Livres : « Budget carbone »

1

Canada, Canada Natural Resources, et Canadian Forest Service, dir. Canada's forest carbon budget = Bilan du carbone des forêts du Canada. [Ottawa] : Canadian Forest Service, 2001.

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2

1958-, Kurz Werner Alexander, Canada-British Columbia Partnership Agreement on Forest Resource Development : FRDA II., Canadian Forest Service et British Columbia. Ministry of Forests., dir. The carbon budget of British Columbia's forests, 1920-1989 : Preliminary analysis and recommendations for refinements. Victoria, B.C : Canadian Forest Service, 1996.

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3

International Boreal Forest Research Association. Conference. The role of boreal forests and forestry in the global carbon budget : Proceedings. Sous la direction de Shaw Cindy 1956-, Apps Michael J et Northern Forestry Centre (Canada). Edmonton : Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre, 2002.

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4

Geological Survey (U.S.), dir. Can the global carbon budget be balanced ? [Washington, D.C.?] : U.S. Dept. of Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1997.

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5

W, Markewich Helaine, et Geological Survey (U.S.), dir. Can the global carbon budget be balanced ? [Reston, Va.] : U.S. Dept. of Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1997.

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6

Enting, I. G. Constraining the atmospheric carbon budget : A preliminary assessment. Australia : CSIRO, 1992.

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7

Enting, I. G. Constraining the atmospheric carbon budget : A preliminary assessment. [Melbourne] : CSIRO Division of Atmospheric Research, 1992.

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8

United States. Forest Service. Northern Research Station, dir. FORCARB2 : An updated version of the U.S. forest carbon budget model. Newtown Square, PA : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 2010.

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9

Mirbach, Martin Von. Carbon budget accounting at the forest management unit level : An overview of issues and methods. Ottawa : The Network, 2000.

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10

United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Oversight hearing : The President's fiscal year 2016 budget request for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency : hearing before the Committee on Environment and Public Works, United States Senate, One Hundred Fourteenth Congress, first session, March 4, 2015. Washington : U.S. Government Publishing Office, 2015.

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11

Tsukuba Daigaku. Seimei Kankyō Kagaku Kenkyūka., dir. 21-seiki no tanso kanri ni muketa Ajia rikuiki seitaikei no tōgōteki tanso shūshi kenkyū : Heisei 14-nendo--Heisei 18-nendo = Integrated research on carbon budget management in terrestrial ecosystems of Asia in the 21st century. [Tsukuba-shi : Tsukuba Daigaku Seimei Kankyō Kagaku Kenkyūka, 2007.

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12

Resources, United States Congress House Committee on. Carbon Hill National Fish Hatchery Conveyance Act : Report (to accompany H.R. 2982) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). [Washington, D.C. ? : U.S. G.P.O., 1996.

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13

United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., dir. Simulation of boreal ecosystem carbon and water budgets : Scaling from local to regional extents, grant : NAG5-2326, final report ... [Washington, DC : National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.

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14

United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., dir. Simulation of boreal ecosystem carbon and water budgets : Scaling from local to regional extents, grant : NAG5-2326, final report ... [Washington, DC : National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.

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15

S, Zahniser Mark, et Kolb Charles E, dir. Laboratory kinetic studies of OH and CO2 relevant to upper atmospheric radiation balance : First annual report, September 1993 - September 1994. [Washington, DC : National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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16

Nelson, David D. Laboratory kinetic studies of OH and CO2 relevant to upper atmospheric radiation balance : First annual report, September 1993 - September 1994. [Washington, DC : National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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17

Davidson, Eric A. Completing below-ground carbon budgets for pastures, recovering forests and mature forests of Amazonia : Second annual report, August 1, 1994 to March 31, 1995. [Washington, DC : National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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18

C, Nepstad Daniel, Trumbore Susan E et United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., dir. Completing below-ground carbon budgets for pastures, recovering forests and mature forests of Amazonia : Second annual report, August 1, 1994 to March 31, 1995. [Washington, DC : National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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19

C, Nepstad Daniel, Trumbore Susan E et United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., dir. Completing below-ground carbon budgets for pastures, recovering forests and mature forests of Amazonia : Second annual report, August 1, 1994 to March 31, 1995. [Washington, DC : National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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20

Taehakkyo, Sŏul. Imbun tanwi sallim t'anso suji model ŭi kaebal : Ch'oejong yŏn'gu pogosŏ = Development of a forest stand-level carbon budget model. [Taejŏn Kwangyŏksi] : Sallimch'ŏng, 2008.

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21

Legislature, Minnesota, Minnesota. Legislature. Senate. Environment and Natural Resources Committee. et Minnesota Division of Forestry, dir. Carbon dioxide budgets in Minnesota and recommendations on reducing net emissions with trees : Report to the Minnesota Legislature : in accordance with Laws of Minnesota 1990, chapter 587, sec. 2. St. Paul : The Division, 1991.

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22

Martin, Whalen, et United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., dir. Carbon and hydrogen isotope composition and ℗£þ́C concentration in methane from sources and from the atmosphere : Implications for a global methane budget. [Washington, DC : National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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23

Martin, Whalen, et United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., dir. Carbon and hydrogen isotope composition and C concentration in methane from sources and from the atmosphere : Implications for a global methane budget. [Washington, DC : National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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24

Resources, United States Congress House Committee on. Sense of the Congress regarding management of forests to reduce greenhouse gases : Report, together with additional views (to accompany H. Con. Res. 151) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). [Washington, D.C. ? : U.S. G.P.O., 1997.

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25

Reform, United States Congress House Committee on Oversight and Government. Carbon-Neutral Government Act of 2007 : Report together with additional views (to accompany H.R. 2635) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). [Washington, D.C : U.S. G.P.O., 2007.

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26

United States. Congress. House. Committee on Oversight and Government Reform. Carbon-Neutral Government Act of 2007 : Report together with additional views (to accompany H.R. 2635) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). [Washington, D.C : U.S. G.P.O., 2007.

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27

United States. Congress. House. Committee on Oversight and Government Reform. Carbon-Neutral Government Act of 2007 : Report together with additional views (to accompany H.R. 2635) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). [Washington, D.C : U.S. G.P.O., 2007.

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28

United States. Congress. House. Committee on Oversight and Government Reform. Carbon-Neutral Government Act of 2007 : Report together with additional views (to accompany H.R. 2635) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). [Washington, D.C : U.S. G.P.O., 2007.

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29

Britain, Great. Carbon Budget Order 2011. Stationery Office, The, 2011.

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30

Britain, Great. Carbon Budget Order 2016. Stationery Office, The, 2016.

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31

Britain, Great. Carbon Budget Order 2021. Stationery Office, The, 2021.

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32

Britain, Great. Carbon Budget Order 2011. Stationery Office, The, 2011.

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33

Britain, Great. Carbon Budget Order 2016. Stationery Office, The, 2016.

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34

Britain, Great. Carbon Budget Order 2021. Stationery Office, The, 2021.

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35

Britain, Great. Carbon Budgets Order 2009. Stationery Office, The, 2009.

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36

Britain, Great. Carbon Budgets Order 2009. Stationery Office, The, 2009.

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37

Integration of Carbon Tax and Carbon Budgets in South Africa. World Bank, Washington, DC, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/28406.

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38

Great Britain : Department of Energy and Climate Change. Final Statement for the First Carbon Budget Period. Stationery Office, The, 2014.

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39

Britain, Great. Climate Change (Carbon Budgets) (Wales) Regulations 2018. Stationery Office, The, 2018.

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40

Majocchi, Alberto. European Budget and Sustainable Growth : The Role of a Carbon Tax. Lang AG International Academic Publishers, Peter, 2018.

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41

Majocchi, Alberto. European Budget and Sustainable Growth : The Role of a Carbon Tax. Lang AG International Academic Publishers, Peter, 2018.

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42

Majocchi, Alberto. European Budget and Sustainable Growth : The Role of a Carbon Tax. Lang AG International Academic Publishers, Peter, 2018.

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43

Majocchi, Alberto. European Budget and Sustainable Growth : The Role of a Carbon Tax. Lang AG International Academic Publishers, Peter, 2018.

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44

BTU taxes, carbon taxes, and other energy tax options for deficit reduction. [Washington, D.C.] : Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, 1990.

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45

Britain, Great. Climate Change (Carbon Budgets) (Wales) (Amendment) Regulations 2021. Stationery Office, The, 2021.

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46

Great Britain : Parliament : House of Commons : Environmental Audit Committee et Tim Yeo. Carbon Budgets Vol. 1 : Report, together with formal Minutes. Stationery Office, The, 2010.

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47

Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Prevention Act : Report together with dissenting views (to accompany H.R. 1796) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). Washington, D.C : U.S. G.P.O., 2010.

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48

Gaston, Greg G. A procedure for estimating the carbon budget of terrestrial ecosystems in the former Soviet Union by geographic information system analysis and classification of AVHRR derived Global Vegetation Index. 1993.

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49

Fernandes, Richard Anthony. Scale influences of surface parameterization on modelled boreal carbon and water budgets. 1999.

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50

Fuss, Sabine. The 1.5°C Target, Political Implications, and the Role of BECCS. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.585.

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Résumé :

The 2°C target for global warming had been under severe scrutiny in the run-up to the climate negotiations in Paris in 2015 (COP21). Clearly, with a remaining carbon budget of 470–1,020 GtCO2eq from 2015 onwards for a 66% probability of stabilizing at concentration levels consistent with remaining below 2°C warming at the end of the 21st century and yearly emissions of about 40 GtCO2 per year, not much room is left for further postponing action. Many of the low stabilization pathways actually resort to the extraction of CO2 from the atmosphere (known as negative emissions or Carbon Dioxide Removal [CDR]), mostly by means of Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS): if the biomass feedstock is produced sustainably, the emissions would be low or even carbon-neutral, as the additional planting of biomass would sequester about as much CO2 as is generated during energy generation. If additionally carbon capture and storage is applied, then the emissions balance would be negative. Large BECCS deployment thus facilitates reaching the 2°C target, also allowing for some flexibility in other sectors that are difficult to decarbonize rapidly, such as the agricultural sector. However, the large reliance on BECCS has raised uneasiness among policymakers, the public, and even scientists, with risks to sustainability being voiced as the prime concern. For example, the large-scale deployment of BECCS would require vast areas of land to be set aside for the cultivation of biomass, which is feared to conflict with conservation of ecosystem services and with ensuring food security in the face of a still growing population.While the progress that has been made in Paris leading to an agreement on stabilizing “well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels” and “pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5°C” was mainly motivated by the extent of the impacts, which are perceived to be unacceptably high for some regions already at lower temperature increases, it has to be taken with a grain of salt: moving to 1.5°C will further shrink the time frame to act and BECCS will play an even bigger role. In fact, aiming at 1.5°C will substantially reduce the remaining carbon budget previously indicated for reaching 2°C. Recent research on the biophysical limits to BECCS and also other negative emissions options such as Direct Air Capture indicates that they all run into their respective bottlenecks—BECCS with respect to land requirements, but on the upside producing bioenergy as a side product, while Direct Air Capture does not need much land, but is more energy-intensive. In order to provide for the negative emissions needed for achieving the 1.5°C target in a sustainable way, a portfolio of negative emissions options needs to minimize unwanted effects on non–climate policy goals.

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