample by race, this effect was only significant for White non-Hispanic parents. No significant effects were found for parents’ education on their beliefs about the importance of the school or home in teaching their child reading/writing. In addition, we found that household income was significantly related to parents’ beliefs about the school’s but not the home’s importance in teaching their child math. Finally, household income was found to be significantly related to parents’ beliefs about the home’s but not the school’s importance in teaching their child reading/writing, but this effect was only significant for African American parents. These results suggest that parents’ education and income play different roles in determining parents’ beliefs about the importance of the school or the home in teaching math and reading/writing to their child and these relations were modulated by race.
Thèses sur le sujet "Chile – Race relations"
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Gurbin, Jennifer. « (Mis)placing race : Deconstructing myth in televised advertisements for three child sponsorship organizations ». Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27766.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Direct Response Television (DRTV) programming for child sponsorship is an extremely effective form of fundraising in Canada. However, it also proves to be one way in which racialized knowledge is being reproduced. This project deconstructs the DRTV for three child-sponsorship NGOs: World Vision Canada, Plan Canada, and Christian Children's Fund. What the analysis reveals is a type of advertising dependent on antiquated dynamics of colonial dominance between Canada and Africa. This project also explores the reasons for its success despite Canada's anti-racist rhetoric. Drawing from the works of Roland Barthes, Pierre Bourdieu, Fances Henry and Carol Tator, and others, this study draws conclusions about the cultural identity of the Canadian mainstream, and proposes critical consumption and the questioning of sociocultural norms as a way forward.
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Walker, Shayne W., et n/a. « The Maatua Whangai Programme O Otepoti from a caregiver perspective ». University of Otago. Department of Social Work and Community Development, 2001. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070508.150948.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This research critically engages with the history and practice of Maatua Whangai within Aotearoa/New Zealand. Specifically it focusses on Maatua Whangai O Otepoti, examining the discourses of care-givers within this context. Further, this research is constructed within a Maori world view of both traditional fostercare practices and State interpretations of those practices. Case studies of the discourses of caregivers within the Maatua Whangai Programme are described and articulated in terms of kaupapa Maori research methods. The data generated identifies the discourses of the caregivers and their desire to have their voices heard. In contrast, the discourse of the state is examined in the light of reports such as Puao-Te-Ata-Tu (1986), and the work of Bradley (1994) and Ruwhiu (1995). It is argued that any shift in the current dominance of power relationships surrounding the Maatua Whangai Programme and fostercare practices in relation to Maori would entail a strengthening of ties between service providers, Iwi and the Crown. This would go some way towards redressing Crown dominance of Maori fostercare practices.
Keywords: Maatua Whangai, Fostercare, Tamaiti Whangai, Maori, Iwi, Power, Dominance.
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Jones, Flora Mae. « The disproportionate representation of blacks in the child welfare system of the County of Los Angeles and decision-making practices of child welfare workers ». CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2007. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3226.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The focus of this study is the significant and widespread overrepresentation of blacks in the child welfare system. The study specifically addresses the issue in the context of its association with decision-making practice of child welfare workers in the County of Los Angeles.
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Jones, Pamela Janice. « Disproportion of African American children in child welfare system crisis ». CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2007. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3198.
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The purpose of this study was to determine if the use of the Structured Decision-Making (SDM) tool affects the disproportion of African American children accounted for in Riverside County Child Welfare System.
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LeBlanc, Denis 1977. « Working in a post-colonial system : whose voices are being silenced and heard in the narratives of native child welfare workers ? » Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=83165.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The purpose of the present research was to explore the political underpinnings that shape the meaning that native child welfare workers give to their work. This was achieved with the use of a participatory research model that combines group interviews (sharing circle) with ethnography as a means of data analysis. The resulting narratives have suggested that the meaning native child welfare workers attribute to their work emerges from their community and the provincial structures that legislate and define child welfare policies, two sources, composed of various sub-systems, that often share polarized values and ideologies in matters of child welfare. This struggle is further complicated by the cultural relevance of child welfare services in the debate surrounding sovereignty and colonialism. It is suggested that more attention be given to understanding this meaning and how this process must originate from the community if indeed the deriving services are to be both culturally relevant and community based.
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Nascimento, Roseli Machado Lopes do. « Arte-educação nos contextos de periferias urbanas : um desafio social ». Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2010. http://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/3061.
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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:23:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2010-06-08Fundação Ford
In the course of recent decades, the Supplementary Education or Non-Formal Education took important space in NGOs (Non Governental Organization) and in socio-educational works developed directly by the public power, with particular emphasis in the practices of Art-education, including many artistic languages aimed to occupy the opening intercalated public fundamental school activities. Such works happen, mainly, in the outskirts of urban centers, or even in the regions of slums in the center of the town. Most of this area is inhabited by a predominantly black population, migrant or a descendant of Northeast immigrants living in what Souza Martins would call contexts of perverse inclusion . It is in this scenario where Art-education takes place: a complex area of knowledge with many specificities, precisely because of its target audience and the geographical area where it develops. Art-education developed in the outskirt of urban area, what does it want? How does it act concerning issues dealing with perverse inclusion of this population, such as, racism, discrimination and the prejudice found in such places? In which way the art-educator deals with the issues related to cultural universe of this people (religious options, musical tastes and food, values, etc.) ? We´ve found, by observing the everyday spaces, where art-educational activities occur, as well as by the development of courses and workshops we offer about the theme, where a number of questions are involved in this actions and have impact on the performance of professionals in their daily. However, which critical benchmarks guide his action day to day? We must not forget that is in the Art that the human is recognized as a builder of self and that, despite the life and its hardships, the Art teaches to understand and develop alternatives for survival and the transformation of his reality
No decorrer das últimas décadas, a Educação Complementar ou Educação Não Formal assumiu importante espaço nas ONGs (Organizações Não Governamentais) e nos trabalhos sócio-educativos desenvolvidos diretamente pelo poder público, com particular ênfase nas práticas de Arte-educação, englobando inúmeras linguagens artísticas destinadas a ocupar os horários intercalados a atividades da escola pública fundamental. Tais trabalhos acontecem, predominantemente, nas periferias dos centros urbanos, ou ainda nas regiões de cortiços do Centro da cidade. A maior parte dessas áreas é habitada por uma população predominantemente negra, migrante ou descendente de migrantes nordestinos, vivendo naquilo que José de Souza Martins chamaria de contextos de inclusão perversa . É nesse cenário que acontece a Arte-educação: uma área de conhecimento complexa e com muitas especificidades, exatamente por conta de seu público-alvo e do espaço geográfico onde se desenvolve . O que pretende a Arte-educação desenvolvida nas periferias urbanas? Como ela atua no tocante a temas que abordam a inclusão perversa dessas populações, como, por exemplo, o racismo, a discriminação e o preconceito presentes em tais localidades? De que forma o arteeducador lida com as questões referentes ao universo cultural dessas populações (opções religiosas, gostos musicais e alimentares, valores, etc.)? Constatamos, pela observação do cotidiano dos espaços onde ocorrem as atividades arte-educativas, bem como pelo desenvolvimento de cursos e workshops que oferecemos sobre o tema, que inúmeras questões estão imbricadadas nestas ações e marcam a atuação do profissional em seu cotidiano. Entretanto, que referenciais críticos orientam sua atuação no dia a dia? É preciso não esquecer que é na Arte que o humano se reconhece como construtor de si e que, apesar da vida e de suas agruras, a Arte ensina a compreender e a desenvolver alternativas para a vivência e a transformação de sua realidade
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Babidge, Sally. « Family affairs an historical anthropology of state practice and Aboriginal agency in a rural town, North Queensland / ». Click here for electronic access to document : http://eprints.jcu.edu.au/942, 2004. http://eprints.jcu.edu.au/942.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (Ph.D.) - James Cook University, 2004.Thesis submitted by Sally Marie Babidge, BA (Hons) UWA June 2004, for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Anthropology, Archaeology and Sociology, James Cook University. Bibliography: leaves 283-303.
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Cerqueira, Barbosa Valéria. « L'image de l'enfant noir dans la littérature de jeunesse au Brésil : des politiques scolaires aux usages dans les écoles publiques de Salvador de Bahia ». Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB210.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La littérature de jeunesse, l'un des supports les plus utilisés dans le contexte scolaire, est considérée comme un objet culturel de l'enfant. Cette thèse porte plus précisément sur les albums de jeunesse dont le personnage principal est un enfant noir. Ces livres sont envoyés aux écoles publiques brésiliennes par le ministère de l'Éducation en vue de « l'éducation aux relations ethnico-raciales » prévue dans les politiques scolaires promulguées en 2003 et 2004, rendant obligatoire « l'enseignement de l'histoire et de la culture afro-brésilienne et africaine » dans tous les établissements scolaires, ainsi que « l'inclusion de personnages noirs [...] dans les supports d'enseignement » (Brasil, 2005). Si, depuis les années 1950, de nombreux chercheurs brésiliens en sciences de l'éducation et en sociologie ont étudié la représentation de ces personnages, les différentes thématiques auxquelles ils sont actuellement associés et la manière dont les enseignant-e-s font usage de ces ouvrages en classe n'ont en revanche fait l'objet que de bien peu d'investigations. Nous étudierons donc ici l'image de l'enfant noir à travers l'analyse du contenu textuel et iconographique de 80 albums contemporains, mais aussi les usages que les enseignantes de huit écoles publiques de Salvador de Bahia font de ces ouvrages, par le bais de deux méthodologies complémentaires : des entretiens collectifs et des observations directes dans une classe de CE2. Nous nous appuierons tout particulièrement sur le concept de race qui, d'un côté, se trouve au cœur de ces politiques scolaires, de ces ouvrages et de leurs usages auprès des enfants et, de l'autre, constitue un outil d'analyse permettant de rendre compte des rapports sociaux. Ce sera alors l'occasion de mettre en lumière les enjeux et limites de ces politiques scolaires et des usages de ces livres en tant que supports de nouvelles modalités pédagogiques pour l'apprentissage de ladite diversité ethno-raciale à l'écoleChildren's literature, one of the most widely used aids in a school context, is also considered a child's cultural object. This dissertation focuses specifically on children's books in which the main character is a black child. The Brazilian public schools receive this material from the Department of Education in an aim to promote "education in ethnic-racial relationships" which is present in the school policies that were promulgated in 2003 and 2004, and that made mandatory "the teaching of history and of African-Brazilian and African cultures" in every educational institution as well as "the inclusion of black characters [...] in educational aids" (Brazil, 2005). Numerous Brazilian researchers in the fields of education and sociology have, since the 1950's, studied the representation of this character. Nonetheless, the different subjects to which it is today associated, and the way educators make use of these books inside the classroom, remain yet to be researched. We will therefore, study here, the image of the black child through the analysis of textual and iconographic contents of 80 contemporary children's books, but also the usage that educators of eight public schools of Salvador de Bahia make of these books, while using two complementary approaches: collective interviews and direct observation of a CE2 class. We will focus particularly on the concept of race, which on the one hand, is at the heart of these school policies, of these books and of their usage on children. On the other hand, it constitutes a category of analysis, allowing us to report on social relations. Consequently, this will be the opportunity to bring to light the interests and limitations that these school policies and books entail, as a way to support new educational approaches for the learning of the above mentioned ethnic-racial relationships at school
A literatura infantojuvenil, um dos suportes mais utilizados no contexto escolar, é considerada como um objeto cultural da criança. Esta tese se interessa especificamente sobre os livros ilustrados infantojuvenis cuja personagem principal é uma criança negra. Estes livros são enviados para as escolas públicas brasileiras pelo Ministério da Educação a fim de atender a "Educação das Relações Étnico-Raciais" prevista nas políticas educacionais promulgadas em 2003 e 2004, tornando obrigatório "o ensino da história e da cultura afro-brasileira e africana" em todos os estabelecimentos de ensino, assim como "a inclusão de personagens negros [...] nos materiais de ensino" (BRASIL, 2005). Se, desde 1950 alguns pesquisadores brasileiros em educação e em sociologia estudaram a representação desses personagens, as diferentes temáticas pelas quais eles são atualmente associados e a maneira como os professores-as fazem uso desses livros em sala de aula têm, porém, sido pouco investigada. Estudamos aqui a imagem da criança negra através da análise de conteúdo textual e iconográfica de 80 livros contemporâneos, mas também os usos que os professores de oito escolas públicas de Salvador - Bahia fazem desses livros através de duas metodologias complementares: entrevistas coletivas e observações diretas em uma turma do terceiro ano do ensino fundamental. Nos apoiaremos particularmente no conceito de raça que, de um lado, se encontra no interior dessas políticas educacionais, desses livros e nos seus usos com as crianças, e por outro lado, constitui uma categoria de análise permitindo observar as relações sociais. Esta será uma ocasião para destacar as perspectivas e limites dessas políticas educacionais e os usos desses livros como suportes de novas modalidades pedagógicas para a aprendizagem da dita diversidade étnico-racial na escola
La literatura infantil, uno de los recursos más utilizados en el contexto escolar, es considerada como un objeto cultural del niño. Esta tesis se enfoca más precisamente en los álbumes infantiles en los que el personaje principal es un niño negro. El Ministerio de Educación envía estos libros a las escuelas públicas brasileñas con el objetivo de promulgar "la educación para las relaciones étnico-raciales" prevista en las políticas escolares promulgadas en los años 2003 y 2004, haciendo obligatoria "la enseñanza de la historia y de la cultura afro-brasileña y africana" en todos los establecimientos escolares, así como "la inclusión de personajes negros [...] en los recursos de enseñanza" (Brasil, 2005). Si bien, desde los años cincuenta, algunos investigadores brasileños en ciencias de la educación y en sociología han estudiado la representación de este personaje, las diferentes temáticas a las que está actualmente ligado y la manera en que los educadores hacen uso de estos libros dentro de la clase han sido poco investigada. Estudiaremos así la imagen del niño negro a través del análisis del contenido textual e iconográfico de 80 álbumes contemporáneos, así como también los usos que los educadores de ocho escuelas públicas de Salvador de Bahía hacen de estos textos, utilizando dos metodologías complementarias: entrevistas colectivas y observaciones directas dentro de una clase de CE2. Nos apoyaremos particularmente en el concepto de raza la cual, por un lado, se encuentra en el núcleo de estas políticas escolares, de estas obras y de su uso con los niños; y, por otro lado, constituye una categoría de análisis, permitiendo informar sobre las relaciones sociales. De este modo, tendremos la oportunidad de poner de relieve los intereses y las limitaciones de estas políticas escolares, así como de los usos de estos libros, como recursos para nuevas modalidades pedagógicas que facilitan el aprendizaje de dicha diversidad étnico-racial en la escuela
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Boido, Michelle Olimpia. « Interculturalism as a tool for cross-cultural equity : education for indigenous communities in Chile and Argentina ». 2004. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=95263&T=F.
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ZUNIGA, Juan-Pablo. « Espagnols d'outre-mer : Emigration, reproduction sociale et mentalites a Santiago-du-Chili au XVIIe siecle ». Doctoral thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/6028.
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Defence date: 23 January 1995Examining board: Bartolomé Bennassar (Professeur émérite de l'université de Toulouse ; Bernard Vincent, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Paris (co-directeur) ; Kirti Chaudhuri, Institut Universitaire Européen, Florence ; Robert Rowland, Institut Universitaire Européen, Florence (directeur) ; Serge Gruzinski, Centre de recherches sur le Mexique et l'Amérique centrale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
Livres sur le sujet "Chile – Race relations"
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Chile yu Rouran. Guilin Shi : Guangxi shi fan da xue chu ban she, 2006.
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Centre, Human Rights Documentation, dir. Racial discrimination, the record of Chile. St. Lousis, MO : Human Rights Documentation Center, 2001.
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Fagerstrom, René Peri. La raza negra en Chile : Una presencia negada. [Santiago, Chile?] : LOM Ediciones, 1999.
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Seminario Racismo en Chile : la Piel como Marca de la Inmigración (2015 Universidad de Chile). Racismo en Chile : La piel como marca de la inmigración. Sous la direction de Tijoux María Emilia editor. Santiago de Chile : Editorial Universitaria, 2016.
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Lepe-Carrión, Patricio. El contrato colonial de Chile : Ciencia, racismo y nación. Quito, Ecuador : Abya Yala, 2017.
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Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana. Centro de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Integral. La cuestión de la estrategia : Tres casos, Irán, Chile y la Guerra de las Galaxias. Medellín : Centro de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Integral, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, 1990.
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Becoming Mapuche : Person and ritual in indigenous Chile. Urbana, IL : University of Illinois Press, 2011.
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Neoliberal economics, democratic transition, and Mapuche demands for rights in Chile. Gainesville : University Press of Florida, 2006.
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Race and the Chilean miracle : Neoliberalism, democracy, and indigenous rights. Pittsburgh, Pa : University of Pittsburgh Press, 2013.
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Identidades enmascaradas en la Patagonia : Uniones entre nativos y foráneos. Villa Adelina, Buenos Aires, Argentina : Patagonia Sur Libros, 2011.
Trouver le texte intégralChapitres de livres sur le sujet "Chile – Race relations"
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Foster, Sharon L., Charles R. Martinez et Andrea M. Kulberg. « Race, Ethnicity, and Children’s Peer Relations ». Dans Advances in Clinical Child Psychology, 133–72. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0323-7_4.
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Levy, Sheri R., et Dina M. Karafantis. « Lay Theories and Intergroup Relations ». Dans Handbook of Race, Racism, and the Developing Child, 111–31. Hoboken, NJ, USA : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118269930.ch6.
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Moore, Robert. « Child Deprivation : Minorities Ten Years On ». Dans Immigration and Race Relations. I.B. Tauris & Co. Ltd, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9780755624782.ch006.
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Hurtado-Torres, Sebastián. « Eduardo Frei, the U.S. Embassy, and the Election of Salvador Allende ». Dans The Gathering Storm, 165–88. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501747182.003.0009.
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This chapter describes the efforts by the United States and Eduardo Frei to prevent Salvador Allende from attaining the presidency. The Nixon administration, after choosing not to involve itself in the 1970 presidential race to the extent the Johnson administration had in the 1964 election, reacted with great alacrity to Allende's victory in the popular election. Richard Nixon himself instructed CIA director Richard Helms to conduct covert operations in Chile, behind Ambassador Korry's back. In addition, Chilean politicians, particularly Christian Democrats of the Frei line, tried or at least explored ways of averting an Allende victory and sought for that purpose the support of the U.S. embassy in Santiago. Though many of the documents that tell this part of the story have been available to researchers since at least the early 2000s, only one scholarly work has treated these attempts by Chilean politicians, especially Eduardo Frei, in depth. The tendency of scholars of U.S. foreign relations during the Cold War to assume rather uncritically that the only decisions that mattered were taken in Washington has narrowed the perspectives from which the history of Cold War Chilean politics has been studied and interpreted.
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Wittenstrom, Kim, Donald J. Baumann, John D. Fluke, J. Christopher Graham et Joyce James. « The Impact of Drugs, Infants, Single Mothers, and Relatives on Reunification ». Dans Decision-Making and Judgment in Child Welfare and Protection, 194–214. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190059538.003.0009.
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Using a Decision-Making Ecology (DME) approach and proportional hazards models, the study reviewed in this chapter isolated four case factor profiles that interacted strongly with race and resulted in disparate reunification outcomes for African American children compared with Anglos. The four interrelated factors were drug involvement, a solo infant case, single mothers, and relative placements. A cohort of 21,763 children from the Texas Department of Family and Protective Services who were placed for the first time in care, who were under 13, and were either Anglo or African American were followed for 20 months or more post entry into care. Starting with an initial model consisting of main effects only and consistent with other studies, African American children had a 12% lower hazard rate of reunification compared to Anglo children. However, when a set of case profiles involving combinations of single parents, single infants, drug involvements, and kinship placements were crossed with race, the magnitude of the effect of race on hazard rates fanned out from no difference to as much as 68% that of Anglo children. The results show that racial disparities in outcomes resulting from complex, contextual decision-making cannot be modeled well with simple main effects models.
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Winnicott, Donald W. « Instincts and Normal Difficulties ». Dans The Collected Works of D. W. Winnicott, 393–96. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780190271350.003.0079.
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In this broadcast and paper for mothers, Winnicott discusses how ordinary healthy children present all kinds of normal difficulties which are chiefly to do with instincts. In health there are excitements which are derived from impelling physical needs or excitements relating to love. Naturally these needs cannot always be fully satisfied. A mother who sees frustration, anger, or rage in their child knows it does not mean the child is ill. These intense feelings can be painful, and the child may find ways to dampen down his instincts, such as not accepting certain foods. Instincts and excitements of course also arise in relation to excretion and sexual feelings: every possible variation can be found, if one knows enough children. This is not necessarily illness, rather little children discovering all sorts of techniques for managing feelings which are intolerable. Tremendous forces are at work, yet all the mother need to do is to keep the home together, and relief will come through the operation of time.
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Verma, Shruti. « DEATH PENALTY IN RAPE CASES IN INDIA ». Dans A GUIDE RELATING TO LAW ON WOMEN AND CHILD. Noble Science Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52458/9789391842680.nsp2022.eb.asu.ch11.
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Monaghan, Nicola. « 8. Sexual offences ». Dans Criminal Law Directions, 196–234. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780192855374.003.0008.
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Without assuming prior legal knowledge, books in the Directions series introduce and guide readers through key points of law and legal debate. Questions, diagrams, and exercises help readers to engage fully with each subject and check their understanding as they progress. This chapter explores the main sexual offences, including rape, assault by penetration, sexual assault, and intentionally causing a person to engage in sexual activity. It considers the defence of consent in sexual offences and the statutory presumptions relating to consent. Finally, it explores sexual offences committed against children, including rape of a child under 13, assault of a child under 13 by penetration, sexual assault of a child under 13, and causing or inciting a child under 13 to engage in sexual activity.
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Monaghan, Nicola. « 8. Sexual offences ». Dans Criminal Law Directions, 192–230. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198848783.003.0008.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Without assuming prior legal knowledge, books in the Directions series introduce and guide readers through key points of law and legal debate. Questions, diagrams, and exercises help readers to engage fully with each subject and check their understanding as they progress. This chapter explores the main sexual offences, including rape, assault by penetration, sexual assault, and intentionally causing a person to engage in sexual activity. It considers the defence of consent in sexual offences and the statutory presumptions relating to consent. Finally, it explores sexual offences committed against children, including rape of a child under 13, assault of a child under 13 by penetration, sexual assault of a child under 13, and causing or inciting a child under 13 to engage in sexual activity. Sexual offences against children under 16 and other child sexual offences are also briefly mentioned.
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Johnson, Matthew Barry. « Introduction and Overview ». Dans Wrongful Conviction in Sexual Assault, 1–12. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190653057.003.0001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Introduction and Overview provides an overview of the chapters and the approach in examining wrongful conviction in sexual assault. It identifies both rape and wrongful conviction as damaging and traumatic outcomes. Drawing from a public health perspective, it presents a link between rape and wrongful conviction illustrated by disaggregating wrongful conviction in stranger rape, from acquaintance rape, and intrafamilial child sexual assault, thus highlighting the concentration of wrongful convictions among stranger rapes. The Introduction and Overview also discusses the frequency of wrongful conviction and points out the significance of classifying sexual assaults together rather than relying on the prosecution approach of classifying criminal offenses by the highest charge, which obscures the relation of sexual assault to wrongful conviction.
Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Chile – Race relations"
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Hacıoğlu Deniz, Müjgan, et Kutluk Kağan Sümer. « Evaluating the Effects of Health Sector and Health Expenditures on Economic Growth for Turkey between the years 2000-2014 ». Dans International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01749.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This study provides general information about the health economics and the health care expenditures in addition to its relations with economic growth and development. Specifically, this research focuses on the relation between health expenditures such as investments in medical sector, drugs etc. and economic growth in Turkey. Determining the structure of health expenditures and identifying the factors that influence such expenditures; “Child-Infant Mortality Rate”, “Life Expectancy at Birth and “Gross Mortality Rate are vitally important in terms of improvement of health indicators. Gross National Product per Capita and health expenditures per capita were considered as basic economic indicators as well. In this research, Turkey’s Gross National Product per capita in years between 2000–2014 and changes in basic health indicators of Turkey were analyzed and evaluated together. It also examined if a close relation exists between the expenditures for drugs and the total health expenditures within the whole system.
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Soares Bicalho, Thamires, Ana Paula Ferreira, Larissa Azevedo da Hora, Roberta Lastorina Rios, Thaís Aparecida de Castro Palermo et Carolina Magalhães Santos. « Neonatal mortality : the profile of deaths in the state of Rio de Janeiro ». Dans 7th International Congress on Scientific Knowledge. Biológicas & Saúde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25242/8868113820212406.
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Deaths that occur up to 27 days of life are related to maternal and child health. However, the health of the mother-child binomial is built from the beginning of family planning, the responsibility of prenatal care; the technical conduction of childbirth and postpartum with a sensitive observation of the first hours of life. In professional practice, death is classified as earlyand late depending on the postpartum survival time, with Brazilian indicators revealing 53.2% of occurrences related to the first 6 days of life. Given the negative context, this study aimed to reveal the epidemiological profile of neonatal mortality in the state of Rio de Janeiro and relate the causes that may have corroborated the occurrences. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study with cuts between the years 2008 to 2018 (11 years) which, after the data collected from the federal platform TabNet, were distributed in frequency tables for descriptive statistical analysis using the SPSS software version 24.0. From the data collected, it can be stated that the largest proportion of deaths occurred in the early neonatal stage, especially in the city of Rio de Janeiro, which over the years had the highest number of occurrences of all states, but with a pending period of average investigation of the last triennium of 16%. The majority of deaths occurred in the hospital environment, in premature male babies, born by cesarean delivery, low birth weight, of brown race/color with causes of death from conditions originating from the perinatal period such as pneumonia, born to women aged between 20 to 29 years, with study time of 12 years or more. Maternal and child health is a priority within public health policies, however, the population suffers from the reduction or stagnation of investments that optimize the strengthening of the policy by expanding the network of access to consultations, tests, treatment, andmonitoring of puerperal needs. The overload of health professionals working in the unit can also make it difficult to provide care since there is productivity to be achieved, which can interfere with the quality and time of listening and observation of consultations. Given the detailed work, it is concluded that municipal health policies should use their finances to mitigate risk events from prenatal care, turning their eyes to the quality of access to health that it provides in relation to the physical structure, diagnostic equipment, waiting for time and updating of health professionals.
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Peña-Cortés, Fernando, Carlos Bertrán, Jaime Tapia, Enrique Hauenstein, Marcos Cisternas, Gonzalo Rebolledo et Miguel Escalona-Ulloa. « Cambio de uso del suelo : el caso del borde costero de la Araucanía, sur de Chile : evolución y situación actual ». Dans International Conference Virtual City and Territory. Barcelona : Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.7590.
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En esta investigación, se evidencian las implicancias ambientales de los procesos de transformación del paisaje sobre el territorio del borde costero de La Araucanía en Chile, el cual se caracteriza por cinco aspectos: (1) altos niveles de pobreza y de ruralidad, (2) una importante consolidación y expansión de asentamientos agregados, (3) presencia de elementos singulares dados por condiciones naturales (humedales, bosques pantanosos, estuarios), (4) pueblos originarios (mapuche) y (5) procesos de colonización tardía. La investigación muestra inicialmente una revisión exploratoria de los hitos históricos más relevantes que han determinado los procesos de transformación del paisaje.
Luego se evalúa geoespacialmente el cambio de uso del suelo entre los años 1980 y 2004, lo que permite precisar las principales categorías de cambio del uso del suelo y el estado actual del paisaje ecológico. Este análisis se complementó con la revisión de indicadores demográficos y socioeconómicos que permite visualizar los efectos del cambio de uso del suelo en la población.
Los resultados mostraron que la irrupción de la agroganadería hispano-mediterránea y la posterior desforestación por parte de los colonos tuvo graves efectos en el paisaje. Más recientemente, la dinámica de transformación en la matriz agropecuaria dominante hacia la actividad forestal (pasando de 1% en 1980 a 19% en 2004), ocasionó un retroceso de 8.762 ha de la matriz agropecuaria y una disminución general de todas las coberturas naturales.
De este modo, se cuantificó una redistribución de los usos del suelo, aumento de la fragmentación del paisaje y pérdida de conectividad espacial de los sistemas naturales. A su vez, se constató un desplazamiento de la población rural y la consolidación de centros urbanos como Nueva Toltén, Hualpín, Teodoro Schmidt y Saavedra, lo cual se relaciona con la disminución de la natalidad, el incremento de la tasa de envejecimiento y la falta de empleo. Se concluye que la interfaz de relaciones socio-culturales, físico-ambientales y económicas en el área, dan cuenta de la necesidad de nuevos enfoques e instrumentos de planificación que permitan potenciar el desarrollo local. This research makes evident the environmental implications of the process of transforming the landscape in the territory of the coastal strip of La Araucania in Chile, which is characterized by five aspects: (1) high level of poverty and rurality, (2) a major consolidation and expansion of aggregate settlements, (3) the presence of singular elements due to natural conditions (wetlands, swamp forests, estuaries), (4) aboriginal people (mapuche) and, (5) late colonization process. The research shows initially an exploratory revision of the more relevant historical milestones, which have determined the process of transforming the landscape.
Then, the change in land use between 1980 and 2004 it is geospatial rated, which allows to specify the main categories of change in land use and the current status of the ecological landscape. This analysis was complemented with the revision of demographic and socioeconomic indicators which permits to view the effects of the change in land use in the population.
The results showed that the irruption of the spanish agriculture and and the subsequent deforestation by the settlers had severe effects on the landscape. More recently, the dynamics of transformation in the matrix to the dominant agricultural towards forestry (from 1% in 1980 to 19% in 2004), caused a decrease of 8.762 hectares of the agricultural matrix and a general decline of all natural coverage.
Thus, a redistribution of the land use, an increased fragmentation of the landscape and a loss of spatial connectivity of natural systems was quantified. Besides, there was a movement of the rural population and a consolidation of urban centers like Nueva Toltén, Hualpin, Teodoro Schmidt y Saavedra, which it is related to falling of birth rate, increasing of rate of aging and lack of employment. We conclude that the interface of socio-cultural relations, economic and physical environment in the area, reveals the need for new approaches and planning tools for enhancing local development.
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Hřivnová, Michaela, Jitka Slaná, Tereza Sofková, Martina Cichá et Vladislava Marciánová. « The cognitive dimension among university students in the area of sexual and reproductive health with an emphasis on the issue of delayed/late pregnancy and parenthood ». Dans Život ve zdraví 2021. Brno : Masaryk University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0076-2021-3.
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Background: The shift in women’s fertility and birth rate to the higher age is characterized as the most significant feature of reproductive behaviour over the past decades in the Czech Republic (and in other developed countries). The trend of the so-called delayed or late pregnancy/motherhood/parenthood is determined by polyfactorial influences with possible risk impacts on the biomedical and psychosocial aspects of the health of mothers, fathers, children and society as such. In 2020, the following project was implemented: 50/2020/PPZ/OKD In Time – responsible, erudite, planned and prepared parenthood – The shaping and development of health literacy in the area of reproductive health among young adults (university students). The project was supported by the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic and the Faculty of Education, Palacký University Olomouc. The outcomes of the project are of both educational and research nature. Method(s): The Research on the cognitive and affective dimensions of young adults in the area of early pregnancy/parenthood involving a sample of 844 student respondents from 14 universities in the Czech Republic evaluated the level of knowledge of health literacy with an emphasis on the general area of sexual and reproductive health as well as the specific area of possible risks associated with delayed/late pregnancy/parenthood. The research also focused on the personality and attitude dimensions of young adults in the context of delayed and late pregnancy. Results: In a specific area of sexual and reproductive health, the level of knowledge was problematic, sometimes even insufficient. An alarming fact is the complete lack of knowledge concerning the probability of conception during a single ovulation cycle of a young woman (18–30 years). Surprisingly, the correct answer was identified by less than 2% of female university students. The complete set of results of the research is published in the monograph In Time: The cognitive and affective dimensions of young adults in relation to pregnancy and parenthood. Conclusions: The unfavourable level of health literacy concerning early pregnancy/parenthood may have a negative effect on the affective and behavioural dimension of young adults and support the 63 manifestations of possible bio-psycho-social risks and complications resulting from the trends of shifting motherhood/parenthood to higher age bands. It is thus necessary to educate the young generation by means of adequate didactic procedures in order for them to be able to make informed decisions about whether and when to have a child.
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G. Giorges, Aklilu T., et Marc G. Zanghi. « The Flow Dynamics of a Partially Filled Horizontal Helical Screw Reactor (PFHSR) ». Dans ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-66947.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Enclosed helical screw systems are used as screw feeders and conveyers for handling dry bulk solids. The design of such systems is based on the feed load, the properties of the bulk solid and the shape and parameters of the screw features. Similar designs are used as extruders in manufacturing deformable materials with help of pressure and a combination of pressure and temperature. Furthermore, identical arrangements also are used in mixing and transporting viscous fluid. The screw pitch, shape and size are some of the factors that determine the flow dynamics between the center screw (core shaft) and the outer cylinder (barrel), and also are found to determine dry bulk solids transport. The transport processes of helical screw systems for bulk solids, heat exchangers, passive mixers and high viscosity fluids are widely published. However, there are limited studies available that have investigated horizontally placed partially filled screw reactors. In the food processing industry, partially filled horizontal helical screw reactors (PFHSR) are used to transport and mix fluids and slurries and also to chill food products. Thus, understanding the flow dynamics of PFHSRs will lead to the design of effective PFHSR systems as well as open new areas of application. Our main objective is to understand the flow dynamics of a PFHSR system. The test system is a closed end horizontal cylinder with a screw agitator in the middle. The tests are designed to replicate the current industrial process and to investigate the flow dynamics change due to flow path and different screw rotational speeds. Water-based rheoscopic fluid is used to visualize the flow profile, and several replications of the same test were conducted. The PFHSR system length, outside cylinder diameter, screw (auger) pitch and clearance were fixed for all tests. The rotational speed and the flow return path were varied. The flow return path varied by opening and closing the auger’s core. The flow results indicate the annular flow between the auger core and outside cylinder is affected by the rotational speed and the flow return rate related to flow path. The open core region simulates the flow condition where the flow is pumped into and out of the PFHSR system. On the other hand, the closed core region simulates the effect of pressure (slip) flow as well as the implication of slip flow in mixing. The flow process has been studied by observing the flow pattern from different viewpoints. The experimental results are presented by relating the flow field with a Reynolds number (Re) that is defined using the rheoscopic fluid viscosity, the auger rotational speed and diameter. The bulk fluid flow is found to be the result of the moving surfaces and other boundary conditions in addition to the slip-flow through the flight and barrel clearance. Vortices appear at the trailing side of the screw flight and also show a periodic pattern. The flow fields observed from both open and closed core show the flow profile, as well as the flow type significantly affected by the flow path.
Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Chile – Race relations"
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Gamboa-Estrada, Fredy, et Jose Vicente Romero. Common and idiosyncratic movements in Latin-American Exchange Rates. Banco de la República, avril 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1158.
Texte intégralRésumé :
We propose a simple theoretical and empirical approach to differentiate between common and idiosyncratic exchange rate movements in 5 Latin-American economies: Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru. Our approach allows us to distinguish the effects on exchange rates of a regional exchange rate common factor and macroeconomic fundamentals differentials. The methodology and estimation strategy are suitable for both low and high frequency settings. We provide evidence that the regional common factor has a significant effect on the dynamics of the Latin-American exchange rates. In our estimations the relation between exchange rates and the common factor is contemporaneous and stable during the studied period.
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Lopez, David, Mariana Weiss, José Francisco Pessanha, Karla Arias, Livia Gouvea et Michelle Carvalho Metanias Hallack. The Effects of the Energy Transition on Power Sector Employment in Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, février 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004715.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The present study analyzes the relation between energy transition and the job creation potential in Latin America. It capitalizes on companies' characteristics to infer potential hiring process drivers in forthcoming years. The analysis is based on an econometric model on cross-sectional data to explain the dependent variable "potential hiring rate" depending on the firm's size (based on the number of clients), area of activity or technology, employees' level of education, and the existence of labor policies. The data came from 338 companies interviewed, including generation, transmission, distribution, energy transition services, oil and gas, and construction companies in six Latin American Countries (Bolivia, Chile, Costa Rica, Mexico, Panama, and Uruguay). The econometric study focused on 135 companies that declared hiring new employees in the next year concerning the time they were interviewed. The results show that the smaller energy companies with a larger participation of a qualified workforce will tend to have a higher expected hiring rate in the forthcoming year, implying an inverse relationship between a firm's size and potential hiring rate. The model findings convey that as the workforce is compounded with more qualified employees, the higher the expansion of the company's labor force will be, particularly in renewable generation companies. There is an additional aspect worth considering about the factors behind the company's potential hiring rate, and it is the question of job quality. The results suggest that firms hiring more are those with a lower number of policies in place. It can be explained by the fact that more traditional companies tend to have better-established policies, such as hydrocarbon and utilities. These are not the companies with the highest increase in the workforce. This takeaway raises a discussion about whether a change in the job's quality is associated with the energy transition or if it is just associated with new entrants that will become traditional in the following years. Moreover, it also helps to explain some of the political economies of the labor market that may play a role in the energy transition process. Therefore, one of the present study's main takeaways is the need to analyze deeper and promote job quality in smaller energy companies.