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Fear, Elise Carolyn. « Modelling biological cells exposed to electric fields ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ32685.pdf.
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Zhao, Zhiqiang. « Electric field-directed cell migration and endothelialization ». Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources. Restricted : no access until June 30, 2014, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=26544.
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Taghian, Toloo. « Interaction of an Electric Field with Vascular Cells ». University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1439309071.
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Wang, Lin. « Mass Transfer and GDL Electric Resistance in PEM Fuel Cells ». Scholarly Repository, 2010. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/486.
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Many modeling studies have been carried out to simulate the current distribution across the channel and shoulder direction in a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell. However the modeling results do not show agreement on the current density distribution. At the same time, no experimental measurement result of current density distribution across the channel and the shoulder direction is available to testify the modeling studies. Hence in this work, an experiment was conducted to separately measure the current densities under the channel and the shoulder in a PEM fuel cell by using the specially designed membrane electrode assemblies. The experimental results show that the current density under the channel is lower than that under the shoulder except when the fuel cell load is high. Afterwards two more experiments were carried out to find out the reason causing the higher current density under the shoulder. The effects of the electric resistance of gas diffusion layer (GDL) in the lateral and through-plane directions on the current density distribution were studied respectively. The experimental results show that it is the through-plane electric resistance that leads to the higher current density under the shoulder. Moreover, a three-dimensional fuel cell model is developed using FORTRAN. A new method of combining the thin-film model and homogeneous model is utilized to model the catalyst layer. The model is validated by the experimental data. The distribution of current density, oxygen concentration, membrane phase potential, solid phase potential and overpotential in a PEM fuel cell have been studied by the model. The modeling results show that the new modeling method provides better simulations to the actual transport processes and chemical reaction in the catalyst layer of a PEM fuel cell.
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Sequin, Emily Katherine. « Effects of Induced Electric Fields on Tissues and Cells ». The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1403869854.
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Miron, Mendoza Miguel. « Influence and effects of DC electric fields on bone cells ». [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=970880413.
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Campbell, Ross MacMaster. « On the response of biological cells to pulsed electric fields ». Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.428883.
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Samett, Amelia. « Sustainable Manufacturing of CIGS Solar Cells for Implementation on Electric Vehicles ». Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1591380591637557.
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Zhang, Fan. « Electric and electrochemical responses of adherent cells : application of microfabrication technologies ». Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066194.
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La connaissance des comportements cellulaires tels que l'adhésion, migration et prolifération cellulaire est importante pour l'ingénierie tissulaire et de l'implantologie. Ce travail de thèse a été développé pour obtenir une vision plus claire sur les activités cellulaires in-vitro en utilisant des substrats micro/nanofabriqués et des méthodes d’analyses électriques/électrochimiques. Des substrats avec des motifs divers et variés, incluant des nanoélectrodes de haute densité et des microstructures à trois dimensions, ont été obtenu pour culture cellulaire et analyse par méthodes électriques ou électrochimiques. L’intégration de ces structures dans un dispositif microfluidique a été également démontrée. L'adhésion, migration et prolifération cellulaire ainsi que l'activité métabolique des cellules ont été étudié par mesure de voltamétrie cyclique et d'impédance électrique. En combinaison avec les techniques optiques pour l'observation de la morphologie cellulaire et la densité de cellules, les mesures électriques ou électrochimiques nous ont permis d’étudier des nouveaux effets de substrats ou électrodes micro et nano-structurés sur la culture cellulaire et les activités métaboliques de cellules en culture
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Somogye, Ryan H. « An aging model of Ni-MH batteries for use in hybrid-electric vehicles ». Connect to resource, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1134658219.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Ohio State University, 2004.Advisor: Stephen Yurkovich, Dept. of Electrical Engineering. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 155-156). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Khayyer, Pardis. « Design and performance analysis of electric vehicles fed by multiple fuel cells ». Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2008. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5799.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2008.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 86 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 82-84).
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Thantsha, Nicolas Matome. « Spatially resolved opto-electric measurements of photovoltaic materials and devices ». Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1123.
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The objective of this study is to characterize and analyse defects in solar cell devices. Materials used to fabricate solar cells are not defects free and therefore, there is a need to investigate defects in cells. To investigate this, a topographical technique was developed and employed which uses a non-destructive methodology to analyse solar cells. A system was built which uses a technique based on a laser beam induced current (LBIC). LBIC technique involves focusing light on to a surface of a solar cell device in order to create a photo-generated current that can be measured in the external circuit for analyses. The advantage of this technique is that it allows parameter extraction. Parameters that can be extracted include short-circuit current, carrier lifetime and also the external and internal quantum efficiency of a solar cell. In this thesis, LBIC measurements in the form of picture maps are used to indicate the distribution of the localized beam induced current within solar cells. Areas with low minority carrier lifetime in solar cells are made visible by LBIC mapping. Surface reflection intensity measurements of cells can also be mapped using the LBIC system developed in this study. The system is also capable of mapping photo-generated current of a cell below and above room temperature. This thesis also presents an assessment procedure capable of assessing the device and performance parameters with reference to I-V measurements. The dark and illuminated I-V characteristics of solar cells were investigated. The illuminated I-V characteristics of solar cells were obtained using a defocused laser beam. Dark I-V measurements were performed by applying voltage across the cell in the dark and measuring a current through it. The device parameters which describe the behaviour of I-V characteristic were extracted from the I-V data using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method based on a one-and two-diode solar cell models. Solar cells of different technologies were analysed, namely, single-crystalline (c-Si) and multicrystalline (mc-Si) silicon, Edge-defined Film-fed Growth Si (EFG-Si) and Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)2 (CIGSS) thin film based cells. The LBIC results illustrated the effect of surface reflection features and material defects in the solar cell investigated. IQE at a wavelength of 660 nm were measured on these cells and the results in general emphasised the importance of correcting optical losses, i.e. reflection loss, when characterizing different types of defects. The agreement between the IQE measurements and I-V characteristics of a cell showed that the differences in crystal grains influence the performance of a mc-Si cell. The temperature-dependence of I-V characteristics of a CIGSS solar cell was investigated. The results showed that, for this material, the photo response is reduced at elevated temperatures. In addition to LBIC using a laser beam, solar spectral radiation was employed to obtained device performance parameters. The results emphasised the effect of grain boundaries as a recombination centres for photo-generated hole-pairs. Lastly, mesa diode characterizations of solar cells were investigated. Mesa diodes are achieved by etching down a solar cell so that the plateau regions are formed. Mesa diodes expose the p-n junction, and therefore mesa diode analysis provides a better way of determining and revealing the fundamental current conduction mechanism at the junction. Mesa diodes avoid possible edge effects. This study showed that mesa diodes can be used to characterize spatial non-uniformities in solar cells. The results obtained in this study indicate that LBIC is a useful tool for defect characterization in solar cells. Also LBIC complements other characterization techniques such as I-V characterization.
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Yang, Zhi. « Quasi-steady-state modeling and control of a fuel cell/battery hybrid system for residential application ». Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Fall2009/z_yang_120109.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in electrical engineering)--Washington State University, December 2009.Title from PDF title page (viewed on Jan. 19, 2010). "School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science." Includes bibliographical references (p. 47-48).
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Yu, Shuqing [Verfasser]. « Computational Modelling of Opto-electric Properties of Nanowire Array Solar Cells / Shuqing Yu ». Kassel : Kassel University Press, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1065322658/34.
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Trivedi, Darshan Parimal. « The effects of streaming potential modeled electric fields on bovine aortic endothelial cells ». Thesis, Boston University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/12862.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University
PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.Bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) respond to blood flow by modulation of membrane potential and nitric oxide production ([NO]). Shearing forces, mechanically generated by blood flow, have a well-described influence on BAEC biology. However, blood flow simultaneously generates an electrical streaming potential by inducing charge separation along the vascular wall. This study investigated the role of the streaming potential as a factor in BAEC biology. Within a laminar flow chamber, both shearing force and an electrical signal were recorded [0, 0.35, 1.2, 2.0 N-m^-2 ; 0-2 V-m^-1 DC/300 mV-m^-1 AC]. At constant flow onset, a membrane potential sensitive fluorescent probe, DiBAC4(3), demonstrated BAEC hyperpolarization (-8 mV, maximal at <100 secs) with depolarization back to baseline in 200 seconds. When the streaming potential was neutralized, flow onset induced a prolonged hyperpolarization (~4-6 mV, maximal at <100 seconds) without subsequent depolarization. Application of an isolated streaming potential modeled field caused a ~2 mV depolarization. Using channel blocking agents, the streaming potential effect was attributed to a flow-sensitive calcium-activated chloride channel. A nitric oxide specific fluorescent probe, DAF-2, showed [NO] to be proportional to the shearing force. When the streaming potential was neutralized, [NO] was potentiated. The pulsatile electrokinetic vascular streaming potential (EVSP), found in vivo, can be modeled mathematically by oscillating electric fields. EVSP applied to BAECs caused membrane depolarization (up to 7 mV, p < 0.05) proportional to field frequency, but not field strength. Without fluid flow, ATP stimulation of BAECs was needed to elevate [NO] into an observable range. ATP stimulated [NO] demonstrated early logarithmic (first 30 min) and subsequent (30 min to 2 hrs) exponential relationships. Simultaneous EVSP and ATP stimulation showed increased [NO] greater than ATP stimulation alone. Studies performed in ±Ca2+ media and with calcium channel blockade demonstrated effects proportional to EVSP field strength and frequency on these processes. In summary, our results provide evidence for a role of the streaming potential in the flow response of BAECs, previously attributed only to mechanical shearing forces. Streaming potential-modeled fields induced frequencydependent depolarization in BAECs. These fields decreased flow-induced [NO], and potentiated ATP-induced [NO].
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Kamanzi, Janvier. « Thermal electric solar power conversion panel development ». Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2527.
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Thesis (DTech (Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017.The world has been experiencing energy-related problems following pressuring energy demands which go along with the global economy growth. These problems can be phrased in three paradoxical statements: Firstly, in spite of a massive and costless solar energy, global unprecedented energy crisis has prevailed, resulting in skyrocketing costs. Secondly, though the sun releases a clean energy, yet conventional plants are mainly being run on unclean energy sources despite their part in the climate changes and global warming. Thirdly, while a negligible percentage of the solar energy is used for power generation purposes, it is not optimally exploited since more than its half is wasted in the form of heat which contributes to lowering efficiency of solar cells and causes their premature degradation and anticipated ageing. The research is geared at addressing the issue related to unsatisfactory efficiencies and anticipated ageing of solar modules. The methodology adopted to achieve the research aim consisted of a literature survey which in turn inspired the devising of a high-efficiency novel thermal electric solar power panel. Through an in-depth overview, the literature survey outlined the rationale of the research interest, factors affecting the performance of PVs as well as existing strategies towards addressing spotted shortcomings. While photovoltaic (PV) panels could be identified as the most reliable platform for sunlight-to-electricity conversion, they exhibit a shortcoming in terms of following the sun so as to maximize exposure to sunlight which negatively affects PVs’ efficiencies in one hand. On the other hand, the inability of solar cells to reflect the unusable heat energy present in the sunlight poses as a lifespan threat. Strategies and techniques in place to track the sun and keep PVs in nominal operational temperatures were therefore reviewed.
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Pakalapati, Suryanarayana Raju. « A numerical study of current distribution inside the cathode and electrolyte of a solid oxide fuel cell ». Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2003. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2989.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2003.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 100 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 85-90).
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Cohn, Adam R. (Adam Robsohn) 1971. « New technoloogy in a changing electric power sector : market penetration strategies for fuel cells ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9614.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, 1998.Includes bibliographical references.
Fuel cells are a promising new technology with the potential to benefit society through high energy conversion efficiencies, low environmental impact, and ability to deliver high quality electricity. After decades of development, the technology is on the verge of commercialization. However, fuel cell penetration of the electric power sector will be inhibited by a number of important market barriers, including high initial costs, lack of awareness, and undemonstrated operating performance. This thesis discusses the importance of developing a sound business strategy to ensure the market success of fuel cell technology. Two elements of marketing strategy are described as critical for commercialization initiatives: selecting the optimum target market for fuel cell products and designing an effective distribution strategy. A framework and criteria are proposed for choosing among alternative marketing strategies. Ongoing fuel cell commercializati0n efforts are examined in the context of this framework to derive lessons for the emerging fuel cell industry.
by Adam R. Cohn.
S.M.
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Nightingale, Wendy Denise. « Electrical characteristics of an identified insect motoneurone cell body : a current- and voltage-clamp study ». Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14077.
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1. The electrical characteristics of the cell body of an identified excitatory motoneurone (cell 3) from the cockroach (Periplaneta americana) have been studied under current- and voltage-clamp. 2. Under voltage-clamp depolarising command pulses evoked an outward current which increased with the magnitude of the command step up to approximately +100mV, a component of the current developed more slowly and took longer to reach a maximum. With increasing depolarisation the outward current response fell to a lower level before further increasing. This current response gave rise to a characteristic N-shape I-V relationship. The position of the negative conductance region depends on the time current measurements are taken after the onset of the command pulse. 3. Externally applied cadmium (1mM) or manganese ions (5mM) abolished the slowly developing current responsible for the hump in the I-V relationship. These results indicate that calcium ions are required for the activation of this component of the outward current. Verapamil (50?M) also reduced this current component and appeared to be non-specific in reducing another current component. Furthermore, verapamil caused inactivation of the remaining current which was more marked for long duration (500ms) command pulses. 4. Externally applied TEA+ (at concentrations greater than 25mM) blocked the calcium-dependent current and a calcium-independent component. Under current-clamp TEA+ (50mM) unmasked a broad action potential. 5. Externally applied aminopyridines did not enhance excitability under current-clamp. Under voltage-clamp aminopyridines had significant effect in shifting the voltage dependence of the hump in the I-V relationship toward more negative potentials. 6. When holding at -90mV and stepping to more positive potentials there was no indication of an early, fast, transient component similar to IA. If present at all, IA made only a minor contribution to the total outward currents. 7. A double command pulse regime was used to study tail currents whereby a standard pre-pulse (pulse (I)) was immediately followed by a test pulse (pulse (II)) to various command potentials. Tail current measurements were taken during pulse (II). The tail currents showed strong outward rectification and were severely reduced in saline containing cadmium ions (ImM). 8. The tail-current reversal potential was dependent on the pulse (I) magnitude and duration. Preliminary results indicated that increasing the pulse (I) magnitude caused a negative shift in reversal potential. Increasing the pulse (I) duration from 10ms to 50ms caused a positive shift in the reversal potential equivalent to a two-fold increase in extracellular cation concentration. 9. A five-fold increase (from 3.1 to 15mM) in external potassium ion concentration produced a small and variable shift in reversal potential, which did not conform to that predicted by the Nernst equation. A five-fold decrease (from 235 to 47mM) in external chloride ion concentration had little effect on the tail current reversal potential but did cause a slight reduction in the outward currents. Furthermore, the voltage dependency of the hump in the I-V relationship was shifted toward more negative potentials. 10. Action potentials induced by intracellular citrate injection were only slightly enhanced by a four-fold increase (from 9 to 36mM) in external calcium ion concentration. They were reversibly reduced to a graded spike in saline containing verapamil (10?M) and reversibly abolished by manganese ions (40mM), but were relatively unaffected by sodium-free saline. These observations suggest that calcium ions were the major ion carrying the inward current under these conditions. 11. Carbon dioxide-induced action potentials were reversibly reduced to a graded spike in sodium-free or manganese saline (40mM) whereas tetrodotoxin (50nM) irreversibly abolished action potentials for wash period up to 20mins. These observations suggest that both calcium and sodium ions were responsible for the inward current under these conditions. 12. The regenerative component of the axotomy-induced action- potentials was reversibly reduced in sodium-free saline and only partially reduced with some broadening in calcium-free or manganese saline (40mM). Either treatment alone was insufficient to completely abolish or reduce the action potential to a graded spike. A combination of Na-free saline with manganese ions (40mM) caused a more complete block by reducing the regenerative component to a graded spike. These results suggest that sodium ions, and to a lesser extent, calcium ions were responsible for the inward current under these conditions.
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Thompson, Scott Damon 1976. « Electrodeposition of platinum-based catalysts for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells ». Monash University, School of Physics and Materials Engineering, 2003. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/5668.
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Rossouw, Claire Angela. « The accelerated life cycle testing and modelling of Li-ion cells used in electric vehicle applications ». Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1012709.
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Li-ion batteries have become one of the chosen energy storage devices that are used in applications such as power tools, cellular phones and electric vehicles (EV). With the demand for portable high energy density devices, the rechargeable Li-ion battery has become one of the more viable energy storage systems for large scale commercial EVs because of their higher energy density to weight or volume ratio when compared to other current commercial battery energy storage systems. Various safety procedures for the use of Li-ion batteries in both consumer and EV applications have been developed by the international associations. The test procedures studied in this dissertation demonstrated the importance of determining the true capacity of a cell at various discharge rates. For this, the well known Peukert test was demonstrated. The study also showed that cells with different battery geometries and chemistries would demonstrate different thermal heating during discharge and slightly different Ragone results if different test methods were used as reported in the literature. Accelerated ageing tests were done on different cells at different Depth-of-Discharge (DoD) regions. The different DoD regions were determined according to expected stresses the electrode material in a cell would experience when discharged to specific DoD that follows the discharge voltage profile. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) was used to measure various electrochemical changes within these cells. The EIS results showed that certain observed modelled parameters would change similarly to the ageing of the cell as it aged due to the accelerated testing. EIS was also done on cells at different State-of-Charge (SoC) and temperatures. The results showed that EIS can be used as an effective technique to observe changes within a Li-ion cell as the SoC or temperature changed. For automotive vehicles that are powered by a fuel cell or battery, a supercapacitor can be coupled to a battery in order to increase and optimize the energy and power densities of the drive systems. A test procedure in the literature that evaluated the use of capacitors with Pb-acid batteries was applied to Li-ion type cells in order to quantify the increased power due to the use of a supercapacitor with a Li-ion cell. Both a cylindrical LiCoO2 cell and a VRLA Pb-acid cell showed some additional charge acceptance and delivery when connected to the supercapacitors. A LiMn2O4 pouch cell showed significant charge acceptance and delivery when connected to supercapacitors. The amount of additional charge acceptance and delivery of the different combinations could be explained by EIS, in particular, the resistance and capacitance of the cell in comparison to the combination of the cell and supercapacitor. A large capacity LiCoO2 cell showed high charge acceptance and delivery without connection with a supercapacitor. The study proved that EIS can be used to model the changes within cells under the different conditions and using different test procedures.
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Ion, Mihaela Florentina. « Proton transport in proton exchange membrane fuel cells / ». free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3164514.
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Chan, Yau-chi, et 鄭有志. « Cellular electrophysiology of cardiac pacemaker channel-implications on novel drug and gene therapies development ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41290458.
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Donthula, Vinitha Islam Naz E. « Effects of nano-second pulsed electric fields (nsPEF) on human prostate cancer cell line - LNCaP ». Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5665.
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The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on September 22, 2009). Thesis advisor: Dr. Naz E. Islam. Includes bibliographical references.
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Wang, Entong. « Directed migration, re-orientation and inhibited proliferation of lens epithelial cells in applied electric fields ». Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2001. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU485602.
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Physiological electric fields (EFs) exist in the vertebrate lens, but the importance of the endogenous EF is not well understood yet. In the present study, an applied EF to mimic endogenous EFs was applied to cultured lens epithelial cells (LECs) to investigate the effects of EFs on the behaviours of LECs and the underlying mechanisms. It was showed that LEG migration was directed and migration rate was increased in applied EFs, and serum or growth factors were required for these EF-induced cell responses. LECs elongated and re-oriented to lie perpendicular to field vector. Healing of LEG monolayer wounds was also influenced by EF polarity. EF exposure enhanced the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) ½ and induced an asymmetric distribution of active ERK ½ in monolayer wounds. Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase inhibitor U0126 inhibited the directed migration and reorientation of LECs in EFs and the healing of LEG monolayer wound, and U0126 also completely prevented activation of ERK ½ in LECs. It is suggested that MAP kinase signaling pathways were involved in the responses of LECs to EF stimulation. EF exposure also inhibited the proliferation of the LECs. Cell cycle analysis showed that EF exposure inhibited the Gl/S transition of the cell cycle progression in LECs, resulting in a Gl-block. The EF-induced down-regulated expression of Gl-specific cell cycle protein cyclin E and the up-regulated expression of cyclin-Cdk (cycle dependent kinase) complex inhibitor p27 kipl were accounted for the cell cycle arrest of LECs in EFs. This study implies that a physiological EF may be one of the guidance cues regulating LEG behaviours in vivo and applying EFs may be one way of controlling aberrant LEG behaviours in vitro and in vivo.
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Yang, Shaohua. « Improving the aluminum-air battery system for use in electrical vehicles / ». View online ; access limited to URI, 2003. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/dlnow/3103729.
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McEwen, Gerald Dustin. « Raman Microspectroscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy, and Electric Cell-Substrate Impedance Sensing For Characterization of Bio-Interfaces : Molecular, Bacteria, and Mammalian Cells ». DigitalCommons@USU, 2012. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1251.
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A fundamental understanding of bio-interfaces will facilitate improvement in the design and application of biomaterials that can beneficially interact with biological objects such as nucleic acids, molecules, bacteria, and mammalian cells. Currently, there exist analytical instruments to investigate material properties and report information on electrical, chemical, physical, and mechanical natures of biomaterials and biological samples. The overall goal of this research was to utilize advanced spectroscopy techniques coupled with data mining to elucidate specific characteristic properties for biological objects and how these properties imply interaction with environmental biomaterials.
My studies of interfacial electron transfer (ET) of DNA-modified gold electrodes aided in understanding that DNA surface density is related to the step-wise order of which a self-assembled monolayer is created on a gold substrate. Further surface modification plays a role in surface conductivity, and I found that electro-oxidation of the DNA involved the oxidation of guanine and adenine nucleotides. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) was used to create topography and current images of the SAM surfaces. I also used Raman microspectroscopy (RM) to obtain spectra and spectral maps of DNA-modified gold surfaces.
For studies of bacteria, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed similar morphological features of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Direct classical least squares (DCLS) analysis aided to distinguish co-cultured strains. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy proved insightful for characteristic bands for Gram-positive bacteria and a combined AFM/RM image revealed a relationship between culture height/density and peak Raman intensity.
In our mammalian cell studies we focused on human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cells (A549), metastatic human breast carcinoma cells MDA-MB-435 (435), and non-metastatic MDA-MB-435/BRMS1 (435/BRMS1). RM revealed similarities between metastatic 435 and non-metastatic 435/BRMS1 cells compared to epithelial A549 cells. AFM showed increases in biomechanical properties for 435/BRMS1 in the areas of cell adhesion, cell spring constant, and Young’s modulus. Fluorescent staining illustrates F-actin rearrangement for 435 and 435/BRMS1. Electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) revealed that 435 cells adhere tightly to substrata and migrate rapidly compared with 435/BRMS1. For ECIS, ≤10-fold diesel exhaust particles (DEP) concentration exposure caused clastogenic DNA degradation whereas ≥25-fold DEP exposure caused cytotoxic results. Resveratrol (RES) at 10 μM showed minimal to mild protection against DEP before and after exposure and aided in improving injury recovery.
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Hong, Jian. « Synthesis and characterization of high performance electrode materials for lithium ion batteries ». Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2009.
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Svens, Pontus. « Methods for Testing and Analyzing Lithium-Ion Battery Cells intended for Heavy-Duty Hybrid Electric Vehicles ». Doctoral thesis, KTH, Tillämpad elektrokemi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-145166.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Lithium-ion batteries designed for use in heavy-duty hybrid vehicles are continuously improved in terms of performance and longevity, but they still have limitations that need to be considered when developing new hybrid vehicles. The aim of this thesis has been to study and evaluate potential test and analysis methods suitable for being used in the design process when maximizing lifetime and utilization of batteries in heavy-duty hybrid vehicles. A concept for battery cell cycling on vehicles has been evaluated. The work included development of test equipment, verification of hardware and software as well as an extended period of validation on heavy-duty trucks. The work showed that the concept has great potential for evaluating strategies for battery usage in hybrid vehicles, but is less useful for accelerated aging of battery cells. Battery cells encapsulated in flexible packaging material have been investigated with respect to the durability of the encapsulation in a demanding heavy-duty hybrid truck environment. No effect on water intrusion was detected after vibration and temperature cycling of the battery cells. Aging of commercial battery cells of the type lithium manganese oxide - lithium cobalt oxide / lithium titanium oxide (LMO-LCO/LTO) was investigated with different electrochemical methods to gain a deeper understanding of the origin of performance deterioration, and to understand the consequences of aging from a vehicle manufacturer's perspective. The investigation revealed that both capacity loss and impedance rise were largely linked to the positive electrode for this type of battery chemistry. Postmortem analysis of material from cycle-aged and calendar-aged battery cells of the type LMO-LCO/LTO and LiFePO4/graphite was performed to reveal details about aging mechanisms for those cell chemistries. Analysis of cycle-aged LMO-LCO/LTO cells revealed traces of manganese in the negative electrode and that the positive electrode exhibited the most severe aging. Analysis of cycle-aged LFP/graphite cells revealed traces of iron in the negative electrode and that the negative electrode exhibited the most severe aging.Litiumjonbatterier anpassade för användning i tunga hybridfordon förbättras kontinuerligt med avseende på prestanda och livslängd men har fortfarande begränsningar som måste beaktas vid utveckling av nya hybridfordon. Syftet med denna avhandling har varit att studera och utvärdera potentiella prov- och analysmetoder lämpliga för användning i arbetet med att maximera livslängd och utnyttjandegrad av batterier i tunga hybridfordon. Ett koncept för battericykling på fordon har utvärderats. Arbetet innefattade utveckling av testutrustning, verifiering av hårdvara och mjukvara samt en längre periods validering på lastbilar. Arbetet har visat att konceptet har stor potential för utvärdering av strategier för användandet av batterier i hybridfordon, men är mindre användbar för åldring av batterier. Batterier kapslade i flexibelt förpackningsmaterial har undersökts med avseende på kapslingens hållbarhet i en krävande hybridlastbilsmiljö. Ingen påverkan på fuktinträngning kunde påvisas efter vibration och temperaturcykling av de testade battericellerna. Åldring av kommersiella battericeller av typen litiummanganoxid - litiumkoboltoxid/litiumtitanoxid (LMO-LCO/LTO) undersöktes med olika elektrokemiska metoder för att få en djupare förståelse för prestandaförändringens ursprung och för att förstå konsekvenserna av åldrandet ur en fordonstillverkares användarperspektiv. Undersökningen visade att både kapacitetsförlust och impedanshöjning till största delen var kopplat till den positiva elektroden för denna batterityp. Post-mortem analys av material från cyklade och kalenderåldrade kommersiella battericeller av typen LMO-LCO/LTO och LiFePO4/grafit utfördes för att avslöja detaljer kring åldringsmekanismerna för dessa cellkemier. Vid analys av cyklade LMO-LCO/LTO celler påvisades mangan i den negativa elektroden samt uppvisade den positiva elektroden kraftigast åldring. Vid analys av cyklade LFP/grafit celler påvisades järn i den negativa elektroden samt uppvisade den negativa elektroden kraftigast åldring.
QC 20140520
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Magar, Nishant. « Investigating the Role of Electric Fields in Directing Schwann Cell Behavior ». VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10156/2548.
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Gallagher, Kevin Gregory. « Challenges in low-temperature fuel cells ». Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/37264.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Low-temperature fuel cells (LTFC) such as phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFC) and proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) are a promising electrochemical energy system for the conversion of hydrogen to electricity. Many challenges must be overcome before commercialization is possible. This dissertation focuses on the degradation of carbon catalyst supports and PEMFC water management. Kinetic studies are presented on the structure-reactivity relationship including an in-depth study of commercially available and model carbons. A mechanism and numerical model of the electrochemical oxidation of graphene-based carbon is proposed to explain longstanding questions. Three mechanisms are concluded to contribute to the current decay commonly observed during electrochemical oxidation: mass loss, reversible passive oxide formation, and irreversible oxide formation. Water uptake and electro-osmosis are investigated to improve the understanding and aid modeling of water transport in PEMFCs below 0 °C. The implication of an electro-osmotic drag coefficient less than unity is discussed in terms of proton transport mechanisms. Capillary pressure saturation relations are presented for carbon fiber paper which can both be used as gas-diffusion layers in PEMFCs. Boundary and scanning curves for imbibition and drainage are measured to further understanding of the hysteresis observed during PEMFC operation.
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Pruski, Michal. « ARL13B and IFT172 truncated primary cilia and misplaced cells ». Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2017. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=231675.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Primary cilia are cellular organelles that protrude into the extracellular space, acting as antennas. They detect a wide range of chemical cues, including SHH and PDGF, as well as fluid flow, and they modulate downstream signalling systems, such as WNT and ERK. Due to this cue-sensing ability and the close association of the primary cilium with the centrosome the organelle is able to influence both cell cycle progression and cell migration. This work investigated the effect of mutations on two genes associated with primary cilia: Arl13b and Ift172. The effects of the HNN genotype of Arl13b and the WIM genotype of Ift172 on cell migration were assessed uniquely within the context of direct current electric fields. Both cell lines showed a decreased migratory response when compared to WT cells, despite no clear involvement of cilia in sensing the direction of the electric field. This corroborated with previous data of in vivo Arl13b cellular migration. Through the use of in utero electroporation the migratory deficits of IFT172 knock down were then confirmed in vivo in the developing mouse neocortex. Further in vitro investigation revealed a slower proliferation rate of HNN and WIM cells, though this was not confirmed in vivo after IFT172 knock down using a standard BrDU protocol. Nevertheless, further in vitro investigations revealed a wide variety of cell cycle and intracellular changes within both cell lines. The commonalities included lower numbers of cells in the S-phase and lower MAPK3 phosphorylation compared to WT, and differences such as GSK3β phosphorylation on Ser9. This work showed for the first time that ciliopathies affect galvanotaxis, and revealed fundamental commonalities in cell migration and proliferation between various ciliary mutations, as well as differences in specific signalling pathways. This will hopefully aid in developing future therapeutic interventions for ciliary diseases.
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Adams, Victor W. « The potential of fuel cells to reduce energy demands and pollution from the UK transport sector ». Thesis, Open University, 1998. http://oro.open.ac.uk/19846/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Atmospheric carbon dioxide and pollution due to the burning of fossil fuels is increasing. Many scientists attribute global warming to the rising levels of carbon dioxide and other pollutants, some of which also pose risks to health. These can be reduced by the more efficient use of conventional fuels and the development of non-polluting energy resources. Fuel cells offer a highly efficient and low polluting method of generating electricity, and are under development for both the power generation and transport sectors. There is a need to assess (a) emissions from fuel cells using various fuels and (b) ways of introducing such technology to transportation in the near future. Fuel consumption, energy and emissions from the production and use of fuels (hydrogen, methane, propane, petrol, diesel, alcohols and rape methyl ester) are calculated per kilowatt hour of fuel cell output over a range of efficiency. These are compared with those for internal combustion engines with advanced exhaust control and for the recharging of battery driven vehicles. The results, which are applicable to both transport and power generation, enable the best low pollution fuels to be selected and are used to calculate through life emissions for public transport buses. Fuel cells are an ideal solution to reduce pollution from transport, but their commercial development in this field is further away than that for stationary applications. Thus, a transition stage is recommended where fuel cell electrical power stations, based on existing demonstrators, are used to recharge fleets of battery driven vehicles during the development of mobile fuel cell systems. These fleets include public transport and commercial vehicles. Also, fuel cell power stations could provide energy for electric trains. A combined system is proposed where electric trains recharge battery driven commercial vehicles during long journeys. The above proposals would enhance fuel cell development, introducing them alongside current transport systems, possibly using the same fuel.
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Fletcher, Thomas P. « Optimal energy management strategy for a fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle ». Thesis, Loughborough University, 2017. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/25567.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Energy Management Strategy (EMS) has a huge effect on the performance of any hybrid vehicle because it determines the operating point of almost every component associated with the powertrain. This means that its optimisation is an incredibly complex task which must consider a number of objectives including the fuel consumption, drive-ability, component degradation and straight-line performance. The EMS is of particular importance for Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicles (FCHEVs), not only to minimise the fuel consumption, but also to reduce the electrical stress on the fuel cell and maximise its useful lifetime. This is because the durability and cost of the fuel cell stack is one of the major obstacles preventing FCHEVs from being competitive with conventional vehicles. In this work, a novel EMS is developed, specifcally for Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicles (FCHEVs), which considers not only the fuel consumption, but also the degradation of the fuel cell in order to optimise the overall running cost of the vehicle. This work is believed to be the first of its kind to quantify effect of decisions made by the EMS on the fuel cell degradation, inclusive of multiple causes of voltage degradation. The performance of this new strategy is compared in simulation to a recent strategy from the literature designed solely to optimise the fuel consumption. It is found that the inclusion of the degradation metrics results in a 20% increase in fuel cell lifetime for only a 3.7% increase in the fuel consumption, meaning that the overall running cost is reduced by 9%. In addition to direct implementation on board a vehicle, this technique for optimising the degradation alongside the fuel consumption also allows alternative vehicle designs to be compared in an unbiased way. In order to demonstrate this, the novel optimisation technique is subsequently used to compare alternative system designs in order to identify the optimal economic sizing of the fuel cell and battery pack. It is found that the overall running cost can be minimised by using the smallest possible fuel cell stack that will satisfy the average power requirement of the duty cycle, and by using an oversized battery pack to maximise the fuel cell effciency and minimise the transient loading on the stack. This research was undertaken at Loughborough University as part of the Doctoral Training Centre (DTC) in Hydrogen, Fuel Cells and Their Applications in collaboration with the University of Birmingham and Nottingham University and with sponsorship from HORIBA-MIRA (Nuneaton, UK). A Microcab H4 test vehicle has been made available for use in testing for this research which was previously used for approximately 2 years at the University of Birmingham. The Microcab H4 is a small campus based vehicle designed for passenger transport and mail delivery at low speeds as seen on a university campus. It has a top speed of approximately 30mph, and is fitted with a 1.2kW fuel cell and a 2kWh battery pack.
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Sweeney, Daniel C. « Quantitative In Vitro Characterization of Membrane Permeability for Electroporated Mammalian Cells ». Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/94416.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Electroporation-based treatments are motivated by the response of biological membranes to high- intensity pulsed electric fields. These fields rearrange the membrane structure to enhance the membrane's diffusive permeability, or the degree to which a membrane allows molecules to diffuse through it, is impacted by the structure, composition, and environment in which the cell resides. Tracer molecules have been developed that are unable to pass through intact cell membranes yet enter permeabilized cells. This dissertation investigates the hypothesis that the flow of such molecules may be used to quantify the effects of the electrical stimulus and environmental conditions leading to membrane electroporation. Specifically, a series of electrical pulses that alternates between positive and negative pulses permeabilizes cells more symmetrically than a longer pulse with the same total on-time. However, the magnitude of this symmetric entry decreases for the shorter alternating pulses. Furthermore, a method for quantitatively measuring the permeability of the cell membrane was proposed and validated. From data near the electroporation threshold, the response of cells varies widely in the manner in which cells become permeabilized. This method is applied to study the transient cell membrane permeability induced by electroporation and is used to demonstrate that the cell membrane remains permeable beyond 30 min following treatment. To analyze these experimental findings in the context of physical mechanisms, computational models of molecular uptake were developed to simulate electroporation. The results of these simulations indicate that the cell's local environment during electroporation facilitates the degree of molecular uptake. We use these models to predict how manipulating both the environment of cells during electroporation affects the induced membrane permeability. These experimental and computational results provide evidence that supports the hypothesis of this dissertation and provide a foundation for future investigation and simulation of membrane electroporation.PHD
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Slaven, Simon. « Thin film carbon for lithium ion batteries / ». Thesis, Connect to Dissertations & ; Theses @ Tufts University, 1996.
Trouver le texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Tufts University, 1996.Adviser: Ronald B. Goldner. Submitted to the Dept. of Electrical Engineering. Includes bibliographical references. Access restricted to members of the Tufts University community. Also available via the World Wide Web;
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周如琪 et Ruqi Zhou. « Fundamental and applied studies of the low melting 1-methyl-3-ethylimidazolium chloride system for lithium battery application ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31243940.
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Zhou, Ruqi. « Fundamental and applied studies of the low melting 1-methyl-3-ethylimidazolium chloride system for lithium battery application / ». Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B24728883.
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Srinivasan, Padmanabhan. « Dynamic modeling and control of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell as a distributed generator ». Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2003. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=3087.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2003.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 62 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 46-48).
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Hanna, Hanna. « Electropermeabilization of inner and outer cell membranes with microsecond pulsed electric fields : effective new tool to control mesenchymal stem cells spontaneous Ca2+ oscillations ». Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS493/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Les champs électriques pulsés sont largement utilisés dans la recherche, la médecine, l'industrie alimentaire et d'autres procédés biotechnologiques. L'interaction d'une impulsion de 100 µs avec la membrane plasmique et la membrane du réticulum endoplasmique a été évaluée dans deux types cellulaires différents. La perméabilisation des organites cellulaires avec ce type d'impulsions est démontrée expérimentalement pour la première fois. L'utilisation d'une telle impulsion afin de contrôler les oscillations calciques spontanées dans les cellules souches mésenchymateuses humaines issues du tissu adipeux a été évaluée. En créant des pics calciques électro-induits d’amplitudes différentes, l'impulsion peut ou bien induire un pic calcique supplémentaire ou bien inhiber les oscillations spontanées pour quelques dizaines de minutes. Cette inhibition rend possible d’imposer à la cellule des pics d’amplitude et de fréquence désirés. Un essai d’application de l'impulsion 100 µs à des cellules souches subissant une différenciation osseuse a aussi été réalisé. Une impulsion électrique semble retarder la différenciation. Lors d'une différenciation osseuse, plusieurs couches cellulaires ont été observées. La caractérisation de ces couches a donné des résultats qui pourraient aider à obtenir des ostéoblastes matures dans un temps moindre que la normale. L'utilisation des champs électriques pulsés microsecondes, pour perméabiliser la membrane plasmique et les membranes internes des cellules, ainsi que pour moduler les concentrations du calcium intracellulaire, semble donc très intéressante pour étudier le rôle du calcium dans de nombreux processus physiologiques et pour manipuler les dynamiques calciques (oscillations, vagues, pics) dans différents types de cellules. Ainsi, cette technologie simple, facile à appliquer et disponible dans beaucoup de laboratoires serait envisageable pour la modulation et le contrôle de fonctions cellulaires basiques telles que la prolifération, la différenciation et l'apoptosePulsed electric fields are widely used in research, medicine, food industry and other biotechnological processes. The interaction of one 100 µs pulse with the plasma membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum membrane was evaluated in two different cell types. Pulse amplitude ranged between 100 and 3 000 V/cm. Organelles membrane permeabilization using this kind of pulses was experimentally demonstrated for the first time. The use of such a pulse to control the spontaneous calcium oscillations in human-adipose mesenchymal stem cells was also assessed. By creating electro-induced calcium spikes of different amplitudes, the pulse can either add a supplementary spike, or, on the contrary, inhibit the spontaneous oscillations for some tens of minutes. During this inhibition period, the electric pulse-mediated addition of calcium spikes of desired amplitude and frequency is still possible. The delivery of 100 µs pulses to stem cells undergoing osteodifferentiation was also performed. The electric pulse seemed to delay the differentiation. Moreover, during osteogenic differentiation, cells cultures displayed an organization in a few cell layers. The characterization of these layers gave results that may help to obtain mature osteoblast in less time than usual one. The use of the microsecond electric pulses technology to permeabilize the plasma and the internal cell membranes as well as to modulate internal calcium concentrations is therefore interesting to study the role of calcium in many physiological processes and to manipulate the cell calcium dynamics (oscillations, waves, spikes) in different cell types. Doing so, this available, simple and easy to apply technology could be used for the modulation and the control of basic cellular functions such as proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis
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Shahnia, Farhad. « Analysis and correction of voltage profile in low voltage distribution networks containing photovoltaic cells and electric vehicles ». Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2011. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/50834/1/Farhad_Shahnia_Thesis.pdf.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Voltage drop and rise at network peak and off–peak periods along with voltage unbalance are the major power quality problems in low voltage distribution networks. Usually, the utilities try to use adjusting the transformer tap changers as a solution for the voltage drop. They also try to distribute the loads equally as a solution for network voltage unbalance problem. On the other hand, the ever increasing energy demand, along with the necessity of cost reduction and higher reliability requirements, are driving the modern power systems towards Distributed Generation (DG) units. This can be in the form of small rooftop photovoltaic cells (PV), Plug–in Electric Vehicles (PEVs) or Micro Grids (MGs). Rooftop PVs, typically with power levels ranging from 1–5 kW installed by the householders are gaining popularity due to their financial benefits for the householders. Also PEVs will be soon emerged in residential distribution networks which behave as a huge residential load when they are being charged while in their later generation, they are also expected to support the network as small DG units which transfer the energy stored in their battery into grid. Furthermore, the MG which is a cluster of loads and several DG units such as diesel generators, PVs, fuel cells and batteries are recently introduced to distribution networks. The voltage unbalance in the network can be increased due to the uncertainties in the random connection point of the PVs and PEVs to the network, their nominal capacity and time of operation. Therefore, it is of high interest to investigate the voltage unbalance in these networks as the result of MGs, PVs and PEVs integration to low voltage networks. In addition, the network might experience non–standard voltage drop due to high penetration of PEVs, being charged at night periods, or non–standard voltage rise due to high penetration of PVs and PEVs generating electricity back into the grid in the network off–peak periods. In this thesis, a voltage unbalance sensitivity analysis and stochastic evaluation is carried out for PVs installed by the householders versus their installation point, their nominal capacity and penetration level as different uncertainties. A similar analysis is carried out for PEVs penetration in the network working in two different modes: Grid to vehicle and Vehicle to grid. Furthermore, the conventional methods are discussed for improving the voltage unbalance within these networks. This is later continued by proposing new and efficient improvement methods for voltage profile improvement at network peak and off–peak periods and voltage unbalance reduction. In addition, voltage unbalance reduction is investigated for MGs and new improvement methods are proposed and applied for the MG test bed, planned to be established at Queensland University of Technology (QUT). MATLAB and PSCAD/EMTDC simulation softwares are used for verification of the analyses and the proposals.
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Akkinapragada, Nagasmitha. « Dynamic modeling and simulations of solid oxide fuel cells for grid-tied applications ». Diss., Rolla, Mo. : University of Missouri-Rolla, 2007. http://scholarsmine.umr.edu/thesis/pdf/final_copy1_09007dcc8031997c.pdf.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri--Rolla, 2007.Vita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed April 17, 2007) Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-80).
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Rohr, Carsten. « InGaAsP quantum well cells for thermophotovoltaic applications ». Thesis, Imperial College London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341904.
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Khrypunov, G., A. Meriuts, H. Klochko, T. Shelest et A. Khrypunova. « Investigation of thin film solar cells on CdS/CdTe base with different back contacts ». Thesis, Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland, 2010. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/40526.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The peculiarities of photo-electric processes in thin film CdS/CdTe solar cells (SC) with different back electrodes (Cu/Au, ITO, Cu/ITO) havebeen studied. As it was established by capacitance – voltage (C-V) characteristics, the potential barrier heights for CdTe/Cu/Au and CdTe/ITO were 0.3 eV and 2.2 eV, respectively. The concentrations of charge carriers near back contact consisted 9⋅10²⁰ m⁻³ and 2⋅10²¹ m⁻³, respectively. A high carrier concentration and hi gh potential barrier of the ITO back contact caused the tunnel – recombination mechanism of the charge transport. The investigations of CdS/CdTe/ITO SC spectral photosensitivity testify a negative impact of the developed grain-boundary surface of the base layer on the processes of diffusion and separation of non-equilibrium currentcarriers generated by short-wave radiation. It is shown that the deposition of Cu nanolayer before the deposition of ITO films give stable efficiency 10% for bifacial CdS/CdTe solar cells.
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Winter, Anna Verfasser], et Dietrich [Akademischer Betreuer] [Knorr. « Impact of Pulsed Electric Fields (PEF) on post-permeabilization processes in plant cells / Anna Winter. Betreuer : Dietrich Knorr ». Berlin : Universitätsbibliothek der Technischen Universität Berlin, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1014946387/34.
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Stolwijk, Judith Anthea [Verfasser], et Joachim [Akademischer Betreuer] Wegener. « Electric manipulation and impedance analysis of adherent cells on gold-film electrodes / Judith Anthea Stolwijk. Betreuer : Joachim Wegener ». Regensburg : Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1023282070/34.
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Chandra-Ambhorn, Somrerk. « Reactivity and surface modification of stainless steels used as electric interconnectors in high temperature solid oxide fuel cells ». Grenoble INPG, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INPG0104.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Nous évaluons les aciers inoxydables ferritiques (AISI 441, AISI 444, et Crofer 22 APU) pour leur application comme éléments d'interconnexion électrique dans les SOFCs. Nous nous sommes focalisés sur la cinétique de croissance, la résistance surfacique de contact (ASR) et l'adhérence des couches d'oxyde thermique développées entre 700 et 900°C. La nuance AISI 441 a été sélectionnée comme étant compétitive pour cette application mais il est nécessaire d'améliorer l'ASR de cette dernière. Nous avons ensuite évalué l'influence de diverses modifications de surface de cette nuance en utilisant un dépôt de Ti, de TiO2 ou TiN obtenu par un PVD magnétron. Comme envisagé, nous observons que la conductivité de l'oxyde est améliorée, sans que les autres propriétés ne soient trop dégradées. Considérant l'ensemble des résultats, AISI 441 avec un dépôt de TiN est considéré comme la solution optimisée pour l'utilisation de cette nuance comme matériau d'interconnexion électriqueFerritic stainless steels (AISI 441, AISI444, and Crofer 22 APU) were evaluated for the application as interconnects in SOFCs. The interested properties studied were growth kinetics, area specifie resistance (ASR) and adhesion of oxide scales formed on the steels ln the temperature range 700-900°C. The AISI 441 was selected as the competitive grade for this application, but it seemed necessary to improve its ASR. The further work was then to evaluate the influence of coatings on this property, with Ti, TiO2 and TiN deposition on AISI 441 by the magnetron sputtering technique. As supposed, doping of the chromia scale by titanium increased ASR without degrading the other properties to a negative extent. Basing on investigated properties, it was concluded that TiN-coated AISI 441 exhibited the best optimised properties to be applied as SOFCs interconnect
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Jeong, Yeon Uk. « Solution-based chemical synthesis of electrode materials for electrochemical power sources / ». Digital version:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p9992829.
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GROSSO, ROBSON L. « Densificação e condutividade elétrica da zircônia-escândia-céria ». reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2012. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9934.
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Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:32:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:06:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Dissertação (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Garnica, Rodríguez Jairo Ivan. « Polyaniline-silica-nafion composite membranes for direct methanol fuel cells / ». [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18986.pdf.
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