Articles de revues : « Business enterprises – Political aspects »

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YERMAK, Svitlana, et Yuliia ZHABROVETS. « Strategic aspects of improving business processes of confectionery industry of Ukraine in competition conditions ». Economics. Finances. Law 6/1, n^o - (29 juin 2022) : 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2022.6(1).5.

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Introduction. Uncertainty of the current economic and political situation in Ukraine, the consequences of the long-lasting COVID-19 pandemic, military invasion of the country caused changes in market conditions, caused increased competition in all sectors of the economy, which in turn affected business processes and created difficult conditions for their development. The purpose of the paper is to assess the competitive environment of the confectionery industry of Ukraine and study the strategic aspects of business processes of its leaders. Results. The positions of Ukrainian confectionery enterprises in the world and Ukrainian rankings are analyzed, the volumes of their activity are analyzed; the leader of the confectionery industry among the main competitors - the company “Roshen” was selected, the analysis of the microenvironment of the enterprise was carried out, the main competitive advantages and problems of its activity were investigated; the comparison of business processes of the leading company (managerial, main and supporting) with the key factors of success of the enterprise, identified problematic business processes that need to be improved in the strategic perspective. Conclusion. The Ukrainian confectionery market is represented by a large number of entities that meet consumer requirements. ROSHEN has the greatest competitive advantage among foreign companies in the Ukrainian confectionery market, which has a competitive strategy of “Maintaining market share and maintaining a leading position”. Constant changes in the external environment, growing uncertainty and risk in the operation of enterprises force them to look for new tools and methods to improve business processes in the strategic perspective. The article analyzes and highlights the main business processes of the leader of the confectionery industry of Ukraine, which need to be improved in the strategic perspective. Further research will be devoted to the choice of methods and tools for improving business processes.

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Gorman, Julian T., Melissa Bentivoglio, Chris Brady, Penelope Wurm, Sivaram Vemuri et Yasmina Sultanbawa. « Complexities in developing Australian Aboriginal enterprises based on natural resources ». Rangeland Journal 42, n^o 2 (2020) : 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj20010.

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Across the world’s rangelands, livelihoods of millions of people are dependent on customary and commercial use of wildlife. Many Australian Aboriginal communities also aspire towards developing natural resource-based enterprises but there is a unique combination of historical, legislative and cultural factors that make this process complex. Typically, government support for Indigenous enterprise development has focussed largely on development of ‘social enterprise’, with subsidies coming from various government community development programs. This has resulted in some increase in participation and employment, but often inadequate attention to economic aspects of enterprise development leading to low levels of business success. This paper will examine historical, legislative and institutional dimensions in business development in Aboriginal communities. It does this through a case study of business enterprise development of the Kakadu Plum products by the Indigenous people of the Thamarrurr Region of the Northern Territory, Australia, using a participant observation research method. We found that attention on important economic criteria was subsumed by a focus on social enterprise priorities during the development of this natural resource-based enterprise. This resulted in a very slow transition of the ‘social enterprise’ to the ‘financial enterprise’, due largely to fragmented business decisions and inefficient value chains. We call for a refocus of natural resource-based enterprise development programs in remote Australian Aboriginal townships to incorporate greater emphasis on business acumen within the complex social, cultural and political fabric.

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Cyvínová, Petra. « The teoretical aspects of the methodology draft of strategy of the crisis management in existing enterprise ». Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 54, n^o 6 (2006) : 225–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200654060225.

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The crisis is a conception, which is very often used in a lot of situations at the present – crisis of environment, political crisis and also enterprise crisis. If we aim at an attention to the enterprise crisis, so we can comprehend the crisis as a variation from a normal state, which limits or makes it impossible for the company to execute its basic objectives. The impacts of this situation can infringe notably the company, its employee, products, services and goodwill.A lot of factors exist, which influence and threaten the enterprises. It is very important to learn to diagnose and identify the approaching problems or crises in time and be able to resolve these problems and crises, because the enterprise crisis is a common part of sphere of business in our society.Identification of real causes of the enterprise crisis, nomination of the crisis management, shot-term centralization of the competences in management‘s hands, realization of the complex of the curative measures, definition and enforcement of the new corporate strategy belong among the fundamentals in crisis management organization.The paper is focused on the methodical procedure, with the help of this procedure it is possible find the factors in the company, which can lead to the existence of the crisis situations in the enterprise. The enterprises can formulate the subjects and recommendation on the basis of this methodical procedure, which would lead to solving cause and after-effects of the crisis and the enterprise can determine the choice of strategy with reference to an internal and external company position, which means that the enterprises determine measures and process to limit or eliminate the crisis. The study has methodical character and can be used in the enterprises.

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Shynkar, Svitlana, Bohdan Brynzei, Natalia Rozumovych et Marian Kurliak. « Modeling the effects of key threats on the economic security of industrial enterprises ». SHS Web of Conferences 67 (2019) : 04010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20196704010.

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The current business environment of industrial enterprises is characterized not only by the complexity of transformational processes in the national economy, political and social tensions, increased competition from foreign producers and the introduction of protectionist measures from importing countries, etc., but above all the unpredictability of changes in the environment. This aspect should be considered as the cornerstone in the development of a new approach to the formation of a strategy to ensure the economic security of industrial enterprises. The purpose of the study is to examine the theoretical and methodological aspects of the formation and implementation the strategy to ensure the economic security of industrial enterprises in order to create the basis for their safe development.

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Harman, Elizabeth J. « GOVERNMENT AND BUSINESS IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA, 1983–85 : LEGAL AND POLITICAL ASPECTS OFTHE NEW HYBRID ENTERPRISES ». Australian Journal of Public Administration 45, n^o 3 (septembre 1986) : 247–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8500.1986.tb01537.x.

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Maksimov, Maksim I., et Alisa O. Kudryakova. « ANALYSIS OF THE FEATURES OF RISK PROCESSING AT SME BUSINESSES : PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS ». EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE : PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 8/1, n^o 128 (2022) : 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2022.08.01.019.

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Risk management or risk processing is one of the most popular areas in modern management science. There is a perfectly reasonable explanation for this. The current situation in the economy and socio-political sphere has no historical analogues: the complexity of problems, the level of uncertainty and risks are challenges that the business community has never faced. Under these conditions, not only commercial success, but also their very survival directly depends on the processing of risks that this or that enterprise uses. Modern business practices offer a fairly large range of solutions aimed at managing risks in a wide range of business activities. At the same time, the psychological aspects of working on a risky agenda often remain behind the scenes. At the same time, it is obvious that the readiness of the management core of the organization to responsibly and reasonably carry out risk processing very much depends on the likelihood of the overall success of its activities. This trend is especially clear for small and medium-sized businesses. For them, in the current conditions, the identification, assessment and management of risks becomes a key task, and the role of managers in this activity becomes absolutely decisive. As part of this study, the case of the company Business Circle LLC was considered. The main objectives of the study were to review the most critical risks for domestic business and approaches to risk management, which should be recognized as the most effective and successfully proven, to analyze the role of the managerial core in the risk management process, to identify key psychological aspects that affect the attitude towards risks, to develop recommendations for more effective risk management for companies belonging to the cluster of small and medium-sized businesses. The authors believe that the solutions that were developed and implemented at the object of study are quite universal and can increase the efficiency of risk processing at enterprises similar to Business Krug LLC in terms of scale of activity.

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Sitorus, Silvy Anita Theresia, et Avanti Fontana. « Business Model Improvement : A Study Case of Channeling through E-commerce ». Journal of International Conference Proceedings 4, n^o 1 (22 juillet 2021) : 197–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.32535/jicp.v4i1.1141.

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Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises or MSMEs contribute to domestic economic growth. However, in the course of business, MSMEs still have obstacles. From the standpoint of internal, namely aspects of non-financial capacity such as management, personnel, marketing, and production, as well as financial aspects such as access to sources of financing, profitability management, and profit growth. External factors, namely political, economic, social, technological, and health situations, have an impact on the stability of business performance. Advances in technology, supported by infrastructure and ease of regulation, have encouraged the growth and development of digital-based businesses. This business coaching method focused on the activities at XYZ's Crackers Business, an Indonesian MSME. The purpose of this business coaching activity is to develop marketing channels for XYZ businesses. Data was collected through interviews, observations and surveys. The data is then collected and analyzed through Business Model Canvas analysis, SWOT and TOWS Business Model Canvas analysis, PESTEL analysis, market opportunity analysis (STP), Marketing Mix analysis, and Gap analysis. The solution obtained is to improve the business model, namely the channel element in the form of adding an online store through e-commerce.

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Basenko, V. P., et V. A. Dianova. « SYSTEM ASPECTS OF INTERACTION OF SPATIAL STRUCTURES OF THE CITY ». Scientific bulletin of the Southern Institute of Management, n^o 1 (30 mars 2017) : 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31775/2305-3100-2017-1-43-50.

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Ctivities of all managing directors, irrespective of where they are busy: in commercial enterprise, government, municipal department or university, takes place in fixed interaction with the external environment. In spite of the fact that managing directors only in insignificant degree can influence the external environment (or isn’t able to do it at all), they can’t ignore it, are obliged to react to it adequately. Undoubtedly, managing directors can react when changes in the surrounding external environment are already obvious, but it is much better to expect these changes. For simplification of identification of the sectors of the external environment exerting a certain impact on all types of the entities we classify them as economic, technological, social, political and ethical. Of course, this classification mild. Buyers are the most important factor in the economic activity of commercial enterprises turned outside. Without consumers the business company can’t simply exist. For successful performance the entity shall in every possible way aim to learn that people want and are ready to purchase. Business activity of the entity was always determined by the relative level of its technologies. If the commercial enterprise isn’t aware of the last technological achievements which can be used as in a production process of goods and the provided services, and for enhancement of methods of work, then it in a considerable measure is doomed to failure, especially in the conditions of a fierce competition.

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Bilotskiy, Sergiy, Nicole Danylova, Olena Grinenko, Oleksandra Karmaza et Daria Koucherets. « Legal and economic aspects of Ukrainian enterprises activity at the European renewable energy market ». Investment Management and Financial Innovations 14, n^o 2 (2 juin 2017) : 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.14(2).2017.07.

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The article deals with a current trend of the global energy market, which is characterized by rising tension in relations between the performers of the energy market regulation mechanisms, and it leads to the emergence of alternative energy sources. The article is called to identify the causes of renewable energy markets nascence, to make comparative description of Ukrainian and European Renewable Energy Markets attractiveness, and to characterize the state policy change in a renewable energy market. Different interpretation of nature and classification of the field of renewable energy in foreign and Ukrainian approaches shows the problem of legal criteria of renewable energy markets regulation. It is proved the existence of double barrier penetration of the European market for renewable energy for Ukrainian companies, which includes compliance with the accepted EU Directives and compliance with the Rules of each member individually. The presence of clearly defined standards and certificates of quality for the European market allows producers to show the competitiveness of Ukrainian products in the international market and stimulate Ukrainian manufacturers. The presence of clearly formulated laws, stable and balanced political and legal environment of the EU allows Ukrainian producers of renewable energy to develop such a strategy that considers the time factor, as the primary parameter of competitiveness in international business. The market of solid biofuels in EU is under formation, its development timeframe and uncertainty of environmental risks becoming is especially important for Ukrainian producers.

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Bakalinska, Olga O., Valeriy I. Polyukhovych, Volodymyr I. Korol et Oksana V. Kiriiak. « Some Aspects of Harmonisation of Ukraine’s Competition Legislation to EU Standards ». International Journal of Criminology and Sociology 10 (31 décembre 2020) : 450–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2021.10.53.

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In modern conditions, obtaining information about market dynamics, trends in demand, and alternative offers from competitors is vital to support the effective operation of enterprises. It is also common business practice to discuss legislative initiatives, non-confidential technical information, quality and safety standards, and various aspects of the industry. However, the direct or indirect exchange of information may be accompanied by various wrongful intentions of economic entities (for example, elimination of competitors, creation of entry barriers, agreement on price levels, certain discounts, sales volumes, and the market's geographical distribution, etc.). In Ukraine, there are currently no analogues of a full-fledged guide to information exchange between competitors, which determined the relevance of this study. The purpose of the study is to establish regulatory, economic principles for assessing the exchange of information between enterprises operating in the relevant market, in the context of compliance with legislation on protection of economic competition; analysis of the progressive international practice of cessation of violations in the form of information exchange, which leads to distortion of economic competition. In Ukraine, it is necessary to adopt the Guidelines for the Exchange of Information between Competitors (from now on referred to as "the Guidelines"), raising awareness of the business community (including associations and chambers of commerce), lawyers, and society in general regarding the main aspects of the competition compliance with competition law in order to promote fair business activities, protect the competitive environment and, as a consequence, improve consumer welfare.

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Alamsyah, Erik Bisri, Kushartono Kushartono et Yoan Catur Arinsa. « PENGARUH INFLASI TERHADAP KESTABILAN DAN EKSISTENSI USAHA EKONOMI MIKRO ». YOS SOEDARSO ECONOMICS JOURNAL 3, n^o 1 (3 mai 2021) : 53–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.53027/yej.v3i1.203.

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Indonesia, as a developing country, realizes the importance of economic development to create national welfare. This national development covers various aspects of life such as the political, social, cultural, economic and defense and security sectors aimed at meeting the needs of all Indonesian people, whose main objective is towards a just and prosperous Indonesian society.Economic growth is a measure for the success of a country's development, especially in the economic field. A country has an economic growth that has increased continuously every year will promote development in that country. In macroeconomics, the overall economic condition of a country is explained in relation to economic growth. The success of a country's development lies in its economic growth. Therefore, the ups and downs of the economy will certainly affect several sectors.In the economy of a country or a region, in fact there are various sectors that show the level of economic growth, namely the formal and informal sectors. In the informal sector, generally small businesses with limited capital, scope and development and received very little official protection from the government. There are also many informal sectors that can be appointed as an activity or job to generate income in a community, one of which is establishing their own business or by establishing micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs). Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises are the business groups that have the largest number. The micro, small and medium enterprises are regulated based on Law Number 20 of 2008 concerning UMKM Article 1 number 1 what is meant by Micro Enterprises are productive businesses owned by individuals or individuals and / or individual business entities.2 Micro Economic Businesses are businesses that have the potential to be affected by the impact of there is an economic phenomenon, namely inflation.Keywords: UMKM; National development; National Economy.

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Birbirenko, Svitlana, Yuliia Zhadanova et Natalia Banket. « Influence of pandemic of coronavirus infection COVID-19 on economic resilience of Ukrainian enterprises ». Economic Annals-ХХI 183, n^o 5-6 (4 juin 2020) : 66–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21003/ea.v183-07.

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Introduction. Modern Ukrainian enterprises operate in conditions of uncertainty and risk which could develop in unpredictable way. Currently the critical situation for Ukrainian economy is determined by the spread of pandemic of coronavirus infection COVID-19, which has acquired a global nature. Under the circumstances which has brought the pandemic, many Ukrainian enterprises approached the verge of bankruptcy due to the absence of management mechanism, which main objective is ensuring of economic resilience and maximum management efficiency and creating ability for prospective growth of their potential under the circumstances of force majeure. The objective of this paper is to study an influence of pandemic of coronavirus infection COVID-19 on economic resilience of Ukrainian enterprises with defining of negative and positive aspects for creation of a background which would enable a development of Ukrainian business in the future. Results. The global spread of coronavirus infection COVID-19 contributed to risk of recession in the world economy, index of world GDP growth for 2019 equals 2.9%, while the predicted values display its reduction by 3% for 2020, and by 5.8% in 2021. The GDP growth for Ukraine in 2019 equals 3.2%, its reduction in 2020 will make 7.7% and reduction predicted for 2021 makes 3.6%. The number of unemployed has increased in 2020 by 48% compared to the same period of 2019, and according to the forecasts of National Bank of Ukraine in ІІІ quarter of 2020 the rate of unemployment will grow by 12% compared to І quarter of the year. The arrears in wage equal USD 112.7 million. The state budget income deficit equals 29.6%, and specifically customs revenue has decreased by 32.2%. The fiscal revenue for May 2020 displays a slippage by 8.5% compared to May 2019. Currently one third of Ukrainian enterprises lost about 50-75% of their revenue. Most of enterprises of Ukraine show a remarkable growth of accounts receivable, and 7% of enterprises came to a near halt. It means that a new crisis will only make the make larger a rupture between Ukraine and developed countries both in aspect of competitiveness of economy and in that life quality. With regard to necessity of resumption of the operation of enterprises and ensuring their economic resilience almost all countries in the world, which were affected by the pandemic, take certain measures for resuscitation. The major part of the affected countries of the world, including Ukraine, showed their unpreparedness to face the challenges like a pandemic of coronavirus infection. The hard circumstances that Ukrainian entrepreneurs have got in were resulted not only from external political and economic factors, but were determined by the instruments of internal policy of Ukraine, what has led to reduction of business activity, reduction in public consumption and unemployment growth, which factors eventually undermine the mechanism of reproduction in national economy. Another factor which influences Ukrainian economy in a deleterious way is a reduction in global demand, which contributes to a decline in export capabilities of the country. Almost every economic sector of Ukraine sustained major losses, which have significantly influenced the general state of state economy. Only in case of fulfillment by Cabinet of Ministers and National Bank of Ukraine of economically justified efficient anti-crisis program the state has chance to survive the crisis with damages lower than other countries will have. Despite the deleterious effect that coronavirus exercises on Ukrainian economy, there are also some positive aspects of this situation, and the main of them is gaining experience, which would be able to help in the future while managing the country’s own economic resilience to take into account an option functioning in critical circumstances of global extent. Conclusions. The main problem of Ukrainian business nowadays is the poor knowledge of strategies of enterprise functioning in conditions of force majeure of global extent. The key aspects of efficient anti-crisis program on ensuring of economic resilience of Ukrainian enterprises must include risk assessment, development of well-defined business plan, increasing adaptivity to threats which occur under conditions of continuous business processes and constant iteration and business renewal, which has to face any challenge both on national and global level.

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Blizkiy, Roman Sergeevich, et Yuliya Sergeevna Lebedinskaya. « Fundamentals of formation and problems of development of small and medium-sized enterprises : digital transformation ». Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series : Economics 2022, n^o 3 (30 septembre 2022) : 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-5537-2022-3-55-61.

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The modern assessment of the state of the economy in the world has become widespread in the context of the systemic paradigm, according to which two aspects of the consideration of the economy can be distinguished: interaction of macroeconomics with the state and society; space-time continuum of different levels of the economy (micro-, meso- and macro levels). In terms of the ongoing global political contradictions, financial and economic crises, socio-ethnic conflicts, COVID-19 restrictions, the issues of in-depth understanding of sustainable mechanisms for economic development are of particular relevance, which involves the development of approaches and measures aimed at stable formation and development in small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs). The solutions are to be found and the scientific hypotheses expressed in assessing the features of the formation and development of small and medium-sized businesses in the Russian Federation are to be formed in the context of digital transformation of business processes. There is studied a wealth of patterns, which accompany various aspects of the formation and development of SMEs, taking into account the harmonization of the features of digital transformations in the field of economic, legal, socio-economic and accounting and analytical systems and tracks of their acceleration. The factors influencing the formation and development of SMEs are graphically interpreted, the main stages in the evolution of the formation of small and medium-sized businesses in the Russian Federation are characterized, and the problems, trends, prospects and main determinants of the features of the development of the object under study are identified through a content analysis and institutional, sociological and economic analysis. There has been worked out a concept of prospects for the development of digital transformation of SMEs including the four main areas (internal potential, adaptive business environment, availability of strategic resources, institutional regulation), which provide a faster transition to the new forms of organizing and running business.

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Isaeva, Olga, Mikhail Kabanenko, Andrey Chistyakov, Lyudmila Dubrova et Nikolay Filin. « The key factors for development of Russian agricultural enterprises of various business patterns ». E3S Web of Conferences 175 (2020) : 13022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017513022.

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The current Russian agro-industrial complex is marked by the complexity of business structures, differentiation of regions according to the definitive aspects of development of the enterprises of various business patterns and the efficiency of their economic activity. The essential direction of farming industry efficiency increase is the development of organizational and economic tools and framework, along with the Corresponding institutional environment, which provide positive results of operation of agricultural enterprises of various business patterns in the country’s economy. In this context, there is an objective necessity for in-depth studies to research the most significant factors influencing the activity of national agricultural enterprises. The given paper is dedicated to discussion of the results of such research. The core results of study aimed to clarify and complete the key factors for the development of economic entities of Russian agricultural sector are presented in the paper. These key factors are divided into five groups according to the area of occurrence: political and administrative, economic, technical and technological, natural environmental, socio-demographic. Each group of factors is considered in summary and the basic sources of occurrence along with the influence of each group of factors are identified.

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Murphy, Patrick J., Artem Kornetskyy et Joseph T. Nixon. « Delineating novel aspects of social enterprise theory ». Social Enterprise Journal 18, n^o 2 (3 novembre 2021) : 364–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sej-04-2021-0036.

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Purpose Social enterprises are defined in practice in terms of one operational model generating measurable value in more than one of the economic, social and natural/ecological value denomination categories. However, entrepreneurship theory does not generally or explicitly reflect this definition, which has generated confusion about the social enterprise concept. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to social enterprise theory by delineating novel aspects of this definition and their conceptual ramifications. Design/methodology/approach The authors review the social enterprise literature with a focus only on the most original contributions and most distinct research questions. The authors do not explicitly review research on traditional for-profit entrepreneurial ventures, not-for-profit/non-governmental organizations or mainstream social entrepreneurial ventures. Findings The authors offer several implications for social enterprise theory based on practices that are unique to the area but not amenable other areas of entrepreneurship. The contribution is instrumental to establishing social enterprise as a distinct theoretic area. Originality/value By focusing on novel aspects of social enterprise not easily explainable by mainstream theoretic traditions, the authors offer an original contribution to the development of social enterprise theory.

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Mostert, J. H., S. J. Steel et F. J. Mostert. « Importance of external environmental labour-related risk factors for financial investment decision-making ». South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 5, n^o 3 (30 septembre 2002) : 644–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v5i3.2746.

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External environmental labour-related risk factors influence the relationship between management and the work force of an enterprise. It is therefore of prime importance to consider these labour-related risk actors in order to be able to take a comprehensive financial investment decision. The risk factors concerned come from the political, economic, social and technological environments. The views of the participating investment practitioners (who are active in the long-term insurance industry) regarding these aspects are analysed against the background of relevant literature. The responses with reference to these labour-related risks in manual and knowledge worker enterprises are presented simultaneously and significant similarities and differences are highlighted.

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De Moor, Aldo, et Hans Weigand. « Business Negotiation Support : Theory and Practice ». International Negotiation 9, n^o 1 (2004) : 31–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1571806041262106.

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AbstractBusiness negotiation support systems (NSS) are slowly entering the market, although they lack a clear theoretical basis as of yet. Negotiation is a complicated process with many aspects that have only partially been described with the formal rigidity needed to build support systems. Most theories about negotiation are descriptive and not prescriptive, which, among other things, prevents their use as a basis for negotiation support systems. Complicating matters is that a negotiation process consists of several distinct stages, each with its own characteristics. Furthermore, there are many types of negotiations, depending on the domain. This suggests that we should not strive for one general negotiation support system, but for a set of domain-specific tools. To ground the development and application of these tools in different scenarios, we propose an integrated theoretical framework. After presenting an overview of existing negotiation support approaches, we construct a business negotiation support metamodel for NSS analysis. The metamodel is illustrated by analyzing the MeMo project, which concerns contract negotiations in small and medium enterprises in the European construction industry. The MeMo system is one of the first business NSS with an explicit international orientation.

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Ivanova, Rositsa. « ABOUT CAPITAL TURNOVER AND THE METHODOLOGY OF ITS ANALYSIS ». Knowledge International Journal 32, n^o 1 (26 juillet 2019) : 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij320161i.

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Capital turnover is constantly repeating process of capital transformation from one to another form and turning it in its initial form. This process comprises capital advance for acquisition of production means and manpower, the use of the resources in the production of finished goods, sale of finished goods, and the return of capital in its original form.We will study the capital turnover with view of the stages of its movement. During the first stage, the capital is transformed from monetary into product form, as production means (long-term tangible assets and material resources) and manpower that are required for the enterprise’s business. The second stage – the stage of the production process, capital is transformed from one commodity form (production resources) in another commodity form (finished goods). During the third stage, the capital is transformed from commodity to monetary form, i.e. it recovers its original form.The issue of capital turnover is topical at all phases and stages of enterprise’s development. The acceleration of capital turnover results in release of capital embodied in different resources that can be advanced in appropriate activities, thus to increase the enterprise’s gains, and therefore – the capital return. The deceleration of capital turnover results in shortage of means required for the normal course of the enterprise’s business, and in its turn the enterprise is thus forced to raise additional funds in order to operate. This increases the share of borrowings and the level of financial risk the enterprise is exposed to.The interest to capital turnover is due to the insufficient understanding of the importance of this issue both for the successful and efficient development of enterprises’ business, as well as for the prosperity of economy as a whole. This is one of the most important issues – driver of business and economy, which is topical, irrespective of the type of ownership of the production means, the organization of the economy and the specific public and political environment. As a result of the insufficient understanding of the importance and significance of capital turnover, some thoughts exist that these are obsolete, archaic and all but unnecessary methodologies for analysis of capital turnover in the conditions of market competition.Capital turnover may be analyzed and assessed from different points of view. For example: according to the sources of its formation (equity and borrowings); according to the duration of capital involvement in the enterprise’s turnover (fixed capital and short-term borrowings); according to the resources in which the equity is embodied (share equity and working equity), etc.The object studied in this publication is the capital turnover of enterprises with industrial principal business, and the subject matter of the study covers the methodology for analysis of equity turnover with view of the resources it is embodied in.The aim of this publication is to reach a methodology for analysis and assessment of equity turnover, which is feasible for the economic practice and useful for the industrial enterprises’ management to make proper and reasonable decisions for the business development in operational and strategic aspect.

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Roper, Stephen. « Moving on : From Enterprise policy to Innovation Policy in the Western Balkans ». Southeastern Europe 34, n^o 2 (2010) : 170–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187633310x507484.

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AbstractSignificant progress has been made in recent years in the development of enterprise policy in the Western Balkans. Issues remain, however, in the support provided for innovative enterprises. In this paper we use data from the 2005 Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey to identify the determinants of innovation in locally-owned firms in the Western Balkans and compare these to the other CEEE countries and the CIS. Based on an econometric examination of the innovation production function in each area we observe marked differences in the determinants of innovation. First, in the Western Balkan countries (WBCs) R&D and higher-level skills have little impact on firms' innovation outputs, a result which contrasts strongly with results for the CEEE, CIS and other more developed economies. Second, we find no evidence of innovation benefits from urban locations in innovation in the WBCs or that public support is having any positive effect on innovation outcomes. Again, this experience is at odds with evidence from other regions. Third, innovation outputs in the WBCs are being negatively influenced by aspects of the business environment. These results suggest a need for an active and rather interventionist innovation policy in the WBCs to address these system failures. A range of policy options are developed.

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Gierańczyk, Wiesława. « Problematyka definiowania zmian w tendencjach lokalizacyjnych przedsiębiorstw przemysłowych w dobie globalizacji ». Studies of the Industrial Geography Commission of the Polish Geographical Society 11 (1 janvier 2008) : 86–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/20801653.11.6.

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Globalization brings important effects in the strategic and spatial behaviour of enterprises, especially industrial enterprises. The contributing factors are organizational (production fragmentation), economic (search for other sources of economy optimization), technological (which influence the cost of transport and communication and facilitate running business in many countries), and political (systematic reduction of barriers in global goods, services and capital flow). As a consequence of mutual relations between these factors, in global economy the bonds between foreign trade, investments, capital flow and new technologies application are tightening - and so are spatial relations.Conditions of enterprise functioning, modified by globalization processes, call for a change in the scientific approach to the problems of development and functioning of industry in the 21st century, with special emphasis put on subjective and objective aspects and on precise labelling and re-defining phenomena, or defining the unknown ones that emerge as the result of changes. Thus this paper focuses on such phenomena connected with the new industry-location tendencies as production de-materialization, disindustrialization or relocation (regarded as the process of dislocation or outsourcing). In the conclusions, attention is drawn to the problem of measurement of relocation processes.

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Conrad, Adeeb, et Frederik J. Mostert. « Financial considerations when making capital investments abroad ». Corporate Ownership and Control 9, n^o 2 (2012) : 188–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv9i2c1art3.

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There are many financial considerations which enterprises should take into account when they are contemplating the possibility to make capital investments abroad. The long-term nature of capital investments emphasizes the importance of the financial decisions as enterprises are often not in a position to opt out easily. This research paper focuses on the financial considerations only and other considerations, such as political, economic and technological matters do not receive any attention. The objective of this research focuses on the improvement of financial decision-making when enterprises are contemplating capital investments abroad. This objective is achieved by paying attention to the impact of following aspects: taxation, inflation rates, foreign exchange rates, interest rates, the capital structure and the cost of capital, capital and labour intensity, labour productivity, as well as the cash flow, liquidity, solvency and profitability considerations. An empirical study which has 29 top companies in South Africa as the respondents provided detailed information concerning capital investments made abroad. As South Africa is a developing country with an emerging market economy, the empirical results should be valuable to enterprises in other countries with emerging market economies.

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Malyasova, M. M. « METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT SEGMENTATION BASED ON THE PEST ANALYSIS METHOD ». Vestnik of the Russian University of Cooperation, n^o 1(43) (26 avril 2021) : 82–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.52623/2227-4383-1-43-16.

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The article considers the importance and role of the business environment on the basis of generalization of theoretical and practical research. The purpose of the study is to analyze the business environment for different segments; identify indicators and characteristics of the business environment; study the impact of the business environment on the profitability of an economic entity. The essential characteristics of the business environment are considered, as well as the following segments of the business environment: economy, demography, technology and legal regulation. The most significant indicators and performance characteristics of each segment of the business environment are grouped. In the segment of the economy, indicators of trade turnover, average monthly income of the population were revealed; in the segment of demography – consumer behavior: in the segment of technology – the virtual possibilities of the functioning of the enterprise; in the segment of legal regulation – the political situation and events. The main research method was PEST analysis. To substantiate the macroeconomic indicators of the business environment, an expert assessment was applied. In conclusion, the author evaluates the cumulative impact of business environment segments on the functioning of the enterprise.

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Kiseleva, I. A., N. E. Simonovich et I. S. Kosenko. « Features of risks assessment from the position of the behavioral economy ». Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 80, n^o 2 (2 octobre 2018) : 415–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2018-2-415-423.

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The problem of ensuring economic security of the enterprise is undoubtedly actual now as safety of the organization is directly connected with efficiency of functioning of the managing subject. In addition, in Russia there is an acute problem of unfair competition in the market, criminalization of certain segments that force enterprises to take certain measures. The analysis of risks of the enterprise allows to avoid not only essential material losses, but also irreparable damage and even bankruptcy. Economic security is an essential element of business operation and is a complex system of threat management inherent in business activities throughout the life cycle of the enterprise. It ensures achievement of business goals in conditions of competition and economic risk. The aim of the work is to study the main aspects of economic security of the enterprise in the Russian Federation. The object of the study of this work is the enterprise, and the subject – its economic security. The methods of cognition, retrospective and documentary analysis, economic and mathematical modeling, as well as synthesis, generalization, systematization were used as methods in the performance of the work. The efficiency of the enterprise depends not only on internal factors, but also on external: political, economic, geopolitical, environmental, social. The study of their complex influence on the functioning of an organization is the basis of ensuring the economic security of the company. In order to ensure the economic security of the organization, its stable operation and a stable position in the market, it is necessary to manage risks in order to minimize them, as well as mandatory measures to reduce the consequences and losses from risks.

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Korennaya, K. A. « The conceptual basis of strategic and operational management of industrial enterprises in conditions of instability ». Bulletin of the South Ural State University. Ser. Computer Technologies, Automatic Control & ; Radioelectronics 21, n^o 2 (mai 2021) : 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/ctcr210216.

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The problems of strategic and operational management of industrial enterprises in modern conditions of global instability cannot be effectively solved, as in the recent past. New approaches, methods and models are needed that would take into account the complexities of managing industrial enterprises in modern business conditions. Purpose of the study. It is necessary to create a new adaptive approach to the strategic and operational management of industrial enterprises, which would take into account the accelerating dynamics of international markets, as well as the factors of indirect and direct impact on the enterprise, which mainly determine its adaptability. Materials and methods. The main provisions of the conceptual basis of strategic and operational management of industrial enterprises, as well as a set of mathematical models for the implementation of this process are presented. Results. The materials formulated in the article on the preparation and adoption of managerial decisions allow the owners and managers of industrial enterprises to assess all aspects of this process in interrelation and form, in essence, a new paradigm for the functioning of industrial enterprises in conditions of military-political and socio-economic instability in the world, as well as the introduction various sanctions on the part of Western countries in relation to Russian industrial enterprises. At the same time, it becomes possible to take into account the factors of direct and indirect impact on industrial enterprises, which have become especially important in recent years. Conclusion. The approach presented in this article to the formation of the conceptual basis of strategic and operational management of industrial enterprises is, in essence, new and relevant, allowing company shareholders to form promising strategies for the development of industrial enterprises in conjunction with the procedures for operational management of the current activities of enterprises. Thus, the preparation and adoption of decisions on the management of industrial enterprises, both at the strategic and operational levels, becomes possible to carry out on the basis of a holistic algorithm based on the complex of models and methods of strategic and operational management of industrial enterprises developed by the author.

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Pavlov, Kostiantyn, Olena Pavlova, Stanislav Kryzhanivsky et Anna Savchuk. « Financial security of Ukrainian enterprises : current status, main problems and ways to solve them ». Socio-Economic Problems and the State 26, n^o 1 (2022) : 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33108/sepd2022.01.003.

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The existence of an effective financial and economic security system, which will provide the protection of the enterprise from the threats is one of the most important aspect of sustainable business growth providing and formation of positive results of its financial activities in modern conditions of the economic processes imbalance. The protection is conditioned by the ability of the enterprise authorities: to provide sustainable business growth of the enterprise, to neutralize the negative impact of the crisis economy, to form an adequate accounting system of financial flows, to strengthen operating effectiveness of the control system, to provide the protection of the trade secret information confidentiality on appropriate levels. Modern scientific researches indicate there is impossible to find exit from crisis, to stabilize the economic situation, to create an effective mechanism of doing business without unified system of business financial and economic security. The search of the main ways of business acceleration with minimal expenses for forming of effective system of enterprises functioning aimed at maximization of profits and harmonization of relations between business stakeholders is very relevance in the conditions of post-crisis reconstruction. It should be taken into account the fact that production and economic systems, regardless of the form of ownership, are characterized by the presence of constant risk and threats associated with the dynamics of the external and internal environment of their functioning. The financial and economic security of a business depends on the state of the country's monetary security. It should also be noted that at present the financial security of Ukraine is under threat, since all components of ensuring financial and economic security are in danger. The problems of their own economic security arise before each type of business, not only in times of crisis, but also when working in a stable economic environment, the set of targets to be solved in this case has a significant difference. The instability of the economic and political situation in the modern world creates great tensions and serious problems to ensure the financial security of enterprises, which is associated with solving economic and legal problems, as well as protecting economic interests and property rights of economic entities - physical and legal persons. The financial security of the enterprise, as the main economic entity of the modern economy, occupies an important place among the indicators of financial security at other levels, as the security of the enterprise is the basis of both economic security in general and financial security in particular. Financial security plays a significant role in the management of the enterprise, helps protect its financial and economic interests from negative internal and external threats, protects the financial interests of business owners, controls the financial resources of the company, able to withstand existing and emerging risks that cause financial damage change the structure of equity.

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Essel, Rudolf, et Frederik J. Mostert. « Political risk factors in South Africa : Sources, analysis and insurance flexibility ». Risk Governance and Control : Financial Markets and Institutions 3, n^o 1 (2013) : 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rgcv3i1art4.

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Political risk factors are of prime importance to business operations around the world, as they may impact negatively on the financial performance thereof and may even lead to the financial failure of enterprises and industries. As political risk factors are often abundant in developing countries with emerging market economies, this study is undertaken in South Africa which is classified accordingly. The objective of this research focuses on the improvement of financial decision-making concerning the sources, analysis and insurance flexibility of political risk factors. To achieve the objective of the paper, a literature study and an empirical survey, involving the agents of political risk insurance in South Africa, were undertaken. Due attention is paid to identifying the most important sources of political risk factors, as well as the analysis of the political risk factors by the underwriters concerned. The importance of flexibility concerning the various aspects of political risk insurance is also addressed. The perceptions of the agents of political risk insurance in South Africa provide a valuable contribution to the empirical results and conclusions of this paper.

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Jakšić, Krsto, et Adrijana Vuković. « Entrepreneurship in Serbian enclaves in region of Kosovo and Metohia : Post-conflict situation and possible moderating function of small enterprises regulation ». Bastina, n^o 55 (2021) : 203–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/bastina31-33756.

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On the sample of 84 Serbian companies which operate on Kosovo territory (Serbian enclaves) in post-conflict situation we explored which factors are crucial for their survival and success. Also, we want to find out is EU regulatory document for small enterprises helpful for them in this situation. We did not find EU document helpful in this situation. The results have confirmed that the enterprises are aware that expanding the market range is the only real and sustainable method of developing their activities. The key limiting factor in expanding the market range is the unfair competition. Furthermore, we are particularly pleased with the fact that enterprises from the northern part of Kosovo and Metohia are aware of the importance of innovative activities, and they realized that in contemporary business world it is possible to survive and grow in the market only by developing and introducing innovations. There are no universal solutions in a post-conflict situation. Search for ideal solution for developing the entrepreneur activities and it depends on the combination of social/political, institutional, cultural and economic aspects.

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Frolov, Yury, et Timur Bosenko. « The impact of armed conflict on economic performance and enterprise value in the country ». Economic Annals-ХХI 182, n^o 3-4 (15 avril 2020) : 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21003/ea.v182-06.

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The intensity of armed conflicts has peaked in the past 30 years over the past two centuries. The problems of war emergence affect not only social indicators, but also economic and legal aspects of existence of enterprises within the framework of unstable situation in the country. Even in such a difficult time, enterprises at various levels are trying to develop despite the falling economic and social indicators of the local economy. Over time, in places where local armed conflicts have turned into frozen ones (e.g. Transnistria, Gaza Strip, Syria), enterprises have learned to exist in unstable conditions, forming new strategies and reactions to events. Before the World War II, researchers did not question that there was a connection between the decline in the economic performance of enterprises and the conduct of war or armed conflict in a country. However, the number of studies on this issue is small, which makes this paper relevant in the process of studying the issue. The analysis of experience of functioning of business in conditions of war can be useful for thec enterprises of various industries. The purpose of the paper consists in research of influence of local armed conflicts on cost of the enterprises in the country.

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Cong Phuong, Nguyen, Tran Dinh Khoi Nguyen et Ha Phuoc Vu. « Politics and institution of corporate governance in Vietnamese state-owned enterprises ». Managerial Auditing Journal 35, n^o 5 (14 mars 2020) : 667–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/maj-02-2018-1810.

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Purpose The paper aims to examine how the change in political ideology and institutions affects corporate governance (CG) of the state-owned enterprise (SOE) in Vietnam, as well as its consequences. Design/methodology/approach To link macro-level institutional change to micro level of the reform process of the Vietnamese SOE governance, we draw from the “Varieties of Capitalism” (VoC) framework adopt a triangulation approach for data collection. Findings The paper shows the CG of SOEs is a variant of capitalist CG. Changes in the function, state control and structure of governance in the Vietnamese SOEs have been shaped by the political ideology and institution. It also shows that the political and bureaucratic interferences of the state in SOEs are for political interests rather than for firms’ effectiveness. Research limitations/implications The political ideology has existed in major aspects of the governance structure of the SOEs as a part of the party’s effort to maintain its economic legitimacy and a government of “control and domination”. Practical implications The findings of this study can be seen as a reference for the Vietnamese Government and governments of other developing countries in making incremental improvements in existing institutions rather than choosing the “best” model of CG. Originality/value The paper contributes to the literature by applying the VoC framework to analyse the change in SOE governance in a transition country while preserving the communist ideology. It can deepen our understanding of the SOE governance in Vietnam and enrich comparative studies of CG in the transition countries.

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Burbar, Maisa Y., et Suzan J. Shkukani. « An Exploration of Determinants of Entrepreneurial Characteristics, Motivation, and Challenges in Palestine ». International Business Research 14, n^o 9 (9 août 2021) : 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v14n9p53.

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Being an entrepreneur is becoming an anabranch in the business world. In addition, many young adults are preparing to be entrepreneurs in the future. Worldwide, many intellectuals view entrepreneurship as necessary to small-medium enterprises (SMEs) in general because it is critical to development. Micro, small-medium enterprises (MSMEs) are crucial in Palestine because MSMEs dominate the Palestinian economy. This study highlights the specific characteristics of entrepreneurship and the factors motivating and challenging people when starting up their enterprises in Palestine and dealing with these challenges and obstacles. The research method combines qualitative and quantitative tools, each of which was used to study relevant aspects. The qualitative tools used are interviews with the entrepreneurs in Palestine, while the quantitative tool included a designed questionnaire. The collected data was then analyzed using SPSS v 23. Findings indicated that entrepreneurs in Palestine are self-confident, passionately seeking new opportunities with a good network of professionals, patient, persistent, and determinant, and can adapt to change.  The results further highlighted that the most motivational factors behind being an entrepreneur in Palestine include being their boss and increasing income to have a better financial future. However, Lack of savings, political situation, competition, and the fear of risk associated with starting a business is the significant challenges and obstacles they face., Finally, Results indicate that gaining experience, developing business plans, managing financial resources, and motivating employees are the critical factors they have to consider. At the same time, they deal with these challenges and obstacles.

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Gide, Ergun, et Shakir Karim. « A comprehensive analysis on the adaption of Big Data in e-commerce : Overview of small to midsized enterprises-smes in Australia ». Global Journal of Computer Sciences : Theory and Research 6, n^o 2 (16 avril 2017) : 54–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjcs.v6i2.1476.

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Big Data contains every part of aspects of existence, as well as personal actions, disciplines and corporations. Big Data promises to make the world more demanding and helps to take the prompt decisions not only on the basis of limited knowledge of expertise but also on the huge quantity of data from the realism. The gathering, exercise, distribution and networking of Big Data associates economic, legal, social, ethical and political issues may result possible positive and negative results. This report provides a primary analysis of economic, legal, social, ethical and political issues in e-commerce contents-SMEs in Australia that are relevant to the consequences formed by Big Data. Identifying the subjects can help in an improved and clear perceptive of extents for prospective development and advance within the Big Data industry and support e-commerce sector of Australia. This paper mainly has used secondary research method to provide an extensive investigation of the positive and negative consequences of issues relevant to Big Data, the architects of the consequences and those exaggerated by the consequences. The secondary study is subject to journal articles, reports, media articles, corporation based documents and other appropriate information. The study found that Big Data and e-commerce are steadily transforming the way businesses to be conducted and changing the small to midsized enterprises in Australia. Big Data and e-commerce can provide quicker and trustworthy services to the potential and happy clients. They not only can develop new competitive advantages, also can improve relationships with customers and make better the economy by increasing effectiveness and behind the small to mid-sized new business models and innovation. Keywords: big data, economic, ethical and political ıssues, e-commerce, small to midsized enterprise-smes.

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Pototskaya, Tatyana I. « SPATIAL AND SECTORAL ASPECTS OF FOREIGN TRANSNATIONAL BUSINESS OPERATION IN RUSSIA ». Географический вестник = Geographical bulletin, n^o 3(62) (2022) : 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2079-7877-2022-3-19-34.

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The study is devoted to the identification of sectoral and spatial features of the functioning of transnational business in Russia. The author used two analytical approaches: the one based on the analysis of flows and the nature of foreign direct investment and the other based on work with materials on the activities of individual transnational companies. Both approaches are described; the advantages and disadvantages of their application are identified; joint use of these approaches is shown to be beneficial for a productive economic and geographical analysis of foreign transnational activities in Russia. The author created a database of 100 largest non-financial foreign companies operating in Russia, which contains comparable information about all the companies: specialization, country of registration, location of the head office in Russia, number of branches and their location in Russia, number of the company’s own enterprises and their location in Russia, whether and where the company conducts educational activities, whether and where the company conducts research activities, the value of net assets, and the amount of revenue. Based on this, the companies were ranked according to each of the listed quantitative indicators and the largest of them were identified; the geography of their registration was determined, their belonging to economically developed countries and countries with economies in transition is noted; the sectoral structure of their activity was identified, the leadership of electronics, food industry, pharmaceuticals, automotive industry, and retail trade is shown; the activities of the companies within each industry are described, with a statement of the number of the employed with the companies, country affiliation, and the location of production, research, and educational activities. The companies were grouped according to their attitude to work in Russia under economic and political sanctions: companies that have announced their complete withdrawal from Russia; companies that have suspended the implementation of investment projects, marketing campaigns, closed part of of part of their production facilities; companies that do not plan to cease their operation in Russia. A correlation has been revealed between the type of behavior of a foreign company in Russia, on the one hand, and the sectoral structure of its activities and the geography of registration, on the other. The reasons for the correlation are indicated: a situation when the company's specialization falls under the sanctions list of goods or when the company is registered in a country being the initiator of the sanctions.

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Muhammad, Ali Mauludin, et Puspita Sari Viani. « Dialectics of Dairy Farming Enterprises and Dairy Farmer Community in Pangalengan West Java ». E3S Web of Conferences 73 (2018) : 11010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187311010.

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Dairy farming business in Pangalengan has been established since Dutch colonial goverment set in and it continues until today. The business encountered such dynamics, in which aligned with political changes took place in Indonesia. Situated in Southern West Java, Pangalengan has been an icon of dairy farming in that it is major occupation of Pangalengan inhabitants. Capital owners were atracted to invest there, make capitalism penetration occured during some periods and developed quite well. Koperasi Peternak Bandung Selatan / Dairy Farmer Cooperative of South Bandung (KPBS) which is famous for its pro-community development then emerged and established along with the massive development of dairy farming in that town which later gave big contribution to development process. One of them is the establishment of a new private dairy farming plant in Pangalengan. Dillematic situation then occured. There were pro and contra against the existence of that private enterprise amongst the Pangalengan citizens. One group thought that the enterprise would generate the development process in Pangalengan, while others considered that it would create a clash with the community dairy farmers who have existed long before the independence of Republic of Indonesia. This paper will discuss dialectics of Private Dairy Farming Enterprise and dairy farmers community in Pangalengan. Both perspectives of private dairy farming enterprise and dairy farmers community will be the study in this paper. Positive and negative aspects are constructed in the arena or dialectics of dairy farming development.

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Zrůst, Josef, et Tomáš Pyšný. « The theoretical aspects of the methodology of risk analysis in chosen business enterprise ». Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 58, n^o 6 (2010) : 653–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201058060653.

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The risk, crisis, crisis management, crisis regulation and risk management are currently often used terms. It is late to search a cause of crisis in time, when the crisis had broken out and their destructive effects are displaying. It is more suitable to focus on preventive control of business assets. The goal of this article is to suggest a methodical process of risk analysis with focus on protection of carrying business assets. The suggested methodical process of the analysis comes out a persuasion that primary attention is needed to give a protection of carrying business assets. Carrying assets are those which create potentials of business success and in case of their destroying, damaging or loss will originate to subject major or even existence loss. To such chosen carrying business assets are identified threats coming out parts of macro environment (political, legal, economical, social, demographic, technical and technological, ecological) and threats from an field environment. To the identification of threats in field environment is used an analysis of five forces model according Porter. As a final step of the suggested methodical process of risk analysis is a creation of a risk matrix to each carrying asset. In this matrix is drawn the risk, which is described with a qualified estimation of occurrence its probability and with an estimation of amount of possible damage, which can be caused by risk. According location the identified risk in the risk matrix is suggested the way of the regulation single risks.It is possible to choose between five basic strategies: Strategy “Take”, Strategy of crisis plans, Strategy of risk treatment, Strategy of risk transfer and Strategy “Terminate”. Single strategies are possible to combine between each other. The combination is suitable in cases, when there is threaten a big loss with a high probability.

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Onuchak, V. A. « SOCIAL ASPECT OF SUPPORT OF SMALL BUSINESS AND PROBLEMS OF MIGRATION IN GERMANY ». MGIMO Review of International Relations, n^o 1(46) (28 février 2016) : 188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2016-1-46-188-195.

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The flow of refugees in Germany is a political migration at which the flow of migrants increases load of the budget due to payments of social benefits. At first sight, apparently, the existing privileges and incentives of creation of small and medium-sized enterprises (MSP) rather big and that problems inemployment of such number of migrants shouldn't be. They will take potential workplaces or will open the business, but a question in, whether it is possible to occupy the arrived migrants in small business in the territory of Germany. However, unlike labor migration which increases self-employment of the population, political migration of such effect can't give. At present it is necessary to limit global migration of the same Germany if the country intend store the economy. Positive influence of a migratory stream on national economy will be short-term, connected with increase in demand. In the near future refugees will demand considerable expenses of the budget as they don't pay taxes or pay them in a smaller size, demand additional expenses on safety in the social sphere.

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Meshcheryakova, A. B. « Study of the problems of development of entrepreneurial structures during the economic crisis ». Entrepreneur’s Guide 15, n^o 3 (2 août 2022) : 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.24182/2073-9885-2022-15-3-73-79.

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Economic crises as an object of study are of concern to more than one generation of economists. Modern problems associated with crises relate to many aspects of life, including entrepreneurial activity. At all times, the issues of survival of entrepreneurs in the conditions of the economic crisis have been given a significant role, however, scientists have not developed universal solutions on how enterprises should act in crisis conditions. Various processes, and, first of all, political ones, have a significant impact on the ability of a business to develop in crisis conditions. Under these conditions, the development of effective solutions for the development of business structures in a crisis implies the need for closer interaction between business and the state. The subject of the research is the approaches to the development of entrepreneurial structures in the conditions of the economic crisis. The article substantiates the need for joint work of the state and business structures in a period when the latter are in crisis conditions. The need to protect their own interests of business forces entrepreneurial structures to sacrifice the national interests of the state on whose territory they operate. And here the state should make efforts to achieve its own goals on the basis of partnership with the business environment.

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Zapukhliak, I., A. Shegda, О. Mykytiuk, T. Onysenko et K. Petrenko. « THEORY AND PRACTICE OF ASSESSING THE LEVEL OF INSTABILITY OF THE EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE ENTERPRISE IN A HYBRID WAR ». Financial and credit activity problems of theory and practice 1, n^o 42 (31 mars 2022) : 271–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.55643/fcaptp.1.42.2022.3687.

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Abstract. Current trends in the globalization economy, especially in the context of economic crises caused by hybrid war, COVID-19, lead to a constant search for new methods of enterprise management that could ensure its effective functioning. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the theoretical and methodological aspect of determining the level of instability of the external environment of the enterprise. When forming an enterprise development strategy, it is necessary to take into account all components and criteria, including factors of variability and complexity of assessing the external impact on the level of enterprise instability, and their differentiation for enterprises in different sectors of the economy. Identification of the level of instability of the external environment is the analytical basis for the predictability of its changes, which affects the choice of management methods and directions (strategies) of its development. The article proposes a methodological approach to comprehensive assessment of the level of instability of environmental factors of enterprises, which, unlike others, involves the detection of instability in terms of seven components (socio-demographic, economic, technological, environmental, political, legal, ethical) on four criteria: complexity, interdependence, variability and uncertainty of factors, which makes it possible to determine their sources and nature, and thus form an effective response of the enterprise to change. The offered methodical approach concerning activity of the gas transport enterprises of Ukraine which are the most unstable in the conditions of the crisis phenomena is tested. The obtained results are the basis for the development of scientifically sound management decisions, forecasting the behavior of the enterprise in close connection with its external environment, which will avoid crises and ensure the sustainability of their operation and development. The current challenges of enterprises in connection with the emergence of various manifestations of hybrid warfare in the country are prompting business units to create and implement new methods of managing such structures. Keywords: environmental factors, level of instability, methodological approach, management, economy, hybrid war. JEL Classification M12, M14, I10 Formulas: 7; fig.: 3; tabl.: 4; bibl.: 18.

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Nesterova, Svitlana, Veronika Kopcha et Halyna Myhalchinets. « State support for small and medium-sized businesses in modern conditions ». University Economic Bulletin, n^o 46 (1 septembre 2020) : 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2020-46-127-132.

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The subject of the research. The study focuses on the theoretical and practical aspects of the problems facing State support for small and medium-sized enterprises in Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to identify the main destructive factors in the development of medium and small enterprises and to identify ways to overcome them. The methodological basis of the article is general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge, such as dialectical method, analysis, grouping of data, problem-oriented approach. Results of work. The article discusses the special role of medium- and small-scale enterprises in generating GDP, creating jobs and improving the demographic situation. It is noted that a significant proportion of enterprises either operate in the shadow sector or do not take measures to improve profitability. It has been hypothesized that an important reason for this state of affairs is imperfect state support for small and medium-sized enterprises. First of all, there is a heavy tax burden, low wages in the sector, unstable legislation. The worldwide coronavirus pandemic has also been noted as an additional challenge, with most small and medium-sized businesses on the verge of survival through quarantine activities. The field of application of results. The materials, results and conclusions of the article may be used in the activities of various public organizations and local self-government bodies as an analytical basis for appeals about the need for State support for small and medium-sized enterprises, Training of specialists in secondary and higher education. Conclusions. Small and medium-sized businesses are the driving force behind the economy. It provides a large share of GDP, promotes the development of the middle class and has a positive impact on demographic indicators. The opportunity and ability of small and medium-sized enterprises to develop, even under difficult political and economic conditions, proves that it is these entities that support the economy in difficult times. Creating an enabling environment for doing business and developing small and medium-sized enterprises should therefore be a priority for the Government. To this end, support programs must be put in place: infotrmation, financial security and social support. Active and targeted support for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises contributes to the growth of GDP and the creation of new jobs.

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Mrochkovskiy, N. S. « Conditions of Sustainable Development for Sme Entities in the Course of COVID-19 Pandemic ». Vestnik of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, n^o 1 (14 février 2022) : 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2413-2829-2022-1-109-113.

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A number of international organizations have published recently the forecasts concerning aspects of economic impact exerted by corona-virus pandemic. In July update of economic outlook for 2020 the IMF forecast a drop in global GDP by 4.9% in 2020, which is lower by 1.9 per cent point in comparison with the April forecast, which will be followed by partial restoration and growth by 5.4% in 2021. The report on global investment for July 2020 shows a downfall in global foreign investment to 40% in 2020 and later its further decline by 10% in 2021. MOT estimates the COVID-19 impact, which will cause an increase in global unemployment by 5.3 m (a low scenario) and 24.7 m (a high scenario). It proves that support of business activity will be especially difficult for small and medium enterprises. The article shows how COVID-19 pandemic influences entities of small and medium entrepreneurship (SME) and demonstrates first evidences and estimations of its impact. It also provides a list of political steps aimed at raising SME sustainability in 60 countries. Taking into account the fact that the situation is changing very fast, the review of possible steps is not exhaustive, in some cases it includes political measures only planned for implementation that are being still discussed or considered. The latest surveys of enterprises showed a certain improvement of the situation connected with serious political efforts aimed at elimination of liquidity deficit at small and medium enterprises and suspension of local restrictions in some countries. In this context political perspective is slowly shifting from measures of supporting liquidity for SME entities, which are still a priority in the majority of countries, to measures of supporting restoration.

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Rekunenko, I., V. Kubatko, Yu Myroshnychenko et V. Lyutiy. « CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY MANAGEMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS ». Vìsnik Sumsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu 2021, n^o 4 (2021) : 88–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/1817-9215.2021.4-11.

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Recently, the importance of corporate social responsibility in society has grown significantly. It was formed in developed countries, but despite this, over time it was adopted by organizations, enterprises and corporations in many developing countries. Due to the existence of economic, environmental, social and political problems in the world, there is a need to reconsider the relationship between business, society and government. Given the fact that the priority goals of world politics are constant growth and development, in the current reality, sustainable development remains the central concept of today, because it is the main method of solving problems that arise in the context of globalization and society development. That is why the study of the business structures, enterprises, corporations, public authorities and other organizations role in achieving of sustainable development goals using the provisions of corporate social responsibility as an effective tool to achieve this goal deserves special attention. The main directions of corporate social responsibility development in the modern business environment include the introduction of modern labor and business practices, organizational management, human rights, environmental protection, ethical relations with consumers, active participation in community life and support for social projects. As international practice shows, the implementation of corporate social responsibility provides companies with a number of advantages, in particular, improves business reputation, image, increases the trust of government and society. The article considers the theoretical aspects of modern business structures corporate social responsibility development, the advantages and obstacles in the implementation of companies CSR activities. Based on the bibliometric content analysis, the relationship between corporate social responsibility and sustainable development was established and analyzed. By use of software in the study, research clusters in the context of CSR and sustainable development interaction were identified and analyzed. The realization ways of effective CSR management in modern companies are offered and the further directions of researches are defined.

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Slesarev, M. A. « Business Incubators in Russia : 2020 Survey in International Comparative Perspective ». MGIMO Review of International Relations 15, n^o 4 (8 septembre 2022) : 102–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2022-4-85-102-129.

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Small innovative and venture enterprises face significant financial and managerial difficulties in the early stages of their development, which makes it necessary to provide them with sufficient support at the start. Different governments choose different ways to solve this problem. In Russia, in the 2010s, an emphasis was made on creating business incubators as SME support infrastructure and key players (as well as a potential driver) of regional entrepreneurial ecosystems. Nevertheless, the latest official data shows that the number of business incubators in Russia has gradually declined over the past five years, making it a critical phenomenon to analyze. We conducted a comprehensive survey among a selection of Russian business incubators.Comparing the world BI average characteristics (secondary data from InBIA, International Business Innovation Association) and UBI Global (the data obtained through Surveys conducted in 2012, 2016, and 2020) helps us understand the actual state and dynamics of business incubation in Russia. The surveys contain a wide range of questions covering essential aspects of business incubators' activities, including BI program, clients, environment, effectiveness, and finance.The study shows that business incubators in Russia have undergone several external positive changes, including increased square space, staff quantity, the average annual number of residents, the annual budget, etc. At the same time, the total number of business incubators also significantly dropped, which means that all of the above positive changes do not reflect the growth of the business incubation market and the scaling of the most effective structures; on the contrary, it is an optimization.As a result of the study, we formulate several additional questions for future research and study to understand better the challenges business incubators currently face in Russia, the reasons for their recent consolidation, and possible ways out.

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Kitaisky, Vladimir, Grigory Revinsky, Oleg Revinsky et Vera Shvedova. « Industry preferences for foreign patenting of Russian innovation enterprises ». Economic Annals-ХХI 189, n^o 5-6(1) (10 juin 2021) : 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21003/ea.v189-04.

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Our paper is devoted to the science-research work carried out in the Russian State Academy of Intellectual Property (RSAIP) for revealing the role of foreign patenting for development of export of high-technology goods made by Russian manufacturers, first of all by small and medium-sized innovation enterprises. The results of study the patent documents indicating preferences of Russian innovation enterprises in foreign patenting of their new developments are presented in this paper. Preliminary conclusions on preferences in choice of countries for patenting and fields where innovations are made have been given. It is well known that the development of a competitive economy depends on the innovative activity of enterprises in the market. Understanding of terminology of innovation and invention opens up their economic and legal essence. A special and basic characteristic of innovation is creativity. In the Japanese business and management system, creativity is a production slogan and an inspiring idea, since creativity generates a person’s desire to improve in work through intelligence. A product that is new on a global level is recognized as an invention and is regulated by patent law. The state of the art for the invention includes all information that became publicly available in the world before the date of applying with the State Department of intellectual property. The aim of our study is to analyze the economic aspect of patenting made by the innovative companies in the world with attention to Russia, taking into account the role of innovation infrastructure. Modern concepts of innovative development of economic systems at various levels (state, region, industry, business entity) increasingly focus on the need for new forms of integration of scientific, industrial, commercial, and other resources to increase competitiveness. Domestic and foreign researchers, government, and business representatives pay attention to clusters as a promising form of integration and practical implementation of the idea of Public-Private Partnership for Innovative Industrial Development. The cluster approach allows combining the advantages of specialization, integration, and cooperation in increasing the competitiveness of business entities in a higher-level organizational and economic system (regional, industry cluster) by consolidating production, financial, intellectual, and managerial resources. Clustering of the innovation system in industry allows transition from supporting individual production enterprises or organizations that carry out scientific research to stimulating the development of relationships between them and other subjects of commercialization of scientific research.

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Rahman, Md Mizanur. « Beyond labour migration : The making of migrant enterprises in Saudi Arabia ». International Sociology 33, n^o 1 (13 décembre 2017) : 86–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0268580917745770.

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Migrant labour has been an integral part of the social and economic fabric of the Gulf societies. While labour migration has affected many aspects of the lives of migrants and their receiving states in the Gulf, one of the most visible but often neglected migration outcomes is the development of migrant-operated businesses across the Gulf states. Evidently, many of these businesses are owned and run by migrants in collaboration with kafeels. Drawing on the experiences of Bangladeshi migrant entrepreneurs in Saudi Arabia, this article explores the dynamics of Gulf migration, by identifying the transition from migrant worker to migrant entrepreneur, and explaining the making of migrant entrepreneurship within the temporary migration process. The study suggests that migrant entrepreneurship is embedded within the dynamics of the migration trajectory and the broader factors on which this depends. Notwithstanding their marginal character, the Bangladeshi enterprises in this study have flourished because of migrants’ willingness to embrace innovation. The article concludes with a call for identifying the best way to recognize migrant entrepreneurs’ contribution to economic development in Saudi Arabia.

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Ilmonen, Klaus R. « Corporate Governance and Accountability in an Evolving Political Environment ». European Business Law Review 32, Issue 5 (1 octobre 2021) : 817–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eulr2021029.

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The political environment of corporations has been evolving rapidly. There has been increasing pressure to hold corporations accountable for social, environmental and political aspects of the business enterprise – even the very purpose of the corporation has been challenged. The salience of corporate matters has increased overall as a result of changes in the political environment and an increasing awareness of corporate externalities. With the growing economic and political significance of corporations, corporate governance has emerged as a relevant framework for political action. These developments have affected the relationships among corporate constituencies and the boundaries of the corporate enterprise. Based on a political approach to corporate governance, this paper considers the resulting implications for the legal premises of corporate governance in an EU context. The paper argues that current corporate structures may not reflect the requirements of the rapidly evolving political environment. Corporate governance, corporate social responsibility, politicization of the corporation

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Hartmann, Michael. « Class-Specific Habitus and the Social Reproduction of the Business Elite in Germany and France ». Sociological Review 48, n^o 2 (mai 2000) : 241–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-954x.00214.

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Based on two empirical studies of senior executives, this article examines key aspects of Bourdieu's theory of the reproduction of social class structures. In the European business elite, to what extent can one find empirical evidence for the central significance accorded to class specific habitus and exclusive educational institutions in this process? To this end, the article presents comprehensive information about the social origin and educational trajectories of the chairpersons of the 100 largest German and French enterprises from 1995, compared to corresponding statistics from the years 1970 to 1972. An analysis of this information shows that in both countries, almost 80% of senior executives are recruited from the social elite: the gehobenes Bürgertum or the classe dominant. In France, the main source for this elite recruiting is located in educational system, with sharp selection mechanisms involved in the granting of exclusive degrees. In contrast, these play only a subordinate role in Germany. The primary criteria here are the personality traits deemed desirable for certain positions. These strongly favour offspring of the gehobenes Burgertum. In the end, class-specific habitus turns out to be decisive in a direct sense (Germany) or indirectly (France) for the reproduction of social relations. Bourdieu's analysis is thus confirmed in its main points.

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Lee, Jungyoun, Jungyeon Kim, Jiwoo Kim et Seungho Choi. « Why Localization Is Necessary as a Business Strategy in Emerging Markets : The Case Comparison of Hyundai and Volkswagen ». Journal of Open Innovation : Technology, Market, and Complexity 7, n^o 3 (18 août 2021) : 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7030190.

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Localization, the process of establishing the most adequate system in the target market according to the given environment to produce the most viable product in the market, can help multinational enterprises (MNE) to better understand the market, and take the most appropriate actions needed. Business strategies in emerging markets must account for the environment’s distinctive characteristics because emerging markets are characterized by underdeveloped institutions, also known as institutional voids. What would be the best strategy to respond to these voids? The primary focus of this article is to investigate how multinational businesses deal with the institutional voids of emerging markets such as the Indian automobile market, and how the different strategies affect the players’ performances. By comparing Hyundai Motors Company and Volkswagen Auto Group’s different strategical approaches, this research demonstrates that better creation of a local value chain and ecosystem leads to better performance in emerging markets. Survival within emerging markets requires thorough market analysis in an institutional context, and rapid response to environmental shifts resulting from institutional voids. Localization can help in both aspects.

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Kazakov, Lev. « PERSPECTIVES OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES DEVELOPMENT IN AFGHANISTAN ». Eastern Analytics, n^o 2 (2020) : 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2227-5568-2020-02-047-059.

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Small and medium enterprises in Afghanistan may become the main source of the country’s economic development. Afghanistan’s current political and economic background is what contributes a lot to such a change: with international aid at a sharp decline and security problem being likely to worsen due to the anticipated withdrawal of the major part of international forces from Afghanistan, the government faces a problem of finding alternative sources of economic development within the country with the aim of achieving further self-sufficiency. Besides, support for SMEs is by far the most practically achievable and promising goal on the government’s economic agenda: those enterprises are capable of surviving within the ongoing military conflict; SMEs contribute to the conduct of most Afghan trade. Further advance of the above mentioned is directly and particularly dependent on the Afghan government’s political and economic action, as well as the undertaking of security measures. Afghanistan’s international trade is another critical aspect, which suggests that the country is yet to establish closer economic ties with other regional states. The article analyses the country’s private sector, suggests an explanation of why the SMEs’ advance should have primacy over other enterprises, and discusses the challenges faced by SMEs in Afghanistan. Besides, the author is determined to identify the main courses of action the Afghan government should stick to so as to achieve the realization of the SMEs’ perspectives. In the context the author dwells on the government’s further steps in various spheres, namely, improving ease of doing business, dealing with the problem of political uncertainty, enhancing the system of customs control, revising of Afghanistan’s role within regional trade.

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Mott Machado, Michel, Caroline Shenaz Hossein, Roberto Pessoa de Queiroz Falcão et Eduardo Picanço Cruz. « Brazilian-Canadian Immigrant Businesses Configuration in the Greater Toronto Metropolitan Area, Canada ». Frontera norte 33 (1 janvier 2021) : 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33679/rfn.v1i1.2126.

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The purpose of the present article is to examine self-employment and a sample of micro-enterprises of Brazilian immigrants in Toronto, Canada, and to unveil their social networking mechanisms, the influence of their culture, and human capital. The methodology encompassed the application of 74 questionnaires to Brazilian-Canadian entrepreneurs and 42 semi-structured interviews, aiming at understanding their experiences and relationships. The contributions include stating economic insecurity, political instability, and violence as reasons for migration and showing that social capital is essential for starting and developing a business as entrepreneurs often were driven out of necessity due to barriers in the labor market. As an exploratory study, the article is limited to discussing descriptive aspects of the Brazilian community of entrepreneurs. However, its implications might encompass new studies that involve creating migration policies for newcomers, longitudinal studies, or comparisons with other ethnicities.

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Артемчук, Валентина, et Лілія Литвишко. « ФОРМУВАННЯ МАРКЕТИНГОВОЇ СТРАТЕГІЇ ВИХОДУ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ СФЕРИ ПОСЛУГ З ПІСЛЯ ВІЙСЬКОВОЇ КРИЗИ ». Automobile Roads and Road Construction, n^o 112 (30 novembre 2022) : 432–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33744/0365-8171-2022-112-432-440.

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Taking into account the critical state of Ukraine caused by the state of war and the occupation of the Russian Federation, the article examines the current state of activity of enterprises in the service sector. The political and economic crisis had a significant impact on the service sector. Organizational changes took place in it, the entire sector was directed to provide everything necessary for the civilian population and the defense forces of Ukraine. It has been established that these political and economic changes caused the modification and transformation of the service sector. The study of the scientific space led to the conclusions that the issues of the development of enterprises in the service sector received quite a lot of attention from scientists, but their activities in the modern crisis state of war were not revealed. Therefore, the methods of strategic analysis are applied in the article, namely: SWOT-analysis and PEST-analysis of macro-environmental factors were carried out. The SWOT analysis showed that commercial risks, which reflect the positive and negative aspects of the activities of enterprises in the service sector, are currently playing a greater role. But the main risks in the conditions of war can be defined as risks of three levels, which significantly affect the situation of enterprises in the service sector. It is important to note that the current economic and political situation contributes to the financial success of the service sector, the growth of its profits and the increase of loading capacities. Precisely, the invasion of the Russian Federation turned the service sector into one of the supporting components of the armed forces of Ukraine and the civilian population. In order to form a strategic direction and choose a marketing strategy for the further development of enterprises in the service sector in the post-war period, it became necessary to conduct an additional study using the SPACE-analysis method. It was this scientific approach that provided the basis for determining the main strategy for exiting enterprises from the post-war crisis. It has been established that service sector enterprises are currently in a state of saturation or reduction in demand for services; the current business exceeds the cash flow needs that can be invested in other innovative services. Therefore, it is recommended that enterprises in the service sector use the specific development strategy presented in the article in modern conditions and in the future for a gradual exit from the post-war crisis.

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Turoń, Katarzyna. « From the Classic Business Model to Open Innovation and Data Sharing—The Concept of an Open Car-Sharing Business Model ». Journal of Open Innovation : Technology, Market, and Complexity 8, n^o 1 (9 février 2022) : 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8010036.

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The car-sharing market is changing at a dynamic pace. Along with changes and new user habits, car-sharing systems are required to make this market even more accessible and flexible. This solution is possible due to the joining of Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) systems and the sharing of data, as well as the implementation of open innovations. However, these are aspects that strongly interfere with the business models of car-sharing systems. Due to this fact, this article is dedicated to the subject of business models in car-sharing systems and the issues of using data sharing and implementing open innovations. This study aimed to analyze the current state of business models and to propose an individual business model of an open car-sharing system based on the concept of open innovation and data sharing. As part of the study, expert surveys were carried out. The results obtained indicate that the dynamics of business models and the development of innovation in car-sharing enterprises are being disrupted. Moreover, most of the current business models are not updated. They also do not consider the subject of open innovation and data sharing, despite operators considering this problem to be significant. The individual model of an open car-sharing system developed in this article was constructed in such a way as to support operators during the transformation of current business models into a modern open model.

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