Thèses sur le sujet « Characterization techniques for microelectroniq »
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Vavrille, Benjamin. « Développement d'une méthode innovante de mesures des propriétés thermomécaniques de films minces. Application à un dispositif imageur ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023GRALI126.
Texte intégralPolymers are very widespread in microelectronics. In addition to their relevant electrical and optical properties for integration, their thermomechanical properties generally exhibit a high contrast with semiconductor substrates, but also with other materials also integrated into microchips, like oxides or metals. This mismatch between materials generally leads to a sharp increase of stresses in the various layers under consideration, which in returns results of a sharp increase in the wafer curvature. Excessive stresses can lead to cracking or delamination, threatening the mechanical integrity of the structure. Knowing the properties of each layer, especially polymer films, enables designers to verify the compatibility of integrated materials and guarantee component reliability. However, to achieve this goal, it is mandatory to develop characterization techniques, especially for thin films deposited on substrates.Thus, the aim of this work is to develop an experimental method to determine the thermomechanical properties of integrated layers, and then to verify the mechanical integrity of microelectronic devices using analytical or numerical simulation tools. This method is based on measuring the variation of curvature during thermal cycles. Then the completion of the polymer cross-linking process can be checked and its temperature of glass transition can be determined. By measuring the thermally induced curvature of two distinct substrates with the same deposited polymer material, the biaxial modulus and the coefficient of thermal expansion of the film are determined. By characterizing a large number of polymers using this technique, we can build up a materials database that can be supplemented with other integrated materials. These data are used in modeling to predict the strain and stress levels of several devices used in microelectronics.In particular, we will study the case of image sensors by performing a predictive calculation of strain and stress distributions of stacks in order to examine the compatibility of different materials. We will also work on the mechanical integrity of these devices, to guarantee their manufacture and reliability over time. We will show that the material selection is eased by structural modeling and a method to study crack initiation and propagation using numerical models
Py, Matthieu. « A study of interfaces and nanostructures by time of flight mass spectrometry : towards a spatially resolved quantitative analysis ». Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00721832.
Texte intégralNeelamraju, Bharati. « Characterization Techniques for Photonic Materials ». Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/613403.
Texte intégralBosley, Amber L. « Algae Characterization and Processing Techniques ». University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1321538296.
Texte intégralFRANCO, CAROLINE SOUSA. « GLASS ELECTROTHERMAL POLING AND CHARACTERIZATION TECHNIQUES ». PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2004. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=5435@1.
Texte intégralERICSSON DO BRASIL
É possível criar uma não-linearidade de segunda ordem em amostras de sílica a partir do processo de polarização. Essas amostras vítreas com o X(2) induzido potencialmente podem ser utilizadas na fabricação de componentes como moduladores ópticos e dobradores de freqüência. O processo de polarização eletrotérmica utiliza alta tensão e alta temperatura e forma uma região de depleção de íons (camada de depleção) onde um campo elétrico intenso é gravado de forma permanente dentro da amostra. Neste trabalho, foram utilizadas diferentes técnicas de caracterização para medir a extensão dessa camada e os resultados foram comparados. As técnicas escolhidas foram: Ataque Químico Interferométrico (com ácido fluorídrico), Maker Fringe, Microscopia Óptica e de Força Atômica e Ataque Interferométrico com Medida de Segundo Harmônico em Tempo Real. Além disso, foram feitos alguns estudos paralelos visando à otimização e a reprodutibilidade do processo de polarização. Foram realizadas dessa forma análises sobre o material dos eletrodos utilizados e sobre a influência da condição inicial da superfície da amostra antes da polarização.
It is possible to create a second order non linearity in silica samples with the poling process. The glass samples with an induced X(2) have a potential application on the fabrication of optical devices such as modulators and frequency converters. In the electrothermal poling process, high voltage and high temperature are applied to the samples forming an ion depleted region (depletion layer), where an intense electric field is permanently recorded. In this work, several characterization techniques have been utilized to measure the width of the depletion layer and compared the obtained results. The chosen techniques were: Interferometric Etching, Maker Fringe, Optical and Atomic Force Microscopy and the Interferometric Etching with Real Time Second Harmonic Measurement. In addition to this, we performed other studies aiming the optimization and reproducibility of the poling process. In this way, we analyzed the material used for the electrodes and the influence of the initial condition of the sample surface before poling.
Damianou, Christakis 1964. « Characterization techniques for contaminated gate oxide ». Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278760.
Texte intégralStangoni, Maria Virginia. « Scanning probe techniques for dopant profile characterization / ». [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=16024.
Texte intégralXia, Huiyong. « Materials characterization using novel ion beam techniques ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ28531.pdf.
Texte intégralWisell, David. « Measurement Techniques for Characterization of Power Amplifiers ». Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : KTH School of Electrical Engineering, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4566.
Texte intégralGeorge, Lindsay. « Characterization of Unsaturated Soils Using Acoustic Techniques ». ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2009. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/91.
Texte intégralShukla, Anuj. « Characterization of microemulsions using small angle scattering techniques ». [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=969395817.
Texte intégralLakshminarayanan, S. « Process characterization and control using multivariate statistical techniques ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/nq21588.pdf.
Texte intégralPotvin-Trottier, Laurent. « Temporal frequency image correlation techniques : development and characterization ». Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=110729.
Texte intégralLe transport et l'adressage de protéines sont des procédés essentiels pour la cellule; leur compréhension est donc primordiale. La spectroscopie de corrélation spatio-temporelle d'images (spatio-temporal image correlation spectroscopy, STICS) permet la quantification de l'amplitude et de la direction du débit de protéines fluorescentes à l'intérieur de cellules vivantes. Ceci est possible à l'aide du calcul de la fonction de corrélation spatio-temporelle d'une série d'images acquises à l'aide d'un microscope à fluorescence standard. Par contre, cette technique est souvent limitée par de hautes concentrations de particules immobiles. De nouvelles méthodes pour surmonter ce problème seront développées dans ce mémoire. Nous commencerons par développer un cadre théorique pour les fonctions de corrélation spatio-temporelle. Ceci nous permet de généraliser facilement les méthodes pour prendre en compte des dynamiques plus complexes, mais, surtout, ceci constitue la base pour nos nouvelles techniques. La plupart de ces méthodes partagent une caractéristiques communes: elles utilisent les fréquences temporelles afin de séparer les populations possédant des propriétés de transport différentes. En effet, les dynamiques lentes sont situées dans la région des basses fréquences, permettant ainsi l'extraction de dynamiques rapides de populations minoritaires. La première approche que nous proposons se base sur la théorie du traitement de signal à temps discret. Nous utilisons un filtre passe-haut de type Butterworth de premier ordre (réponse à une impulsion infinie, infinite-impulse response, IIR) appliqué sur chaque pixel afin de sélectionner les dynamiques recherchées dans nos données. À l'aide d'une analyse adimensionnelle, nous montrons une première approximation de l'effet de ce filtre sur des populations de flux et de diffusion. Une analyse alternative est d'isoler la partie asymétrique de la fonction de corrélation, puisque seulement les populations de flux s'y retrouvent.La deuxième approche est d'inspecter directement l'espace des fréquences temporelles, ou l'espace nu. Deux nouveaux espaces d'analyse sont présentés, la spectroscopie de corrélation d'images dans l'espace nu (nu-space image correlation spectroscopy, nICS) et la spectroscopie de corrélation d'images dans l'espace k-nu (k-nu-space image correlation spectroscopy, knICS). Nous dérivons la forme de la fonction de corrélation pour des dynamiques simples pour knICS mais, dues à des difficultés analytiques, nous présentons seulement la forme de la fonction d'un flux pour nICS. Enfin, nous utilisons des simulations numériques afin de montrer la validité de nos approches en plus d'explorer les forces et les limites de chacune d'entre elles. Nous montrons qu'elles sont peu affectées par la concentration de particules immobiles, le bruit et les autres populations d'arrière-plan. Néanmoins, le ratio entre la vitesse et la diffusion pour une diffusion biaisée émerge comme une contrainte majeure. Deux nouveaux paramètres précédemment non accessibles aux techniques d'imagerie de corrélation sont extraits soit le coefficient de diffusion d'une diffusion biaisée ainsi que la densité de flux. Ce mémoire fournit de nouveaux outils d'imagerie de corrélation, complétant ainsi les techniques pré-existantes, qui promettent de faire la lumière sur le fonctionnement complexe des cellules.
LaPointe, Jamie. « Adaptive estimation techniques for resident space object characterization ». Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10250698.
Texte intégralThis thesis investigates using adaptive estimation techniques to determine unknown model parameters such as size and surface material reflectivity, while estimating position, velocity, attitude, and attitude rates of a resident space object. This work focuses on the application of these methods to the space situational awareness problem.
This thesis proposes a unique method of implementing a top-level gating network in a dual-layer hierarchical mixture of experts. In addition it proposes a decaying learning parameter for use in both the single layer mixture of experts and the dual-layer hierarchical mixture of experts. Both a single layer mixture of experts and dual-layer hierarchical mixture of experts are compared to the multiple model adaptive estimation in estimating resident space object parameters such as size and reflectivity. The hierarchical mixture of experts consists of macromodes. Each macromode can estimate a different parameter in parallel. Each macromode is a single layer mixture of experts with unscented Kalman filters used as the experts. A gating network in each macromode determines a gating weight which is used as a hypothesis tester. Then the output of the macromode gating weights go to a top level gating weight to determine which macromode contains the most probable model. The measurements consist of astrometric and photometric data from non-resolved observations of the target gathered via a telescope with a charge coupled device camera. Each filter receives the same measurement sequence. The apparent magnitude measurement model consists of the Ashikhmin Shirley bidirectional reflectance distribution function. The measurements, process models, and the additional shape, mass, and inertia characteristics allow the algorithm to predict the state and select the most probable fit to the size and reflectance characteristics based on the statistics of the measurement residuals and innovation covariance. A simulation code is developed to test these adaptive estimation techniques. The feasibility of these methods will be demonstrated in this thesis.
Pathange, Lakshmi Prasad. « Characterization of protein microstructure by various chromatographic techniques ». Diss., Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26851.
Texte intégralPh. D.
Clinton, Jamie C. « Colloidal Cerium Oxide Nanoparticle : Synthesis and Characterization Techniques ». Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31065.
Texte intégralMaster of Science
Li, Linlin. « Microstructure characterization of polymers by modern NMR techniques ». University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1353000762.
Texte intégralBorkar, Neha. « Characterization of microporous membrane filters using scattering techniques ». University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1289943937.
Texte intégralMendes, José de Araújo. « Leather inspection and characterization using non-destructive techniques ». Thesis, University of Hull, 2000. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5624.
Texte intégralLaPointe, Jamie J., et Jamie J. LaPointe. « Adaptive Estimation Techniques for Resident Space Object Characterization ». Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623263.
Texte intégralWozniak, Mariusz. « Characterization of nanoparticle aggregates with light scattering techniques ». Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4818/document.
Texte intégralThis Ph.D. work provides and evaluates various solutions to characterize, with optical/electromagnetic methods nanoparticles and aggregates of nanoparticles found in suspensions, aerosols and dusty plasmas. Two main models are introduced to describe the morphology of particle aggregates with fractal-like (for particles in plasmas and combustion systems) and Buckyballs-like (aerosols, suspensions) shapes. In addition, the author proposes various solutions and methods (T-Matrix, Rayleigh type approximations) to calculate the scattering diagrams (optical structure factors) of fractal aggregates as well as algorithms to inverse extinction spectra. As a reference case for the performed analysis, several tools to describe the morphology of fractal aggregates from electron microscopy images have been also developed. The experimental validation carried out with the Light Extinction Spectrometry (LES) technique (for nano silica beads, tungsten, dusty plasma and silicon aggregates) clearly proves the validity of the algorithms developed as well as the potential of the LES technique
De, Leonardis Piero. « Preparation and characterization techniques for nano-structured materials ». Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/preparation-and-characterization-techniques-for-nanostructured-materials(5b5468e8-1fe7-4baa-b073-9ce51f2b280a).html.
Texte intégralWang, Xing. « Human motion sequence characterization using machine learning techniques / ». access full-text access abstract and table of contents, 2009. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/thesis.pl?mphil-cs-b23750492f.pdf.
Texte intégral"Submitted to Department of Computer Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy." Includes bibliographical references (leaves [152]-163)
Bányay, Dániel. « MLSurf : Surfer Motion Characterization Using Machine Learning Techniques ». Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-264921.
Texte intégralVågsurfing är en populär sport som kräver minimala finansiella investeringar, medan det kan vara roligt från första början. Samtidigt växer efterfrågan på smarta enheter som förbättrar sportupplevelsen genom att analysera och utvärdera aktiviteterna. För surfsport finns det några lösningar som kan samla in data om aktiviteter som utförs under en surfsession, men ingen av dem kan känna igen specifika manövrar som utförs under vågsurfing. Målet med denna uppsats är att förbättra en befintlig lösning för surfaktivitetsövervakning genom att utöka den med förmågan att identifiera de två vanligaste surfmanövren nämligen cutback och snap. Lösningen använder användarens smartphone för att samla IMU-sensordata och mata dem till en klassificeringspipeline. Den implementerade algoritmen tar råa sensordata som input, utför olika förbehandlingssteg, segmenterar input-strömmen, extraherar funktioner från dessa segment och matar in dem i ett hierarkiskt klassificeringsträd. Den implementerade pipeline kan klassificera non-maneuver-, cutback- och snapsegment med 78% noggrannhet på ett självsamlat dataset.
Xu, Ming. « Photoluminescence Techniques for the Characterization of Photovoltaic Interfaces ». Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS053/document.
Texte intégralSilicon solar cells remain the driving technology and dominate the photovoltaics market. Hydrogenated amorphous silicon/crystalline silicon (a-Si:H/c-Si) heterojunction cells achieve the best efficiency in silicon cells to date (25.6%). A great part of this achievement is assigned to the improvement of the passivation of the emitter/absorber interface. In that regard, luminescence techniques whether Photoluminescence (PL) or Modulated photoluminescence (MPL), are particularly appropriate to investigate surface defects and effective carrier lifetime.In this work, we developed a PL/MPL setup coupled to a helium cooled cryostat to the study of a-Si:H/c-Si heterojunctions. Considering the modulated nature of the MPL, we introduced the concept of steady state lifetime and differential lifetime. Through simulations, we analyzed different types of recombination mechanisms and found that the differential lifetime is lower than the steady state lifetime. We also benchmarked the lifetime determined by photoconductance decay measurements and the MPL lifetime and demonstrated that they are actually equal.We have analyzed various samples of a-Si:H/c-Si heterojunctions from multiple sources, particularly within the framework of the European project HERCULES (High Efficiency Rear Contact solar cells and Ultra powerful moduLES). The samples are composed of various doping and passivation layers such as AlOx, a-Si:H and a-SiC:H fabricated on high quality (n)c-Si wafers. The temperature dependent measurements show that the excess carrier lifetime decreases when temperature decreases, which is explained by the Shockley-Read-Hall recombination model at the heterojunction interface. The combination of PL and MPL measurements have enabled us to determine the radiative recombination coefficient in crystal silicon as a function of temperature. Our measurements have extended the original data to 20 K. We propose a fifth order polynomial of the radiative recombination coefficient as a function of temperature in the range of 20 to 300 K and it agrees very well to others’ work.We also investigated the possibility to extend the system to carry out PL and MPL mapping in order to extract the cell homogeneity and the lifetime distribution across the sample. We found that the optical property of sample has a significant impact on the PL mapping and could lead to incorrect conclusion with respect to the homogeneity. However the lifetime mapping from MPL produces imaging that is less prone to variation of optical properties.At last, we utilized the temperature dependent micro PL to investigate the coupling of InAs quantum dot chains (QDC) stacks grown on InGaAs cross hatch patterns separated with a 10 nm GaAs layer. The PL spectra are dominated by the top-most stack, indicating that the QDC layers are nominally uncoupled. However, under the high excitation power densities achievable with the micro PL system, when the high-energy peaks of the top stack are saturated, low-energy PL peaks from the bottom stacks emerge as a result of the carrier transfer across the GaAs spacers. These unique PL signatures contrast with the state-filling effects in conventional, coupled QD stacks and serve as a means to quickly assess the presence of electronic coupling in stacks of dissimilar-sized nanostructures
Maggio, Simona <1984>. « Analysis and modeling techniques for ultrasonic tissue characterization ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3333/1/maggio_simona_tesi.pdf.
Texte intégralCette thèse introduit de nouvelles techniques de traitement pour l’interprétation guidée d’images ultrasons, dans le but de soutenir le diagnostic médical. L’objectif pratique de ce travail est l’amélioration du protocole standard pour la biopsie de la prostate, en fournissant au médecin une carte visuelle sur l’écographie qui marque les régions potentiellement malignes. En ce qui concerne les techniques d’analyse, la contribution principale de cette thèse est l’introduction de la déconvolution comme étape de pré-traitement dans la procédure standard de caractérisation des tissus par ultrasons, afin d’améliorer la valeur diagnostique des caractéristiques du signal. Cette thèse présente, en outre, des innovations dans la modélisation du signal ultrason, en particulier la proposition d’un modèle autorégressif à moyenne glissante en temps continu (CARMA), le développement d’un nouvel estimateur au maximum de vraisemblance de paramètres CARMA fondé sur les splines exponentielles et la définition des paramètres CARMA comme des nouvelles caractéristiques du signal ultrason capables de capturer l’information sur la concentration de scatterers. Enfin, concernant l’utilité clinique des techniques développées, la contribution principale de cette recherche est dans la démonstration, au travers d’une étude médicale, de la possibilité de réduire concrètement le nombre d'échantillons prélevés pendant la biopsie de la prostate standard, en préservant le même pouvoir diagnostique du protocole biopsique standard.
Maggio, Simona <1984>. « Analysis and modeling techniques for ultrasonic tissue characterization ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3333/.
Texte intégralCette thèse introduit de nouvelles techniques de traitement pour l’interprétation guidée d’images ultrasons, dans le but de soutenir le diagnostic médical. L’objectif pratique de ce travail est l’amélioration du protocole standard pour la biopsie de la prostate, en fournissant au médecin une carte visuelle sur l’écographie qui marque les régions potentiellement malignes. En ce qui concerne les techniques d’analyse, la contribution principale de cette thèse est l’introduction de la déconvolution comme étape de pré-traitement dans la procédure standard de caractérisation des tissus par ultrasons, afin d’améliorer la valeur diagnostique des caractéristiques du signal. Cette thèse présente, en outre, des innovations dans la modélisation du signal ultrason, en particulier la proposition d’un modèle autorégressif à moyenne glissante en temps continu (CARMA), le développement d’un nouvel estimateur au maximum de vraisemblance de paramètres CARMA fondé sur les splines exponentielles et la définition des paramètres CARMA comme des nouvelles caractéristiques du signal ultrason capables de capturer l’information sur la concentration de scatterers. Enfin, concernant l’utilité clinique des techniques développées, la contribution principale de cette recherche est dans la démonstration, au travers d’une étude médicale, de la possibilité de réduire concrètement le nombre d'échantillons prélevés pendant la biopsie de la prostate standard, en préservant le même pouvoir diagnostique du protocole biopsique standard.
CIGANDA, LYL MERCEDES. « New Techniques for Reliability Characterization of Electronic Circuits ». Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2507391.
Texte intégralZUZUL, JOSIP. « Characterization of thunderstorm downburst winds through CFD techniques ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/1081542.
Texte intégralPlayez, Mickaël. « Titan atmosphere plasma characterization using spectroscopic measurement techniques ». Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ECAP1007.
Texte intégralDuring entry or aero-capture in the atmosphere of the Saturn’s satellite Titan, largeamounts of radiation are produced in the shock layer of a spacecraft. The design of theheat shield of this vehicle requires a precise assessment of the radiative heat flux impingingon it. We propose in this study an analysis of the radiation emitted in the spectral range350-1000 nm by a high temperature gas mixture with a composition representative of theTitan atmosphere composition. The plasma is produced in an Inductively Coupled Plasmawind tunnel. Emission spectroscopy measurements are performed for two different pressureconditions, 300 and 23 mbar, in order to produce equilibrium and non-equilibrium plasmas. The modelling of the plasma emission at equilibrium is performed and shown to agree tothe measured spectra on a absolute scale for the high-pressure case. The use of the samemodel for the analysis of the low-pressure case provides evidence of departure from equilibrium. Limitations of the implemented procedure are observed. They are due to unresolved fluctuations of the plasma source
Anger, Sabrina. « Potential and challenges of compound semiconductor characterization by application of non-contacting characterization techniques ». Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-201487.
Texte intégralAlthough the electronic properties of compound semiconductors exceed those of Silicon, the performance of respective electronic devices still is limited. This is due to the presence of various growth-induced defects in compound semiconductors. In order to satisfy the economic demand of an improved insight into limiting defects this thesis contributes to a better understanding of material inherent defects in commonly used Indium Phosphide (InP) and Silicon Carbide (SiC) by revealing their effects on electronic and optical material properties. On that account various complementary electrical and optical characterization techniques have been applied to both materials. Most of these techniques are non-contacting and non-destructive. So, in principle they are qualified for routine application. Characterization results that are obtained with these techniques are shown to either confirm published results concerning defects in InP and SiC or beneficially complement them. Thus, in particular the potential of electrical characterization by MDP and MD-PICTS measurements is proofed. Both techniques have been applied for the first time for defect characterization of InP and SiC during these studies. The respective experiments are complemented by a theoretical consideration of the corresponding signal development mechanism in order to develop an explanation approach for occasionally occurring experimental imperfection also arising during silicon characterization from time to time
Venkatesan, Sriram. « SURFACE TEXTURES FOR ENHANCED LUBRICATION : FABRICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION TECHNIQUES ». Lexington, Ky. : [University of Kentucky Libraries], 2005. http://lib.uky.edu/ETD/ukymeen2005t00274/Venkatesan%5FThesis.pdf.
Texte intégralTitle from document title page (viewed on November 9, 2005). Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 85 p. : ill. Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-84).
Kotte, Timo Oliver. « Application of Image Processing Techniques for Lamb Wave Characterization ». Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/4787.
Texte intégralSaberi, Rezmin. « Characterization of femoral prostheses using refined holographic interferometric techniques ». Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311927.
Texte intégralKozan, Mehmet. « CHARACTERIZATION OF COLLOIDAL NANOPARTICLE AGGREGATES USING LIGHT SCATTERING TECHNIQUES ». UKnowledge, 2007. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/567.
Texte intégralDai, Sheng. « Natural hydrate-bearing sediments : Physical properties and characterization techniques ». Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/52186.
Texte intégralBruce, Elizabeth J. (Elizabeth Jane) 1972. « The characterization of particle clouds using optical imaging techniques ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/58860.
Texte intégralIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 70-71).
Optical imaging techniques can be used to provide a better understanding of the physical properties of particle clouds. The purpose of this thesis is to design, perform and evaluate a set of experiments using optical imaging techniques to characterize parameters such as shape factor and entrainment coefficient which govern the initial descent phase of particle clouds in water. Several different aspects of optical imaging are considered and evaluated such as the illumination, camera, and data acquisition components. A description of the experimental layout and procedure are presented along with a description of the image processing techniques used to analyze the data collected. Results are presented from a set of experiments conducted with particle sizes ranging from 250 to 980um. A shape factor is used to demonstrate how the cloud's shape changes from approximately spherical to approximately hemispherical over depth. The entrainment coefficient is shown to vary both as a function of depth and particle size diameter. The experimental cloud velocity is compared to the output of a simplified version of the model, STFATE, used to simulate the short term fate of dredged materials in water. This analysis provides a method of evaluating the experimental results and examining the feasibility of using the experimental data to refine the input parameters to the model.
by Elizabeth J. Bruce.
M.Eng.
Pretorius, Nadine Odette. « Multidimensional analytical techniques for the characterization of aliphatic polyesters ». Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80127.
Texte intégralENGLISH ABSTRACT: Complex polymers are defined by their distributive properties with respect to molecular weight, chemical composition, functionality and molecular topology. As a result, polymer properties are very frequently determined not only by one of these entities but by the correlation of two or more distributions. Aliphatic polyesters are industrially implemented in high performance coatings, paints and varnishes. However, it is typically difficult to correlate the resulting properties with the synthesis parameters as these polymers vary in reactivity and application properties. Copolyester synthesis by direct polyesterification is often assumed to produce randomized products due to the mechanisms involved in stepwise polymerization. The formation of cyclic products by intramolecular reactions of hydroxyl (OH) and carboxylic (COOH) functional groups, sidereactions such as transesterification, alcoholysis, and ester-ester interchange allow even further randomization, enabling a highly complex system. Therefore, in addition to molecular weight distribution, polyesters exhibit chemical composition, functionality type as well as branching distributions, classifying them as complex polymeric systems. The different methods of polymer chromatography in combination with sophisticated spectrometry techniques are useful tools for enabling the full description of the molecular heterogeneity of these complex polyesters. The present study entails method development of different modes of chromatography and mass spectrometry along with their combination, to facilitate the analysis of the various distributions of two model polyester systems, phthalic and maleic anhydride, respectively, in combination with propylene glycol. Gradient HPLC analysis enabled an oligomeric separation based on chemical composition of the respective anhydride/propylene glycol samples. Its off-line coupling to MALDITOF MS and ESI-QTOF MS revealed the presence of several distributions of varying endgroup functionality type and molecular weight distributions at different intervals throughout the polymerization. In addition, online gradient HPLC x size exclusion chromatography (2D-LC) was conducted to obtain the dual chemical composition-molecular weight (CCD-MWD) distribution. The combination of the different coupling techniques provided the opportunity to a more in-depth analysis of the structure-property relationships.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Komplekse polimere word gedefinieer deur hul verdelings eienskappe ten opsigte van molekulêre massa, chemiese samestelling, funksionaliteit en molekulêre topologie. Gevolglik, word hul eienskappe dikwels bepaal deur nie net een van hierdie entiteite nie, maar ‘n korrelasie van twee of meer verdelings. Alifatiese poliësters word industrieel geϊmplimenteer in hoë werkverrigting bestrykings, verwe en politoere, dog is dit tipies moeilik om die uiteinde eienskappe met die verwante sintese parameters te korrelleer, aangesien die polimere varieer in reaktiviteit en toepassingseienskappe. Ko-poliëster sintese vanaf direkte poliësterivering word dikwels aanvaar om willekeurige produkte op te lewer as gevolg van die meganismes wat betrokke is tydens trapgroei polimerisasie. Die produsering van sikliese produkte weens intra-molekulêre reaksies van hidroksiel(OH) en karboksiel (COOH) verwante funksionele groepe, newereaksies soos transverestering, alkoholise en ester-ester verwisseling, het verdere ewekansigmaking tot gevolg wat ‘n hoog gekomplekseerde sisteem tot gevolg het. Benewens die molekulere massa verdeling, vertoon poliësters dus chemiese samestelling, funksionaliteit tipe so wel as vertakkings verdeling wat hul as komplekse polimeer sisteme klassifiseer. Die verskillende metodes van polimeer chromatografie in kombinasie met gesofistikeerde spektrometriese tegnieke dien as nuttige bronne vir die volledige beskrywing wat betref die molekulêre heterogeniteit van komplekse poliesters. Die huidige studie stel metode ontwikkeling van verskillende modus van chromatografie, massa spektrometrie sowel as hul aaneenvoeging bekend, om die die verskillende verdelings van twee model poliester sisteme, ftaal- en maleϊensuuranhidried onderskeidelik in kombinasie met propileenglikol, suksesvol te analiseer. Gradiënt hoë-druk vloeistof chromatografie (HPLC) analise het ‘n oligomeriese skeiding, gebaseer op die chemiese samestelling van die verskeie anhidried /propileenglikol monsters, opgelewer. Die nie-gekoppelde skakeling met matriks-assisteerdelaser/ desorpsie-ionisasie tyd-van-vlug (MALDI-TOF) en elektron-sproei-ionisasie kwadrupool-tyd-van-vlug (ESI-QTOF) massa spektrometrie het die teenwoordigheid van verskeie verdelings van varieërende endgroep funksionaliteit tipe en molekulêre verdelings by verskillende intervalle tydens die polimerisasie aan die lig gebring. Gekoppelde skakeling van gradient HPLC en grootte uitsluitings chromatografie is ook uitgevoer om die tweedelige chemiese samestelling-molekulere massa verdeling te bepaal. Aaneenvoeging van die verskeie skakelings tegnieke het die geleentheid gebied om ‘n deeglike studie van die struktuureienskappe verhoudinge suksesvol uit te voer.
Lin, Lin. « Development of characterization techniques for negative bias temperature instabilities ». Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2012. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/6108/.
Texte intégralVoulgaris, Georgios. « Techniques for content-based image characterization in wavelets domain ». Thesis, University of South Wales, 2008. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/techniques-for-contentbased-image-characterization-in-wavelets-domain(14c72275-a91e-4ba7-ada8-bdaee55de194).html.
Texte intégralMandadi, Bharath Kumar Reddy. « Advanced Object Characterization and Monitoring Techniques Using Polarimetric Imaging ». University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1243780947.
Texte intégralChung, Jae-Young. « Broadband Characterization Techniques for RF Materials and Engineered Composites ». The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1269542888.
Texte intégralSawan, Hisham. « Experimental Techniques for Characterization of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy ». The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1397743523.
Texte intégralRosa, Nunes Danilo. « Synthesis of organogels and characterization by X-ray techniques ». Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS006.
Texte intégralOrganogels are a particular type of gels formed in organic liquids by a supramolecular polymer network. These materials mainly differ from other classes of gels due to the nature of their network. Low molecular weight gelators (LMWG) tend to self-aggregate in a preferential direction. This leads to the formation of elongated structures, mainly fibers, that by continuous evolution of the assembly process form an entangled Self-Assembled Fibrillar Network (SAFIN). This mechanism of self-assembly is led by non-covalent interactions like hydrogen-bonding, π–π stacking, donor–acceptor interactions, metal coordination and van der Waals interactions. Forming a network only based on weak interactions highly affects the structural integrity, making organogels metastable and thermoreversible.There is a wide structural variety of organogelators that makes them such an interesting type of materials, allowing a wide range of properties and applications. The main challenge with organogels is predicting which gelator is capable of gelating which liquid. Therefore, the discovery of new organogelators is still mainly the result of serendipity and their gelation abilities are usually probed by exhaustive trial and error processes. Thus, arises a need to develop a methodology capable to decrease time and expenses when researching new organogelators or tuning their proprieties.This thesis contains two main experimental approaches. The first focuses on the determination of the molecular packing of organogelators within the fibers by scattering techniques. The second approach consists in the optimization of a methodology based on Hansen solubility parameters, that can be used to rationalize organogel formation. The combination of these two tools has allowed to study the effect that a structural alteration of the gelator has on organogelation. Five families of organogelators were synthesized with linear alkyl chains at different lengths. From these five families we could determine the crystal packing for three of them. These families show a regular evolution of the gelation sphere that is coherent with the crystal packing. Thus, for these families the prediction of the gelation spheres is possible. The remaining two families of organogelators presented and erratic evolution of gelation and it was not possible to accurately determinate the crystal packing. This behavior is probably due to small differences in the crystal habit between all members of the family
Che, Idris Azam. « Characterization of high speed inlets using global measurement techniques ». Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/characterization-of-high-speed-inlets-using-global-measurement-techniques(ca8b687b-aff0-4b50-892f-897a962e22ba).html.
Texte intégralWilson, Jacob E. « CHARACTERIZATION OF ROTARY BELL ATOMIZERS THROUGH IMAGE ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES ». UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/me_etds/115.
Texte intégralBelluce, Maddalena <1979>. « Development and characterization of micromachined devices for separation techniques ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5843/1/Belluce_Maddalena_tesi.pdf.
Texte intégralBelluce, Maddalena <1979>. « Development and characterization of micromachined devices for separation techniques ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5843/.
Texte intégralRossi, Matteo. « Non invasive hydrogeophysical techniques for vadose zone hydrological characterization ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3427485.
Texte intégralL’idrogeofisica è una disciplina che è emersa ed ha avuto un importante sviluppo nelle ultime due decadi. Lo scopo di questa disciplina è la caratterizzazione idrologica ed idrogeologica del sottosuolo attraverso tecniche geofisiche non invasive. Le tecniche di campionamento convenzionali sono di norma spazialmente distribuite ed acquisite ad una scala impropria. Le tecniche geofisiche invece permettono indagini spazialmente più fitte in 2D o 3D. Il presente lavoro si focalizza sulla caratterizzazione idrologica della zona vadosa. I dati ottenuti dalle tecniche geofisiche possono essere utilizzati per calibrare modelli fisico matematici del flusso nella zona del non-saturo. Tale approccio idrogeofisico è basato su relazioni petrofisiche che legano le quantità geofisiche con le variabili idrologiche. Il classico approccio idrogeofisico parte dalle misure geofisiche per ottenere una stima di parametri idrologici, che a loro volta vengono impiegati in modelli idraulici in grado di fornire ulteriori proprietà del sistema idraulico del sottosuolo. I modelli idrologici vengono successivamente validati e calibrati con i risultati delle inversioni geofisiche in time-lapse. Questo approccio prevede l’inversione del dato geofisico, metodo che può portare ad immagini del sottosuolo che contengono artefatti e che non tengono conto della risoluzione della tecnica applicata. Un approccio differente prevede che ai parametri stimati dai modelli idraulici siano applicate le relazioni petrofisiche, al fine di tradurre le quantità idrologiche in quantità geofisiche. A questo punto la simulazione di modelli geofisici diretti permette un confronto immediato con i dati misurati, senza l’ausilio dell’inversione geofisica. Il presente lavoro è suddiviso in due parti. La prima parte è centrata sulla caratterizzazione idrologica dello stato stazionario iniziale attraverso misure radar (GPR). Lo scopo principale del lavoro è quello di quantificare quanto le misure GPR a zero offset profiling (ZOP) siano informative delle geometrie del sottosuolo e delle relative condizioni di contenuto idraulico dei materiali. Questo lavoro è essenziale per ottenere una stima del contenuto idrico del sottosuolo e della relativa incertezza che ne deriva, poiché tali stime sono il punto di partenza delle simulazioni idrauliche. La seconda parte del lavoro è focalizzata sulla inversione idrogeofisica di un test con tracciante salino condotto ad Hatfield (UK). L’approccio idrogeofisico adottato è quello di simulare misure geofisiche direttamente dalla distribuzione dei parametri idrologici calcolati, per ottenere una calibrazione di quelle quantità idrologiche scopo della metodologia applicata. La ricostruzione dell’evoluzione di un plume iniettato nella zona vadosa è interessante ai fini di identificare i possibili percorsi di un contaminante nel sottosuolo. A tale scopo un codice di particle tracking è stato applicato ai risultati dell’inversione idrologica. Il codice di partcle tracking è in grado di distinguere i percorsi dell’acqua iniettata dall’acqua già presente nel sistema e movimentata del cambiamento di pressione in atto, ‘effetto pistone’. Le inversioni delle misure geofisiche non permettono di distinguere il fluido tracciante dai cambiamenti del contenuto idrico dei materiali adiacenti al plume iniettato.
Fernández, de Labastida Ventura Marc. « Development of novel techniques of advanced transport characterization of membranes ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669832.
Texte intégralL'optimització dels processos de separació amb membranes depèn d'una combinació de factors relacionats amb les propietats fisicoquímiques, l'estructura o la morfologia. Per tant, una caracterització acurada és fonamental en la investigació i desenvolupament de membranes. Aquesta tesi aborda dos problemes específics dels processos de separació amb membranes: la distribució de l'abast de la polarització per concentració (PC) sobre la superfície de la membrana als mòduls de membrana on la força impulsora és la pressió i l'obtenció d'informació diferenciada de les propietats cinètiques i d'equilibri en membranes de bescanvi iònic per a una millor comprensió dels mecanismes de transport d'ions. Les conseqüències de la inhomogeneïtat de la PC a l'hora d'interpretar les mesures del rebuig del solut es van il·lustrar qualitativament mitjançant un senzill model que descriu la PC localment en 1D combinat amb una distribució de probabilitats pel gruix de la capa límit. Ignorar la distribució a la PC subestima la PC dels soluts rebutjats positivament i sobreestima la PC per als rebutjats negativament. Aquest fet és especialment important en la nanofiltració, on es poden produir simultàniament rebuigs positius i negatius pronunciats per a soluts de diferents càrregues. Per tant, és desitjable reduir al màxim la inhomogeneïtat de la distribució de la PC als mòduls de membrana. Es va desenvolupar un nou disseny de mòdul per membranes basat en la clàssica configuració de disc rotatiu. Simulacions de dinàmics de fluids van demostrar que la PC es homogènia a la major part de la superfície de la membrana mentre que es van obtenir algunes desviacions esperables a prop de la vora de la membrana. A més, es va validar experimentalment estudiant la dependència del rebuig observat amb la velocitat de rotació i demostrant que el rebuig intrínsec es pràcticament independent. Posteriorment, es van obtenir les permeances iòniques mitjançant el model "Solution-diffusion-electro-migration" realitzant diferents estudis amb salts dominants (NaCl, MgCl2, Na2SO4 i MgSO4) més ions traça (Na+, NH4+, Cl- i NO3-) i amb mescles binàries de NaCl i MgCl2. D'altra banda, alguns experiments amb una cel·la de flux tangencial van demostrar que hi ha una filtració al llarg del suport porós de la membrana, fins i tot si aquesta esta recolzada per una superfície impermeable. Això es produeix a les zones perifèriques de la membrana, a causa de la pressurització del mòdul i contribueix a la inhomogeneïtat de la PC. Finalment, es va desenvolupar un nou mètode basat en la difusió no estacionària en condicions de diferències de concentració relativament petites per determinar la difusió i els coeficients de partició, a més de la permselectivitat iònica, que és l'únic paràmetre disponible a partir de les mesures convencionals del potencial de membrana en estat estacionari. Una membrana de bescanvi iònic recolzada per un suport relativament gruixut i porós es col·loca en una cel·la agitada de dos compartiments. La concentració de sal en un compartiment es manté estacionària durant l'experiment mentre que a l'altre compartiment, la solució inicial és substitueix ràpidament per una solució de concentració diferent. Així, hi ha una resposta elèctrica depenent de temps a causa d'una redistribució progressiva de la diferència de concentració aplicada entre la membrana i el suport porós degut a les diferents selectivitats iòniques entre ambdós medis. Les dades experimentals es van ajustar a un model matemàtic que descriu els fenòmens de transport en estat transitori, incloent la osmosis, ja que es va observar que contribueix significativament en les mesures. La permeabilitat osmòtica es va determinar paral·lelament. La velocitat de relaxació de la senyal obtinguda està controlada principalment per la difusió de la membrana, tot i que també es veu afectada pel coeficient de partició