Thèses sur le sujet « Carcinoma uroteliale »
Créez une référence correcte selon les styles APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard et plusieurs autres
Consultez les 47 meilleures thèses pour votre recherche sur le sujet « Carcinoma uroteliale ».
À côté de chaque source dans la liste de références il y a un bouton « Ajouter à la bibliographie ». Cliquez sur ce bouton, et nous générerons automatiquement la référence bibliographique pour la source choisie selon votre style de citation préféré : APA, MLA, Harvard, Vancouver, Chicago, etc.
Vous pouvez aussi télécharger le texte intégral de la publication scolaire au format pdf et consulter son résumé en ligne lorsque ces informations sont inclues dans les métadonnées.
Parcourez les thèses sur diverses disciplines et organisez correctement votre bibliographie.
CAMPIONI, GLORIA. « Monolayers and three-dimensional cultures to investigate metabolic reprogramming in breast and bladder cancer ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/375413.
Texte intégralMetabolic reprogramming has been observed in many types of cancer, and it is considered a hallmark of this heterogeneous multifactorial disease. Understanding the mechanisms leading to metabolic rewiring and how these activities promote the activation of cancer's malignant properties can help exploit metabolic alterations for therapeutic benefit. In solid tumors, cancer cells interact with the complex habitat of the tumor microenvironment (TME), which can modulate cancer cells' metabolism and their sensitivity or resistance to drug treatment. Three-dimensional (3D) models, such as spheroids, organoids, and organ-on-chips, are changing the paradigm of preclinical cancer research as they more closely resemble the complex tissue environment and architecture found in tumors in vivo than bidimensional (2D) cell cultures. Therefore, 3D models could potentially improve the robustness and reliability of preclinical research data, reducing the need for animal testing and favoring their transition to clinical practice. In this thesis, we performed a metabolic characterization of luminal (MCF7) and triple-negative (MDAMB231 and SUM159PT) breast cancer cell lines and compared their different response to metabolic perturbations through the evaluation of cell proliferation (in 2D) and spheroid formation ability. The main results of this chapter suggest that nutritional deprivations and pharmacological treatments targeting energetic metabolism have a more significant impact on the proliferation of cells growing in 2D than on spheroid formation (3D). Moreover, the perturbation of glucose metabolism by glucose deprivation and 2-deoxy-glucose treatment showed the most potent effect on the spheroid formation process, severely reducing spheroid vitality and morphology, especially on the highly glycolytic MDAMB231 cell line. Furthermore, we developed a reliable and reproducible workflow for the metabolic analysis of three-dimensional cultures by Seahorse XFe96 technology, an extracellular flux analyzer that simultaneously measures the Oxygen Consumption Rate (OCR) and the Extracellular Acidification Rate (ECAR) of living cells. The optimization of the spheroid formation protocol enabled the production of spheroids highly regular in shape and homogenous in size, dramatically reducing variability in the OCR and ECAR measurements among the experimental technical replicates, both under basal and drug treatment conditions. Furthermore, the normalization on a per-cell basis allowed us to directly compare these metabolic parameters between spheroids of different sizes and between 2D and 3D cultures, revealing that metabolic differences among the studied spheroids are mostly related to the cell line rather than to the size of the spheroid. Finally, we characterized energy metabolism and cellular properties associated with spreading and tumor progression of RT112 and 5637, two cell lines from Grade 2 human bladder cancer. Although the two cell lines displayed distinct metabolic and invasive properties, both exhibited sizable respiration, and the metformin treatment gave a global downregulation of the proliferation, migration, and the ability to form spheroids. Altogether, the findings of this thesis open new research perspectives for identifying novel potential therapeutic targets against cancer, getting closer toward the understanding of cancer metabolic plasticity that can be exploited for developing efficient therapeutic strategies for the treatment of oncologic patients.
Di, Ruscio Giulia. « L'enzima Nicotinamide N-metiltrasferasi : un nuovo marker diagnostico e target terapeutico nel carcinoma uroteliale della vescica ». Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/242514.
Texte intégralNicotinamide N-methyltransferase: a novel diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for bladder urothelial carcinoma. Bladder urothelial carcinoma represents one of the most common urologic malignancies and is a major cause of cancer-related death. Although cystoscopy and urine cytology represent the “gold standard” methods for detection and monitoring of this neoplasm, both procedures have limitations. Therefore, the identification of reliable biomarkers for early and non-invasive detection of bladder cancer are urgently required. The present study is focused on the enzyme nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT). We first analyzed gene expression profiles of tumor and normal tissue samples obtained from the same patient affected with bladder cancer. The enzyme NNMT was identified as a highly expressed gene in tumor compared with control. Therefore, we evaluated NNMT expression in 28 patients with bladder cancer. NNMT mRNA and protein levels were significantly higher in bladder cancer compared to adjacent normal tissue. In addition, NNMT expression levels were evaluated in urinary exfoliated cells obtained from 55 patients with bladder cancer and 107 healthy donors, using Real-Time PCR. Results showed that urinary NNMT expression was significantly higher in bladder cancer patients compared with controls. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses revealed the excellent diagnostic accuracy of a urine-based NNMT test and the best cut-off value to discriminate bladder cancer patients from healthy subjects. Data reported in the current study suggest that NNMT could represent a molecular biomarker of bladder cancer and could be used for the development of a urine-based test for the early and non-invasive detection of this tumor.
Sousa, Carlos Alberto Palmeira de. « Estudo comparativo entre o carcinoma urotelial da bexiga no Homem e o carcinoma urotelial induzido quimicamente em roedores (murganho e rato) ». Doctoral thesis, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/45663.
Texte intégralSousa, Carlos Alberto Palmeira de. « Estudo comparativo entre o carcinoma urotelial da bexiga no Homem e o carcinoma urotelial induzido quimicamente em roedores (murganho e rato) ». Tese, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/45663.
Texte intégralPereira, Carla Sofia Domingues. « Via de sinalização mTOR no carcinoma urotelial da bexiga ». Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/4673.
Texte intégralMundialmente, o cancro da bexiga (CB) é o 7º tipo de cancro mais frequente em homens e o 17 º mais frequente em mulheres. É uma doença com etiologia multifatorial associada a vários agentes ambientais e genéticos, dos quais o tabagismo é o fator de risco mais importante. Os carcinomas uroteliais da bexiga (CUBs) são geralmente superficiais em 70% a 80% dos pacientes e invasores em 20% a 30%. Os CUBs não-invasores têm uma alta taxa de recorrência e progressão e os invasores e metastáticos representam a principal causa de morbidade e mortalidade entre os pacientes com CB. A via fosfatidilinositol-3cinase (PI3K) /AKT (Proteína cinase b) -alvo da rapamicina em mamíferos (m-TOR) é uma importante via envolvida no crescimento celular, tumorogénese, invasão celular e resposta a drogas. Esta via é frequentemente ativada em muitas neoplasias e o descontrolo da sinalização PI3K-AKT-mTOR no CB pode contribuir para o crescimento do tumor, angiogénese e metastização. Neste trabalho, foram estudados 96 casos de tumores diagnosticados como CUBs de vários graus e estádios e foi avaliada a imunoexpressão do phospho-mTOR (Ser2448) e do phospho-S6 (Ser235/236). Em relação à expressão do p-mTOR verificou-se que mais de 50% dos casos de CUB não apresentavam ou apresentavam uma baixa expressão desta proteína sendo que não foi encontrada associação deste com estádio ou grau de diferenciação tumoral. Em relação à proteína p-S6 a sua expressão nos CUB foi igualmente nula ou baixa, no entanto encontrou-se uma associação estatisticamente significativa com o estádio e grau de diferenciação, em duas formas de avaliação qualitativa. Estes dois marcadores imunohistoquímicos, quando analisados em conjunto apresentaram uma correlação positiva moderada nos CUB, no entanto, estudos futuros são necessários para avaliar a sua validade como marcadores biológicos e, eventualmente, alvos terapêuticos. Worldwide, bladder cancer (BC) is the 7th most frequent type of cancer in men and the 17th most common in women. It is a disease with multifactorial etiology associated with multiple genetic and environmental agents, of which smoking is the most important risk factor. The urothelial carcinomas of the bladder (CUBs) are generally superficial in 70% to 80% of patients and invasive in 20% to 30%. The non-invasive CUBs have a high rate of recurrence and progression, and the metastatic and invaders ones are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among patients with CB. The 3 cinase via phosphatidylinositol PI3K/AKT (cinase protein b) target of rapamycin in mammals (m-TOR) is an important pathway involved in cell growth, tumorigenesis, cell invasion and drug response. This pathway is frequently activated in many tumors and uncontrollable signaling PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in BC may contribute to tumor growth, angiogenesis and metastasis. In this study, 96 cases of tumors diagnosed as CUBs of various grades and stages were studied, and it was evaluated the immunoreactivity of phospho-mTOR (Ser2448) and phospho-S6 (Ser235/236). Concerning the p-mTOR expression, it was observed that more than 50% of CUB didn`t express or had a low expression of this protein, and it wasn`t found any association between this and the state or grade of the tumor. In what concerns the p-S6 protein, it was equally low or absent its expression in the CUB, although it was found a statistical association with the state and grade of the tumor, in two forms of qualitative evaluation. When analyzed, together, these two markers presented a positive moderated correlation in the CUB, however future studies are necessary to access its validity as biological markers and, eventually, therapeutic targets.
Mota, Filipa Dias Alves da. « Carcinoma urotelial da bexiga e via de sinalização mTOR ». Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/3742.
Texte intégralO carcinoma da bexiga é o quinto tumor maligno mais comum, representando cerca de 3,2% de todos os cancros no mundo. A sua patogénese envolve alterações genéticas somáticas induzidas por agentes carcinogéneos ambientais, tais como o tabaco, as aminas aromáticas ou o arsénio. Apesar da caracterização elaborada dos fatores de risco, o carcinoma da bexiga ainda é um problema epidemiológico importante, cuja incidência continua a aumentar a cada ano. A carcinogénese pode ocorrer através da ativação de protooncogenes ou através da perda de genes supressores de tumor, ambos os quais têm sido documentados no carcinoma urotelial (CUB). O CUB, a forma mais comum de carcinoma da bexiga pode ser não-invasor ou invasor, Apesar do carcinoma da bexiga recidivar frequentemente, apresentam um baixo risco de progressão para a doença invasiva e um prognóstico geral favorável. Em contraste, os CUB invasivos caracterizam-se por serem uma doença agressiva, muitas vezes com uma taxa de sobrevida de 5 anos reduzida, apesar do tratamento com cistectomia radical e quimioterapia adjuvante. Ainda que se tenha evoluído nas estratégias cirúrgicas e quimioterapêuticas, a sobrevida na doença invasiva e metastática não apresentou melhorias significativas nas últimas décadas, desde a introdução do BCG na década de 1970 e do MVAC na década de 1980. Neste contexto urge a necessidade de novos alvos terapêuticos. A proteína alvo da rapamicina nos mamíferos (mTOR) desempenha um papel importante na regulação da tradução de proteínas, crescimento celular e metabolismo. Alterações nesta via de sinalização são comuns no cancro (amplificação/mutação da PI3K, perda de função do PTEN, sobrexpressão do AKT e amplificação/sobrexpressão do S6K1 e eIF4E), e, portanto, o mTOR constitui um alvo terapêutico cada vez mais relevante noâmbito destadoença. A rapamicina e os seus análogos provaram ser benéficos como agentes anticancerígenos, numa ampla gama e ensaios pré-clínicos, isoladamente ou combinados com outros inibidores de outras vias de sinalização, como terapêutica para vários tipos de cancro. No entanto, são necessários mais estudos para validar o mTOR como agente terapêutico para o carcinoma da bexiga. Bladder carcinoma is the fifth most common malignancy, accounting for about 3.2% of all cancers worldwide. Its pathogenesis involves somatic genetic changes induced by environmental carcinogens such as tobacco, aromatic amines or arsenic. Despite the characterization established risk factors, carcinoma of the bladder is still an important epidemiologic problem whose incidence continues to increase every year. Carcinogenesis may occur through activation of protooncogenes or through loss of tu-mor suppressor genes, both of which have been documented in urothelial carcinoma (CUB). CUB, the most common form of bladder carcinoma, is divided into noninvasive and invasive with non-invasive lesions divided into low and high grade. Despite frequente reccurences, these injuries often have a low risk of progression to invasive disease and a generally favorable prognosis. In contrast, the invasive subtipe of CUB is characterized as being an aggressive disease, often with a reduced 5-year survival, de-spite treatment with adjuvant chemotherapy and radical cystectomy. Although its sur-gical and chemotherapeutic strategies have evolved, survival in invasive and metastatic disease showed no significant improvements in the last decades, since the introduction of BCG in the 1970s and in the 1980s MVAC. In this context there is an urgent need for new therapeutic targets. Protein mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) plays an important role in the regula-tion of protein translation, cell growth and metabolism. Changes in this signaling path-way are common in cancer (amplification / mutation of PI3K, loss of PTEN function, overexpression of AKT and amplification / overexpression of S6K1 and eIF4E) and thus mTOR is an increasingly important therapeutic target in this disease. Rapamycin and its analogs proved to be beneficial as anticancer agents in a broad range in preclinical trials, alone or combined with other inhibitors of other signaling path-ways, such as therapy for various cancers. However, more studies are needed to validate mTOR as a therapeutic agent for bladder carcinoma.
Laranjeira, Paulo Jorge de Oliveira. « Plasticidade mitocondrial no catabolismo muscular associado ao carcinoma urotelial ». Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/21222.
Texte intégralA caquexia associada ao cancro é uma síndrome multifatorial que representa um grande desafio em oncologia clínica. Esta síndrome é caracterizada por uma perda de peso significativa, principalmente devido ao catabolismo acentuado na massa muscular esquelética e, por isso, tem um impacto negativo na qualidade de vida, na tolerância à terapêutica e no tempo de sobrevivência dos pacientes. A disfunção mitocondrial tem sido sugerida como um evento precoce associado à atrofia muscular induzida pelo cancro. Mais especificamente, o comprometimento do turnover mitocondrial (biogénese, dinâmica e mitofagia), a diminuição da síntese de ATP, aumento do stresse oxidativo e um aumento da suscetibilidade à apoptose parecem mediar a disfunção contrátil e o catabolismo muscular subjacentes à caquexia associada ao cancro. O exercício físico tem vindo a ser estudado como uma abordagem terapêutica, devido aos seus efeitos potencialmente benéficos advindos da adaptação mitocondrial e muscular na caquexia associada ao cancro. No sentido de averiguar o efeito do cancro e do exercício físico terapêutico na adaptação muscular esquelética, foi usado um modelo animal de carcinoma urotelial induzido por exposição a BBN e submetido a 13 semanas de corrida em tapete rolante após o diagnóstico. Constatou-se um decréscimo do peso corporal nos animais expostos a BBN, indicativo de caquexia. Paralelamente, ocorreu uma diminuiçao da área da secção transversal do músculo gastrocnemius e aumento de fibrose intersticial, sugestivos de um perfil inflamatório generalizado e catabolismo muscular, atenuados com a prática de exercício físico. Para além disso, o carcinoma urotelial promoveu a disfunção mitocondrial ao nível do sistema de fosforilação oxidativa, diminuindo a expressão de subunidades dos complexos I e II da OXPHOS e a capacidade de síntese de ATP. Verificou-se de igual modo um comprometimento da biogénese mitocondrial, traduzida por uma redução nos níveis de PGC-1α e Tfam, sem impacto na (auto)mitofagia. O exercício físico realizado após o diagnóstico promoveu o restabelecimento da síntese de ATP e da expressão de subunidades dos complexos I e II da OXPHOS, para além de aumentar os marcadores da biogénese mitocondrial (incluindo a Sirt3), assim como da mitofagia (com envolvimento da Bnip3). Os resultados obtidos indicam que a prática de exercício físico após o diagnóstico promove uma remodelação benéfica ao nível do músculo gastrocnemius por regular a plasticidade mitocondrial nos animais com caquexia associada ao cancro. Deste modo, evidências obtidas no presente estudo suportam a recomendação da prática de exercício físico a pacientes oncológicos.
Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome that presents a great challenge in clinical oncology. This syndrome is characterized by significant weight loss, mainly due to severe skeletal muscle wasting, which has a negative impact on quality of life, tolerance to treatment and life expectancy of patients. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been suggested as an early event associated with cancer induced muscle atrophy. Specifically, impaired mitochondrial turnover (biogenesis, dynamics and mitophagy), reduced ATP synthesis, higher levels of oxidative stress and higher susceptibility to apoptosis seem to compromise muscle contraction and promote catabolism associated with cancer cachexia. Recently, exercise training has been studied as a therapeutic approach due to its potentially beneficial effects in mitochondrial and muscle adaptation in cancer cachexia. In order to determine the impact of cancer and exercise training in skeletal muscle adaptation, an animal model of bladder cancer induced by exposure to BBN was submitted to 13 weeks of treadmill running after the establishment of the disease. Bladder cancer alone promoted a decrease in total body weight, suggesting the presence of cachexia. At the same time, a reduction in the cross sectional area of gastrocnemius muscle and an increase in interstitial fibrosis were noticed, suggesting an inflammatory profile and catabolism, which were attenuated by exercise training. Moreover, bladder cancer compromised oxidative phosphorylation in muscle mitochondria, reducing the levels of complex I and II OXPHOS subunits and causing impaired ATP synthesis. Mitochondrial biogenesis was reduced, evidenced by lower levels of PGC-1α and Tfam, without impact in (auto)mitophagy. Exercise training promoted the reestablishment of ATP synthesis and the expression of complex I and II OXPHOS subunits, as well as an increase in mitochondrial biogenesis markers (including Sirt3) and mitophagy (through Bnip3). Present data highlight the beneficial effects of endurance exercise on cancer cachexia-related muscle remodeling through the regulation of mitochondrial plasticity. As such, our data support the recommendation of physical activity to cancer patients for the management of cachexia.
Júnior, Nelson Gaspar Dip. « Análise de expressão de micro RNA em carcinoma urotelial de bexiga ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5153/tde-10102012-100047/.
Texte intégralIntroduction: Bladder cancer (BC) is the second most common malignancy of the urinary tract, with 386,000 cases estimated and 150,000 deaths in 2011. Urothelial carcinomas (UC) represent 95% of BC cases, and knowledge of the molecular pathways associated with BC carcinogenesis is crucial to identify new diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, and development of new target molecular therapies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNA molecules that play important roles in the regulation of gene expression by acting directly on mRNAs, leading to either mRNA degradation or inhibition of translation, involved in many physiological and pathological processes, including cancer. Objectives: To characterize miRNAs expression profiles in UC, associating with classic prognostic factors: grade and stage. Moreover, correlate miRNA expression with tumor recurrence and survival. Material and Methods: Fourteen miRNAs (miR-100, miR-10a, miR-21, miR-205, miR-let7c, miR-125b, miR-143, miR-145, miR-221, miR-223, miR-15a, miR-16-1, miR- 199a e miR-452) were isolated from surgical specimens from 60 patients classified in two groups: 30 patients with low-grade non-invasive pTa UC that underwent TURB, 30 with high-grade invasive pT2/pT3 UC underwent radical cystectomy. The control group consists in five normal bladder tissue taken from patients that underwent retropubic prostatectomy to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). miRNA processing involved three phases: (1) miRNA extraction by specific kits, (2) cDNA generation (3) miRNA amplification through qRT-PCR. Expression profiles were obtained by relative quantification determined by 2-ct method. Endogenous control were RNU-43 and RNU-48. Statistic tests were used to study the prognostic variables and Kaplan-Meyer curves were constructed to analyze disease-free (DFS) and disease-specific (DSS) survivals. Results: All miRNAs were underexpressed in both groups, except miR-10a in pTa and miR-100, 21 and 205 in pT2/pT3 tumors, that where over-expressed. miR-100, miR-21, miR-10a and miR-205 differentialy expressed in both groups and this differences were statistically significant. The Kaplan-Meyer survival curves showed that higher levels of miR-21 were related to shorter DFS for pTa group. Also, higher levels of miR-10a and miR-145 were associated with shorter DFS and higher levels of miR-10a were also related to shorter DSS in pT2/pT3 group. Conclusions: The majority of miRNA were shown to be underexpressed in bladder UC. miR-100, miR-10a, miR-21 and miR-205 were differentially expressed considering tumor grade and stage. The miRNA profile was able to distinguish pTa low grade and pT2-3 high grade tumors. Higher levels of miR- 21 were related to shorter DFS in pTa, while higher levels of miR-10a were associated with shorter DFS and DSS in pT2-3, high grade UC
Montalbo, Calafell Ruth. « Estudi del carcinoma urotelial. Identificació de biomarcadors amb valor diagnòstic i pronòstic ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667537.
Texte intégralThis thesis is a contribution to the study of urothelial carcinoma (UC) in the upper urinary tract and in the bladder. It focuses on the search for diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in these tumors with potential utility in daily clinical practice. Urothelial carcinoma is a neoplastic disease that originates in the urothelium. The most frequent location is the bladder (90%), followed by the upper urinary tract (5-10%) and finally the urethra (1%). It is the ninth most frequent tumor on a global level, and in the European Union, it is ranked fifth in incidence. Urothelial carcinoma of upper urinary tract is a tumor of poor prognosis. In these patients, survival at 5 years does not reach 50% for those with pT2 and/or pT3 and less than 10% for pT4. Nowadays, pathological stage and histological grade are the most commonly used prognostic factors in clinical practice, although they are insufficient to predict the evolution of the disease in an individualized way, since patients with the same tumor phenotype present different follow up. The gold standard for diagnosis and monitoring of bladder cancer is cystoscopy combined in some cases with urinary cytology. Cystoscopy is an invasive, uncomfortable and painful method for patients. The non-invasive method, cytology, has a low sensitivity, especially in low-grade tumors. Consequently, the identification of biomarkers in UC is of great importance to improve different aspects of their diagnosis, prognosis or prediction of the response to treatments. None of the biomarkers described in recent years has been implemented in daily clinical practice yet. In this thesis, on the one hand, prognostic biomarkers for Upper Tact Urothelial Carcinoma are identified and validated in tissue and in serum and on the other hand, a new gene expression signature with high accuracy for the diagnosis and surveillance of bladder cancer is also described. Finally, the utility of an additional analysis in the follow up of patients with cytology suspicious for UC is investigated.
Matheus, Wagner Eduardo. « Avaliação do uso de BCG intravesical na prevenção de recidiva do carcinoma urotelial de bexiga ». [s.n.], 2001. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/309274.
Texte intégralDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-27T16:22:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Matheus_WagnerEduardo_M.pdf: 9690090 bytes, checksum: c360620812517ab9e47fde081043552f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001
Resumo: o carcinoma urotelial superficial de bexiga é uma neoplasia que apresenta altas taxas de recorrência, se um tratamento complementar não for associado à ressecção completa do tumor. Dentre as alternativas terapêuticas, o BCG intravesicaltem sido o agente mais utilizado, com a finalidade de prevenir recidivas, progressão e aumentar a taxa de sobrevida dos pacientes com tumor de bexiga. o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia, a longo prazo, da imunoterapia intravesical com BCG, descrever sua toxicidade, analisar fatores de risco do Carcinoma de Células Transicionais (CCT) superficial, tais como: tamanho tumoral, multifocalidade, estadiamento inicial e presença de carcinoma in situ (CIS), e também, correlacionar esses fatores de risco com recidiva tumoral, progressão histológica e realização de cistectomia radical. Nesse estudo, foram analisados 46 pacientes com diagnóstico de CCT superficial de bexiga e que foram submetidos ao tratamento de imunoterapia intravesical com BCG, no período de junho de 1988 a janeiro de 2000. Vinte e dois pacientes (48%) estavam livres de tumor, após o primeiro ciclo de BCG, 37 pacientes (80%), após o segundo ciclo, 41 pacientes (89%), após o terceiro ciclo, e 42 pacientes (91%), após o quarto ciclo. A taxa total de progressão para doença invasiva foi de 9% (4 pacientes). Complicações severas foram observadas em 4 pacientes (9%): 2 casos de hematúria, 1 de orquiepididimite e 1 de febre por mais de 24 horas. A presença de múltiplas lesões tumorais e o tamanho do tumor não apresentaram correlação com o prognóstico desses pacientes. Os tumores que evoluíram para cistectomia radical apresentaram estadiamentos iniciais PTIG2 ou PTIG3. A presença de carcinoma in situ indicou maior chance de recidiva, progressão e evolução para cistectomia radical. A análise dos resultados permitiu as seguintes conclusões: o BCG apresenta uma boa eficácia no tratamento complementar de CCT superficial; o uso do BCG está associado a um baixo índice de complicações severas; os fatores prognósticos mais importantes, na evolução clínica do tumor de bexiga, são estadiamento, grau histológico e carcinoma in situo
Abstract: The bladder superficial urotelial carcinoma is a neoplasy tOOthas shown high recurrence rates if a complementary treatment is not associated to the thorough resection of such tumor. BCG intravesical has been the most applied agent for the prevention either of the recurrences or progression and also for prolonging life of patients suffering ftom bladder cancer. Goal: Analysing effectiveness of the intravesical immunotherapy with BCG and describing its toxicity in the long termo Also analysing the risk factor of superficial CCT, such as: tumor sÍZe, multiplicity, initial staging and presence of cis, establishing a relationship among tumoral recurrences, histological progression and radical cistectomy. Methods and Material: 46 patients with b1adder superficial CCT diagnosis OOve been analysed prospectively and submitted to intravesical uno therapy treatment with BCG, ftom june 1988 to january 2000. Results: The number of patients without a tumor, afier the fust cycIe of BCG was 22 (48%), afier second was 37 (80%), afier third was 41 (89%), afier the forth was 42 (91%) and the total rate of advancing for invasive diasease was 4 (9%). Serious complications OOvebeen observed in 4 patients (9%). Two cases ofhematuria, 1 case of orchiepididymitis and 1 case of fever for over 24 hours. The presence of multiple tumorallesions and sÍZeof tumors OOd no correlation with the prognosis. Tumors which advanced to radical cistectomy showed initial staging pTIG2 or pTIG3. The presence of carcinoma in situ has indicated a greater chance of recurrences, progression and development to radical cistectomy. Conclusion: BCG has showed a good eifectiveness as a complementary treatment for superficial CCT and also a low toxicity. The most significant prognostic factors on the clinicaldevelopment ofbladder tumor are staging, histological grade and carcinoma in situo
Mestrado
Mestre em Cirurgia
Nascimento, e. Pontes Merielen Garcia [UNESP]. « Ganhos e perdas genômicas em momentos sucessivos do carcinoma urotelial de bexiga humana ». Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104572.
Texte intégralConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Toxicam
Urinary bladder carcinomas (UBC) frequently recur. During the intervals “free‐ofneoplasia”, between the initially diagnosed tumor and its recurrences, there are not undisputable histological alterations in the mucosa, although some studies have reported DNA damage in urothelial cells. In order to understand developmental characteristics of UBC, primary tumors and their recurrences were cytogenetically evaluated for their genomic expression by High Resolution Comparative Genomic Hybridization (HR‐CGH). Tumors and their respective recurrences, six low‐grade (LG) and five high‐grade (HG) cases, provided 20 tissue samples that were submitted to laser microdissection capture followed by HR‐CGH. HR‐CGH profiles had two different analyses – all tumors altogether or classified according to their respective histological grades. Both comparisons showed high frequency (80%) of gains in 11p12 and losses in 16p12, in agreement with the literature that indicate alterations of 11p and 16p in UBC recurrences. These findings suggest that those chromosome regions contain putative oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes critical for urinary bladder carcinogenesis. Within a same patient genomic profile showed high agreement between tumors and their respective recurrences, i.e., tumors from the same patient showed a large number of common losses and gains. The high similarities of genomic alterations in successive tumors from the same patient suggest that a stable genomic profile was established in UBCs and their recurrences. Besides, during the “free‐of‐neoplasia” intervals, negative urinary bladder washes were submitted to Fluorescent in situ Hybridization (FISH) to detect quantitative alterations in centromeres 7 (n=21 samples), 17 (n= 21) and 9p21 (n=36). No numerical alterations... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Matheus, Wagner Eduardo. « Carcinoma urotelial invasivo de bexiga primario versus progressivo : analise multicentrica de sobrevida global ». [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/312203.
Texte intégralTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T15:47:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Matheus_WagnerEduardo_D.pdf: 1544170 bytes, checksum: b8c2ff3d48db298c2b90e9243e4fad82 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007
Resumo: O melhor tratamento para o carcinoma urotelial invasivo de bexiga é a cirurgia de cistectomia radical. O objetivo principal desse estudo foi de comparar a taxa de sobrevida global dos tumores músculo invasivos primários dos tumores invasivos progressivos. O objetivo secundário foi comparar a taxa de sobrevida global dos subgrupos pT3/4, acometimento linfonodal e presença de metástases, dos tumores primários e invasivos. Nesse estudo multicêntrico retrospectivo, foram avaliados 242 pacientes submetidos à cistectomia radical, no período de 1992 a 2005, para tratamento de carcinoma urotelial invasivo de bexiga. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos: Grupo I ¿ 185 pacientes com tumor invasivo primário e Grupo II - 57 pacientes com carcinoma urotelial invasivo progressivo. Além disso, conforme achados histopatológicos, ambos os grupos foram divididos em subgrupos: pT2 (invasão de musculatura vesical), pT3/4 (invasão de gordura perivesical e órgãos ou tecidos adjacentes), N+ (acometimento de linfonodos) e M+ (presença de metástases). Para análise estatística foram aplicados os testes de qui-quadrado, Mann-Whitney, Kaplan-Meier e Wilcoxon (Breslow). A média e mediana de seguimento foram de 98 e 90 meses para o Grupo I, e 96 e 88 meses para o Grupo II, respectivamente, e sem diferença estatística significativa (p = 0.0734). No seguimento, foram observadas as seguintes taxas de sobrevida global: no primeiro ano, 77% para o Grupo I e 84% para o Grupo II; no terceiro ano, 59% e 74% e, no quinto ano, 52% e 58% para os grupos I e II, respectivamente, sem diferença estatística significativa. Quando analisados separadamente, os três subgrupos: tumores PT3/T4, acometimento linfonodal e presença de metástases, também não foram observadas diferenças estatísticas significativas nos grupos I e II. No presente estudo, não houve diferença significativa de sobrevida global dos pacientes portadores de tumores vesicais invasivos primários e progressivos, no seguimento de cinco anos. Também não houve diferença significativa na sobrevida global, quando analisados separadamente os subgrupos: PT3/4, com acometimento linfonodal e presença de metástases
Abstract: The best treatment for all-invasive bladder cancer is radical cystectomy. The main purpose of this study was to compare the overall survival rate of primary muscle-invasive urothelialbladder carcinoma (UC) to the progressive muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma. A secondary aim was to compare the survival rate of the subgroups pT3/4, lymph nodes involvement and the presence of metastasis in primary and invasive bladder carcinomas. A retrospective multicentric analysis was performed studying a total of 242 patients who underwent radical cystectomy for invasive TCCB from 1992 to 2005. The patients were divided into two groups. There were 185 patients in Group I with progressive invasive TCCB, while Group II had 57 patients with primary invasive TCCB. Both groups were further divided according to the pathological findings in pT2 (muscle invasion), pT3/4 (perivesical fat and/or adjacent organs/structure invasion), N+ (positive lymphaticnodes) and M+ (distant organ metastasis). Several tests were employed for the statistical analysis: qui-square, Mann-Whitney, Kaplan-Meier method and Wilcoxon (Breslow). The average and median follow-ups were, respectively, 98 and 90 months in Group I and 96 and 88 months in Group II, without a significant statistical difference (p = 0.0734). The 1-year survival rate was 77% in Group I and 84% in Group II. After 3 years of follow-up the survival rate fell to 59% in Group I and 74% in Group II. Finally, the 5-year survival rate was 52% in Group I and 58% in Group II, without a significant statistical difference. When the three subgroups were analyzed separately for tumors pT3/T4, invasivelymphatic nodes and the presence of metastasis, no significant statistical differences were found in either Group I or Group II. In the present study, patients with primary invasive and progressive invasive TCCB showed a similar 5-year global survival rate. Pathological stage (PT, N and M) and patient demography did not interfere with the results
Doutorado
Cirurgia
Doutor em Cirurgia
Nascimento, e. Pontes Merielen Garcia. « Ganhos e perdas genômicas em momentos sucessivos do carcinoma urotelial de bexiga humana / ». Botucatu, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104572.
Texte intégralCoorientador: Silvia Regina Rogatto
Banca: Claudia Aparecida Rainho
Banca: Mônica Vannucci Nunes Lipay
Banca: Carlos Márcio Nóbrega de Jesus
Banca: Leopoldo Alves Ribeiro Filho
Resumo: Não disponível
Abstract: Urinary bladder carcinomas (UBC) frequently recur. During the intervals "free‐ofneoplasia", between the initially diagnosed tumor and its recurrences, there are not undisputable histological alterations in the mucosa, although some studies have reported DNA damage in urothelial cells. In order to understand developmental characteristics of UBC, primary tumors and their recurrences were cytogenetically evaluated for their genomic expression by High Resolution Comparative Genomic Hybridization (HR‐CGH). Tumors and their respective recurrences, six low‐grade (LG) and five high‐grade (HG) cases, provided 20 tissue samples that were submitted to laser microdissection capture followed by HR‐CGH. HR‐CGH profiles had two different analyses - all tumors altogether or classified according to their respective histological grades. Both comparisons showed high frequency (80%) of gains in 11p12 and losses in 16p12, in agreement with the literature that indicate alterations of 11p and 16p in UBC recurrences. These findings suggest that those chromosome regions contain putative oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes critical for urinary bladder carcinogenesis. Within a same patient genomic profile showed high agreement between tumors and their respective recurrences, i.e., tumors from the same patient showed a large number of common losses and gains. The high similarities of genomic alterations in successive tumors from the same patient suggest that a stable genomic profile was established in UBCs and their recurrences. Besides, during the "free‐of‐neoplasia" intervals, negative urinary bladder washes were submitted to Fluorescent in situ Hybridization (FISH) to detect quantitative alterations in centromeres 7 (n=21 samples), 17 (n= 21) and 9p21 (n=36). No numerical alterations... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
Berger, André Kives. « Nefroureterectomia radical laparoscópica para carcinoma urotelial do trato urinário superior : desfechos oncológicos em 7 anos ». reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/69637.
Texte intégralSávio, André Luiz Ventura. « Carcinoma urotelial estudo de modificações pós-transcricionais e de proteínas de ligação ao rna / ». Botucatu, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/181145.
Texte intégralResumo: O carcinoma urotelial representa um dos tipos mais comuns de neoplasias urinárias, apresentando altas taxas de recorrência, agressividade e progressão para doença músculo- invasiva. Devido à complexidade dos sistemas biológicos, pouco é conhecido sobre os mecanismos moleculares responsáveis pelos carcinomas uroteliais. Nos últimos anos, a introdução de novas ferramentas de bioinformática permitiu identificar novas moléculas e mecanismos implicados na carcinogenese. Neste estudo foram feitas duas abordagens com o objetivo de identificar novos potenciais biomarcadores para tumores uroteliais de baixo e alto graus. Inicialmente, a partir de dados de sequenciamento de RNA, foram avaliados os níveis de expressão gênica e o perfil de splicing do mRNA em amostras tumorais obtidas do biorrepositório da Faculdade de Medicina da USP (FMUSP). Os dados mostraram que os tumores de baixo e alto graus, comparados com tecido saudável de bexiga, apresentavam alteração na expressão em genes da via do TP53, e de splicing de mRNA de genes relacionados a ciclo celular, adesão, migração e processamento do RNA. Os tumores de alto grau, comparados aos de baixo grau, apresentavam aumento da expressão de genes relacionados à quimiotaxia (GREM1, S100A12, NR4A1, IL6, CCL20, CXCL8, S100A9, CXCL10, CXCL11 e CCL7) e a funções neuronais (EPHB2, CNTNAP2, KCNQ3, TENM2, RDH12, DPF1, SHISA9, SLC30A3, MME e MSI1). Além disso, foram identificadas, exclusivamente nos tumores de alto g... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Urothelial carcinoma represents one of the most common types of urinary neoplasms, with high rates of recurrence, aggressiveness and progression to invasive muscular disease. Due to the complexity of the biological systems, little is known about the molecular mechanisms responsible for urothelial carcinomas. In recent years, the increase of bioinformatics tools has enabled the identification of new molecules and molecular mechanisms involved in carcinogenesis. In this study, two approaches were conducted aiming to identify new potential biomarkers for low and high grades urothelial tumors. Initially, data from RNA sequencing showed the levels of gene expression and splicing profile for urothelial tumors (low and high grades) and normal bladder tissues obtained from the biorepository of the University of São Paulo Medical School (FMUSP), Brazil. The gene expression profiling demonstrated modulated expression in genes related to the TP53 pathway in both low and high grade tumors. In addition, the splicing data showed that the preferentially affected genes were those related to cell cycle, adhesion, migration and RNA processing. The high-grade tumors presented increased expression of genes related to chemotaxis (GREM1, S100A12, NR4A1, IL6, CCL20, CXCL8, S100A9, CXCL10, CXCL11 and CCL7) and neuronal functions (EPHB2, CNTNAP2, KCNQ3, TENM2, RDH12, DPF1, SHISA9, SLC30A3, MME and MSI1). Furthermore, splicing modification in transcriptional factors (GAS5, RPL10, RPL13A and RPL37A) wi... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
Marín, Aguilera Mercedes. « Estudio molecular y citogenético del carcinoma urotelial : Detección temprana de la enfermedad y de su diseminación ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/1137.
Texte intégralEl método estándar para la detección y seguimiento del CU se basa en la combinación de la citología urinaria y la cistoscopia. Sin embargo, la primera de estas técnicas presenta baja sensibilidad en la detección de tumores de estadio inical y bajo grado, mientras que la segunda es una técnica invasiva que además no es lo suficientemente sensible para detectar todas las lesiones de crecimiento plano.
Por otro lado, las técnicas histológicas convencionales para el diagnóstico de la diseminación linfática del CU no son lo suficientemente sensibles ya que alrededor del 50% de pacientes sometidos a cirugía radical con linfadenectomía N0, fallecen antes de los 5 años post-cirugía. Estos datos sugieren que existe una diseminación tumoral antes de la cirugía que no es detectada mediante estas técnicas histológicas.
Debido a la elevada prevalencia y gravedad de la enfermedad, a la invasividad de las pautas utilizadas en su diagnóstico y a la falta de métodos de estadiaje refinados, el desarrollo de nuevos sistemas diagnósticos que permitan una detección temprana tanto del CU inicial como de sus recidivas y de su diseminación es esencial para mejorar la calidad de vida y el pronóstico de los pacientes con esta enfermedad.
En el presente trabajo se ha evaluado la utilidad de la técnica "fluorescence in situ hibridization" (FISH) en el diagnóstico no invasivo del Cu de bajo estadio, en el diagnóstico no invasivo del CU localizado en el tracto urnario superior (TUS) y en el pronóstico de pacientes con CU de alto riesgo de recurrencia y progresión, tratados mediante inmunoterapia con el bacilo de Calmette Guérin (BCG). Por otro lado se ha intentado detectar la presencia de micrometástasis linfáticas así como de diseminación sanguínea del CU, mediante marcadores moleculares en pacientes sometidos a cistectomía y linfadenectomía radical.
Los resultados obtenidos indican que la técnica FISH basada en los cromosomas 3, 7, 9 y 17 presenta mayor sensibilidad que la citología urinaria, y una similar especificidad equivalente en la detección del CU no músculo-infiltrante, así como en la detección del CU localizado en el TUS. La naturaleza no invasiva de este ensayo así como su elevada sensibilidad y especificidad podrían contribuir a mejorar el actual diagnóstico/seguimiento del CU en estas localizaciones. Otro resultado interesante fue que los pacientes con un resultado positivo de FISH tras la terapia BCG tienen mayor probabilidad de presentar una recurrencia del tumor. Así, la técnica FISH parece ser útil en el seguimiento de los pacientes con un tumor no músculo-infiltrante de alto riesgo de recurrencia y progresión sometidos a terapia BCG. Finalmente, se observó que la utilización de marcadores moleculares permite mejorar la sensibilidad del análisis histopatológico en la detección de la diseminación linfática tumoral y que la linfadenectomía juega un importante papel curativo eliminando la enfermedad microdiseminada. Sin embargo, el análisis de la expresión génica en muestras de sangre periférica no es adecuado para seleccionar a aquellos pacientes que desarrollarán metástasis detectables clínicamente, aunque sí permite distinguir entre pacientes con CU de controles sanos.
Cystoscopy and cytology are the standard methods to detect and monitor urothelial carcinoma (UC). Cystoscopy is an invasive technique (especially to visualize the upper urinary tract or UUT) that has a high sensitivity, except in flat malignancies. Cytology has the advantage of being non-invasive with a high specificity, but it lacks sensitivity and produces high rates of suspicious cases, especially for low-stage and low-grade tumors. Another weak point in the clinical management of UC is the fact that current methodologies to detect disseminated UC lack sensitivity.
The aims of this study were: (1) to evaluate the performance of a multiprobe FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) assay for non-invasive detection of superficial UC in the bladder, in comparison to urinary cytology, (2) to assess the clinical utility of FISH as a non-invasive method for diagnosing and monitoring UC in UUT, (3) to evaluate the use of FISH for determining the response of patients with high-risk superficial bladder tumour (HRSBT) to bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy, (4) to identify and test potential mRNA markers of UC dissemination in lymph nodes, and to compare the performance of selected markers with patients' clinical outcome, and (5) to test the efficiency of such mRNA markers in detecting and monitoring UC haematogenous dissemination.
According to our results, FISH assay for chromosomes 3, 7, 9, and 17 has higher sensitivity than cytology and a similar specificity in the detection of superficial UC and UC at UUT, which could be useful for reducing some cystoscopies in the follow-up of these patients. Moreover, a high percentage of positive pre-BCG FISH results were obtained, suggesting the need for adjuvant therapy in patients with HRSBT after the transurethral resection. In addition, patients with a positive post-BCG FISH result were more likely to relapse after therapy. Thus, FISH appears to be useful for the surveillance of patients with HRSBT following BCG therapy.
Finally, using molecular markers it was possible to improve the sensitivity of LN histologic analysis. Also this methodology allowed distinguishing between UC patients and controls. However, despite its high sensitivity, it was not possible to monitor UC haematogenous dissemination.
Neto, Alcides Mosconi. « Análise da expressão de moléculas de adesão no carcinoma urotelial do trato urinário superior : implicações prognósticas ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5153/tde-22092011-114152/.
Texte intégralIntroduction: The cell adhesion molecules (CAM) participating in the interaction between epithelium and extracellular matrix (ECM) that are important for normal development of the cell. Some studies have shown that changes in the expression of CAM have implications in the process of carcinogenesis. We studied the E-cadherin and catenins expression profile by immunohistochemistry in patients with urothelial carcinoma of upper urinary tract underwent surgery. Materials and Methods: We evaluated specimens from 20 patients with urothelial carcinoma of renal pelvis and ureter treated with nephroureterectomy or ureterectomy between June 1997 and January 2007, all performed by one surgeon (MS). The expression of CAM was evaluated by tissue microarray technique (TMA). Results: We observed a relation between E-cadherin expression with disease recurrence. Tumors with strong expression of E-cadherin, 85.7% recurrence compared to 50.0% of those with moderate expression and 0.0% with weak expression (p = 0.014). There was also a difference in disease-free survival, and those with strong expression recurrence a median time of 49.1 months while those with moderate expression recurrence a median time of 83.9 months (p = 0.011). The absence of -catenin expression was associated with tumors larger than 3 cm (p = 0.003). Conclusions: We demonstrate that the immuno-expression of E-cadherin and -catenin are related to recurrence and tumor size in urothelial carcinoma of upper urinary tract, may be new prognostic markers in these disease
Galván, Pérez Ana Belén. « Utilidad de marcadores genéticos en el seguimiento de pacientes con antecedentes de carcinoma urotelial no músculo infiltrante ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/129274.
Texte intégralNon muscle-invasive urothelial cell carcinoma (NMIUCC) is associated with a high rate of recurrence (60-85%) and progression to high-grade lesions (10-30%) and therefore these patients must be monitored regularly. The gold standard for NMIUCC surveillance is cystoscopy in conjunction with urine cytology. Cystoscopy remains the primary mode of diagnosing and monitoring bladder cancer but the procedure is expensive, invasive and causes patient discomfort and anxiety. Cytology is non-invasive and offers high specificity although has low sensitivity in the diagnosis of low-grade papillary tumors. Meticulous surveillance is required for the early detection of recurrence and progression. For all these reasons, multiple non-invasive assays for the detection of NMIUCC recurrences have been developed. One of them is the UroVysionTM assay that is a multi-targeted fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) designed to detect chromosomal aberrations associated with bladder cancer: aneuploidies of chromosomes 3, 7 and 17, and loss of 9p21. The aim of the present study was to determine the FISH value in patients under surveillance for NMIUCC in a routine clinical setting. The main question to be addressed was whether FISH of voided urine specimens had the same ability that cystoscopy and cytology for detecting recurrences in NMIUCC patients. An unselected cohort of patients under surveillance for a previous history of NMIUCC was prospectively studied. A total of 248 examinations in 223 patients were analyzed. Each exploration consisted of cytological and FISH microscopic examination of voided urine samples and cystoscopy. The sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive value for tumor recurrence of all three techniques were determined. The sensitivities of FISH and cystoscopy were not significantly different (92.9% and 82.1%, respectively). The specificities of FISH and cystoscopy were 92.7% and 89.7%, respectively. The PPV and NPV of FISH were 53.5% and 97.2%, while those of cystoscopy were 63.4% and 98.9%. No significant differences were found between these two tests. In contrast, the sensitivity and specificity of cytology were 14.3% and 99.5%, respectively. In conclusion, FISH analysis has high sensitivity, specificity and predictive values for detecting recurrences in patients with NMIUCC, similar to those of cystoscopy. Given the lack of statistically significant differences in the FISH and cystoscopy results, we propose that FISH could be a useful monitoring tool in the surveillance of patients with a previous history of NMIUCC.
Marcondes, João Paulo De Castro [UNESP]. « Alterações cromossômicas em células uroteliais esfoliadas de pacientes com história de carcinoma de células transicionais ». Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95908.
Texte intégralCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
O carcinoma de células transicionais (CCT) da bexiga possui como principal característica o alto índice de recorrência (70% dos carcinomas superficiais). Desta forma, é necessário acompanhar rigorosa e periodicamente os pacientes acometidos por tal neoplasia, bem como empregar técnicas sensíveis para a detecção precoce da doença, tanto em pacientes submetidos à ressecção do tumor de bexiga, quanto em pacientes considerados como grupo de risco para o desenvolvimento do CCT. O presente estudo tem por objetivo utilizar o teste do micronúcleo como ferramenta para a avaliação de danos cromossômicos em células uroteliais obtidas por lavado vesical de pacientes com história de CCT. A freqüência de células uroteliais micronucleadas foi avaliada em 77 pacientes (não tabagistas, tabagistas atuais e ex-tabagistas) sem ou com história de CCT, mas com diagnóstico atual negativo para neoplasia. Foi detectado aumento significativo (P=0,003) de células micronucleadas somente nos pacientes não fumantes e com história de CCT, quando comparados aos indivíduos do grupo controle (não fumantes e sem história de CCT). Não foram detectados efeitos do tabagismo na freqüência de células micronucleadas, e nem associação desse hábito com o grau do tumor. Concluindo, indivíduos não tabagistas com história de neoplasia urotelial apresentaram freqüência aumentada de micronúcleos em células esfoliadas da bexiga, mesmo após a ressecção do tumor. Portanto, o epitélio citologicamente normal da bexiga de indivíduos com história de CCT, pode apresentar células geneticamente instáveis, que poderiam conferir um risco aumentado para desenvolvimento neoplásico.
The main feature of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is the high recurrences rates of superficial carcinomas. Therefore, patients must be monitored regularly by periodic cystoscopies. The employment of sensible techniques are important for detecting bladder cancer and early disease in patients undergoing tumor resection and individuals with high risk for tumor development. To evaluate whether cytogenetic disorders can be evolved in the tumor development and recurrences, the frequency of micronucleated cells (MNC) was established in non-neoplastic exfoliated bladder cells from patients with history of TCC. Seventy-seven patients with and without history of bladder cancer, either smokers or non-smokers, with current diagnosis negative for neoplasia were included. The results showed a significant increase (P < 0.01) of MNC in patients with history of TCC and non-smokers when compared to counterpart group (without history of TCC and non-smokers). However, the same association was not observed in patients with TCC and smokers and in patients without history of TTC and smokers. Furthermore, was not observed correlation between smoking habits and tumor grade. These results suggesting that non smokers with history of urothelial tumor had an increase of MNC even after tumor resection. Thus, the macroscopically normal looking urothelium of patients of history of TCC, still could be harbored genetically instable cells that can be related to high risk for neoplastic development.
Marcondes, João Paulo De Castro. « Alterações cromossômicas em células uroteliais esfoliadas de pacientes com história de carcinoma de células transicionais / ». Botucatu : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95908.
Texte intégralAbstract: The main feature of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is the high recurrences rates of superficial carcinomas. Therefore, patients must be monitored regularly by periodic cystoscopies. The employment of sensible techniques are important for detecting bladder cancer and early disease in patients undergoing tumor resection and individuals with high risk for tumor development. To evaluate whether cytogenetic disorders can be evolved in the tumor development and recurrences, the frequency of micronucleated cells (MNC) was established in non-neoplastic exfoliated bladder cells from patients with history of TCC. Seventy-seven patients with and without history of bladder cancer, either smokers or non-smokers, with current diagnosis negative for neoplasia were included. The results showed a significant increase (P < 0.01) of MNC in patients with history of TCC and non-smokers when compared to counterpart group (without history of TCC and non-smokers). However, the same association was not observed in patients with TCC and smokers and in patients without history of TTC and smokers. Furthermore, was not observed correlation between smoking habits and tumor grade. These results suggesting that non smokers with history of urothelial tumor had an increase of MNC even after tumor resection. Thus, the macroscopically normal looking urothelium of patients of history of TCC, still could be harbored genetically instable cells that can be related to high risk for neoplastic development.
Orientador: Maria Luiza Cotrim Sartor De Oliveira
Coorientador: Daizy Favero Salvatori
Banca: Mário Sérgio Montovani
Banca: Rosa Marlene Viero
Mestre
Mattedi, Romulo Loss. « Carcinomas uroteliais de bexiga : aspectos anatomopatológicos e imuno-histoquímicos. Pesquisa de metaloproteinases de matriz utilizando a técnica de tissue microarray (TMA) ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5144/tde-30082011-160347/.
Texte intégralOBJECTIVES: To study morphological features related to tumor progression in urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder and its association with immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) -2, -9 and -14 in epithelial and stromal cells of primary tumor and regional lymph node metastases. METHODS: Sixty-one cases of muscle-invasive or locally advanced urothelial carcinomas of the bladder operated on Clinic\'s Hospital of Faculty Medicine Sao Paulo University and the Cancer Institute of the State of Sao Paulo, with 34 cases showing regional lymph nodes metastases, were characterized regarding gender, age, tumor size, multifocality, histological grade, neoplastic type/configuration, papillary type, architectural pattern of invasive tumor, nuclear atypia, sarcomatoid component, squamous and glandular diffentiation, histological variants, lymphovascular and perineural invasion, carcinoma in situ, tumor stage, metastases to regional lymph nodes, metastases size and extranodal extension. Tissue samples of 1.0 mm were arranged in tissue microarrays blocks (TMA) for IHC detection of MMP-2, MMP-9 and MMP-14. The grading of expression of MMPs was determined to a semiquantitative scale from 0 (absence) to 20 (higher expression). The associations between the IHC global expression of MMPs, in epithelium and in stromal cells of the primary tumor and in the lymph node metastases with the morphological features were obtained through Pearson\'s chi-square (significant at p<0.05). RESULTS: Thirty-six, 57 and 60 cases of primary tumor were positive for MMP-2, MMP-9 and MMP-14 respectively. In the lymph nodes metastases, 20, 27 and 26 cases were positive for MMP-2, MMP-9 and MMP-14 respectively. The global IHC expression of MMP-2 in primary tumor has been associated with the architectural pattern of invasion (p=0.022). The expression in stromal cells were correlated with the degree of nuclear atypia (p=0.032) and the percentage of sarcomatoid component (p=0.003). The IHC expression of MMP-9 in primary tumor has been associated with squamous differentiation (p=0.033). The architectural pattern of invasion was related to the expression of MMP-9 in epithelium (p=0.043) and in the stroma (p=0.044). Expression of MMP-9 in the stroma was associated with the degree of nuclear atypia (p=0.031), sarcomatoid component (p=0.036) and the percentage of this component in primary tumor (p=0.013). The grouped tumoral stage pT2+pT3 vs pT4 showed association with MMP-9 expressed in epithelium (p=0.049). For MMP-14, the architectural pattern of invasion showed significant association with global IHC expression (p=0.022) and tumor epithelium (p=0.045). The percentage of sarcomatoid component related to the estromal expression of MMP-14 (p<0.001). Considering the IHC expression of MMPs in lymph nodes metastases, there was a significant association between MMP-9 with the type of histological variants (p=0.021) and the expression of MMP-14 with the percentage of sarcomatoid component in primary tumor (p=0.017). CONCLUSION: The study of IHC expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 and MMP-14 in bladder carcinoma samples arranged in TMA, both in epithelium and in stromal cells and regional lymph nodes metastases, demonstrated significant association with morphological features recognized as prognostically important for these tumors. These findings herald the importance of action of these enzymes in epithelialmesenchymal transition, providing basis for the understanding of tumoral progression and metastases in urothelial carcinoma
Agreda, Castañeda Fernando. « Evaluación de una prueba rápida de citoqueratinas 8 y 18 en orina para la detección del carcinoma urotelial vesical ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670320.
Texte intégralLa cistoscopia es el método habitual para el diagnóstico y vigilancia del tumor vesical (TV). Para realizar una cistoscopia se requiere personal entrenado, instrumentos especializados y un lugar adecuado. Este procedimiento no es indoloro y tiene riesgos inherentes. En las últimas 2 décadas se han buscado marcadores (proteínas, cambios celulares, genes) en orina que puedan reemplazar a la cistoscopia en el diagnóstico y la vigilancia del TV. Nuestro proyecto se focaliza en la vigilancia del TV. Primero realizamos una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura en marcadores urinarios utilizados en la vigilancia del TV. Una vez hecha la revisión, hemos escogido un ensayo para nuestro estudio. En la segunda parte, utilizando el ensayo que cuantifica la presencia de las citoqueratinas 8 y 18 en orina, se realiza un estudio prospectivo con el objetivo de mejorar el protocolo de vigilancia del TV
Cystoscopy is the usual method for the diagnosis and surveillance of bladder tumor (BT). Performing a cystoscopy requires trained personnel, specialized instruments, and a suitable location. This procedure is not painless and has inherent risks. In the last 2 decades, urine markers (proteins, cell changes, genes) have been tested aiming to replace cystoscopy in the diagnosis and surveillance of BT. Our project focuses on BT surveillance. We first performed a comprehensive review of the literature on urinary markers used in BT surveillance. After this review, we chose an assay for our study. In the second part, using the assay that quantifies the presence of cytokeratins 8 and 18 in urine, a prospective study was carried out with the aim of improving the TV surveillance protocol.
Piantino, Camila Belfort. « Estabelecimento de linhagens tumorais para estudos in vitro e in vivo de carcinoma urotelial da bexiga e adenocarcinoma de próstata ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5153/tde-06112009-140153/.
Texte intégralIntroduction: One of the main obstacles for understanding biological events involved in cancer is the lack of appropriated models for in vitro studies especially for prostate cancer (PC) and bladder cancer (BC). There are a limited number of PC and BC cell lines being the majority originated from metastatic and invasive tumors. Also it is well known that there are ethnic differences between populations concerning the behavior of tumors. In such a way, the research based on cell lines derived from a homogenous population should be source of limited results, not contemplating the diversity known to occur among different groups. In addition the commercial cell lines are generally acquired at American Tissue Cell Culture (ATCC) that although wellestablished requires importation processes with cost increase and bureaucratic demands that difficult the research. Therefore we consider vital to the comprehension of the carcinogenesis phenomena, as well as drug resistance studies, chemoprevention and new therapeutic strategies, the development of tumor lineages derived from primary tumors that assail our miscigenated population. At the present work, fragments of bladder urothelial carcinoma and prostate adenocarcinoma were obtained by surgical resection of primary tumors from patients treated and followed in the Division of Urology of the Clinical Hospital of the São Paulo University (FMUSP) and Syrian Lebanese Hospital. The cell lines established from these fragments were characterized through growth kinetic, immunocytochemistry and chromosome abnormalities including karyotyping and Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Moreover, the cell lines were submitted to chemosensitivity studies using curcumin and Prima-1 and analyzed regarding their tumorigenicity in athymic mice. The results of this work show the development of three BC and three PC cell lines that were not tumorigenic in athymic mice. Curcumin at 50 M concentration induced cell death in all studied lineages, being more effective in PC cell lines. Finally, PRIMA-1 reduced the cellular viability independent of the p53 status in BC cell lines
Piantino, Camila Belfort. « Análise do efeito do Prima-1 na expressão dos genes envolvidos na morte celular programada em linhagens de câncer de bexiga ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5153/tde-25092012-090310/.
Texte intégralIntroduction: Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder is the second most common tumor of the urinary tract. Loss of p53 function is the main genetic alteration related to the development of high-grade muscle-invasive disease. Prima-1 is a small molecule that restores tumor suppressor function to mutant p53 and induces cell death in various cancer types. Our aim is to investigate the ability of Prima-1 to induce apoptosis after DNA damage in BC cancer cell lines. Material and Methods: The therapeutic effect of Prima-1 was studied in two BC cell lines, T24, characterized by p53 mutation, and RT4, with no mutation in the p53 gene. Morphological features of apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential changes and expression of thirteen genes involved in p53-induced apoptosis were assessed by microscopic observation and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) Results: Prima-1 is able to reactivate P53 function in p53-mutated bladder cancer cell line promote apoptosis through the induction of Bax and Puma expression, activating the caspase cascade and disruption of mitochondrial membrane, independent of Bak, in T24 cell line (p53 mt). Conclusion: Prima-1 is able to restore the transcriptional activity of p53. Experimental studies in vivo could be conducted in order to test this molecule as a new therapeutic agent of the urothelial carcinoma of the bladder, which characteristically presents p53 mutation
Chade, Daher Cezar. « Avaliação do bacilo de Calmette-Guérin recombinante expressando o antígeno S1PT no tratamento do carcinoma urotelial de bexiga em modelo experimental ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5153/tde-25032009-101503/.
Texte intégralIntroduction: The intravesical immunotherapy with bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the adjuvant treatment of choice in superficial bladder cancer. Recently, studies of the mechanism of BCG have identified the immune reactions favorable and the genes responsible for the antitumor effect, enabling the production of recombinant vaccines, possibly more effective and with fewer side effects. With those goals, the pertussis toxin (S1PT) was combined to BCG, creating a recombinant variant (rBCG-S1PT) with the capacity to promote an immune response targeted to the T helper type 1 (Th1), which may increase the effectiveness of its antitumor effect. Objective: Compare the antitumor effects of rBCG-S1PT and BCG in an experimental model of bladder cancer. Methods: The development of the animal model of bladder cancer was conducted by transurethral instillation of bladder tumor cell line MB49 of the mouse strain C57BL/6, setting the orthotopic and syngeneic murine model. Experiment I - The animal models were divided into three groups, which received 4 weekly intravesical applications of rBCG-S1PT, BCG, or saline (SF - control group). After 7 days of the last instillation, splenectomy was performed for splenocyte culture and the bladders extracted and weighed in order to infer the tumor weight. Then, the bladders were divided into two pieces. The first was used for molecular analysis to assess the pattern of immune response. The second was sent to histopathological analysis. Experiment II - Held as described in Experiment I, but the animals were monitored for 60 days for analysis of survival. Experiment III - This test was carried out as previously described (Experiment I), but with no tumor cells instillation. Results: The rate of tumor implantation was 90% of the animals submitted to tumor inoculation. We obtained reduction of the average weights of bladder in groups BCG and rBCG-S1PT ((p<0,001). In both groups treated with immunotherapy, there was an increase of expression of interleukins TNF-, which was more intense in the group treated with rBCG-S1PT (p<0,05). There was also increased expression of IL-10 in the recombinant BCG (p<0,01). The splenocytes from animals that received immunotherapies had reduced tumor cells viability, more intensely demonstrated in the rBCG-S1PT group. The analysis of survival showed a significant increase in the group of animals treated with rBCGS1PT (Experiment II). The instillation of immunotherapeutic agents in animals without tumor did not demonstrate histological differences when compared to the control group and the immunological response pattern was similar to that of Experiment I (Experiment III). Conclusion: The establishment of the syngeneic orthotopic animal model was successful. The immunotherapy with rBCG-S1PT demonstrated more benefits than BCG in the treatment of bladder cancer in mice, reducing the bladder weight, increasing survival, and reducing tumor cells viability in vitro. The immune response obtained with the rBCG-S1PT expressed higher cytokines related to Th1. All this data may indicate that this recombinant agent may promote better bladder tumor control than BCG imunotherapy
Dornelles, Neto Eurico Jaques. « Estudo imunoistoquímico da expressão do fator tecidual e da densidade microvascular em espécimes de ressecção endoscópica de carcinoma urotelial de bexiga ». Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/4535.
Texte intégralIncreased tissue factor (TF) expression has been correlated to an increased microvessel density (MVD) and to a worse prognosis in tumors of the prostate, breast, lungs, and in colorectal cancers. However, TF expression has not yet been studied in specimens of transurethral resections of bladder tumors. In transitional cell carcinomas of the bladder, increased microvessel density has already been correlated to tumors of higher grade and stage, and also to a worse prognosis. We have evaluated TF expression and MVD in tissue specimens of 67 patients treated with transurethral bladder tumor resection. Findings were correlated to variables such as tumor grade, stage, and overall survival. MVD was not correlated to stage, grade, and survival in our sample. Fifty-one patients (76. 01%) expressed moderate to high levels of TF in their samples. There was no correlation between TF expression, stage and grade. However, there was a statistically significant correlation between TF expression and MVD. Likewise, an increased TF expression was correlated to lower survival rates. Further studies are necessary to establish the real value of an increased MVD and TF in bladder cancer.
A expressão do fator tecidual (FT) tem sido associada à maior densidade microvascular e a um pior prognóstico nos tumores de próstata, mama, pulmão, cólon e reto. Nos cânceres de bexiga, maior densidade microvascular tem se correlacionado com tumores de maior grau, estágio e mau prognóstico, mas a expressão do FT foi pouco estudada. No presente estudo, analisamos a expressão imunoistoquímica do FT e a densidade microvascular em espécimes de 67 pacientes submetidos à ressecção transuretral de carcinomas uroteliais de bexiga, correlacionando-os a estágio, grau e sobrevida geral. A densidade microvascular não se correlacionou com estágio, grau ou sobrevida em nossa amostragem. Cinqüenta e um pacientes (76,01%) apresentaram tumores com >25% das células tumorais corando-se intensamente para FT. Não houve associação entre expressão do FT, estágio e grau. No entanto, identificou-se correlação estatisticamente significativa entre a intensidade de expressão do FT e a densidade microvascular. Além disso, houve diferença estatística quanto à sobrevida geral entre o grupo com baixa expressão ( 25% das células corando-se intensamente) e os grupos com alta expressão (>25% das células corando-se intensamente) de FT. Sumarizando, maior expressão do FT correlacionou-se à maior angiogênese tumoral e à menor sobrevida geral em nossa casuística.
Ramos, Priscila Maria Manzini [UNESP]. « Avaliação do padrão de metilação da DMR (Differentially Methylated Region) dos gnes IGF2 e H19 em carcinomas uroteliais ». Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92442.
Texte intégralFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Os padrões anormais de metilação do DNA, especialmente a hipermetilação de genes com provável função supressora de tumor, representam um dos mais promissores marcadores moleculares do câncer por levarem à inativação funcional de genes críticos. Estudos prévios documentaram altos níveis de expressão do gene H19 em carcinoma de bexiga recorrentes. O gene H19 é regulado por imprinting, está localizado em 11p15.5 adjacente ao gene IGF2 (insulin-like growth factor 2 – somatomedin A) e codifica um transcrito não codificador de proteínas (micro RNA miR-675). Uma região que atua de forma coordenada no controle da expressão desses genes, chamada DMR (Differentially Methylated Region), atua na determinação do imprinting recíproco e na expressão mutuamente exclusiva dos genes IGF2 e H19. Ela encontra-se não metilada no homólogo materno e metilada no homólogo paterno e contém sete regiões de ligação da proteína CTCF (proteína bloqueadora do acentuador), que é sensível à metilação do DNA. Um relato prévio da literatura sugeriu que somente o sexto sítio de ligação do fator CTCF apresenta metilação parental específica. Este achado foi correlacionado com o padrão de expressão regulado por imprinting dos genes IGF2 e H19 em câncer de bexiga. No presente estudo, o padrão de metilação alelo-específico do gene H19 foi determinado em duas regiões distintas: no sexto sítio de ligação do fator CTCF contido na DMR e no primeiro éxon do gene H19 utilizando-se três abordagens diferentes: MSRE-PCR-RFLP (Methylation Sensitive Restriction Enzyme - Polymerase Chain Reaction - Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism), qMSP (quantitative real time Methylation Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction) para o sexto sítio e MSP-CTPP (Methylation Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction with Confontring Two Pair-Primers) para a região do primeiro éxon em 52 amostras de tecidos...
Abnormal patterns of DNA methylation, especially hypermethylation of genes demonstrating tumoral suppressor functions represent one of the most promising molecular markers of cancer because they can lead to functional inactivation of critical genes. Previous studies have documented high levels of H19 gene expression in recurrent bladder carcinomas. The H19 gene is regulated by imprinting, is located at 11p15.5 adjacent to the IGF2 gene (insulin-like growth factor 2 - somatomedin A) and encodes a non-coding transcript (micro RNA miR-675). A Differentially Methylated Region (DMR) region acts in a coordinated manner to control the expression of the IGF2 and H19 genes by determining their reciprocal imprinting and mutually exclusive expression patterns. The H19-DMR contains seven potential CTCF-binding sites. These sites are located upstream to the transcriptional initiation site, and the gamete-specific methylation acts as an insulator by precluding CTCF binding in the paternal allele. A previous literature report have suggested that only the sixth CTCF-binding site shows parental specific methylation. This finding was correlated with the imprinting expression pattern of IGF2 and H19 genes in bladder cancer. In the present study, the allele-specific methylation pattern of the H19 gene was evaluated in two distinct target regions: the sixth CTCF-binding site located in the DMR and the first exon of the H19 gene using three different approaches: MSRE-PCR-RFLP (Methylation Sensitive Restriction Enzyme - Polymerase Chain Reaction - Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism), qMSP (quantitative real time Methylation Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction) for the sixth CTCF-binding site, and the first exon of the H19 gene was analyzed by MSP-CTPP (Methylation Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction with Confronting Two-Pair Primers) in 52 samples of bladder tumors matched to normal adjacent tissues obtained... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Ramos, Priscila Maria Manzini. « Avaliação do padrão de metilação da DMR (Differentially Methylated Region) dos gnes IGF2 e H19 em carcinomas uroteliais / ». Botucatu : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92442.
Texte intégralBanca: Marcos Vinícius de Marcos Gomes
Banca: José Carlos Souza Trndade Filho
Resumo: Os padrões anormais de metilação do DNA, especialmente a hipermetilação de genes com provável função supressora de tumor, representam um dos mais promissores marcadores moleculares do câncer por levarem à inativação funcional de genes críticos. Estudos prévios documentaram altos níveis de expressão do gene H19 em carcinoma de bexiga recorrentes. O gene H19 é regulado por imprinting, está localizado em 11p15.5 adjacente ao gene IGF2 (insulin-like growth factor 2 - somatomedin A) e codifica um transcrito não codificador de proteínas (micro RNA miR-675). Uma região que atua de forma coordenada no controle da expressão desses genes, chamada DMR (Differentially Methylated Region), atua na determinação do imprinting recíproco e na expressão mutuamente exclusiva dos genes IGF2 e H19. Ela encontra-se não metilada no homólogo materno e metilada no homólogo paterno e contém sete regiões de ligação da proteína CTCF (proteína bloqueadora do acentuador), que é sensível à metilação do DNA. Um relato prévio da literatura sugeriu que somente o sexto sítio de ligação do fator CTCF apresenta metilação parental específica. Este achado foi correlacionado com o padrão de expressão regulado por imprinting dos genes IGF2 e H19 em câncer de bexiga. No presente estudo, o padrão de metilação alelo-específico do gene H19 foi determinado em duas regiões distintas: no sexto sítio de ligação do fator CTCF contido na DMR e no primeiro éxon do gene H19 utilizando-se três abordagens diferentes: MSRE-PCR-RFLP (Methylation Sensitive Restriction Enzyme - Polymerase Chain Reaction - Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism), qMSP (quantitative real time Methylation Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction) para o sexto sítio e MSP-CTPP (Methylation Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction with Confontring Two Pair-Primers) para a região do primeiro éxon em 52 amostras de tecidos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Abnormal patterns of DNA methylation, especially hypermethylation of genes demonstrating tumoral suppressor functions represent one of the most promising molecular markers of cancer because they can lead to functional inactivation of critical genes. Previous studies have documented high levels of H19 gene expression in recurrent bladder carcinomas. The H19 gene is regulated by imprinting, is located at 11p15.5 adjacent to the IGF2 gene (insulin-like growth factor 2 - somatomedin A) and encodes a non-coding transcript (micro RNA miR-675). A Differentially Methylated Region (DMR) region acts in a coordinated manner to control the expression of the IGF2 and H19 genes by determining their reciprocal imprinting and mutually exclusive expression patterns. The H19-DMR contains seven potential CTCF-binding sites. These sites are located upstream to the transcriptional initiation site, and the gamete-specific methylation acts as an insulator by precluding CTCF binding in the paternal allele. A previous literature report have suggested that only the sixth CTCF-binding site shows parental specific methylation. This finding was correlated with the imprinting expression pattern of IGF2 and H19 genes in bladder cancer. In the present study, the allele-specific methylation pattern of the H19 gene was evaluated in two distinct target regions: the sixth CTCF-binding site located in the DMR and the first exon of the H19 gene using three different approaches: MSRE-PCR-RFLP (Methylation Sensitive Restriction Enzyme - Polymerase Chain Reaction - Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism), qMSP (quantitative real time Methylation Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction) for the sixth CTCF-binding site, and the first exon of the H19 gene was analyzed by MSP-CTPP (Methylation Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction with Confronting Two-Pair Primers) in 52 samples of bladder tumors matched to normal adjacent tissues obtained... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Berriel, Luiza Jacqueline Costa Nicolau [UNESP]. « Carcinoma urotelial : correlação entre a imunoexpressão das proteínas inibidoras da apoptose (Xiap e Survivina) e seu antagonista Smac/DIABLO com índice apoptótico, proliferação celular e prognóstico ». Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151463.
Texte intégralApproved for entry into archive by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com) on 2017-08-29T18:07:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 berriel_ljcn_me_bot.pdf: 1392856 bytes, checksum: 0591e0781faaae724df2bc48264274a5 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-29T18:07:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 berriel_ljcn_me_bot.pdf: 1392856 bytes, checksum: 0591e0781faaae724df2bc48264274a5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-14
Introdução: O câncer de bexiga é a neoplasia maligna mais comum do trato urinário, sendo o carcinoma urotelial o subtipo histológico mais comum. No momento do diagnóstico, cerca de 75% dos tumores não são invasivos. Entretanto esses tumores são caracterizados por alta frequência de recorrência e frequente progressão para tumor invasivo, com piora significativa no prognóstico. A incapacidade de prever com precisão sua evolução dificulta a escolha terapêutica adequada gerando um impacto na sobrevida dos pacientes. Objetivo: Avaliar a imunoexpressão de XIAP, Survivina e Smac/DIABLO em tecido tumoral. Correlacionar os resultados com o índice apoptótico, proliferação celular e imunoexpressão da proteína p53 nestes mesmos tecidos, e com o prognóstico dos pacientes. Métodos: Estudo do tipo coorte retrospectiva, que avaliou pacientes diagnosticados com carcinoma urotelial de bexiga no período de 1980 a 2000, provenientes do serviço de Patologia da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (UNESP). Cortes de 3 µm do bloco de TMA foram submetidos à reação de imuno-histoquímica para XIAP, Survivina e Smac/DIABLO. As lâminas foram analisadas por dois patologistas, sendo obtidos escores de intensidade de imunoexpressão. Esses escores foram correlacionados entre si e com o índice apoptótico (obtido com o uso de anticorpo anti-caspase-3-clivada), índice de proliferação celular, imunoexpressão da proteína p53 e dados de sobrevida dos pacientes obtidos em prontuário médico. Foi usado o Teste de Associação de Goodman envolvendo contrastes entre e dentro de populações multinomiais considerando o nível de 5% de significância, na avaliação do grau histológico dos carcinomas uroteliais vesicais e seu status de invasão da camada muscular da bexiga, com os marcadores da apoptose estudados (XIAP, Smac/DIABLO, Survivina) e local de prevalência do Índice Apoptótico. O Teste não-paramétrico de Mann-Whitney foi usado para avaliação da porcentagem do Índice Apoptótico (caspase-3-clivada) e sobrevida em meses com status de invasão da camada muscular da bexiga. Para avaliar as associações entre p53, Survivina nuclear e citoplasmática, Smac/DIABLO, e entre a porcentagem do Índice Apoptótico (caspase-3-clivada) e o índice de proliferação celular (Ki-67), foi usado o Teste não paramétrico de Kruskal-Wallis complementando o Teste de comparações múltiplas de Dunn. Na associação entre a porcentagem do Índice Apoptótico (caspase-3-clivada) e a sobrevida em meses foi usada a Medida de Associação de Spearman. Resultados: Dos 210 casos selecionados, 67 foram incluídos. Verificamos uma relação inversa entre a porcentagem do Índice Apoptótico obtido pela reação imuno-histoquímica com a caspase-3-clivada (IA%) e entre a sobrevida em meses dos pacientes da casuística. A sobrevida é significativamente maior entre os pacientes sem invasão da camada muscular da bexiga pelo carcinoma urotelial (mediana de 76,5 meses, e valor máximo de 334 meses), comparados àqueles com camada muscular infiltrada pela neoplasia (mediana de sete meses, tempo máximo de 129 meses). A imunoexpressão nuclear da Survivina é mais significativamente negativa nos carcinomas invasivos que nos não invasivos. Quanto à imunoexpressão de Smac/DIABLO, os carcinomas não invasivos têm significativamente mais reações fortes que os invasivos. O mesmo acontece com a reação para XIAP, com mais carcinomas não invasivos positivos comparados aos invasivos. A localização dos “hot-spots” do índice apoptótico (reação positiva para caspase-3-clivada) nas superfícies das papilas neoplásicas é significativamente maior nos carcinomas de baixo grau que nos de alto grau. Carcinomas uroteliais com imunoexpressão forte para Smac/DIABLO têm significativamente menor proliferação celular. Em relação ao coeficiente e valores mínimo e máximo da sobrevida em meses dos pacientes da casuística segundo a imunoexpressão das proteínas XIAP, Survivina e Smac/DIABLO, em nenhuma das avaliações o valor de p foi menor que 0,05, indicando a falta de significância desses resultados. Conclusão: Índice apoptótico obtido pela caspase-3-clivada é inversamente proporcional a sobrevida dos pacientes. A survivina é mais expressada nos carcinomas invasivos, podendo ser utilizada como marcador de mau prognóstico. O Smac/DIABLO e XIAP, por sua vez, são mais expressados nos tumores não invasivos. A localização dos “hot spots” do índice apoptótico pode ser útil para diferenciar carcinomas de alto e baixo grau.
Background: Bladder cancer is the most common malignant neoplasm of the urinary tract, with urothelial carcinoma being the most common histological subtype. At the time of diagnosis, about 75% of the tumors are non-invasive. However, these tumors are characterized by high frequency of recurrence and frequent progression to invasive tumor, with significant worsening of the prognosis. The inability to accurately predict their progress makes it difficult to choose the appropriate therapy that has an impact on patient survival. Objective: To evaluate the immunoexpression of XIAP, Survivin and Smac/DIABLO in tumor tissue. Correlate the results with the apoptotic index, cell proliferation and immunoexpression of the p53 protein in these same tissues, and with the prognosis of the patients. Methods: A retrospective cohort study, which evaluated patients diagnosed with bladder urothelial carcinoma from 1980 to 2000, from the Department of Pathology of Botucatu Medical School (UNESP). Three μm sections of the TMA block were submitted to the immunohistochemical reaction for XIAP, Survivin and SMAC / Diablo. The slides were analyzed by two pathologists, and immunoexpression intensity scores were obtained. These scores were correlated with each other and with the apoptotic index (obtained with the use of cleaved anti-caspase-3 antibody), cell proliferation index, immunoexpression of p53 protein and survival data of patients obtained in medical records. Results: Out of the 210 selected cases, 67 were included. We found an inverse relation between the percentage of apoptotic index obtained by the immunohistochemical reaction with caspase-3-cleaved (IA%) and between the survival in months of patients in the series. Survival was significantly higher among patients without invasion of the bladder muscle by urothelial carcinoma (median 76.5 months, and maximum value 334 months), compared to those with muscle layer infiltrated by neoplasia (median of seven months, maximum time of 129 months). Nuclear immunoexpression of Survivin is generally more significantly negative in invasive than noninvasive carcinomas. Regarding the immunoexpression of Smac/DIABLO, non-invasive carcinomas have significantly stronger reactions than invasive ones. The same happens with the reaction for XIAP, with more non-invasive positive carcinomas compared to invasive ones. The localization of the apoptotic index hot spots (caspase-3-cleaved positive reaction) on the surfaces of the neoplastic papillae is significantly higher in low-grade carcinomas (more than 85%, 6 cases versus 1). Urotelial carcinomas with strong immunoexpression for Smac/DIABLO have significantly lower cell proliferation. Regarding the coefficient and the minimum and maximum survival values in months of the patients according to the immunoexpression of the XIAP, Survivin and Smac/DIABLO proteins, in none of the evaluations the p value was lower than 0.05, indicating a lack of significant results. Conclusion: The apoptotic index obtained by caspase-3-cleaved is inversely proportional to patient survival. Survivin is more expressed in invasive carcinomas and may be used as a marker of poor prognosis. Smac/DIABLO and XIAP, on the other hand, are more expressed in non-invasive tumors. The localization of apoptotic index 'hot spots' may be useful in differentiating between high and low grade carcinomas.
Berriel, Luiza Jacqueline Costa Nicolau. « Carcinoma urotelial correlação entre a imunoexpressão das proteínas inibidoras da apoptose (Xiap e Survivina) e seu antagonista Smac/DIABLO com índice apoptótico, proliferação celular e prognóstico / ». Botucatu, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151463.
Texte intégralResumo: Introdução: O câncer de bexiga é a neoplasia maligna mais comum do trato urinário, sendo o carcinoma urotelial o subtipo histológico mais comum. No momento do diagnóstico, cerca de 75% dos tumores não são invasivos. Entretanto esses tumores são caracterizados por alta frequência de recorrência e frequente progressão para tumor invasivo, com piora significativa no prognóstico. A incapacidade de prever com precisão sua evolução dificulta a escolha terapêutica adequada gerando um impacto na sobrevida dos pacientes. Objetivo: Avaliar a imunoexpressão de XIAP, Survivina e Smac/DIABLO em tecido tumoral. Correlacionar os resultados com o índice apoptótico, proliferação celular e imunoexpressão da proteína p53 nestes mesmos tecidos, e com o prognóstico dos pacientes. Métodos: Estudo do tipo coorte retrospectiva, que avaliou pacientes diagnosticados com carcinoma urotelial de bexiga no período de 1980 a 2000, provenientes do serviço de Patologia da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (UNESP). Cortes de 3 µm do bloco de TMA foram submetidos à reação de imuno-histoquímica para XIAP, Survivina e Smac/DIABLO. As lâminas foram analisadas por dois patologistas, sendo obtidos escores de intensidade de imunoexpressão. Esses escores foram correlacionados entre si e com o índice apoptótico (obtido com o uso de anticorpo anti-caspase-3-clivada), índice de proliferação celular, imunoexpressão da proteína p53 e dados de sobrevida dos pacientes obtidos em prontuário médico. Foi usado o Teste de Assoc... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Background: Bladder cancer is the most common malignant neoplasm of the urinary tract, with urothelial carcinoma being the most common histological subtype. At the time of diagnosis, about 75% of the tumors are non-invasive. However, these tumors are characterized by high frequency of recurrence and frequent progression to invasive tumor, with significant worsening of the prognosis. The inability to accurately predict their progress makes it difficult to choose the appropriate therapy that has an impact on patient survival. Objective: To evaluate the immunoexpression of XIAP, Survivin and Smac/DIABLO in tumor tissue. Correlate the results with the apoptotic index, cell proliferation and immunoexpression of the p53 protein in these same tissues, and with the prognosis of the patients. Methods: A retrospective cohort study, which evaluated patients diagnosed with bladder urothelial carcinoma from 1980 to 2000, from the Department of Pathology of Botucatu Medical School (UNESP). Three μm sections of the TMA block were submitted to the immunohistochemical reaction for XIAP, Survivin and SMAC / Diablo. The slides were analyzed by two pathologists, and immunoexpression intensity scores were obtained. These scores were correlated with each other and with the apoptotic index (obtained with the use of cleaved anti-caspase-3 antibody), cell proliferation index, immunoexpression of p53 protein and survival data of patients obtained in medical records. Results: Out of the 210 selected ca... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Pereira, Sofia do Rosário Alves. « Alterações numéricas dos cromossomas 7, 8, 9 e 17, e dos genes TP53 e c-erbB2 nos carcinomas uroteliais da bexiga ». Master's thesis, Universidade do Porto. Reitoria, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/9592.
Texte intégralPereira, Sofia do Rosário Alves. « Alterações numéricas dos cromossomas 7, 8, 9 e 17, e dos genes TP53 e c-erbB2 nos carcinomas uroteliais da bexiga ». Dissertação, Universidade do Porto. Reitoria, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/9592.
Texte intégralDornelles, Neto Eurico Jaques. « Estudo imunoistoqu?mico da express?o do fator tecidual e da densidade microvascular em esp?cimes de ressec??o endosc?pica de carcinoma urotelial de bexiga ». Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2008. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/1482.
Texte intégralA express?o do fator tecidual (FT) tem sido associada ? maior densidade microvascular e a um pior progn?stico nos tumores de pr?stata, mama, pulm?o, c?lon e reto. Nos c?nceres de bexiga, maior densidade microvascular tem se correlacionado com tumores de maior grau, est?gio e mau progn?stico, mas a express?o do FT foi pouco estudada. No presente estudo, analisamos a express?o imunoistoqu?mica do FT e a densidade microvascular em esp?cimes de 67 pacientes submetidos ? ressec??o transuretral de carcinomas uroteliais de bexiga, correlacionando-os a est?gio, grau e sobrevida geral. A densidade microvascular n?o se correlacionou com est?gio, grau ou sobrevida em nossa amostragem. Cinq?enta e um pacientes (76,01%) apresentaram tumores com >25% das c?lulas tumorais corando-se intensamente para FT. N?o houve associa??o entre express?o do FT, est?gio e grau. No entanto, identificou-se correla??o estatisticamente significativa entre a intensidade de express?o do FT e a densidade microvascular. Al?m disso, houve diferen?a estat?stica quanto ? sobrevida geral entre o grupo com baixa express?o ( 25% das c?lulas corando-se intensamente) e os grupos com alta express?o (>25% das c?lulas corando-se intensamente) de FT. Sumarizando, maior express?o do FT correlacionou-se ? maior angiog?nese tumoral e ? menor sobrevida geral em nossa casu?stica.
Reis, Leonardo Oliveira 1978. « Desequilibrio entre alfa distroglicana (alfa-DG) e metaloproteinase de matriz 9 (MMP-9) no carcinoma urotelial da bexiga e do trato urinario superior : um novo modelo animal ». [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/312206.
Texte intégralDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T17:35:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Reis_LeonardoOliveira_M.pdf: 4339458 bytes, checksum: 1e103884dabb1194ecfd6161caeed83d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009
Resumo: A destruição do complexo da distroglicana dependente da metaloproteinase da matriz pode ter papel importante no desenvolvimento e progressão do tumor urotelial. O carcinoma urotelial humano é frequente na bexiga e menos comum no trato urinário superior. Não há um modelo experimental animal bem definido e reprodutível de carcinoma urotelial do trato superior. Objetivos: Propor um novo modelo experimental de carcinoma urotelial que resulta de refluxo vesicoureteral em animais submetidos a tratamento com associação entre n-metil-n-nitrosourea e citrato de sódio intravesicais. Caracterizar a imunolocalização dos receptores de ?-distroglicana e metaloproteinase 9 na bexiga urinária, ureter e pelve renal deste modelo, assim como descrever aspectos morfológicos, imunohistoquímicos e proliferativos nestes órgãos. Metodologia: Cinqüenta ratas Fisher 344 foram divididas em dois grupos: Controle - recebeu 0,30ml de solução salina 0,9% intravesical; MNU-citrato - recebeu 0,15ml de MNU e 0,15ml de citrato de sódio intravesical, ambos em semanas alternadas, nas semanas 0, 2, 4 e 6, totalizando quatro doses. Após 15 semanas de tratamento, a bexiga, os ureteres, e as pelves renais foram coletados para análises morfológicas e imunohistoquímicas. Resultados: O grupo MNU-Citrato apresentou imunoreatividade reduzida de ?-DG e aumentada de MMP-9 e Ki-67. O tratamento associado de MNU e citrato de sódio levou ao desenvolvimento de carcinoma urotelial na bexiga e no trato urinário superior de todos os animais. Conclusões: O modelo proposto induziu lesão maligna de diversos graus em 100 % dos animais, sem comprometimento muscular. A imunolocalização da ?-DG foi muito diminuída em contraposição ao aumento da imunolocalização da MMP-9 nos diferentes órgãos estudados neste modelo e os aspectos morfológicos, imunohistoquímicos e proliferativos ao longo do urotélio (bexiga urinária, ureter e pelve renal) foram muito semelhantes, sendo que ocorreu aumento de apoptose e proliferação celular com expressivo predomínio deste último. Palavras chave: Distroglicana; Metaloproteinase de matriz; Carcinoma urotelial; Modelo animal experimental; Trato urinário superior
Abstract: The dystroglican complex destruction is done by matrix metalloproteinase and plays a critical role in the urothelial carcinoma development and progression. The human urothelial carcinoma is frequent on the bladder and less common on the upper urinary tract. There is no reproducible and well described experimental upper urothelial carcinoma model on this issue. Purposes: Describe a novel experimental upper urothelial carcinoma animal model which results in vesicoureteral reflux in animals submitted to associate treatment with the carcinogen n-methyl-n-nitrosourea and sodium citrate intravesically. Characterize the ?-DG and the MMP-9 immunolocalization in the bladder as well as in the upper urinary tract, and describe morphological, immunohistochemistry and proliferative aspects utilizing a novel experimental model. Materials and Methods: Fifty female Fischer 344 rats were divided into two groups: the control group received a 0.30ml dose of 0.9% physiological saline intravesically every other week for a total of 4 doses; the MNU-citrate group received 0.15 ml of MNU and 0.15ml of sodium citrate intravesically every other week for a total of 4 doses. After 15 weeks of treatment, bladder, ureters and renal pelvis were collected for morphological and immunohistochemistry analyses. Results: The MNU-Citrate group showed reduced ?-DG and increased MMP-9 and Ki-67 immunoreactivities. Associated treatment with MNU and sodium citrate was able to lead to both urinary bladder and upper urinary tract tumors in all animals. Conclusions: The proposed model showed cancer in several grades in 100 % of animals, with no muscular invasion. The immunolocalization was decreased for ?-DG and increased for MMP-9 in the analyzed tissues and the morphological, immunohistochemical and proliferative aspects of the urothelium (bladder, ureter e renal pelvis) were similar. Apoptosis and proliferation were increased, being the last one more intense
Mestrado
Cirurgia
Mestre em Cirurgia
Rosete, Marisa Isabel de Sousa Ferreira. « Estratégias terapêuticas no carcinoma urotelial superficial dabexiga TA/TI ». Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/80533.
Texte intégralIntrodução: O carcinoma urotelial da bexiga é a neoplasia mais comum do tracto urinário. A sua elevada taxa de recidiva e progressão após ressecção transuretral, faz com que seja necessário recorrer à utilização de tratamentos adjuvantes como a instilação intravesical de um agente quimioterápico ou imunoterapia isoladamente ou em várias combinações. Objetivos: O presente trabalho visa relatar as diferentes estratégias terapêuticas no carcinoma urotelial superficial da bexiga e compará-las em termos da sua eficácia oncológica. Materiais e Métodos: Procedeu-se a uma pesquisa na PubMed, The Cochrane Library, páginas da internet EAU, EORTC e livros de texto sobre as estratégias terapêuticas para o carcinoma urotelial superficial da bexiga Ta/T1, quimioterapia e imunoterapia intravesical, de onde foram selecionados 39 artigos para este estudo. Discussão e Conclusão: A ressecção transuretral da bexiga acompanhada de imunoterapia ou quimioterapia continua a ser o tratamento de eleição para os carcinomas do urotelio superficial da bexiga. Conclui-se que, os doentes com CUSB de baixo risco respondem bem a terapia intravesical, os doentes com CUSB de risco intermédio devem ser submetidos a um ciclo adicional de tratamento intravesical com BCG e MMC, e os doentes com CUSB de elevado risco devem ser tratados com BCG
Introduction: The bladder urothelial carcinoma is the most common neoplasm of the urinary tract. A high rate of relapse and progression after transurethral resection, makes it necessary to resort to the use of adjuvant intravesical instillation of such a chemotherapeutic agent or immunotherapy alone or in various combinations. Objectives: This work aims to describe the different therapeutic strategies in superficial urothelial carcinoma of the bladder and compare them in terms of oncologic efficacy. Materials and Methods: For this purpose we proceeded with a research on PubMed, The Library Corchane, EAU sites, EORTC and textbooks, on therapeutic strategies for superficial bladder urothelial carcinoma Ta/T1, intravesical chemotherapy and immunotherapy, where 39 articles were selected for this study . Discussion and Conclusion: A transurethral bladder accompanied immunotherapy or chemotherapy remains the treatment of choice for superficial bladder urothelium carcinomas. It is concluded that the patients with low risk CUSB respond well to intravesical therapy, patients with intermediate risk CUSB must be subjected to an additional cycle of treatment with intravesical BCG and MMC, and patients with high risk CUSB be treated with BCG.
Rosete, Marisa Isabel de Sousa Ferreira. « Estratégias terapêuticas no carcinoma urotelial superficial da bexiga TA / TI ». Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/37362.
Texte intégralIntrodução: O carcinoma urotelial da bexiga é a neoplasia mais comum do tracto urinário. A sua elevada taxa de recidiva e progressão após ressecção transuretral, faz com que seja necessário recorrer à utilização de tratamentos adjuvantes como a instilação intravesical de um agente quimioterápico ou imunoterapia isoladamente ou em várias combinações. Objetivos: O presente trabalho visa relatar as diferentes estratégias terapêuticas no carcinoma urotelial superficial da bexiga e compará-las em termos da sua eficácia oncológica. Materiais e Métodos: Procedeu-se a uma pesquisa na PubMed, The Cochrane Library, páginas da internet EAU, EORTC e livros de texto sobre as estratégias terapêuticas para o carcinoma urotelial superficial da bexiga Ta/T1, quimioterapia e imunoterapia intravesical, de onde foram selecionados 39 artigos para este estudo. Discussão e Conclusão: A ressecção transuretral da bexiga acompanhada de imunoterapia ou quimioterapia continua a ser o tratamento de eleição para os carcinomas do urotelio superficial da bexiga. Conclui-se que, os doentes com CUSB de baixo risco respondem bem a terapia intravesical, os doentes com CUSB de risco intermédio devem ser submetidos a um ciclo adicional de tratamento intravesical com BCG e MMC, e os doentes com CUSB de elevado risco devem ser tratados com BCG.
Introduction: The bladder urothelial carcinoma is the most common neoplasm of the urinary tract. A high rate of relapse and progression after transurethral resection, makes it necessary to resort to the use of adjuvant intravesical instillation of such a chemotherapeutic agent or immunotherapy alone or in various combinations. Objectives: This work aims to describe the different therapeutic strategies in superficial urothelial carcinoma of the bladder and compare them in terms of oncologic efficacy. Materials and Methods: For this purpose we proceeded with a research on PubMed, The Library Corchane, EAU sites, EORTC and textbooks, on therapeutic strategies for superficial bladder urothelial carcinoma Ta/T1, intravesical chemotherapy and immunotherapy, where 39 articles were selected for this study . Discussion and Conclusion: A transurethral bladder accompanied immunotherapy or chemotherapy remains the treatment of choice for superficial bladder urothelium carcinomas. It is concluded that the patients with low risk CUSB respond well to intravesical therapy, patients with intermediate risk CUSB must be subjected to an additional cycle of treatment with intravesical BCG and MMC, and patients with high risk CUSB be treated with BCG.
Vieira, Maria Teresa de Oliveira. « Novas técnicas de diagnóstico do carcinoma urotelial do trato urinário superior ». Master's thesis, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/114330.
Texte intégralVieira, Maria Teresa de Oliveira. « Novas técnicas de diagnóstico do carcinoma urotelial do trato urinário superior ». Dissertação, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/114330.
Texte intégralMatos, Ana Catarina Ramos Carrondo Dias de. « Subtipos moleculares no carcinoma urotelial e a sua importância na terapêutica neoadjuvante ». Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/41773.
Texte intégralO cancro da bexiga é um dos cancros mais prevalentes no mundo e uma doença heterogénea. A cistectomia radical com linfadenectomia pélvica é a terapêutica standard para o carcinoma da bexiga invasivo localizado, mas 50% dos doentes desenvolvem metástases nos 2 anos seguintes. Recentemente, vários investigadores e instituições classificaram o cancro da bexiga em vários subtipos, de acordo com as suas características moleculares. Estes subtipos parecem ser sobreponíveis, e vários estudos mostraram evidência de que podem estar relacionados com o prognóstico da doença e previsão da resposta à terapêutica neoadjuvante e dirigida. Neste trabalho foi efetuada uma revisão sistemática sobre os diferentes subtipos moleculares no carcinoma da bexiga e como essas características podem ter impacto na terapêutica, com especial foco na terapêutica neoadjuvante. Neste contexto, a evidência sugere que o subtipo molecular p53-like implica resistência à QT neoadjuvante com cisplatina e o subtipo basal é o que mostra o maior aumento na sobrevivência global. Por outro lado, o Cluster II da classificação TCGA parece ser o subtipo molecular com maior benefício de imunoterapia (atezolizumab). No entanto, ainda é necessário validar estes resultados em estudos prospetivos, randomizados e com maior numero de doentes.
Bladder cancer is among the most prevalent cancers worldwide, and a highly heterogenic disease. Radical cystectomy with pelvic lymph node dissection is the standard of care for localized muscle invasive bladder cancer. However, 50% of patients develop metastatic disease within 2 years after surgery. Recently, several investigators classified bladder cancer in subtypes according to distinct molecular signatures. These subtypes show overlap, and recent studies showed that they can be related to prognosis and may predict therapeutic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and targetedtherapies. This work presents a systematic review about the molecular subtypes of bladder cancer, and how these features can have an impact in treatment, with a special focus in neoadjuvant therapeutics. The evidence suggests that molecular subtype p53- like shows chemoresistance to neoadjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin, and basal subtype shows most benefit in overall survival, while cluser II of the TCGA classification is the subtype with most benefit for immunotherapy (atezolizumab). To validate these discoveries in clinical practice, prospective and randomized studies with more patients are needed.
GRAMMATICO, Paola. « Definizione citogenetica del carcinoma sarcomatoide del rene e dei tumori uroteliali delle alte vie urinarie ». Doctoral thesis, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/461588.
Texte intégralRebola, Jorge Manuel Trindade. « Aplicação clínica da expressão de biomarcadores moleculares no carcinoma urotelial da bexiga não músculo-invasivo ». Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/91515.
Texte intégralABSTRACT - Introduction: Urothelial bladder cancer is a public health issue, due to its incidence and prevalence. It is the second most common urological malignancy and it is amongst the 10 more common tumors worldwide. Pathology evaluation is the gold standard for establishing diagnosis and has important treatment and prognosis implications. Nevertheless, histology has predictive drawbacks. Personalized medicine might be a path to overcome them, namely using molecular biomarkers, to highlight disease aggressiveness, recurrence probability and prognosis, thus providing the basis for individualized treatment. Materials and methods: In a retrospective clinical cohort study, we evaluated 147 consecutive patients, with non-invasive (“pTa” and “pT1”) urothelial bladder carcinoma (NMIBC), treated at the Urology Service from Hospital Reina Sofia in Cordoba, between 2002 and 2014. The diagnosis was established by pathology. Several clinical, pathological and molecular biomarkers (Ki-67, p53, p21, p27, cyclin D1, cyclin D3, Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3, CD44, CK5/6 and CK 20) were evaluated. In order to further refine the predictive impact of molecular biomarkers, we created a “molecular phenotype classifier” based on CK 5/6 and CK 20 expression (“Null: CK5/6-, CK20-”; “Mixed: CK5/6+, CK20+”; “Basal: CK5/6+, CK20-”; and “Luminal: CK5/6-, CK20+”). The study outcomes were disease recurrence, time to first disease recurrence, progression, time to progression, disease-specific mortality and time to disease-related death. Results: In our sample there were 17 females and 130 males. The median age was 68 years. Around three quarters (n=110) were classified as “pTa” (AJCC/TNM 2016) and 65% (n=95) as “high-grade” (WHO 2004/2016). In multivariable analysis, both histological grade (HR=3.005) and “Luminal” phenotype (HR=2.307) were independent predictive factors for disease recurrence. Histological grade (HR=10.245), cyclin D3 (HR4.406), BAX (HR=0.155), Bcl-2 (HR=0.289), “Basal” phenotype (HR=6.271) and “luminal” phenotype (HR=15.981) were all independent predictive factors for disease progression. Tumor size (HR=5.134), histological grade (HR=11.635), Bax (HR=0.062), Bcl-2 (HR=0.280), “Basal” phenotype (HR=7.881) and “Luminal” phenotype (HR=24.893) were all independent predictive factors for disease-specific mortality. Conclusions: Our study shows that using this “phenotypic classifier” is feasible and accurately stratifies NMIBC patients, according to disease recurrence, disease progression and disease-specific mortality, namely in high-grade tumors.
Silva, Diana Alexandra Festas da. « Fatores preditivos da recorrência vesical do carcinoma urotelial do trato urinário superior, após nefroureterectomia radical ». Master's thesis, 2015. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/78955.
Texte intégralSilva, Diana Alexandra Festas da. « Fatores preditivos da recorrência vesical do carcinoma urotelial do trato urinário superior, após nefroureterectomia radical ». Dissertação, 2015. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/78955.
Texte intégralGarcia, Mário Filipe Alves. « PD-L1 expression and tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes as Biomarkers in Urothelial Carcinomas ». Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/98469.
Texte intégralIntroduçãoNos últimos anos, os carcinomas uroteliais (UC) têm sido testados para novos inibidores de checkpoint imunológico (ICI).O ligante de morte programada-1 (PD-L1) é um ICI, que tem sido associado a um aumento da taxa de sobrevivência podendo ser avaliado por imunohistoquímica (IHC).Estão disponíveis três kits comerciais (Ventana SP142, Ventana SP263, DAKO 22C3), que usam diferentes plataformas técnicas, protocolos e métodos de avaliação. No entanto, vários estudos mostram diferente concordância entre testes.Atualmente, vários laboratórios de Anatomia Patológica utilizam o teste desenvolvido em laboratório (LDT) otimizado internamente, ao invés do teste de diagnóstico complementar (CDT).Os principais objetivos deste estudo são avaliar a expressão IHC de PD-L1 em UC comparando os clones SP142 e SP263 usando os protocolos CDT e 22C3 usando os protocolos LDT, bem como comparar as expressões de PD-L1, CD8 e p16.Materiais e Métodos Foram selecionadas 43 amostras de UC de alto grau diagnosticados em 2019 e 2020 no arquivo do Serviço de Anatomia Patológica (SAP) do Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC) e construídos microarrays de tecidos (TMA).A imunomarcação foi realizada com anticorpos anti-humanos CD44, Gata3, Citoqueratina 20 (CK20) e Citoqueratina 5/6 (CK5/6) para classificar os tumores como do tipo Luminal ou Basal; também clones PD-L1 (SP142, SP263 e 22C3 utilizando o método CDT e o método 22C3 LDT). As informações obtidas foram organizadas num banco de dados e submetidas à análise estatística utilizando o SPSS.ResultadosDoentes do sexo feminino apresentam maior número de casos PD-L1 22C3 (p=0.051) e SP263 (p=0.06) positivos em comparação com os homens. Os linfócitos intratumorais (TILs) são mais elevados em pacientes do sexo feminino, quando se usa o ponto de corte de 20 linfócitos / campo de grande ampliação (HPF) (expressão mediana). Os casos positivos para TILs são inferiores nos carcinomas do subtipo basal (p=0.045, p<0.05) quando considerado o ponto de corte de 50 linfócitos / HPF e tendem a ser superiores nos tumores de grau histológico 2 (p=0.0814). Foram encontradas correlações positivas entre PD-L1 22C3 com expressão de CD8 (ponto de corte 50) (p=0.024, p<0.05) e PD-L1 SP263 com CD8 (ponto de corte 50) (p=0.002, p<0.05). Foi observada uma concordância quase perfeita entre PD-L1 22C3 e PD-L1 SP263 (k=0.86).ConclusãoA alta concordância entre os protocolos LDT e CDT permite usar o PD-L1 LDT no diagnóstico de rotina diária. O nosso estudo sugere que os TILs podem ser um potencial biomarcador preditivo em combinação com os diferentes clones PD-L1, preferencialmente com o SP142 e o 22C3.
IntroductionIn the last years, urothelial carcinomas (UC) have been tested to novel immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI).Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) is a ICI, which has been associated with an increase of survival rate and can be evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC).Three commercial Kits (Ventana SP142, Ventana SP263, DAKO 22C3), which use different technical platforms, protocols and evaluation scores, are available. However, several studies show different agreement between tests.Currently, several Pathology laboratories use laboratory developed test (LDT) optimized internally, instead of the Companion Diagnostic Test (CDT).The main goals of this study is to evaluate the IHC expression of PD-L1 in UC by comparing SP 142, SP263 and 22C3 clones using the CDT and LDT protocols, and also compare PD-L1, CD8 and p16 expressions.Materials and MethodsForty-three samples of high grade UC diagnosed in 2019 and 2020 were selected from the archive of the Serviço de Anatomia Patológica (SAP) of Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC) and tissue microarray (TMA) were constructed. Immunostaining was performed with anti-human antibodies CD44, Gata3, Cytokeratin 20 (CK20) and Cytokeratin 5/6 (CK5/6) to categorize tumours as Luminal or Basal type; also PD-L1 clones (SP142, SP263 and 22C3 using CDT method and 22C3 LDT method). The information collected was organized in a database and subjected to statistical analysis using the SPSS.ResultsFemale patients have higher PD-L1 22C3 (p=0.051) and SP263 (p=0.06) positives compared with male. Tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are greater also in female patients when using 20 lymphocytes / High Power Field (HPF) cutoff (median expression). TILs positive cases are lower in basal IHC subtype carcinomas (p=0.045, p<0.05) when considering the cutoff of 50 lymphocytes / HPF and have a tendency to be higher in histologic grade 2 tumours (p=0.0814). Positive correlations between PD-L1 22C3 with CD8 expression (cutoff 50) (p=0.024, p<0.05) and PD-L1 SP263 with CD8 (cutoff 50) (p=0.002, p<0.05) were found. Almost perfect concordance between PD-L1 22C3 and PD-L1 SP263 (k=0.86) was observed.ConclusionHigh concordance between LDT and CDT enhances the use of PD-L1 LDT in daily routine diagnose. Our study suggests that TILs could be a potential predictive biomarker in combination with different PD-L1 clones, preferentially with SP142 and 22C3.
Gomes, Juliana Martins. « Imunoterapia sistémica no carcinoma da bexiga avançado e metastizado ». Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/8794.
Texte intégralUrothelial carcinoma of the bladder presents limited treatment options, with regard to the locally advanced or metastatic disease and systemic immunotherapy has changed the paradigm of urothelial cancer treatment. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are monoclonal antibodies directed to the PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 immune checkpoints, whose action is to reactivate the suppressed or quiescent immune cells, promoting the antitumor response. Monoclonal antibodies, atezolizumab, pembrolizumab, nivolumab, durvalumab and avelumab have already been approved by Food and Drug Administration as second-line treatment for locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma. Furthermore, two of them, pembrolizumab and atezolizumab, are also approved as the frontline for cisplatin-ineligible patients. The uncertainty about the optimal duration of treatment, the definition of clinically progressive disease and the lack of identification of predictive biomarkers of response to treatment are some issues that limit the application of immunotherapy in clinical practice. Ongoing clinical trials with immune checkpoint inhibitors aim to achieve these limitations, investigate its combination with other therapeutic modalities and its application in earlier stages of urotelial carcinoma. In addition to checkpoint inhibitors, immunotherapy investigation in bladder cancer also involves other novel immunotherapy agents. Given the favorable results already obtained and the expected results, immunotherapy will be able to be extended to a larger number of patients and redefine the therapeutic approach of urothelial bladder carcinoma.
Bengió, Verónica. « Evaluación de expresión de e-caderinas como factor predictivo de recurrencia y progresion de carcinoma urotelial vesical no musculo infiltrante / ». Doctoral thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11086/247.
Texte intégralLos tumores superficiales de vejiga (no músculo-infiltrantes) constituyen un grupo heterogéneo de lesiones de evolución dispar, con marcada tendencia a la recidiva y progresión tumoral, cuya historia natural no puede ser predecida con seguridad en base a un caso individual. Hay evidencias que sugieren que moléculas de adhesión celular, como la E-Caderina (E-Cd) podrìan tener importancia en el desarrollo y progresión del cáncer vesical. En este estudio, se examinaron retrospectivamente 46 pacientes con diagnóstico de tumor superficial de vejiga urinaria, con evaluación, tratamiento y seguimiento estandarizados, con tiempo de observación promedio de 81 meses (tiempo máximo de 130 meses). Los tejidos se fijaron en formol neutro e incluyeron en parafina. Se evaluó la expresión de E-caderina (E-Cd) en el epitelio tumoral mediante sistema de detección inmunohistoquímica a través de sistema Biotina-Estreptavidina-Peroxidasa-DAB. La determinación de expresión de E-Cd por inmunomarcación ermite distinguir dos distintos patrones de expresión: patrón homogéneo, o normal, y heterogéneo o anormal.Se utilizó como método estadístico test de Wald, Odd ratio y test de verosimilitud (p- valor). Para estimación de número de recidivas se ajustó a modelo de regresión Poisson. El tiempo libre de progresión se analizó con modelo de riesgo proporcional de Cox. La distribución por sexo fue a predominio masculino (31 casos, 67 %), con promedio de edad de 67,3 años. 67 % de los pacientes tenían factor de riesgo de tabaquismo. El signo clínico dominante fue la hematuria, y la forma macroscópica de presentación predominante fue como tumor único con patrón de crecimiento papilar exofítico. Acorde a la clasificación de OMS, 10 casos fueron categorizados como GI, 27 (58 %) omo G II y 9 casos como G III. La expresión anormal de E-Cd de tumores GI versus G III fue estadísticamente significativa (p= 0,03). La reclasificación de grado tumoral acorde a Consenso OMS/ISUP mostró distribución equitativa de carcinomas de bajo y alto grado (22 casos en cada categoría), cuyo patrón de expresión anormal de E-Cd en carcinomas de alto grado en relación a bajo grado fue tambien significativa (p= 0,02). Siguiendo la estadificación de TNM, 22 casos fueron considerados p Ta (no infiltrantes de lámina propia) y 24 como p T1 (infiltrantes de lámina propia); la expresión anormal de caderinas predomina en estadio pT1 (p= 0,02). Con respecto a la evolución de estos pacientes, en el seguimiento se constataron recidivas en 31 casos (67 %), de los que 17 pacientes recidivaron en más de una oportunidad, y 18 lo hicieron en forma temprana, antes de 12 meses luego de la resección de la primera neoplasia. El patrón de expresión anormal de E- Cd en el primer tumor se asocia ignificativamente con la ocurrencia de recidivas (p=0,04), con la aparición de mas de una recidiva (p=0,01) y recidivas tempranas (p= 0,008). La progresión tumoral se constató en 8 pacientes (26 %), con asociación significactiva de expresión de E-Cd (p= 0,02). El tiempo libre de progresión (sin recurrencia) posee asociación significativa con grado tumoral según clasificación de OMS y Consenso (p= 0,01 para cada uno de los sistemas de clasificación), y con expresión anormal de Caderinas (p= 0,02).
Verónica Bengió
Soares, Joana Nunes da Fonseca Pereira. « Adenocarcinoma da próstata incidental : um estudo retrospectivo ». Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/24084.
Texte intégralIntroduction: Prostate Cancer (CaP) is the most prevalent visceral tumour in males and one of the main oncological death causes. However, the prevalence of CaP far surpasses that of clinically diagnosed disease. Incidental prostate cancer is defined as prostate cancer which is diagnosed incidentally from histopathologic analysis of a surgically obtained specimen from different types of surgery such as radical cystoprostatectomy (RCP), open adenectomy (OA) or transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), as opposed to being diagnosed clinically. Studies have reported wide-ranging frequencies of incidental CaP and its incidence is also related with the clinical setting and type of surgical procedure that warrants its diagnosis. Recent studies have demonstrated that the clinical course of incidental CaP is not always favourable, reporting a 10-year CaP specific mortality rate as high as 26.6%. Objectives: To report the presence and characteristics of incidental CaP in patients undergoing RCP, OA or TURP patients at our department over a five year period. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 70 men who underwent RCP between 2008 and 2014 and of 965 men who underwent TURP or OA from 2008 to 2012, at our institution. Age, pre-operative PSA, CaP grade and stage, Gleason Score, follow-up strategy as well as PSA progression were recorded in all patients with incidental CaP. We also recorded bladder tumour stage and surgical margin status in the patients who had undergone RCP as well as PSA density for patients with incidental CaP detected by TURP or OA. Results: 14 patients from a total of 70 had CaP detected by RCP, 4 of them being multifocal. Most of these patients had no evidence of extracapsular disease (13 patients with pT2 stage). One had positive surgical margins. Five of the patients with incidental CaP had clinically important tumours. We obtained follow-up data in 13 patients with an average duration of 20 months (6-55 months) and none of them showed biochemical recurrence.There were no patients who died due to prostate cancer. Incidental CaP was diagnosed in 37 patients (3.83%) of a total of 965 patients who underwent surgical treatment for BPH (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia), 673 TURP’s and 292 OA’s. In our series, 18 patients (48.6%) had CaP pT1a stage while 19 (51.4%) were diagnosed with pT1b stage cancer. We obtained follow-up data in 26 patients with an average duration of 39 months (8-70 months). Thirteen patients (50%) chose watchful waiting (WW), four (15.4%) received radiotherapy, two (7.7%)underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) and seven (26.9%) received hormone therapy (HT). We found biochemical recurrence in 3 patients. Discussion and Conclusions: Regardless of the widely used screening for prostate cancer with PSA (Prostate-specific antigen), incidental Cap still represents a non-negligible and frequent clinical entity, suggesting that the diagnostic tools currently available are not always effective. Recent studies show significant CaP specific mortality rates, which point out the need of good decision-making when it comes to correctly manage these patients. Further studies focusing on biologic and clinical markers of disease progression are mandatory to identify high-risk patients and to develop improved follow-up strategies.
Introdução: O adenocarcinoma da próstata (CaP) é a neoplasia maligna visceral mais comum no sexo masculino e uma das principais causas de morte oncológica. Ainda assim, a sua prevalência real excede a da doença clinicamente detectável. O CaP incidental define-se como todo o cancro da próstata que não é diagnosticado clinicamente mas antes de forma incidental após exame histopatológico de amostras obtidas por vários procedimentos cirúrgicos, nomeadamente cistoprostatectomia radical (CPR), prostatectomia aberta (PA) e ressecção transuretral da próstata (RTUP). As taxas de detecção de adenocarcinoma da próstata incidental são altamente variáveis e encontram-se dependentes da cirurgia que permitiu o seu diagnóstico. Estudos recentes revelam que o CaP incidental nem sempre é indolente, com taxas de mortalidade específica por CaP até 26.6% aos 10 anos. Objetivos: O objectivo do nosso trabalho retrospectivo consiste em avaliar a incidência e características de CaP incidental em doentes submetidos a CPR, RTUP ou PA no Serviço de Urologia do Hospital de Santa Maria (CHLN) durante um período de cinco anos. Material e métodos: Foram analisados retrospectivamente os dados clínicos referentes a: 70 homens submetidos a cistoprostatectomia radical na nossa instituição no período compreendido entre 2008 e 2014 e de 965 doentes submetidos a RTUP ou PA no nosso centro no período de 2008 a 2012. Em todos os doentes com CaP incidental, as variáveis analisadas foram a idade, PSA pré-operatório, estádio T, score de Gleason, abordagem terapêutica e progressão do PSA. Nos doentes submetidos a CPR foi ainda analisado o estádio TNM do carcinoma vesical e margens cirúrgicas. Nos doentes submetidos a RTUP ou PA foi também analisada a densidade do PSA. Resultados: Dos doentes submetidos a CPR, 14 (20%) em 70 tinham evidência de CaP incidental, 4 deles multifocais, a maioria sem doença extracapsular (13 doentes em estádio pT2). Um doente apresentou margem cirúrgica positiva. Observaram-se cinco casos de tumores clinicamente significativos. Foi feito seguimento em 13 pacientes, com uma média de 20 meses (6-55 meses) e o CaP não foi causa de morte em nenhum deles. Nenhum doente teve recidiva bioquímica. De um total de 965 doentes submetidos a cirurgia por HBP (Hiperplasia Benigna da Próstata) (673 RTUP’s e 292 PA’s), 37 (3.83%) tinham CaP incidental. O CaP incidental estádio pT1a foi detectado em 18 doentes (48.6%). Os restantes 19 (51.4%) tinham CaP pT1b. Foram seguidos 26 doentes com uma média de seguimento de 39 (8-70) meses; 50%(n=13) foram tratados com terapêutica expectante[TE], 15,4%(n=4) com radioterapia externa[RTE], 7,7%(n=2) com prostatectomia radical[PR] e 26,9%(n=7) com terapêutica hormonal [TH]. Verificou-se recorrência bioquímica em 3 doentes. Discussão e Conclusões: Apesar do uso sistemático do PSA, o CaP incidental não é infrequente sugerindo que os métodos de detecção precoce nem sempre são eficazes. Estudos recentes demonstram taxas de mortalidade específica por CaP incidental significativas o que obriga a seguimento cuidadoso destes doentes. São necessários novos estudos sobre marcadores biológicos e clínicos desta entidade clínica que permitam uma melhor estratificação dos doentes com CaP incidental em termos de risco de progressão de forma a estabelecer melhores estratégias de seguimento.