Articles de revues : « Castile (Spain) – History – 17th century »

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Védyushkin, Vladimir. « Madrid in the Late 16th Century : Paradoxes of a City that Suddenly Became a Capital ». ISTORIYA 12, n^o 9 (107) (2021) : 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840017054-8.

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The article analyzes the historical experience of Madrid, which became the capital of Spain in 1561. The reasons for Philip II’s reluctance to establish the capital in Valladolid or Toledo, which previously often served as royal residences, are considered. The analysis of the ideas about Madrid in the texts of such authors of the 16th — early 17th centuries as Luis Cabrera de Córdoba, Lucio Marineo Siculo, Pedro de Medina shows that even before acquiring the capital status, it was a notable city of Castile, which had significant advantages, so that the choice in its favour was logical, although not predetermined. By the time the Court was transferred to Madrid, on the initiative of Philip II, a large-scale program of urban reforms was prepared, in which the features of Renaissance urbanism are clearly visible. The unusually rapid and uncontrolled growth of the city’s population after 1561 required the authorities to establish mechanisms for billeting courtiers and officials into the houses of Madrid residents and then standards for housing construction; the article analyzes the royal decree of 1567 dedicated to this matter. The most important tasks of the authorities were also to provide citizens with food, clean the streets and fight crime. The Royal decree of 1585 shows the attention of the authorities to these issues; the content and role of this decree are also discussed in the article. In general, the conceived program of urban reforms faced great difficulties, but the transformations that were carried out played an essential role in the history of Madrid.

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Silvestre Madrid, María, et Emiliano Almansa Rodríguez. « Almadén en la España del siglo XVII. Crisis de producción de azogue y soluciones propuestas ». Vínculos de Historia. Revista del Departamento de Historia de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, n^o 8 (20 juin 2019) : 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.18239/vdh_2019.08.17.

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RESUMENA mediados del siglo XVI, la mina de azogue de Almadén adquirió una gran importancia debido al descubrimiento del método industrial de la amalgamación para los minerales de plata de baja ley. Los accidentes, enfermedades y el impago de salarios hicieron que el trabajo de minero no fuera atractivo para los forasteros, de modo que faltaban brazos para dar la producción de azogue necesaria para abastecer a las minas americanas de plata. En el siglo XVII, el Consejo de Hacienda intentó solucionar el problema de las consignaciones económicas, lo que resultó harto difícil en una España con graves dificultades financieras y, por otra parte, trató de conseguir mano de obra para la mina, fuera forzada, esclava o procedente del repartimiento de pueblos cercanos.PALABRAS CLAVE: Almadén, azogue, siglo XVII, mineros, repartimiento.ABSTRACTIn the middle of the 16th century, the Almadén quicksilver mine acquired considerable importance due to the discovery of the industrial method of amalgamation of low-grade silver ores. Accidents, diseases and unpaid wages made mining work unattractive to outsiders, so manpower was needed for the quicksilver production necessary to supply American silver mines. In the 17th century, theFinance Council attempted to solve the problem of economic consignments, which was very difficult in a Spain with serious financial difficulties and, meanwhile, tried to obtain workers for the mine, be they forced, enslaved or from the repartimiento of nearby villages.KEY WORDS: Almadén, quicksilver, 17th century, miners, repartimiento. BIBLIOGRAFÍAAgricolae, G., De Re Metallica libri XII, Basileae: Froben, 1556.Álvarez Nogal, C., El crédito de la monarquía hispánica en el reinado de Felipe IV, Ávila, Junta de Castilla y León, 1997.Bleiberg, G., El informe secreto de Mateo Alemán sobre el trabajo forzoso en las minas de Almadén, Londres, Tamesis Book Limited, 1984.Carande, R., Carlos V y sus banqueros, Barcelona, Editorial Crítica, 1987.Castillo Martos, M., Bartolomé de Medina y el siglo XVI. Un sevillano lleva la revolución tecnológica a América, Sevilla, Ayuntamiento de Sevilla, 2001.Dobado González, R., “Las minas de Almadén, el monopolio del azogue y la producción de plata en Nueva España en el siglo XVIII”, en La savia del imperio. Tres estudios de economía colonial, Salamanca, 1997, Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca, pp. 403-495.Gil Bautista, R., Almadén del Azogue, Puertollano, Ediciones Puertollano, 2013.Gil Bautista, R., Las minas de Almadén en la Edad Moderna, Publicaciones de la Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, 2015.González, T., Registro y relación general de minas de la Corona de Castilla, Madrid, Imprenta de Don Miguel de Burgos, 1832.Hernández Sobrino, A., Los esclavos del rey. Los forzados de Su Majestad en las minas de Almadén, años 1550-1800, Ciudad Real, Fundación Almadén y Asociación Montesur, 1982.Hernández Sobrino, A., Silvestre Madrid, M. A. y Almansa Rodríguez, E., “La mina de azogue de Almadén en la época del Quijote” en La España del Quijote: IV Centenario Cervantes, Llerena, 2017, Sociedad Extremeña de Historia, pp. 161-172.Langue, F. y Salazar-Soler, C., Dictionaire des termes miniers en usage en Amerique espagnole (XVI-XIX siecle), Paris, Editions Recherche sur les Civilisations, 1993.Matilla Tascón, A., Historia de las minas de Almadén, Vol. I: Desde la época romana hasta el año 1645, Madrid, Consejo de Administración de Minas de Almadén y Arrayanes, 1958.Matilla Tascón, A., Historia de las minas de Almadén, vol. II: Desde 1646 a 1799, Madrid, Minas de Almadén y Arrayanes, S.A. e Instituto de Estudios Fiscales, 1987.Menéndez Navarro, A., Catástrofe morboso de las minas mercuriales de la villa de Almadén del Azogue (1778) de José Parés y Franqués, edición anotada, Ciudad Real, Universidad de Castilla- La Mancha, 1998.Prieto, C., La minería en el Nuevo Mundo, Madrid, Ediciones de la Revista de Occidente, 1977.Prior Cabanillas, J., La pena de minas: los forzados de Almadén, 1646-1649, Ciudad Real, Fundación Almadén y Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha, 2006.Sánchez Gómez, J., De minería, metalurgia y comercio de metales. La minería no férrica en el reino de Castilla, 1450-1610, Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca e Instituto Tecnológico GeoMinero de España, 1989.Sánchez Gómez, J., “La técnica en la producción de metales monedables en España y en América”, en La savia del imperio. Tres estudios de economía colonial, Salamanca, Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca, 1997, pp. 17-264.Silvestre Madrid, M. Á., Mineros de Almadén en la América Colonial, Trabajo Fin de Máster, Universidad de Córdoba, inédito, 2014.Voltes Bou, P., El ocaso de los Fugger en España. Operaciones de los Fugger en la España del siglo XVII, Ciudad Real, Fundación Almadén, 2009.

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Budi, Syah. « Akar Historis dan Perkembangan Islam di Inggris ». TASAMUH : Jurnal Studi Islam 10, n^o 2 (3 septembre 2018) : 325–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.47945/tasamuh.v10i2.76.

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This paper will reveal the historical roots and Islamic development in British. The discussion covers various areas of study pertaining to historical situations. The study tends to focus on the search for the historical roots of Islam in the 7th to 15th and 16th-17th centuries, and also the development of Islamic institutions in British contemporer.The historical roots of Islam in Britain have existed since the discovery of several coins with the words 'laa ilaaha illallah' belonging to the King of Central England, Offa of Mercia, who died in 796. The history records that this Anglo Saxon King had trade ties with the peoples Muslim Spain, France and North Africa. In addition, also found in the 9th century the words 'bismillah' by Kufi Arabic on Ballycottin Cross. Indeed, in the eighth century history has noted that trade between Britain and the Muslim nations has been established. In fact, in 817 Muhammad bin Musa al-Khawarizmi wrote the book Shurat al-Ardhi (World Map) which contains a picture of a number of places in England. In the 12th century, when the feud with Pope Innocent III, King John established a relationship with Muslim rulers in North Africa. Later, in the era of Henry II, Adelard of Bath, a private teacher of the King of England who had visited Syria and Muslim Spain, translated a number of books by Arab Muslim writers into Latin. The same is done by Danel of Marley and Michael Scouts who translated Aristotle's works from Arabic. In 1386 Chaucer wrote in his book prologue Canterbury of Tales, a book that says that on the way back to Canterbury from the holy land, Palestine, a number of pilgrims visit physicists and other experts such as al-Razi, Ibn Sina and Ibnu Rusyd. At that time Ibn Sina's work, al-Qanun fi al-Tibb, had become the standard text for medical students until the seventeenth century.The development of Islam increasingly rapidly era after. In 1636 opened the Arabic language department at the University of Oxford. In addition, it is well known that the English King Charles I had collected Arabic and Persian manuscripts. In the era of Cromwell's post civil war, the Koran for the first time in 1649 was translated in English by Alexander Ross. In the nineteenth century more and more small Muslim communities, both immigrants from Africa and Asia, settled in port cities such as Cardif, South Shield (near New Castle), London and Liverpool. In the next stage, to this day, Islam in Britain has formally developed rapidly through the roles of institutions and priests, and the existence of Islam is also widely acknowledged by the kingdom, government, intellectuals, and the public at large

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Budi, Syah. « AKAR HISTORIS DAN PERKEMBANGAN ISLAM DI INGGRIS ». Tasamuh : Jurnal Studi Islam 10, n^o 2 (7 novembre 2018) : 325–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32489/tasamuh.40.

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This paper will reveal the historical roots and Islamic development in British. The discussion covers various areas of study pertaining to historical situations. The study tends to focus on the search for the historical roots of Islam in the 7th to 15th and 16th-17th centuries, and also the development of Islamic institutions in British contemporer.The historical roots of Islam in Britain have existed since the discovery of several coins with the words 'laa ilaaha illallah' belonging to the King of Central England, Offa of Mercia, who died in 796. The history records that this Anglo Saxon King had trade ties with the peoples Muslim Spain, France and North Africa. In addition, also found in the 9th century the words 'bismillah' by Kufi Arabic on Ballycottin Cross. Indeed, in the eighth century history has noted that trade between Britain and the Muslim nations has been established. In fact, in 817 Muhammad bin Musa al-Khawarizmi wrote the book Shurat al-Ardhi (World Map) which contains a picture of a number of places in England. In the 12th century, when the feud with Pope Innocent III, King John established a relationship with Muslim rulers in North Africa. Later, in the era of Henry II, Adelard of Bath, a private teacher of the King of England who had visited Syria and Muslim Spain, translated a number of books by Arab Muslim writers into Latin. The same is done by Danel of Marley and Michael Scouts who translated Aristotle's works from Arabic. In 1386 Chaucer wrote in his book prologue Canterbury of Tales, a book that says that on the way back to Canterbury from the holy land, Palestine, a number of pilgrims visit physicists and other experts such as al-Razi, Ibn Sina and Ibnu Rusyd. At that time Ibn Sina's work, al-Qanun fi al-Tibb, had become the standard text for medical students until the seventeenth century.The development of Islam increasingly rapidly era after. In 1636 opened the Arabic language department at the University of Oxford. In addition, it is well known that the English King Charles I had collected Arabic and Persian manuscripts. In the era of Cromwell's post civil war, the Koran for the first time in 1649 was translated in English by Alexander Ross. In the nineteenth century more and more small Muslim communities, both immigrants from Africa and Asia, settled in port cities such as Cardif, South Shield (near New Castle), London and Liverpool. In the next stage, to this day, Islam in Britain has formally developed rapidly through the roles of institutions and priests, and the existence of Islam is also widely acknowledged by the kingdom, government, intellectuals, and the public at large.

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Taylor, Scott. « CREDIT, DEBT, AND HONOR IN CASTILE, 1600-1650 ». Journal of Early Modern History 7, n^o 1 (2003) : 8–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006503322487331.

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AbstractBased largely on the findings of anthropologists of the Mediterranean in the twentieth century, the traditional understanding of honor in early modern Spain has been defined as a concern for chastity, for women, and a willingness to protect women's sexual purity and avenge affronts, for men. Criminal cases from Castile in the period 1600-1650 demonstrate that creditworthiness was also an important component of honor, both for men and for women. In these cases, early modern Castilians became involved in violent disputes over credit, invoking honor and the rituals of the duel to justify their positions and attack their opponents. Understanding the connection between credit, debt, and honor leads us to update the anthropological models that pre-modern European historians employ, on the one hand, and to a new appreciation for the way seventeenth-century Castilians understood their public reputations and identity, on the other.

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Rodríguez-Salgado, M. J. « Christians, Civilised and Spanish : Multiple Identities in Sixteenth-Century Spain ». Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 8 (décembre 1998) : 233–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3679296.

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In January 1556 Charles V renounced his rights to the Iberian kingdoms and passed them on to his son, Philip, who at once assumed the title of King of Spain. To his surprise and consternation, the English council refused to endorse it and pertly reminded him that the Kingdom of Spain did not exist. While the title had long been used, and almost every language had an equivalent for Spain and Spanish, the truth was that legally there was no such entity. Philip II's will reflected this judicial reality. He was, ‘by the grace of God, king of Castile, Leon, Aragon, the Two Sicilies, Jerusalem, Portugal, Navarre, Granada, Toledo, Valencia, Galicia, Mallorca, Seville, Sardinia, Cordoba, Corsica, Murcia, Jaen, Algarve, Gibraltar, the Canary Islands, the Eastern and Western Indies, the islands and terra firma of the Ocean Sea; archduke of Austria; duke of Burgundy, Bravant and Milan; count of Habsburg, Flanders, Tirol, Barcelona; Lord of Biscay, Molina etc.’. This lengthy litany partly explains why he and all his contemporaries habitually resorted to the title King of Spain as convenient short-hand. As we will see, however, there was more to it than simple utility. The terms were used because they were broadly understood and accepted. But it will be apparent at once that the concept of a specific Spanish identity in the sixteenth century is likely to be particularly problematic since Spain did not exist.

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Lees, Lynn Hollen, et Paul M. Hohenberg. « Urban Decline and Regional Economies : Brabant, Castile, and Lombardy, 1550–1750 ». Comparative Studies in Society and History 31, n^o 3 (juillet 1989) : 439–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417500015991.

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Urban troubles were endemic in early modern Europe. Not only did cities undergo sieges, conquests, and epidemics, but the rapid spread of rural protoindustrial manufacturing threatened established markets and employment patterns. The acute problems of Antwerp, captured by Spanish troops in 1685, or of Como, whose textile industry collapsed in the early seventeenth century are not isolated examples of cities in trouble. Many more could be offered. Indeed, descriptions of cities in the seventeenth century, particularly those of the Spanish Empire, stress depopulation and decay. Contemporaries saw around them scenes of urban desolation. Sir Thomas Overbury, travelling in the Spanish Netherlands around 1610, wrote of the “ruinous” towns, while visitors to Ciudad Real in Spain around 1620 noted vacant, tumbledown houses, unemployment, and urban land gone to waste (Parker 1977:253; Phillips 1979:29). After several years in which Spanish Lombardy was devastated by wars, famine, and plague, the Milan City Council complained of “the destitution of all sorts of persons and the threat of impending ruin.” Moreover, throughout the state, values of houses and landed property had allegedly plummeted (Sella 1979:57,63).

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Irish, Maya Soifer. « Tamquam domino proprio : Contesting Ecclesiastical Lordship over Jews in Thirteenth-Century Castile ». Medieval Encounters 19, n^o 5 (2013) : 534–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700674-12342151.

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Abstract Bishoprics and monasteries in many parts of Western Christendom possessed various combinations of jurisdictional and fiscal rights over Jewish communities. Prelates placed high value on their rights as the Jews’ temporal lords for the same reason secular rulers did: having Jews under one’s protection brought substantial benefits. Yet, with the growth of lay institutions—royal as well as communal—many of these prelates found their jurisdictional rights disputed by secular powers eager to wrest control over Jewish communities from the church. Anchoring the argument in two case studies from Northern Spain (Sahagun and Palencia, in Castile), the present study suggests that of far greater concern to local ecclesiastical leadership than any ideological program directed at the Jews was the growing competition for Jewish services and revenues between church authorities, royal governments, and municipal councils.

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Miguel Borge, Marta. « El léxico de la vida cotidiana en Tierra de Campos en el siglo XVII (aperos y recipientes agrícolas) = The daily lexicon in Tierra de Campos in the Seventeenth century (agricultural tools and containers) ». Estudios Humanísticos. Filología, n^o 42 (18 décembre 2020) : 59–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/ehf.v0i42.6275.

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No cabe duda de que los inventarios de bienes proporcionan una información muy valiosa sobre el léxico de la vida cotidiana. En nuestro caso, hemos realizado un muestreo en la comarca de Tierra de Campos en el siglo XVII. El corpus documental se configura a partir de protocolos notariales obtenido en los Archivos Históricos Provinciales de León, Palencia, Valladolid y Zamora. Estos inventarios constituyen una herramienta fundamental para conocer el léxico de los bienes y objetos que componían el día a día de las personas. En nuestro caso, el campo semántico estudiado se centra en la actividad agrícola.There is no doubt that property inventories provide invaluable information about the lexicon of everyday life. In our case, we have carried out a sampling in the Tierra de Campos region (Castile and Leon, Spain) in the 17th century. The documentary corpus has been taken from the notarial protocols from the Provincial Historical Archives of León, Palencia, Valladolid, and Zamora. These inventories are an essential tool to find out the lexicon of the goods and objects of people's daily life. In our case, focused on agricultural activity.

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Pereda, Felipe. « The Shelter of the Savage : “From Valladolid to the New World” ». Medieval Encounters 16, n^o 2-4 (2010) : 268–359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006710x497760.

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AbstractVegetal architecture, also known as Astwerk (literally “branch-work”) spread since the middle of the 15th century until the first two decades of the following century all over Europe. Efforts to interpret this phenomenon, however, have remained focused on the North European examples. The analysis of the extraordinary building of the Colegio of San Gregorio (Valladolid, Spain) shows how Astwerk in Castile was shaped both by the concrete ideas that related architecture and nature in the writings of Seneca, but also as a reflection of the first impressions of Europe’s encounter with the New World, where, as first reported by Columbus, the forces of nature and technology were viewed through startling and new lens.

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Aurov, Oleg. « Borders in the System of the Local Community (Concejo) in Central Spain from the 11th to the Middle of the 14th Century ». ISTORIYA 12, n^o 9 (107) (2021) : 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840017150-4.

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The article attempts to analyze a complex of external and internal borders of the local community (concejo), which existed in the Kingdom of Castile and Leon from the 11th to the middle of the 14th century. The information of the primary sources (mostly the legislative texts and the documents) explains that the concejo (which united city and country in its borders) had a wide territorial jurisdiction. But in the same time the local community was much more the element of the feudal (royal and manorial) power mechanisms that the self-governed municipal institute.

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Echevarría, Ana. « Better Muslim or Jew ? The Controversy Around Conversion across Minorities in Fifteenth-Century Castile ». Medieval Encounters 24, n^o 1-3 (29 mai 2018) : 62–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700674-12340017.

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Abstract This article presents the Responsio in quaestione de muliere sarracena transeunte ad statum et ritum iudaicum (1451) by Alonso Fernández de Madrigal, “El Tostado” (1410–55), as a rich source for the study of conversion across minority groups. A trial conducted before the archbishop of Toledo concerning a Muslim woman turned Jew by her lover in Talavera de la Reina (Spain) caused a scandal in Christian society. As one of the most outstanding legal scholars at the University of Salamanca, Madrigal established the right of the archbishop of Toledo to judge an issue involving the two minorities and decided in favor of the woman returning to her faith of origin, instead of imposing the death penalty. While conversion superseded issues of illicit sexual relations, gender acted as a mitigating circumstance. This article will also consider how the three communities contributed to the survival of “cohabitation,” defined by Madrigal as social peace, and the preservation of the status of the different religions living together in Castile.

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Drews, Wolfram. « Imperial Rule in Medieval Spain ». Medieval History Journal 20, n^o 2 (21 septembre 2017) : 288–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971945817718641.

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With the coronation of Alfonso VII of Léon and Castile as ‘emperor of all Spain’ in Toledo in 1135 the imperial aspirations of the Leonese kings reached a climax. Their origins, however, go back to the tenth century, when individual kings were called ‘imperator’ in charters. This article traces the origins of this tradition within the context of political history and outlines the phenomenon of imperial self-ascriptions on the Iberian Peninsula. While modern research traditionally focused on the question of whether or not the kings of León pursued an ‘imperial programme’ and, if they did, what fundamental ideas lay behind such a programme, this article proposes a different approach: by focusing on the interdependencies between Christian and Muslim powers, it argues that the coronation of Alfonso VII could have been a direct response to the proclamation of ‘Abd al-Mu’min as caliph of the Almohad Empire in 1132. A close analysis of the royal and imperial titles already used by Alfonso’s grandfather Alfonso VI shows that he imitated the traditional caliphal title to be ‘ruler of the faithful’, although religious references were not a traditional part of Christian imperial titles. By examining Leonese and Almohad imperial self-ascriptions, the article offers a model by which we can explore the ways in which neighbouring imperial powers influenced each other and developed competing claims to power. The article establishes that Christian use of imperial titles on the Iberian Peninsula came to an abrupt end once competition with Muslim rivals became obsolete. It underlines the importance of the individual context in which a title was used, a point that stands in stark contrast to the received view that there was an unchanging ‘conceptual core’ to the notion of ‘empire’ as it was used by the peninsula’s kings. The article also highlights the hegemonic connotations of imperial notions in medieval Iberia and the importance of a motif of rulership that included subjects of both Christian and Muslim belief.

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Grieco, Viviana L. « Socializing the King's Debt : Local and Atlantic Financial Transactions of the Merchants of Buenos Aires, 1793-1808 ». Americas 65, n^o 3 (janvier 2009) : 321–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tam.0.0100.

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Between 1722 and 1779, the Bourbon kings managed to achieve financial stability without broadening the tax base or borrowing on a large scale. The incorporation of Aragon's territories under the crown of Castile, the Bourbon administrative reforms, sustained population and economic growth during the first half of the eighteenth century, added to the silver coming from the Americas, explain the general increase in income within the existing fiscal constitution. The revenues extracted from the American possessions, in particular from New Spain, were essential in keeping the metropolitan budget balanced. However, from the 1790s onwards, constant international warfare made ordinary revenues collected in the Americas insufficient for financing deficit spending in Spain. To meet shortfalls, the crown implemented extraordinary measures including the collection of loans, donativos, ecclesiastical subsidies, and the enforcement of the Decreto de Consolidación de vales reales in 1804. These measures demonstrate that the Spanish crown increasingly relied on its imperial financial network to balance its budget, and simultaneously postponed the politically costly implementation of a thorough fiscal reform in the metropolis.

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Nicolini, Esteban A., et Fernando Ramos Palencia. « Decomposing income inequality in a backward pre-industrial economy : Old Castile (Spain) in the middle of the eighteenth century ». Economic History Review 69, n^o 3 (10 septembre 2015) : 747–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ehr.12122.

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Escudé, Nuria, et Fabrizio Acanfora. « Music and Medicine in Spain : History and New Developments of a Growing Discipline ». Music and Medicine 10, n^o 1 (25 janvier 2018) : 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.47513/mmd.v10i1.600.

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The strong link between music and medicine has been documented in Spain since the 17th century, showing that the therapeutic effects of music have been known for centuries. The development of music therapy as a scientific, independent discipline on the Iberian Peninsula begins in the 1960s due to the pioneering work of Serafina Poch. Since then, the interest in music and medicine both by specialists and public has constantly increased. Nowadays, music therapy is taught in public universities and private institutions, and a growing number of health care and educational centers is implementing music therapy projects each year, producing also an increase in the research on the subject. A sore point, which we hope can be resolved soon, is that music therapy in Spain has not yet been recognized with an official title and as an independent profession, leading to fragmentation of the field and leaving the door open to professional intrusion. Keywords: music therapy, music medicine, Spain.

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Martínez Hernández, Santiago. « Between Court and Village : The Evolution of Aristocratic Spaces in Early Modern Spain ». Renaissance and Reformation 43, n^o 4 (14 avril 2021) : 19–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/rr.v43i4.36379.

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In May 1561, King Philip II informed the town hall of Madrid that he had chosen their town as the site for his royal residence and court. That year, the city was swiftly transformed into the Catholic king’s court and the heart of his vast monarchy. It also became the principal political and cultural space for the nobility. Yet the greatest noble houses, particularly those in Castile, were initially resistant to the establishment of a sedentary royal court and continued to exercise and represent their status at their own traditional courts. Increasingly, however, they were obliged to reside in Madrid in order to ensure direct access to the king’s grace and favour. Throughout the seventeenth century, the Spanish aristocracy became courtiers through necessity rather than conviction. In response to this situation, and without neglecting their noble estates and interests, they created their own spaces at court, and over time were able to colonize the royal capital and convert it into their own natural habitat.

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Jané, Oscar. « Controlar la frontera en Cataluña. Fortificar y dominar el espacio en la época moderna ». Vínculos de Historia Revista del Departamento de Historia de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, n^o 11 (22 juin 2022) : 170–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.18239/vdh_2022.11.07.

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El texto aborda la evolución del análisis historiográfico que se ha llevado a cabo sobre la Cataluña moderna entre finales del siglo XVI y principios del XVIII. Aunque la frontera moderna de Cataluña puede ser múltiple, nos centramos esencialmente en aquella que va desde el Valle de Arán hasta el Mediterráneo. El texto abre con una primera reflexión sobre el camino hacia el cambio de modelo, luego evoca los efectos de las guerras con Francia, con algunos ejemplos concretos, como el de Cerdaña, y, por último, expone la realidad percibida y llevada a cabo con la nueva “fortificación” de la frontera catalana a finales del siglo XVII, cuando el control de Francia se hace evidente. Palabras clave: Frontera, fronterización, fortificaciónTopónimos: Francia, España, Cataluña,Período: época moderna ABSTRACTThe text addresses the evolution of the historiographical analysis that of modern Catalonia between the end of the 16th and the beginning of the 18th century. Although the modern border of Catalonia may be multiple, the focus will essentially be upon the border that runs from the Arán Valley to the Mediterranean. The text opens with an initial reflection on the path towards a change of model, before evoking the effects of the wars with France, with some specific examples, such as that of Cerdanya, and finally presenting the reality perceived and manifested with the new “fortification” of the Catalan border at the end of the 17th century, when French control became evident. Keywords: Border, bordering, fortificationPlace names: France, Spain, CataloniaPeriod: modern era REFERENCIASAyats, A., Louis XIV et les Pyrénées catalanes de 1659 à 1681. Frontière politique et frontières militaires, Trabucaire, Canet, 2002.Bély, L., “La representación de la frontera en las diplomacias durante la Época Moderna”, Manuscrits, 26, (2008), pp. 35-51.— “Westphalie, Pyrénées, Utrecht: trois traités pour redessiner l'Europe”, en O. Jané (ed.), Del Tractat dels Pirineus a l'Europa del segle XXI: un model en construcció, Museu d'Història de Catalunya-Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, 2010, pp. 13-21.Bourret, C., Les Pyrénées centrales du ixe au xixe siècle. La formation progressive d’une frontière, Pyrégraph, Aspet, 1995.Brunet, S., Les prêtres des montagnes. La vie, la mort, la foi dans les Pyrénées centrales sous l'Ancien Régime (Val d'Aran et diocèse de Comminges), PyréGraph, Aspet, 2001.Cámara, A., Fortificación y ciudad en los reinos de Felipe II, ed. NEREA, Madrid, 1998.Camiade, M., Genís, M.T. y Lacombe-Massot, J.-P., “Les mirades en el territori: les fortificacions al massís de l’Albera, el vessant més oriental dels Pirineus”, en Fronteres: una visió des de l'Empordà, Annals de l’Institut d’Estudis Empordanesos, 2011, pp. 491-502.Caner, P. y Vilar, L., “Castells i cases fortificades de Calonge”, Annals de l'Institut d'Estudis Gironins, 23, (1976), pp. 279-320.Capponi, N., “Le strade dell’ invasore. Strategia, fortezze e sistema difensivi nella Toscana dei secoli XVI-XVII”, en Frontiere e fortificazioni di frontera, Edizioni Firenze, Florencia, 2001, pp. 147-164.Carrió Arumí, J., “La política militar hispànica i la persecució de bandolers a Catalunya en els segles XVI-XVII”, Recerques: història, economia, cultura, 69, (2014), pp. 99-130.— Catalunya en l’estructura militar de la Monarquia Hispànica (1556-1640). Tres aspectes: les fortificacions, els soldats i els allotjaments, Tesis doctoral, UB, Barcelona, 2008.Casals, A., “Estructura defensiva de Catalunya a la primera meitat del segle XVI: els comtats de Rosselló i Cerdanya”, en El poder real de la Corona de Aragón: (siglos XIV-XVI),Gobierno de Aragón, Zaragoza, 1996, pp. 83-94.Colás Latorre, G. y Salas Ausens, J. A., Aragón en el siglo XVI. Alteraciones sociales y conflictos políticos, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 1982.Conesa, M., D’herbe, de terre et de sang: La Cerdagne du XIVe au XIXe siècle, Presses universitaires de Perpignan, Perpiñán, 2018.Cornette, J., Le roi de guerre. Essai sur la souveraineté dans la France du Grand Siècle, Editions Payot Rivages, París, 2000, p. 43Cortada, L., Estructures territorials, urbanisme i arquitectura poliorcètics a la Catalunya preindustrial, IEC, Barcelona, 1998, 2 vols.Díaz Capmany, C., “La construcció de la plaça forta de Sant Ferran a Figueres”, AIEE, 36, (2003), pp. 265-295.Dubost, J.-F., “Absolutisme et centralisation en Languedoc au XVIIe siècle (1620-1690)”, Revue d’histoire moderne et contemporaine, 37-3, (1990), pp. 369-397.Dubost, J.-F.y Sahlins, P., Et si on faisait payer les étrangers? Louis XIV. Les immigrés et quelques autres, Flammarion, París, 1999.Espino López, A., Cataluña durante el reinado de Carlos II: política y guerra en la frontera catalana, 1679-1697, Monografies Manuscrits, Bellaterra, 1999.— Las guerras de Cataluña. El Teatro de Marte, 1652-1714, Edaf, Madrid, 2014.— “Entre Francia y España. Conflicto político y defensa hispánica de la frontera en la Cerdaña, 1659-1672”, Hispania, vol. LXXVII, 257, (2017), pp. 705-733.— La Cerdaña en armas. Conflicto e identidad en la frontera catalana, 1637-1714, Ed. Milenio, Lleida, 2017.— Fronteras de la monarquía. Guerra y decadencia en tiempos de Carlos II, Ed. Milenio, Lleida, 2019.— “La nueva frontera militar en la Cerdaña. Las defensas de Puigcerdà (1659-1683)”, Chronica Nova, 47, (2021), pp. 213-242.Espino López, A. y Jané Checa, O. (eds.), Guerra, frontera i identitats, Ed. Afers, Catarroja-Barcelona, 2015.Estanyol, V., El pactisme en guerra (L'organització militar catalana als inicis de la guerra de separació, 1640-1642), Ed. Dalmau, Barcelona, 1999.Ferrier-Caverivière, N., “La guerre dans la littérature française de 1672 à 1715”, en Guerre et pouvoir en Europe au XVIIe siècle, H. Veyrier, Saint-Etienne, 1991, pp. 105-128.Gascón, J., Alzar banderas contra su rey. La rebelión aragonesa de 1591 contra Felipe II, Prensas Universitarias de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 2010.Gil Pujol, X., De las alteraciones a la estabilidad. Corona, fueros y política en el Reino de Aragón, 1585-1648, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 1989.Jané Checa, O., Catalunya i França al segle XVII. Identitats, contraidentitats i ideologies a l’època moderna (1640-1700), Afers, Catarroja, 2006.— La identitat de la frontera pirinenca. Efectes socials i polítics al nord de Catalunya des de la creació de Montlluís (1677-1698), Diputació de Girona, Girona, 2008.— Catalunya sense Espanya. Ramon Trobat, ideologia i catalanitat a l’empara de França, Ed. Afers, Catarroja-Barcelona, 2009.— “The boundaries between France and Spain in the Catalan Pyrenees: Elements for the construction and invention of borders”, en K. Stoklosa G. Besier (eds.), European Border Regions in Comparison: Overcoming Nationalistic Aspects or Re-Nationalization?, Routledge, New York-Oxford, 2014, pp. 39-57La Fuente, P. de, “La fortificació del litoral cadaquesenc al segle XVI”, Annals de l’Institut d’Estudis Empordanesos, 34, (2001), pp. 379-400.— “Anàlisi d’alguns aspectes sobre la concepció teòrica del projecte del castell de Sant Ferran”, Annals de l’Institut d’Estudis Empordanesos, 29, (1996), pp. 177-190.— La ciudad como problema militar: Perpiñán y los ingenieros de la monarquía española (ss. XVI-XVII), Tesis Doctoral, UNED, Madrid, 1995 (publicada por el Ministerio de Defensa en 1999).Macías Cordero, N., Tiburzio Spannocchi: su contribución a la fortificación aragonesa, TFG-Arquitectura, UPM, 2020.Martí Escayol, M. A. y Espino López, A., Catalunya abans de la Guerra de Successió: Ambrosi Borsano i la creació d'una nova frontera militar, 1659-1700, Ed. Afers, Catarroja-Barcelona, 2013.Martínez Latorre, D., Giovan Battista Calvi, ingeniero de las fortificaciones de Carlos V y Felipe II (1552-1565), Tesis Doctoral, Ministerio de Defensa, Barcelona, 2002.Muchembled, R., Le temps des supplices. De l’obéissance sous les rois absolus. XVe-XVIIIe siècles, Armand Colin, París, 1992.Nordman, D., Frontières de France, de l’espace au territoire (xvie-xixe siècles), Gallimard, París, 1998.— “La frontera: teories i lògiques territorials a França (segles XVI-XVIII), Manuscrits, 26, (2008), pp. 21-33.Paillissé, M.-A., Mont-Louis place forte et nouvelle (1679-1740), Mémoire de maîtrise, Université Paul-Valéry, Montpellier, 1982.Pernot, J.-F., “Guerre de siège et places fortes”, Guerre et pouvoir en Europe au XVIIe siècle, H. Veyrier, Kronos, Saint-Etienne, 1991, pp.129-150.Peytaví, J., “Salses”, en A. Catafau (ed.), Les celleres et la naissance du village en Roussillon (Xe-XVe siècles), Presses Universitaires de Perpignan, Perpiñán, 2014, pp. 591-601.Porras Gil, C., La organización defensiva española en los siglos XVI-XVII desde el río Eo hasta el Valle de Arán, Publicaciones Universidad de Valladolid, Salamanca, 1995.Poujade, P., Une vallée frontière dans le Grand siècle. Le Val d’Aran entre deux monarchies, Pyrégraph, Aspet, 1998.— “Comunicació i divisió a la frontera septentrional de Catalunya entre els segles XV i XVIII”, Catalan Historical Review, 11, (2018), pp. 137-149.Sahlins, P., Boundaries: the making of France and Spain in the Pyrenees, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1989.Sancho, M., “Apunts per una arqueologia dels castells i fortificacions pre-feudals a l’Alt Pirineu (Urgell, Pallars i Ribagorça), segles VI-X”, Treballs d’Arqueologia, 22, (2018), pp. 5-28.Sanllehy, M.A., “Le Val d’Aran: la frontière et les frontières (XVII et XVIIIe siècles)”, en Pays pyrénéens et Pouvoirs centraux (XVIe-XXe s.), Actes du Colloque International de Foix, Association des Amis des Archives de l’Ariège, Foix, 1993, pp. 467-478.— Comunitats, veïns i arrendataris a la Val d'Aran (S. XVII-XVIII), Garsineu, Tremp, 2 vols., 2007.Sanz Camañes, P., “Fronteras, poder y milicia en la España Moderna. Consecuencias de la administración militar en las poblaciones de la frontera catalano-aragonesa durante la Guerra de Secesión Catalana (1640-1652)”, Manuscrits, 26, (2008), pp. 53-77.— Estrategias de poder y guerra de frontera. Aragón en la Guerra de Secesión catalana (1640-1652), CEMCM, Huesca, 2001.Simon, E. y Obiols, L. (eds.), La Cerdanya de 1603: El Tractat del comtat de Cerdanya de Joan Trigall, Anem Editors, Andorra, 2020.Stopani, A., La production des frontières. Etat et communautés en Toscane (XVIe-XVIIe siècles), École Française de Rome, Roma, 2008.Takayanagi, S., “On projects of citadels in four spanish cities by Tiburzio Spannocchi”, Journal of Architecture and Planning, 81-719, (2016), pp. 225-235.Vivar Lombarte, G., “La fortificació de Catalunya: la introducció de les noves teories europees sobre el bastió (1675-1733)”, Pedralbes, 18-2, (1998), pp. 539-547.

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Ruiz Souza, Juan Carlos. « Architectural Languages, Functions, and Spaces : The Crown of Castile and Al-Andalus ». Medieval Encounters 12, n^o 3 (2006) : 360–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006706779166084.

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AbstractSince 1859, when Rodrigo Amador de los Ríos gave his speech “El estilo mudéjar en la arquitectura” at the Fine Arts Academy of San Fernando, the study of medieval Spanish art has been marked by the notion of the mudejar. Through it, Spain found a style and the basis of an identity that set it apart from other European countries. Mudejar became the name for every work that showed some indication of Islamic influence: buildings constructed with traditional techniques and materials, yet with some decorative element of Andalusian origin or simply buildings that contained a mudejar name in the list of those supervising their construction. In this essay, the influence of Islamic architecture in Christian territories is approached from a diVerent angle. Buildings are considered primarily spaces created for certain functions and secondarily representatives of a style or technique. Islamic styles were copied by Christians to very diVerent degrees. In some cases, completely, as in certain royal or noble palaces. In other cases, such as the façades of many Wfteenth-century city buildings or funerary chapels, Islamic spaces were appropriated and refashioned in Gothic style.

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Hernán, Enrique García. « War and Society in Spain ». International Bibliography of Military History 35, n^o 1 (30 mai 2015) : 9–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22115757-03501001.

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This article offers a new historiographical overview of the military history of Spain in the early modern period, covering recent works published by English-speaking scholars as well as the latest studies by Spanish and Italian historians. Differences tend to focus on whether the rival paradigms of ‘decline’ or ‘resilience’ offer the better insights into the period after the end of Spanish military supremacy (c. 1648). A survey of recent work on this topic leads us to some very significant observations about factors underpinning power, such as a common or shared culture and identity, as well as the more obvious and traditional components of military and naval power. The nature of royal power and monarchy are analysed, as are the structure of the army and the construction of the state in Spain. The relationship between the state and civil society, and the debate about the militarization of Iberian society and the study of cultural and religious values, are also examined. On balance, recent literature leads us to a more positive assessment of the resilience of Spanish military power in the second half of the 17th century.

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Maseda García, Rebeca, et Laura Castillo Mateu. « Female political leaders in Spanish popular culture : Institutionalized feminism in Isabel (TVE1, 2012‐14) ». International Journal of Iberian Studies 35, n^o 1 (1 mars 2022) : 23–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ijis_00061_1.

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A successful Spanish TV show, Isabel (three seasons, 2012‐14; broadcasted through the national TV channel La 1) recovers an important female political figure in Spanish history, Isabella I of Castile ‐ the Catholic monarch ‐ as a powerful leader who achieved the unification of Spain and the expansion of a true empire during the fifteenth century. This recovery is not naïve, but fully charged with ideological positions that are played out in Spain’s current context. By virtue of being a woman ‐ in fact, one of the most formidable female figures in Spanish history ‐ the show brings to the fore questions regarding the relationship between gender and power both in the past and present history of Spain. Reference to her government allows drawing connections with the current state of affairs, most notoriously the mainstreaming of a Spanish gender agenda. It is our contention that the show’s chronological progression from a life devoted to attaining and consolidating power to the aspiration of having love and family, as well as the casting choices and characterization of the main protagonist, reveal ongoing political debates regarding the Spanish institutionalization of feminism and the prevalence of an understanding of feminism in line with a neo-liberal logic.

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김선욱. « Henry VIII and La cisma de Inglaterra : The Conflict of History of England and Spain in the 17th Century ». Korean Journal of Hispanic Studies 9, n^o 2 (novembre 2016) : 29–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18217/kjhs.9.2.201611.29.

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Witthaus, Jan-Henrik. « Provecho e interés. El pensamiento económico entre las narrativas picarescas y la Ilustración. Aproximación a una historia conceptual continuada desde el Siglo de Oro hasta la Ilustración ». Volume 60 · 2019 60, n^o 1 (14 novembre 2019) : 243–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/ljb.60.1.243.

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The category of interest has formed part of the economic discourse since the 17th century and in this context adopts a variety of meanings, for instance the interest of credits or the individual advantages of a business or a contract. Conceptual history, however, points out that this concept has a strategic function within the introduction of economic sciences in the Enlightenment: the sublimation of passions which turns them into economic interests and which helps to improve the mutual treatment of human beings in society. The following article provides a short overview showing the evolution of the category of interest from the picaresque literature to the treaties and articles published in the context of the first liberalism in Spain that is to say the second half of the 18th century.

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Mörner, Magnus. « The Expulsion of The Jesuits From Spain and Spanish America In 1767 in Light of Eighteenth-Century Regalism ». Americas 23, n^o 2 (avril 2004) : 156–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/980582.

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When Expelling the Jesuits from his realm in 1767, Charles III of Spain explained this extraordinary measure in only vague and mysterious terms. He said he was “moved by weighty reasons, conscious of his duty to uphold obedience, tranquility and justice among his people, and (was also acting) for other urgent, just, and compelling causes, which he was locking away in his royal breast.” Furthermore, the first part of the report of the committee preparing the expulsion, the Extraordinary Council of Castile, a report which must have contained the motivation, has been missing since at least 1815. The whole history of the expulsion has thus been shrouded in an air of mystery. Historians have not been satisfied with pointing to possible Jesuit implication in the so-called “Hat and Cloak Riots ” of 1766, which caused the Extraordinary Council to be set up to undertake the inquiry that less than a year later produced the royal decision to expel the Jesuits. Instead, they have suggested other explanations according to their gift of imagination and their religio-political orientation. Several theories of “conspiracy ” have been advanced. Either the Freemasons, impious Voltairians or the manteistas, that is, intellectuals of poor background, supposedly resentful of the snobbism of Jesuit education, have been held responsible for such “conspiracies ” against the Jesuits. Important documentation from the Extraordinary Council, which almost compensates for the lost piece, has been easily available since the 1890’s.

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Huerta, Santiago, et Paula Fuentes. « Analysis and Demolition of Some Vaults of the Church of La Peregrina in Sahagún (Spain) ». Advanced Materials Research 133-134 (octobre 2010) : 343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.133-134.343.

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The Franciscan church of La Peregrina in Sahagún (Spain) was founded in the 13th Century. It has undergone many transformations and additions throughout its history. The most important were carried out in the 17th Century when the church was converted to the Baroque style. The apse vaults were demolished and new timbrel vaults were built hiding the Mudéjar windows. In the nave, the transverse arches that supported the modern roof were also demolished, internal counterforts were built and new barrel timbrel vaults with lunettes, erected. Eventually, an oval dome was built on the transept. Recent restoration work will give the building a new use. The project aims to recover the Mudéjar apse with its windows providing natural light to the presbytery. This involves the demolition of the Baroque vaults above the presbytery (a barrel vault terminated with a semi-dome). The oval dome will lose some buttressing to the side of the apse and an expertise was required to assess the feasibility of the operation. In the present paper the structure of the church will be described and the analysis of the oval dome with and without the presbytery vaults will be explained.

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Pronkevich, Oleksandr. « The Stone Host, Lesia Ukrainka’s “Spanish” Play ». Kyiv-Mohyla Humanities Journal, n^o 8 (24 décembre 2021) : 16–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18523/kmhj249167.2021-8.16-32.

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The article provides an analysis of the “Spanish code” inscribed in the text of Lesia Ukrainka’s drama Kaminnyi hospodar (The Stone Host). The constituents of the code include: 1) conventions of 17th century Spanish baroque drama, in particular, use of the dialectics of the concepts of dignity and reputation as a driving mechanism for confl ict throughout Lesia Ukrainka’s play and transformation within the classical scheme of characters suggested by Lope de Vega and his followers; 2) stereotypes of “Spanishness” through which the playwright produced a heteroimage of Spain. Lesia Ukrainka’s variant of the famous legend of Don Juan is a sophisticated modernist drama. The “Spanish code” serves as a prism through which the playwright examines the world. Lesia Ukrainka created an astonishing modernist tragicomedy of dishonesty, full of the spirit of uncertainty.

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Roskamp, Hans, et Cristina Monzón. « El título primordial tarasco de Tócuaro, Michoacán ». Tlalocan 25 (7 septembre 2020) : 287–342. http://dx.doi.org/10.19130/iifl.tlalocan.2020.0008.

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Primordial titles form an important category in the extensive corpus of native documents from 17th and 18th century New Spain. Generally made by local scribes (carariecha) or regional specialists who combined information from older documents and oral tradition, they emphasize the foundation of the villages and the boundaries of their lands. These local histories were —and often still are— used whenever the territorial integrity of the community was threatened by their neighbors. The present article includes the transcription, translation and analysis of a primordial title written in the Tarascan or P’urhépecha language. The document, now kept in the National Library of Anthropology and History (BNAH) in Mexico City, originally comes from Tócuaro, a small village on the southern shores of Lake Pátzcuaro in Michoacán.

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Soler-Estrela, Alba. « Cultural Landscape Assessment : The Rural Architectural Heritage (13th–17th Centuries) in Mediterranean Valleys of Marina Alta, Spain ». Buildings 8, n^o 10 (11 octobre 2018) : 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings8100140.

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Europe’s cultural heritage is a rich and diverse legacy that shows evolution through many centuries of history. The Mediterranean landscape is the result of a long process of human activity in the physical environment, which makes the cultural landscape concept remarkable. Despite its growing interest, most cases are still exposed to different types of threats that can compromise their permanence. Given cultural variety, its consideration requires a multidisciplinary approach to provide scientific knowledge and to assess its values from different points of view (e.g., territorial, historical, technical, artistic, etc.). The valleys of Marina Alta are a most interesting example of different periods of history, from prehistory to recent rural life. Mountain conditions have favoured the survival of rural heritage, which is not that affected by the threat of better communicated areas and can be consider a place of exceptional value. In this context, our paper focuses on houses and hamlets of a Muslim origin that date back to at least the 13th century according to archival documents. Scattered in valleys, they are essential to understand historic transformations. They are directly related to the natural environment, are located in and have adapted to mountains to obtain small farming areas with small irrigated areas. Given their present state of ruin, an architectural assessment is needed to recognise the values and threats, and to make proposals for their conservation as a specific contribution to be considered part of an interdisciplinary vision.

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Конюшихина, Н. Л. « Questionnaires of 1575 and 1578 for “Topographic Relations of Philip II” ». Историческая география, n^o 5 (31 janvier 2022) : 79–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.21267/aquilo.2022.84.92.001.

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В публикации представлен перевод двух анкет 1575 и 1578 гг. и сопутствующих им документов — одних из важнейших исторических источников по испанской истории и исторической географии второй половины XVI века. Ответы на опросники составили корпус документации, известной как «Топографические донесения Филиппа II» (исп. Las Relaciones Topográficas de Felipe II). Наряду с переводом публикация содержит предисловие и комментарии, касающиеся истории создания этого корпуса документов. Анкеты охватывают самый разнообразный круг вопросов: от географического положения населенных пунктов, времени их основания, юридического статуса, естественных ресурсов, местного производства до вопросов, посвященных религии и культу, выдающимся людям и событиям, примечательным местам и явлениям. Большинство донесений было получено от территории Новой Кастилии (провинции Мадрид, Толедо, Сьюдад Реаль, Гвадалахара, Куэнка). Оставшиеся донесения приходятся на Альбасете, Эстремадуру, Аликанте, Хаэн, Мурсию и Саламанку. The article contains a translation of two questionnaires of 1575 and 1578 and their accompanying documents. These documents are most important historical sources on Spanish history and historical geography in the second half of the 16th century. They were replies by locals in Spain, mainly in the region of New Castile. The answers to the questionnaires constitute a body of documentation known as Las Relaciones Topográficas de Felipe II ("Topographical Reports of Philip II"). Along with the translation, this publication includes a preface and commentary on the history of this corpus. The questionnaires cover a wide range of topics, from geographic location, time of establishment, legal status, natural resources, and local production to questions about religion and cult, notable people and events, and remarkable sites and phenomena. Most of the reports came from the territory of New Castile (provinces of Madrid, Toledo, Ciudad Real, Guadalajara, Cuenca). The remaining reports come from Albacete, Extremadura, Alicante, Jaén, Murcia, and Salamanca.

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Rodríguez Solís, José Javier. « La Monarquía de España desde Castilla. Identidad y reinos en la obra de Pedro Salazar de Mendoza = The Monarchy of Spain from Castile. Identity and Kingdoms in Pedro Salazar de Mendoza’s Work ». Espacio Tiempo y Forma. Serie IV, Historia Moderna, n^o 30 (13 décembre 2017) : 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/etfiv.30.2017.19229.

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El artículo siguiente atiende el estudio de la obra Monarquía de España, compuesta por el jurista y canónigo de la catedral de Toledo, Pedro Salazar de Mendoza, fechada entre 1597 y 1599, aunque publicada finalmente en 1770. En sus páginas, se ofrece una historia de España desde la llegada de Túbal hasta el reinado de Felipe II, en la que se perciben respuestas a las principales cuestiones identitarias que afectaban a la monarquía en el paso al siglo XVII: desde la consolidación de un pasado mítico unido al relato veterotestamentario hasta la importancia de los godos en la conformación política de Hispania. Sin embargo, el aspecto más relevante de la obra es un planteamiento de la monarquía partiendo de los reinos jurídicamente vinculados al rey Felipe II, entre los que destaca Castilla, como un reino con una iurisdictio propia bien distinguible. La apelación al pasado castellano es el mejor ejemplo del tipo de monarquía que buscaba describir en un momento de cambio y reforma de la misma. Algo que engarza con el objetivo de nuestro trabajo respecto a la identificación de diferentes identidades en la Monarquía hispánica. AbstractThe article studies the work Monarquía de España, written in 1597-1599 by Pedro Salazar de Mendoza, a jurist and canon of the Cathedral of Toledo, which was not published until 1770. The book tells the history of Spain from the arrival of Tubal during the Philip II’s reign, developing the most historiographical problems which affected to the Monarchy in the step into XVIIth century. In this project, his consideration of the mythical past, Chaldean origins, will be analysed, together with references to his reflexion about Goths in the historical constitution of Hispania. But, it is mostly interesting to study a history of the Monarchy from the kingdoms’ perspective. In this point, he emphasizes the role of Castile as a kingdom with its own laws and an independent past, exalting a political culture from Castile that has been usually ignored by historiography.

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Fountain, Catherine. « Worthy the Name of a Grammar : Verb Morphology and Conjugation in Carochi’sArte de la Lengua Mexicana(1645) and Eliot’sThe Indian Grammar Begun(1666) ». Historiographia Linguistica International Journal for the History of the Language Sciences 36, n^o 2-3 (2009) : 281–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.36.2-3.06fou.

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This article compares two missionary grammars written in the middle of the 17th century, Horacio Carochi’s (1579–1662)Arte de la Lengua Mexicana con la declaración de los adverbios della(1645) and John Eliot’s (1604–1690)The Indian Grammar Begun: or, an Essay to Bring the Indian Language into Rules(1666). Although published only 21 years apart, the two works differ in both context and theoretical underpinnings. These differences are manifested both in the type and depth of analysis undertaken by each author. Indeed, Carochi’s analysis goes much deeper and offers a more complete description of the language treated. While this can be attributed in part to Carochi’s own linguistic ability, the quality and completeness of his grammar is due in large part to the existence of a tradition of scholarship concerning Nahuatl in New Spain, a tradition that is strikingly absent in New England of the time.

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Fountain, Catherine. « Worthy the Name of a Grammar ». Quot homines tot artes : New Studies in Missionary Linguistics 36, n^o 2-3 (1 décembre 2009) : 281–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.36.2.06fou.

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Summary This article compares two missionary grammars written in the middle of the 17th century, Horacio Carochi’s (1579–1662) Arte de la Lengua Mexicana con la declaración de los adverbios della (1645) and John Eliot’s (1604–1690) The Indian Grammar Begun: or, an Essay to Bring the Indian Language into Rules (1666). Although published only 21 years apart, the two works differ in both context and theoretical underpinnings. These differences are manifested both in the type and depth of analysis undertaken by each author. Indeed, Carochi’s analysis goes much deeper and offers a more complete description of the language treated. While this can be attributed in part to Carochi’s own linguistic ability, the quality and completeness of his grammar is due in large part to the existence of a tradition of scholarship concerning Nahuatl in New Spain, a tradition that is strikingly absent in New England of the time.

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Greene, Molly. « Commerce and the Ottoman Conquest of Kandiye ». New Perspectives on Turkey 10 (1994) : 95–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0896634600000868.

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The Ottoman-Venetian war for the island of Crete in the middle of the 17th century (1645-1669) was in some ways an anachronistic struggle. The era of imperial struggle in the Mediterranean had come to a close in 1578 when the Portuguese army, assisted by Spain, was defeated at Alcazar in Morocco by the army of the Ottoman protégé, Abd al-Malik. The Ottoman victory was followed by a Spanish-Ottoman truce signed in 1580 which, though it seemed tentative at the time, ushered in a long period of peace in the Mediterranean region. The Spanish acquiesced to Ottoman control of North Africa and turned their attention to their acquisitions in the new world. The Ottomans, for their part, occupied themselves with military conquests in the East and no new campaigns were launched in the Mediterranean.

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Scammell, G. V. « The Columbian Legacy ». Itinerario 17, n^o 1 (mars 1993) : 21–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300003673.

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The quincentenary of Columbus' arrival in the New World is now safely past. The spate of timely studies, instant media wisdom, abysmal films, ecological outrage, mediocre drama and politically correct comment is subsiding. Yet ironically enough, despite such outpourings we know little more about the man himself than was known a century ago. His legacy is another matter. The successful crossing of the Atlantic, followed by European conquest and settlement of part of the Americas were eventually to affect most of mankind, though not always in such a manner as publicists in early-modern Castile predicted or as has been alleged by Columbus' modern detractors. But before we turn to this vast and emotive subject it should be emphasized that the Admiral's achievements in a brief, enigmatic and turbulent public career were of an astounding and probably unparallelled order. A man of foreign and obscure birth, he managed to secure employment in race and caste-ridden Spain, and from such unpropitious beginnings went on to prove himself a superlative seaman. He inspired and accomplished four voyages which revealed to Europeans a huge continent of which they were unaware. He discovered more unknown territory than any other navigator. He achieved some understanding of the true size of the Atlantic – and just how much of the globe was covered by water came as a horrible shock to his contemporaries – and, uniquely, he set in motion a staggering sequence of exploration and conquest.

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Ershova, Irina V. « The Strange Appropriation : “Novels on Spanish Princes” in Russian Popular Literature of the End of 17th – First Half of 18th Centuries ». Literary Fact, n^o 4 (26) (2022) : 123–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2541-8297-2022-26-123-139.

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The article deals with the history of Russian manuscript tradition from the period since the end of the 17th – first half of the 18th century that is a version of the so-called European “popular literature.” These books were addressing mass audience interested in fictional literature, and contained secular and entertaining stories, mainly based on amorous adventures. Part of this Russian tradition was represented by translated novels, including the trend that might be aptly defined as “novels on Spanish princes.” This description is systematically used in the titles of corresponding texts, and that facts looks rather strange, considering almost total lack of knowledge of Spanish literature or language, or any contacts with Spain in the Russian culture of the time. Through the analysis of a number of these texts (“The Novel of Brun,” “The Story of Decoronij,” “The Story of Doltorn,” and several others), the author comes to a hypothetical explanation of the origin of this peculiar genre that becomes a specific appropriation of Spanishness in Russian literature.

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Truong, Anh Thuan. « Conflicts among religious orders of Christianity : А study of Vietnam during the 17th and 18th centuries ». Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies 37, n^o 2 (2021) : 369–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2021.214.

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During the 17th and 18th centuries, the presence as well as activities of religious orders of Christianity in Vietnam, predominantly the Society of Jesus, Mendicant Orders (Franciscan Order, Dominican Order, etc.), and the Society of Foreign Missions of Paris, to establish or maintain and strengthen the interests of some Western countries’ (Portugal, Spain, France) missionary work in this country led to conflicts and disputes over the missionary area as well as the right to manage missionary activities among religious orders of Christianity. From 1665 to 1773, the Vietnamese Catholic Church witnessed protracted disputes and conflicts between Jesuits sponsored by the Portuguese and the Society of Foreign Missions of Paris backed by France. While contradictions between them remained unresolved, from the first half of the 18th century onwards, conflicts and disputes between the Spanish Franciscan Order and the missionaries of the Society of Foreign Missions of Paris continued to arise. This influenced the development of Christianity in Vietnam during this period. Based on original historical sources and academic achievements of Vietnamese scholars as well as international, this article applies two main research methods of the history of science (historical and logical methods) with other research methods (systemic, analysis, synthesis, comparison, etc.) to closely examine the “panorama” of the conflicts between the religious orders of Christianity that took place in Vietnam during the 17th and 18th centuries. The article analyzes the underlying and direct cause of this phenomenon, making certain contributions to the study of the relationship among religious orders in the process of introduction and development of Christianity in Vietnam, as well as the history of East-West cultural exchange in the country during this period.

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Védyushkin, Vladimir. « The Embassy of Pyotr Potemkin to Spain, 1667–1668 : Some Features of Mutual Perception and Dialogue of Two Diplomacies ». Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, n^o 5 (2021) : 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013038640015032-3.

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The Russian diplomacy of the 17th century had some specific features in comparison with the Western European diplomacy of the same time. The purpose of this article is to identify these features and analyze the perception of Russian ambassadors by European diplomats. The research is based on both Russian and Spanish documentation of the embassy of Piotr Potemkin (1667–1668), the first Russian embassy in Spain. Since there were no instances of diplomatic contacts between the two countries in the past, the diplomatic ceremonial was of crucial importance for P. Potemkin’s mission. Since no contact between the diplomats and the Ambassadorial Chancellery in Moscow was not possible due to the long distance between Russia and Spain, the detailed instructions (nakaz) given to P. Potemkin in Moscow acquired a special significance. Therefore the article aims to determine the extent and nature of the dependence of the diplomats’ actions on their instructions. A comparative analysis of the nakaz and the final report (stateinyi spisok) in the part related to the stay of the embassy in Madrid and the negotiation process shows that the ambassadors scrupulously observed the nakaz, taking initiative only in those cases that were not covered by it. All of its requirements had a logical explanation: not to harm the interests of Russia, not to lower the honour of the envoys of a great power, not to create a bad precedent in the diplomatic ceremonial. The Spanish side, not sufficiently aware of the specifics of the nakaz, sometimes did not understand the behaviour of the ambassadors, attributing it to their vanity, pettiness, and bad temper. At the same time, although the Russian embassy took Spanish diplomats wholly by surprise, the latter managed, within a limited time, to collect a variety of information about the Russians and take it into account, showing flexibility in organizing audiences and during negotiations. Although there were differences between Spanish and Russian diplomats, both sides adhered to European diplomatic practice. The absence of contradictions between the two states and their interest in establishing diplomatic relations and developing bilateral trade determined the success of P. Potemkin’s embassy.

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Bullón, T. « Little Ice Age, Palaeofloods and human adaptation on the Jarama River (Tajo Basin, Central Spain) from documentary proxy data ». Cuadernos de Investigación Geográfica 46, n^o 2 (15 septembre 2020) : 497–519. http://dx.doi.org/10.18172/cig.4276.

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This research assesses the close relationship between river history and human adaptation by combining the study of the migration of channels on the floodplain, the temporal distribution of floods, and human adaptation to the fluvial environment during the Little Ice Age (LIA) period on the Jarama River section situated between the mouths of two tributaries, the Henares and Manzanares. The methodology consists of the employment of abundant documentary records from the 14th to 19th centuries related to the response of society to hydrological dynamics within changing river patterns. The management and delimitation of land ownership, along with the readjustments and modifications therein, allow the inference of the changes that have taken place in the river throughout history. These changes include meander cut-offs, the abandonment of a channel fragment and aggradation in the alluvial plain, all of them located in different areas within the study area and with different historical timeframes. A relationship exists between changes in fluvial dynamics and the times of the greater abundance of floods. An initial change in the alluvial plain occurred in the Middle Ages as a result of the abandonment of the medieval channel and the creation of a new channel. The second change occurred between the 15th and 17th centuries and affected the properties on the right-hand bank of the river. Since the 18th century, the abandonment of and reduction in meanders and the aggradation at the Manzanares-Jarama mouth have created a new alluvial plain of the river. The different phases of the LIA defined herein coincide with much of the palynological and dendrochronological research conducted in other areas of the southwestern fringe of Europe. From the historical point of view, critical changes appear to be associated with some LIA phases. Furthermore, the progressive transformation of communal lands into public or private property could be promoted by the intense floods recorded since the 15th century. The Maunder and Dalton Minimums occurred together with an increase in the area assigned for agriculture on the alluvial plain; this land use type continued to grow during the 19th and 20th centuries.

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Sanders, Michael J. « Jerusalem Afflicted : Quaresmius, Spain, and the Idea of a 17th-Century Crusade. Chad Leahy and Ken Tully, eds. and trans. London : Routledge, 2020. xii + 198 pp. $155. » Renaissance Quarterly 74, n^o 2 (2021) : 695–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rqx.2021.82.

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Keller, Marcel, Maria A. Spyrou, Christiana L. Scheib, Gunnar U. Neumann, Andreas Kröpelin, Brigitte Haas-Gebhard, Bernd Päffgen et al. « Ancient Yersinia pestis genomes from across Western Europe reveal early diversification during the First Pandemic (541–750) ». Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, n^o 25 (4 juin 2019) : 12363–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1820447116.

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The first historically documented pandemic caused by Yersinia pestis began as the Justinianic Plague in 541 within the Roman Empire and continued as the so-called First Pandemic until 750. Although paleogenomic studies have previously identified the causative agent as Y. pestis, little is known about the bacterium’s spread, diversity, and genetic history over the course of the pandemic. To elucidate the microevolution of the bacterium during this time period, we screened human remains from 21 sites in Austria, Britain, Germany, France, and Spain for Y. pestis DNA and reconstructed eight genomes. We present a methodological approach assessing single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ancient bacterial genomes, facilitating qualitative analyses of low coverage genomes from a metagenomic background. Phylogenetic analysis on the eight reconstructed genomes reveals the existence of previously undocumented Y. pestis diversity during the sixth to eighth centuries, and provides evidence for the presence of multiple distinct Y. pestis strains in Europe. We offer genetic evidence for the presence of the Justinianic Plague in the British Isles, previously only hypothesized from ambiguous documentary accounts, as well as the parallel occurrence of multiple derived strains in central and southern France, Spain, and southern Germany. Four of the reported strains form a polytomy similar to others seen across the Y. pestis phylogeny, associated with the Second and Third Pandemics. We identified a deletion of a 45-kb genomic region in the most recent First Pandemic strains affecting two virulence factors, intriguingly overlapping with a deletion found in 17th- to 18th-century genomes of the Second Pandemic.

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Ridruejo, Emilio. « Los Epígonos Del Racionalismo en España ». Historiographia Linguistica 24, n^o 1-2 (1 janvier 1997) : 95–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.24.1-2.08rid.

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Summary French philosophical grammmar and grammatical rationalism developed from the 17th-century Port Royal Grammar, but they were not adopted by Spanish grammarians until early in the 19th century. Of works responsible for the introduction of French grammatical philosophy in Spain, one of the earliest and the most important one is the Principios de gramática general (Madrid 1835), by José Gómez Hermosilla (1771–1837/38?). The work was very well received; by 1841 it already was into a third edition. Even before first appearing in print, a manuscript of the Gramática General was used to adapt Gómez Hermosilla’s ideas to the 1828 Castilian grammar of Jacobo Saqueniza (anagram for Joaquín Cabezas). The most important of the Castilian grammars influenced by the work of Gómez Hermosilla were the one just mentioned and the one by Antonio Martinez de Noboa, published in 1839. The application of Hermosilla’s theories to descriptive grammars of Castilian required adapting both the theory and the description to achieve a reasonable fit between universal and language specific aspects. Other adjustments were required of the writers of descriptive grammars in order to avoid conflicts with a long and well established grammatical tradition. Nevertheless, grammars like those of Saqueniza and Noboa show innovations which resulted from their relationship with the theories of Hermosilla which will produce a deictic interpretation of articles, possesives and demonstratives, and will affect the theory of verb tenses, as well as the definitions of prepositions and conjunctions, and the classification of sentences. Additionally, Noboa’s Castilian Gramática, whose title makes a claim to be in accordance with grammatical philosophy, includes the most extensive and systematic treatment of syntax prior to the appearance of the work of Andres Bello (1781–1865) in 1847.

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Suciu, Silvia. « Afacerea artei. Piața de artă în Marea Britanie în secolele XVII -XVIII ». Anuarul Muzeului Etnograif al Transilvaniei 35 (20 décembre 2021) : 105–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.47802/amet.2021.35.06.

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While the royal houses and the aristocracy of Italy, Low Countries, France and Spain had already an history in collecting pieces of art, Great Britain adopted this “fashion” only under Charles the 1st reign, in 17th century. Charles the 1st understood that his painted portraits, sculpted busts and a royal collection of art could bring a higher value to his royal status and this practice was representing the power, the authority and the virtues of a king. He was a prodigious collector and made numerous acquisitions of paintings and statues. He collected the artworks of more than 1750 artists; that formed the basis of Royal Collection, the greatest private collection nowadays. The reign of Charles the 1st was highly significant for the appearance of “Court Painters”, who also had the quality of diplomats at various European courts. Peter Paul Rubens and Antoon Van Dyck have been highly appreciated at the court of Charles the 1st. In his artworks Van Dyck captured the “flamboyant” spirit of the time; he gave brilliance to his characters and transformed significantly the image of the King, providing him a special refinement, as it can be seen in the portraits he painted to Charles the 1st. The next century was marked by painters such as William Hogarth, Joshua Reynolds and Thomas Gainsborough. Hogarth was considered „the most famous painter in London”, and he brought his important contribution to the establishment of a copyright law. His printed graphic series and satirical paintings have been inspired from the social and political reality of his time. Aristocracy’s and bourgeoisie’s emancipation in the 18th century led to the flourishing of the portraiture. Reynolds and Gainsborough were the most desired painters when it came about making portraits and their fame transcended their time. Keywords: collection, Great Britain, Royal Painter, portrait, art power

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Borre, Ericson. « The First Hundred Years of the Augustinians in the Philippines(1565 -1665) : Daily Life, Customs, and Traditions ». Philippiniana Sacra 56, n^o 167 (1 janvier 2021) : 3–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.55997/1001pslvi167a1.

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Much has been written about the early missionaries in the Philippines especially about their contributions and their involvement in the country’s history. However, we know little about their daily life, customs, norms, and how they lived with the natives and evangelized them. They left their country to accompany and be of service to the spiritual needs of the voyagers, and to propagate the Christian faith to the new territories acquired by the Crown of Castile. The missionaries of the Augustinian Order arrived in 1565 and pioneered in the evangelization of the natives in the Philippines. They went from one island to another, establishing towns, building churches and convents, and continued to practice their religious vows and traditions under the new circumstances. The first hundred years of their presence reflects their ability to adopt and survive in a foreign land and demonstrate their ability to extend their influence on the lives of the 16th century Filipinos. With the extant materials available, such as the Libros de Gobierno at the archives of the Augustinian Philippine Province in the convent of Valladolid (Spain) which contain written records of the Provincial Chapters and other reports since 1572, this paper attempts to reconstruct the daily life of the Augustinians during their first hundred years (1565 – 1665) in the Philippines. This article provides perspectives on how they should be seen in their simplicity and efforts to bring Christianity to their fellow human beings regardless of race vis-à-vis the undeniable offenses committed by some of them and the vilification they received due to the mistakes of the few. The context of their quotidian life brings light on the issue and explains it.

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Hernández Borreguero, José Julián. « La elección del método contable : el caso del Cabildo Catedral de Sevilla, siglo XVI = Choosing an accounting method in the 17th century : the case of the Cathedral Council of Sevilla, Spain ». Pecvnia : Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Universidad de León, n^o 13 (1 décembre 2011) : 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/pec.v0i13.611.

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Gracias al avanzado estado de las investigaciones en Historia de la Contabilidad podemos situar en qué momento temporal aparecieron sucesivamente los distintos métodos contables que hoy conocemos. A pesar de ello, son pocos los estudios que analizan por qué los contadores elegían uno u otro para gestionar una determinada entidad económica. En nuestra opinión existen una serie de restricciones y condicionantes a la hora de la decisión sobre el método contable a implantar en un determinado negociado. En este trabajo centramos esta problemática en una entidad eclesiástica, concretamente el Cabildo Catedral de Sevilla. En el siglo XVII, cuando el uso de la partida doble estaba plenamente difundido en la ciudad y en el país, observamos cómo en la mayoría de los negociados del Cabildo no se utilizó este método, sino diversas variantes de la partida simple. A lo largo de esta comunicación analizamos los casos en los que se utilizan los distintos métodos; en nuestra opinión hay una buena correspondencia entre los métodos utilizados y la realidad económica que se gestionaba.<br /><br />Thanks to the advanced state of research about the history of accounting, we can exactly date the moment in which the present accounting methods were first used. However, there are few studies focusing on the reasons to choose a specific accounting method to manage an institution. This study reviews those reasons in an ecclesiastical institution, the Cathedral Council of Seville. In the 17th century, when double entry was widely used in town and throughout the country, we can see how the Cathedral Council used instead versions of the single entry method. This paper addresses the cases in which the different methods were used. We think that there is a good correspondence between the method chosen and the economic reality managed.

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Bamford, Heather. « Kirstin Kennedy, Alfonso X of Castile-León : Royal Patronage, Self-Promotion and Manuscripts in Thirteenth-Century Spain. (Church, Faith and Culture in the Medieval West.) Amsterdam : Amsterdam University Press, 2019. Pp. 228 ; 8 figures. €99. ISBN : 978-9-4629-8897-2. » Speculum 96, n^o 3 (1 juillet 2021) : 839–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/714836.

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Busto Cortina, Juan C. « Nuevos textos literarios asturianos del XVII y un nuevo testimonio del entremés de L'Alcalde ». Revista de Filoloxía Asturiana 17, n^o 17 (10 janvier 2018) : 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17811/rfa.17.2017.93-146.

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A partir de la reciente publicación de dos ediciones de poesía asturiana del siglo XVII, se examinan y sistematizan algunas informaciones sobre los poetas que participaron en los certámenes poéticos de 1639, 1665 y 1666. Los treinta años que separan uno y otros certámenes, y el ámbito jesuita donde se desarrolla el primero, hizo que muy pocos de los poetas que intervinieron en el de 1639 participasen en los que tuvieron lugar en la segunda mitad de siglo, hasta hace poco los únicos conocidos. Se pone en relación este tipo de poesía celebrativa que se compone en asturiano con lo que se produce en otros lugares de España. En el ámbito universitario salmantino se acogen textos en sayagués y también se emplea el sayagués (junto con el asturiano) en el certamen ovetense de 1639, en lo que pudo tener que ver la procedencia salmantina de su compilador, el P. Andrés Mendo. Sin embargo, mientras el sayagués pierde importancia en su uso literario a lo largo del XVII (ello se ve claramente en los villancicos), el empleo de otras lenguas irá en cambio en aumento a partir de este siglo. Ello es manifiesto en Galicia, en Navarra y en Asturias, cuyas lenguas vernáculas tendrán cabida en diversos certámenes durante este periodo. Se destaca el interés de otra nueva celebración poética de la que no había noticia hasta ahora: la que tiene lugar con la llegada a Asturias del obispo Ambrosio Ignacio de Spínola. En este contexto surge el nombre de un poeta completamente ignorado: Juan García de Prada, que muestra seguir de cerca el magisterio de Marirreguera en el uso de la octava real y de otros recursos literarios. Se dedica una especial atención al surgimiento de los primeros testimonios literarios manuscritos en asturiano que deben ser datados en la segunda mitad del XVII. Asimismo, se examina el caso particular de alguna obra regueriana: el Romance a Santa Eulalia de Mérida y el entremés de El Alcalde. De este entremés se ofrece una versión inédita contenida en un manuscrito de la primera mitad del XVIII, primer testimonio manuscrito de una obra de Marirreguera. Este testimonio presenta algunos rasgos lingüísticos (el empleo del pronombre -ye en función de dativo) que también aparecen en los poemas de García de Prada de la segunda mitad del XVII.Palabras clave: poesía asturiana del XVII; poesía celebrativa; Juan García de Prada; Andrés Mendo; Marirreguera; historia de la lengua asturiana; teatro de ‘entremés’.From the recent publication of two editions of Asturian poetry of the 17th century, some information on the poets who participated in the poetic contests of 1639, 1665 and 1666 are examined and systematized. The thirty years that separate one and other contests, and the Jesuit area where the first one was developed, made that very few of the poets who intervened in the one of 1639 could do so in those that took place in the second half of the century, the only ones known till recent times. This type of celebratory poetry that is composed in Asturian relates with what is produced in other places of Spain. In the University of Salamanca, texts are given in Sayagués, and the Sayagués (together with the Asturian) is also used in the competition of Oviedo in 1639, with which the Salmantine origin of its compiler, Fr. Andrés Mendo, could have had somethings to do. However, while the Sayagués lost importance in its literary use throughout the seventeenth century (this is clearly seen in the villancicos), the use of other languages will gradually increase from this century on. This is evident in Galicia, Pamplona and Asturias whose vernacular languages will have room in various competitions during this period. The interest of another new poetic celebration of which unknown is highlights: the one that takes place with the arrival in Asturias of the bishop Ambrosio Ignacio de Spínola. In this context comes the name of a completely ignored poet: Juan García de Prada, who shows to follow closely the magisterium of Marirreguera in the use of the real octave and other literary resources. Particular attention is given to the emergence of the first literary manuscripts testimonies in Asturian that must be dated in the second half of the xvii. Also the particular case of some Marirreguera’s work is examined: the «Romance to Santa Eulalia of Mérida» and the «El Alcalde» entremés. From this entremés an unpublished version contained in a manuscript of the first half of the xviii, first manuscript testimony of a work of Marirreguera is offered. This testimony presents some linguistic features (the use of the pronoun -ye in function of dative) that also appear in the poems of García de Prada of the second half of the xvii.Keywords: Asturian poetry of the 17th century; celebratory poetry; Juan García de Prada; Andrés Mendo; Marirreguera; history of the Asturian language; theatrical ‘entremés’.

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Piscos, James Lotero. « Stewardship Towards God’s Creation Among Early Filipinos : Implications to Inculturated Faith ». Bedan Research Journal 4, n^o 1 (30 avril 2019) : 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.58870/berj.v4i1.1.

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An integral inculturated faith is anchored to the Filipino cultural heritage and identity. Primal cosmic beliefs and practices carried the holistic customs of stewardships towards God’s creation where it embodied the union and mutuality of the natives to nature rather than control and subordination. The research utilized primary materials written by Spanish ethnographers in the 16th-17th century. Although their observations were from the colonizers’ perspectives, it still revealed beliefs and practices at that time common among early Filipinos. One needs to filter and decipher those accounts to unearth early Filipinos experiences of oikenomous. Although the study was limited to the Tagalogs, still the dynamics of power-relations between the inhabitants and nature were demonstrated using the lenses of Foucault’s discourse on power. The findings of the research could have implications to inculturated faith given the open atmosphere of the Church for its renewed evangelization that includes stewardship towards God’s creation where harmony and communion with Mother Earth strengthens our bonds with God and find each other in a place we truly call a home.ReferencesPre-hispanic influence on filipino culture. (1958). Sunday Times Special Issue on the Foundations of Filipino Culture, pp. 2-5.Two lectures: Critique and power. (1998).Blair, E. and Robertson, A. (1903-1990). The Philippine islands, 1493-1898: explorations by early navigators, Descriptions of the islands and their peoples, their history and records of the catholic missions, as related in contemporaneous books and manuscripts showing the political, economic, commercial and religious conditions of those islands from their earliest conditions with european nations to the close of the nineteenth century. (eds. at annots. ), 55. Cleveland: B & RCatholic Bishops Conference of the Philippines. (1991). Acts and decrees of theChirino, P. (1603). Relacion de las yslas Filipinas. 12, 174-321. Madrid: B & R.Colin, F. (1663). Labor evangelica. 40, 38-97. Madrid: B & RDavid, M., Mauro, B. & Alessandro, F. (Eds.). (1971). Society Must Be Defended: Lectures at the College de France, 1975-76. New York: Picador.Discipline and Punish: The birth of the prison. (1977). New York: Random House Inc.Donoso, I. et al.(n.d.) Transcribed and eds. Boxer Codex of 1570 (2018). Quezon City: Vibal Publishing.Filipino indigenous ethnic communities: Patterns, variations, and typologies. (1998). Quezon City: Punlad Research House, Inc.Filipino prehistory: Rediscovering precolonial heritage. (1998). Quezon City: Punlad Research House, Inc.Filipino worldview: Ethnography of local knowledge. (2001). Quezon City: Punlad Research House, Inc.Flannery, A. (1984). Vatican Council II: The Conciliar and Postconciliar documents. New York: Costello Publishing Co.Foucault, M. (1972). The archaeology of knowledge and the discourse on language. Translated by A.M. Sheridan Smith. New York: Pantheon Books.Fox, R. (1966). “Ancient filipino communities.” Filipino cultural heritage. Edited by F. Landa Jocano. Manila: Philippine Women’s University.Francis, Pope. (2015). Laudato si. Vatican Press. https://dokumen.tips/documents/notes-on-philippinedivinities.html.Hurley, R. (Ed) The history of sexuality: An introduction. (1990). 1..New York: Vintage Books.Jocano, L. (1969). Outline of Philippine mythology. Retrieved from https://www.amazon.com/Outline-Philippine-Mythology-Landa-Jocano/dp/1790400864#reader_1790400864 on December 10, 2018Kelly, M. (Ed). (1998). Foucault/Habermas Debate. Cambridge: The MIT Press.Licuanan, V. and Llavador, M. (1996) Philippines under Spain. (eds and annots). 6, Manila: National Trust for Historical and Cultural Preservation of the Philippines.Loarca, M. (1582). Relacion de las Yslas Filipinas. 5, 38-252. Madrid: B & RMadness and civilization: A history of insanity in the age of reason. (1965) London: Random House Inc.Morga, A. (1609). Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas. 15, 25-288. Mexico: B & RNational Historical Commission. (1887). Coleccion de documents ineditos de ultramar, Madrid.Notes on Philippine Divinities. (1968). Asian Studies.Pastells, P. (1925) Historia general de Filipinas in catalogo de los documentos relativos alas Islas Filipinas. Barcelona.Pigafetta, A. (1522). The first voyage around the world. 33, 24-266. Madrid: B & RPlasencia, J. (1589). Customs of the Tagalogs. 7, 173-198. Manila: B & RPre-history of the Philippines. (1967). Manila: National Museum.Ramos, M. (1990). Philippine myths, legends and folktales. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.San Agustin, G. (1998) Conquistas de las Islas Filipinas: 1565-1615. (Bilingual Edition.) Translated by Luis Antonio Maneru. Manila: San Agustin Museum.Second Plenary Council of the Philippines. Manila: CBCP Press.Sulod Society. (1968). Quezon City: Punlad Research House, Inc.Villote, R. (1987). My tenth hour. Syneraide Consultaties.Zaide, G., (1990) Documentary sources of Philippine History. (eds. at annots.) 14, Manila: National Bookstore.

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Nicolini, Esteban A., et Fernando Ramos-Palencia. « Comparing income and wealth inequality in pre-industrial economies : the case of Castile (Spain) in the eighteenth century ». European Review of Economic History, 13 janvier 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ereh/heaa026.

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AbstractMost research on inequality in pre-industrial economies has focused on either wealth or income, generating not readily comparable results. In this paper, we use a unique data set of Spain circa 1750 including information on (among other things) wealth and income for the same sample of households. Our findings provide methodological insights showing that a household’s position in the income distribution is strongly correlated with its position in the wealth distribution but is also influenced by several other household specific characteristics like human capital of the head of the household and the economic sector of her/his main occupation.

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Vitela Maldonado, Beatriz, et José Sanfilippo y Borrás. « Juan Díaz de Arce, biografía de un cronista ». Letras Históricas, n^o 27 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.31836/lh.27.7367.

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The aim of this article is to present the life of Juan Díaz de Arce, religious and professor at the Royal University of Mexico, who lived during the first half of the 17th century. Through his work, Libro de la Vida del Próximo Evangélico el Venerable Padre Bernardino Álvarez, Díaz de Arce spread knowledge of the religious hospital work in New Spain narrated by the Brothers of Charity as its protagonists. Díaz de Arce’s text is considered thus a key primary source for the study of the history of hospitals and places the author as a chronicler of the Hospital Orders in Mexico.

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Kaunain, Muflih Fahmi. « Islam Politik di Eropa : Dinamika Pengakuan Masyarakat Islam di Inggris dan Prancis Abad 20 ». Resolusi : Jurnal Sosial Politik, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32699/resolusi.v3i1.1287.

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Islam as religion and power system had entered Europe since seven century, it was a long history for minority religion in present day. Even Islam had a monarchy power in West-East Europe and a strong history of education and social system for hundred years. But, after Cross War in 13rd century and Europe kingdoms colonized againt Asia and Africa in 17th century, the history of powerfull Islam in Europe, esspecially in Spain and France, was disappeared. Only a view academic records on phiposhopy, health knowledge and ancient unique bulidings become a evidences of glorious of Islam. Nowdays, moslem in Europe are totally different situation, contrary to a thousand years ago. The End of War World II and the freedom of Asia and Africa Countries in 1945 made a climate of world politic changed. New countries in Asia and Africa, ex-colonized countries, become a marginal-countries in economic and politic. Especialy moslem countries, this poor condition made some of their citizen moved and transmigrated to Europe countries and America for persuit to better life. England and France, two favorite imigrant contries in Europe, esepcially for muslim from North Africa and Middle East. Unfortunetely, their hopes for better life in the new home land faced a legal citizinship becaused of acception of their tribe-religion identity, that was not eassy to accepted them for local society. There was no another way except a political fight for public policy acknowledgment to guaranteed their citizenship status, primarly for moslem society imigrant in 20th century.

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