Thèses sur le sujet « Cellule staminali mesenchimali umane »
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Focaroli, Stefano <1982>. « Scaffold funzionali per il differenziamento condrogenico di cellule staminali mesenchimali umane ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7527/4/tesi_stefano_focaroli.pdf.
Texte intégralTissue engineering is an interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary field that aims at the developmentof biological substitutes that restore, mantain, or improve tissue function. Concerning the articular cartilage many improvments were made, but the complete tissue restoration approach still lacking. In the first part of this work, it was evaluated the ability of a gelatin scaffold to promote the condrogenic differentiation of ADSCs. Successively, in order to obtain a low cost sistem, a based alginate/Cobalt scaffold was designed with the aim to take advantage of the physical features of the cartilage tissue. Finally, it was developted a cost effective method to produce microfluidic chips with the aim to obtain micro-systems for cell encapsulation.
Focaroli, Stefano <1982>. « Scaffold funzionali per il differenziamento condrogenico di cellule staminali mesenchimali umane ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7527/.
Texte intégralTissue engineering is an interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary field that aims at the developmentof biological substitutes that restore, mantain, or improve tissue function. Concerning the articular cartilage many improvments were made, but the complete tissue restoration approach still lacking. In the first part of this work, it was evaluated the ability of a gelatin scaffold to promote the condrogenic differentiation of ADSCs. Successively, in order to obtain a low cost sistem, a based alginate/Cobalt scaffold was designed with the aim to take advantage of the physical features of the cartilage tissue. Finally, it was developted a cost effective method to produce microfluidic chips with the aim to obtain micro-systems for cell encapsulation.
CALDARA, CRISTINA. « Effetto di diverse sostanze sul differenziamento mesengenico di cellule staminali mesenchimali umane ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/49729.
Texte intégralLanzoni, Giacomo <1982>. « Cellule staminali mesenchimali umane da molteplici tessuti adulti : caratteristiche condivise e tessuto-specificità ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2768/2/Lanzoni_Giacomo_Tesi.pdf.
Texte intégralLanzoni, Giacomo <1982>. « Cellule staminali mesenchimali umane da molteplici tessuti adulti : caratteristiche condivise e tessuto-specificità ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2768/.
Texte intégralBarbagallo, Ignazio Alberto. « Effetto dell'Iperglicemia nel differenziamento di Cellule Staminali Mesenchimali Umane in Osteoblasti:Ruolo dell'Eme Ossigenasi 1 ». Thesis, Università degli Studi di Catania, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/169.
Texte intégralHuman bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are pleiotrophic cells that differentiate to either adipocytes or osteoblasts as a result of crosstalk by specific signaling pathways including heme oxygenase (HO)-1/-2 expression. We examined the effect of inducers of HO-1 expression and inhibitors of HO activity on MSC differentiation to the osteoblast and following high glucose exposure. MSC cultured in osteogenic medium increased expression of osteonectin, Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX-2), osteocalcin, and alkaline phosphatase. HO-1 expression during differentiation was initially decreased and then followed by a rebound increase after 15 days of culture. Additionally, the effect of HO-1 on osteoblasts appears different to that seen in adipocyte stem cells. On addition of a cobalt compound, the resultant induction of HO-1 decreases adipogenesis. Moreover, glucose (30 mM) inhibited osteoblast differentiation, as evidenced by decreased bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2, osteonectin, osteocalcin, and osteoprotegerin (OPG). In contrast, MSC-derived adipocytes were increased by glucose. Increased HO-1 expression increased the levels of osteonectin, OPG, and BMP-2. Inhibition of HO activity prevented the increase in osteonectin and potentiated the decrease of osteocalcin and OPG in cells exposed to high glucose levels. Furthermore, targeting HO-1 expression increased pAMPK and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and restored osteoblastic markers. Our findings suggest that targeting HO-1 gene expression attenuates the hyperglycemia-mediated decrease in MSC-derived osteoblast differentiation. Finally, the mechanism underlying the HO-1-specific cell effect on osteoblasts and adipocytes is yet to be explored. Thus, the targeting of HO-1 gene expression presents a portal to increase osteoblast function and differentiation and attenuate osteoporosis by promoting bone formation
Bulj, Zrinka <1983>. « Studio del ruolo della Protein chinasi B/Akt nella migrazione di Cellule Staminali Mesenchimali umane ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5154/1/Bulj_Zrinka_tesi.pdf.
Texte intégralHuman Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (hMSC) are currently tested in several clinical trials. In spite of hMSC efficacy is frequently linked to their ability to reach the affected site, little is known on their migratory behavior and the underlying mechanism. This study was designed to investigate the migratory behavior of hMSC and to test the involvement of Akt, also known as protein kinase B. Akt protein expression and phosphorylation was investigated in hMSC western blotting analysis. Cell migration was assessed by transwell, wound healing and time lapse in vivo motility assays. MSC results fairly migratory and Akt was strongly activated at basal level. Furthermore, the characterization of the major regulatory proteins and effectors, upstream and downstream of Akt, has led to the conclusion that the cascade of reactions of this signaling pathway in hMSC follows a canonical pathway. Pharmacological inhibitors were used to determine the potential mechanism responsible for cell migration and invasion. Blocking PI3K/Akt pathway resulted in decreased hMSC migration. The use of pharmacological inhibitors specific for individual Akt isoforms allowed us to discriminate the different role of Akt1 and Akt2 in the migration of the hMSC. Through our analysis, we demonstrated that pharmacological inactivation of Akt2, but not that of Akt1, significantly decreased cell migration and invasion. Although these results are not fully comprehensive for the understanding of the phenomenon, in the complex indicate that the activation of Akt2 plays a critical role in allowing the migration of the hMSC. The demonstration that the Akt2 isoform is required for the chemotaxis of direct hMSC, makes this kinase a potential pharmacological target to modulate the migration of such cells.
Bulj, Zrinka <1983>. « Studio del ruolo della Protein chinasi B/Akt nella migrazione di Cellule Staminali Mesenchimali umane ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5154/.
Texte intégralHuman Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (hMSC) are currently tested in several clinical trials. In spite of hMSC efficacy is frequently linked to their ability to reach the affected site, little is known on their migratory behavior and the underlying mechanism. This study was designed to investigate the migratory behavior of hMSC and to test the involvement of Akt, also known as protein kinase B. Akt protein expression and phosphorylation was investigated in hMSC western blotting analysis. Cell migration was assessed by transwell, wound healing and time lapse in vivo motility assays. MSC results fairly migratory and Akt was strongly activated at basal level. Furthermore, the characterization of the major regulatory proteins and effectors, upstream and downstream of Akt, has led to the conclusion that the cascade of reactions of this signaling pathway in hMSC follows a canonical pathway. Pharmacological inhibitors were used to determine the potential mechanism responsible for cell migration and invasion. Blocking PI3K/Akt pathway resulted in decreased hMSC migration. The use of pharmacological inhibitors specific for individual Akt isoforms allowed us to discriminate the different role of Akt1 and Akt2 in the migration of the hMSC. Through our analysis, we demonstrated that pharmacological inactivation of Akt2, but not that of Akt1, significantly decreased cell migration and invasion. Although these results are not fully comprehensive for the understanding of the phenomenon, in the complex indicate that the activation of Akt2 plays a critical role in allowing the migration of the hMSC. The demonstration that the Akt2 isoform is required for the chemotaxis of direct hMSC, makes this kinase a potential pharmacological target to modulate the migration of such cells.
Mancini, Stefania. « Ruolo degli adipociti nell’emopoiesi umana ». Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/242863.
Texte intégralAdipocytes are a cell population largely located in the human bone marrow cavity. In this specific microenvironment where adipocytes can interact with a variety of different cells, the role of fat is mainly unknown. To our knowledge, this report is the first to characterize mature adipocytes isolated from human bone marrow (BM-A) molecularly and functionally to better understand their roles into the hematopoietic microenvironment. Healthy BM-A were isolated after collagenase digestion and filtration. We studied the morphology of BMA, their gene expression and immunophenotypic profile and their functional ability in the hematopoietic microenvironment, comparing them with adipocytes derived from adipose tissue (AT-A). BM-A showed a unilocular lipid morphology similar to AT-A and did not lose their morphology in culture; they showed a comparable pattern of stem cell-surface antigens to AT-A. In line with these observations, molecular data showed that BM-A expressed some embryonic stem cells genes, such as Oct4, KLf4, c-myc, Gata4, Tbx1, and Sox17, whereas they did not express the stem cell markers Sox2 and Nanog. Moreover, BM-A had long telomeres that were similar to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Notably, BM-A supported the survival and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells in long-term cultures. These results showed that BM-A are stromal cells with a gene expression pattern that distinguished them from AT-A. BM-A showed stem cell properties through their hematopoietic supporting function, which was certainly linked to their role in the maintenance of the bone marrow microenvironment. Depending on specific demands, BM-A may acquire different functions based on their local environment.
Chioato, Tatiana. « Studio delle capacità differenziative e della potenzialità terapeutica di cellule staminali mesenchimali umane isolate da cordone ombelicale e sangue cordonale nelle malattie epatiche acute ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3427456.
Texte intégralIl trapianto di fegato rappresenta l’unica opzione terapeutica per malattie croniche del fegato in fase terminale e in casi selezionati di insufficienza epatica acuta. Esiste ancora tuttavia un notevole divario fra le donazioni d’organo ed il numero di pazienti in lista d’attesa, divario che ha portato alla ricerca di terapie alternative. In questo contesto le cellule staminali potenzialmente potrebbero svolgere un ruolo di primaria importanza nella terapia cellulare. Tra i vari tipi di cellule staminali, le cellule mesenchimali risultano particolarmente interessanti, in quanto possono essere isolate non solo da vari tipi di tessuti adulti, ma anche da tessuti di derivazione fetale, quali cordone, sangue cordonale e placenta, e possono essere indotte a differenziarsi in numerosi tipi cellulari diversi. Tuttavia, soprattutto per quanto riguarda le cellule isolate da tessuti di derivazione fetale, non è ancora completamente chiarito il reale potenziale proliferativo e differenziativo. Lo scopo di questo lavoro è stato quello di isolare una popolazione di cellule con caratteristiche mesenchimali da cordone ombelicale (UC) e sangue cordonale umano (UCB). Una volta verificata in vitro la loro capacità di differenziare in cellule di origine mesodermica (adipociti e osteoblasti), è stata testata la loro capacità di differenziare verso la linea epatocitaria utilizzando un terreno contenente fattori di crescita epatogenici e come supporto per le colture due diverse matrici extracellulari o la plastica non trattata. Infine è stata valutata la capacità di engraftment in vivo delle MSC isolate da UC in un modello di danno acuto indotto da CCl4. Le cellule staminali mesenchimali isolate hanno mostrato la capacità di rispondere agli stimoli differenziativi epatogenici sovraregolando l’espressione di marcatori epatici. In particolare le cellule isolate da UC hanno evidenziato la capacità di differenziare in cellule simil-epatocitarie funzionali come dimostra la positività alla colorazione PAS per l’accumulo di glicogeno e il saggio ELISA per la produzione di albumina. I risultati ottenuti dimostrano che il differenziamento non necessita dell’utilizzo di nessuna matrice extra-cellulare come supporto per la crescita delle cellule e il mantenimento della loro funzionalità nel tempo come invece avviene per gli epatociti maturi messi in coltura. Inoltre le MSC da UC somministrate ad animali sottoposti a danno epatico acuto da CCl4, hanno dimostrato di contribuire alla rigenerazione completa dell’organo, anche se il meccanismo d’azione resta ancora da indagare. La dimostrazione in vitro della plasticità delle MSC da UC e UCB non solo verso la linea mesodermica ma anche verso la linea endodermica e la loro capacità in vivo di contribuire alla rigenerazione epatica, rappresenta un risultato utile sulla futura applicazione di tali cellule nella terapia delle malattie epatiche acute e croniche. Inoltre, essendo completamente accessibili, privi di qualsiasi implicazione etica e di rischio nella raccolta, il sangue cordonale e il cordone ombelicale potrebbero diventare due fonti di elezione per l’ottenimento di cellule staminali multipotenti
Marchionni, Cosetta <1972>. « Trombocitopenia con assenza del radio (sindrome TAR) : verifica funzionale di due mutazioni nella regione del promotore del TGFβ2 e studio delle cellule staminali mesenchimali ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2007. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/512/1/TesiCosettaMarchionni.pdf.
Texte intégralMarchionni, Cosetta <1972>. « Trombocitopenia con assenza del radio (sindrome TAR) : verifica funzionale di due mutazioni nella regione del promotore del TGFβ2 e studio delle cellule staminali mesenchimali ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2007. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/512/.
Texte intégralTuretta, Michela. « Studio in vitro e in vivo della capacità differenziativa di cellule CD105 positive da cordone ombelicale e da sangue cordonale umano ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3425165.
Texte intégralRAVASI, MADDALENA. « Cellule staminali mesenchimali (msc) nelle patologie demielinizzanti : studio in vitro della promozione della sopravvivenza di neuroni e della formazione della mielina da parte di msc ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/7472.
Texte intégralMAURI, MARIO. « Cellule staminali mesenchimali : potenziali modulatori del sistema nervoso centrale ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/39835.
Texte intégralMaurizi, Giulia. « Caratterizzazione fenotipica, molecolare e proprietà immunoregolatorie delle cellule staminali mesenchimali ». Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/242057.
Texte intégralMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising candidates for cell therapy and tissue engineering. In previous studies, the most important source of MSCs was adult bone marrow (BM). Recently, MSCs with similar cell surface markers and differentiation capacity have also been found in developmentally younger tissues. This study showed data from fetal MSCs obtained from first-trimester chorionic villi (CV) and second trimester amniotic fluid (AF), comparing them with BM. The work reports on growth in human allogeneic serum (HS) and platelet lysate (PL), immunophenotype, cytokine expression profile and immunoregulatory activity of fetal MSCs on stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear lymphocyte subpopulations. The cells studied was analyzed also for telomere length, telomerase activity, hTERT, p53 and cmyc transcriptions, to evaluate their replicative stability. Spontaneous chromosomal alterations were excluded by cytogenetic analysis. CV cells grow rapidly in HS, with 20 populations doublings (PDs) after 59 days (6 passages), and also in animal serum, with 27 PDs after 65 days (7 passages). PL allowed an expansion in 60% of the samples tested, though it was lower than HS. HS supported an average of 40 PDs of expansion in 20% of AF cells after 90 days, whereas animal serum supported 28.5 PDs in 66 days. CV and AF cells inhibited the proliferation of stimulated T lymphocytes, suppressing the growth of both CD4+ and CD8+ T subpopulations and, sometimes, CD19+ cells. Despite their high proliferation capacity, fetal MSCs showed no telomerase activity, no hTERT transcriptions and maintained long, stable telomeres. A constant expression level of p53 and c-myc and a normal karyotype were preserved throughout long-term expansion, suggesting the safety of fetal MSCs. In conclusion, these results indicate that CV would be an optimal and safety source of MSCs with high expansion potential in a HS propagation system, immunoregulatory capacity of T and B lymphocytes. More than 90% of CV samples achieved a large-scale expansion in HS, that is encouraging for potential clinical applications of these cells.
VELLECA, LUCIA. « PRODUZIONE DI CELLULE STAMINALI MESENCHIMALI PER APPLICAZIONI DI TERAPIA AVANZATA ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/231151.
Texte intégralABSTRACT Tissue Engineered products may carry cells or tissues either of human or animal origin. The cells and tissues shall be subjected to substantial manipulation in order to obtain biological characteristics, physiological functions or structural properties relevant for the intended regeneration, repair or replacement. For cells and tissues manipulated in vitro, the objective to be achieved in terms of control of production processes and quality of the final product is to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the products that would be placed in clinical use. Hence the need to act in accordance with the rules which define production processes used for drugs, in order to guarantee the quality and safery of the product.. The purpose of the work done during the PhD was the study and the development of production protocol for the generation of an innovative product for advanced therapies. It is a cellular product made of mesenchymal stem cells, good candidates for clinical applications in regenerative medicine. For this production, all stages, starting from the initial sample and up to the final product, must be carried out in an authorized pharmaceutical facility which operates in compliance with Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP). The purpose of these guidelines is to ensure that drugs are produced, analysed and released in a regime of controlled and certified quality minimizing the danger of unexpected risks for the patient. In the preliminary phase of the process the feasibility of the method was evaluated and the protocols to be used were defined. The feasibility phase allowed the development of procedures for the isolation, expansion and differentiation of stem cells. It was possible to evaluate the genomic stability and immunophenotypic features of the cells at different steps. All data obtained during the feasibility study have been fundamental to define the tests of quality control, product specifications and criteria of acceptability required for the subsequent validation of the process. The results presented in the feasibility study show that it is possible to transfer research protocols to a GMP framework which is potentially applicable in clinical trials. At the end of the validation process, which involves the production of three batches of cells, the specifications required for the incoming controls, during the production’s process and on the final product must comply with all the requirements. The future steps will be the validation of the aseptic process, through the execution of three mediafill and the risk assessment related to the production of batches intended for clinical use, in order to complete the series of documents required for the submission of an application for a clinical study.
BOSSIO, CATERINA. « TRANSDIFFERENZIAMENTO DI CELLULE STAMINALI MESENCHIMALI DI RODITORE IN CELLULE DEL SISTEMA NERVOSO CENTRALE ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/171967.
Texte intégralCARRI, A. DELLI. « GENERAZIONE DI NEURONI STRIATALI FUNZIONALI DA CELLULE STAMINALI EMBRIONALI UMANE ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/215120.
Texte intégralBabini, Lucia. « Ruolo del sistema FASL/FAS nella biologia delle cellule mesenchimali staminali ». Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/243016.
Texte intégralMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitor cells that can differentiate into several cell types. Bone marrow (BM)-MSCs mainly differentiate into osteoblasts or adipocytes. MSC interactions with their microenvironment directly affect their self-renewal/differentiation program. Here we show for the first time that FasL, a well-explored pro-apoptotic cytokine, can promote proliferation of BM-derived MSCs in vitro and inhibits their differentiation into adipocytes. BMMSCs treated with a low FasL dose (0.5 ng/ml) proliferated more rapidly than untreated cells without undergoing spontaneous differentiation or apoptosis, whereas higher doses (25 ng/ml) induced significant though not massive BM-MSC death, with surviving cells maintaining a stem cell phenotype. At the molecular level, 0.5 ng/ml FasL induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation and surviving up-regulation, whereas 25 ng/ml FasL induced caspase activation. Importantly, 25 ng/ml FasL reversibly prevented BM-MSC differentiation into adipocytes by modulating PPARγ and FABP4/aP2 expression induced by adipogenic medium. All such effects were inhibited by anti-Fas neutralizing antibody. The in vitro data regarding adipogenesis were confirmed using Faslpr mutant mice, where higher PPARγ and FABP4/aP2 mRNA and protein levels were documented in whole tibia. These data show that the FasL/Fas system plays a role in BM-MSC biology via regulation of both proliferation and adipogenesis. These findings may have clinical relevance because circulating Fas/FasL levels decline with age and several age-related conditions, including osteoporosis, are characterized by adipocyte accumulation in BM.
Magnasco, Alberto <1964>. « Ruolo delle cellule staminali mesenchimali in modelli cellulari e animali di nefropatia ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1085/1/Tesi_Magnasco_Alberto.pdf.
Texte intégralMagnasco, Alberto <1964>. « Ruolo delle cellule staminali mesenchimali in modelli cellulari e animali di nefropatia ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1085/.
Texte intégralBECCIA, Elisa. « Possibile uso delle cellule staminali mesenchimali amniotiche come terapia nella fibrosi cistica ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi del Molise, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11695/100844.
Texte intégralCystic fibrosis (CF) is a lethal, autosomal recessive inherited genetic disease caused by mutation on the Cystic Fibrosis Trasmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene encoding a cAMP-dependent channel protein that regulates transmembrane conduction of chloride, which is expressed on the apical membrane of epithelial cells. The basic defect of the airway epithelium in CF patients is due to a double defect in chloride secretion and sodium absorption that lead to an altered flow of fluids through the epithelium of the airways, resulting in an alteration of the airway’s mucociliary clearance, opportunistic bacterial infections, inflammation and severe lung damage. The main cause of morbidity and mortality is chronic inflammation affecting the lung. New drugs have been developed recently to act directly on the CFTR protein, in order to rescue the mutated CFTR processing and function. However, there are still mutations that still failed to be rescued by CFTR modulators. Cell therapy, on the other hand, being agnostic for mutation, has the possibility of being able to cure every patient. Recently have been investigated stem cells as potential therapeutic sources for CF. In addition to the bone marrow, stem cells derived from the amniotic membrane, human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSC) are very promising as they express stem cells markers and can differentiate into respiratory epithelial cells when they are co-cultured with immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells (CFBE14o-), homozygous for the F508del allele, the most frequent mutation in CF. The co-cultures also show an increased processing and conductance of the CFTR protein and a partial correction of other basic defects associated with the disease. Since these results are obtained only in co-cultures, it has been assumed that direct contact between hAMSC and CFBE14o- is necessary for the recovery of these defects. One of the objectives of this thesis was to understand the role of intercellular communication, mediated by gap junctions (GJ), in co-cultures that were studied for the expression and functionality of the Cx43 protein, one of the main components of GJ, before and after their silencing, obtained using a siRNA directed against the mRNA of interest. The results highlighted the fundamental role of GJ in the correction of the basic defects associated with CF by hAMSC. It was further investigated which molecular messenger could be transmitted through the GJ and, possibly, mediate the therapeutic effect of hAMSC. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are also transferred across GJ and their involvement in the expression levels of the CFTR protein has been demonstrated. In particular, miRNA-138 increases the expression of the CFTR protein by interacting with the SIN3A protein. The levels of miRNA-138 were then investigated by droplet digital PCR. Preliminary data show that wild-type CFTR cells have higher levels of miRNA-138 than cells with F508del mutation and that there is an upward trend in co-cultures. A further objective of the study was to investigate whether hAMSC can speed up the regeneration of the airway bronchial epithelium and the closure of the injury that continuously form under the chronic inflammatory stimulus in the lungs of CF patients. The results demonstrate that hAMSC added to a wound induced on a monolayer of CFBE14o-, are able to repair the damage with the same timing required for a simulated wound on a monolayer of wild type CFTR bronchial epithelial cells. Taking to account the data generated in the current study, it indicates the possible therapeutic utility of hAMSC in lung disease associated with CF. However, further studies on their mechanism of action conducted in models with closer resemblance to human CF pathology are required.
Ave, Elisa. « Le cellule mesenchimali staminali nella patogenesi della leucemia linfatica cronica di tipo B ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3427362.
Texte intégralLa leucemia linfatica cronica di tipo B (LLC-B) è la forma più comune di leucemia nell’adulto ed è caratterizzata dall'accumulo clonale di piccoli linfociti B CD5+ nel sangue periferico, nel midollo osseo e negli organi linfatici, dovuto sia ad un aumento della proliferazione che ad un difetto dei meccanismi di morte cellulare programmata. La resistenza all’apoptosi in questi linfociti favorisce la progressione della malattia attraverso un’aumentata sopravvivenza del clone neoplastico e l’induzione della resistenza ai farmaci citostatici. Tali alterazioni sono imputabili sia a fattori intrinseci che a fattori estrinseci derivanti dal microambiente. Poiché l’aumentata sopravvivenza ed il progressivo accumulo del clone linfocitario risultano selettivamente favoriti dall'interazione con cellule accessorie non tumorali presenti nel microambiente in cui esso risiede, in questa tesi abbiamo focalizzato l’attenzione sulle cellule mesenchimali staminali (MSC), allo scopo di valutare il loro ruolo nella sopravvivenza e nella compartimentalizzazione del clone B leucemico. Le MSC costituiscono una frazione esigua (inferiore allo 0,01%) della popolazione di cellule midollari, sono cellule staminali multipotenti in grado di differenziare in diversi tessuti di origine mesenchimale; sono inoltre dotate di proprietà immunomodulatorie verso linfociti B, T, Natural Killer e cellule dendritiche. In questa tesi le MSC sono state isolate dal sangue midollare di 47 pazienti affetti da LLC-B e sono state caratterizzate fenotipicamente e funzionalmente mediante analisi citofluorimetrica (positività per CD73, CD90 e CD105, negatività per CD31, CD34 e CD45) e colture differenziative (adipociti ed osteociti) confrontandole con MSC di donatori sani. Successivamente si sono allestite co-colture di linfociti B di pazienti affetti da LLC e MSC allo scopo di valutare l’effetto delle MSC sul clone neoplastico di LLC. Le MSC ottenute dai pazienti non hanno presentato alterazioni dal punto di vista fenotipico né funzionale rispetto alle MSC di donatori sani, tuttavia esse hanno sviluppato interazioni capaci di favorire la sopravvivenza del clone leucemico. Gli esperimenti di co-coltura hanno dimostrato infatti che le MSC esercitano un effetto anti-apoptotico sui linfociti B neoplastici, documentato da un aumento significativo della sopravvivenza delle cellule B di LLC dopo 7 giorni di coltura, effetto verificatosi anche con MSC di donatori sani e invece molto meno marcato nei linfociti B normali. Tale attività anti-apoptotica si è osservata, seppur di minore intensità, anche nei linfociti B di pazienti sottoposti a trattamento chemioterapico in vivo con Fludabarina e Ciclofosfamide, suggerendo che le MSC possano essere implicate anche nei meccanismi di chemio resistenza del clone di LLC. Infine l’analisi della migrazione cellulare dei linfociti B patologici in presenza di terreno condizionato derivante dalle colture di MSC ha dimostrato la capacità delle MSC di produrre stimoli chemiotattici in grado di richiamare in sede midollare il clone maligno, ma non i linfociti B normali. I dati riportati suggeriscono che le MSC nei pazienti affetti da LLC-B, sebbene non mostrino alterazioni dal punto di vista fenotipico e funzionale, svolgono un ruolo attivo nel favorire la sopravvivenza e la compartimentalizzazione delle cellule B neoplastiche a livello midollare.
Tigano, Vincenzo Mario Marco. « I profili di rilevanza penale della ricerca scientifica sulle cellule staminali embrionali umane ». Thesis, Universita' degli Studi di Catania, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/369.
Texte intégralDoctoral thesis considers aspects of connection between advances in stem cell research and principles of criminal law. In the first chapter, after an analysis of the crime of experiment with human embryos, the author deals with necessary balance between protection of scientific research and safeguard of supernumeraries embryosà à à ¢ life. In the second chapter, the author examines the concept of à à à ¢ human dignityà à à ¢ , showing thoughts of philosophers and criminal lawà à à ¢ s experts. Configuration of à à à ¢ human dignityà à à ¢ as a collective right can allow a strong repression of human speciesà à à ¢ exploitation, made by embryosà à à ¢ cloning. The author examines disproportion of penalities provided, too. In the third chapter, the author examines possibilities of a criminal harmonisation in the EU about embryo research
Casadei, Emanuele. « Induzione del differenziamento osteogenico di cellule staminali mesenchimali tramite microstiramento musicale a frequenza variabile ». Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022.
Trouver le texte intégralCavallari, Giuseppe <1972>. « Capacità immunomodulatoria delle cellule staminali mesenchimali in un modello di trapianto d'organo in vivo ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1130/1/Tesi_Cavallari_Giuseppe.pdf.
Texte intégralCavallari, Giuseppe <1972>. « Capacità immunomodulatoria delle cellule staminali mesenchimali in un modello di trapianto d'organo in vivo ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1130/.
Texte intégralLEONIDA, ALESSANDRO. « Studio in vitro del processo di osteointegrazione mediante l'utilizzo di cellule staminali mesenchimali adulte ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/29719.
Texte intégralROFANI, CRISTINA. « Cellule staminali : studio di base, espansione ed applicazioni in ingegneria tissutale ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/878.
Texte intégralStem cells are very rare and this represents a big problem for clinical application. The use of umbilical cord blood, that could be a good alternative source of stem cells, is limited because of the poor number of stem cell that is not sufficient for transplantation. Accordingly, it will be very important to develop an assay to expand ex-vivo stem cell population. At the same time, for stem cell application in tissue engineering (for example bone tissue engineering) it could be very important to prepare a scaffold. This is why we studied an assay for ex-vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem cells isolated from cord blood and we did a screening of biomaterials for bone tissue engineering. A previous work reported that interleukin (IL)-16 can induce CD34+ hematopoietic cells to proliferate and differentiate in-vitro into phenotypically and functionally mature DCs. In this study, the effects of IL-16 on the expansion of CD34+ cells from human cord blood were investigated. IL-16 added to a basal cocktail (BC) composed of stem cell factor (SCF), Flt-3 ligand (FL), thrombopoietin (TPO), IL-6 e IL-3,of cytokines significantly enhanced the expansion of CD34+ cells, CD34+CD38-, early stem cells progenitor cells and long-term-culture-initiating-cells (LTC-IC). Moreover, CD34+ cells expanded with IL-16 maintained the capacity to differentiate into the lymphoid-B and -NK lineage. The addition of IL-16 to BC increased the migratory capacity of expanded CD34+ cells compared to BC alone and decreased the percentage of CD34+CD4+ cells. Overall, this study suggests that IL-16 may have a new role in promoting the expansion of hematopoietic stem cells and may represent a new tool for the expansion of CD34+ cells for clinical applications (Paper I). Scaffolds of different composition have been analysed to develop a novel multiphase biomaterial able to promote osteogenic differentiation of rabbit mesenchymal stem cells (rMSC). Results demonstrated that the multi-phase PCL/TZ-HA system showed improved rMSCs adhesion and osteoblast differentiation, thus demonstrating great potential for bone regeneration. (Paper II). Recent advances in tumour progression introduce the concept of cancer stem cells. According to this hypothesis, it will be important to identify new tumour markers and to develop new therapeutic strategies. Previous works demonstrated that increased expression of Eph receptors and their ephrin ligands have been implicated in promoting angiogenesis and tumour progression in several malignancies. Here the expression of mRNA for ephrin-B and EphB receptors in rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) cell lines and primary tumours were measured. A dysregulation of both ligands and receptors was found in all cell lines. A global up-regulation of ephrin-Bs and EphB receptors in RMS tumours was found. In embryonal tumours, a correlation between ligand and receptor was found. A correlation between EphB2 and EphB4 receptors was demonstrated in both tumour types. The dysregulation of ephrin-B and Eph-B in RMS and the correlations between ligand and receptors and between EphB2 and EphB4 suggest a possible role for ephrin-B and EphB in RMS development (Paper III).
Diceglie, C. « STUDIO NON INVASIVO DEL RUOLO DI CELLULE MESENCHIMALI STAMINALI NELLA PROGRESSIONE DI MODELLI DI CARCINOMA MAMMARIO ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/347375.
Texte intégralAlba, Anna. « Eventi precoci nel processo di interazione tra Cellule Staminali Mesenchimali e Biomateriali polimerici (PSS e PEI Multilayers) ». Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/3732.
Texte intégralGovoni, Marco <1977>. « Riparazione del danno ischemico ostruttivo del miocardio mediante cellule staminali mesenchimali sottoposte a stimolazione elettromeccanica in bioreattore ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1698/1/Govoni_Marco_tesi.pdf.
Texte intégralGovoni, Marco <1977>. « Riparazione del danno ischemico ostruttivo del miocardio mediante cellule staminali mesenchimali sottoposte a stimolazione elettromeccanica in bioreattore ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1698/.
Texte intégralMassa, Annamaria <1988>. « Il ruolo del microambiente extracellulare nella modulazione della staminalità e del differenziamento di cellule staminali mesenchimali (MSC) ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7400/1/Tesi_Annamaria_Massa.pdf.
Texte intégralMesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have been isolated from various tissues, including bone marrow, adipose tissue, and dental pulp for regenerative strategies in orthopaedics and dentistry. MSC are critical elements that may contribute to bone healing, either directly as osteoblast precursors or indirectly by producing cytokines and growth factors, and by modulating vascularization and inflammation. The infusion of MSC therefore represents a valuable therapeutic approach to enhance bone healing. However, the success of regenerative strategy may be hampered by an unfavourable microenvironment. The aim of this study was to investigate how physicochemical characteristics of extracellular microenvironment, including oxygen tension and extracellular acidity, can modulate the stemness and the osteogenic potential of MSC. We first examined whether a prolonged exposure to hypoxia affects the osteogenic differentiation of adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASC). The effect of oxygen tension was evaluated on cell proliferation, surface antigens, stemness gene and bone-related genes expression, alkaline phosphatase activity, mineral matrix deposition, and growth factor release. We demonstrated that hypoxia acts dually, promoting ASC proliferation and stemness in the absence of osteogenic stimuli, but also inducing their differentiation in a bone-like milieu. We subsequently investigated the effect of different levels of extracellular pH (6.5, 6.8, 7.1 and 7.4) on stemness and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells from dental pulp (DPSC). We were able to provide consistent evidence that an acidic microenvironment promotes the stemness state of DPSC. Moreover, extracellular acidosis significantly reduces cells growth, and push cells to reside in the quiescent G0 phase of the cell cycle. Finally, we demonstrated the inhibitory effect of acidic pH on the osteogenic potential of DPSC. Modulation of oxygen tension and extracellular pH variations must be considered when MSC are included as a therapeutic tool in bone-related applications.
Massa, Annamaria <1988>. « Il ruolo del microambiente extracellulare nella modulazione della staminalità e del differenziamento di cellule staminali mesenchimali (MSC) ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7400/.
Texte intégralMesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have been isolated from various tissues, including bone marrow, adipose tissue, and dental pulp for regenerative strategies in orthopaedics and dentistry. MSC are critical elements that may contribute to bone healing, either directly as osteoblast precursors or indirectly by producing cytokines and growth factors, and by modulating vascularization and inflammation. The infusion of MSC therefore represents a valuable therapeutic approach to enhance bone healing. However, the success of regenerative strategy may be hampered by an unfavourable microenvironment. The aim of this study was to investigate how physicochemical characteristics of extracellular microenvironment, including oxygen tension and extracellular acidity, can modulate the stemness and the osteogenic potential of MSC. We first examined whether a prolonged exposure to hypoxia affects the osteogenic differentiation of adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASC). The effect of oxygen tension was evaluated on cell proliferation, surface antigens, stemness gene and bone-related genes expression, alkaline phosphatase activity, mineral matrix deposition, and growth factor release. We demonstrated that hypoxia acts dually, promoting ASC proliferation and stemness in the absence of osteogenic stimuli, but also inducing their differentiation in a bone-like milieu. We subsequently investigated the effect of different levels of extracellular pH (6.5, 6.8, 7.1 and 7.4) on stemness and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells from dental pulp (DPSC). We were able to provide consistent evidence that an acidic microenvironment promotes the stemness state of DPSC. Moreover, extracellular acidosis significantly reduces cells growth, and push cells to reside in the quiescent G0 phase of the cell cycle. Finally, we demonstrated the inhibitory effect of acidic pH on the osteogenic potential of DPSC. Modulation of oxygen tension and extracellular pH variations must be considered when MSC are included as a therapeutic tool in bone-related applications.
Tibullo, Daniele. « Studio in vitro della differenziazione delle cellule mesenchimali staminali di midollo osseo in epatociti e valutazione funzionale ». Thesis, Università degli Studi di Catania, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/235.
Texte intégralLiver transplantation is the treatment of choice for patients with chronic liver disease, cirrhosis and / or cancer. The limited number of donors and rejection prolonged use of immunosuppressants, thus limiting their clinical application. In addition, the possibility of obtaining transplantable hepatocytes is hampered by the low replicative potential of liver cells, their concomitant loss of function in culture and the reduced number of viable cells and functional are obtained after cryopreservation. The bone marrow stromal cells have the ability to differentiate into hepatocytes. In particular, mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) possess self-renewal, and cultured in vitro and under appropriate conditions, can differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes, chondrocytes, myocytes, representing a potential transplant. The aim of our study was to evaluate the differences of the HBM-MSCs in vitro in hepatocytes and their functional status.
Seria, Elisa Libera. « Rigenerazione epatica mediante l'impiego di cellule staminali mesenchimali in un modello murino di danno epatico tetracloruro-indotto ». Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/1133.
Texte intégralCastellini, Claudia <1973>. « Protocollo per l'impiego di cellule staminali mesenchimali (MSC) nella profilassi e terapia della GvHD acuta insorta in bambini affetti da tumore solido sottoposti a trapianto allogenico di cellule staminali emopoietiche ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3330/1/Castellini_Claudia_Tesi.pdf.
Texte intégralCastellini, Claudia <1973>. « Protocollo per l'impiego di cellule staminali mesenchimali (MSC) nella profilassi e terapia della GvHD acuta insorta in bambini affetti da tumore solido sottoposti a trapianto allogenico di cellule staminali emopoietiche ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3330/.
Texte intégralNICOLAI, MICHELE. « Effetti dell'acquisizione del fenotipo senescente sulle cellule staminali dell'epitelio pigmentato retinico ». Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/263051.
Texte intégralRegenerative medicine approaches based on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are being investigated to treat several aging-associated diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Loss of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells occurs early in AMD, and their transplant has the potential to slow disease progression. The human RPE contains a subpopulation of cells - adult RPE stem cells (RPESCs) – that are capable of self-renewal and of differentiating into RPE cells in vitro. However, age-related MSC changes involve loss of function and acquisition of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which can contribute to the maintenance of a chronic state of low-grade inflammation in tissues and organs. In a previous study we isolated, characterized, and differentiated RPESCs. Here, we induced replicative senescence in RPESCs and tested their acquisition of the senescence phenotype and the SASP as well as the differentiation ability of young and senescent RPESCs. Senescent RPESCs showed a significantly reduced proliferation ability, high senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, and SASP acquisition. RPE-specific genes were downregulated and p21 and p53 protein expression was upregulated. These findings document the effects of senescence and SASP acquisition on RPESC differentiation ability and highlight the need for a greater understanding of their role in AMD pathogenesis.
ALTOMARE, Roberta. « ISOLAMENTO E CARATTERIZZAZIONE DI CELLULE STAMINALI MESENCHIMALI DA TESSUTO ADIPOSO DI RATTO PER IL LORO DIFFERENZIAMENTO IN SENSO ENDOTELIALE ». Doctoral thesis, università degli studi di Palermo, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/107804.
Texte intégralErratico, S. A. « SVILUPPO DI UN MODELLO SPERIMENTALE PER LO STUDIO DEI FATTORI DEGENERATIVI CHE INDUCONO IL DIFFERENZIAMENTO ADIPOCITARIO DI CELLULE STAMINALI MESENCHIMALI ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/169910.
Texte intégralBianconi, Eva <1983>. « Ricerca di nuove strategie differenziative : Analisi degli effetti di stimoli fisici e molecolari su cellule mesenchimali umane isolate da tessuto adiposo ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6513/1/Bianconi_Eva_tesi.pdf.
Texte intégralBackground. Adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (hASC) represent an interesting tool for cell therapy, due to their tissue derivation that is abundant and easily available. Using Lipogems, a medical device, stem cells isolation is performed only with mild mechanical forces, giving a minimally manipulated and ready to use fat product. To date, the differentiation processes in vitro are mostly obtained using chemical compounds. Anyway, other factors are shown to be modulators in cell physiology, as physical stimuli and some natural molecules. For instance, electromagnetic waves induced the expression of differentiation markers in stem cell models and adult cells were reprogrammed after treatment, while Zebrafish embryo derived extracts were shown to be antiproliferative both in vitro and in vivo. Methods. The search for new differentiation strategies was focused both on physical waves and Zebrafish extracts, using hASC isolated with Lipogems as cell model. Acoustic waves were gave using two types of transducer, the mechanical wave generator and the Cell Exciter. Zebrafish extracts treatments were performed using different doses and experimental times. Gene expression analysis of stemness and differentiation genes was conducted in both the experimental approaches using quantitative relative RT-PCR and/or qPCR. Proliferation assay was also performed for treatments with natural compounds. Results and conclusions. Control cell culture data meta-analysis revealed that hASC has a stable gene expression in basal conditions. Acoustic waves induced gene expression changes in hASC, in particular in cardiovascular commitment genes, suggesting a regulatory role in differentiation processes. Two of the Zebrafish extracts are shown to inhibit hASC proliferation, with statistical significance after 72 hours from the treatment. Gene espression analysis suggested that this effect could share the same molecular mechanism with differentiation events.
Bianconi, Eva <1983>. « Ricerca di nuove strategie differenziative : Analisi degli effetti di stimoli fisici e molecolari su cellule mesenchimali umane isolate da tessuto adiposo ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6513/.
Texte intégralBackground. Adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (hASC) represent an interesting tool for cell therapy, due to their tissue derivation that is abundant and easily available. Using Lipogems, a medical device, stem cells isolation is performed only with mild mechanical forces, giving a minimally manipulated and ready to use fat product. To date, the differentiation processes in vitro are mostly obtained using chemical compounds. Anyway, other factors are shown to be modulators in cell physiology, as physical stimuli and some natural molecules. For instance, electromagnetic waves induced the expression of differentiation markers in stem cell models and adult cells were reprogrammed after treatment, while Zebrafish embryo derived extracts were shown to be antiproliferative both in vitro and in vivo. Methods. The search for new differentiation strategies was focused both on physical waves and Zebrafish extracts, using hASC isolated with Lipogems as cell model. Acoustic waves were gave using two types of transducer, the mechanical wave generator and the Cell Exciter. Zebrafish extracts treatments were performed using different doses and experimental times. Gene expression analysis of stemness and differentiation genes was conducted in both the experimental approaches using quantitative relative RT-PCR and/or qPCR. Proliferation assay was also performed for treatments with natural compounds. Results and conclusions. Control cell culture data meta-analysis revealed that hASC has a stable gene expression in basal conditions. Acoustic waves induced gene expression changes in hASC, in particular in cardiovascular commitment genes, suggesting a regulatory role in differentiation processes. Two of the Zebrafish extracts are shown to inhibit hASC proliferation, with statistical significance after 72 hours from the treatment. Gene espression analysis suggested that this effect could share the same molecular mechanism with differentiation events.
Martinelli, Giulia. « Stampa 3D di un idrogelo a base di PEG-peptide contenente cellule mesenchimali staminali per la realizzazione di costrutti tissulari osteo-cartilaginei ». Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/12309/.
Texte intégralTUTINO, Roberta. « Utilizzo di cellule staminali autologhe mesenchimali di origine adiposa e concentrato piastrinico per uso non trasfusionale nel trattamento delle fistole perianali complesse ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/484938.
Texte intégralAchilli, A. « Processi di differenziazione di cellule staminali mesenchimali da midollo osseo e da tessuto adiposo e valutazione del loro comportamento su scaffold polimerici ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/63846.
Texte intégralADAMO, DAVIDE. « Cellule staminali dell’epitelio respiratorio : proprietà rigenerative, potenziale differenziativo e loro applicazione in ingegneria dei tessuti per la ricostruzione delle vie aeree umane ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11380/1256002.
Texte intégralRespiratory diseases affect millions of people globally, regardless of age, group or socioeconomic status, emerging as one of the major causes of disability and death overall. Many diseases can alter the structure and function of the different tracts of the respiratory system, substantially affecting the patients' life. Even worst, the number of people affected by these disorders is dramatically increasing due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. In the case of wide structural alterations, the available medical treatments and the standard surgical strategies are ineffective or totally inapplicable. Despite the surgical based approaches and the tissue-engineering (TE) strategies tested to face this urgent medical need, the positive results obtained have been very few and, to date, no strategy has become a well-established and routinely-applied clinical procedure. One of the major difficulties encountered in these clinical approaches is the regeneration of a stable/self-renewing epithelium onto the transplanted graft. This feature is imperative to preserve the respiratory function, avoid infections, granulation tissue formation and re-stenosis. In TE strategies, the adult airway epithelial cells would be the most appropriate cellular source for restoring the airway epithelium. However, many difficulties have been encountered in the in-vitro expansion of these cells. Indeed, they were described as effectively dividing for a very limited number of passages, beyond which they lose their differentiative potential and the ability to form a functional barrier. Therefore, it is reported that autologous airway epithelial cells do not meet the clinical regeneration needs and are unsuitable and unreliable cell sources for TE approaches. In the present study, we proved the ability of a culture system, largely used for the clinical expansion of different epithelial tissues, to safely and effectively maintain the long-term proliferative and differentiation potential of airway epithelial cells. Moreover, we established reproducible quality controls to be adopted from the biopsy collection up to the first steps of the generation of a TE construct. These quality controls include/verify 1) the tissue-regenerative properties of the cells extracted from the biopsy, 2) the expression of some critical markers identifying the cellular identity, the tissue integrity and the early epithelial differentiation of the cultures. These markers have to be verified during both the in-vitro cell expansion and during the TE process. 3) Crucial, we assessed the heterogeneity of the basal cells, identifying the stem cells of the airway epithelium. These cells can self-renew, withstanding even extreme differentiation conditions to regenerate the tissue, maintaining its physiological heterogeneity. Here, we hypothesized the use of some transcription factors as possible molecular markers to be adopted, alternatively to the clonal analysis, to evaluate the percentage of stem cells within an airway culture. Moreover, the multiple analyses conducted at the single-cell level allowed us to understand the mechanisms that underlie the cellular differentiation/specialization process. Therefore, here we propose a model showing how the airway epithelial renewal and differentiation process could occur. Finally, thanks to the knowledge acquired during the in-vitro cultures characterization and to the consistency of the results obtained from many human donors, we decided to start a pilot study envisaging the reconstruction of a pseudo-turbinate for the treatment of Empty Nose Syndrome’s patients. In this manuscript, we present our TE strategy and the data obtained by the initials steps on which this approach is based.
Battan, Manuele. « Preparazione e caratterizzazione di micelle costituite da un pro-farmaco di Paclitaxel e caricate con un agente fotosensibile per il trattamento chemio- e foto-terapico dei tumori ». Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/19227/.
Texte intégral