Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Caribbean Coins »

This essay coins the concept of redactive reading to describe a method for interpreting women’s absences in racialized and gendered histories of collective trauma through M. NourbeSe Philip’s 2008 poem, Zong! In 1781, the Zong crew murdered as many as 150 African captives following a water shortage and tried to claim insurance on victims. Gregson v. Gilbert denied plaintiffs the right to profit from murder without indicting anyone for the atrocity. This diasporic Caribbean poet revives mythological figures—notably, the biblical Ruth—to expose Western law and the English language as insidious tools of epistemic violence. In naming three archetypes that reincarnate “ruth”— the rebellious slave, the lady of society, and the raped whore—this article interrogates the white, patriarchal, imperialist imaginary behind the massacre. Redactive reading is a strategy for reading femininity as a structuring absence on which canons of exclusion—from legal rights to representational politics and the sympathetic imagination—are built.

The consumption of medicinal plants has notably increased over the past two decades. People consider herbal products as safe because of their natural origin, without taking into consideration whether these plants contain a toxic principle. This represents a serious health problem. A bibliographic search was carried out using published scientific material on native plants from Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean, which describe the ethnobotanical and toxicological information of medicinal plants empirically considered to be toxic. A total of 216 medicinal plants belonging to 77 families have been reported as toxic. Of these plants, 76 had been studied, and 140 plants lacked studies regarding their toxicological effects. The toxicity of 16 plants species has been reported in clinical cases, particularly in children. From these plants, deaths have been reported with the consumption ofChenopodium ambrosioides,Argemone mexicana, andThevetia peruviana. In most of the cases, the principle of the plant responsible for the toxicity is unknown. There is limited information about the toxicity of medicinal plants used in Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean. More toxicological studies are necessary to contribute information about the safe use of the medicinal plants cited in this review.

Methods for reliably generating alternating current via placing metal coils in a rotating magnetic field were discovered by two individuals almost simultaneously: Italian engineer and physicist, Galileo Ferraris, and Austrian-American engineer, Nikola Tesla. While Tesla attained the patent for the AC-generator, Ferraris, who published the discovery a few months prior, is credited with having paved the way for the modern-day alternator, now used ubiquitously. The origins of rotational energy conversion can be traced back to sugar plantations in the 1600s. At that time, the milling process was initially sustained through slave-driven turning of a wheel, which was geared to large wooden rollers that would squeeze sugar cane. The Caribbean and South American variant of this system was known as a trapiche, which employed three geared rollers. Over time, slaves were replaced with oxen and horses, which were eventually supplanted by water wheels and finally by steam engines. The water wheels implemented for sugar milling ultimately paved the path for creating electrical currents. Water turbines for hydroelectric power subsequently took off. Principles of steam engine operation were adapted for electrical power as well, ultimately culminating in the use of nuclear plants to generate “wheel” turning for electricity. Electricity and magnetism, as well as interactions between them, are frequently discussed in introductory undergraduate physics. However, practical applications of these principles are often omitted from lectures. If taught under an experiential environment, these concepts can be introduced at even the middle school level, taught by first year college students taking basic college physics - a synergistic learning environment. With this in mind, we developed a middle school kit consisting of simple 3D-printed components, recycled DVDs and four bearings for support of 4 mm nail shafts. Enameled wire (30 AWG) is used to prepare the wire-wound coils. A large rubber band is used as the pulley-belt. The above represents the generator component. The power use component is assembled on an accompanying bread board. Power processing is demonstrated using diodes for rectification to DC. The DC power is used to recharge a 3V, 40 mAh lithium-ion coin cell. AC power from the generator can also be directly applied to load resistors. Students will be able to see the effects of varying the load by changes in the time of the free rotation of the generator wheels. Students will experience the charge and discharge of batteries with safe voltages and currents. Middle school students will record data from the generator and conditioning systems and draw conclusions on worksheets that accompany the hardware.

Abstract Background Crustaceans express several classes of receptor genes in their antennules, which house olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) and non-olfactory chemosensory neurons. Transcriptomics studies reveal that candidate chemoreceptor proteins include variant Ionotropic Receptors (IRs) including both co-receptor IRs and tuning IRs, Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels, Gustatory Receptors, epithelial sodium channels, and class A G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). The Caribbean spiny lobster, Panulirus argus, expresses in its antennules nearly 600 IRs, 17 TRP channels, 1 Gustatory Receptor, 7 epithelial sodium channels, 81 GPCRs, 6 G proteins, and dozens of enzymes in signaling pathways. However, the specific combinatorial expression patterns of these proteins in single sensory neurons are not known for any crustacean, limiting our understanding of how their chemosensory systems encode chemical quality. Results The goal of this study was to use transcriptomics to describe expression patterns of chemoreceptor genes in OSNs of P. argus. We generated and analyzed transcriptomes from 7 single OSNs, some of which were shown to respond to a food odor, as well as an additional 7 multicell transcriptomes from preparations containing few (2–4), several (ca. 15), or many (ca. 400) OSNs. We found that each OSN expressed the same 2 co-receptor IRs (IR25a, IR93a) but not the other 2 antennular coIRs (IR8a, IR76b), 9–53 tuning IRs but only one to a few in high abundance, the same 5 TRP channels plus up to 5 additional TRPs, 12–17 GPCRs including the same 5 expressed in every single cell transcriptome, the same 3 G proteins plus others, many enzymes in the signaling pathways, but no Gustatory Receptors or epithelial sodium channels. The greatest difference in receptor expression among the OSNs was the identity of the tuning IRs. Conclusions Our results provide an initial view of the combinatorial expression patterns of receptor molecules in single OSNs in one species of decapod crustacean, including receptors directly involved in olfactory transduction and others likely involved in modulation. Our results also suggest differences in receptor expression in OSNs vs. other chemosensory neurons.

The introduction deals with the relevance of the term ‘neo-avant-garde’ for literature. The term is used most typically for experimental art forms from the long sixties (1955-1975), but sometimes extended to present-day pioneering art. The text relates the neo-avant-garde to three other dominant innovations of the twentieth century, namely the historical avant-garde, modernism and postmodernism. First, the introduction looks at influential studies concerning the neo-avant-garde by scholars such as Peter Bürger, Hal Foster, Benjamin Buchloh and Dietrich Scheunemann. It then presents four parameters to define the term neo-avant-garde as it is used in the present volume and it draws attention to the pros and cons of its usage. Finally, the introduction points to the relevance of the neo-avant-garde frame for the study of the various literary traditions that are discussed in this book, especially based on – but not restricted to – American, Austrian, British, Caribbean, Dutch, French and German examples. In this way, the text explores the possible relevance of neo-avant-garde productions for contemporary artists and writers.

This publication assesses the potential for deployment of the leading Marine Renewable Energy (MRE) technologies including Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind, Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion across nine Countries of Interest (COI) in the Caribbean region. This is achieved by conducting a technology review, analysing resource levels in each of the COIs, and presenting the outputs of Locational Guidance work identifying preferred areas for potential future project development. This work concludes that MRE can offer a secure supply of indigenous clean energy, that resources are sufficiently abundant to meet the current and future energy demand of each of the COIs many times over, and that the leading MRE technologies are sufficiently advanced to be worthy of immediate prioritisation. This Technical Note draws on and presents outcomes from work undertaken in 2019 as part of a Technical Cooperation Agreement between the IDB and CDB under the Support for Sustainable and Resilient Projects in the Caribbean programme.