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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Chemical industry – Germany – History »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Chemical industry – Germany – History"

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Travis, Anthony S., Willem J. Hornix, Robert Bud et Peter Reed. « The British chemical industry and the indigo trade ». British Journal for the History of Science 25, no 1 (mars 1992) : 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087400045350.

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Even before the success of William Perkin's mauve at the end of the 1850s, there were attempts to synthesize artificial dyes that were identical with those found in nature. Alizarin, the dye derived from the madder root, was the first to be investigated, and it was Perkin who was to file for a patent in June 1869 just one day before the German chemists Heinrich Caro, Carl Graebe and Carl Liebermann. Rivalry between the parties soon turned to negotiations and collaboration. Perkin's company retained the British trade, while the Germans, in the form of the Badische Anilin- und Soda-Fabrik (BASF) controlled the continental European and United States markets. This and similar agreements extinguished the madder trade, and subsequently artificial alizarin passed almost completely to the Germans. They achieved a monopoly by dictating the level and prices of supplies, which did much to diminish the strength of the dye-making industry in Britain. The formation in 1882–83 of the British Alizarine Company did little to redress the overall balance. This taught British dye firms a tough lesson. The same, they hoped, would not be allowed to happen again, even when the attention of the German research chemists turned to indigo.
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Denisenko, K. S. « The performance of the German chemical industry through the prism of geopolitical instability ». Mezhdunarodnaja jekonomika (The World Economics), no 12 (30 novembre 2022) : 918–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/vne-04-2212-07.

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The aggravated energy crisis caused by rising raw materials’ prices significantly reshapes the global chemical industry. The European Union is the second largest market in terms of turnover, lagging only behind the People’s Republic of China. The EU market is dominated by Germany that occupies the leading position in the industry and determines production standards for the entire European community. The industry faces new challenges as it has not yet completely recovered from COVID-19 pandemic. Growing costs for electricity and resources, disruption of supply chains, logistical delays in semi-processed and basic chemicals’ supply as well as diminishing demand lead to crises that are already traceable in the fi rst half of 2022. A fairly capital-intensive, energy-intensive and export-oriented German chemical industry significantly aff ects adjacent industries such as metallurgy, construction, automobile production, agriculture and healthcare. The given article analyses the current state of the German chemical industry and its positioning on the global markets in the context of geopolitical shifts as well as its adaptation to the rapidly changing conditions. The inability to comply with the strict norms of the European Commission within the framework of the green agenda as well as the insufficiency of energy resources are already forcing companies operating in the industry to take desperate measures and deviate from the original standards. Competition against the rapidly growing Japanese chemical industry in the recent years is forcing Germany to undertake critical measures aimed at protecting its share of the global market. Thus, there is a downward trend in production capacities that has a direct impact on the general state of the industry.
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Dumiter, Florin, Florin Turcas et Anca Opret. « German Tax System : Double Taxation Avoidance Conventions, Structure and Developments ». Journal of Legal Studies 16, no 30 (1 décembre 2015) : 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jles-2015-0006.

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Abstract This paper presents the fundamentals of the tax system in general, the basic elements of a tax system as well as the organization of the German tax system analysis, especially throughout the tax levy and how the taxation typology functions. This theme was chosen in order to expose the principles of German taxation system. With a tumultuous and troubled history, mainly caused by the two World Wars‟ destructions, the German state is considered the „economic locomotive” and a pillar of the European Union. Germany‟s economy is mainly driven by the automotive industry, chemical industry, telecommunications, commerce and agriculture. Of particular importance is the qualitative analysis of conventions for the avoidance of double taxation concluded by Germany; and related implications on fiscal policy. The methodology used in this paper consists of presenting literature derived theories and practical analysis of the German tax system in terms of tax legislation and the evolution of double taxation conventions concluded by Germany with different countries. After the study, the conclusions on the size of the national tax system driven by the example of the German tax system were founded.
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Stokes, Raymond G. « Autarky, Ideology, and Technological Lag : The Case of the East German Chemical Industry, 1945–1964 ». Central European History 28, no 1 (mars 1995) : 29–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938900011237.

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The ignominious and total collapse of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) in 1989/90 revealed all too clearly the disastrous state of the country's economy, especially in comparison to the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG). This fact must not, however, be seen in isolation from another, apparently contradictory one: From the beginning to the end of its existence, the GDR was the shining economic and technological star in the communist firmament in Eastern Europe. GDR electronics and optics were crucial to the Soviet space program and to East-bloc military production, which counted among communism's few technological successes. Its chemical and automobile industries were also well regarded in the Eastern bloc and in many developing countries. The GDR's technological prowess—especially when combined with its favored and very lucrative relationship with the FRG—made for a reasonably high standard of living, not just in relation to other countries in the Soviet bloc, but in relation to other industrialized countries as well.
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Müller, Philipp. « Sovereignty Trade-Offs between Politics and the Economy : The Deconcentration of IG Farben after 1945 ». Central European History 55, no 1 (mars 2022) : 53–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000893892100176x.

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AbstractThe postwar deconcentration of IG Farben AG shows that the Allied military governments and their German counterparts were anything but united on the extent and form of sovereignty the Federal Republic of Germany should receive. The American plan to divide the corporate enterprise into a large number of individual companies aimed to establish a democratic state independent from the influence of domestic business. By contrast, West German government officials and the business community were convinced that the future sovereignty of the Federal Republic depended on the global competitiveness of large industrial conglomerates. To thwart the American deconcentration plans, they traded off one dimension of sovereignty against the other. Leading members of the West German government accepted delegating the negotiations over the future of IG Farben to business representatives, thereby sharing domestic sovereignty because the delegation promised to maintain a powerful German chemical industry that could support the trade balance of the future West German state. This development contributed to the emergence of a Federal Republic characterized by the close involvement of economic actors in political decision-making. It contained important elements of a post-democratic sovereignty, which is commonly used to describe the development of the late twentieth century.
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Hayes, Peter. « Carl Bosch and Carl Krauch : Chemistry and the Political Economy of Germany, 1925–1945 ». Journal of Economic History 47, no 2 (juin 1987) : 353–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700048117.

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Carl Bosch and Carl Krauch, accomplished scientists and prominent executives in the BASF and IG Farben chemical corporations, were drawn together by mutual admiration and common technical interests. In the Nazi era, however, they came to embody competing liberal and nationalist conceptions of German political economy. This article examines their relationship, the reasons for their divergent stances, and their individual contributions to the economic and productive power of the Third Reich. Ironically, Bosch's understanding of his industry, his nation, and scientific progress led him to oppose the Nazis, but also to lay the basis for their recruitment of Krauch and the German chemical industry for their expansionist purposes.
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Patton, C. « "Proletarian Protest" ? : Skill and Protest in the German Chemical Industry, 1914-1924 ». Journal of Social History 25, no 4 (1 juin 1992) : 757–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jsh/25.4.757.

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Travis, Anthony S. « Science as Receptor of Technology : Paul Ehrlich and the Synthetic Dyestuffs Industry ». Science in Context 3, no 2 (1989) : 383–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889700000879.

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The ArgumentIn Germany during the 1870s and 1880s a number of important scientific innovations in chemistry and biology emerged that were linked to advances in the new technology of synthetic dyestuffs. In particular, the rapid development of classical organic chemistry was a consequence of programs in which chemists devised new theories and experimental strategies that were applicable to the processes and products of the burgeoning dye factories. Thereafter, the novel products became the means to examine and measure biological systems. This took place as a result of two trends. The first was a move toward diversification in the dye industry – made possible by the extensive range of products – which in turn was stimulated by economic and political conditions. The second was the increasing availability of techniques, substances, and processes used in industry. This made possible a concrete program of introducing the qualitative and quantitative methods of chemistry into the domain of laboratory experimentation on biological materials, thereby realizing the abstract desire to transform cell biology into an exact science.Moreover, the conceptualization of biological systems that emerged from this endeavor leaned heavily on a theory of dye chemistry that indicated which particular arrangements of atoms performed specific functions. This biological modeling used the imagery of chemical structural formulae to transform chemical nuclei and their side chains (substituents) into adequate representations of protoplasmic structure.
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Hagen, Antje. « Patents Legislation and German FDI in the British Chemical Industry before 1914 ». Business History Review 71, no 3 (1997) : 351–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3116077.

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This article analyzes the investments in both manufacturing units and sales subsidiaries by German chemical companies in the United Kingdom prior to 1914. It extends the findings in the existing literature on the subject, as sales subsidiaries have not so far been investigated. In particular, the article focuses on the motives underlying these investments. By building sales subsidiaries, German companies hoped to improve their control over foreign distribution activities and to promote their own brand names. As for the creation of manufacturing outlets, the motives of the companies differed before and after the reform of the British patent law in 1907. Prior to patent law reform, branch plants were set up due to transport cost considerations, resource orientation, or the pursuit of monopoly. Further reasons included restrictions on the use of proprietary technology in the home country and capacity constraints in the home factory. It was only after 1907 that manufacturing units were established to safeguard the companies' British patents. Consequently, the traditionally held notion that it was solely the patent law of 1907 which sparked off German FDI in the British chemical industry needs to be modified.
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Voth, H. J. « Opting for Oil. The Political Econonmy of Technological Change in the West German Chemical Industry, 1945-1961 ». German History 13, no 2 (1 avril 1995) : 279–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gh/13.2.279.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Chemical industry – Germany – History"

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Stokes, Raymond George. « Recovery and resurgence in the West German chemical industry : allied policy and the I.G. Farben successor companies, 1945-1951 / ». The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487323583622085.

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Leon, Juan Andres Andres. « Citizens of the Chemical Complex : Industrial Expertise and Science Philanthropy in Imperial and Weimar Germany ». Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11295.

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This dissertation is a social and cultural history of chemical industrialists and their role in the development of both science and capitalism in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It focuses on the case of Germany, where many chemists became some the most powerful industrial leaders during this period. Since the late nineteenth century, chemistry in Germany constituted a cosmos radiating from the large industrial sites, of which the academic discipline was just the tip of the iceberg. The chemical Industry supported a formidable scientific research system, and industrial chemists rose to the highest social circles, from which they exerted unique forms of activism. In particular, science philanthropy provided chemical industrialists with a point of entry to elite German society. Their status as scientists, combined with their manufacturing social backgrounds, led to an inclination towards supporting scientific research through direct participation and political lobbying, with less emphasis on the financial donations common in American philanthropy. Crucially, this support extended beyond chemistry, to other applied sciences and even apparently non-industrial pursuits such as astronomy. In these other fields, they sought to replicate the industrial support system that existed in chemistry, while opening the opportunity to participate directly in their amateur scientific interests. I contend that these non-financial forms of support for science played an important role during the radical changes in twentieth-century Germany, including war, hyperinflation, extreme economic cycles, and the increasing political polarization of the Weimar era.
History of Science
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Hartmann, Eva. « Successful introduction of B2B electronic marketplace projects an inter organizational relationship perspective with an empirical analysis of the chemical industry in Germany / ». [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=964455889.

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Thomas, Drew B. « The industry of evangelism : printing for the Reformation in Martin Luther's Wittenberg ». Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14589.

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When Martin Luther supposedly nailed his Ninety-Five Theses in 1517 to the Castle Church door in Wittenberg, the small town had only a single printing press. By the end of the century, Wittenberg had published more books than any other city in the Holy Roman Empire. Of the leading print centres in early modern Europe, Wittenberg was the only one that was not a major centre of trade, politics, or culture. This thesis examines the rise of the Wittenberg printing industry and analyses how it overtook the Empire's leading print centres. Luther's controversy—and the publications it produced—attracted printers to Wittenberg who would publish tract after tract. In only a few years, Luther became the most published author since the invention of the printing press. This thesis investigates the workshops of the four leading printers in Wittenberg during Luther's lifetime: Nickel Schirlentz, Josef Klug, Hans Lufft, and Georg Rhau. Together, these printers conquered the German print world. They were helped with the assistance of the famous Renaissance artist, Lucas Cranach the Elder, who lived in Wittenberg as court painter to the Elector of Saxony. His woodcut title page borders decorated the covers of Luther's books and were copied throughout the Empire. Capitalising off the demand for Wittenberg books, many printers falsely printed that their books were from Wittenberg. Such fraud played a major role in the Reformation book trade, as printers in every major print centre made counterfeits of Wittenberg books. However, Reformation pamphlets were not the sole reason for Wittenberg's success. Such items played only a marginal role in the local industry. It was the great Luther Bibles, spurred by Luther's emphasis on Bible reading, that allowed Wittenberg's printers to overcome the odds and become the largest print centre in early modern Germany.
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Niese, Siegfried. « Die Entwicklung der Arbeitsgemeinschaft "Radiochemische Analysenmethoden" im Fachverband Analytik der Chemischen Gesellschaft der DDR ». Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-93601.

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Es wird die Geschichte der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Radiochemische Analysenmethoden in der Chemischen Gesellschaft der DDR beschrieben
The History of the working-pool Radioanalytical Chemistry of the Chemical Society of the GDR is described
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Gmitrová, Zuzana. « Chemický priemysel v ČR ». Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-85192.

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The thesis deals with the analysis of spatial distinction of the chemical industry in the Czech Republic. The main aim of the thesis is to evaluate the disposition of chemical production in the Czech Republic and using the tools of spatial analysis, mainly location quotients and the Lorenz curve, to identify areas with the highest concentration of the chemical production. Further to identify areas with the greatest potential for the localization and development of the chemical production. The theoretical part of the thesis describes the economic aspects of the localization of the industry and defines the chemical industry itself in a broader context. The practical part deals with the position of the chemical industry in the Czech Republic and focuses on the territory analysis which identifies the regions with the highest concentration of the chemical industry in the Czech Republic
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Salateo, Rosiney Rapolli. « Uma análise sobre a historiografia da química no Brasil em periódicos:- 1974 a 2004 ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8138/tde-16072007-122433/.

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Este estudo aborda a produção brasileira de historiografia da química em artigos de periódicos, no período de 1974 a 2004. O pressuposto investigado é a interligação entre a atividade química industrial desenvolvida no país e a quantidade de artigos produzida. A discussão do debate internalista/externalista foi escolhida para iluminar alguns aspectos dessa produção, ao longo do período. Para isso, realizamos levantamentos dos artigos nos principais periódicos brasileiros que abrigam a historiografia da química, bem como a produção industrial do setor químico nacional no período estudado. A análise desse conjunto de dados nos revelou que existe uma inter-relação entre a produção industrial e a historiografia da química
This study broaches the Brazilian production of chemistry historiography in articles from periodicals embracing the period from 1974 to 2004. The presupposition under investigation is the interconnection between the industrial chemical activity developed in the country and the quantity of articles produced. The discussion on the internalist/externalist issue was chosen to highlight some aspects of that production during that period. In order to achieve that we carried out a survey of articles in the major Brazilian periodicals that cover chemistry historiography as well as the national chemical sector industrial production during the studied period. The analysis of that data has revealed that there is an interconnection between the industrial production and chemical historiography
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Kube, Sven. « Born in the U.S.A. / Made in the G.D.R. : Anglo-American Popular Music and the Westernization of a Communist Record Market ». FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3656.

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Scholars from various disciplines have demonstrated that popular culture factored significantly in Cold War contestation. As a pervasive form of cultural content and unifying medium for baby boomers worldwide, pop music played an important part in the power struggle between the era’s two adversarial camps. Historical studies of the past thirty years have identified initiatives of cultural diplomacy, from radio broadcasting to live concert tours, as key to disseminating Western music in Eastern Bloc societies. This project explains how cultural commerce across the divide of the Iron Curtain familiarized millions of music fans in the German Democratic Republic (GDR) with popular sounds from the United States, the United Kingdom, and other Western democracies. Detailing a process that affected all Bloc states in similar ways, it seeks to enrich the scholarly discourse on the role of pop culture in the twentieth century’s defining ideological conflict. Through analysis of previously unavailable or inaccessible sources, the dissertation reconstructs the economic development of a communist culture industry and measures the commercial significance of Western commodities in one Eastern Bloc marketplace. Drawing on untapped archival files, it traces the evolution of Deutsche Schallplatten (German Records) from a small private firm into a flagship enterprise on the GDR’s cultural circuit. It illuminates how dependency on technology and resources from capitalist countries prompted East Germany’s managers to prioritize the westward export of classical recordings for the purpose of earning hard currencies. Based on oral histories of contemporary witnesses, it documents how the Amiga label through the parent company’s business ties to capitalist partners advanced the import of Western jazz, blues, rock, pop, and dance music to exhaust the purchasing power of the home audience. Empirically evaluating formerly classified production data for a total of 143 million records, it reveals how the state-owned monopolist engineered a de facto takeover of the domestic marketplace by American, British, and West German performers to achieve high profitability. The dissertation argues that intensifying Westernization of its walled-in music market exemplified the GDR’s decision to concede the Cold War battle over cultural preferences and political loyalties of its citizens out of economic necessity.
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Johnson, Ian Ona. « The Faustian Pact : Soviet-German Military Cooperation in the Interwar Period ». The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1461255006.

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Kessel, Nils. « Nebenwirkungen der Konsumgesellschaft ? : Geschichte des Arzneimittelgebrauchs in Westdeutschland, 1950-1980 ». Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAB006.

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Cette thèse a pour objectif d'analyser les tentatives conceptuels et méthodologiques déployées par des acteurs du monde académique, médical, industriel et politique pour étudier l'usage des médicaments en Allemagne de l'Ouest entre 1950 et 1980. Elle étudie la « mise en problème » de la consommation comme une menace sociale. Enfin, la thèse décrit les traductions scientifiques qui permettent de faire circuler le concept de consommation de médicaments entre différentes sphères sociales. Au niveau méthodologique cette thèse combine l'histoire des concepts comme l'a suggéré Reinhart Koselleck avec une histoire des technologies (pharmaceutiques). La thèse mobilise les archives de l'entreprise IMS Health Allemagne qui ont pu être exploitées pour la première fois. Au-delà de ce corpus important, un certain nombre d'archives publiques et privées a été exploité
This thesis examines the conceptual and methodological attempts academics, physicians, industrialists and policymakers used for investigating drug use in West Germany between 1950and 1980. lt studies the "problematization" of consumption as a social threat. Finally, the thesis describes processes of scientific translation that allowed the concept of drug consumption to circulate between different social spheres. Methodologically this thesis relies on Reinhart Koselleck's works on the history of concepts (Begriffsgeschichte), which are then combined with a history of (pharmaceutical) technologies. For the first time, IMS (Medical Statistics lnstitute in West Germany later IMS Health) pharmaceutical market and prescription data for West Germany from 1959 to 1980 could be analyzed in a historical study. Beyond this important body, research was done in several public and private archives
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Livres sur le sujet "Chemical industry – Germany – History"

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Werner, Abelshauser, dir. German industry and global enterprise : BASF : the history of a company. Cambridge, U.K : Cambridge University Press, 2004.

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Die Marketing-Konzeption in deutschen Chemieunternehmen : Eine betriebswirtschaftlich-historische Analyse am Beispiel der BASF Ludwigshafen. Frankfurt am Main : P. Lang, 1992.

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Dornheim, Andreas. Forschergeist und Unternehmermut : Der Kölner Chemiker und Industrielle Hermann Julius Grüneberg (1827-1894). Köln : Böhlau, 2006.

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Werner, Abelshauser, dir. BASF : Innovation and adaptation in a German corporation since 1865. New York : Cambridge University Press, 2003.

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Werner, Abelshauser, dir. Die BASF : Eine Unternehmensgeschichte. München : Beck, 2002.

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Reinhardt, Carsten. Heinrich Caro and the creation of modern chemical industry. Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000.

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Lorentz, Bernhard. Chemie und Politik : Die Geschichte der Chemischen Werke Hüls 1938 bis 1979 : eine Studie zum Problem der corporate governance. München : C.H. Beck, 2003.

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Patton, Craig Dean. Labor protest in the German inflation, 1914-1923 : The case of the chemical industry. AnnArbor, Mich : University Microfilms International, 1990.

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Patton, Craig Dean. Labor protest in the German inflation 1914-1923 : The case of the chemical industry. Ann Arbor, Mich : University Microfilms International, 1986.

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Coleman, Kim. IG Farben and ICI, 1925-53 : Strategies for growth and survival. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire : Palgrave Macmillan, 2006.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Chemical industry – Germany – History"

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Allen, Christopher S. « 6. Political Consequences of Change : The Chemical Industry ». Dans Industry and Politics in West Germany, sous la direction de Peter J. Katzenstein, 157–84. Ithaca, NY : Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/9781501731471-008.

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McNabb, David E. « Commerce and Industry in a United Germany ». Dans A Comparative History of Commerce and Industry, Volume II, 113–33. New York : Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137503305_8.

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McNabb, David E. « The Germany Economy After Reunification ». Dans A Comparative History of Commerce and Industry, Volume II, 97–112. New York : Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137503305_7.

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McNabb, David E. « Commerce and Industry in a United Germany, 1871–1914 ». Dans A Comparative History of Commerce and Industry, Volume I, 125–42. New York : Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137503268_8.

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Tanzil, Dicksen, et Darlene Schuster. « History and Drivers of Sustainability in the Chemical Industry ». Dans Management Principles of Sustainable Industrial Chemistry, 7–20. Weinheim, Germany : Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527649488.ch2.

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Kreimeyer, Andreas. « Swimming Ahead of the Shoal — The History of BASF in Greater China ». Dans The Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industry in China, 159–70. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-26561-9_13.

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Maier, Friederike. « The Chemical Industry in Germany : A Case-study of the S Company ». Dans Equal Pay in Europe ?, 76–92. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26559-6_4.

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Plumpe, Gottfried. « Industry, Technical Progress and State. The Synthesis of Rubber in Germany 1906–1944/45 ». Dans German Yearbook on Business History 1985, 97–124. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71196-1_6.

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Morris, Peter J. T. « Ambros, Reppe, and the Emergence of Heavy Organic Chemicals in Germany, 1925–1945 ». Dans Determinants in the Evolution of the European Chemical Industry, 1900–1939, 89–122. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1233-0_5.

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Aftalion, Fred. « Recent History of the Chemical Industry 1973 to the Millennium : The New Facts of World Chemicals Since 1973 ». Dans Handbook of Industrial Chemistry and Biotechnology, 1–45. Boston, MA : Springer US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4259-2_1.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Chemical industry – Germany – History"

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Zipse, Donald W. « History of grounding/earthing practices in the united states ». Dans 2017 IEEE Petroleum and Chemical Industry Technical Conference (PCIC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pcicon.2017.8188742.

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Durham, Robert A., Marcus O. Durham et Tommy W. Gillaspie. « Lightning Protection at Petrochemical Facilities - Part 1 History and Background Science ». Dans 2019 IEEE Petroleum and Chemical Industry Committee Conference (PCIC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pcic30934.2019.9074531.

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McBride, Joseph J. « Limonene : A Versatile Chemical ». Dans ASME 1990 Citrus Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cec1990-3605.

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Following a brief review of the chemistry and properties of limonene as a chemical entity, d-limonene recovered as a by-product in the processing of citrus fruit is discussed in more detail. The largest use of d-limonene, the production of tackifying resins for the adhesive industry, is given special attention, although other important uses, such as in the synthesis of I-carvone, and in specialty solvents and cleaners are also discussed. d-Limonene’s price history is compared with those of its competitors in the resin market, piperylene and sulfate turpentine. Its current relative position in the large and growing market is explained and estimates of its future availability and potential use in the market are proposed. Paper published with permission.
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Johannsen, Thies. « Wheel of competencies : industry demands of competencies for research and innovation ». Dans SEFI 50th Annual conference of The European Society for Engineering Education. Barcelona : Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/conference-9788412322262.1101.

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On the basis of the current state of research, this study identifies and validates futureoriented competencies. Using quantitative social research methods, it then investigates demands in industry. This involved, first, an evaluation of literature and the identification of competencies for research and innovation (R&I) activities. Next, from clusters of the identified competencies I derived 14 different types. On this basis, I generated a competency profile that informs the development of a tool for R&I, the Wheel of Competencies. With this newly developed tool specific competency profiles can be generated and analysed. Second, I operationalized and implemented the competence components in a questionnaire. On this basis, 200 CEOs and heads of research and development (R&D) departments of medium-sized and large enterprises in Germany were surveyed in November and December 2021 using computer-assisted telephone interviews (CATI). All enterprises have at least 50 employees and an in-house R&D department. In addition, enterprises have to belong to one of the following industry sectors: automotive, chemical, electrical or mechanical engineering. The results show that certain competencies are in very high demand across all industries, while others are more specific to an industry sector. Overall, the results indicate that the competencies in demand address the dynamic complexity in collaborative R&I processes. The results presented here make an important evidencebased contribution to curriculum development in engineering education based on future-oriented competencies and illustrates which transfer activities and collaborative formats are increasingly relevant.
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Lu, Chunhai, Shijun Ni, Chengjiang Zhang, Min Chen, Chuntao Hu et Zeming Shi. « Improving Education Quality of the Specialty of Nuclear Chemical and Fuel Engineering by Using Superiority of CDUT ». Dans 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-15408.

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Although the specialty of nuclear chemical and fuel some nuclear specialty is built in 2012, some nuclear specialties have a long history. The nuclear specialty in Chengdu University of Technology (CDUT) was built in 1956 in Beijing College of Geology (BCG). Afterwards, the nuclear specialty in BCG was migrated to CDUT. CDUT has had great achievement in student training for atomic industry of China. In this paper we present ideas about improving education quality of the specialty of nuclear chemical and fuel by using superiority of Chengdu University of Technology. The main ideas are as following: 1) sharing course resources; 2) sharing laboratories and instruments resources; 3) sharing information.
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Ouled Ameur, Zied, Abdulla AlThawadi et Borislav Grbic. « Selection, Implementation and Monitoring of Corrosion Inhibitors for Downhole Chemical Treatment on Rod/Beam Pump Wells Bahrain Fields ». Dans International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-22329-ms.

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Abstract Corrosion is a naturally occurring phenomenon commonly defined as the destructive attack of a metal that results from a chemical or electrochemical reaction with its environment. The effect of corrosion in the oil and gas industry leads to economic loss, a loss of containment and associated impact on HSE and asset integrity. There are many technologies to bring the oil to the surface. Rod or Beam pumps are the most common form of artificial lift for oil wells in onshore oilfields. They are simple machines that have a long and well documented history in the industry and are economically inexpensive. Corrosion inhibitors are commonly used to mitigate electrochemical corrosion in the oilfield. When added in small quantities to an aggressive medium, these chemicals inhibit corrosion by changing the surface conditions of the metal surface. In downhole systems, the prevailing conditions may be very severe, resulting in high corrosion rates. Corrosion inhibitors can be applied downhole, however, the selection and application of a corrosion inhibitor for downhole is typically more challenging than for a surface application. The paper gives a brief view on the selection of the suitable corrosion inhibitor that meets the well condition. It will explain how to select the best application methods for downhole corrosion on Rod Wells. The paper also demonstrates how the downhole treatment for rod wells is carried out giving in depth details of the method that has been used. It will present the results of a downhole treatment case and make recommendations for a performance monitoring program to optimize a treatment program ensuring its success. Finally, the paper concludes with a case history of downhole corrosion inhibitor application from an onshore field in the Middle East with 550 producing wells, where downhole corrosion inhibitor was successfully applied to 165 wells, leading to a major reduction in tubing corrosion failures
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McClure, Mark, Magdalene Albrecht, Carl Bernet, Craig Cipolla, Kenneth Etcheverry, Garrett Fowler, Aaron Fuhr et al. « Results from a Collaborative Industry Study on Parent/Child Interactions : Bakken, Permian Basin, and Montney ». Dans SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/212321-ms.

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Abstract This paper presents results from a collaborative industry study involving ten high-quality pad-scale datasets from the Delaware Basin, Midland Basin, Bakken, and Montney. The study had three primary goals: (a) compare/contrast observations between each dataset, (b) identify general strategies that can be used to mitigate parent/child impacts, and (c) provide concrete recommendations to optimize fracture design and well placement. For each dataset, an integrated hydraulic fracturing and reservoir simulation model was constructed and history matched to the observations. The models were calibrated to production data and pressure measurements, as well as to diagnostics such as: distributed acoustic sensing (DAS), microseismic, downhole imaging, chemical tracers, geochemical production allocations, and pressure observations from offset wells. History matching was performed by varying formation properties and model inputs to ensure consistency with the observations. Once the models were calibrated, the same set of approximately 120 sensitivity analysis simulations was performed on each model. Finally, an automated algorithm was used to quantitatively optimize fracture design and well placement to maximize economic performance. At each step in the process, the results were analyzed to identify the similarities and differences between the datasets and to explain why. The results show how differences in stratigraphy, well configuration, fracture design, and formation properties drive differences in parent/child phenomena. Optimal strategies to mitigate challenges depend on these site-specific conditions. Negative impacts from parent/child interactions cannot be entirely avoided. There is no strategy that can prevent the most important cause of child well underperformance – that wells are attempting to produce hydrocarbons from rock that has already been significantly depleted by parent well production. However, strategic design choices and quantitative economic optimization can significantly improve net present value and return on investment.
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Mathieu, O., C. Mulvihill, E. L. Petersen, Y. Zhang et H. J. Curran. « CO and H2O Time-Histories in Shock-Heated Blends of Methane and Ethane for Assessment of a Chemical Kinetics Model ». Dans ASME Turbo Expo 2017 : Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2017-64978.

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Methane and ethane are the two main components of natural gas and typically constitute more than 95% of it. In this study, a mixture of 90% CH4 /10% C2H6 diluted in 99% Ar was studied at fuel lean (ϕ = 0.5) conditions, for pressures around 1, 4, and 10 atm. Using laser absorption diagnostics, the time histories of CO and H2O were recorded between 1400 and 1800 K. Water is a final product from hydrocarbon combustion, and following its formation is a good marker of the completion of the combustion process. Carbon monoxide is an intermediate combustion species, a good marker of incomplete/inefficient combustion, as well as a regulated pollutant for the gas turbine industry. Measurements such as these species time histories are important for validating and assessing chemical kinetics models beyond just ignition delay times and laminar flame speeds. Time-history profiles for these two molecules measured herein were compared to a modern, state-of-the-art detailed kinetics mechanism as well as to the well-established GRI 3.0 mechanism. Results show that the H2O profile is accurately reproduced by both models. However, discrepancies are observed for the CO profiles. Under the conditions of this study, the measured CO profiles typically increase rapidly after an induction time, reach a maximum and then decrease. This maximum CO mole fraction is often largely over-predicted by the models, whereas the depletion rate of CO past this peak is often over-estimated by the models for pressures above 1 atm. This study demonstrates the need to improve on the accuracy of the HCCO reactions involved in CO formation for pressures of practical interest for the gas turbine industry.
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Glaude, P. A., O. Mahier, V. Warth, R. Fournet, M. Moliere et I. Hu. « Gas Turbines in Alternative Fuel Applications : How to Predict the Stability of Olefin-Containing Process Gases ». Dans ASME Turbo Expo 2003, collocated with the 2003 International Joint Power Generation Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2003-38462.

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Throughout the history of combustion engines, the Heavy Duty Gas Turbine stands out as the most fuel-flexible prime mover in the field. This gas turbine (GT) is suited for a rich portfolio of gaseous fuels that include: natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, coal and biomass-derived syngases, and a great variety of process gases with diverse compositions (hydrogen, carbon monoxide, olefins, etc.). Process gas fuels provide a promising array of alternative fuel opportunities in the major sectors of the industry such as the Coal, Oil & Gas, Steel, Chemical and Petrochemical branches. In an increasingly uncertain fuel environment, this significant match between gas turbine capabilities and the energy schemes of industrial plants can lead to further business opportunities.
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Suzanne, Guillaume, Amir Soltani, Sebastien Charonnat et Eric Delamaide. « Use of Numerical Simulation Enhanced by Machine Learning Techniques to Optimize Chemical EOR Application ». Dans ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211400-ms.

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Abstract Leveraging the recent developments in the Machine Learning (ML) technology, the objective of this work was to use Artificial Neural Networks to build proxy models to classical reservoir simulation tools for two distinct chemical EOR applications. Once built and calibrated (trained), these ML-based proxy models were used to efficiently identify optimal scenarios to be further considered in the corresponding EOR developments, therefore demonstrating how these techniques can complement classical tools to enhance the decision-making process. Two numerical simulation models were built and calibrated to reproduce lab-measured data from a real surfactant-polymer coreflood experiment (Application #1) or historical data from a real oilfield (Application #2). Different scenarios were then simulated: Application #1: various sequences of injection were explored (chemical concentrations and slug sizes)Application #2: different surfactant-polymer injection configurations were investigated on a large-scale multi-pattern configuration Simulated outputs were used to train Artificial Neural Network models, which were checked for their predictivity on unseen data. These ML-based proxy models were finally used to rapidly identify other optimal scenarios for each application based on several economic indicators. For the first application, numerical model calibration was obtained using one real coreflood experiment: measured pressure signal was well reproduced by the simulator, as well as oil and surfactant production. Several numerical simulations were then performed to evaluate the oil recovery from different injection sequences. Both surfactant and polymer concentrations were varied as well as the slug's durations. For the second application, a history-matched sector model representing the current status of a real oilfield after several years of waterflooding was used. Several scenarios were simulated to evaluate oil recovery associated with distinct sequences of EOR injection consisting of surfactant and polymer agents of various slug volumes and concentrations. Using a train/test split approach, 80% of the simulations were used to train one Artificial Neural Network for each application. The remaining simulations (20%), used as blind tests, confirmed the predictivity of the trained models on unseen data. The ANN models were finally used to predict outcomes from new scenarios not investigated by numerical simulation. This enabled us to identify optimal scenarios with regards to classical economic indicators. These scenarios were then numerically simulated to confirm the predictions from the ANN models, therefore validating the whole approach. This work illustrates how modern machine learning techniques such as Artificial Neural Networks can be used to enhance the numerical simulation tool while solving specific optimization problems (here related to chemical EOR application). Such techniques, becoming increasingly accessible thanks to open-source programming languages, provide a powerful lever to become more efficient when using reservoir simulators as a tool to guide decision-making processes in the oil industry.
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