Thèses sur le sujet « Characterization of plasmas »
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Gangoli, Shailesh Pradeep Gutsol Alexander Fridman Alexander A. « Design and preliminary characterization of the magnetically stabilized gliding arc discharge / ». Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/1860.
Texte intégralSchabel, Michael Joseph 1973. « Characterization of trapped particles in RF plasmas ». Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291600.
Texte intégralBIGANZOLI, ILARIA. « Characterization of atmospheric pressure plasmas for aerodynamic applications ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/53249.
Texte intégralEllsworth, Jennifer L. « Characterization of low-frequency density fluctuations in dipole-confined laboratory plasmas ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62691.
Texte intégralCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 161-167).
Low-frequency fluctuations of plasma density, floating potential, ion saturation current, visible light intensity, and edge magnetic field are routinely observed in the Levitated Dipole Experiment (LDX). For the purposes of this thesis, we define low-frequency as W << Wbe where Wbe is the electron bounce frequency. These fluctuations in a laboratory dipole confined plasma lead to turbulence mixing that maintain peaked density profiles. The relationship between the different types of low-frequency fluctuations and plasma density transport is considered. Two 16-channel photodiode arrays were designed and constructed to study the spatial and temporal structure of these fluctuations as part of this dissertation. In addition to the photodiode arrays, a four-channel microwave interferometer is used to estimate the density profile and to measure density fluctuations in the plasma. Several electrostatic probes, including a 24-channel floating probe array, measure fluctuations at the plasma edge and eight Mirnov coils measure magnetic fluctuations. The fluctuations fall into three general categories: broadband, turbulent fluctuations observed during nearly all plasma conditions; quasi-coherent fluctuations with low azimuthal mode numbers and peak frequencies on the order 1 kHz observed during discharges with low neutral pressure; and coherent fluctuations with zero toroidal mode number and peak frequencies on the order of 100 Hz, observed during discharges with moderate neutral fueling. The relationship between time-averaged fluctuation characteristics and plasma parameters are explored. The spatial structure of the fluctuations for several representative shots are discussed. The turbulent fluctuations and concurrent density profiles are compared to quasilinear diffusion of interchange mixing in dipolar plasmas for cases where the fluctuations are random. I show that the quasilinear diffusion equation agrees well with the experimental observations of random fluctuations, supporting the conclusion that interchange mixing is causing inward transport that results in peaked density profiles. For other cases, where nonlinear effects appear to dominate the plasma dynamics, the saturated fluctuation amplitudes are compared to the plasma density profiles.
by Jennifer L. Ellsworth.
Ph.D.
Fassina, Alessandro. « Thermal and transport characterization of rfp plasmas from electron temperature data ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3427058.
Texte intégralIl presente lavoro sviluppa una caratterizzazione dei plasmi RFP dal punto di vista termico e di trasporto; in particolare vengonodiscussi i seguenti punti: -lo sviluppo della diagnostica di Thomson Scattering di bordo per la misura della temperaturea elettronica; -lo sviluppo del sistema di laser blow off per l'iniezione di impurezze e lo studio del loro trasporto -l'analisi degli stati elicoidali negli RFP, in termini di caratteristiche termiche e di confinamento, negli esperimenti RFX-mod(Padova) e MST(Madison-WI)
Ferioli, Francesco. « Experimental characterization of laser-induced plasmas and application to gas composition measurements ». College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2953.
Texte intégralThesis research directed by: Mechanical Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
Mavadat, Maryam. « Characterization of biomedical used plasmas by IR and UV-VIS emission spectroscopy ». Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30780/30780.pdf.
Texte intégralPlasma surface modification is a widely used technique for improving the surface properties of polymers through the introduction of different functional groups. In the current research project, different methods to improve the characterization techniques of N2 and N2-H2 microwave discharge were investigated with the aim of optimizing the plasma surface process. First of all, a number of plasma parameters were measured at different process conditions. To determine the plasma parameters, optical emission spectroscopy was used not only within the well-documented UV-Visible region but also within the rarely studied infrared zone. Using infrared optical emission spectroscopy is advantageous as it eliminates the strong overlap between atomic and molecular transitions as well as the low intensity UV-Visible emission spectroscopy limitations. In the next step, the PTFE surface chemical composition was analyzed via XPS to quantify the concentrations of carbon, fluorine, and nitrogen after a plasma treatment in a N2-H2 gaseous environment. The XPS analyses were also performed after chemical derivatization to quantify the surface concentration of amino groups (%NH2) at different process conditions. The above-mentioned results were used to correlate process conditions and microwave N2-H2 discharge parameters to the chemical composition of the modified PTFE. The purpose was to determine the external plasma parameters and species present within the plasma which play a key role in the introduction of amino groups to the polymer surface. Furthermore, a mathematical model was developed using the Partial Least Squares Regression, (PLSR) using custom scripts written in MATLAB. A data set of input variables including the process conditions and plasma parameters for each experiment were generated along with the corresponding response matrix which in turn contained the surface properties of the film. The resulting database was used to build the relationship between the plasma parameters, process condition and the resulting film surface chemistry. This ultimately enabled to predict the PTFE surface chemistry from data originating from the plasma, without having to proceed to post-plasma surface characterization.
Hofmans, Marlous. « Experimental characterization of helium plasma jets ». Thesis, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAX062.
Texte intégralThis thesis studies an atmospheric pressure helium plasma jet that is powered by positive, unipolar pulses at a kHz frequency. Experiments are performed that focus on the propagation dynamics, flow structure and temperature in a freely expanding jet, as well as the influence of a metallic target on the plasma.Stark polarization spectroscopy yields an axial electric field of around 10 kV/cm in the capillary of the jet and an increase up to 20 kV/cm in the plume, which is constant for different amplitudes and durations of the applied voltage pulse. Thomson and rotational Raman scattering are used to determine the electron density and electron temperature, at different axial and radial positions, as well as the gas temperature and the density of N2 and O2 that are mixed into the helium from the surrounding air.Quantitative comparison of these experimental results with results from a 2D fluid model show a good agreement and allow for a better understanding of the obtained results, namely that the electric field in the ionization front depends linearly on the flow composition at that location. Schlieren imaging shows the onset of turbulent structures at high applied flow rates and at the application of the voltage pulses. The gas temperature, as measured by a temperature probe, is found to increase by around 12 C when the plasma is ignited and by around 25 C when a metallic target is placed in front of the jet
Fanara, C. « A Langmuir multi-probe system for the characterization of atmospheric pressure arc plasmas ». Thesis, Cranfield University, 2003. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/96.
Texte intégralMurad, Saad Kheder. « Characterization of dry etching processes of III-V semiconductors in silicon tetrachloride plasmas ». Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297037.
Texte intégralAskari, Sadegh. « Synthesis and characterization of si-based quantum confined nanoparticles by atmospheric pressure plasmas ». Thesis, Ulster University, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.646352.
Texte intégralPlayez, Mickaël. « Titan atmosphere plasma characterization using spectroscopic measurement techniques ». Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ECAP1007.
Texte intégralDuring entry or aero-capture in the atmosphere of the Saturn’s satellite Titan, largeamounts of radiation are produced in the shock layer of a spacecraft. The design of theheat shield of this vehicle requires a precise assessment of the radiative heat flux impingingon it. We propose in this study an analysis of the radiation emitted in the spectral range350-1000 nm by a high temperature gas mixture with a composition representative of theTitan atmosphere composition. The plasma is produced in an Inductively Coupled Plasmawind tunnel. Emission spectroscopy measurements are performed for two different pressureconditions, 300 and 23 mbar, in order to produce equilibrium and non-equilibrium plasmas. The modelling of the plasma emission at equilibrium is performed and shown to agree tothe measured spectra on a absolute scale for the high-pressure case. The use of the samemodel for the analysis of the low-pressure case provides evidence of departure from equilibrium. Limitations of the implemented procedure are observed. They are due to unresolved fluctuations of the plasma source
Chruszez, Olivier. « Caractérisation de matériaux plasmas pour la conception de fonctions hyperfréquences ». Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/15662/1/CHRUSZEZ.pdf.
Texte intégralHung, Yi-chen Hung. « Characterization of Nonequilibrium Reacting Molecular Plasmas and Flames using Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy ». The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1531930166735281.
Texte intégralLiang, Dong Cuan. « Development and characterization of atmospheric pressure radio frequency capacitively coupled plasmas for analytical spectroscopy ». Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30590.
Texte intégralScience, Faculty of
Chemistry, Department of
Graduate
Ozkan, Alp. « CO2 splitting in a dielectric barrier discharge plasma : understanding of physical and chemical aspects ». Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/239300.
Texte intégralCarbon dioxide appears as one of the most problematic gases for the environment, mostly because it is responsible for global warming. This is why its increasing concentration into the atmosphere, mainly due to anthropogenic activities, is a real concern for planet Earth. In order to prevent the release of large amounts of CO2, its conversion into value-added products is of great interest. In this context, plasma-based treatments using dielectric barrier discharges (DBDs) are nowadays more and more used for the conversion of this gas. In this thesis, we investigated the CO2 splitting process into CO and O2 via a flowing cylindrical DBD and we studied its conversion and energy efficiency by means of several diagnostic methods, such as mass spectrometry to determine the conversion and energy efficiency of the process, optical emission spectroscopy for gas temperature measurements, and an oscilloscope for electrical characterization, in order to obtain a better understanding of the CO2 discharge itself.First, we focused on an extensive experimental study of a pure CO2 plasma where different parameters were varied, such as the gas residence time, the operating frequency, the applied power, the pulsation of the AC signal, the thickness and the nature of the dielectric. CO2 discharges typically exhibit a filamentary behavior, consisting of many microdischarges, which act as the main source of reactivity in a DBD. A detailed insight in the physical aspects was achieved by means of an in-depth electrical characterization, allowing more insight in the electrical properties of the discharge and more specifically in the microdischarges, which are spread out throughout the active zone of the plasma. It was found throughout this work that the plasma voltage, which reflects the electric field and thus determines how the charged particles are accelerated, the plasma current, which reflects the electron density, but also the number of microdischarges and their average lifetime, play an important role in the efficiency of the CO2 dissociation process. It was revealed that the microdischarge number is important as it represents the repartition of the locations of reactivity. Indeed, as the microfilaments are more spread out in the same discharge volume, the probability for the CO2 molecules to pass through the reactor and interact with at least one microdischarge filament becomes more important at a larger number of microfilaments.The second part of the thesis was dedicated to discharges combining CO2 and H2O or CH4, both being hydrogen source molecules. The combined CO2/H2O or CO2/CH4 conversion allows forming value-added products like syngas (CO and H2), but also hydrocarbons (C2H6, C2H4, C2H2 and CH2O), at least in the presence of methane. Throughout this study, we tried to obtain a better knowledge of the chemistry and physic behind these conversion processes.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Miguel, Vaz Juliana. « Development and characterization of chitosan coatings by plasma-grafting for antibacterial surfaces ». Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28133.
Texte intégralThe risk of bacterial colonization on abiotic surfaces poses important challenges in various fields of science. In this scenario, antibacterial coatings were developed, using a large number of materials. The surface modification of polymeric materials allows to improve surface properties, facilitating the development of optimized materials with biological responses adapted or adaptable to the environment in which they will be implanted. Chitosan is a biopolymer with inherent antimicrobial activity which can be used in a wide variety of health care and industrial applications, making it particularly interesting for the development and application of novel functionalized materials, i.e. antibacterial properties. In this study, different types of chitosan were characterized according to their degree of deacetylation (DDA) and molecular weight (Mw), using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (¹³C NMR) and Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC), among others. The results obtained through these analyses revealed the great importance of the characterization of biopolymers since their properties can vary according to the production methods, which can influence its use as an application. Afterward, the methodology applied for the treatment and modification of surfaces using plasma, for the surface functionalization and grafting of molecules was validated. Initially, PTFE (poly(tetrafluoroethylene)) films were used to verify the efficiency of the proposed methodology for the treatment and surface modification. Three spacer molecules glutaric anhydride (GA), poly (ethylene glycol) bis (carboxymethyl) (PEGb) and poly (ethylene-alt-maleic anhydride) (PA), with different characteristics were used to covalently attach the chitosan coating to the aminated PTFE surfaces. Each step of the surface treatment was verified by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), through changes in chemical composition, by contact angle measurements and by colorimetry. The topographic and roughness changes after grafting were also observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and profilometry. These results demonstrated that the type of anchors has a greater influence on the coating process than the molecular weight of the different types of chitosan. To verify the antibacterial response of the different types of coatings obtained, tests were initially carried out using Xylella fastidiosa and revealed the potentiality of the substrates covered with chitosan. Tests using pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus were performed confirming the antibacterial behavior of PTFE-plasma-PA-CHIMW samples. These results encouraged the application of this methodology in PET (polyethylene terephthalate) substrate, a polymer widely used in the field of conventional textiles as well as in the production of hospital textiles and biomaterials. Thus, the plasma-grafting methodology developed in this study, for the production of chitosan coatings, can be applied to the production of surfaces where antibacterial activity is desired.
O risco da colonização bacteriana em superfícies abióticas impõe desafios importantes para os diversos campos da ciência. Neste cenário, revestimentos antibacterianos têm sido desenvolvidos, usando um grande número de diferentes materiais. A modificação da superfície de polímeros permite melhorar as suas propriedades, com vistas ao desenvolvimento de materiais com respostas biológicas adaptadas ou adaptáveis ao ambiente onde serão implantados. A quitosana é um biopolímero com atividade antimicrobiana o qual pode ser utilizado numa ampla variedade de aplicações de cuidados de saúde e industriais, tornando-a particularmente interessante para o desenvolvimento e aplicação de novos materiais funcionalizados, ou seja, com propriedades antibacterianas. Neste estudo, diferentes tipos de quitosana foram caracterizadas de acordo com o seu grau de desacetilação (DDA) e massa molar (Mw), através de técnicas como ressonância magnética nuclear (¹³C RMN) e cromatografia de exclusão de tamanho (SEC), entre outras. Os resultados obtidos através dessas análises revelaram a grande importância da caracterização de biopolímeros, uma vez que suas propriedades podem variar de acordo com os métodos de produção, o que pode influenciar no seu uso como aplicação. Em seguida, a metodologia aplicada para o tratamento e modificação de superfícies empregando as técnicas de plasma, para a funcionalização de superfícies e o grafting para a imobilização do recobrimento de quitosana foi validada. Inicialmente, filmes de PTFE (politetrafluoretileno) foram utilizados para verificar a eficácia da metodologia proposta para o tratamento e modificação de superfície. Três moléculas “ancoradoras” com diferentes características anidrido glutárico (GA), poli(etileno glicol) bis(carboximetil) (PEGb) e poli(anidrido etileno-alt-maleico) (PA), foram utilizadas visando ligar covalentemente o recobrimento de quitosana às superfícies de PTFE aminadas. Cada etapa do tratamento da superfície foi verificada por espectroscopia de fotoelétrons de raios-X (XPS), por medições de ângulo de contato e colorimetria sendo evidenciada as mudanças na composição química da superfície e sua molhabilidade. As alterações topográficas e de rugosidade após o grafting também foram observadas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e perfilometria. Esses resultados demonstraram que o tipo de molécula ancoradora tem uma influência primária no processo de produção dos recobrimentos seguido pela massa molecular dos diferentes tipos de quitosana. Para verificar a resposta antibacteriana dos diferentes tipos de recobrimentos obtidos, testes foram inicialmente realizados empregando a Xylella fastidiosa e revelaram a potencialidade dos substratos recobertos com quitosana. Assim, testes utilizando bactérias patogênicas como, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Staphylococcus aureus foram realizados confirmando o comportamento antibacteriano das amostras PTFE-plasma-PA-CHIMW. Esses resultados encorajaram a aplicação desta metodologia em um substrato de PET (polietileno tereftalato), um polímero muito usado no ramo de têxteis convencionais como também na produção de têxteis hospitalares e biomateriais, demonstrando assim, que a metodologia de plasma-grafting aplicada neste estudo, para a produção de recobrimentos de quitosana, pode ser usada para a produção de superfícies onde a atividade antibacteriana é desejada, ou seja, esses revestimentos podem fornecer uma barreira adicional e complementar à transmissão de patógenos, enquanto podem atuar combinados com procedimentos normais de limpeza e desinfecção.
RODRIGUEZ, GIL CAPOTE. « PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF HYDROGENATED AMORPHOUS CARBON THIN FILMS DEPOSITED IN METHANE PLASMAS DILUTED BY NOBLE GASES ». PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2003. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=4120@1.
Texte intégralNeste trabalho são apresentados os efeitos da diluição da atmosfera precursora de metano por três gases nobres (Ar, Ne e He) nas propriedades mecânicas e na microestrutura de filmes de carbono amorfo hidrogenado (a-C:H). Tanto a influência da diluição da atmosfera precursora de metano (para Vb=-350 V), como da variação da tensão de autopolarização (Vb) são estudadas. A influência da temperatura do substrato também é estudada para três temperaturas do substrato (250 K, 300 K e 420 K) em filmes depositados em atmosferas de 100% CH4 e 2% CH4+98% Ar. Os filmes foram depositados utilizando a técnica de Deposição Química na Fase Vapor Assistida por Plasma (PECVD). As propriedades mecânicas e estruturais foram investigadas com o uso das técnicas nucleares (retroespalhamento Rutherford e detecção de íons de recuo elástico), espectroscopia de absorção no infravermelho, espectroscopia Raman, microscopia de força atômica, medidas de ângulo de contacto, medidas de tensão interna (por perfilometria) e medidas da dureza (por nanoindentação). Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a diluição da atmosfera precursora de metano por gases nobres não induz modificações substanciais à microestrutura do filme ou às propriedades mecânicas. Pelo contrário, os resultados mostraram que tanto a composição, como a microestrutura e as propriedades mecânicas dos filmes são fortemente dependentes da energia de bombardeamento dos íons. Também foi observada uma dependência das propriedades mecânicas e estruturais dos filmes em função da temperatura do substrato. Resultados experimentais importantes e originais foram obtidos a partir da medida da rugosidade dos filmes usando microscopia de força atômica que sugerem uma transição nos mecanismos de formação dos filmes de a-C:H de predominantemente por adsorção/difusão para a predominância dos processos balísticos.
In this work, the effects of the dilution of the precursor methane atmosphere by three noble gases (Ar, Ne and He) on the mechanical properties and the microstructure of hydrogenated amorphous carbon films (a-C:H) are presented. The influence of the precursor atmosphere (for Vb=-350 V) and the variation of the self-bias voltage (Vb) are studied. The influence of the substrate temperature also is studied for three temperatures 250 K, 300 K and 420 K for films deposited in atmospheres of 100% CH4 and 2% CH4 + 98% Ar. The films were deposited by Plasma Enhance Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD). The mechanical and structural properties were investigated with the use of the nuclear techniques (Rutherford backscattering and elastic recoil detection analysis), infrared and Raman spectroscopies, atomic force microscopy, contact angle measurements, internal stress and hardness measurements. The results shown that the precursor atmosphere dilution by noble gases did not induce substantial modifications in the microstructure or in the mechanical properties of the films. On the other side, the results shown that the composition, the microstructure and the mechanical properties of the films are strongly dependent on the ion bombardment regime. The dependence of the mechanical and structural properties of the films as a function of the substrate temperature was also investigated. Experimental results had been obtained from the film roughness measurements using atomic force microscopy. These results suggest the transition from predominantly adsorption/diffusion mechanisms to the predominance of the ballistic processes in the formation mechanisms of the a- C:H films.
Kahalerras, Mohamed Khaled. « Caractérisation des matériaux piézoélectriques dédiés à la génération des décharges plasmas pour applications biomédicales ». Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018INPT0019/document.
Texte intégralDue to intensive development efforts during the past decade, piezoelectric transformers havebecome an attractive alternative solution compared to the con-ventionally used technologies forcold plasma generation. Their high efficiency, thin-shaped dimensions and low voltage supplymake them serious and original candidates for numerous low power applications, particularly inbiomedical field. Operating as a plasma generator, the electromechanical conversion within thetransformer is accompanied by mechanical and dielectric losses, often converted into heat. On topof these effects, the discharge is likely to influence the electrical behavior of the device. Thedynamic and highly non-linear evolution of the dis-charge leads to an unknown behavior ofelectrical properties. Consequently, the transformer supply stage is an active research subject inthe same way as the trans-former itself. Moreover, considering the configuration of the generationprocess, which positions the piezoelectric material as the source and the spot of the plasmadischarge, it becomes necessary to consider the viability of the device. The ioniza-tion of thegaseous environment surrounding the generator causes complex elec-tronic effects, which canlead to material deposition on the surface of the generator and thus modify or even degrade it. It iswithin this framework, at the interface between electrical engineering and material science, thatthis thesis is articulated. A first part is intended to develop a setup for numerical control of thedevice using a digital phase-locked loop to ensure its continuous operation in different operatingconditions. Subsequently, a model of the plasma generator in configurations close to dielectricbarrier discharges is proposed; Simulations allow an estimation of the discharge power from anexperimental identification of the model parameters. In a second part, we seek to establish acorrelation between the material structure and its electrical properties based on a multi-scalecharacterization methodology, before and after plasma discharge. The study focuses mainly onthe surface evolution in terms of the crystalline structure and the chemical composition, related tothe over-all properties of the piezoelectric transformer before and after discharge generation.Finally, a temperature study that concerns the investigation of the effects of self-heating of thegenerator in this operating mode is performed
Valinattajomran, Azadeh. « Characterization and the study of the behavior of transporting cold plasmas in dielectric capillary tubes and their applications ». Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066628.
Texte intégralWe have developed a transporting discharge source that can operate at atmospheric pressure. The device is working by using AC power supply with a frequency ranging between 1 to 10 kHz. The sawtooth waveform enabled the transport of discharge as long as 200 cm. The different parameters that affect the plasma delivery such as voltage of the waveforms, tube diameter and electrode configuration were investigated. The electronically excited and active species inside and outside of the plasma channel were characterized by Optical Emission Spectroscopy. The electrical and temporal characteristics of the plasma, discharge power and charges on the sample were investigated. The propagation of transporting discharge with multi-jets and a single jet with the same cross-sectional area has been compared. Also, E.coli bacteria were exposed to the transporting discharge multijets and single jet for different time durations.The potential of the transported discharge for the surface treatment of polymers and deposition of thin films has been investigated. Two different precursors namely TEOS, and DEGME have been employed for the elaboration of thin organic coatings by introducing the precursors inside and at the exit of the capillary tube. The PEG like coatings obtained in the case of DEGME on PolyStyrene films showed for particular operating conditions nonadhesive coatings with respect to Ovary Carcinoma Celles. In order to study the surface modification effects of the discharge, the Ultra High Molecular Weight PolyEthylene was used as the substrate in the two different configurations. The results show that besides the oxydation of the UHMWPE, crosslinking takes place
Malik, Nadeem Ahmed. « Optical characterization of graphene in vacuum ultraviolet spectral region & ; spectroscopic studies of colliding laser plasmas (Al, Si) ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3424788.
Texte intégralThe aim of this research is to investigate and explore new innovative material(s) and techniques regarding development and improvement of vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) optics and sources; for the advancement of EUV and VUV technological areas like space exploration (e.g. observation and spectroscopic diagnostics of the solar corona) and EUV lithography (e.g. advancement and minimization of integrated electronic circuits (ICs)). The research work was primarily focused on the investigations of the optical and structural properties of graphene (mono and few-layer) deposited on SiO2/Si substrate in VUV spectral region by exploiting different diagnostic techniques, based on reflection and polarimetric measurements. The study was addressed starting from silicon dioxide deposited on silicon (SiO2 / Si), which works as the substrate for graphene samples. The optical properties of SiO2/Si were thoroughly investigated at the hydrogen Lyman–alpha line (121.6 nm) by employing the tabletop EUV-VUV polarimetry facility located at CNR-INF Padova. An approach based on the combined use of reflectometry with polarimetry technique was used to find out the reliable values of the optical constants. The results show the potential of the approach and it was demonstrated in this study that the optical constants retrieved by using ellipsometric parameters; ratio (ρ), and phase shift (), are more reliable than the retrieved one using least square fitting of the reflectivity. Moreover, it was found that SiO2 behaves as a phase retarder by introducing a phase difference between the s- and p- polarization components of the incoming light. The phase differences observed was 18° to 160° depending on the incidence angle. Using the similar experimental technique, the ellipsometric parameters (phase shift (ϕ), ratio (ρ)) of graphene (1LG/SiO2/Si) sample were also investigated and compared with that of SiO2/Si to see the effect of the graphene as capping layer. It was found that 1LG on top of SiO2 improves optical throughput and despite having atomic thickness it affects the polarimetric properties of the underlying substrate. Further, detailed optical properties of mono (1L) and tri-layer (3L) of commercial graphene grown on (SiO2/Si) substrate were studied at hydrogen Lyman alpha by using laboratory based (at CNR-IFN, Padova) and synchrotron light-based (at BEAR beamline, Elettra synchrotron) EUV-VUV reflectometer setups. Angular reflectance measurements of graphene samples along with bare substrate were performed by taking into account the light polarization. Distinguishable optical performance was observed for both samples (1LG and 3LG) in spite of the ultra-thin thickness of the films. Optical anisotropy with the axis of symmetry nearly perpendicular to the surface and coherently related to the p-orbitals structural orientation has been experimentally demonstrated. Anisotropic “effective optical constants” corresponding to “effective thickness” were retrieved by simulating the interaction of the electromagnetic wave with the structure of the sample. Furthermore, the reliability of the derived optical constants was tested qualitatively by deducing surface differential reflectance (SDR) from the reflectance measurements. Another very interesting effect induced by graphene is the shift of the pseudo-Brewster angle with respect to what was observed for the substrate. The downshift of the pseudo-Brewster angle was observed for both samples 1LG (-1.5°), and 3LG (-5°), with larger shift for an increasing number of layers. However, in literature an upshift in the Brewster angle is reported but for different spectral region. AFM, XPS and Raman spectroscopies were used to study surface morphology, quality of graphene coatings, and to estimate the thickness/ number of layers. To the best of our knowledge, these remarkable optical properties of graphene at VUV spectral region was determined for the first time and results are of considerable interest for VUV optics advancement. The last part of the thesis is about the study of the stagnation layer formed at the collision front of two colliding plasmas by employing time resolved spectroscopic technique. Time evolution and dynamics of the Al-Al, Al-Si colliding plasmas studied and compared in the case of flat and wedge targets. It was observed that in case of wedge target the overall emission from stagnation layer was more intense and higher ionization states of (Al and Si) appeared earlier in time having higher intensity compared to the flat target. The time evolution of the electron number density was also studied and it was observed that wedge target results in a relatively higher electron number density
Muthukrishnan, N. Moorthy. « Characterization and modeling of dry etch processes for titanium nitride and titanium films in Cl₂/N₂ and BCl₃ plasmas ». Diss., This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-151045/.
Texte intégralHubert, Julie. « Hydrophobic and superhydrophobic surfaces by means of atmospheric plasmas : synthesis and texturization of fluorinated materials ». Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209255.
Texte intégralFirst, we focused on the surface modifications of a model surface, the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), by the post-discharge of a radio-frequency plasma torch. The post-discharge used for the surface treatment was characterized by optical emission spectroscopy (OES) and mass spectrometry (MS) as a function of the gap (torch-sample distance), and the helium and oxygen flow rates. Mechanisms explaining the production and the consumption of the identified species (N2, N2+, He, O, OH, O2m, O2+, Hem) were proposed.
The surface treatment was then investigated as a function of the kinematic parameters (from the motion robot connected to the plasma torch) and the gas flow rates. Although no change in the surface composition was recorded, oxygen is required to increase the hydrophobicity of the PTFE by increasing its roughness, while a pure helium plasma leads to a smoothing of the surface. Based on complementary experiments focused on mass losses, wettability and topography measurements coupled to the detection of fluorinated species on an aluminium foil by XPS, we highlighted an anisotropic etching oriented vertically in depth as a function of the number of scans (associated to the treatment time). Atomic oxygen is assumed to be the species responsible for the preferential etching of the amorphous phase leading to the rough surface, while the highly energetic helium metastables and/or VUV are supposed to induce the higher mass loss recorded in a pure helium plasma.
The second part of this thesis was dedicated to the deposition and the texturization of fluorinated coatings in the dielectric barrier discharge (DBD). The effects of the nature of the precursor (C6F12 and C6F14), the nature of the carrier gas (argon and helium), the plasma power, and the precursor flow rate were investigated in terms of chemical composition, wettability, topography and crystallinity by SIMS, XPS, WCA, AFM and XRD. We showed that hydrophobic surfaces with water contact angles (WCA) higher than 115° were obtained only in the presence of argon and were assumed to be due to the roughness created by the micro-discharges. Plasma-polymerized films in helium were smooth and no WCA higher than 115° was observed. We also studied the impact of the deposition rate and the layer thickness in the hydrophobic properties as well as the polymerization processes through the gas phase characterization.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Arsénio, nunes aleixo viegas Pedro. « Electric field characterization of atmospheric pressure Helium plasma jets through numerical simulations and comparisons with experiments ». Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLX061/document.
Texte intégralIn this PhD thesis numerical simulations based on a 2D fluid model are used to characterize pulsed Helium plasma jets. The model for He plasma jets is developed to describe He jets flowing in N2 and O2 atmospheres and interacting with targets. The discharge dynamics in He jets impacting a grounded metallic target is analyzed with both positive and negative polarities of applied voltage. The temporal and spatial evolutions of electric field associated to the first and rebound ionization fronts are in good qualitative agreement with recent electric field measurements. Then, the plasma-target interaction occurring between a positive discharge and a BSO dielectric target is investigated in detail and results are directly compared with experiments. A good agreement is obtained between simulations and experiments concerning the temporal and spatial profiles of electric field. Maximum values of electric field inside the target of 5 kV.cm−1 are found. The high electric field in the plasma of the order of dozens of kV.cm−1 is severely depleted by the change of permittivity. As a result, the electric field experienced inside the target is almost exclusively originated by the high values of surface charge deposited on the target surface. Finally, the influence of the electric field evolutions on the production of chemically active species close to the targets is evaluated. It is shown that with metallic targets the synergy between the first and rebound fronts increases species production close to the target
Wozniak, Mariusz. « Characterization of nanoparticle aggregates with light scattering techniques ». Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4818/document.
Texte intégralThis Ph.D. work provides and evaluates various solutions to characterize, with optical/electromagnetic methods nanoparticles and aggregates of nanoparticles found in suspensions, aerosols and dusty plasmas. Two main models are introduced to describe the morphology of particle aggregates with fractal-like (for particles in plasmas and combustion systems) and Buckyballs-like (aerosols, suspensions) shapes. In addition, the author proposes various solutions and methods (T-Matrix, Rayleigh type approximations) to calculate the scattering diagrams (optical structure factors) of fractal aggregates as well as algorithms to inverse extinction spectra. As a reference case for the performed analysis, several tools to describe the morphology of fractal aggregates from electron microscopy images have been also developed. The experimental validation carried out with the Light Extinction Spectrometry (LES) technique (for nano silica beads, tungsten, dusty plasma and silicon aggregates) clearly proves the validity of the algorithms developed as well as the potential of the LES technique
Pompilian, Gloria Oana. « Pulsed laser deposition and characterization of chalcogenide thin films ». Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10047/document.
Texte intégralChalcogenides are among the most promising materials for applications in various fields, like data storage and transmission, integrated optics, bio- and chemical-sensing, or medicine. This is due to their outstanding properties, in terms of wide infrared transparency, photo-induced effects, high rare-earth solubility or high contrast in electrical and optical parameters upon phase transformation. For many of these applications, processing of chalcogenides in form of thin films with required chemical composition and appropriate physical properties is necessary. Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) is one of the most efficient and flexible methods for the preparation of such multicomponent layers.In this thesis we performed a systematic study on the influence of various PLD parameters, like laser wavelength, pulse duration and fluence, background pressure and target-substrate distance, on the properties of deposited thin films. Two families of chalcogenide compounds were explored: (GeTe)x(Sb2Te3)1-x (with x = 0, 1/3, 1/2, 2/3, 1) and GaLaS (pure or doped with Er and Pr rare earths). Additionally, a time- and space-resolved optical emission spectroscopy study was performed in order to characterize the dynamics and energetics of the laser ablation plasma plume. The properties of the thin films were investigated by specific methods, as optical and electronic microscopy, profilometry, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, ellipsometry etc. The main results indicate better properties for samples deposited at lower wavelength, short pulse duration and moderate fluence. They open the way for the optimization of the PLD process for chalcogenide thin film growth in a controlled manner
Tian, Ye. « Characterization of laser-induced plasma and application to surface-assisted LIBS for powder and liquid samples ». Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1292/document.
Texte intégralLaser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is an analytical method with optical emission spectroscopy that uses a laser pulse to vaporize, atomize, and excite a hot plasma as the spectroscopic emission source. Although LIBS has demonstrated its versatility and attractive features in many fields, the quantitative analysis ability of LIBS is considered as its Achilles’ heel. From a fundamental point of view, this can be due to the complex nature of laserinduced plasma as the spectroscopic emission source for LIBS application. The temporal and spatial characterization of laser-induced plasma is considered as one of the key points for the LIBS technique. On the other hand, from the analytical point of view, LIBS is usually characterized by direct laser ablation. This can be however quite limiting, especially for some types of materials such as powders or liquids. Proper sample preparation or treatment allowing the deposition of a thin homogeneous film on a metallic surface could greatly improve the analytical performance of LIBS for these types of materials. Since the metallic surface is expected to contribute to increase the temperature and the density of the plasma and, consequently, to a better overall sensitivity, we call this technique surface-assisted LIBS. The present thesis work is therefore motivated by two basic aspects of LIBS analysis: the need of an improved knowledge of laser-induced plasma as a spectroscopic emission source, and new methods to improve the analytical performance of LIBS, including a higher sensibility and a reduced matrix effect. The first part of this thesis (Chapter 2) is dedicated to an extensive characterization of the plasma induced on glass samples, as a function of the laser wavelength, infrared (IR) or ultraviolet (UV), and the ambient gas, air or argon. Both the spectroscopic imaging and time- and space-resolved emission spectroscopy are used for plasma diagnostics in this work. The second part of this thesis is to develop a surface-assisted LIBS method for the elemental analysis in powders, and in wines as examples of liquids. We applied the surface-assisted LIBS for the quantitative elemental analysis in cellulose powders, alumina powders, and soils (Chapter 3). Special attentions are paid on the figures-of-merit, matrix effects, and normalization approaches in LIBS analysis. We also used the surfaceassisted LIBS for the classification of French wines according to their production regions (Chapter 4). Two classification models based on the principal component analysis (PCA) and random forest (RF) are used for the classification. Through these applications, this thesis work demonstrates the efficiency of the surface-assisted LIBS method for the analysis of powders (cellulose, alumina and soils) and of liquids (wines), with ppm or sub-ppm sensitivities and a reduced matrix effect
Calderon, F. A. « Non-linear instabilities in the edge of tokamak plasmas : characterization of edge localized modes and numerical simulation of blob dynamics using a hybrid model ». Thesis, University of Warwick, 2015. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/77687/.
Texte intégralLaourine, Feriel. « Texturation de la surface d’aciers inoxydables par plasmas chlorés et compréhension des mécanismes mis en jeu par l’étude de la gravure du fer, du chrome et du nickel massifs ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0252.
Texte intégralThe structuring at sub-micronic scale of the surface of stainless steels allows to provide them with new functionalities, for example for tribological and optical applications. This thesis is part of the ANR SPOT project which aims to structure the surface of austenitic and martensitic steels on a submicronic scale by dry etching. In this work, we have developed a plasma process with a mixture of chlorine and argon for the etching of stainless steels. The development of this process was carried out based on the study of the etching of the main metals that make up these steels, namely, iron, chromium and nickel. Based on measurements of etching speeds, as well as on plasma diagnostic techniques, we have shown that, in a chlorine and argon plasma, iron is the most etched element, followed by chromium, then nickel. The metallic and the stainless steels etched samples were analyzed by surface characterization techniques, in particular X photoelectron spectrometry (XPS) analyzes. We have also studied the variation of the etching speeds of these metals and steels as a function of the temperature of the substrates. These studies have enabled us to establish the mechanisms involved in the etching of metallic elements. We have shown that in a plasma of chlorine and argon, iron is mainly etched by a chemical mechanism which follows an Arrhenius law. This mechanism would be based on the formation of volatile iron chlorides. In the case of chromium, the etching requires ionic assistance in order to desorb the non-volatile chromium chlorides formed on the surface of the material. Finally, for nickel, we observed that the etching speed decreases when the temperature increases. In this case, observations with a scanning electron microscope made it possible to highlight the formation of swellings rich in chlorine. XPS analyzes of the etched surface of nickel suggest that these swellings are due to the formation of non-volatile nickel chlorides. These chlorides would be at the origin of the decrease in the rate of etching of nickel, the sputtering of which would be blocked by the presence of these chlorides. Understanding these mechanisms led to conclude that, in a chlorinated plasma, the blocking element in the etching of stainless steels is nickel
Bruhn, Cecilia Margareta [Verfasser], Ulrich [Akademischer Betreuer] Stroth, Laura [Gutachter] Fabbietti et Ulrich [Gutachter] Stroth. « Characterization of the turbulence driven boron transport in the core of fusion plasmas in the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak / Cecilia Margareta Bruhn ; Gutachter : Laura Fabbietti, Ulrich Stroth ; Betreuer : Ulrich Stroth ». München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1176107240/34.
Texte intégralLe, Marec Andréa. « Vers les lasers XUV femtosecondes : étude des propriétés spectrales et temporelles de l'amplification de rayonnement XUV dans un plasma ». Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS337/document.
Texte intégralThe work of this thesis was made in the context of the efforts made to reduce the pulse duration of plasma-based XUV lasers down to the femtosecond domain. The very narrow spectral width of the amplifier medium (~ 1E10 - 1E11 Hz) limits the minimum achievable pulse duration (Fourier limit). The amplifier medium of XUV lasers pumped by collisional excitation are dense and hot plasmas that can be created both by rapid electrical discharge and by different types of power lasers. There are thus 4 distinct types of XUV laser sources with different plasma parameters (density, temperature) in the gain region. Yet, the spectral and temporal properties of the emitted radiation are strongly linked to these parameters. All 4types of XUV lasers operate in amplification of spontaneous emission (ASE) mode, and 2 of them, for a few years, can operate in "seeded" mode. This technique consists in injecting a femtosecond high order harmonic pulse (the seed), resonant with the lasing transition, at one extremity of the plasma amplifier. Because of the major mismatch between the spectral width of the plasma and that of the seed the femtosecond duration of the latter is not preserved during amplification. Simulations (COLAX Maxwell-Bloch code) show that the amplification is highly non-linear in such systems, including the appearance of Rabi oscillations. Generating Rabi oscillations in seeded XUV lasers is currently considered a promising way to produce femtosecond XUV lasers. However Rabi oscillations have yet never been experimentally demonstrated. Thus, a meticulous experimental characterization of the spectral properties of the 4 types of XUV lasers in connection with the plasma conditions, combined with a better understanding of amplification mechanisms under different theoretical plasma conditions based on studies and simulations are needed to reach our goal. A wide experimental campaign aiming to spectrally characterize all different types of XUV lasers was conducted by our group over the past decade. The required spectral resolution is not available with the best current spectrometers, so the method we used consists on the measurement of the temporal coherence of the XUV laser through an electric field autocorrelation, using a wave front-division interferometer that was specifically designed for these measures, from which the spectral width can be deduced. The latter type of the four XUV laser types (PALS, Prague) was characterized during this thesis, closing this experimental campaign. The measured coherence time was 0.68 ps, which is significantly lower than the coherence times measured on the other XUV laser types. Analysis of the overall results revealed two different behavior whether the XUV laser has a long pulse duration compared to its coherence time or if the two durations are close. In the first case the inferred spectral widths are in good agreement with theoretical predictions, while in the second case the agreement was not as good and the shape of the electric field autocorrelation traces was not understood. This observation has prompted a detailed study of the influence of temporal properties of ASE XUV lasers on the interferometric methodology used to determine the spectral width of XUV lasers. The study, based on a model developed for X-free electron lasers, revealed an effect of partial temporal coherence in electric field autocorrelation measures of these sources. This study offers perspectives on a simultaneous measure of the spectral width and the duration of theses sources with our method. Finally, a study based on Maxwell-Bloch equations was carried out in order to understand better the conditions of apparition of Rabi oscillations. This study highlighted two amplification regimes, adiabatic and dynamic, around a population inversion threshold
Lienerth, Peter. « Elaboration and characterization of field-effect transistors based on organic molecular wires for chemical sensing applications ». Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAD003/document.
Texte intégralThe molecular structure of organic semiconductors which can be tailored by the chemical synthesis influences the sensitivity and selectivity of gas sensor devices. To improve the understanding of the ongoing mechanisms in sensors based on organic field effect transistors (OFETs) this thesis follows three different tracks: The applicability of the hysteresis of the transfer characteristics as a gas sensing parameter is studied. As a complement to the standard transistor parameters the hysteresis improves the selectivity of poly(3-hexylthiophen-2,5-diyl) based OFETs to polar gases. Transient current measurements indicate the additional dependence on the detrapping kinetics as origin of the increased selectivity. To understand the influence of the molecular structure on the gas sensing behavior, polymers with alkoxy side chains, varying in polarity and steric hindrance, are used as gas sensing layer for ethanol vapor. The response strength correlates with the amount of absorbed analyte and the dipole moment of the side chains. To enable investigations of the mechanisms at the nanoscale, one part of this work focuses on the preparation of transistors with a reduced channel length. By using silicon nitride as dielectric layer, driving voltages decreased and interface properties could be improved
Van, der Vaart Maniesh. « Characterization of circulating DNA as a biomarker for genetic aberrations in humans / Maniesh van der Vaart ». Thesis, North-West University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1329.
Texte intégralBeals, Dexter FitzGeoffreys. « Characterization of hot cathode helimak plasma ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37724.
Texte intégralIncludes bibliographical references (p. 48).
by Dexter FitzGeoffreys Beals.
M.S.
Starkey, Ryan P., Mark J. Lewis et Charles H. Jones. « PLASMA SHEATH CHARACTERIZATION FOR TELEMETRY IN HYPERSONIC FLIGHT ». International Foundation for Telemetering, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/606733.
Texte intégralDuring certain hypersonic flight regimes, shock heating of air creates a plasma sheath resulting in telemetry attenuation or blackout. The severity of the signal attenuation is dependent on vehicle configuration, flight trajectory, and transmission frequency. This phenomenon is investigated with a focus placed on the nonequilibrium plasma sheath properties (electron concentration, plasma frequency, collision frequency, and temperature) for a range of flight conditions and vehicle design considerations. Trajectory and transmission frequency requirements for air-breathing hypersonic vehicle design are then addressed, with comparisons made to both shuttle orbiter and RAM-C II reentry flights.
McKibben, Ann Laura. « Characterization of plasmids in Gluconobacter ». Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/44232.
Texte intégralMcKibben, Laura Ann. « Characterization of plasmids in Gluconobacter / ». This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08142009-040503/.
Texte intégralNishime, Thalita Mayumi Castaldelli. « Development and characterization of extended and flexible plasma jets / ». Guaratinguetá, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/190654.
Texte intégralResumo: Nos últimos anos, tem intensificado o emprego de plasmas em pressão atmosférica para diferentes aplicações. Com o desenvolvimento dos jatos de plasma em pressão atmosférica, alguns tratamentos precisos, como no campo biomédico ou em específicos processamentos de superfícies, tornaram-se mais frequentes. No entanto, a aplicação de plasma à objetos irregulares, dentro de tubos ou mesmo dentro de órgãos ocos é limitada quando se utilizam configurações convencionais de jatos de plasma. Portanto, essas limitações podem ser superadas com o desenvolvimento de jatos de plasma alongados ou gerados remotamente. Neste trabalho, duas configurações de jato de plasma longo visando diferentes campos de aplicação foram aperfeiçoadas e caracterizadas. Inicialmente foi desenvolvido um jato de plasma endoscópico (plasma endoscope) operando em configuração de descarga por barreira dielétrica (DBD) com dimensões milimétricas, versátil ao acoplamento em endoscópios típicos. Este jato de plasma pode operar com hélio ou neônio e conta com um canal externo e concêntrico de gás que permite a introdução de uma cortina de gás eletronegativo ao redor da pluma de plasma. A cortina de proteção a gás preserva a forma do jato de plasma quando operado dentro de cavidades fechadas. As dificuldades advindas do desenvolvimento deste foram investigadas quando diferentes gases foram testados como cortina de proteção dele, dentre estes, o dióxido de carbono se mostrou uma boa opção evitando a formação de descargas ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The use of atmospheric pressure plasmas for different purposes has increased in recent years. With the development of atmospheric pressure plasma jets, some precise treatments such as in the biomedical field or specific surface processing became more often. However, the delivery of plasma to irregular shaped objects, inside tubes or even hollow organs is limited with the use of conventional plasma jet configurations. Therefore, those limitations can be surpassed with the development of elongated or remotely generated plasma jets. In this work, two extended plasma jet configurations aiming at different application fields were further developed and characterized. Firstly, an endoscopic plasma jet (plasma endoscope) operating with a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) configuration in millimeter dimensions that can be coupled to a typical endoscope was developed. This plasma jet can operate with helium or neon and counts with an external concentric shielding gas channel that provides the introduction of an electronegative gas curtain around the plasma plume. The shielding gas allows the preservation of the plasma jet shape when operated inside closed cavities. The construction difficulties arisen from the use of different feed and shielding gases were explored. Carbon dioxide was proven to be a good option for the curtain gas around the plasma plume avoiding the formation of parasitic discharges inside the shielding gas tube and the endoscopic housing. When operated with neon, th... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
Böhlmark, Johan. « Fundamentals of High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering ». Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Plasma och beläggningsfysik, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-7359.
Texte intégralIsmail, Noura A. « CHARACTERIZATION OF PLASMA AND MACROPHAGE DERIVED MICROVESICLES ». The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1288847886.
Texte intégralVecchioni, Eleonora. « Theoretical and experimental characterization of plasma antennas ». Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/242192.
Texte intégralDESOGUS, LUCA. « Spark Plasma Sintering and Characterization of Bioceramics ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/249612.
Texte intégralColeman, Mathew Riley. « Design and Characterization of a Coaxial Plasma Railgun for Jet Collision Experiments ». Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/102740.
Texte intégralMaster of Science
Plasma is a gaseous state of matter which is electrically conductive and interacts with electric and magnetic fields. Plasmas are used in many everyday objects such as fluorescent lights, but some of the physics of plasmas are still not entirely understood. One set of plasma interactions that have not been fully explored are those which occur during high-velocity collisions between plasmas. Experiments aimed to further the understanding of these interactions require the generation of plasmas with specified properties at very high velocities. A device known as a plasma railgun can be used to produce plasmas which meet these experimental demands. In a plasma railgun, a short pulse of current is passed through a plasma located between two parallel electrodes, or "rails". This current generates a magnetic field which propels the plasma forward. The plasma is accelerated until it leaves the muzzle of the railgun. In coaxial plasma railguns, the electrodes are concentric. This paper discusses the design and testing of a small, relatively low power coaxial plasma railgun. Specific elements of the design are examined and the inherent physical and material difficulties of a coaxial design are explored. The experiment which was performed to confirm the properties of the plasma jets produced by the coaxial plasma railgun is explained. The results of this experiment confirm that the design succeeds in producing plasmas which meet targets for plasma properties.
Roth, Weston Charles 1970. « Electrical characterization and plasma impedance measurements of a RF plasma etch system ». Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291351.
Texte intégralChauvin, Julie. « Etude des mécanismes anti-cancéreux induits par milieux activés par jet de plasma froid : vers une nouvelle approche thérapeutique ». Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30263/document.
Texte intégralCancer therapies based on physical principles (radiofrequency, ultrasound, laser, electroporation...) have considerably increased in the last decade. Their objectives are to directly destroy cancer cells, to favor the targeted entry of therapeutic molecules or to stimulate the patient's immune system in order to eliminate the tumor. Cold plasma still arouses interest in the field of oncology through its ability to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS) which can be genotoxic and cytotoxic for cancer cells. Two approaches to the use of plasma are studied: either direct exposure of cells to the plasma jet, or indirect exposure via the use of a Plasma Activated Medium (PAM). The PAM being easier to deliver by injection into the tumor, this approach was chosen in this work. The work presented consists in studying the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of PAM resulting from exposure of the medium to the helium plasma jet on in vitro and in vivo tumors. For in vitro studies, we chose to use a 3D model: the spheroid (MCTS - MultiCellular Tumor Spheroid). This model has similar characteristics to the in vivo model thanks to its spheroidal organization. The spheroids have indeed gradients of oxygen penetration, nutrients and cell proliferation. The first part of the thesis concerns the identification and quantification of the species generated in PAM. The analytical methods used are paramagnetic electronic resonance, fluorimetry, colorimetry, liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. These analyses revealed that the toxicity of PAM was due to several factors: on the one hand to the generation of ROS and RNS and on the other hand to the degradation of cell nutrients contained in the medium via, for example, the oxidation and nitrosylation of the amino acids. The second part is dedicated to the study of the effects of PAM on HCT-116 (colon cancer) spheroids[...]
Pathak, Shantanu Chaturvedi. « Characterization of plasma-polymerized polyethylene glycol-like films ». Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31789.
Texte intégralCommittee Chair: Dr. Dennis W. Hess; Committee Member: Dr. Clifford L. Henderson; Committee Member: Dr. J. Carson Meredith; Committee Member: Dr. L. Andrew Lyon; Committee Member: Dr. Mark R. Prausnitz. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
Ozgen, Ozge. « Plasma Surface Modification And Characterization Of Pmma Films ». Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613976/index.pdf.
Texte intégralzgen, Ö
zge M.Sc., Department of Polymer Science and Technology Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Nesrin Hasirci Co-supervisor: Prof. Dr. Vasif Hasirci December 2011, 114 pages Surface properties play an essential role for determining the behavior of a material for many applications such as coating, printing, adhesion and prosthesis implanting since the surface is the first part that comes in contact with the environment. Although the bulk properties of some materials are at the desired level, the surface may need to be modified for a better compatibility with its surrounding. Plasma treatment is one generally preferred technique because of its high potential to create various functional groups on the surface of the sample by changing the applied plasma parameters. Some molecules can be successfully immobilized onto these surfaces using these specific chemical functional groups created by plasma. The type of the functional group is important for intended purpose of covalent binding of different molecules on the surface of a material. Present study offers important routes for optimization of the surface functionality of (PMMA) films by changing the plasma parameters. For this purpose, solvent casted polymethylmetacrylate PMMA films were modified by, nitrogen, argon and oxygen plasma by using a radiofrequency (RF) generator
and with various powers (10W, 50W, 100W) for different periods (5min, 15min and 30min). The effects of these plasma parameters (gas type, applied power, plasma time) on hydrophilicity, surface free energy, surface chemistry, and surface topography were investigated. Also, the types of surface free radicals created with oxygen plasma treatment were analysed and the decay of these radicals were examined by Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy (ESR). In general, plasma treatment reduced the contact angle of PMMA films where the most hydrophilic surface was obtained for 100W 30 min argon plasma treated sample showing superhydrophilic character with the water contact angle value of ~10°
. Surface free energy measurements were carried out according to Geometric Mean, Harmonic Mean, Acid-Base approach and it was found that oxygen, nitrogen and argon plasma treatments increased the surface free energy for all samples by increasing the polar components and introducing functional groups on the surface. X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) analysis results revealed that free carbonyl and carbonate groups were formed by oxygen plasma treatment, whereas carboxylic acid and free carbonyl groups were formed after argon plasma treatment, and imine, primary amine, amide and nitrozo groups were formed by nitrogen plasma. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) analysis revealed that the roughness of the surface increased considerably from ~2 nm to ~75 nm for the 100W 30 min oxygen plasma treated samples. ESR analysis indicated the presence of peroxy radicals on the surface of the oxygen plasma treated PMMA and the intensity of these radicals increased with increasing plasma power. Decay study of the newly created radicals demonstrated that after 1 month under the atmospheric conditions there were still peroxy radicals on the surface of PMMA. This functionality is important in leading time for further process for binding of different molecules to the surface of the materials for specific purposes. As a result, RF plasma was found to be an effective tool for modification of surface properties of materials with product diversity for intended purposes.
Minnaar, Ettiénne Gerald. « Microstructural and analytical characterization of plasma dissociated zircon ». Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1015972.
Texte intégralChin, Joannie W. « Surface characterization and adhesion of plasma-modified polyimides ». Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08182009-040355/.
Texte intégralSherpa, Sonam Dorje. « Preparation and characterization of plasma-fluorinated epitaxial graphene ». Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47575.
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