Bibliographies thématiques / Chemical or enzymatic modification

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Chemical or enzymatic modification »

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Chemical or enzymatic modification"

Kaiser, E. T., D. S. Lawrence et S. E. Rokita. « The Chemical Modification of Enzymatic Specificity ». Annual Review of Biochemistry 54, n^o 1 (juin 1985) : 565–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.bi.54.070185.003025.

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Delbeke, E. I. P., M. Movsisyan, K. M. Van Geem et C. V. Stevens. « Chemical and enzymatic modification of sophorolipids ». Green Chemistry 18, n^o 1 (2016) : 76–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5gc02187a.

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Cumpstey, Ian. « Chemical Modification of Polysaccharides ». ISRN Organic Chemistry 2013 (10 septembre 2013) : 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/417672.

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This review covers methods for modifying the structures of polysaccharides. The introduction of hydrophobic, acidic, basic, or other functionality into polysaccharide structures can alter the properties of materials based on these substances. The development of chemical methods to achieve this aim is an ongoing area of research that is expected to become more important as the emphasis on using renewable starting materials and sustainable processes increases in the future. The methods covered in this review include ester and ether formation using saccharide oxygen nucleophiles, including enzymatic reactions and aspects of regioselectivity; the introduction of heteroatomic nucleophiles into polysaccharide chains; the oxidation of polysaccharides, including oxidative glycol cleavage, chemical oxidation of primary alcohols to carboxylic acids, and enzymatic oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes; reactions of uronic-acid-based polysaccharides; nucleophilic reactions of the amines of chitosan; and the formation of unsaturated polysaccharide derivatives.

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Choton, Skarma, Julie D. Bandral, Jagmohan Singh, Anju Bhat, Monika Sood, Neeraj Gupta, Monica Reshi et Damanpreet Kaur. « Enzymatic Modification of Starch : A Review ». Saudi Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences 10, n^o 01 (2 janvier 2024) : 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjmps.2024.v10i01.001.

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Starch is the most abundant naturally occurring carbohydrate reserve in plants and is found in cereals, roots, tubers, legumes and some immature fruits like bananas or mangos. Starch is usually employed as a food additive, such as a thickening, stabilizer, or texture enhancer to improve some of the products quality characteristics, pharmaceutical and among other. The application of native starch is often restricted owing to its constricted solubility, weak functional attributes and limited tolerance to a wide array of processing conditions. Its low resistance to shear, high retrogradation, and poor freeze-thaw stability, limit the use of starch in industrial applications. These natural shortcomings can be overcome by different methods of modification. In recent decades, enzymatic modifications have been adopted, partly replacing the chemical and physical methods for the preparation of modified starch, as enzymes are safer and healthier than chemical method for both the environment and food consumers. Several enzymes viz., alfa-amylase, beta-amylase, glucose isomerase, pullulanase, xylanase, among others are use in modification of starch. The enzymatic modification of starch molecules directly affected properties of the modified starch especially in freeze-thaw stability of gels and retardation of retrogradation during storage. Combined enzymatic modification resulted in a marked increase in resistant starch and enzyme modified starch can be well utilized as a fat replacer. It is environment-friendly method and can provide desired functional characteristics.

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Krause, W., E. Ludwig et I. Rademacher. « Enzymatic and chemical modification of animal blood ». Food / Nahrung 30, n^o 3-4 (1986) : 299–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/food.19860300325.

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Bensaad, Dhiya Eddine, Mohammed Saleh, Khalid Ismail, Youngseung Lee et George Ondier. « Chemical Modifications of Starch ; A Prospective for Sweet Potato Starch ». Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences 18, n^o 4 (1 décembre 2022) : 293–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.35516/jjas.v18i4.802.

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The current review presents the potential chemical modifications and applications of sweet potato starch in food and non-food industries. Native starch in general and particularly sweet potato starch characteristics have several functional features and applications in biomedicine as well as in the food industry. Modified starch is expected to enhance such characteristics as discussed in this review. For instance, due to the polymeric and branching nature of starch; the starch is usually less soluble, absorbs less water and oil, and shows a strong ability to bind to iodine. Also, native starches have significantly lower digestibility values under enzymatic treatment. Starch modifications, therefore are designed to enhance one or more of the above-mentioned limitations; thereby, modification of starch can alter the physicochemical characteristics of the native starch to improve its functional characteristic. Starches can be modified using physical methods (annealing, heat moisture treatment, pre-gelatinization, and other non-thermal processes), chemical methods (etherification, acetylation, acid modification, cationic linking, esterification, cross-linking, and oxidation), enzymatic modification methods, genetic alteration process or combination of them.

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Delbeke, E. I. P., M. Movsisyan, K. M. Van Geem et C. V. Stevens. « ChemInform Abstract : Chemical and Enzymatic Modification of Sophorolipids ». ChemInform 47, n^o 8 (février 2016) : no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201608268.

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He, Ruidi, Songnan Li, Gongqi Zhao, Ligong Zhai, Peng Qin et Liping Yang. « Starch Modification with Molecular Transformation, Physicochemical Characteristics, and Industrial Usability : A State-of-the-Art Review ». Polymers 15, n^o 13 (3 juillet 2023) : 2935. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15132935.

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Starch is a readily available and abundant source of biological raw materials and is widely used in the food, medical, and textile industries. However, native starch with insufficient functionality limits its utilization in the above applications; therefore, it is modified through various physical, chemical, enzymatic, genetic and multiple modifications. This review summarized the relationship between structural changes and functional properties of starch subjected to different modified methods, including hydrothermal treatment, microwave, pre-gelatinization, ball milling, ultrasonication, radiation, high hydrostatic pressure, supercritical CO2, oxidation, etherification, esterification, acid hydrolysis, enzymatic modification, genetic modification, and their combined modifications. A better understanding of these features has the potential to lead to starch-based products with targeted structures and optimized properties for specific applications.

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Ba, Jin, Yang Gao, Qing Hua Xu et Meng Hua Qin. « Research Development of Modification of Galactomannan Gums from Plant Resources ». Advanced Materials Research 482-484 (février 2012) : 1628–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.482-484.1628.

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As a group of environmental-friendly chemicals, galactomannan gums acquired from plant resources demonstrates some distinguishing features such as convenient preparation processes, unique physical-chemical characteristics and bio-chemical properties. Moreover, these attributes can be further improved through modification of chemical and bio-chemical approaches. Therefore, they are found more and more applications in many major industries. This paper introduced the research development in the field of galactomannan gums, including their structure analysis and characterization, chemical and enzymatic modification, as well as applications in some industries.

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Amaraweera, Sumedha M., Chamila Gunathilake, Oneesha H. P. Gunawardene, Nimasha M. L. Fernando, Drashana B. Wanninayaka, Rohan S. Dassanayake, Suranga M. Rajapaksha et al. « Development of Starch-Based Materials Using Current Modification Techniques and Their Applications : A Review ». Molecules 26, n^o 22 (15 novembre 2021) : 6880. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26226880.

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Starch is one of the most common biodegradable polymers found in nature, and it is widely utilized in the food and beverage, bioplastic industry, paper industry, textile, and biofuel industries. Starch has received significant attention due to its environmental benignity, easy fabrication, relative abundance, non-toxicity, and biodegradability. However, native starch cannot be directly used due to its poor thermo-mechanical properties and higher water absorptivity. Therefore, native starch needs to be modified before its use. Major starch modification techniques include genetic, enzymatic, physical, and chemical. Among those, chemical modification techniques are widely employed in industries. This review presents comprehensive coverage of chemical starch modification techniques and genetic, enzymatic, and physical methods developed over the past few years. In addition, the current applications of chemically modified starch in the fields of packaging, adhesives, pharmaceuticals, agriculture, superabsorbent and wastewater treatment have also been discussed.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Chemical or enzymatic modification"

Kriek, Marco. « Enzymatic synthesis of complex carbohydrates : approaches to the enzymatic synthesis and chemical modification of oligosaccharides ». Thesis, University of Reading, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342146.

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Canela, Xandri Anna. « Chemical and enzymatic valorization of polyols from biomass ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/386443.

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En les últimes dècades han augmentat els problemes derivats de la sobreproducció i acumulació de residus de la industria, així com els problemes mediambientals i la disminució de fonts de matèries primeres. En aquest sentit, ha incrementant l’interès en reutilitzar-los, per tal de re-valoritzar-los produint productes d’interès, acostant-nos cada cop més al concepte de residu zero. Un dels majors subproductes de la industria agroalimentària és el conegut amb el terme de biomassa. En aquest treball, ens hem centrat en investigar la re-valorització d’una petita part dels poliols presents en la biomassa, entre ells alguns carbohidrats i el glicerol.
En las últimas décadas han aumentado los problemas derivados de la sobreproducción y acumulación de residuos de la industria agroalimentaria, así como los problemas medioambientales y la disminución de fuentes de materias primas. Incrementando así el interés en reutilizarlos, revalorizándolos produciendo productos de interés, acercándonos cada vez más al concepto de residuo cero. Uno de los mayores subproductos de la industria es el conocido con el término de biomasa. En este trabajo, nos hemos centrado en investigar la revalorización de una pequeña parte de los polioles presentes en la biomasa, entre ellos algunos carbohidratos y el glicerol.
In the last decades, problems related with overproduction and industry waste accumulation have increased, causing environmental problems and depletion of raw material sources. Because of that, there has been an increasing interest in the reuse of wastes to prepare valuable products, getting closer to the zero waste concept. Biomass is one of the major agroindustrial by-products. In this work, we were focused on adding-value to a small portion of the polyols present in biomass, including some carbohydrates and glycerol.

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Scholten, Matthew John. « Enzymatic and chemical modification of fatty acid methyl esters : enzymatic catalysis of methyl linoleate using soybean lipoxygenase and chemical catalysis of methyl oleate Using Hypobromination ». Thesis, University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/735.

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Vegetable oils are a cheap and abundant chemical feedstock which can be readily broken down into fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) by transesterification using methanol and a base catalyst. These FAMEs contain reactive unsaturated double bonds which can be targeted for modification. In this study, enzymatic and chemical modifications of the unsaturated double bonds of FAMEs are explored with the goal of producing higher value products. Specifically the enzymatic modification of methyl linoleate using soybean lipoxygenase and the chemical modification of methyl oleate using hypobromantion are studied.

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Gratzer, Paul F. « The effect of chemical modification on the enzymatic degradation of acellular matrix (ACM) processed biomaterials ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0019/NQ45752.pdf.

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Sweeney, Deacon John. « A Computational Tool for Biomolecular Structure Analysis Based On Chemical and Enzymatic Modification of Native Proteins ». Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1316440232.

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Rousseau, Dérick. « Modification of the physical and compositional properties of butter fat-canola oil blends by chemical and enzymatic interesterification ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq24424.pdf.

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Nemoto-Smith, Emi H. « Synthesis of cobalamin analogues using enzymatic and chemical modification methods, and subsequent identification of cobalamin localisation in a variety of organisms ». Thesis, University of Kent, 2017. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/61694/.

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Cobalamin, also known as vitamin B12, is an essential nutrient for many different organisms including mammals, fish, birds, nematodes, and a variety of bacteria. However, cobalamin is only synthesised by a few bacteria and archaea. Organisms that cannot synthesise cobalamin de novo must obtain it from their diet. In humans, the cobalamin uptake mechanism has been studied in detail, but in many organisms, such as Caenorhabditis elegans, no method of transport has been defined, and their need for cobalamin is recognised by a cobalamin deficiency phenotype. Corrin ring modified fluorescent analogues of cobyric acid and ribose conjugated fluorescent analogues of cobalamin were synthesised in order to follow the uptake and localisation of these corrinoids in a variety of organisms. Both the C5 corrin-ring modified and the ribose conjugated analogues were absorbed by Salmonella enterica, using the B12 uptake system (Btu) and could be converted into active coenzyme forms. The imaging of these fluorescent analogues enabled the identification of the coelomocytes in C. elegans as a possible storage cell for cobalamin. However, the C5 cobyric acid analogue was not recognised which suggests that the C. elegans cobalamin transport mechanism is specific for complete corrinoid molecules. Lepidium sativum, garden cress, was shown to take up both cobalamin analogues from the roots and store it in the vacuoles of the cotyledons in seedlings, even though plants have no cobalamin requirement. In contrast, Arabidopsis thaliana did not transport any of the cobalamin analogues. Cobalamin deficiency has been implicated in impeding disease progression in a number of diseases, such as tuberculosis. The Mycobacterium tuberculosis cobalamin uptake protein, BacA, has only recently been identified, and there is still much to learn about the relationship between M. tuberculosis and cobalamin. Incubations of a cobalamin dependent strain of M. tuberculosis, ΔmetE, with a selection of cobalamin biosynthesis intermediates showed that cobyric acid is the earliest intermediate to be taken up and converted into the cofactor form. The C5 corrin ring modified cobyric acid fluorescent analogue is also capable of rescuing this ΔmetE strain, and is taken up faster than the ribose conjugated cobalamin analogue. Overall, the research outlined in this thesis demonstrates that fluorescent corrinoid analogues can be used to follow the journey of cobalamin in a broad range of different organisms and systems.

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Baron, Kim L. « Enzymatic and chemical modifications of erythrocyte surface antigens to identify Plasmodium falciparum merozoite binding sites ». Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/46043.

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Malaria is a disease caused by the protozoan parasite Plasmodium where the species that causes the most severe form of malaria in humans is known as Plasmodium falciparum. At least 40% of the global population is at risk of contracting malaria with 627 000 people dying as a result of this disease in 2012. Approximately 90% of all malaria deaths occur in sub-Saharan Africa, where approximately every 30 seconds a young child dies, making malaria the leading cause of death in children under the age of five years old. The malaria parasite has a complex life cycle utilising both invertebrate and vertebrate hosts across sexual and asexual stages. The erythrocyte invasion stage of the life cycle in the human whereby the invasive merozoite form of the parasite enters the erythrocyte is a central and essential step, and it is during this stage that the clinical symptoms of malaria manifest themselves. Merozoites invade erythrocytes utilising multiple, highly specific receptor-ligand interactions in a series of co-ordinated events. The aim of this study was to better understand the interactions occurring between the merozoite and erythrocyte during invasion by using modern, cutting-edge proteomic techniques. This was done in the hope of laying the foundation for the discovery of new key therapeutic targets for antimalarial drug and vaccine-based strategies, as there is currently no commercially available antimalarial vaccine and no drug to which the parasite has not at least started showing resistance. In this study healthy human erythrocytes were treated separately with different protein-altering enzymes and chemicals being trypsin, the potent oxidant sodium periodate (NaIO4), the amine cross-linker tris(2-chloroethyl)amine hydrochloride (TCEA) and the thiol cross-linker 1,11-bis(maleimido)triethylene glycol (BM(PEG)3). The resulting erythrocyte protein alterations were visualised as protein band differences on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS PAGE), where treated and untreated control erythrocyte ghost protein fingerprints were visually compared to one another. The protein bands showing differences between treated and control samples were in-gel digested using trypsin then sequenced by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and identified using proteomics-based software. In this way, the erythrocyte proteins altered by each enzyme/chemical treatment were identified. Malaria invasion assays were performed where each treatment group of erythrocytes as well as the control erythrocytes were incubated separately with schizont stage malaria parasites for the duration of one complete life cycle. Using fluorescent staining and flow cytometry, the invasion inhibition efficiency for each treatment group was evaluated. By utilising these methods, the identification and the relative importance of the erythrocyte proteins involved in the invasion process were determined. Protein fingerprints of control and treated erythrocyte ghosts were visualised and optimised on SDS PAGE where induced protein band differences were successfully identified by LC-MS/MS. It was found that each treatment altered erythrocyte proteins with changes found in Band 3, actin, phosphoglycerate kinase 1, spectrin alpha, spectrin beta, ankyrin, haemoglobin, Bands 4.1 and 4.2, glycophorin A and stomatin. The invasion assays revealed that TCEA inhibited invasion to the greatest extent as compared to the other treatments, followed by BM(PEG)3 and trypsin. Sodium periodate-treated erythrocytes could not be assessed using the invasion assay due to auto-haemolysis. Band 3, glycophorin A, Band 4.1 and stomatin appear to be of higher relative importance in the invasion process as compared to the other altered erythrocyte proteins. These results confirmed the known roles of spectrin alpha, spectrin beta, glycophorin A, Band 3 and Band 4.1 in invasion, and suggested that ankyrin, Band 4.2 and stomatin may also be involved. This study highlighted the potential that modern, cutting-edge proteomic techniques provide when applied to previous comparative studies found in older literature, as previously unidentified proteins that can be involved in invasion were revealed. These results can be used as a foundation in future studies in order to identify new key targets for the development of new antimalarial drug- and vaccine-based strategies, with the hope of preventing the suffering of the millions of malaria-inflicted people worldwide, and ultimately eradicating this deadly disease.
Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2014.
tm2015
Pharmacology
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Chooi, Kok Phin. « Synthetic phosphorylation of kinases for functional studies in vitro ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2adc517a-2876-4a0b-8ead-e9bf164ebc6f.

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The activity of protein kinases is heavily dependent on the phosphorylation state of the protein. Kinase phosphorylation states have been prepared through biological or enzymatic means for biochemical evaluation, but the use of protein chemical modification as an investigative tool has not been addressed. By chemically reacting a genetically encoded cysteine, phosphocysteine was installed via dehydroalanine as a reactive intermediate. The installed phosphocysteine was intended as a surrogate to the naturally occurring phosphothreonine or phosphoserine of a phosphorylated protein kinase. Two model protein kinases were investigated on: MEK1 and p38α. The development of suitable protein variants and suitable reaction conditions on these two proteins is discussed in turn and in detail, resulting in p38α-pCys180 and MEK1-pCys222. Designed to be mimics of the naturally occurring p38α-pThr180 and MEK1-pSer222, these two chemically modified proteins were studied for their biological function. The core biological studies entailed the determination of enzymatic activity of both modified proteins, and included the necessary controls against their active counterparts. In addition, the studies on p38α-pCys180 also included a more detailed quantification of enzymatic activity, and the behaviour of this modified protein against known inhibitors of p38α was also investigated. Both modified proteins were shown to be enzymatically active and behave similarly to corresponding active species. The adaptation of mass spectrometry methods to handle the majority of project's analytical requirements, from monitoring chemical transformations to following enzyme kinetics was instrumental in making these studies feasible. The details of these technical developments are interwoven into the scientific discussion. Also included in this thesis is an introduction to the mechanism and function of protein kinases, and on the protein chemistry methods employed. The work is concluded with a projection of implications that this protein chemical modification technique has on kinase biomedical research.

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Simiand, Cécile. « Modifications régio- et stéréosélectives du saccharose ». Grenoble 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE10180.

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Les dextrane-saccharases utilisent le saccharose comme glucosyle donneur pour la biosynthese de dextranes. Des saccharoses modifies ont ete synthetises puis testes comme analogues de substrat de ces enzymes. Le 3-oxo-saccharose, obtenu par biooxydation du saccharose, a ete utilise comme compose precurseur pour les modifications en c-3. Les 3-oximino, 3-amino et 3-thio-saccharoses ont ete obtenus avec de bons rendements. La strategie developpee pour les modifications en position c-4 a permis d'obtenir, de facon stereoselective, les 4-amino, 4-thio et 4-fluoro-saccharoses. Des tests enzymatiques en presence de dextrane-saccharases ont mis en evidence le caractere inhibiteur des amino et thio-saccharoses

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Livres sur le sujet "Chemical or enzymatic modification"

Gahruie, Hadi Hashemi, Mohammad Hadi Eskandari, Amin Mousavi Khaneghah et Fatemeh Ghiasi, dir. Physicochemical and Enzymatic Modification of Gums. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87996-9.

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Enzymatic peptide synthesis. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, 1987.

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I, Kurganov B., Nagradova N. K et Lavrik O. I, dir. Chemical modification of enzymes. Commack, N.Y : Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 1995.

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Frey, Perry A. Enzymatic reaction mechanisms. New York : Oxford University Press, 2006.

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Fernández-Lucas, Jesús, dir. Enzymatic and Chemical Synthesis of Nucleic Acid Derivatives. Weinheim, Germany : Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527812103.

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Lundblad, Roger L. Chemical modification of biological polymers. Boca Raton, Fla : CRC, 2012.

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Lundblad, Roger L. Chemical modification of biological polymers. Boca Raton, Fla : CRC, 2012.

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Breakwell, Iain Keith. Chemical modification of smectite clays. Birmingham : Aston University. Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, 1992.

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Lundblad, Roger L. Chemical reagents for protein modification. 2^e éd. Boca Raton : CRC Press, 1991.

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Rowell, Roger M. Chemical modification of wood substance. [Madison, Wis : Forest Products Laboratory, 1991.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Chemical or enzymatic modification"

Sharma, Sunny, et Karl-Dieter Entian. « Chemical Modifications of Ribosomal RNA ». Dans Ribosome Biogenesis, 149–66. New York, NY : Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2501-9_9.

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AbstractCellular RNAs in all three kingdoms of life are modified with diverse chemical modifications. These chemical modifications expand the topological repertoire of RNAs, and fine-tune their functions. Ribosomal RNA in yeast contains more than 100 chemically modified residues in the functionally crucial and evolutionary conserved regions. The chemical modifications in the rRNA are of three types—methylation of the ribose sugars at the C2-positionAbstract (Nm), isomerization of uridines to pseudouridines (Ψ), and base modifications such as (methylation (mN), acetylation (acN), and aminocarboxypropylation (acpN)). The modifications profile of the yeast rRNA has been recently completed, providing an excellent platform to analyze the function of these modifications in RNA metabolism and in cellular physiology. Remarkably, majority of the rRNA modifications and the enzymatic machineries discovered in yeast are highly conserved in eukaryotes including humans. Mutations in factors involved in rRNA modification are linked to several rare severe human diseases (e.g., X-linked Dyskeratosis congenita, the Bowen–Conradi syndrome and the William–Beuren disease). In this chapter, we summarize all rRNA modifications and the corresponding enzymatic machineries of the budding yeast.

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Moorthy, S. N., M. S. Sajeev, R. P. K. Ambrose et R. J. Anish. « Starch modifications. » Dans Tropical tuber starches : structural and functional characteristics, 177–213. Wallingford : CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786394811.0177.

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Abstract This chapter outlines the modification of tuber starches, the properties of modified starches, and the possible areas of application. The nature of modifications (physical, chemical, enzymatic, dual/triple modifications, graft polymerization) and their influence on the functional properties and structure of cassava, sweet potato, yam, aroid (Colocasia esculenta, Xanthosoma sagittifolium, Amorphophallus paeoniifolius and Arracacia xanthorrhiza) and other starches are described.

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Tanifuji, Ryo, et Hiroki Oguri. « A Chemo-enzymatic Approach for the Rapid Assembly of Tetrahydroisoquinoline Alkaloids and Their Analogs ». Dans Modern Natural Product Synthesis, 145–61. Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-1619-7_7.

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AbstractThe utilization of enzymes that catalyze sequential reactions to construct highly functionalized skeletons in a single step could expedite the total synthesis of natural products and allow more precise control of chemo-, regio-, stereo- and enantio-selectivity while minimizing the use of protecting groups. In this chapter, we describe the development of a chemo-enzymatic hybrid synthetic process for a series of complex antitumor natural products, the bis-tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) alkaloids. The approach integrates the precise chemical synthesis of hypothetical biosynthetic intermediates with an enzymatic one-pot conversion to assemble the intricate pentacyclic scaffold, enabling the efficient total synthesis of saframycin A, jorunnamycin A, and N-protected saframycin Y3. We exploited synthetic substrate analogs to implement a versatile chemo-enzymatic synthetic approach to generate variants of THIQ alkaloids, by systematic modification of the substituents and functional groups. Subsequent chemical manipulation allowed the expeditious total synthesis of THIQ alkaloids. Section 7.2 discusses the biosynthesis of THIQ alkaloids, while Sect. 7.3 shifts the focus to chemo-enzymatic hybrid synthesis. Section 7.3.1 examines the impact of long-chain fatty acid side chains on enzymatic conversions by SfmC. In Sect. 7.3.2, the conversion efficiencies of substrates with ester or allyl carbamate linkages replacing amide bonds are sequentially addressed. Sections 7.3.3 and 7.3.4 delve into the chemo-enzymatic total synthesis of THIQ alkaloids. Finally, Sect. 7.3.5 discusses prospective expansion of the substrate scope for broader synthetic applications.

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Jimenez-Flores, Rafael, et Thomas Richardson. « Effects of Chemical, Genetic and Enzymatic Modifications on Protein Functionality ». Dans Food Biotechnology—1, 87–137. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3411-5_3.

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Legrand, J., Y. Popineau, S. Berot, J. Gueguen et L. Nouri. « Application of a Torus Reactor to Chemical and Enzymatic Modifications of Plant Proteins ». Dans Plant Proteins from European Crops, 297–302. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03720-1_50.

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Rieder, Renate, Claudia Höbartner et Ronald Micura. « Enzymatic Ligation Strategies for the Preparation of Purine Riboswitches with Site-Specific Chemical Modifications ». Dans Methods in Molecular Biology, 15–24. Totowa, NJ : Humana Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-558-9_2.

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Guebitz, Georg M. « Enzymatic Polymer Modification ». Dans Biocatalysis in Polymer Chemistry, 369–87. Weinheim, Germany : Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527632534.ch15.

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Ertesvåg, Helga, Svein Valla et Gudmund Skjåk-Bræk. « Enzymatic Alginate Modification ». Dans Alginates : Biology and Applications, 95–115. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-92679-5_4.

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Mahoney, R. R. « Lactose : Enzymatic Modification ». Dans Advanced Dairy Chemistry Volume 3, 77–125. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4409-5_3.

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Cheng, H. N. « Enzymatic Modification of Polymers ». Dans Green Chemistry and Sustainable Technology, 357–85. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3813-7_12.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Chemical or enzymatic modification"

Markov, Aleksandr. « METHODS OF MODIFICATION OF STARCHES FOR SPECIALIZED FOOD PRODUCTS ». Dans I International Congress “The Latest Achievements of Medicine, Healthcare, and Health-Saving Technologies”. Kemerovo State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/-i-ic-81.

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Methods of modification of native starches for use as the main component in specialized food products are considered. Some modern physical, chemical and enzymatic methods of processing starches and their influence on the properties of the resulting components are described.

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Moigradean, Diana, Mariana-Atena Poiana, Despina-Maria Bordean, Daniela Stoin et Liana-Maria Alda. « OXIDATIVE STABILITY OF COCONUT OIL AND WALNUT OIL BY PHYSICO-CHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND FTIR SPECTROSCOPY ». Dans 23rd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2023. STEF92 Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2023v/6.2/s25.38.

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The indicator of the quality of edible oils is its oxidative stability. The oxidative reactions can be influenced by several factors (light, heat, oxygen reaction with unsaturated lipids) and by chemical and enzymatic mechanisms (autoxidation, photooxidation and lipoxygenases). These factors can accelerate lipid oxidation, decrease oxidative stability and cause significant modification on sensory properties, what lead to nutritional depreciation of edible oil and decrease in the shelf life. The aims of this study are to evaluate the oxidative stability of coconut oil and walnut oil during storage (12 month) because this has a significant influence on degree of oil freshness. The lipid oxidation gives rise to the existence of toxic compounds in the food products and contribute to the development of heart disease, cancer and atherosclerosis. The progress of lipid oxidation was assessed by measuring peroxide value (PV), p-anisidine value (AV) and total oxidation value (TOTOX). The low peroxide value signifies a high oxidative stability. The Totox value gives clear overall data analysis of the freshness of the oil; the lower the Totox value, the better the quality of oils. FTIR spectral data were used to determine the bands, which can be considered as the fingerprints of the oxidation. The results suggest that walnut oil quickly go rancid but the coconut oil keeps its good chemical properties during storage.

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Peng, Han, et Fereidoon Shahidi. « Antioxidant activity of EGC (epigallocatechin) ester derivatives in food and biological model system ». Dans 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/qchb4629.

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Objective: Antioxidants retard oxidative processes in food and pharmaceuticals as well as in the body. However, potential adverse effects of synthetic antioxidants and insufficient efficacy of current natural/natural-derived antioxidant substitutes necessitate developing novel antioxidants. Thus, EGC, as one of the most widely distributed dietary flavanols, serves as an efficient natural antioxidant with numerous health effects, but it is relatively poorly soluble in lipophilic media. In this study, novel lipophilic EGC derivatives prepared via enzymatic esterification will be evaluated in controlling oxidation in food and biological systems. Methods: EGC esters were prepared under optimized reaction conditions, including enzyme type, substrate ratio (Acyl acceptor/acyl donor), and reaction time. The purified products were then tested for their antioxidant ability using Î²-carotene bleaching, LDL (low-density lipoprotein) oxidation, and DNA scission assays. Results: In the Î²-carotene bleaching assay, the oxidation inhibition of EGC and its esters was observed for about 80 min at 50â„ƒ by maintain the yellow colour and then decreased gradually with time. Meanwhile, EGC monoesters (except EGC acetate and stearate) showed a significantly higher inhibition rate than EGC. In the LDL oxidation assay, a similar downtrend of antioxidant ability was observed. However, EGC exhibited higher antioxidant capacity compared to EGC monoesters. In the DNA scission test, the EGC acylated with short-chain fatty acids (C2-C6) showed the higher DNA stability than EGC or other EGC monoesters. Conclusion: Overall, EGC monoesters displayed significant antioxidant activity in all three assays. The results in biological/food systems were in agreement with our previous chemical antioxidant tests. Moreover, the antioxidant ability of EGC as a natural antioxidant was retained or even enhanced after modification. Thus, acylated EGCs could serve as viable alternatives to traditional synthetic antioxidants.

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Bogojevic, Oliver, Carl Arevang et Zheng Guo. « Synthesis of complex phospholipid species ». Dans 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/rlyh7861.

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Phospholipids are essential for the preservation of life on the planet and carry numerous critical roles and functions, including being the main constituents of the cell-membranes in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, providing (more bioavailable) energy, and maintaining chemical and electrical processes in the body. The structural characteristics of phospholipids can vary greatly among species, however, commonly consist of a hydrophilic region (phosphate-containing head-group) and a hydrophobic region (fatty acids, €œtails€), providing the amphiphilic features and unique functions. The countless number of possible configurations enables the continuous synthesis of novel phospholipid species. The synthesis of specific phospholipids, so-called €œdesigner-phospholipids€, is commonly carried out through modifications of more common and easily accessible phospholipid species, catalyzed by the use of either non-specific chemical catalysts or specific enzymes. Enzymatic methods, being most prominent, are often using biphasic reaction systems, allowing for the easy reuse of enzymes and separation of polar compounds, offering more environmentally friendly approaches'. The synthesis of complex phospholipids such as cardiolipins (CLs) and bis(mono/di-acylglycero)phopshates (BMPs/BDPs) have significant value as they carry the unique ability to contain multiple fatty acids, which in turn can be linked to a range of positive health effects. The positive health effects of fish oils (EPA/DHA) are today a hot topic, which in combination with complex phospholipids present great potential for future applications. Additionally, new phospholipid species are continuously under development utilizing completely new synthetic systems with environmentally friendly approaches' in focus. Modern methods centralized on the combinatorial use of ionic liquids and enzymes for the production of novel phospholipids species reduce the use of organic solvents, allowing for the incorporation of fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) into phospholipids. The science behind the synthesis of phospholipids is continuously developing for an increased amount of different applications.

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A. Onazi, Sagheer. « Modelling of Enzymatic Surface Reactions ». Dans Annual International Conference on Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Chemical Process. Global Science & Technology Forum (GSTF), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2301-3761_ccecp15.12.

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Maeda, Yutaka. « Chemical Modification of SWNTs ». Dans MOLECULAR NANOSTRUCTURES : XVII International Winterschool Euroconference on Electronic Properties of Novel Materials. AIP, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1628029.

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Ivakin, N., et S. Ermakov. « CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF WOOD ». Dans Manager of the Year. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/my2021_71-74.

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All types of wood raw materials, especially from low-value species, need additional processing before being used for their intended purpose. Processing is necessary not only to maintain its original appearance, but also to preserve various properties and change them for the better. Various manufacturers working with wood often use one of the ways to improve it is the modification of wood. In this article, we will talk about one of the varieties – chemical modification of wood.

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Altinkaya, Mustafa A., et Ercan E. Kuruoglu. « Modeling enzymatic reactions via chemical Langevin-Levy equation ». Dans 2012 20th Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference (SIU). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/siu.2012.6204746.

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Xu, Yi, Aitao Li, Xin Jia et Zhi Li. « Asymmetric Trans-dihydroxylation of Cyclic Olefins by Enzymatic or Chemo-enzymatic Sequential Epoxidation and Hydrolysis in One Pot ». Dans 14th Asia Pacific Confederation of Chemical Engineering Congress. Singapore : Research Publishing Services, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-07-1445-1_719.

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Bondarenko, Diana Olegovna, Nadezda Ivanovna Bondarenko, Vasiliy Stepanovich Bessmertnyi et Valeria Valerievna Strokova. « Plasma-chemical modification of concrete ». Dans International Conference "Actual Issues of Mechanical Engineering" (AIME 2018). Paris, France : Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aime-18.2018.21.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Chemical or enzymatic modification"

Raushel, Frank M. Enzymatic Detoxification of Chemical Warfare Agents. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, décembre 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada421843.

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Rajan, K. S. Enzymatic Detoxification of Chemical Warfare Agents : Immobilization of the Enzyme for Material Surfaces. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, janvier 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada231056.

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Palmieri, Frank L., Christopher J. Wohl, Marcus A. Belcher, John W. Connel, John W. Hopkins et Guillermo Morales. Relating Chemical and Topographical Modification of Materials to Macroscopic Adhesion. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, novembre 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada566312.

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Tsanova-Stamatova, Mariela, Neshka Manchorova-Veleva et Tsvetanka Babeva. Influence of Mechanical and Chemical Modification Techniques on Zirconia Surface Roughness. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, novembre 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2020.11.04.

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Tao, Fei, Xuanchi Li, Antonio Bobet et Nayyar Zia Siddiki. Chemical Modification of Uniform Soils and Soils with High/Low Plasticity Index. Purdue University, mars 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284316359.

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Bonnell, Dawn A. Interface Chemical Modification for Property Control of Oxide Reinforced Ceramic Matrix Composites. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, octobre 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada383580.

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Yortsos, Y. C. Modification of chemical and physical factors in steamflood to increase heavy oil recovery. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), février 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5112485.

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Stuart, Janice. Chemical Modification of Skeletal Muscle Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Vesicles : A Study of Calcium Permeability. Portland State University Library, janvier 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.1388.

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Yortsos, Y. C. Modification of chemical and physical factors in steamflood to increase heavy oil recovery. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), avril 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5798098.

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Yortsos, Y. C. Modification of chemical and physical factors in steamflood to increase heavy oil recovery. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), avril 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5857895.

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