Articles de revues sur le sujet « Caput Adriae »

The unusual bronze lamp discovered in test excavations in 1952 in Kortina near Koper represents the so-called Adria type occurring in the Caput Adriae area in late medieval times and in the early modern age. Scarce archaeological data are supplemented and combined with ethnological and art historical evidence. The appearance and functionality are well explained by ethnographic parallels, whereas the artistic depiction sheds light on various manners of their use. Such a multidisciplinary analysis gives a deeper and at the same time broader approach to this interesting object of cultural heritage.

In the last decade several archaeological projects concerning metallurgical tradition and techniques, were carried out on metal finds from various sites around the Northern Adriatic and in the Eastern Alps. The pieces, made of different metals, are dated to various periods, between the Late Bronze Age and Late Antiquity. The results of different kinds of analytical techniques, applied to several hundreds of archaeological metal artefacts from this area, are presented and evaluated in the paper. The different metallurgical techniques and traditions, identified during the researches are illustrated, compared and interpreted. An overview of the available data and of the general trends of ancient metallurgy in this broader area is attempted.

V prispevku je obravnavano keramično gradivo s treh gradišč starejše železne dobe, kjer so potekale raziskave zadnjih trideset let in ki pomenijo izhodišče za vzpostavitev kronološke slike naselbinske keramike na Krasu. Poleg stratigrafskih podatkov predstavljamo ugotovitve makroskopske analize tehnologije keramike in primerjalne študije najdb z drugimi sočasnimi najdišči na prostoru Caput Adriae. Vzpostavljena kronološka slika naselbinske keramike je prvi tovrsten poskus pregleda keramike za obravnavani prostor.

The hoard from Moravička Sela in Gorski Kotar (Croatia), discovered thirty years ago, is a medium-sized hoard with a mixed composition, containing typologically different and differently preserved objects. With its defined, most likely reduced inventory, we have acquired a smaller number of tools and weapons, half products and items of symbolic importance. Its place of discovery could be included in the distribution of the hoards of the II Late Bronze Age horizon on the broader territory of Caput Adriae and its hinterland in the 13th and early 12th century BC. Its composition reflects, in particular, the cultural connections ranging from the south-eastern Alpine region to the wider Pannonian and Carpathian area. Therefore, the hoard from Moravička Sela can be interpreted as a materialized act of precisely determined cultural knowledge from a broader but contemporary cultural network of meaning.

The hoard from Moravička Sela in Gorski Kotar (Croatia), discovered thirty years ago, is a medium-sized hoard with a mixed composition, containing typologically different and differently preserved objects. With its defined, most likely reduced inventory, we have acquired a smaller number of tools and weapons, half products and items of symbolic importance. Its place of discovery could be included in the distribution of the hoards of the II Late Bronze Age horizon on the broader territory of Caput Adriae and its hinterland in the 13th and early 12th century BC. Its composition reflects, in particular, the cultural connections ranging from the south-eastern Alpine region to the wider Pannonian and Carpathian area. Therefore, the hoard from Moravička Sela can be interpreted as a materialized act of precisely determined cultural knowledge from a broader but contemporary cultural network of meaning.

V brezno Mušje jame pri Škocjanu na Krasu so v okviru kultnih obredov metali najmanj štiri stoletja bronasto orožje, zaščitno bojno opremo, posode in drugo. Ob prenehanju teh obredov na območju Škocjana so se v zaledju Caput Adriae pojavili posebni depoji vrste Tržišče-Porpetto z železnim orožjem, med katerim prevladujejo sulične osti. Razlikovati je mogoče med starejšo in mlajšo skupino teh depojev, ki se ločita tudi po sestavi in razprostranjenosti. Za starejšo skupino, ki jo zasledimo v Istri, na Krasu in na Notranjskem, je značilno, da so v depojih zastopane tudi še maloštevilne bronaste sulične osti in sekire, med železnim orožjem pa so poleg suličnih osti in sekir tudi kratki ukri- vljeni meči – mahaire. V dveh depojih so bile pridane tudi čelada in tri konjske brzde. Ta skupina je datirana v obdobje med koncem 8. in sredino 6. st. pr. n. št. Mlajšo skupino depojev najdemo v Posočju in Furlaniji. V njih ni več bronastega orožja in mahair, pač pa nove oblike železnega orožja (sekire z enostranskimi plavutmi, uhata sekira, železno bodalo) in konjske opreme (brzda z železnima psalijama U-oblike). Zakopani so bili v drugi polovici 6. oziroma v 4. st. pr. n. št.

The south-western part of the Carinthian (or Frög) group of the Early Iron Age, located between the valley of the Gail/Zilja and Villach/Beljak (Rosegg/Rožek), bordered the Veneti in northern Italy and the Sveta Lucija group in western Slovenia. The relationships with these neighbours, alongside the trade in amber from the Baltic Sea, salt from Hallstatt and Dürrnberg, as well as iron and lead from the Alps, brought to the eastern Alpine areas not only foreign luxury goods, but also people and ideas. One communication with the southern neighbours led across the Predel/Predil Pass, evidence of which can be found in a pin with a moulded neck from Napoleonwiese at Villach that has parallels in Tolmin. Further along the Soča/Isonzo, contacts between Caput Adriae and Carinthia/Kärnten may be reflected in the pottery with lead appliqués. Evidence of such contacts and circulations of ideas can also be seen in the use and development of the Unec type pendants, in the boat fibulae (Kahnfibeln) of the Villach type and the Paularo type of east Alpine animal-headed fibulae (ostalpine Tierkopffibel) that indicate a common artisanal tradition in Posočje and Kärnten in the 5th/4th century BC, as well as in the commonalities that the tumulus from Schmeißer Boden at Gurina shows with the tumuli in Mel near Belluno.

The presented research deals with ornamented bronze phalerae with a thorn from several cultural groups from the territory of the Northern Adriatic and its hinterland. It was motivated by the treating of such a phalera discovered in Osor on the island of Cres in Kvarner. Considered and critically evaluated in a broader cultural context, the phalerae were formally analysed and due to their stylistic features divided in to four basic types with further variants. Type I being the characteristic for the area of Caput Adriae and its Alps hinterland (Figs. 2-5, 13), type II for the territory of the of Italic Piceni (Figs. 5-8), type III for the westernBalkan area of Dinaric Alps (Fig. 5,10) and type IV for the territory of ancient Macedonia (Figs. 10-11). The mutual relationship of individual types has been the backbone of the research history (Fig. 12). However, the concentration of individual types inspecific areas demonstrated, despite their similarities, a degree of individuality in aestheticism and a localspecific fabrication, wearing and depositing habits which separate them as an individual jewelry groups ideologically and semantically present in the attire of the wider cultural area. Contrary to the previous research for this publication the majority of discoveredphalerae were collected and analyzed. Consequently we were able to observe as much as 10 examples of Type I phalerae from the wider area of Caput Adriae. Due to their quantity, they can be considered as being one of the cultural characteristics of the area of Škocjan. The area, the phalera from Osor should be considered as being directly related to. Their spatialdistribution demonstrates specific interrelationship of those cultural areas reflected in the communication of ambiguity, non-verbal in particular. From the demonstrated we can also notice the disproportionality in their use of being part attire in individual cultures. Apart from highly valuable attire of the deceased women in Vergina and the luxurious attire of the Picenianwomen, they will also designate the highly privileged status of the local aristocracies. And their exceptionally intensified equivalents can be seen in the attires of the southern Lucani and Enotri (Fig. 9). From the same perspective one should evaluate the rich, large hoards with a mixed composition from the western Balkan area such as Krehin Gradac and Veliki Mošunj(Fig. 5, 13-20) where the reflection of the female principles is more than evident. Observed through this perspective, the attire from the area of northern Adriatic’s and alpine hinterlands seems rather modest which could be partially attributed to the relatively small number of precise details about the context of their discoveries. While at the same time, in majorityof cases it bears testimony in favor of their semantic and semiotic value, of their sense and essence of the artifact itself. Of an artifact, a part of specific attire, which was most probably worn as an accessory on the clothing of eminent female individuals. Phalerae were, besides some other elements of attire/jewelry the initiators for a tighter synchronized cultural andchronological evaluation of cultural groups from the territory of the Eastern Adriatic coast, through the Western Balkans and the Macedonian-Aegean territory in the period from the second half of the 10th to the beginning of the 8th century BC marking the new Iron Age cultural environment. In this perspective, more precise dating of the variant I phalerae alsocontributed to this issue, should we accept the fact that the fragment of ornamented bronze metal sheet from the grave 156 of Brežec necropolis near Škocjan (Fig. 13) is a fragment of this type of phalerae. Due to the presence of a fragment of fibulae with four spirals joint with rolled up bronze tape of the so called Este type (Fig. 14) dated to the phase Este II, we can noticeassume the use of these phalerae already in the period from 9th to the 8th century BC, according to revised periodization.Formal and comparative analysis in cultures with different aesthetics explained that neither the selection of the object itself, according to its size, form and decoration, nor its discoveries in context of wealthy

e4195117This essay aims to problematize the relationship between work condition and professional insertion, considering that the elements that constitute teaching work conditions can have a negative impact on professional development, needing to be taken into account when investigating the phenomenon of evasion and career abandonment, especially by beginning teachers. Assuming that the career is a process of marking and incorporating individuals into the institutionalized practices and routines of the work teams, which depends on positive conditions to consolidate and that it is through the structuring of the career that the objective conditions of the teaching work are manifested, some elements that make up the teaching career considered in this essay, are considered fundamental for the understanding of professional development: a) forms of hiring, b) working hours, c) the number of students per class and classes and of schools in which the beginning teacher teaches, d) the training times and the spaces offered by the institutions, e) the support offered to these professionals. We argue that any analysis that is intended to be made on the professional insertion in the teaching career needs to contemplate the innumerable cleavages that directly affect labor relations and that further intensify the difficulties faced by those who begin to exercise teaching work.ResumoEste ensaio tem como objetivo problematizar a relação entre condição de trabalho e inserção profissional, considerando que os elementos que constituem as condições de trabalho docente podem repercutir negativamente no desenvolvimento profissional, necessitando serem levados em consideração quando se investiga o fenômeno da evasão e do abandono da carreira, em especial pelos professores iniciantes. Partindo do princípio de que a carreira é um processo de marcação e de incorporação dos indivíduos às práticas e rotinas institucionalizadas das equipes de trabalho, que depende de condições positivas para se consolidar e que é por meio da estruturação da carreira que se manifestam as condições objetivas do trabalho docente, são apontados neste ensaio alguns elementos que compõem a carreira docente, considerados fundantes para a compreensão do desenvolvimento profissional: a) as formas de contratação, b) as jornadas de trabalho, c) o número de alunos por turma, de turmas e de escolas em que o professor iniciante leciona, d) os tempos e espaços de formação ofertados pelas instituições, e) os apoios ofertados a esses profissionais. Defendemos que qualquer análise que se pretenda fazer sobre a inserção profissional na carreira docente precisa contemplar as inúmeras clivagens que incidem diretamente nas relações de trabalho e que adensam ainda mais as dificuldades enfrentadas pelos que começam a exercer o trabalho docente.Palavras-chave: Condições de trabalho, Inserção à docência, Professor iniciante.Keywords: Working conditions, Teaching induction, Beginning teacher.ReferencesBLOMMAERT, Jan. Ethnography, superdiversity and linguistic landscapes: chronicles of complexity. Bristol: Multilingual Matters, 2013. 144 p.BRASIL. [Constituição (1988)]. Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988. Brasília, DF: Presidência da República, [2016]. Disponível em: http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/Constituicao/ Constituicao.htm. Acesso em: 1 jan. 2017.BRASIL. Lei nº 11.738, de 16 de Julho de 2008. 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The unusual bronze lamp discovered in test excavations in 1952 in Kortina near Koper represents the so-called Adria type occurring in the Caput Adriae area in late medieval times and in the early modern age. Scarce archaeological data are supplemented and combined with ethnological and art historical evidence. The appearance and functionality are well explained by ethnographic parallels, whereas the artistic depiction sheds light on various manners of their use. Such a multidisciplinary analysis gives a deeper and at the same time broader approach to this interesting object of cultural heritage.

In this paper, we discuss the Neolithic transition to farming in Northern Adriatic, lactose tolerance, dairying and lipid biomarkers on pottery. While archaeological and biochemical data suggest that dairying was adopted in the Neolithic in Europe, archaeogenetic data show the absence of the allelic variant –13910*T and zero persistence in Neolithic populations in Europe. The Mala Triglavca case study shows that the Early Neolithic economy in the Caput Adriae region was mixed. It consisted of milk and processed milk, meat animal products, freshwater fish and various plants. The Vlaška group herders managed a broader spectrum of resources than exclusively ovicaprids, and were able to produce a wide range of low-lactose, storable products by fermenting milk.

The article examines two-part bow fibulae (of the Osor type, variant A, or II according to D. Glogović), which formed a part of female attire in the region of Liburnia during the 9th and 8th centuries BC. Given their bow shapes and long, decorated pins these fibulae can be related to the two-part bow fibulae with conical helices also of the Osor type. Therefore, it can be presumed that the two-part bow fibulae discussed here originally formed part of headdress decorations or elaborate hairstyles as well. Special attention is given to the presence of such fibulae at the site of Škocjan, both at the necropolis and within the hoard of Mušja jama. As the site in question is fairly distant from the main Liburnian region, the attested examples both of single-looped bow fibulae with two knobs and of two-part bow fibulae are interpreted in relation to Škocjan as a “sacredplace” of supra-regional importance.