Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Casa isolata »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Casa isolata"
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Haryani, Fitri, Aliefman Hakim et Nisa Isneni Hanifa. « Perbandingan Pelarut Etanol 96% dan Aseton pada Ekstraksi dan Isolasi Kurkuminoid dari Rimpang Kunyit ». Lumbung Farmasi : Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian 2, no 2 (5 juillet 2021) : 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.31764/lf.v2i2.5493.
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ABSTRAKKunyit (Curcuma longa Linn.) secara empiris digunakan masyarakat Bima sebagai obat infeksi kulit bernanah (antibakteri) karena kandungan kurkuminoidnya. Kurkuminoid dapat diperoleh dengan cara isolasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan isolasi kurkuminoid dengan metode yang sederhana menggunakan dua pelarut berbeda dan mengetahui rendemen isolat hasil isolasi. Langkah awal dalam proses isolasi yang dimodifikasi, yaitu proses ekstraksi selama 30 menit menggunakan sonikator dengan pelarut aseton dan etanol 96%, serta perbandingan bobot simplisia dan volume pelarut sebesar 1:10. Proses isolasi dilanjutkan dengan ekstraksi padat-cair menggunakan pelarut n-heksan, kemudian dimurnikan dengan metode kristalisasi menggunakan campuran isopropil alkohol panas : n-heksan (1 : 1,5). Isolat dianalisis secara kualitatif dengan kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT) dan dihitung bobot isolat sampel. Hasil yang diperoleh berupa Nilai Rf untuk standar kurkumin, sampel pelarut aseton dan sampel pelarut etanol 96% adalah 0.81, 0.80 dan 0.81. Rendemen ekstrak etanol 96% dan aseton berturut-turut sebesar 27,3% dan 26,44%. Bobot isolat etanol 96% dan aseton sebesar 0,07 g dan 0,035 g. Isolasi kurkuminoid dengan metode sederhana menggunakan pelarut etanol 96% menghasilkan bobot isolat lebih besar dibanding pelarut aseton.Kata kunci: Modifikasi isolasi; Kurkuminoid; Kunyit.ABSTRACTTurmeric (Curcuma longa Linn.) is empirically used by the people of Bima as a purulent skin infection (antibacterial) drug because of its curcuminoid content. Curcuminoid can be obtained by isolation. This study aims to isolate curcuminoid with a simple method using two different solvents and determine the yield of isolated isolates. The first step in the isolation process is the extraction process for 30 minutes using a sonicator with acetone and 96% ethanol as solvent, and the ratio of simplicia weight and solvent volume is 1:10. The process was continued with solid-liquid extraction using n-hexane as solvent, then purified by crystallization method using a mixture of hot isopropyl alcohol: n-hexane (1 : 1.5). The isolates were analyzed qualitatively by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and calculated the weight of the sample isolate. The results obtained in the form of Rf values for standard curcumin, acetone solvent samples and 96% ethanol solvent samples were 0.81, 0.80 and 0.81. The yield of ethanol extract 96% and acetone were 27.3% and 26.44%, respectively. The weight of 96% ethanol and acetone isolates was 0.07 g and 0.035 g, respectively. Isolation of curcuminoid with a simple method using 96% ethanol as a solvent resulted in a higher weight of isolate than acetone solvent.Keyword: Isolation modification; Curcuminoid; Turmeric.
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Mahardhika, Wahyu Aji, Gendis Angger Pitaloka, Rizky Nurcahyo, Isworo Rukmi et Agung Suprihadi. « Isolation and Identification of Entomopathogenic Fungi from Teak Leaf Little Soil and Paddy Soil with Various Isolation Methods ». Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Eksperimen dan Keanekaragaman Hayati (J-BEKH) 9, no 2 (6 novembre 2022) : 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jbekh.v9i2.228.
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Abstrak Abstract Kapang entomopatogen merupakan kapang yang memiliki kemampuan untuk menginfeksi serangga. Kapang tersebut dapat menginfeksi dengan cara penembusan hifa ke tubuh serangga inang melalui kulit, saluran pencernaan, spirakel dan lubang lainnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengisolasi dan mengidentifkasi kapang entomopatogen pada tanah serasah daun jati dan tanah sawah dengan metode isolasi yang berbeda. Metode isolasi kapang entomopatogen menggunakan metode insect bait, insect bait dengan pengayakan tanah, dan metode pengenceran. Serangga yang digunakan untuk uji larva Tenebrio molitor. Isolasi tanah sawah berhasil menumbuhkan kapang entomopatogen pada tubuh larva Tenebrio molitor ditandai dengan adanya miselium kapang menutupi tubuh larva. Hasil isolasi didapatkan 6 isolat yaitu S2A, S2B, S2C, S3A, S3B, S3C. Keenam isolat tersebut merupakan kapang Fusarium sp. Kata kunci: Fusarium sp., identifikasi, isolasi, kapang Entomopatogen, T. molitor Entomopathogenic fungi are molds that have the ability to infect insects. The mold can infect by penetrating the hyphae into the host insect's body through the skin, digestive tract, spiracles, and other holes. The purpose of this study was to isolat and identified entomopathogenic molds in teak leaf litter and paddy fields with different isolation methods. The isolation method of entomopathogenic molds used the insect bait method, insect bait with soil sieving, and the dilution method—insects used for the larval test of Tenebrio molitor. Isolation of paddy fields succeeded in growing entomopathogenic molds on the larval body of Tenebrio molitor, which was indicated by the presence of mold mycelium covering the larval body. The isolation results obtained 6 isolats, namely S2A, S2B, S2C, S3A, S3B, S3C. The six isolats were Fusarium sp. Keywords: Entomopathogenic fungi, Fusarium sp., Identification, Isolation, T. molitor
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Li, Ming, Rui Wang, Dahe Zhao et Hua Xiang. « Adaptation of the Haloarcula hispanica CRISPR-Cas system to a purified virus strictly requires a priming process ». Nucleic Acids Research 42, no 4 (20 novembre 2013) : 2483–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkt1154.
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Abstract The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-Cas system mediates adaptive immunity against foreign nucleic acids in prokaryotes. However, efficient adaptation of a native CRISPR to purified viruses has only been observed for the type II-A system from a Streptococcus thermophilus industry strain, and rarely reported for laboratory strains. Here, we provide a second native system showing efficient adaptation. Infected by a newly isolated virus HHPV-2, Haloarcula hispanica type I-B CRISPR system acquired spacers discriminatively from viral sequences. Unexpectedly, in addition to Cas1, Cas2 and Cas4, this process also requires Cas3 and at least partial Cascade proteins, which are involved in interference and/or CRISPR RNA maturation. Intriguingly, a preexisting spacer partially matching a viral sequence is also required, and spacer acquisition from upstream and downstream sequences of its target sequence (i.e. priming protospacer) shows different strand bias. These evidences strongly indicate that adaptation in this system strictly requires a priming process. This requirement, if validated also true for other CRISPR systems as implied by our bioinformatic analysis, may help to explain failures to observe efficient adaptation to purified viruses in many laboratory strains, and the discrimination mechanism at the adaptation level that has confused scientists for years.
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Marliani, Lia, Dadang Juanda et Arif Rubianto. « Isolation of Antioxidant Compounds from Ethanol Extract of Temu Kunci (Boesenbergia pandurata Roxb.) Rhizomes ». Acta Pharmaceutica Indonesia 38, no 2 (28 juin 2013) : 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/api.v38i2.5209.
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Temu kunci (Beosenbergia pandurata Roxb.) is traditionally used to treat various diseases, and antioxidants are one of their utilization. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify the antioxidant compounds of temu kunci rhizomes. Temu kunci rhizomes was extracted by maceration with ethanol 95%. Etanol extract was then fractionated by liquid-liquid extraction, vacuum liquid chromatography, and classical column chromatography. Monitoring and testing the antioxidant activity used thin-layer chromatography (TLC) with 0.2% DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) reagent. Purity test was performed by a single development TLC using three different kinds of mobile system and two-dimensional TLC. Isolate BP-1 was isolated from the ethanol extract and active as an antioxidant. Based on ultraviolet-visible and infrared spectrums, isolate BP-1 was identified as flavanone in the absence of hydroxyl groups at the ortho position (o-diOH), with substitution of -OH at C5 and C7.Keywords: Temu kunci, Boesenbergia pandurata, DPPH, Antioxidant. AbstrakTemu kunci (Beosenbergia pandurata Roxb.) secara tradisional digunakan untuk mengobati berbagai macam penyakit, salah satunya adalah sebagai antioksidan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengisolasi dan mengidentifikasi komponen antioksidan yang dimiliki temu kunci. Rimpang temu kunci diekstraksi dengan cara maserasi menggunakan etanol 95%. Ekstrak etanol kemudian difraksinasi dengan ekstraksi cair-cair, kromatografi cair vakum, dan kromatografi kolom klasik. Aktivitas antioksidan kemudian dipantau dan diuji menggunakan kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT) menggunakan reagen 0,2% DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl). Uji kemurnian dilakukan dengan pengembangan tunggal KLT menggunakan 3 macam fase gerak yang berbeda dan KLT dua-dimensi. Isolat BP-1 merupakan hasil isolasi dari ekstrak etanol dan aktif sebagai antioksidan. Berdasarkan spektrum UV-Vis dan inframerah, isolat BP-1 teridentifikasi sebagai flavanone karena adanya gugus hidroksil yang hilang pada posisi orto (o-diOH), dengan substitusi "“OH pada C5 dan C7.Kata kunci : Temu kunci, Boesenbergia pandurata, DPPH, antioksidan.
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Akhsan, Ni’matuljannah, Surya Sila et Tifa Esta Noviana. « ISOLASI JAMUR ENTOMOPATOGEN PADA LAHAN TANAMAN PANGAN, HORTIKULTURA, DAN PERKEBUNAN DI KABUPATEN PENAJAM PASER UTARA DAN UJI PATOGENISITAS PADA Spodoptera litura ». Agrifor 21, no 2 (4 octobre 2022) : 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.31293/agrifor.v21i2.6038.
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Jamur entomopatogen merupakan jenis bioinsektisida yang dapat digunakan untuk mengendalikan hama pada tanaman. Pengendalian menggunakan bioinsektisida yang berbahan aktif jamur entomopatogen merupakan salah satu cara pengendalian yang ramah lingkungan serta tidak berdampak negatif bagi lingkungan dan tidak merusak ekosistem disekitarnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi jamur entomopatogen yang terdapat pada lahan tanaman pangan, hortikultura, dan perkebunan dan mengetahui tingkat patogenisitas jamur tersebut sebagai entomopatogen pada Spodoptera litura. Lokasi pengambilan sampel berada di Saloloang, Kabupaten Penajam Paser Utara, Kalimantan Timur. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Hama Penyakit Tanaman Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Mulawarman, pada bulan Agustus 2020 hingga Maret 2021. Perlakuan menggunakan isolat jamur entomopatogen yang berhasil di isolasi dengan insect bait method menggunakan larva Tenebrio molitor. Uji patogenisitas dirancang dalam Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Data dianalisis menggunakan sidik ragam (ANOVA) dan uji lanjut menggunakan uji beda nyata terkecil (BNT) pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian ini ditemukan 4 jenis jamur entomopatogen yang di isolasi di Kabupaten Penajam Paser Utara yaitu Aspergillus sp. isolat lahan tanaman perkebunan, Cunninghamella sp. isolat lahan tanaman hortikultura, Fusarium sp. isolat lahan tanaman pangan dan perkebunan, dan Metarhizium sp. isolat lahan tanaman pangan, hortikultura, dan perkebunan. Semua isolate jamur Metarhizium sp. efektif mengendalikan ulat grayak (Spodoptera litura) in vitro dengan kerapatan spora 105/mL.
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SWANTARA, I. MADE DIRA, WIWIK SUSANAH RITA et ANISA HERNINDYA. « Identifikasi Isolat Antikanker Spons Hyrtios Erecta ». Indonesian Journal of Cancer 10, no 4 (19 septembre 2017) : 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.33371/ijoc.v10i4.456.
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ABSTRACTIsolation, anticancer activity test, and identification of the toxic isolate from ethanol extract of the sponge Hyrtios erecta taken from Pari Island beach (Jakarta) has conducted. Extraction of the sponges was carried out by 70% ethanol at room temperature. Partition and purification of the compounds were done by column chromatography with the stationary phase of silica gel and the mobile phase of n-hexane-chloroform (2:8). Toxicity screening test was done based on BhrineShrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). In vitro anticancer activity test of the isolate was carried out using HeLa cell line. Identification of the compounds was performed by Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Based on theresults, it was found that the toxic isolate of H. erecta sponges has anticancer activity with IC50 of 30,497 ppm. Four compounds was detected from the anticancer isolate i.e: 4-nonylphenol; dibutyl phthalate; hexanedioic acid bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester; and cholesterol. ABSTRAKTelah dilakukan isolasi, uji aktivitas antikanker, dan identifikasi isolat toksik yang berasal dari ekstrak etanol spons Hyrtios erecta yang diambil dari perairan Pulau Pari (Jakarta). Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan cara maserasi menggunakan etanol 70% pada temperatur kamar. Pemisahan dan pemurnian komponen menggunakan kromatografi kolom dengan fase diam silikagel dan fase gerak n-heksana-kloroform (2:8). Skrining toksisitas dilakukan dengan metode Bhrine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). Uji antikanker secara in vitro isolat toksik tersebut menggunakan sel HeLa. Senyawanya diidentifikasi menggunakan Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini diperoleh bahwa isolat toksik spons H. erecta bersifat antikanker dengan IC50 sebesar 30,497 ppm. Pada isolat antikankertersebut terdeteksi empat senyawa, yaitu 4-nonylphenol; dibutil phtalat; ester heksadioat bis(2-etilheksil); dan kolesterol.
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Sariadji, Kambang, et Sunarno Sunarno. « Toksigenitas Corynebacterium diphtheriae Pada Sampel Kejadian Luar Biasa Difteri Tahun 2010 – 2015 Menggunakan Elektes ». Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas 6, no 1 (20 juillet 2017) : 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jka.v6i1.672.
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Strain Corynebacterium diphtheriae dapat dibedakan berdasarkan sifat toksigenisitas atau kemampuannya dalam memproduksi toksin difteri. Jenis C.diphtheriae yang mampu memproduksi toksin disebut jenis toksigenik, sedangkan yang tidak memproduksi toksin disebut jenis non-toksigenik. Diagnosis laboratorium dalam mendeteksi C.diphtheriae dilakukan dengan cara kultur, isolasi dan identifikasi serta penentuan toksigenitas dari difteri. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan toksigenitas C.diphtheriae pada isolat hasil investigasi kejadian luar biasa antara tahun 2010 sampai 2015. Sebanyak 61 Isolat C.diphtheriae ditumbuhkan dan diidentifikasi kembali, kemudian dilakukan uji toksigenitas dengan cara elektes. Hasil pemeriksaan kultur dan isolasi menunjukkan 57 isolat adalah C.diphtheriae dengan berbagai sub tipe dan 4 isolat adalah Corynebacterium pseudodiphthericum yang merupakan bakteri bersifat komensal di saluran pernapasan atas dan kulit manusia. Hasil elektes dari 57 isolat menunjukkan 54 isolat C.diphtheriae adalah toksigenik dan 3 isolat non toksigenik. Simpulan studi ini ialah isolat C.diphtheriae hasil investigasi KLB didapatkan 54 isolat toksigenik dan 3 isolat non toksigenik.
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Irawati, Wahyu. « Amplifikasi Gen Resistensi Tembaga (Cur) pada Bakteri yang Diisolasi dari Limbah Industri di Surabaya ». Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan 21, no 1 (30 janvier 2020) : 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/jtl.v21i1.3274.
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ABSTRACTCopper pollution is one of the serious environmental problems in Indonesia. Higher concentration of copper is toxic so that threat living organism. Bio-remediation using copper resistant bacteria is effective for solving heavy metals pollution because the bacteria adapt easily when applied in environment. Using bacteria containing gene encoded copper resistance could help effort of copper bio-remediation. The purpose of this research is to isolate and characterize copper resistant bacteria from industrial sewage in Surabaya also to amplification of gene encoded resistance to copper (Cur). Bacteria was grown on Salts Base Solution medium with addition of appropriate concentration of copper. Resistance to copper was determined based on Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of CuSO4. Molecular characterization was done based on 16S rDNA gene analysis using universal primer. Amplification of Cur gene was done using specific primer of gene orf3, orf4, orf5 from Lactoccocus lactis. Three highly copper resistant bacteria have been isolated with the MIC of 2.5-7.5 mM CuSO4 encoded IrC1, IrC2, and IrC4. Isolate IrC4 is the highest copper resistant bacteria with the MIC of 7.5 mM. Resistance mechanism may be through accumulation copper inside the cells with the total of 371 mg/g dry weight of cells. The three bacteria have plasmid with the size of 21 kb. Isolate IrC4 have 96.99% similarity with Cupriavidus pauculus. Amplification of copper-resistance (Cur) gene demonstrated that a single band of 0.9 kb was obtained from isolate C4. The finding of indigenous resistant bacteria encoded Cur gene may give better solution for pollution problem in Indonesia.Keywords: bacteria, copper, Isolate IrC4, Lactococcus lactis, resistantABSTRAKPencemaran tembaga di Indonesia merupakan salah satu masalah lingkungan yang serius sehingga perlu diatasi. Tembaga pada konsentrasi yang tinggi bersifat toksik sehingga mengancam kehidupan organisme. Bioremediasi menggunakan bakteri resisten tembaga yang diisolasi dari lingkungan tercemar terbukti efektif mengatasi pencemaran logam berat karena lebih mudah beradaptasi ketika diterapkan di lingkungan. Pemanfaatan bakteri yang mengandung gen penyandi resistensi tembaga dapat menunjang keberhasilan usaha bioremediasi tembaga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi dan mengkarakterisasi bakteri resisten tembaga dari limbah industri di Surabaya serta melakukan amplifikasi gen yang menyandi resistensi bakteri tersebut terhadap tembaga (Cur). Isolasi bakteri dilakukan menggunakan medium Salt Base Solution dengan penambahan CuSO4. Uji resistensi ditentukan berdasarkan nilai Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) terhadap CuSO4. Karakterisasi molekular dilakukan berdasarkan analisis gen 16S rDNA menggunakan primer universal. Amplifikasi gen Cur dilakukan dengan menggunakan primer yang spesifik terhadap gen orf3, orf4, orf5 dari gen Cur pada Lactobacillus lactis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat tiga isolat bakteri yang paling resisten dengan nilai MIC= 6.5-7.5 mM, yaitu isolat IrC1, IrC2, dan IrC4. isolat IrC4 merupakan isolat bakteri yang paling resisten dengan nilai MIC sebesar 7.5 mM. Mekanisme reistensi isolat IrC4 adalah dengan cara mengakumulasi tembaga di dalam sel selitar 371 mg/g berat kering sel. Ketiga isolat memiliki plasmid berukuran sekitar 21 kb. Analisis gen 16S rDNA menunjukkan bahwa isolat IrC4 memiliki kemiripan 96,99% dengan Cupriavidus pauculus. Gen Cur pada isolat IrC4 sepanjang 0.9 kb berhasil diamplifikasi dengan menggunakan primer spesifik gen orf3 yang menyandikan pengikatan tembaga. Penemuan bakteri indigen indonesia yang menyandikan gen resisten tembaga diharapkan dapat menunjang keberhasilan penanganan masalah pencemaran tembaga di Indonesia.Kata kunci: bakteri, isolat IrC4, Lactobacillus lactis, resisten, tembaga.
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Supriyadi, Hambali, Taukhid Taukhid, Ani Widiyati et Desy Sugiani. « EFEKTIVITAS ANTIBIOTIKA DAN VAKSIN DALAM PENANGGULANGAN PENYAKIT STREPTOCOCCOSIS PADA IKAN NILA (Oreochromis niloticus) ». Jurnal Riset Akuakultur 1, no 1 (15 novembre 2016) : 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jra.1.1.2006.61-65.
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Penelitian dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui antibiotik yang efektif untuk pengobatan penyakit streptococcosis, serta mendapatkan cara pencegahan penyakit secara biologis yaitu melalui penggunaan vaksin telah dilakukan di Laboratorium Riset kesehatan Ikan Pasar Minggu. Tiga jenis antibiotika yaitu Neomycin, Oxytetracyclin, dan Enrofloxacin diuji efektivitasnya terhadap 4 isolat bakteri Streptococcus iniae yaitu Y2N7, Y2N9, GM2.4, dan S1N8 melalui uji zona hambatan dan konsentrasi hambat minimum (MIC). Uji imunogenitas diuji dengan cara pembuatan vaksin dari isolat yang digunakan yang kemudian dievaluasi level titer antibodi yang diproduksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa enrofloxacin merupakan antibiotik yang efektif terhadap semua isolat yang diuji, sedangkan neomycin efektif hanya untuk isolat Y2N7. Isolat GM2.4 relatif memiliki sifat immunogenitas lebih baik dibanding dengan isolat uji lainnya.Research with the aims to evaluate the effectiveness of several antibiotics against 4 (four) streptococcus iniae isolates, and evaluation of immunogecity of those isolate to be used for disease control (vaccine) have been conducted at Fish Health Research Laboratory Pasar Minggu. The effectiveness of three antibiotics namely Neomycin, Oxytetracyclin, and Enrofloxacin have been tested against 4 (four) isolates Y2N7, Y2N9, GM2.4, and S1N8. The immunogenicity of those isolates were also tested by developing vaccine and evaluated through the production of antibody titer level. The results indicated that enrofloxacin was effective against all isolates tested, meanwhile neomycin only effective against isolate Y2N7. Isolate of GM2.4 was relatively immunogenic as compared to the other isolates.
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Matte, Willian Daróz, Rubem Silvério de Oliveira Jr., Fellipe Goulart Machado, Jamil Constantin, Denis Fernando Biffe, Francisco De Souza Dias Gutierrez et João Renato Vaz da Silva. « Eficácia de [atrazine + mesotrione] para o controle de plantas daninhas na cultura do milho ». Revista Brasileira de Herbicidas 17, no 2 (13 juillet 2018) : 587. http://dx.doi.org/10.7824/rbh.v17i2.587.
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Para aumentar o espectro de controle das plantas daninhas na cultura do milho, a formulação de herbicidas com princípios ativos de diferentes mecanismos de ação é uma alternativa importante. Objetivou-se avaliar o controle promovido pelo novo herbicida Calaris®, mistura formulada de [atrazine+mesotrione] aplicado em pós-emergência das plantas daninhas, de forma isolada ou em mistura com outros herbicidas. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em casa de vegetação, um para cada planta daninha avaliada, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 16 tratamentos e quatro repetições. As sementes das plantas daninhas (Conyza bonariensis, Urochloa decumbens, Cenchrus echinatus, Digitaria horizontalis, Urochloa plantaginea, Ipomoea grandifolia, Euphorbia heterophylla, Bidens pilosa, Glycine max e Commelina benghalensis) foram semeadas em vasos com volume de 5 dm3 a uma densidade de 20 sementes por vaso. Os tratamentos herbicidas foram aplicados em pós-emergência e foram constituídos por [atrazine+mesotrione] isolado ou em mistura com glyphosate, tembotrione e nicosulfuron; atrazine isolado ou em mistura com glyphosate, mesotrione, tembotrione e nicusulfuron; glyphosate isolado e testemunha sem aplicação. A aplicação dos tratamentos de cada experimento foi realizada em datas distintas, levando em consideração o estádio de desenvolvimento das plantas daninhas. Avaliou-se a porcentagem de controle em relação às plantas daninhas aos 7, 14 e 28 dias após a aplicação dos herbicidas. A nova formulação herbicida [atrazine+mesotrione] controlou de forma eficaz a maioria das plantas daninhas avaliadas, exceto Cenchrus echinatus e Urochloa decumbens, entretanto, o controle eficaz foi obtido quando em associação com outros herbicidas, principalmente ao glyphosate.
Thèses sur le sujet "Casa isolata"
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Rossetti, Simonetta. « La casa isolata : questioni aperte sull'architettura e l'abitare contemporaneo ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/3145.
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2007/2008La casa isolata: questioni aperte sull’architettura e l’abitare contemporaneo. La trattazione sul tema della casa isolata ha interessato il periodo che va dal moderno al contemporaneo focalizza l’attenzione sul mutamento dei comportamenti sociali e del costume, verificando successivamente, attraverso l’analisi di casi specifici appartenenti alla contemporaneità, alcune sperimentazioni e risposte progettuali che inducono ad una riflessione sulla distinzione tra architettura e design. Nello specifico si sono indagate tematiche legate all’innovazione tecnologica ed ai riflessi che essa ha comportato sulla comunicazione, sul progetto e sull’abitare, sia in termini di tecniche costruttive, che di attrezzature per la sfera domestica, che di strumento per la progettazione dell’edificio stesso. Tecnologia quindi declinata nella sua accezione di hardware quanto di software. Sia l’evoluzione delle tecniche costruttive, che l’utilizzo di materiali innovativi, di pari passo ai mutati costumi sociali si sono riverberati sulla dimensione pubblica e privata dell’abitare. A livello sociale si è assistito alla modificazione del modello familiare e dei suoi riti, con ricadute sull’organizzazione spaziale dell’abitazione e l’apertura verso nuovi possibili scenari. L’ingresso della tecnologia nella dimensione progettuale ha prodotto frequentemente il pericoloso sconfinamento da valore strumentale ad elemento generatore del progetto. Sull’altro versante l’irruzione tecnologica nell’ambito domestico ne ha saturato gli spazi e mutato l’aspetto, trasformando la casa, in un mero supporto per reti e cablaggi e facendo emergere, poi, che l’interazione casa-abitante, si traduce prevalentemente in un flusso monodirezionale di informazioni generato dall’uomo. Laddove alla tecnologia viene riconosciuto il suo ruolo strumentale si possono invece innescare degli interessanti ragionamenti a livello teorico che permettono di generare su queste basi dei progetti relazionati ai contesti ed ai meccanismi da essi sottesi, allo scopo di individuare una continuità di linguaggio attraverso la decifrazione delle regole compositive insite nel luogo. Tentativi forse arditi di leggere e interpretare, attraverso gli strumenti della contemporaneità, quello che è il genius loci. Successivamente, nelle esperienze giapponesi analizzate, la tecnologia interviene in maniera differente, opera a livello di supporto progettuale e costruttivo, e attraverso l’uso di materiali dalle innovative caratteristiche tecniche trasmette la corretta dimensione, anche percettiva, delle logiche progettuali. Laddove vi sia la necessità di assolvere ad una funzione, la tecnica può essere integrata nel progetto con esiti particolarmente interessanti, proprio perchè diviene materiale di progetto, elemento della composizione e generatore di spazialità nuove ed inaspettate, come nel caso dell’esempio della villa a Bordeaux. Se si persegue l’obiettivo di individuazione di forme accattivanti o se si ricercano soluzioni meramente funzionali, svincolate dal contesto, dall’utente, dall’umanità, l’esito finale consisterà in oggetti avulsi dalla dimensione architettonica, accattivanti, funzionali, neutri e replicabili. Il riflesso del mutamento del costume a livello sociale e la differente configurazione della famiglia pone nuove attenzioni progettuali; la modalità di fruizione degli spazi e i tempi in cui questa avviene, come pure la tipologia di attività che entrano a far parte della sfera domestica, sono tutte componenti imprescindibili per il progettista e che necessitano dell’interazione con la specifica committenza. Il fattore tempo, infine, assume un ruolo strategico nella contemporaneità, infatti è percepito ad una dimensione accelerata e diviene una risorsa scarsa, ottimizzata attraverso la densificazione e la sovrapposizione di attività, che si riverberano in ambito domestico con la generazione di spazi fluidi che ibridano funzioni differenti. Interrogarsi sull’abitazione oggi sembra essere fuoriluogo, infatti l’architettura moderna è associata alla rivoluzione abitativa e la casa, per buona parte del secolo, è stata il principale terreno di sperimentazione delle innovazioni architettoniche. Indagare oggi in tal senso, implica esprimere un giudizio sulla situazione generale e comporta l’assunzione di un rischio nell’indicare degli esempi. Se durante il movimento moderno si è delineato un programma funzionale per l’abitazione volto a soddisfare i bisogni primari, tale programma risulta inadeguato alla società contemporanea, che ha superato largamente la soglia dei “bisogni primari”. Nei progetti contemporanei emerge in maniera sempre più preponderante la presenza di segni, di forme espressive che vogliono essere portatrici di senso, ma che appaiono piuttosto come sistemi per supplire ad una carenza e che non si indirizzano alla ricerca di qualità o vivibilità degli spazi, ma semmai al disegno di un’immagine, di una identità, quasi che l’architettura fosse un aspetto secondario. La casistica in esame spazia su esempi di abitare isolato; se i motivi delle singole scelte sono stati inizialmente dettati da una certa attrazione immediata verso taluni progetti, forse anche irrazionale, legata a personali preferenze, a fortuite occasioni di conoscenza diretta dell’architettura, del progettista o del committente o a suggestioni mediatiche, successivamente, a partire da un ventaglio ampio è stato possibile effettuare una selezione per ricondurre gli specifici casi ad un ragionamento razionale. Nelle schede sui singoli progetti e nelle considerazioni che le accompagnano si tenta di aprire una riflessione sulla natura di questo coinvolgimento e sulle ragioni per cui queste architetture, destinate all’abitazione, suscitano in noi certe curiosità, oltre a tracciare la logica che sta alla base delle scelte progettuali. Gli atteggiamenti possibili oggi sono sostanzialmente due, il mantenimento di una chiave archetipica riconducibile ai primari bisogni antropologici o il passaggio ad un mondo altro, forse più vicino alla sfera del design. Nella seconda ipotesi si assume sostanzialmente un costume legato al mondo della scienza, della comunicazione, tale che la condizione di vita si allontana dai modelli originari, dalla storia e si immerge nella contemporaneità mutando il sistema dei riferimenti e dei valori.
XXI Ciclo
1974
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Panek, Bernadette Maria. « O espaço isolado da vitrine : espaço de autoria ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27160/tde-05072009-222246/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Esta pesquisa objetiva apresentar uma análise sobre a utilização da vitrine como espaço integrante da obra de arte. Problematiza a necessidade do uso do espaço isolado e intocável da vitrine como área imprescindível para determinadas propostas artísticas contemporâneas. Averigua também as relações entre a área envidraçada da vitrine e o observador. Verifica como a vitrine é tematizada não só no espaço arquitetônico, mas também na pintura e na fotografia. Examina dessa maneira a atitude dos artistas em colecionar, selecionar, organizar, classificar, deslocar e exibir uma série de objetos reunidos no interior de tal dispositivo. Interroga se a presença de artistas que trabalham com a vitrine ou com o espaço, apenas delimitado, não estaria ligada à crise do conceito tradicional de autor.This research aims to present an analysis of the use of the museums display as an integrating space of the work of art. It gives emphasis on the use of an isolated and untouchable space in the museums display as an essential area to establish contemporary aesthetic proposals. So, it also checks how the display case is given thematically not only in the architectural space, but also in the painting and photograph. It analyses the artists approach of collecting, selecting, arranging, assorting, displacing and displaying a series of united objects in the interior of such device. It is questioned if the presence of the artists who work with the museum display or with demarked space would not be tied to the crisis of the authors traditional concept.
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Dalbelo, Thaís Maria. « O índice de Poincaré-Hopf e generalizações no caso singular ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55135/tde-15032011-163543/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Neste trabalho,estudamos o índice de Poincaré-Hopf, definido para singularidades isoladas de campos de vetores sobre variedades diferenciáveis. Além disso, investigamos algumas definições de índices de campos de vetores definido sem variedades singulares, como o índice de Schwartz e o índice GSV. Estudaremos estes invariantes no caso específico em que (V; 0) é um germe de uma interseção completa com singularidade isolada na origemIn this work, we study thePoincaré-Hopf index, defined for isolated singularities of vector fields on manifolds. Moreover, we investigate some definitions of indices of vector fields defined on singular varieties, as the Schwartz index and the GSV index. We study these invariants in the case where (V; 0) is a germ of a complete intersection with an isolated singularity at the origin
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BACHIS, VALERIA. « Analisi di un isolato sardo tramite il cromosoma Y : il caso Desulo ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266464.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Sardinian population is often analyzed in human genetic investigation because it shows a genetic peculiarity when compared with other European populations (Calò et al. 2013, 2012; Calò e Vona 2005; Capocasa et al. 2014; Cappello et al. 1996; Francalacci et al. 2003, 2013; Robledo et al.
2009; Vona 1995).
Moreover, it was observed a high internal heterogeneity probably due to founders effects, isolation
and bottleneck that occurred several times during Sardinia history.
In this work I have analyzed the population of Desulo: a small village, located in the archaic zone of
Sardinia (Vona 1995), that showed high level of endogamy (91.36%) and consanguinity (26.27%) between 1800 and 1974 (Sanna et al., 2004). The village of Desulo was composed until the 1920 by three separated neighborhoods: Issiria, Asuai and Ovolaccio, that subsisted as three independent
units.
Moreover, Desulo’s shepherds practiced transhumance towards the Sulcis Sardinian area. Hence, I wanted to test the level of population differentiation from different point of view: performing a comparison with other Sardinian populations, researching the presence of Desulo internal micro differentiation due to his subdivision in neighborhoods, and comparing it with other Mediterranean population.
To perform this study 17 Y-STRs were analyzed: DYS19, DYS385 a/b, DYS389І/ІІ, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS438, DYS439, DYS437, DYS448, DYS456, DYS458, DYS635,
and YGATAH4. It was noteworthy the detection of the non consensus allele 18.2 in the locus DYS458. This frequencies is extremely low in the Caucasian and Italian populations (0.00317 and 0.014 respectively) but in Sardinian population it reaches the 0.1 % , furthermore all individuals carrying this allele belong to the haplogroup J1, confirming that the non consensus allele 18.2 can
be used to discriminate the J1 haplogroup as suggested in previous studies (Alves et al. 2007b; Ghiani et al. 2009). Sardinia population, when compared with Mediterranean through Principal Component Analysis (PCA), resulted located in a separated cluster, also far from the Italian
populations.
However, this work shows an elevated internal heterogeneity of Sardinians: in fact performing a PCA with only Sardinian population, the formation of two clusters can been seen: one including North Sardinia and Benetutti, and the other one Sulcis and Central Sardinia. Instead, Carloforte and
Desulo appear isolated. The latter is located very distant from Sulcis population, suggesting that despite the practice of transhumance, the two populations do not genetically interbred. The most frequent observed haplogroup is I2a1a determined by the M26 mutation, which reached the frequencies of 48% in the population of Desulo while in European population in extremely rare (<5%) (Ghiani et al. 2009). This high frequency can be due to founder effect occurred during the Paleolithic colonization of the Sardinia island (Contu et al. 2008; Francalacci et al. 2013; Varesi et al. 2000). For this reason it was chosen to study in deep the I2a1a subclades. All individuals
carrying the mutation M26 always have the L160 mutation (haplogroup I2a1a1). The frequency of analyzed mutations (PF4124, 18866539, PF4258, PF4461, 21841733 e M161), determining the different subclades, varies significantly in the Sardinian population. This suggest that the
sublclades variability of I2a1a haplogrup can be also due to genetics drift phenomena as founders
effect and bottleneck and have remained in these areas through isolation. The isolation effect is also
found at the micro geographic level in the village of Desulo. In fact, through the comparison with
haplotipic data, the Issiria and Asuai districts appear differentiated, while Ovolaccio, the central
district, seems to homogenate with the neighboring districts.
In conclusion, when Sardinia is compared with Mediterranean populations it appears homogeneous, but if we are going to observe in detail only Sardinian population notice a large internal
heterogeneity, detectable even at micro geographic level as in the case of the village of Desulo.
For this reason it would be important to create, both for forensic and population genetics purposes,
a database in which are recorded the different haplotypes detected in the Sardinian population.
Moreover, with this study it was possible to clarify some doubt on the genetic Sardinian heterogeneity, but unfortunately exclusively inherent in the male line; therefore, it would be desirable to continue this study analyzing the mitochondrial DNA to see if the results obtained on the male line are also overlapping on the female line.
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Rozante, Ellen Lucas. « A educação dos sentidos no método de ensino intuitivo e o caso das escolas públicas isoladas de São Paulo (1889-1910) ». Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2013. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/10394.
Texte intégralRésumé :
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This research aimed to investigate how the senses were educated in the school in order that people were promptly inserted into the social world, since the school has contributed to the ordering and organization of society through disciplinary education of the body. More specifically, this work aimed to study the education in the intuitive method, highlighting the importance of senses and their training by this method; it also tried to detect pedagogical practices, especially in isolated schools that kept the education of body, in a time when it was necessary teaching the control of emotional reactions at the same time that the instruction was needed for a peaceful political participation, besides checking, through the lessons of things , how the notion of experience structured the education of the senses. The thematic delimitation of this research is the education of the senses through the intuitive method, that was discussed and inserted into the educational context at the end of the nineteenth century, as a model of renovation and modernization of education in the early years of the Republic. The spatial area was the province of São Paulo, because it has extreme responsibility in spreading the intuitive method in primary education, prescribing it as official teaching method, besides being presented as the birthplace of the modern school. The time delimitation of this research was the closing years of the nineteenth century, highlighting the nascent republic in 1889 until around 1910, when the new model has been consolidated, even to the point where its crisis started. The guiding questions were: If the intuitive method has been the symbol of renewal in the Brazilian nascent republic, and a way to conform, civilize and modernize the republican citizen, how was characterized the education of the senses that it preached so much? If this method was based on intuition by the senses, i.e. by direct contact with things, with its perception by intuition, manipulation and experimentation, aiming to gradually introduce arguments, how would be this education of the senses in the intuitive method? How was the teaching of seeing, hearing, smelling, touching and tasting in the prescriptions and pedagogical practices? The hypothesis that guided this study is: there was a training of the senses through the intuitive method, which should form and conform a new man. We can understand that such training was not random: seeing, hearing, smellin, feeling (touching) and tasting were not seen as a casual education, but they were rather channeled and hierarchically ranked, in order to configurate the experiences and sensibilities required for the Nation. The documental corpus of this research was formed by three sets of documents. The criteria division of this set were: first, bibliographies produced in that period, as the manual First Lessons of Things by Norman Alison Calkins, Dictionnaire de Pédagogie by Ferdinand Buisson, Reform of Primary Education by Rui Barbosa and some textbooks and reading books. The second set of sources for this work was the pedagogical press of that period, more precisely the Eschola Publica Magazine (1893-1896) and the Teaching Magazine of Benevolent Association of Public Professorship of São Paulo (1902-1919). Finally, the last set of sources were documents relating to Public Instruction, found in the collections of the State Archives of São Paulo (AESP), such as reports of public school teachers, inspectors and schoolmasters, beside several letters and inventorial materials. The investigation concluded that, considering the speeches on streamlining and scientificity in that period, the intuitive method honored modern aspirations, i.e. educating and civilizing. The senses were methodically arranged, converging into an objective education. Among prescriptions idealized, the isolated practices in schools were according to the possibilities for those who were not civilized in kindness of gestures or politeness habits. At least they fulfilled the maintenance of social order
Esta pesquisa teve o objetivo de investigar como os sentidos foram educados dentro da escola para que sujeitos fossem prontamente inseridos no mundo social, já que a escola tem contribuído na ordenação e organização da sociedade, por meio da educação disciplinar do corpo. Mais especificamente, objetivou estudar a educação no método intuitivo destacando a importância dos sentidos e seu adestramento por este método; detectar as práticas pedagógicas, principalmente nas escolas isoladas, que levavam a educação do corpo, num período em que era necessário ensinar a controlar as reações emotivas ao mesmo tempo em que a instrução era necessária para a participação política, mas pacífica; e ainda verificar por meio das lições de coisas, como a noção de experiência estruturava a educação dos sentidos. O recorte temático desta pesquisa é a educação dos sentidos por meio do método intuitivo que foi debatido e inserido no contexto educacional ao final do século XIX, como modelo de renovação e modernização do ensino nos anos iniciais da República. O recorte espacial foi a província de São Paulo por entender que esta tem extrema responsabilidade na divulgação do método intuitivo no ensino primário, prescrevendo-o como método de ensino oficial, e ser apresentada como o berço da escola moderna. O recorte temporal desta pesquisa foi os anos finais do século XIX, evidenciando a nascente república em 1889, até por volta de 1910, época em que o novo modelo já está consolidado, ao ponto em que começou, inclusive, a entrar em crise. As questões norteadoras foram: Se o método intuitivo foi o símbolo da renovação na nascente república brasileira, meio para se conformar, civilizar e modernizar o cidadão republicano, como era caracterizado a educação dos sentidos que ele tanto apregoava? Se este método se baseava na intuição pelos sentidos, ou seja, pelo contato direto com as coisas, sua percepção pela intuição, manipulação e experimentação, para, então, gradativamente, introduzir raciocínios, como seria esta educação dos sentidos no método intuitivo? Como se dava o ensino do olhar, ouvir, cheirar, tocar e degustar nas prescrições e práticas pedagógicas? A hipótese que norteou o trabalho é que houve um adestramento dos sentidos por meio do método intuitivo, este que deveria formar e conformar um novo homem. Compreende-se que tal adestramento não foi aleatório, o ver, ouvir, cheirar, sentir (tocar) e degustar não eram vistos como uma educação casual, mas foram sim, canalizados e hierarquizados para a configuração das experiências e das sensibilidades requeridas para a Nação. O corpus documental para esta pesquisa foi formado por três conjuntos de documentos. Os critérios para divisão deste conjunto foram: primeiramente, bibliografias produzidas no período, como o manual Primeiras Lições de Coisas de Norman Alison Calkins, Dictionnaire de Pédagogie de Ferdinand Buisson, a Reforma do Ensino Primário de Rui Barbosa e algumas cartilhas e livros de leitura. Segundo conjunto de fontes do trabalho é a imprensa pedagógica do período, mais precisamente a Revista Eschola Publica (1893-1896) e a Revista de Ensino da Associação Beneficente do professorado Publico de São Paulo (1902-1919). Finalmente, o último conjunto de fontes foram os documentos referentes à Instrução Pública encontrados no acervo do Arquivo do Estado de São Paulo (AESP), tais como: relatórios de professores públicos, inspetores e diretores de escolas, ofícios diversos e inventário de materiais. A investigação concluiu que diante dos discursos sobre a racionalização e a cientificidade no período, o método intuitivo laureou aspirações modernas: educar e civilizar. Os sentidos foram metodicamente organizados confluindo em uma educação objetiva. Entre prescrições idealizadas, as práticas nas escolas isoladas foram as possíveis, para aqueles que não foram civilizados na delicadeza dos gestos ou na polidez dos hábitos, pelo menos cumpriu-se a manutenção da ordem social
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Leitão, Vanessa Oliveira. « Caracterização de uma bactéria anaeróbica termofílica isolada do rúmen de caprino e análise das enzimas do seu complexo celulolítico ». reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.26512/2015.04.T.22226.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Molecular, 2015.A possibilidade de produzir etanol de resíduos lignocelulósicos tem se tornado cada vez mais atrativo. Dentre os diferentes tipos de resíduos o piolho de algodão gerado na indústria têxtil e a palha de cana de açúcar proveniente das lavouras de cana de açucar podem ser uma alternativa viável em processos fermentativos para a produção do bioetanol. Clostridium thermocellum possui alta capacidade de hidrólise de diferentes biomassas pela presença do complexo multienzimáticocelulossoma. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar as melhores condições de cultivo de C. thermocellum isolado (B8), obtido a partir do material do rúmen de caprino da raça Moxotó e mapear as proteínas secretadas na presença de piolho de algodão, palha de cana de açúcar e celulose cristalina, além de avaliar a expressão de alguns genes envolvidos na formação do complexo celulossomal. C. thermocellum B8 apresentou melhor condição de crescimento a 60°C, pH 7,0 e após 48 horas de incubação. Nas amostras do sobrenadante da cultura e nas frações eluídas dos susbtratos residuais: celulose (FEC), piolho de algodão (FEP) e palha de cana (FEPA) foi registrada atividade enzimática de Avicelase, CMCase, FPase e Xilanase. A taxa de expressão de genes quantificados por RT-qPCR, envolvidos na formação do celulossoma mostrou diferentes perfis de expressão em relação ao tempo de cultivo e ao tipo de substrato utilizado. A espectrometria por meio de nanoUPLC-MSE foi capaz de identificar 80 proteínas nas frações eluídas dos substratos residuais sendo que destas 32 em FEC, 25 em FEP e 23 em FEPA. Estavam presentes proteínas responsáveis pela formação da estrutura do celulossoma, proteínas do metabolismo de carboidratos, proteínas estruturais, de transporte de solventes e íons e de defesa. Os resultados apresentados podem ajudar a conceber estratégias para a otimização do cultivo de C. thermocellumB8em piolho algodão e palha de cana em grande escala para a hidrólise enzimática desses resíduos e possível produção de etanol.
The possibility of producing ethanol from lignocellulosic waste has become increasingly attractive. Among the different types of waste cotton louse generated in the textile industry and sugar cane straw from the sugar cane fields can be a viable alternative fermentation processes for the production of bioethanol. Clostridium thermocellum has high capacity hydrolysis of biomass by different complex multienzymaticcellulosome presence. The objective of this study was to characterize the best growing conditions of C. thermocellum isolated B8, obtained from Moxotó of goat rumen materials and map the proteins secreted in the presence of cotton louse, sugarcane straw and crystalline cellulose, and to evaluate the expression of genes involved in the formation of celulossomal complex. C. thermocellumB8 showed better growth condition of 60° C, pH 7.0 and after 48 hours of incubation. Samples of the culture supernatant, and eluted in the fractions of residual susbtratos: celullose (FEC), cotton louse (FEP), and sugarcane straw (FEPA) was recorded enzymatic activity of Avicelase, CMCase, and FPaseXylanase. The level of gene expression quantified by RT-qPCR involved in the formation of cellulosome showed different profiles of expression in relation to culture time and the type of substrate used. The spectrometry using nanoUPLC-MSE was able to identify 80 the proteins eluted fractions of residual substrates among these FEC 32, FEP 25 and 23 FEPA. Were present proteins responsible for the formation of cellulosome structure, carbohydrate metabolism of proteins, structural proteins, transport of ions and solvents and defense. These results can help develop strategies to optimize the cultivation of C. thermocellum B8 cotton louse and sugarcane straw on a large scale for the enzymatic hydrolysis of these residues and possible production of ethanol.
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Mouro, Adriane. « Fermentação de xilose e celobiose por leveduras isoladas da biodiversidade brasileira ». reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/100622.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Florianópolis, 2012Made available in DSpace on 2013-06-25T20:58:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 313694.pdf: 1328726 bytes, checksum: 013235fcb818e93983b11ad69f603805 (MD5)
A producao de alcool combustivel tem adquirido importancia nos ultimos anos devido ao futuro esgotamento das reservas de combustiveis fosseis, ao impacto ambiental pela emissao de poluentes que estes combustiveis apresentam, alem da necessidade de uma fonte de energia renovavel. Uma atrativa fonte de materia prima para a obtencao de etanol e a biomassa lignocelulosica, composta de lignina, celulose e hemicelulose. No caso do Brasil o bagaco da cana de acucar constitui uma interessante fonte de celulose e hemicelulose, polimeros que podem ser utilizados nos processos fermentativos para a producao de alcool combustivel. Embora a levedura industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermente eficientemente hexoses, essa levedura e incapaz de fermentar com eficiencia pentoses como a xilose (presente nos hidrolisados de hemicelulose) ou o dissacarideo celobiose (presente nos hidrolisados de celulose). Desta forma, no presente trabalho analisamos a fermentacao de xilose e celobiose por varias leveduras de madeira em decomposicao isoladas da biodiversidade Brasileira. Nossos resultados mostraram varios padroes de fermentacao de xilose e glicose pelas leveduras, sendo que linhagens do clado Spathaspora, particularmente S. passalidarum, fermentam eficientemente a xilose. A analise das enzimas envolvidas na fermentacao de xilose (xilose redutase, xilitol desidrogenase e xiluloquinase) revelou que S. passalidarum nao so possui alta atividade destas enzimas, mas sua xilose redutase apresentou atividade nao so com NADPH, mas tambem com o cofator NADH. A analise de outra especie fermentadora de xilose, S. arborariae, revelou a presenca de um sistema de cotransporte H+-xilose de baixa afinidade e alta capacidade. Uma nova especie de levedura, Candida queroiziae, mostrou-se tambem boa fermentadora de celobiose gracas a um sistema de cotransporte H+-celobiose de alta afinidade, e uma enzima B-glicosidase intracelular. As leveduras fermentadoras de xilose e celobiose caracterizadas no presente trabalho poderao ser uma interessante fonte de novas enzimas e/ou transportadores (e seus respectivos genes), com caracteristicas mais apropriadas para a metabolizacao destes acucares, que poderao ser expressos nas leveduras industriais visando a otimizacao da producao de bioetanol.
Abstract : The production of fuel alcohol has become important in recent years due to the future depletion of fossil fuels stocks, the environmental impact of pollutant emissions that these fuels have, besides the necessity for a renewable energy source. An attractive source of raw material for ethanol production is the lignocellulosic biomass, composed of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose. In the case of Brazil the sugarcane bagasse is an interesting source of cellulose and hemicellulose, polymers that can be used in the fermentative process for fuel alcohol production. Although the industrial yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae efficiently ferments hexoses, this yeast is unable to efficiently ferment pentoses such as xylose (present in hemicellulose hydrolysates) or the disaccharide cellobiose (present in cellulose hydrolysates). Thus, in this work we analyzed the fermentation of xylose and cellobiose by several yeasts of rotten wood isolated from the Brazilian biodiversity. Our results showed several patterns of xylose and glucose fermentation by the yeasts, and strains from the Spathaspora clade, particularly S. passalidarum, ferment xylose efficiently. Analysis of the enzymes involved in xylose fermentation (xylose reductase, xylitol dehidrogenase and xylulokinase) revealed that S. passalidarum had not only high activity of these enzymes, but its xylose reductase has significant activity not only with NADPH, but also with the NADH cofactor. Analysis of another xylose fermenting yeast, S. arborariae, revealed the presence of a H+-xylose cotransport system with low affinity and high capacity. A new species of yeast, Candida queiroziae, also showed to be good cellobiose fermenting thanks to a high affinity H+-cellobiose cotransport system, and an intracellular â-glucosidase enzyme. The xylose and cellobiose fermenting yeasts characterized in this work may constitute an interesting source of enzymes and/or transporters (and their corresponding genes), with more appropriate characteristics for the metabolism of these sugars, that may the expressed in industrial yeasts aimed at optimizing bioethanol production.
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LOUREIRO, Silvia Tereza Azedo. « Caracterização de leveduras isoladas das praias de Casa Caiada e Bairro Novo, Olinda - Pernambuco quanto a fatores de patogenicidade ». Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2002. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/636.
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Previous issue date: 2002Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Com o objetivo de isolar, identificar e caracterizar amostras de leveduras quanto a fatores de patogenicidade, foram coletadas 16 amostras de solo e 16 amostras de água nos meses de dezembro/2000 e fevereiro/2001, correspondendo ao período de verão e junho e julho/2001, correspondendo ao período de inverno, considerando a baixa-mar e preamar. As amostras foram coletadas em superfície e profundidade, sendo 20 cm para o solo e 1m para a água. Foi utilizado 50g de solo e suspenso em 90 ml de água destilada esterilizada. Dessa suspensão 0,5 ml foram semeados em triplicata em Sabouraud extrato de levedura, acrescido de cloranfenicol, contidos em placas de Petri. Nas mesmas condições de semeio foram utilizados 0,5ml de água. Foram isoladas 58 amostras de leveduras distribuídas em 4 gêneros e 31 espécies: Candida (19), Brettanomyces (3), Rhodotorula (4) e (5) de Trichosporon. A frequência de ocorrência demonstrou que Brettanomyces bruxellensis pode ser considerada abundante em solo de superfície na praia de Casa Caiada. Para as características de patogenicidade observou-se que das 58 amostras testadas 44 cresceram a 37ºC, apresentando bom crescimento, tanto quanto à temperatura ambiente; na detecção da atividade fosfolipásica e proteásica 7 e 3 amostras apresentaram atividade enzimática positiva, respectivamente
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Santos, Tania Regina dos. « Reserva nitrogenada no genero Beijerinckia isolada da rizosfera de cana-de-açúcar ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/87/87131/tde-06102011-113221/.
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Beijerinckia sp., bactéria de vida livre fixadora de nitrogênio, comumente encontrada em solos tropicais lateríticos. A cianoficina produzida por cianobactérias é a única reserva nitrogenada intracelular descrita até hoje. O presente trabalho teve como principal objetivo verificar o acúmulo de material nitrogenado intracelular associado à Fixação Biológica de Nitrogênio em cinco isolados de Beijerinckia da rizosfera de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum sp.). Os resultados mostraram um aumento na concentração de proteína celular total concomitantemente a atividade da nitrogenase durante a fase estacionária de todos os isolados. A fixação de nitrogênio durante esta fase sugere que o destino do nitrogênio fixado seriam os grânulos de armazenamento. A análise química desta reserva confirmou a presença de arginina em teor muito elevado em relação aos demais aminoácidos sugerindo uma reserva nitrogenada diferente da cianoficina. Em recombinantes de Escherichia coli confirmou-se um possível gene envolvido no armazenamento de material nitrogenado em Beijerinckia sp.Beijerinckia sp. bacteria free-living nitrogen-fixing, commonly found in tropical lateritic soils. The cyanophycin produced by cyanobacteria is the only intracellular nitrogen reserve described to date. This study aimed to verify the intracellular buildup of nitrogen associated with Biological Nitrogen Fixation in five Beijerinckia isolated from the rhizosphere of sugarcane (Saccharum sp.). The results showed an increase in total cellular protein concentration concomitantly nitrogenase activity during the stationary phase of all isolates. The nitrogen fixation during this phase suggests that the fate of fixed nitrogen would be the storage granules. Chemical analysis of the reserve confirmed the presence of very high content of arginine in relation to other amino acids suggesting a different reserve of cyanophycin. In recombinant Escherichia coli confirmed a possible gene involved in nitrogen storage material in Beijerinckia sp.
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Cardoso, Leonildo Alves [UNESP]. « Seletividade do herbicida topramezone isolado e em mistura em variedades de cana-de-açúcar ». Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99923.
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cardoso_la_dr_botfca.pdf: 589722 bytes, checksum: 199f3a851af1d40ea61eaa7ce630f683 (MD5)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a seletividade do herbicida topramezone aplicado de forma isolado e em mistura com tebuthiuron, em pós-emergência inicial sobre dez variedades de cana-de-açúcar em condição de cana-planta. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda Experimental Lageado, pertencente a FCA/UNESP – Botucatu/SP. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: topramezone + Dash (70 g ha-1 + 0,25% v/v-1); topramezone + tebuthiuron + Dash (70 + 1000 g ha-1 + 0,25% v/v-1); topramezone + tebuthiuron + Dash (100 + 1000 g ha-1 + 0,25% v/v-1) e ametryn + tebuthiuron (1500 + 1000 g ha-1), aplicados aos 35 DAP (dias após o plantio), além de uma testemunha sem aplicação. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados em parcelas subdivididas com quatro repetições. As dez variedades utilizadas foram: SP 83 2847, SP 80 3280, RB 85 5453, SP 80 1842, SP 89 1115, RB 86 7515, PO 8862, RB 85 5156, SP 80 1816 e SP 81 3250. Para aplicação dos herbicidas, utilizou-se um pulverizador costal, pressurizado a CO2 e equipado com barra de aplicação com seis pontas Teejet XR 110 02VS, e um volume de aplicação foi de 200 L ha-1. As avaliações visuais de fitotoxicidade foram realizadas aos 7, 14, 28 e 35 dias após a aplicação (DAA), sendo que aos 28, 64 e 300 DAA dos herbicidas foram determinados os números de perfilhos por metro e aos 28 e 64 DAA determinou-se a altura média de 15 plantas nas duas linhas centrais da parcela. Ao final do estudo foram determinados os parâmetros tecnológicos como pol, fibra e brix e, os parâmetros produtivos como o comprimento, diâmetro e peso dos colmos e a produção de açúcar por parcela. A formulação isolada de topramezone seguida de suas misturas com tebuthiuron proporcionaram inicialmente severos sintomas visuais de injúrias às plantas...
The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the selectivity topramezone herbicide alone, and in a mixture with tebuthiuron. The herbicides were applied after sprouting to ten varieties of sugar cane on condition of first crop. This research was carried out on the Experimental field from São Paulo State University in Botucatu/SP city. The treatments were: topramezone + Dash (70 g ha-1 + 0.25% v/v-1); topramezone + tebuthiuron + Dash (70 + 1000 g ha-1 + 0.25% v/v-1); topramezone + tebuthiuron + Dash (100 + 1000 g ha-1 + 0.25% v/v-1) and ametryne + tebuthiuron (1500 + 1000 g ha-1) applied 30 DAP (days after planting). Treatments were organized in a randomized complete block split plot with 4 replications for each treatment. Ten varieties utilized in this study: SP 83 2847, SP 80 3280, RB 85 5453, SP 80 1842, SP 89 1115, RB 86 7515, PO 8862, RB 85 5156, SP 80 1816, and SP 81 3250. The herbicides treatments were applied using a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer at 2.0 bar. The boom was equipped with six TeeJet XR 110 02VS flat fan nozzles, delivering a volume of 200 L ha-1. Visual fitotoxicity evaluations were taken 7, 14, 28, and 35 DAA (days after application). At 28, 64, and 300 DAA the number of tillers per meter were determined, and at 28 and 64 DAA average plant height was determined from 15 plants in two central lines of each plot. At the end of the study, technological parameters such as pol, fiber, and brix were determined. At this same stage, productive parameters such as length, diameter, stalk weight, and sugar production per plot were also determined. The formulation of topramezone alone followed its mixtures with tebuthiuron initially provided severe visual injury to the sugar cane plants, however the plants of all varieties tested had a total visual injury recovery... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Livres sur le sujet "Casa isolata"
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Arredi, Marina Pia. La casa unifamiliare isolata. Napoli : Sistemi editoriali, 2013.
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Alessandro, Massarente, et Rebecchini Giuseppe, dir. La casa verticale : Indagini sulla casa unifamiliare isolata a sviluppo verticale. Bologna : Pitagora, 1995.
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1953-, Fraziano Giovanni, dir. La casa isolata : Dalla tautologia alla banalità : letture, trascrizioni, variazioni su testi di Wittgenstein, Loos, Frank. Venezia : Cluva, 1989.
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Mantese, Eleonora, dir. House and Site. Florence : Firenze University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-581-0.
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Il libro House and Site, curato da Eleonora Mantese e introdotto da Francesco Cellini, focalizza l’attenzione sul tema della casa isolata in rapporto al valore del luogo negli esempi di architetti che progettano la casa pensando alla città. Il racconto percorre l’opera di Wright, Neutra, Le Corbusier e guarda in profondità alcune case di Rudofsky, Zanuso, Lewerentz, Sert, Rainer. Contributi di Eleonora Mantese, Andrea Calgarotto, Cristiana Eusepi, Ugo Rossi, Carlotta Torricelli, Gundula Rakowitz.
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Maraini, Dacia. Isolina. Milano : Biblioteca Universale Rizzoli, 1997.
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Isolina. London : Women's Press, 1995.
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Maraini, Dacia. Isolina. London : P. Owen, 1993.
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Isolina : La donna tagliata a pezzi. Milano : Arnoldo Mondadori, 1985.
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Maraini, Dacia. Isolina : La donna tagliata a pezzi. Milano : Rizzoli, 1992.
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Maraini, Dacia. Isolina : La donna tagliata a pezzi. 3e éd. Milano : Rizzoli, 1992.
Trouver le texte intégralChapitres de livres sur le sujet "Casa isolata"
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Schoenleber, Scott J. « Isolated Lateral Malleolus Fracture ». Dans Pediatric Orthopedic Trauma Case Atlas, 773–78. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29980-8_135.
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Schoenleber, Scott J. « Isolated Medial Malleolus Fracture ». Dans Pediatric Orthopedic Trauma Case Atlas, 791–95. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29980-8_138.
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Schoenleber, Scott J. « Isolated Lateral Malleolus Fracture ». Dans Pediatric Orthopedic Trauma Case Atlas, 1–6. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28226-8_135-1.
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Schoenleber, Scott J. « Isolated Medial Malleolus Fracture ». Dans Pediatric Orthopedic Trauma Case Atlas, 1–5. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28226-8_138-1.
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Firouzi, Ata, et Zahra Hosseini. « Transcatheter Isolated Interrupted Aortic Arch Intervention ». Dans Case-Based Clinical Cardiology, 433–37. London : Springer London, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-7496-7_70.
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Segura, Julian. « Patient with Isolated Diurnal Hypertension ». Dans Practical Case Studies in Hypertension Management, 23–32. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02741-4_3.
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Segura, Julian. « Patient with Isolated Nocturnal Hypertension ». Dans Practical Case Studies in Hypertension Management, 33–42. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02741-4_4.
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Khajali, Zahra. « ASD Device Closure in Isolated Right Ventricular Hypoplasia ». Dans Case-Based Clinical Cardiology, 303–12. London : Springer London, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-7496-7_51.
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Rougier, P. « Are There Indications for Intraarterial Hepatic Chemotherapy or Isolated Liver Perfusion ? The Case of Liver Metastases from Colorectal Cancer ». Dans Isolated Liver Perfusion for Hepatic Tumors, 3–12. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80460-1_1.
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Gupta, Vipul. « Dural AVF Draining into an Isolated Sac : Embolization Technique ». Dans 100 Interesting Case Studies in Neurointervention : Tips and Tricks, 265–69. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1346-2_64.
Texte intégralActes de conférences sur le sujet "Casa isolata"
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Dalgamouni, Tasneem atef, Shatha Kanji, Maroua Cherif, Rihab Rasheed, Touria Bounnit, Hareb Aljabri, Imen Saadaoui et Radhouane Ben Hamadou. « Isolation, Cultivation, and Characterization of Novel Local Marine Micro-Algae for Aquaculture Feed Supplement Production ». Dans Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0037.
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Aquaculture is considered as a promising alternative to support the food demands of the everincreasing population. Currently, this sector faces several challenges such as using fishmeal, which is unsustainable and expensive. Therefore, it is necessary to identify an alternative feed component that is sustainable, cost-effective and can provide the essential nutrients required by the fish. In this context, microalgae are considered as a viable source of proteins, lipids, polysaccharides and highvalue products (HVPs) such as essential fatty acids, amino acids and vitamins. They play a vital role in the marine food chain and hence can be easily assimilated by the fish. The current research targeted the isolation, identification and characterization of novel marine microalgae from Qatar coastline to produce aquaculture feed supplement. As the climate poses a number of stress factors, such as high light intensities, temperatures and varying salinities, it is expected that novel microalgae with interesting metabolite profiles can be isolated from the environment for developing aquaculture sector in Qatar. Standard plating methods were used to isolate halophilic strains from field waters. PCR-sequencing was used to identify the novel microalgae, cyanobacteria and diatom isolates. Then a comparative analysis of the growth performance and metabolite content was performed to characterize these strains. Results evidenced that the cyanobacteria strain exhibited the highest biomass productivity of 51.4 mg L-1day-1 whereas the highest lipid content was observed in the novel diatom isolate ranging up to 28.62% and the highest amount of carotenoids was detected in the case of the microalgae. As in conclusion, a rich feed supplement blending the three isolates can be considered as an alternative to fishmeal. As a continuation of this research, the potential strains will be cultivated under various stress to increase their nutritional value.
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Patil, U. G., S. D. Shirbahadurkar et A. N. Paithane. « Automatic Speech Recognition of isolated words in Hindi language using MFCC ». Dans 2016 International Conference on Computing, Analytics and Security Trends (CAST). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cast.2016.7915008.
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Gbafa, K., A. Diallo, P. Le Thuc et R. Staraj. « High Isolated MIMO Antenna System for Full-Duplex 5G Applications ». Dans 2019 IEEE Conference on Antenna Measurements & Applications (CAMA). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cama47423.2019.8959446.
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Huang, Cuixia, et Jiangwei Sui. « High-Isolated Multi-Element MIMO Antennas for Mobile Terminals ». Dans 2022 IEEE Conference on Antenna Measurements and Applications (CAMA). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cama56352.2022.10002512.
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Liu, Yi, Zhe Chen, Xianqin Hu, Jianxiang Yang, Bin He et Tao Yuan. « A Highly Isolated Millimeter-wave Encapsulated Antenna for Radar Sensing ». Dans 2022 IEEE Conference on Antenna Measurements and Applications (CAMA). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cama56352.2022.10002514.
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Gustafsson, Jan. « The Worst Case Execution Time Tool Challenge 2006 ». Dans Second International Symposium on Leveraging Applications of Formal Methods, Verification and Validation (isola 2006). IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isola.2006.72.
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Xu, Jiancheng, Min Liu, Ran Liang et Qi Zhou. « Antimicrobial Resistance among Enterococci Isolated from the First Bethune Hospital ». Dans 2011 International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems Engineering (CASE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccase.2011.5997676.
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Staschulat, Jan, Jörn C. Braam, Rolf Ernst, Thomas Rambow et Rainer Schlör Rainer Busch. « Cost-Efficient Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis in Industrial Practice ». Dans Second International Symposium on Leveraging Applications of Formal Methods, Verification and Validation (isola 2006). IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isola.2006.64.
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Hurez, Ines, Ted Chen, Florin Vladoianu, Vlad Anghel et Gheorghe Brezeanu. « Message Recovered : A Robust Fault Detection and Reporting Method for Galvanically Isolated IGBT Gate Drivers ». Dans 2018 International Semiconductor Conference (CAS). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smicnd.2018.8539764.
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Tan, Lili. « The Worst Case Execution Time Tool Challenge 2006 : The External Test ». Dans Second International Symposium on Leveraging Applications of Formal Methods, Verification and Validation (isola 2006). IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isola.2006.73.
Texte intégralRapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Casa isolata"
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Agarwal, Dr Ashna Ashish, et Dr Seema Goel. A RARE CASE OF ISOLATED HYDATID CYST IN SPLEEN. World Wide Journals, février 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36106/ijar/0906217.
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INTRODUCTION: Hydatid Cyst is a zoonotic infection caused by the larval form of parasite tapeworm Ecchinococcus granulosus. It is most commonly found in liver and rarely found in the spleen. It presents with vague symptoms and usually grows slowly. In this report we describe a rare advanced presentation of a splenic echinococcosis mimicking malignancy. CASE REPORT: A 16yr old female patient presenting with complaints of pain in left lumbar region since three months. Preliminary examination showed splenomegaly with tenderness. Abdominal CT scan showed evidence of well dened, round peripherally enhancing Hypodense lesion in spleen likely splenic abscess. After clinical and radiological evaluation splenectomy was done and respected spleen along with cyst was sent for histopathological examination. Splenic abscess, abdominal tuberculosis and a Conclusion- bdominal malignancy were considered clinically in differential diagnosis. Histopathology helped to reach a nal diagnosis of splenic echinococcosis which is a very rare presentation.
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Moza, Andreea, Florentina Duica, Panagiotis Antoniadis, Elena Silvia Bernad, Diana Lungeanu, Marius Craina, Brenda Cristiana Bernad et al. Outcome of newborns in case of SARS-CoV-2 vertical infection. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, décembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.12.0093.
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Review question / Objective: To identify the types and examine the range of available evidence of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from mother to newborn. To clarify the key concepts and criteria for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 vertical infection in neonates. To summarize the existing evidence and advance the awareness on SARS-CoV-2 vertical infection in pregnancy. Background: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19), has been isolated from various tissues and body fluids, including the placenta, amniotic fluid, and umbilical cord of newborns. In the last few years, much scientific effort has been directed towards studying SARS-CoV-2, focusing on the different features of the virus, such as its structure and mechanisms of action. Moreover, much focus has been on developing accurate diagnostic tools and various drugs or vaccines to treat COVID-19.
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Moore, David, Damarys Acevedo-Acevedo et Philip Gidley. Application of clean dredged material to facilitate contaminated sediment source control. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), septembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45342.
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Navigation channels, turning basins, and other US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)–managed navigation infrastructure often serve as repositories for contaminated sediment from off-site sources. As much as 10% of the material that USACE dredges on an annual basis is contaminated such that it requires additional and more costly management (for example, rehandling and placement in managed confined disposal facilities). Presence of contaminated sediments constrain potential management options resulting in additional costs and opportunity loss from the inability to beneficially use the material. One potential solution is applying clean dredged material to stabilize and isolate contaminated sediment sources, preventing further transport and introduction to USACE-managed infrastructure. This document summarizes a comprehensive literature review of laboratory and field case studies relevant to using clean dredged material to isolate or stabilize contaminated sediments, focusing on the physical, chemical, and biological parameters critical to establishing its feasibility and long-term effectiveness. Potentially effective engineering control measures were also reviewed where erosion and site hydrodynamics are facilitating the transport of contaminated sediments to USACE-maintained navigation infrastructure. This literature review documents and summarizes those factors considered in establishing feasibility and long-term effectiveness of the approach as well as the applicable engineering tools employed and constraints encountered.
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Godenau, Dirk. Migration and the economy. Observatorio de la Inmigración de Tenerife. Departamento de Geografía e Historia. Universidad de La Laguna. Tenerife, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.25145/r.obitfact.2020.02.
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Economic reasons are among the basic explanatory factors of migration, whether international or internally within a country. In turn, migratory movements have effects on the economy in terms of economic growth in general, but also in the different markets (work, housing, consumer goods, etc.) and public services (education, health, social services, etc.). The purpose of this document is to offer an overview of these interactions between migration and the economy in the case of the Canary Islands. To do this, certain conceptual clarifications will be made initially involving the mutual determination of both processes, before later providing specifics with evidence on the Canarian case for the main issues considered: the economic reasons for migration, and its impact on economic growth, the labour market and the living conditions of the immigrant population. The final section alludes to the importance of the institutional framework that regulates these relations between migration and the economy, which are far from being interpretable as a mechanical relationship and isolated from the political sphere.
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Avni, Adi, et Gitta L. Coaker. Proteomic investigation of a tomato receptor like protein recognizing fungal pathogens. United States Department of Agriculture, janvier 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600030.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Maximizing food production with minimal negative effects on the environment remains a long-term challenge for sustainable food production. Microbial pathogens cause devastating diseases, minimizing crop losses by controlling plant diseases can contribute significantly to this goal. All plants possess an innate immune system that is activated after recognition of microbial-derived molecules. The fungal protein Eix induces defense responses in tomato and tobacco. Plants recognize Eix through a leucine-rich-repeat receptor- like-protein (LRR-RLP) termed LeEix. Despite the knowledge obtained from studies on tomato, relatively little is known about signaling initiated by RLP-type immune receptors. The focus of this grant proposal is to generate a foundational understanding of how the tomato xylanase receptor LeEix2 signals to confer defense responses. LeEix2 recognition results in pattern triggered immunity (PTI). The grant has two main aims: (1) Isolate the LeEix2 protein complex in an active and resting state; (2) Examine the biological function of the identified proteins in relation to LeEix2 signaling upon perception of the xylanase elicitor Eix. We used two separate approaches to isolate receptor interacting proteins. Transgenic tomato plants expressing LeEix2 fused to the GFP tag were used to identify complex components at a resting and activated state. LeEix2 complexes were purified by mass spectrometry and associated proteins identified by mass spectrometry. We identified novel proteins that interact with LeEix receptor by proteomics analysis. We identified two dynamin related proteins (DRPs), a coiled coil – nucleotide binding site leucine rich repeat (SlNRC4a) protein. In the second approach we used the split ubiquitin yeast two hybrid (Y2H) screen system to identified receptor-like protein kinase At5g24010-like (SlRLK-like) (Solyc01g094920.2.1) as an interactor of LeEIX2. We examined the role of SlNRC4a in plant immunity. Co-immunoprecipitation demonstrates that SlNRC4a is able to associate with different PRRs. Physiological assays with specific elicitors revealed that SlNRC4a generally alters PRR-mediated responses. SlNRC4a overexpression enhances defense responses while silencing SlNRC4 reduces plant immunity. We propose that SlNRC4a acts as a non-canonical positive regulator of immunity mediated by diverse PRRs. Thus, SlNRC4a could link both intracellular and extracellular immune perception. SlDRP2A localizes at the plasma membrane. Overexpression of SlDRP2A increases the sub-population of LeEIX2 inVHAa1 endosomes, and enhances LeEIX2- and FLS2-mediated defense. The effect of SlDRP2A on induction of plant immunity highlights the importance of endomembrane components and endocytosis in signal propagation during plant immune . The interaction of LeEIX2 with SlRLK-like was verified using co- immunoprecipitation and a bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay. The defence responses induced by EIX were markedly reduced when SlRLK-like was over-expressed, and mutation of slrlk-likeusing CRISPR/Cas9 increased EIX- induced ethylene production and SlACSgene expression in tomato. Co-expression of SlRLK-like with different RLPs and RLKs led to their degradation, apparently through an endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation process. We provided new knowledge and expertise relevant to expression of specific be exploited to enhance immunity in crops enabling the development of novel environmentally friendly disease control strategies.
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Thomashow, Linda, Leonid Chernin, Ilan Chet, David M. Weller et Dmitri Mavrodi. Genetically Engineered Microbial Agents for Biocontrol of Plant Fungal Diseases. United States Department of Agriculture, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7696521.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The objectives of the project were: a) to construct the site-specific integrative expression cassettes carrying: (i) the chiA gene for a 58-kDa endochitinase, (ii) the pyrrolnitrin biosynthesis operon, and (iii) the acdS gene encoding ACC deaminase; b) to employ these constructs to engineer stable recombinant strains with an expanded repertoire of beneficial activities; c) to evaluate the rhizosphere competence and antifungal activity of the WT and modified strains against pathogenic fungi under laboratory and greenhouse conditions; and d) to monitor the persistence and impact of the introduced strains on culturable and nonculturable rhizosphere microbial populations in the greenhouse and the field. The research generally support our concepts that combining strategically selected genes conferring diverse modes of action against plant pathogens into one organism can improve the efficacy of biological control agents. We hypothesized that biocontrol agents (BCAs) engineered to expand their repertoire of beneficial activities will more effectively control soilborne plant pathogens. In this work, we demonstrated that biocontrol activity of Pseudomonas fluorescens Q8r1-96 and Q2-87, both producing the antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG) effective against the plant pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani, can be improved significantly by introducing and expressing either the 1.6-kb gene chiA, encoding the 58-kDa endochitinase ChiA from the rhizosphere strain SerratiaplymuthicaIC1270, or the 5.8-kb prnABCDoperon encoding the broad-range antibiotic pyrrolnitrin (Prn) from another rhizosphere strain, P. fluorescens Pf-5. The PₜₐcchiAandPₜₐcprnABCDcassettes were cloned into the integrative pBK-miniTn7-ΩGm plasmid, and inserted into the genomic DNA of the recipient bacteria. Recombinant derivatives of strains Q8r1-96 and Q2-87 expressing the PₜₐcchiA or PₜₐcprnABCD cassettes produced endochitinase ChiA, or Prn, respectively, in addition to 2,4-DAPG, and the recombinants gave significantly better biocontrol of R. solani on beans under greenhouse conditions. The disease reduction index increased in comparison to the parental strains Q8r1-96 and Q2-87 to 17.5 and 39.0% from 3.2 and 12.4%, respectively, in the case of derivatives carrying the PₜₐcchiAcassette and to 63.1 and 70% vs. 2.8 and 12,4%, respectively, in the case of derivatives carrying the PₜₐcprnABCDcassette. The genetically modified strains exhibited persistence and non-target effects comparable to those of the parental strains in greenhouse soil. Three integrative cassettes carrying the acdS gene encoding ACC deaminase cloned under the control of different promoters were constructed and tested for enhancement of plant growth promotion by biocontrol strains of P. fluorescens and S. plymuthica. The integrative cassettes constructed in this work are already being used as a simple and efficient tool to improve biocontrol activity of various PGPR bacteria against fungi containing chitin in the cell walls or highly sensitive to Prn. Some parts of the work (e. g., construction of integrative cassettes) was collaborative while other parts e.g., (enzyme and antibiotic activity analyses) were fully synergistic. The US partners isolated and provided to the Israeli collaborators the original biocontrol strains P. fluorescens strains Q8r1-96 and Q2-87 and their mutants deficient in 2,4-DAPG production, which were used to evaluate the relative importance of introduction of Prn, chitinase or ACC deaminase genes for improvement of the biocontrol activity of the parental strains. The recombinant strains obtained at HUJI were supplied to the US collaborators for further analysis.
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Dawson, William O., et Moshe Bar-Joseph. Creating an Ally from an Adversary : Genetic Manipulation of Citrus Tristeza. United States Department of Agriculture, janvier 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7586540.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Citrus is one of the major agricultural crops common to Israel and the United States, important in terms of nutrition, foreign exchange, and employment. The economy of both citrus industries have been chronically plagued by diseases caused by Citrus tristeza virus (CTV). The short term solution until virus-resistant plants can be used is the use of mild strain cross-protection. We are custom designing "ideal" protecting viruses to immunize trees against severe isolates of CTV by purposely inoculating existing endangered trees and new plantings to be propagated as infected (protected) citrus budwood. We crossed the substantial technological hurdles necessary to accomplish this task which included developing an infectious cDNA clone which allows in vitro manipulation of the virus and methods to then infect citrus plants. We created a series of hybrids between decline-inducing and mild CTV strains, tested them in protoplasts, and are amplifying them to inoculate citrus trees for evaluation and mapping of disease determinants. We also extended this developed technology to begin engineering transient expression vectors based on CTV as tools for genetic improvement of tree crops, in this case citrus. Because of the long periods between genetic transformation and the ultimate assay of mature tree characteristics, there is a great need for an effective system that allows the expression or suppression of target genes in fruiting plants. Virus-based vectors will greatly expedite progress in citrus genetic improvement. We characterized several components of the virus that provides necessary information for designing virus-based vectors. We characterized the requirements of the 3 ’-nontranslated replication promoter and two 3 ’-ORF subgenomic (sg) mRNA controller elements. We discovered a novel type of 5’-terminal sgRNAs and characterized the cis-acting control element that also functions as a strong promoter of a 3 ’-sgRNA. We showed that the p23 gene controls negative-stranded RNA synthesis and expression of 3 ’ genes. We identified which genes are required for infection of plants, which are host range determinants, and which are not needed for plant infection. We continued the characterization of native dRNA populations and showed the presence of five different classes including class III dRNAs that consists of infectious and self-replicating molecules and class V dRNAs that contain all of the 3 ’ ORFs, along with class IV dRNAs that retain non-contiguous internal sequences. We have constructed and tested in protoplasts a series of expression vectors that will be described in this proposal.
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Fait, Aaron, Grant Cramer et Avichai Perl. Towards improved grape nutrition and defense : The regulation of stilbene metabolism under drought. United States Department of Agriculture, mai 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7594398.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The goals of the present research proposal were to elucidate the physiological and molecular basis of the regulation of stilbene metabolism in grape, against the background of (i) grape metabolic network behavior in response to drought and of (ii) varietal diversity. The specific objectives included the study of the physiology of the response of different grape cultivars to continuous WD; the characterization of the differences and commonalities of gene network topology associated with WD in berry skin across varieties; the study of the metabolic response of developing berries to continuous WD with specific attention to the stilbene compounds; the integration analysis of the omics data generated; the study of isolated drought-associated stress factors on the regulation of stilbene biosynthesis in plantaand in vitro. Background to the topic Grape quality has a complex relationship with water input. Regulated water deficit (WD) is known to improve wine grapes by reducing the vine growth (without affecting fruit yield) and boosting sugar content (Keller et al. 2008). On the other hand, irregular rainfall during the summer can lead to drought-associated damage of fruit developmental process and alter fruit metabolism (Downey et al., 2006; Tarara et al., 2008; Chalmers et al., 792). In areas undergoing desertification, WD is associated with high temperatures. This WD/high temperature synergism can limit the areas of grape cultivation and can damage yields and fruit quality. Grapes and wine are the major source of stilbenes in human nutrition, and multiple stilbene-derived compounds, including isomers, polymers and glycosylated forms, have also been characterized in grapes (Jeandet et al., 2002; Halls and Yu, 2008). Heterologous expression of stilbenesynthase (STS) in a variety of plants has led to an enhanced resistance to pathogens, but in others the association has not been proven (Kobayashi et al., 2000; Soleas et al., 1995). Tomato transgenic plants harboring a grape STS had increased levels of resveratrol, ascorbate, and glutathione at the expense of the anthocyanin pathways (Giovinazzo et al. 2005), further emphasizing the intermingled relation among secondary metabolic pathways. Stilbenes are are induced in green and fleshy parts of the berries by biotic and abiotic elicitors (Chong et al., 2009). As is the case for other classes of secondary metabolites, the biosynthesis of stilbenes is not very well understood, but it is known to be under tight spatial and temporal control, which limits the availability of these compounds from plant sources. Only very few studies have attempted to analyze the effects of different environmental components on stilbene accumulation (Jeandet et al., 1995; Martinez-Ortega et al., 2000). Targeted analyses have generally shown higher levels of resveratrol in the grape skin (induced), in seeded varieties, in varieties of wine grapes, and in dark-skinned varieties (Gatto et al., 2008; summarized by Bavaresco et al., 2009). Yet, the effect of the grape variety and the rootstock on stilbene metabolism has not yet been thoroughly investigated (Bavaresco et al., 2009). The study identified a link between vine hydraulic behavior and physiology of stress with the leaf metabolism, which the PIs believe can eventually lead to the modifications identified in the developing berries that interested the polyphenol metabolism and its regulation during development and under stress. Implications are discussed below.
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Rouseff, Russell L., et Michael Naim. Characterization of Unidentified Potent Flavor Changes during Processing and Storage of Orange and Grapefruit Juices. United States Department of Agriculture, septembre 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7585191.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Citrus juice flavor quality traditionally diminishes after thermal processing and continuously during storage. Our prior studies found that four of the five most potent off-aromas formed during orange juice storage had not been identified. The primary emphasis of this project was to characterize and identify those potent flavor degrading aroma volatiles so that methods to control them could be developed and final flavor quality improved. Our original objectives included: 1 Isolate and characterize the most important unidentified aroma impact compounds formed or lost during pasteurization and storage. 2. Determination of thiamine and carotenoid thermal decomposition and Strecker degradation pathways in model solutions as possible precursors for the unidentified off-flavors. 3. Evaluate the effectiveness of an "electronic nose" to differentiate the headspace aromas of from untreated and heat pasteurized orange and grapefruit juices. 4. Use model systems of citrus juices to investigate the three possible precursor pathways (from 2) for flavor impact compounds formed or lost during pasteurization or storage. RESULTS - The components responsible for citrus storage off flavors and their putative precursors have now been identified. Certain carotenoids (b-carotene) can thermally degrade to produce b-ionone and b-damascenone which are floral and tobacco smelling respectively. Our GC-O and sensory experiments indicated that b-damascenone is a potential storage off-flavor in orange juice. Thiamine (Vitamin B1) degradation produces 2-methyl-3-furan thiol, MFT, and its dimer bis(2- methyl-3-furyl) disulfide which both produce meaty, savory aromas. GC-O and sensory studies indicated that MFT is another storage off-flavor. Methional (potato aroma) is another off flavor produced primarily from the reaction of the native amino acid, methionine, and oxidized ascorbic acid (vitamin C). This is a newly discovered pathway for the production of methional and is more dominant in juices than the classic Maillard reaction. These newly identified off flavors diminish the flavor quality of citrus juices as they distort the flavor balance and introduce non-typical aromas to the juice flavor profile. In addition, we have demonstrated that some of the poor flavor quality citrus juice found in the market place is not only from the production of these and other off flavors but also due to the absence of desirable flavor components including several potent aldehydes and a few esters. The absence of these compounds appears to be due to incomplete flavor volatile restoration after the making of juice concentrates. We are the first to demonstrate that not all flavor volatiles are removed along with water in the production of juice concentrate. In the case of grapefruit juice we have documented which flavor volatiles are completely removed, which are partially removed and which actually increase because of the thermal process. Since more that half of all citrus juices is made into concentrate, this information will allow producers to more accurately restore the original flavor components and produce a juice with a more natural flavor. IMPLICATIONS - We have shown that the aroma of citrus juices is controlled by only 1-2% of the total volatiles. The vast majority of other volatiles have little to no direct aroma activity. The critical volatiles have now been identified. The ability to produce high quality citrus juices requires that manufacturers know which chemical components control aroma and flavor. In addition to identifying the critical flavor components (both positive and negative), we have also identified several precursors. The behavior of these key aroma compounds and their precursors during common manufacturing and storage conditions has been documented so manufacturers in Israel and the US can alter production practices to minimize the negative ones and maximize the positive ones.
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Locy, Robert D., Hillel Fromm, Joe H. Cherry et Narendra K. Singh. Regulation of Arabidopsis Glutamate Decarboxylase in Response to Heat Stress : Modulation of Enzyme Activity and Gene Expression. United States Department of Agriculture, janvier 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7575288.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Most plants accumulate the nonprotein amino acid, g-aminobutyric acid (GABA), in response to heat stress. GABA is made from glutamate in a reaction catalyzed by glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), an enzyme that has been shown by the Israeli PI to be a calmodulin (CaM) binding protein whose activity is regulated in vitro by calcium and CaM. In Arabidopsis there are at least 5 GAD genes, two isoforms of GAD, GAD1 and GAD2, are known to be expressed, both of which appear to be calmodulin-binding proteins. The role of GABA accumulation in stress tolerance remains unclear, and thus the objectives of the proposed work are intended to clarify the possible roles of GABA in stress tolerance by studying the factors which regulate the activity of GAD in vivo. Our intent was to demonstrate the factors that mediate the expression of GAD activity by analyzing the promoters of the GAD1 and GAD2 genes, to determine the role of stress induced calcium signaling in the regulation of GAD activity, to investigate the role of phosphorylation of the CaM-binding domain in the regulation of GAD activity, and to investigate whether ABA signaling could be involved in GAD regulation via the following set of original Project Objectives: 1. Construction of chimeric GAD1 and GAD2 promoter/reporter gene fusions and their utilization for determining cell-specific expression of GAD genes in Arabidopsis. 2. Utilizing transgenic plants harboring chimeric GAD1 promoter-luciferase constructs for isolating mutants in genes controlling GAD1 gene activation in response to heat shock. 3. Assess the role of Ca2+/CaM in the regulation of GAD activity in vivo in Arabidopsis. 4. Study the possible phosphorylation of GAD as a means of regulation of GAD activity. 5. Utilize ABA mutants of Arabidopsis to assess the involvement of this phytohormone in GAD activation by stress stimuli. The major conclusions of Objective 1 was that GAD1 was strongly expressed in the elongating region of the root, while GAD2 was mainly expressed along the phloem in both roots and shoots. In addition, GAD activity was found not to be transcriptionally regulated in response to heat stress. Subsequently, The Israeli side obtained a GAD1 knockout mutation, and in light of the objective 1 results it was determined that characterization of this knockout mutation would contribute more to the project than the proposed Objective 2. The major conclusion of Objective 3 is that heat-stress-induced changes in GAD activity can be explained by heat-stress-induced changes in cytosolic calcium levels. No evidence that GAD activity was transcriptionally or translationally regulated or that protein phosphorylation was involved in GAD regulation (objective 4) was obtained. Previously published data by others showing that in wheat roots ABA regulated GABA accumulation proved not to be the case in Arabidopsis (Objective 5). Consequently, we put the remaining effort in the project into the selection of mutants related to temperature adaptation and GABA utilization and attempting to characterize events resulting from GABA accumulation. A set of 3 heat sensitive mutants that appear to have GABA related mutations have been isolated and partially characterized, and a study linking GABA accumulation to growth stimulation and altered nitrate assimilation were conducted. By providing a better understanding of how GAD activity was and was not regulated in vivo, we have ruled out the use of certain genes for genetically engineering thermotolerance, and suggested other areas of endeavor related to the thrust of the project that may be more likely approaches to genetically engineering thermotolerance.