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1

Das, Ruma. « Immunological studies on Brown Blight of tea Camellia Sinensis (L) O Kuntze ». Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/902.

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2

Datta, Shraboni. « Studies on the Biology of Brown blight disease of Tea, Camellia sinences(L.) O, Kuntze with special reference to the factors effecting its in incidence ». Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/891.

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3

Das, Gouri. « Studies on the Brown Blight disease of tea Camellia sinensis L. (O.) Kuntze cause by Glomerella cingulata (stoneman) Spauld. & ; Schrenk. and its interaction with phylloplane microorganisms ». Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1088.

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4

Sengupta, Debjani. « Serological studies on Blister blight of tea ». Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/893.

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5

Frercks, Birutė. « Genetic variation of brown rot blossom blight pathogens and their hosts sweet and sour cherry ». Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20141008_132136-79491.

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The aim of the research. To evaluate the genetic diversity in sweet and sour cher-ry populations, to characterize the injuries to blossoms and fruits caused by blossom blight brown rot, to identify the species composition of Monilinia patho-gens and to analyse the DNA polymorphism within and among pathogens popula-tions. Main tasks: 1. To analyse the genetic diversity of sweet and sour cherry cultivars and wild cherry population, growing in west Lithuania, using molecular marker methods (AFLP and SSR). 2. To determine factors affecting injuries caused by blossom blight. 3. To investigate characteristics of brown rot agent M. fructigena development in sweet and sour cherry cultivars differing in resistance to brown rot. 4. To identify species composition of Monilinia spp. in IH LRCAF stone fruit collection based on PCR methood and to evaluate inter- and intraspecific DNA polymorphism of Monilinia spp. based on AFLP method.
Tyrimų tikslas. Įvertinti trešnės ir paprastosios vyšnios populiacijų ge-netinę įvairovę, ištirti trešnės ir paprastosios vyšnios žiedų bei vaisių užsikrėtimo kaulavaisinių monilioze mechanizmus, nustatyti šios ligos sukėlėjų Monilinia rūšinę sudėtį bei išanalizuoti jų tarprūšinį ir vidurūšinį DNR polimorfizmą. Tyrimų uždaviniai: 1. Išanalizuoti skirtingų pagal atsparumą moniliozinei degligei LAMMC SDI kaulavaisinių kolekcijoje augančių trešnės ir vyšnios veislių ir Vakarų Lietuvo-je augančios laukinės trešnės populiacijos genetinę įvairovę, naudojant molekuli-nius metodus (SSR ir PFIP) bei palyginti PFIP pradmenų kombinacijų informaty-vumo rodiklius. 2. Nustatyti žiedų pažeidimo moniliozine deglige (M. laxa) veiksnius: ištirti žiedo da¬lių atsparumą moniliozinei degligei, nustatyti kuriame žiedo raidos tarpsnyje jie yra jautriausi, įvertinti, ar kuokelių mechaninis pašalinimas (kastravimas) turi įtakos užsikrėtimui moniliozine deglige ir nustatyti ar žiedų ap-dulkinimas gali aktyvuoti augalo imunines reakci¬jas ir užkirsti kelią patogenui patekti į žiedo vidų. 3. Ištirti rudojo puvinio sukėlėjo M. fructigena vystymosi ypatumus kontrastinėse pa¬gal atsparumą rudajam puviniui trešnės ir vyšnios veislėse. Nusta-tyti, ar vaisiai jautresni patogenui yra nokimo pradžioje ar techninės brandos (skynimo) metu, įvertinti vaisių mechani¬nio pažeidimo poveikį užsikrėtimui ruduo-ju puviniu. 4. Identifikuoti Monilinia spp. LAMMC SDI kaulavaisinių kolekcijos augyne rūšinę sudėtį PGR... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
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6

Das, Subir Kumar. « Studies om host-parasite interaction with special reference to grey blight disease of tea and its phylloplane microorganisms ». Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1065.

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7

Kouyoumjian, Richard E. « Comparison of compost tea and biological fungicides for control of early blight in organic heirloom tomato production ». Connect to this title online, 2007. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1202499799/.

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8

Phillips, Stephen. « A cup of tea a study of the Tea Party Caucus in the United States House of Representatives ». Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/602.

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Over the course of the last few years, a new movement has taken the American political system by storm, the Tea Party. The movement has not only captivated our media but also the minds of ordinary Americans and political elites. According to popular consensus and academic opinion, the Tea Party is comprised of a group of conservative-leaning Republicans who want a smaller government and a lesser tax burden. This is what we think of the Tea Party, but is it true? It is perceived that Tea Party members differ significantly from their Republican colleagues in the House of Representatives, but do they? Do they truly represent the Tea Party philosophy and agenda? By creating an original data set on the Republican members of the United States House of Representatives, and examining variables such as the political lean, economic and employment make-up of a member's district, their endorsements and incumbency, as well as high priority legislative votes from the 112th Congress, I will be able to investigate the characteristics and tendencies of Tea Party Caucus members. Once one looks at the 242 member House Republican Caucus and further examines the sixty members of the Tea Party Caucus, the data shows that Tea Party Caucus members largely originate from safe Republican districts and have served in previous congressional terms. Analysis shows that Tea Party Caucus members do vary significantly from their House Republican colleagues when examining their districts, but do not vary as considerably when examining their voting patterns.
B.A.
Bachelors
Sciences
Political Science
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9

Saito, Belisa Cristina [UNESP]. « Characterization of corn inbred lines for disease resistance ». Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/150400.

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O milho é uma das culturas mais extensamente cultivadas em todo mundo. A incidência e a severidade de doenças têm aumentado significativamente nos últimos anos acarretando perdas no rendimento e afetando a qualidade dos grãos. Muitos trabalhos têm sido desenvolvidos na tentativa de identificar híbridos resistentes às principais doenças que acometem a cultura do milho, mas poucos são os relatos de estudos com linhagens. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi: 1) identificar linhagens resistentes e susceptíveis com base na área abaixo da curva de progresso de doenças (AACPD) para os sintomas de ferrugem tropical (TR), ferrugem polissora (SR), cercosporiose (GLS), helmintosporiose (NLB), mancha marrom (PBS) e mancha branca (PLS); 2) identificar linhagens resistentes e suscetíveis com base nos parâmetros de adaptabilidade e estabilidade fenotípica para os sintomas de cercosporiose, helmintosporiose, mancha marrom e mancha branca; 3) identificar as melhores datas de semeadura, com a maior ocorrência das doenças, para fins de avaliação de linhagens e outros genótipos para resistência. Cinquenta linhagens, derivadas de populações com grãos flint e dent, foram avaliadas em blocos casualizados com três repetições, aos 45, 60, 75 e 90 dias após a semeadura em duas épocas, para medição da AACPD. Para a análise de adaptabilidade e estabilidade, 41 linhagens foram avaliadas em blocos casualizados com três repetições, 30 dias após o florescimento feminino, em onze épocas de semeadura, usando o método de análise de regressão. Foram atribuídas notas de 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 e 9 correspondendo a 0, 1, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80 e > 80% de área foliar com sintomas de doença. Para a AACPD, a análise de variância conjunta foi significativa para TR, SR, GLS e PLS e a interação linhagens x épocas foi significativa para ferrugem tropical e polissora. Para GLS e NLB as 41 linhagens foram classificadas como resistentes, sendo que as maiores severidades de doenças ocorreram nas semeaduras entre Junho e Setembro. As linhagens IVF1-3, IVF1-7, IVF1 -9, IVF1-10, IVF1 -11, IVF1 -25, IVF1-230, IVD1-2, IVD1 -2-1, IVD1-3, IVD1-9, IVD1 -12, 2F, 3F, 6F, 9F, 10F, 4C, 2D e 7D foram classificadas como resistentes para as doenças estudadas, sendo indicadas para o desenvolvimento de sintéticos. Para a mancha marrom e mancha branca, as semeaduras de Abril, Junho, Julho e Agosto apresentaram maiores severidades de doenças. As linhagens IVD1-9, IVD1-10, 7D, 10D e 2F podem ser indicadas no desenvolvimento de sintéticos resistentes.
Corn is one of the most widely cultivated crops in the worldwide. The incidence and severity of diseases affecting crops have increased significantly in the past years, leading to yield losses and affecting grain quality. Many studies have been carried out with the attempt to identify hybrids that are resistant to the main diseases, but few reports have studied inbred lines. Therefore, the objectives of this study were: 1) identify resistant and susceptible inbred lines based on the area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) for tropical rust, southern rust, gray leaf spot, northern leaf blight, physoderma brown spot and phaeosphaeria leaf spot; 2) identify resistant and susceptible inbred lines based on adaptability and stability parameters for symptoms of gray leaf spot (GLS), northern leaf blight (NLB), physoderma brown spot (PBS) and phaeosphaeria leaf spot (PLS); 3) identify the best planting dates, with the highest occurrence of diseases, for the purpose of evaluating inbred lines and other genotypes for resistance. For AUDPC, fifty inbred lines, derived from populations with flint and dent grains, were evaluated in randomized block designs with three replications, at 45, 60, 75 and 90 days after planting in two seasons. For the analysis of adaptability and stability, forty-one inbred lines were evaluated in randomized blocks with three replications, 30 days after silking, in eleven planting dates, using regression analysis method. The scale of scores from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 corresponding to 0, 1, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80 and > 80% of leaf area with disease symptoms was used. For AUDPC, the joint analysis of variance was significant for TR, SR, GLS and PLS, while the interaction inbred lines x environments, was significant for TR and SR. For GLS and NLB, forty-one inbred lines were classified as resistant and the highest severities of diseases occurred in planting dates between June and September. The inbred lines IVF1-3, IVF1-7, IVF1 -9, IVF1-10, IVF1 -11, IVF1 -25, IVF1-230, IVD1-2, IVD1 -2-1, IVD1-3, IVD1-9, IVD1 -12, 2F, 3F, 6F, 9F, 10F, 4C, 2D and 7D were classified as resistant to the diseases studied and are indicated to produce synthetics. For PBS and PLS, the plating dates of April, June, July and August showed higher disease severity. The inbred lines IVD1-9, IVD1-10, 7D,10D and 2F may be indicated to produce synthetics.
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10

Saito, Belisa Cristina. « Characterization of corn inbred lines for disease resistance / ». Ilha Solteira, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/150400.

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Orientador: João Antonio da Costa Andrade
Resumo: O milho é uma das culturas mais extensamente cultivadas em todo mundo. A incidência e a severidade de doenças têm aumentado significativamente nos últimos anos acarretando perdas no rendimento e afetando a qualidade dos grãos. Muitos trabalhos têm sido desenvolvidos na tentativa de identificar híbridos resistentes às principais doenças que acometem a cultura do milho, mas poucos são os relatos de estudos com linhagens. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi: 1) identificar linhagens resistentes e susceptíveis com base na área abaixo da curva de progresso de doenças (AACPD) para os sintomas de ferrugem tropical (TR), ferrugem polissora (SR), cercosporiose (GLS), helmintosporiose (NLB), mancha marrom (PBS) e mancha branca (PLS); 2) identificar linhagens resistentes e suscetíveis com base nos parâmetros de adaptabilidade e estabilidade fenotípica para os sintomas de cercosporiose, helmintosporiose, mancha marrom e mancha branca; 3) identificar as melhores datas de semeadura, com a maior ocorrência das doenças, para fins de avaliação de linhagens e outros genótipos para resistência. Cinquenta linhagens, derivadas de populações com grãos flint e dent, foram avaliadas em blocos casualizados com três repetições, aos 45, 60, 75 e 90 dias após a semeadura em duas épocas, para medição da AACPD. Para a análise de adaptabilidade e estabilidade, 41 linhagens foram avaliadas em blocos casualizados com três repetições, 30 dias após o florescimento feminino, em onze épocas de semeadura, us... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
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11

Martins, Mônica Cagnin. « Produtividade da soja sob influência de ocorrência natural de Septoria glycines Hemmi e Cercospora kikuchii (Matsu. & ; Tomoyasu) Gardner com e sem controle químico ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11136/tde-23092003-141226/.

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A ocorrência das doenças de final de ciclo causadas pelos fungos Septoria glycines e Cercospora kikuchii é facilmente observada no campo. Entretanto, são necessárias informações precisas sobre a quantificação de danos e perdas na produtividade, bem como, a definição da melhor época para aplicação de fungicidas. A falta de um método padrão de quantificação visual pode levar a estimativas imprecisas da severidade das mesmas, induzindo a conclusões erradas. Com os objetivos de elaborar e validar uma escala diagramática para a quantificação das doenças de final de ciclo da soja, avaliar o efeito dessas doenças sobre a produtividade, identificar o melhor estádio fenológico da cultura para o controle dessas doenças, verificar a relação entre a severidade dessas doenças e a produtividade e avaliar os efeitos das mesmas sobre a duração e absorção da área foliar sadia das plantas de soja, foram instalados experimentos na Fazenda Areão (ESALQ/USP), localizada em Piracicaba - SP. Utilizou-se o cultivar de soja MG/BR - 46 (Conquista), considerado suscetível a essas doenças, adotando-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, no esquema fatorial 2 x 3 (dois fungicidas: benomyl e tebuconazole e três momentos fenológicos de pulverização: R4, R5.3 e R6) com três tratamentos adicionais (testemunha, pulverização quinzenal de benomyl e pulverização quinzenal de tebuconazole), repetidos três vezes. Determinou-se a severidade dessas doenças; o número de vagens e de sementes por planta; a massa de 1000 sementes e a produtividade. Para quantificação da severidade dessas doenças foi elaborada uma escala diagramática a partir de folhas coletadas em campo, apresentando diferentes níveis de severidade. A área de cada folha e sua correspondente severidade foram determinadas e, seguindo-se a “Lei do Estímulo de Weber-Fechner”, elaborou-se a escala com os níveis de severidade de doença: 2,4; 15,2; 25,9; 40,5 e 66,6%. A validação foi realizada por nove avaliadores, sem experiência na avaliação das doenças de final de ciclo, os quais estimaram a severidade de 30 folíolos de soja com sintomas destas doenças. A precisão das avaliações variou de acordo com o avaliador (0,84The occurrence of late season leaf diseases caused by the fungus Septoria glycines and Cercospora kikuchii is easily identified in field. However, there is a need of precise information to quantify the damage and yield losses as well as to define the best occasions for fungicide applications. The lack of a standardized visual method may lead to inaccurate estimates of their severity, inducing inexact conclusions. With the purposes: to elaborate and validate a diagrammatic scale to assess late season leaf soybean diseases; to evaluate the effect of theses diseases on yield; to identify the best soybean growth stages for chemical control; to verify the relation between severity of theses diseases and yield and to evaluate the effect of theses diseases on healthy leaf area duration and healthy leaf area absorption, were installed field experiments at Fazenda Areão (ESALQ/USP), in Piracicaba - SP. The soybean cultivar MG/BR - 46 (Conquista), susceptible to both diseases was sown in a complete randomized blocks design in factorial 2 x 3 (two fungicides: benomyl and tebuconazole and three application stages: R4, R5.3 e R6) and three extra treatments (control without application, fortnightly application of benomyl and fortnightly application of tebuconazole), at three replications. The severity, the pod number per plant, the seed number per pod, the mass of 1,000 seed and yield were determined. To quantify the severity of these diseases it was elaborated a diagrammatic scale, from leaves collected in the field presenting different levels of severity. The area of each leaf and its correspondent severity were determined, and following the “Stimulus Law by Weber-Fechner” a scale was elaborated with the severity levels: 2.4, 15.2, 25.9, 40.5 and 66.6%. The validation was carried out by nine appraisers, without previous practice in assessing late season leaf diseases, who estimate the severity on 30 leaflets of soybean with disease symptoms. The evaluation precision varied according to the appraiser (0.84
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12

Tsai, Chih-Chien, et 蔡志千. « Epidemiological study and non-pesticide control of tea brown blight disease ». Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76252996003082788489.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
植物醫學碩士學位學程
102
Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) is a kind of evergreen perennial shrub or small tree, can be processed to the most widely consumed beverage in the world. Due to its fragrant flavor, tea has been massively grown in Taiwan. Tea can be affected by many diseases, among them the tea brown blight disease (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) is the most common fungus disease in the field. To investigate the severity of tea brown blight disease, and to control it, this study monitored the disease severity of tea brown blight at Pinglin, Wenshan and Yangmei areas. As a new sprout wilt disease was found at Pinglin, New Taipei, tissue isolation methods were conducted to obtain the suspect pathogen. Results showed that both Colletotrichum and Pestalotiopsis can be isolated from the wilting sprout. Through the rules of Koch’s postulates and molecular identification, we confirmed that the sprout wilt is mainly caused by C. gloeosporioides. Sprout wilt disease can cause 20 to 50 percent of yield loss in Pinglin, resulting in severe economic impact on winter tea in Pinglin area. Culturing this pathogen at different temperatures showed that this pathogen grows best at 25℃ and slower at 15℃, but cannot grow at 35℃. Basing on epidemiological study from December 2013 to June 2014, this disease prefer the low temperature, low humidity and high wind speed. The relationship between sprout wilt and tea brown blight disease is generally positively correlated, indicating that the spores from tea leaves with brown blight disease can splash to sprout by wind and rain and cause the disease. On the other hand, brown blight disease occurred more severe in season of high speed wind. As compared to Ttes No.12, Shy Jih Chuen and Tieguanyin, the cultivar Chih Shih Oolong is the most sensitive to brown blight disease. In order to eliminate the concerns of pesticide residues, non-pesticides control of plant disease is right now a favorite by farmer. Therefore we choose seven kind of plant to prepare their extracts and two antagonistic microorganisms to test to control the sprout wilt in this study. They are ginger, turmeric, cinnamon, cloves, cablin potchouli herb and Chinese magnoliavine fruit. The test of their extracts for effect on mycelial growth and spores germination, showed that only ethanol extract of clove, cinnamon and cablin potchouli herb have some inhibition potential against the pathogen. However, only the ethanol extract of turmeric and garlic (0.2%) exhibit the inhibition rate of about 25% in pot plant test. On the other side, antagonism microorganisms Streptomyces (Streptomyces sp.) YU01 and Bacillus subtilis also have inhibition effect on this pathogen in dual culture experiment. Streptomyces YU01 even has 83% inhibition rate to control the sprout wilt disease in pot plant test, when applied one day before the inoculation. Whereas the Bacillus subtilis has no inhibition effect in pot plant test. A total of 13 fungicides were screened for their control rates on tea brown blight pathogen by mycelial growth inhibition test. Results showed that both benomyl, kasugamycin plus carbendazim, have the best potential to control the disease. In this study, we found that the sprout wilt pathogen can infect not only the Chin Shin Oolong cultivar, but also the cultivar Ttes No.12, Shy Jih Chuen and Dah Yeh Oolong. We also found that anthracnose pathogens from mango, strawberry and coffee, cannot cause the tea sprout wilt. Our study proved that the pathogen from brown blight can transmit and cause sprout wilt as shown in our field survey and pathogenicity test. However the reason of sprout wilt only occur in Pinglin area still need further studies in the future.
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Wittig, Hans P. P. « Effect of resident epiphytic fungi development of brown rot blossom blight of stone fruits ». Thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/37180.

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Antagonistic effects of Epicoccum purpurascens, Aureobasidium pullulans, Trichoderma spp., and Botrytis cinerea on establishment of Monilinia fructicola infections in cherry and peach blossoms were assessed in field and mist chamber studies. Conidia of each fungus were applied to blossoms that were subsequently inoculated with conidia of M fructicola. Mist chamber experiments on forced cherry blossoms demonstrated that recovery of M. fructicola was significantly reduced (P=.05) when spores of E. purpurascens and B.cinerea had been applied 24 hr prior to inoculation with M. fructicola. Reduction in recovery of M. fructicola was comparable to that obtained with the fungicide benomyl. In field trials done in 1990 and 1991, applications of E. purpurascens and A. pullulans reduced cherry blossom blight relative to nontreated blossoms by 47 to 65 and 54 to 58%, respectively, compared to reductions of 80 to 96 and 84 to 97% with the fungicides benomyl and iprodione, respectively. Twig blight in peach, an indicator of blossom blight infection, was reduced by 37% relative to nontreated blossoms with applications of E. purpurascens, compared to 54 and 51% reductions with benomyl and iprodione, respectively. Analysis of the influence of antagonistic fungi sprayed onto blossoms on fruit set indicated that B.cinerea was a weak pathogen of stone fruit blossoms. Significant reductions (P=.05 and P=.10) were obtained in fruit set compared with the nontreated control when conidia of B. cinerea were applied to both cherry and peach blossoms in 1991. Latent Monilinia infections were evaluated by dipping green cherries in the herbicide paraquat. Applications of E. purpurascens and A. pullulans to blossoms caused reductions in the number of latent Monilinia infections in green cherries by 18 and 49%, respectively in 1990, and 61 and 66% respectively in 1991. This compares with reductions of 98 and 92% in 1990 and 1991, respectively, with the fungicide iprodione. It was observed that the antagonists E. purpurascens and B. cinerea also became established as latent infections. These fungi were recovered at a significantly (P=.05) higher percentage on green cherries where they had been applied as antagonists to blossoms. No meaningful differences were detected in the amount of brown rot that developed on fruit due to the influence of fungal treatments on blossoms.
Graduation date: 1992
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Cheng, Yu-Hsin, et 鄭喻心. « Effect of green tea catechins on the growth of HIB1B brown preadipocytes ». Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/pd3j96.

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碩士
國立中央大學
生命科學系
107
Abstract Green tea catechins (GTCs) are a type of natural phenol and antioxidants. They are associated with a variety of health benefits, including the maintenance of cardiovascular health, the reduction of cancer risk, and weight loss. In particular, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) was found to reduce the fat synthesis, adipogenic differentiation and preadipocyte growth, while it induced weight loss, lipolysis, and thermogenesis. Although GTCs selectively inhibited the growth of 3T3-L1 white preadipocytes, the exact mechanism of their actions on brown preadipocyte growth is still unknown. Using HIB1B brown preadipocytes, we found that GTCs decreased the growth of brown preadipocytes. EGCG time- or dose-dependently decreased levels of the cell number, BrdU incorporation, and cell viability. EGCG was more effective in inhibiting growth of brown preadipocytes than other green tea catechins, such as epicatechin, epicatechin gallate, and epigallocatechin. This suggests the structure type-dependent effect of green tea. In addition, the potency of EGCG to reduce the growth on brown preadipocytes was greater than that on white preadipocytes, as indicated by changes in cell number. Further Western blotting analysis indicated that EGCG tended to time-dependently increase the phosphorylation of ERKs and AMPK proteins. These observations were different from those reported for EGCG inhibition of ERKs phosphorylation in 3T3-L1 white preadipocytes. These results suggest the ERK-dependent effect of EGCG on preadipocyte mitogenesis, as well as the possible different role of ERKs proteins in mediating the effect of EGCG on the growth between brown and white preadipocytes.
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Huang, Zheng-Yu. « Phytotoxin production and population variation in Mycosphaerella dearnessii, the causal agent of brown spot needle blight of pine ». 1995. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/32872096.html.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1995.
Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 108-122).
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Chen, Shiau-Huei, et 陳筱慧. « Determination of γ-Aminobutyric Acid from Developing Bean Sprouts, Active Brown Rice, GABA Tea and GABA Capsules Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatograpgy ». Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41360565965521339367.

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碩士
國立中興大學
食品暨應用生物科技學系
94
GABA exists in the brain and medulla spinalis of mammals. A small of amount of GABA is also found in plants. Available natural foods in the market that richly contain GABA include anka, active brown rice, GABA tea and fermented soybean. Literatures indicate forced germination can greatly increase the GABA contents of seeds. This study, therefore, selects such common edibles as adzuki beans, mung beans, soybeans and wheat seeds for experiment. After causing them to sprout, it tests the degree of germination and examines the GABA content of different germination positions in order to identify the seed that has the best GABA production potential. The most frequently employed HPLC method for examining GABA is the precolumn derivatization method. This experiment selects three derivatization reagents, HN, PITC and OPA, to derivatize the samples, analyze the GABA content through HPLC and compare the results. Experiment results indicate the HN derivatization method is not effective for test objects of complicated ingredients, such as gaba tea, germinated brown rice and germinated seed samples. We were unable to identify the GABA peak on the HPLC spectrum. When dealing with samples that contain large amount of amino acid, such as germinated brown rice and sprouted seeds, the PITC derivatization method is prone to disturbance and has the tendency to overestimate the GABA content. The OPA derivatization method effectively isolates the GABA peak of all test samples of this experiment. That its derivatization is simple and speedy makes it suitable for broader applications. Among the seed samples selected for the experiment, adzuki beans have the highest GABA production potential followed by soybeans. So among the experiment samples, the whole grain of Kaohsiung #7 and #8 adzuki beans sprouted to 6 cm and soybeans sprouted to 9 cm have the greatest GABA content per weight unit. Most of the seeds contain almost no GABA before sprouting. Among the sampling lengths (0 - 9 cm), sprouting of 0.5 cm has the lowest GABA content. When the sprouting is greater than 0.5 cm, the GABA content rises significantly as the length of the sprouting increases. Between sprouted adzuki bean and mung bean products, the taste of adzuki bean product is better than mung bean product. Heating enhances the taste. Among sprouted soybean products, soy milk preserves the greatest amount of GABA. Drinking of 531 mL of the soy milk made according to the process of this experiment will result in intake of 18 mg GABA for reduction of blood pressure. Drinking of 338 mL of the soy milk made according to regular process will attain the same effect.
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