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1
Adam, Cécile. « Etude des pratiques en antibiothérapie dans la filière poulet de chair Label Rouge ». Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAC088.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La lutte contre l’antibiorésistance, à présent reconnue comme un problème public mondial majeur, passe par l’utilisation raisonnée des antimicrobiens. Diminuer leur utilisation est ainsi un défi pour l’agriculture, en particulier pour les productions animales hors sol, dont les espèces figuraient en 2013 en France parmi les plus exposées aux antimicrobiens. La recherche de leviers d’action permettant de réduire l’usage des antibiotiques constitue donc un enjeu important. L’objectif de la thèse était précisément d’identifier des leviers d’action pour diminuer l’usage des antibiotiques, en prenant pour cas d’étude une organisée : la filière poulet de chair Label Rouge. Pour cela une méthode pluridisciplinaire associant la sociologie et l’épidémiologie a été utilisée.Dans un premier temps, une étude sociologique par entretiens semi-directifs a été conduite auprès d’éleveurs, de techniciens et de vétérinaires, pour étudier les représentations et les pratiques des acteurs autour de l’antibiothérapie. Elle a permis de mettre en évidence l’adéquation de l’impératif de réduire l’usage des antibiotiques avec l’identité professionnelle des éleveurs. Outre les améliorations techniques, l’accompagnement des éleveurs par des conseillers avec qui ils ont établi une relation de confiance a permis d’aider les éleveurs à changer leurs pratiques vers moins d’antibiotiques.Ensuite, une étude pharmaco-épidémiologique de type cas témoin dans 260 lots a été menée par administration d’un questionnaire en élevage, afin d’identifier les facteurs associés à l’usage des antibiotiques. Des outils techniques utilisés en prévention depuis longtemps - comme le papier démarrage- ou depuis plus récemment –comme les produits phytothérapeutiques - se sont révélés être associés à une diminution de l’usage des antibiotiques. La perception des éleveurs de l’état de santé de leur lot était également significativement associée à l’usage d’antibiotiques. Enfin, une étude sociologique menée par entretiens semi-directifs avec des responsables techniques et des directeurs de trois organisations de production a permis d’étudier les dispositifs mis en place par les organisations de production pour diminuer leur usage d’antibiotiques. Les démarches mises en place par les OP étudiées pour diminuer l’usage des antibiotiques sont variables, récentes, et rarement constituées d’outils spécifiquement orientés vers la réduction des usages. La seule démarche étudiée constituant une véritable stratégie de réduction repose principalement sur des outils organisationnels pour enrôler l’ensemble des acteurs et coordonner les réseaux, en les incitant à mettre en place les outils techniques. L’étude montre le rôle important que jouent certaines OP dans la démédication, de par les leviers multiples dont elles disposent auprès des éleveurs.La combinaison de différentes approches dans ce travail de thèse, empruntées à la sociologie et à l’épidémiologie, a permis d’éclairer différents aspects des déterminants associés aux usages d’antibiotiques en élevage de volailles. Cette étude ouvre par ailleurs la voie à de nouvelles interrogations, en particulier concernant le rôle des acteurs privés –en particulier ceux de l’aval – sur la santé animale en générale, et l’usage des antibiotiques en particulierAntimicrobial resistance is now well recognized as a global and major public issue, and as such has been tackled through antibiotic stewardship. Decreasing antimicrobial use is a great challenge for livestock farming, especially for intensive production systems, which were among the more exposed in 2013. It is of great interest to search for drivers enabling to reduce antimicrobial use. The thesis objectives were thus to identify drivers for change, in an organized production system: Label Rouge traditional free-range broiler farming. A multi-disciplinary approach, combining sociology with epidemiology was used.First, a sociological study based on semi-directive interviews with farmers, production technicians and veterinarians was carried out in order to study professionals’ perceptions and practices related to antimicrobial use. Results highlight the adequacy between the imperative of decreasing antimicrobial use and farmers’ professional identity. Besides technical improvements, the coaching of farmers by counsellors whom they trust was also found to play an important role in changing their practices towards lower antimicrobial use.Second, a pharmaco-epidemiological case-control study was carried out. 260 flocks of broilers were investigated thanks to on-farm questionnaires, in order to identify the factors associated with antimicrobial use. Preventive technical tools such as herbal drugs or chicken paper were associated to a decreased use of antimicrobials. The way farmers judge their flock health was also significantly associated to antimicrobial use.Finally, a sociological study involving semi-directive interviews with directors and production technicians from three farmer organizations enabled to study the strategies developed by farmer organizations to reduce antimicrobial use. We found that the studied farmer organizations had various and relatively new approaches, which are hardly ever constituted of tools specifically designed to decrease antimicrobial use. Only one approach was a real and complete strategy, mostly based on organizational tools aiming to enroll the actors and coordinate the networks and have them apply the technical tools. The study shows that some farmer organizations can play an important role in antimicrobial use reduction, thanks to the different drivers they have to encourage farmers to change their practices.The combination of sociological and epidemiological approaches used in this study enabled to highlight a wide range of drivers for antimicrobial use in broiler breeding. This study also raises further questions on the role played by private stakeholders – such as distributors - in animal health in general, and antimicrobial use in particular
2
Bouillon, Pierre. « Etude du déterminisme génétique du développement de la chair rouge et du brunissement en conservation chez la pomme ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Angers, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ANGE0027.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Le caractère chair rouge chez la pomme est associé à la synthèse et à l’accumulation d'anthocyanes. Les bases génétiques du développement de la chair rouge sont identifiées. Cependant, les modèles actuels n'expliquent pas les variations observées dans l'intensité et la distribution de la pigmentation rouge au sein de la chair du fruit. Dans cette étude, nous avons développé une approche multifactorielle combinant l’analyse d’image et le profilage des composés phénoliques afin de caractériser la pigmentation de la chair chez la pomme. Cette méthodologie a été appliquée pour étudier la diversité phénotypique, dans cinq familles hybrides F1 ségrégeant pour le caractère chair rouge (450 génotypes).Nous avons utilisé des descripteurs colorimétriques issus de l'espace CIEL*a*b* pour évaluer la coloration chez les hybrides. Nous avons également développé un script d’analyse d'image basée sur l’analyse d’histogrammes pour évaluer les motifs de pigmentation et étudier l'héritabilité de ce caractère.Des variations importantes dans les teneurs en composés phénoliques chez les hybrides ont été identifiées. Des analyses ciblées ont été réalisées pour quantifier ces composés par UPLC-UV sur deux années de récolte (2021 et 2022). Nous proposons un modèle incluant le pH et les teneurs en composés phénoliques pour décrire l’intensité de coloration de la chair. Le déterminisme génétique de la chair rouge a ensuite été étudié. Les individus ont été génotypés via la puce SNP Illumina Infinium 20K et des analyses de QTL basées sur le pedigree ont été menées avec le logiciel FlexQTL™. Notre analyse a permis d'identifier de nouveaux loci associés au développement de la chair rouge et à la présence de motifs de pigmentationRed-flesh trait in apple is associated with anthocyanin accumulation. The genetic basis of color development has been widely analysed ; however, current models do not explain the observed variations in red pigmentation intensity and distribution within fruit flesh. We developed a multifactorial approach to gain knowledge on the control of the red flesh pigmentation in apple. This methodology was applied to investigate the phenotypic diversity in five inter-connected F1 hybrid families segregating for this trait (450 genotypes) by combining image-based phenotyping with the determination of several biochemical traits that influence color expression. We used image-based phenotyping to evaluatered color in progenies using color parameters from CIEL*a*b* color space. We also developed a histogram-based image analysis to assess patterns of color variation in red-flesh apples and to study the inheritance of this trait. Important variations in phenolic compound profiles among hybrid families were identified. Targeted analyses were performed to quantify these compounds by UPLC-UV over two years of fruit harvest (2021 and 2022). As a result, we propose a model including pH and phenolic compound contents to describe red flesh color development. The genetic determinism of red-flesh was then investigated. Individuals were genotyped via the Illumina Infinium 20K array and pedigree-based QTL analyses were conducted with FlexQTL™ software. Our analysis allowed the identification of new loci and the determination of allelic combinations favouring the development of red pigmentation and color patterns
3
Flores, Aaron (Aaron N. ). « Design of a chain flail mower for leveling rough terrain ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/92677.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 14).
The flail mower is a piece of agricultural equipment that uses bladed attachments rotating around a drum to cut down bushes and grassy terrain. One major drawback to the flail mower is the rapid wear that happens almost immediately when any sort of rocks, gravel, or rough terrain are encountered. The goal of this project was to design and manufacture a prototype of a machine that could level rough terrain through repeating impacts as opposed to cutting with blades. The final design was a chain flail mower, a piece of equipment designed to level rough terrain that uses chains to repeatedly bludgeon rocks, gravel, and debris. The designed chain flail mower was assembled into an existing commercially available snow blower for testing.
by Aaron Flores.
S.B.
4
Carlise, Joseph Raymond. « Poly(norbornene) supported side-chain coordination complexes : an efficient route to functionalized polymers / ». Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006, 2006. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-04072006-111344/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006.Prof. Will Rees, Committee Member ; Prof. Charles Liotta, Committee Member ; Prof. David Collard, Committee Member ; Prof. Marcus Weck, Committee Chair ; Prof. Kent Barefield, Committee Member.
5
Willenbacher, Johannes [Verfasser], et C. [Akademischer Betreuer] Barner-Kowollik. « Single-Chain Origami - En Route to Artificial Proteins ? / Johannes Willenbacher. Betreuer : C. Barner-Kowollik ». Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1081722169/34.
Texte intégral
6
Wood, Murray Royston. « Novel synthetic route to chain transfer agents and their use in RAFT/MADIX polymerizations ». Thesis, University of Leeds, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.445847.
Texte intégral
7
Hentschel, Benjamin [Verfasser]. « Optimal reaction route for hydroformylation of long-chain olefins in thermomorphic solvent systems / Benjamin Hentschel ». Magdeburg : Universitätsbibliothek, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1149124350/34.
Texte intégral
8
Adjili, Salim. « Synthèse et caractérisation de sondes lipidiques macromoléculaires fluorescentes émettant dans le rouge lointain pour l'imagerie membranaire ». Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00876655.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Ce projet de thèse consistait à synthétiser de nouveaux bio-conjugués Lipide-Polymère fluorescents émettant dans le rouge lointain, composés d'une chaîne polymère portant à la fois de nombreux chromophores en position latérale et un lipide en extrémité de chaîne. La structure de ces bio-conjugués est basée sur des copolymères poly(N-acryloylmorpholine-co-N-acryloxysuccinimide), hydrophiles, réactifs, modulables et d'architecture contrôlée obtenus par le procédé RAFT. Les copolymères réactifs ont ensuite été utilisés pour le couplage, en position latérale, de chromophores émettant dans le rouge lointain. La stratégie utilisée pour la synthèse des bio-conjugués se divise en trois étapes : la synthèse d'Agents de Transfert de Chaîne (ATC) fonctionnalisés avec un lipide suivant un protocole déjà décrit suite à des travaux de notre équipe, et dont les étapes de purification ont été améliorées afin d'obtenir des ATC les plus purs possible (90% de pureté molaire) ; l'utilisation de ces ATC fonctionnels pour la synthèse de polymères α fonctionnels, et enfin, le couplage covalent, rapide et efficace, de chromophores en position latérale. Il a été mis en évidence que les ATC lipidiques permettent un très bon contrôle de la copolymérisation des monomères NAM et NAS. L'utilisation de la composition azéotropique pour ce couple de monomère permet également d'obtenir des chaînes polymère de microstructure très contrôlée et présentant des valeurs de Mn comprises entre 5 900 et 33 200 g.mol-1. Les propriétés optiques des bio-conjugués ont été déterminées, ce qui a permis de mettre en évidence que ces propriétés, et notamment le rendement quantique de fluorescence, sont très sensibles à la structure des bio-conjugués synthétisés. Tous les bio-conjugués présentent des brillances améliorées (jusqu'à 13 000 M-1.cm-1 dans l'eau et 50 0000 M-1.cm-1 dans CHCl3) par rapport à celle du chromophore. La capacité des bio-conjugués à interagir avec les bicouches lipidiques a été mise en évidence à travers l'utilisation de systèmes modèles (SUVs, LUVs et GUVs). Enfin, les évaluations biologiques réalisées ont montré à la fois une absence de cytotoxicité des bio-conjugués et une capacité de ces derniers à être internalisés rapidement (< 10 min) au sein de différentes lignées de cellules vivantes.
9
Goldbach, Verena [Verfasser]. « Isomerizing Carbonylation as a Direct Route to Long-Chain Dicarboxylic Acids and Probe for the Role of Metal Nanoparticles in Catalysis / Verena Goldbach ». Konstanz : Bibliothek der Universität Konstanz, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1170061338/34.
Texte intégral
10
Agapov, Alexander. « Decoupling Phenomena in Dynamics of Soft Matter ». University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1321922264.
Texte intégral
11
Xu, Sanlin, et SanlinXu@yahoo com. « Mobility Metrics for Routing in MANETs ». The Australian National University. Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, 2007. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20070621.212401.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of wireless mobile nodes forming a temporary network without the need for base stations or any other preexisting network infrastructure. In a peer-to-peer fashion, mobile nodes can communicate with each other by using wireless multihop communication. Due to its low cost,
high flexibility, fast network establishment and self-reconfiguration, ad hoc networking has received much interest during the last ten years. However, without a fixed infrastructure, frequent path changes cause significant numbers of
routing packets to discover new paths, leading to increased network congestion and transmission latency over fixed networks. Many on-demand routing protocols have been developed by using various routing mobility metrics to choose the most reliable
routes, while dealing with the primary obstacle caused by node mobility.
¶
In the first part, we have developed an analysis framework for mobility metrics in random mobility model. Unlike previous research, where the mobility metrics were mostly studied by simulations, we derive the analytical expressions of mobility
metrics, including link persistence, link duration, link availability, link residual time, link change rate and their path equivalents. We also show relationships between the different
metrics, where they exist. Such exact expressions constitute precise mathematical relationships between network connectivity and node mobility.
¶
We further validate our analysis framework in Random Walk Mobility
model (RWMM). Regarding constant or random variable node velocity, we construct the transition matrix of Markov Chain Model through the analysis of the PDF of node separation after one epoch. In addition, we present intuitive and simple expressions for the link residual time and link duration, for the RWMM, which relate them directly to the ratio between transmission range and node speed. We also illustrate the relationship between link change rate and link duration. Finally, simulation results for all mentioned mobility metrics are reported which match well the proposed analytical framework.
¶
In the second part, we investigate the mobility metric applications on caching strategies and hierarchy routing algorithm. When on-demand routing employed, stale route cache
information and frequent new-route discovery in processes in MANETs generate considerable routing delay and overhead. This thesis proposes a practical route caching strategy to minimize routing delay and/or overhead by setting route cache timeout to a mobility metric, the expected path residual time. The strategy is independent of network traffic load and adapts to various
non-identical link duration distributions, so it is feasible to implement in a real-time route caching scheme. Calculated results
show that the routing delay achieved by the route caching scheme is only marginally more than the theoretically determined minimum. Simulation in NS-2 demonstrates that the end-to-end delay from DSR routing can be remarkably reduced by our caching scheme. By using overhead analysis model, we demonstrate that the minimum routing overhead can be achieved by increasing timeout to around twice the expected path residual time, without significant increase in routing delay.
¶
Apart from route cache, this thesis also addresses link cache strategy which has the potential to utilize route information more efficiently than a route cache scheme. Unlike some previous link cache schemes delete links at some fixed time after they enter the cache, we proposes using either the expected path duration or the link residual time as the link cache timeout. Simulation results in NS-2 show that both of the proposed link caching schemes can improve network performance in the DSR by reducing dropped data packets, latency and routing overhead, with the link residual time scheme out-performing the path duration scheme.
¶
To deal with large-scale MANETs, this thesis presents an adaptive k-hop clustering algorithm (AdpKHop), which selects clusterhead (CH) by our CH selection metrics. The proposed CH selection criteria enable that the chosen CHs are closer to the cluster centroid and more stable than other cluster members with respect to node mobility. By using merging threshold
which is based on the CH selection metric, 1-hop clusters can merge to k-hop clusters, where the size of each k-hop cluster adapts to the node mobility of the chosen CH. Moreover, we propose a routing overhead analysis model for k-hop clustering
algorithm, which is determined by a range of network parameters, such as link change rate (related to node mobility), node degree and cluster density. Through the overhead analysis, we show that an optimal k-hop cluster density does exist, which is
independent of node mobility. Therefore, the corresponding optimal
cluster merging threshold can be employed to efficiently organise k-hop clusters to achieve minimum routing overhead, which is highly desirable in large-scale networks.
¶
The work presented in this thesis provides a sound basis for future research on mobility analysis for mobile ad hoc networks, in aspects such as mobility metrics, caching strategies and k-hop clustering routing protocols.
12
Gerun, Yvan. « Le véhicule et son iconographie au Proche-Orient ancien du IVème au début du premier millénaire avant J.C ». Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAG061.
Texte intégralRésumé :
L’apparition du véhicule s’inscrit dans l’espace géographique du Proche-Orient ancien qui joue un rôle de premier plan dans la domestication, le dressage et le contrôle des grands mammifères. Dès les origines, à la fin du IVème millénaire, une iconographie se développe en lien étroit avec l’idéologie royale qui s’exprime sous la forme de rites collectifs. La fonction sociale du véhicule est donc privilégiée au dépend d’un rôle dans le transport dont l’importance reste incertaine. Une composante religieuse paraît souvent présente en arrière plan avec, en particulier, la présence de modèles réduits en terre cuite au rôle probablement votif. La production de ces représentations se poursuit au moins jusqu’au premier millénaire avant J.C. avec des thèmes constants : chasse, domination, ennemi piétiné. Un apogée, dans la variété des scènes et des supports, se situe aux DA IIIb. La production globale reste assez irrégulière et semble associée à des sites spécifiques, souvent dans des périodes d’apogée politiqueThe appearance of the vehicule in the Ancient Near East occurs in a space who is a leader for the taming, the training and the control of the big mammals. From the origins, at the end of the 4th millennium, an iconography develops linked with royal ideology (with social rituals). The social function is more important than the transport function. There is always a link with religion. Probably terracotta models have a votive function. There are numerous vehicles in the iconography at least until the first millennium BC. The themes are : hunting, domination, trampled enemy. There is a peak of quality in the ED IIIb. Globally the production is irregular: in some powerful estates
13
Lin, Yi-Chun. « Rough set based approach to supply chain modeling ». 2007. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0020-2307200715090300.
Texte intégral
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Lin, Yi-Chun, et 林宜君. « Rough set based approach to supply chain modeling ». Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/20074691994222346780.
Texte intégralRésumé :
碩士國立暨南國際大學
資訊管理學系
95
In recent years, supply chain management (SCM) has been touted as one of the major strategies of improving organizational performance and generating a competitive advantage. A growing number of firms have begun to realize the strategic importance of planning, controlling, and designing a supply chain as a whole. In an effort to help firms capture the spirit of integration and coordination across the supply chain and to subsequently make better supply chain decisions, (i) synthesize of past supply chain modeling efforts and (ii) a novel approach to modeling supply chain are required. This paper develops (i) a rough set based approach to reduce the complexity of data space and induct decision rules and (ii) the generic label correcting algorithm (GLC) incorporated with the decision rules to solve various supply chain modeling problems. (iii) an incremental technique reduce the time and complex of the data set with new added data. This proposed approach is agile because by combining various operators and comparators, different types of paths in the reduced networks can be solved with one algorithm. Furthermore, the cases, e.g., the supplier selection and location selection problems are illustrated.
15
mao, wu seng, et 吳松茂. « Stochastic simulation of the nonlinear dynamics of the Rouse chain ». Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/62944793745197123635.
Texte intégralRésumé :
碩士國立中正大學
化學工程研究所
90
Stochastic schemes are employed to simulate the nonlinear relaxation dynamics of the Rouse chain that lack close-form solutions. The validity of stochastic simulations is confirmed by showing excellent agreement between the simulation results and existing analytical solutions for the linear dynamics. By artificially separating the orientation and stretch retractions of a Rouse chain following single step-strain deformations, the coupling between these two molecular mechanisms can be investigated. The simulation results show that un-relaxed chain tension will lead to a general delay in the corresponding orientation relaxation. Similarly, the orientation relaxation also seems to have an important impact on the corresponding stretch relaxation. The implications of these findings are discussed. In contrast to the assumption in the Doi-Edwards model in modeling chain retraction of the primitive chain, the rate of chain retraction of a Rouse chain is found to be strain dependent. Based largely on the simulation results, we here propose a simple differential equation that describes the chain-stretch relaxation of the Rouse chain very well and applies to all strain magnitudes. The merit of the new proposal for primitive chain retraction is checked with an existing set of nonlinear relaxation data on a concentrated polystyrene solution.
16
Lin, Sung-Chieh, et 林松杰. « Classifying the Value of Downstream Supply Chain Firm Using Rough Sets Theory ». Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45588283129202875384.
Texte intégralRésumé :
碩士國立雲林科技大學
資訊管理系碩士班
95
Data Mining has been a maturely technology and it has been successfully applied to Customer Relationship Management (CRM). This research proposes a new method of valuation Analysis for Downstream Supply Chain Firm, which combined several technology of Data Mining. The proposed method could be more easy and efficient to discriminate who is the loyal customers, and provide the useful information to company for setting up the best selling strategy. This research focuses on two purposes：(1) Propose the method of attribute discretization to enhance classifier of Rough Sets; (2) Find out the target customers and characteristics of customers to do well customer relationship management for companies. In verification, this study collects a real dataset to verify the proposed method, the real dataset is the purchased records of customers from database of Company C. ie., firstly, utilize RFM(Recently、Frequency、Monetary) Model to get measure point for Customer Valuation. Secondly, take aggregated measure point to cluster customers by K-means. Lastly, use customer clustering as class and related attributes to produce the rule of Customer Valuation from Rough Sets classifier. The results can help C Company to differentiate and manage customers quickly. And, those rules could be applied to the other business to create the best benefit for the target customers.
17
Chung-Chi, Ko, et 柯忠祁. « A Complexation Route Toward Controlled Chain Architecture : Supramolecular Star-like and Comb-like Polymer Complexes ». Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92089732519229105909.
Texte intégralRésumé :
碩士國立清華大學
化學工程學系
88
Abstract This thesis contains investigated the microstructure of comb-like and star-like polymer complexes. The comb-like complexes were created through complexation of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA). Hydrogen-bonding interaction between PEO and DBSA was observed from the result of fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), the birefringence pattern viewed under polarized optical microscopy (POM) showed that PEO(DBSA)x complexes exhibited mesomorphic phases. Small angle X-ray scatting (SAXS) and wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) revealed the microphase separated lamellar structure in the complexes, where the POM chains were inserted into the DBSA layers and were highly-stretched. Since the PEO chains were confined in the DBSA lamella, the crystallization of PEO was completely prohibited except for very degree of complexation (x=0.1). The mesophase isotropization temperatures of the complexes were higher than that of DBSA. In other words, complexes with PEO had improved the stability of mesophase. The rate of mesophase formation in the complexes was much faster than that of pure DBSA. This was attributed to the presence of local concentration fluctuation in the melt of the complexes. The second part of the thesis investigated the star-like polymer complexes. We report the creation of star-like chain architecture through complexation of a mono-amino terminated poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-NH2) with a macrocyclic compound, 4-sulfonic calix[n]arene(n=4 and 8) (SCA-n). The complexes were prepared in aqueous solution to render proton transfer from the sulfonic acid groups in SCA-n to the amino groups in PEO-NH2, and thereby generated 4- and 8-arm star-like complexes with the PEO arms attached to the SCA-n cores via ionic bonding. Formation of the star-like complexes was verified by titration, solubility test, and dilute solution viscometry. The intrinsic viscosities ([h]) of the complexes in toluene were 60% higher than that of neat PEO-NH2, showing that the star structure retained in nonpolar solvents. On the other hand, PEO arms dissociated from the cores in water, so that the complexes and neat PEO-NH2 displayed similar [h]. The star-like complexes showed a SAXS peak associated with the core-core correlation in the melt with the inter-core distance of 7.3 nm. The concentration fluctuation in the melt was completely destroyed upon the crystallization of PEO arms. In the semicrystalline state, the SCA-n cores were excluded from the crystal lattice and resided in the interlamellar amorphous regions. Measurements of the crystal thickness by SAXS indicated that the crystals were once- and twice-folded in neat PEO-NH2 and the complexes crystallized at 40℃ respectively. The growth rate of the star-like complexes was slower than that of pure PEO, and the effect magnified as the number of arms increased.
18
Lo, Haui-Wei, et 羅懷暐. « Multi-objective decision making analysis combined with rough set theory in supply chain networkdecision making problems ». Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/gg88e5.
Texte intégralRésumé :
碩士國立臺北科技大學
工業工程與管理系碩士班
101
In general, there are more than one goal in supply chain management (SCM); such as, total cost minimization and service level maximization for target planning when choosing a supplier. There may be many constraints among suppliers, manufacturers, distributors and customers in supply chain network analysis; however, how to meet these conditions, to achieve each goal with an ideal level and to control input and output of supply chain network as well as other decision variables are the multi-objective decision problem. In the past, several feasible solutions of this kind of problems could be provided for decision maker to choose from a set of solutions. A decision maker could choose an optimal solution based on personal preference and experience. Nevertheless, this kind of decision may vary from person to person. In order to make each decision quality has rules to follow and stable, this study applies data mining and derives some decision rules among a set of solutions. Moreover, the iii method could also become the base of knowledge management. The objective functions of the supply chain network design are to minimize of total cost and maximize the service levels. Capacity, balance of supply and demand, customers’ requirement and other constraints are also taken into consideration. To help a decision maker to make the most practical decision, this study applies the Genetic Algorithm to obtain a set of feasible solutions. Then, we use the Cluster Analysis to categorize these solutions and generate the decision rules through Rough Set Theory. This integrated method considers various variables and makes supply and demand more stable. Based on decision rules, a decision maker could make a decision easily and objectively. In the study, a precision machinery assembly company is chosen as an example. According to this real data and supply chain network design, the empirical case study shows the model is practical and effective.
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Guo, Yu-Quan, et 郭育銓. « Combining Data Envelopment Analysis and Rough Set Theory Approach to Analyze Efficiency of 3C Chain Store ». Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61492089414467938728.
Texte intégralRésumé :
碩士亞洲大學
國際企業學系碩士班
101
The computer, communication, and consumer electronic (3C) industries are flourishing throughout the world and 3C chain stores are spring up like mushrooms in Taiwan. In addition, market competition has also become more furious. Competitive Concerns among 3C chain stores are turning from price wars toward consumers, marketing, and operational efficiency. This has created more competitive advantages; in particular, distributors have gradually begun to focus on operational efficiency. Therefore, this research studied the 18 branches of a 3C chain store in central Taiwan and is based on their relevant information from 2009 to 2011. This study analyzed two stages of the 3C market operational efficiency model.The initial stage of the application is Data Envelopment Analysis, using input variables including the number of employees, the store floor number, opening hours. In addition, total sales of the major commodities, consumer numbers, and customer conversion rates constitute the output variables. These variables construct the assessment model for 3C chain stores. Second, the rough set theory can be used with (or without) the rules of operational efficiency. According to the results of this study, the most branches can achieve operational efficiency. This study advances theory and managerial implications of practice, serving as a reference to improve 3C chain stores’ operating efficiency.
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Liu, Shu-Hung, et 劉書宏. « Application of Genetic Algorithm to Optimizing Timely Delivery Route of Fresh Pork to Shanghai Supermarket Chain ». Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/40340755621879232287.
Texte intégralRésumé :
碩士國立東華大學
企業管理學系
98
Along with the repid development of Shanghai’s economy is the demand for efficient city delivery. Food safety and quality of the food supply chain management are concerns of the consumers. Timely delivery of fresh products is regarded as an important trend for modern logistics service. China’s development plan calls for the establishment of wholesale markets, distribution centers, efficient cold chains, and modern transportation, marketing and retailing functions for meat products. Low temperature distribution is the weakest link in China’s logistics system, mainly due to low efficiency, high deterioration rate caused by inadequate delivery operations. Therefore only by optimizaing the low-temperature logistics and distribution programs can these deficiencies be effectively compensated. This paper deals with the cold chain distribution problem of fresh pork products, from the supermarket chain’s perspective. It analyzes the daily low temperature pork delivery problem using the 63 stores of the three major supermarket chains in Shanghai (E-Mart, Tesco, Century Lianhua) as an example. The research developes a modified vehicle routing model with soft vehicle loading and store delivery time window constraints, and devises a genetic algorithm code to optimize the delivery problem using MATLAB 7.1. Various versions of the problems with different settings have been tested with convergent solutions. Comparisons of the results are made to show the suitability and convergence of the solution approach.
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TSAI, CHIH-TSUNG, et 蔡志聰. « Using Rough Set Theory to Location Selection-with Application in Food and Beverage Chain Industry in Taiwan ». Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48840550710949965695.
Texte intégralRésumé :
碩士輔仁大學
管理學院經營管理碩士學程
99
英文摘要 Title of Thesis: Using Rough Set Theory to Location Selection- with Application in Food and Beverage Chain Industry in Taiwan Name of Student: Chih-Tsung Tsai Advisor: Dr. Li-Fei Chen Total Page: 61 Keywords: rough set theory, location selection, location theory, food and beverage chain industry, classification Abstract: Increasing the number of business locations is an integral part of success within the service chain industry. Furthermore, a successful strategy depends on choosing the right business location. As for operations, following past successful models can reduce the risk of failure. In past, many studies have been done investigating the key factors of selecting locations and analyzing methods in statistics. For example, using a regression analysis or a cluster analysis can increase the chance of selecting the right locations based on application of historical data. There are various and complicated factors that affect the criteria of location selection. Most of the factors are developed from location theory; for instance, gravity model, spatial competition model, land use model, and continuous location model are used to explain the criteria of location selection from different dimensions. Many statistical analyses have assumptions in which the sample data must be normal and the sample size must be large enough in order to identify the results. In contrast, rough set theory (RST) deals with ambiguous information and creates rules based on data itself without the restriction of small sample size. As a result, it shows that RST can extract key factors that affect store selection and create a better model for location decision making. Also, it allows us to gauge a store’s potential performance more effectively.
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SUNG, YI-WEI, et 宋奕緯. « A Network-Wide Time-Dependent Link Travel Time Estimation Problem with Users’ Trip-Chain Based Route Choice Behaviors ». Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38828391310824036180.
Texte intégralRésumé :
碩士國防大學
運籌管理學系
104
The network-wide time dependent link travel time estimation is an important research issue in transportation planning and traffic management fields. However, under time-dependent travelers’ route choice behavior, the state of traffic flow propagation over a network both in spatial and temporal dimensions must follow the first-in first (FIFO) out principle and reflect the flow oversaturation limited of road capacity. Otherwise, the violation of which will make the planning results useless in practical application. Moreover, the traveler’s route choice behavior of current urban transportation is a trip-chain pattern and tends to optimize their departure time. If the model neglects any probable travel behaviors, it is unable to interpret accurately the traveler’s behaviors. Therefore, from a network perspective, there are three claims should be satisfied in the time-dependent link travel time estimate models. Firstly, the state of traffic flow propagation over a network both in spatial and temporal dimensions under FIFO principle and link capacitated constraints must be considered. Secondly, time dependent users’ departure time/trip-chain based route choice behaviors should be realistically described. Finally, the link travel time in each time interval should be forecasted. This paper proposed a bi-level programming approach to formulate a more general model which is the time dependent link travel time estimate model with travelers departure time/trip-chain route choice behaviors and FIFO and link outflow capacitated constraints. An iteration scheme solution algorithm and Lagrangian-gradient projection method is developed to solve this model. Numerical examples are provided for model validation purposes. Finally, this study expects to predict link travel time and reflect users’ travel behaviors more accurately in practical application.
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Chiang, Yu-Chen, et 姜禹辰. « Applying Markov Chain to Study the Node-to-Node Dynamic Route Choice Behavior under the influence of In-Vehicle Guidance ». Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65811912169204894905.
Texte intégralRésumé :
碩士淡江大學
運輸管理學系碩士班
93
Markovian Decision Process can be referred to a series stochastic decision with a number of states. The transition probabilities between the states are described by a Markov chain. The applications of Markov Decision Process or the related concept of Markov Chain can therefore be found in wide range of problems including these in Transportation such as Dynamic Traffic Assignment (DTA), dynamic analyses in Pavement Management System (PMS) and other problems with state-dependent nature. Of particular importance is the application of dynamic programming to obtain the optimal solution of stochastic Markovian decisions. The node-to-node dynamic route choice behavior is of the most interest to study the individual driver’s route choices under the influence of the route guidance information where individual driver makes consecutive route switch decisions along with the traveling route. This particular issue has been successfully modeled with various forms and extensions under the notion of the “Indifference Bands” applied with Probit model specifications by Tong and his students at Tamkang University in recent years. The probability of “swithching” or “route choice” at each decision node along the route can therefore be estimated under these model specifications. The analogy seems quite attractive to examine the so-called “node-to-node” dynamic decision to the state-to-state Markovian Decision Process. In this thesis, the “state” was defined at each decision node and the transition probabilities and the associated transition matrices were derived from the probabilities estimated from the node-to-node behavior model under three various definitions of dynamic switches at each node. A statistical test was performed to evaluate the hypothesis of first order Markov Chain. The data bases for this thesis were compiled from two previous experiments under simulated environment using a special purpose in-vehicle guidance simulator applied to Taipei metropolitan area. The statistical tests results have confirmed that the node-to-node decision can be successfully referred to fit into a first-order Markovian Process at individual level. In addition, the study has also demonstrated the application of dynamic programming to obtain an optimal cause of routing decision for the individual driver. These results have suggested the further study to develop the dynamic route guidance strategies based on the current modeling treatments and findings. The analysis of aggregate behavior based on similar concept can be encouraged as well.
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Nien, Wei-Ming, et 粘維銘. « Synthesis of Soft-Chain Polyisocyanates Made from Diamino-Siloxanes and Diphenyl Carbonate by a Non-Phosgene Route and Apply to Elastomeric Polyurethane ». Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76520118964617881502.
Texte intégralRésumé :
碩士國立中興大學
化學工程學系所
104
In pursuit of green processes for synthesizing organic products and polymers, an efficient non-phosegeneroute (NPR) of polydimethylsiloxane-diisocyanates (PDMS-diisocyanate) formation has been devised by reaction of biscarbamates from polydimethylsiloxanediamine (PDMS-diamine) and diphenylcarbonate (DPC).The results showed that the high-yield of biscarbamates and PDMS-isocyanate products can be produced with solvent- and catalyst- free processes. The phenol by-product can be isolated with high recovery yield of > 90% for recycling use. Then, the varieties of PDMS-PU elastomers were synthesizes from PDMS-diisocyanate as raw materials. The elastomeric polyurethanes prepared fromPDMS-diisocyanate and butandiol (BDO) were used as the soft-segment pre-polymer,and they were chain-extended with different diisocyanate, such as IPDI,TMXDI,and H12MDIin varied proportions.In general, high molecular weight polyurethane elastomers have been prepared in good yields for all siloxane-containing PUEs except for the case of MDI because of incompatibility. Although more detailed accounst and optimized study of this PDMS-diisocyanate through NPR syntheses might be need. PU elastomer prepared fromPDMS-diisocyanate of 800 equivalent weight with BDO/IPDI in 50% as the hard segment was found to be highly desirablefor having a high contact angle,high transprancey, and asequate mechanical properties.Whereas,the PU elastomer prepared from H12MDIseries possess a highest heat resistant properties with highest Tgh of 112℃.
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Kemper, Marie-Theres. « Immobilité mobile et (in) attention portée à l étranger chez Jean-Philippe Toussaint et Éric Chevillard : La Salle de bain, Autoportrait (à l' étranger), Oreille Rouge et Choir ». Master's thesis, 2015. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/80692.
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Kemper, Marie-Theres. « Immobilité mobile et (in) attention portée à l étranger chez Jean-Philippe Toussaint et Éric Chevillard : La Salle de bain, Autoportrait (à l' étranger), Oreille Rouge et Choir ». Dissertação, 2015. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/80692.
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Benmansour, Soufiane. « Optimizing routes using the vehicle routing problem ». Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/132394.
Texte intégralRésumé :
With the emergence of e-commerce and its significant growth during the COVID-19 pandemic, more people aim to ship their products as fast as possible. More organizations such as DHL and USPS invest vast amounts of money in minimizing transportation costs while finding the shortest route that the delivery man should take to reach different destinations. My Work Project will evolve around studying the Vehicle Routing Problem that uses different algorithms to find the shortest route depending on various constraints. This project will include four parts: a literature review expressing an overview of the vehicle routing issue; then a state of the art of algorithm to understand the meaning behind the main algorithms. Finally, build a code (coding platform) using the algorithms discussed previously to solve a situation for the traveling salesman person and VRP.
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Xu, Sanlin. « Mobility Metrics for Routing in MANETs ». Phd thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/49272.
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A Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of wireless mobile nodes forming a temporary network without the need for base stations or any other pre–existing network infrastructure. In a peer-to-peer fashion, mobile nodes can communicate with each other by using wireless multihop communication. Due to its low cost, high flexibility, fast network establishment and self-reconfiguration, ad hoc networking has received much interest during the last ten years. However, without a fixed infrastructure, frequent path changes cause significant numbers of routing packets to discover new paths, leading to increased network congestion and transmission latency over fixed networks. Many on-demand routing protocols have been developed by using various routing mobility metrics to choose the most reliable routes, while dealing with the primary obstacle caused by node mobility. ¶ In the first part, we have developed an analysis framework for mobility metrics in random mobility model. ... ¶ In the second part, we investigate the mobility metric applications on caching strategies and hierarchy routing algorithm. ...
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Hanke, Elke. « Struktureigenschaften und molekulare Dynamik flüssiger Ethylenglykol-Oligomere und ihrer Mischungen mit Wasser ». Doctoral thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-B461-C.
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Guilherme, Edgar Wchua Pires. « O problema de orientação de equipas capacitado com janelas temporais aplicado à recolha e transporte de leite cru ». Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/46752.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia e Gestão Industrialglobalização obriga, de certa forma, a que as empresas tenham maior rigor na qualidade dos produtos e serviços prestados, bem como a entrega dos produtos e serviços certos, nos locais certos e nas horas certas, aumentando assim os seus níveis de serviço. Um setor muito importante nesse processo, porém muito dispendioso, é o transporte, o que torna essencial a sua incessante otimização com vista a minimizar os seus custos. Nesta dissertação propõe-se a aplicação de modelos baseados nos problemas de orientação de equipas com restrições de capacidades e janelas temporais com vista a otimizar a recolha e transporte de leite cru por parte das pequenas e médias empresas portuguesas. Inicialmente apresenta-se o atual estado da arte sobre os problemas de orientação, nomeadamente as diversas variantes dos problemas de orientação de equipas. De seguida é exposto o estado da arte dos algoritmos genéticos bem como da framework BRKGA. Apresenta-se o problema da recolha e transporte de leite cru em Portugal por parte das pequenas e médias empresas bem como a modelação do mesmo num modelo matemático representativo para a obtenção de soluções a nível computacional. Apresenta-se a aplicação standalone desenvolvida, em linguagem C++ com recurso ao IDE NetBeans e o Qt Creator, para facilitar a criação de instâncias e obtenção de soluções para as mesmas. Apresenta-se ainda a análise dos resultados experimentais obtidos nos testes computacionais realizados às diversas instâncias geradas aleatoriamente. Os resultados são expostos em folhas de cálculo e gráficos para permitir uma melhor análise dos mesmos. Por fim, são expostas as principais conclusões retiradas do trabalho desenvolvido e as metas para um trabalho futuro.
Globalization forces, in a way, the companies have greater rigour in the quality of products and services, as well as the delivery of right goods and services, in the right places and at the right time, thereby increasing their levels of services. A very important sector in that process, though very expensive, is transport. Therefore, it is essential a continuous optimization in order to reduce their costs. This dissertation proposes the application of models based on the capacitated team orienteering problems with time windows constraints in order to optimize the collection and transport of raw milk from small and medium-sized Portuguese’s enterprises. Initially presented the current state of the art about the orienteering problems, particularly the several variants of teams orienteering problems. Then is presented the state of the art of genetic algorithms as well as of the framework BRKGA. It is presented the problem of the collection and transport of raw milk in Portugal by small and medium-sized enterprises as well as the modelling of a representative mathematical model in order to obtain solutions in a computational level. It is presented the standalone application developed in C++ using the NetBeans IDE and the Qt Creator IDE to facilitate the creation of instances and obtaining solutions for them. Presents the analysis of the results obtained in tests conducted at several instances randomly generated. The results are displayed in spreadsheets and graphics for a better analysis of them. Finally, the main conclusions from this work and the goals for future work are exposed.
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El-Khatib, Mayar. « Highway Development Decision-Making Under Uncertainty : Analysis, Critique and Advancement ». Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/5741.
Texte intégralRésumé :
While decision-making under uncertainty is a major universal problem, its implications in the field of transportation systems are especially enormous; where the benefits of right decisions are tremendous, the consequences of wrong ones are potentially disastrous.
In the realm of highway systems, decisions related to the highway configuration (number of lanes, right of way, etc.) need to incorporate both the traffic demand and land price uncertainties. In the literature, these uncertainties have generally been modeled using the Geometric Brownian Motion (GBM) process, which has been used extensively in modeling many other real life phenomena. But few scholars, including those who used the GBM in highway configuration decisions, have offered any rigorous justification for the use of this model.
This thesis attempts to offer a detailed analysis of various aspects of transportation systems in relation to decision-making. It reveals some general insights as well as a new concept that extends the notion of opportunity cost to situations where wrong decisions could be made. Claiming deficiency of the GBM model, it also introduces a new formulation that utilizes a large and flexible parametric family of jump models (i.e., Lévy processes). To validate this claim, data related to traffic demand and land prices were collected and analyzed to reveal that their distributions, heavy-tailed and asymmetric, do not match well with the GBM model. As a remedy, this research used the Merton, Kou, and negative inverse Gaussian Lévy processes as possible alternatives.
Though the results show indifference in relation to final decisions among the models, mathematically, they improve the precision of uncertainty models and the decision-making process. This furthers the quest for optimality in highway projects and beyond.