Articles de revues : « Brazilian Maxims »

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Burgo, Vanessa Hagemeyer, Carmen Lucia Milito Douran et Letícia Jovelina Storto. « Construções com tema marcado e máximas conversacionais no desenvolvimento de tópicos discursivos / Marked Theme Constructions and Conversational Maxims in the Development of Discourse Topics ». Caligrama : Revista de Estudos Românicos 24, n^o 2 (12 août 2019) : 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/2238-3824.24.2.95-112.

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Resumo: Este estudo busca analisar o modo como os interlocutores desenvolvem os tópicos discursivos por meio de construções com tema marcado, observando o papel das máximas conversacionais na organização dos assuntos. O arcabouço teórico está fundamentado nos conceitos da Análise da Conversação, e o corpus é formado de uma entrevista com o Governador do Estado de São Paulo Geraldo Alckmin, exibida no programa De frente com Gabi, transmitida pelo Sistema Brasileiro de Televisão – SBT. Trata-se de estratégias eficientes na progressão temática e que contribuem para assinalar a aceitação ou recusa de determinados tópicos por parte dos falantes e seus objetivos.Palavras-chave: tópico discursivo; tema marcado; máximas conversacionais.Abstract: This study aims at analysing how interlocutors develop discourse topics by means of marked theme constructions, observing the role of conversational maxims in the organization of subjects. The theoretical framework is based on the concepts of Conversation Analysis, and the corpus consists of an interview given by the Governor of São Paulo Geraldo Alckmin on the talk show De frente com Gabi, aired by SBT, a Brazilian television broadcasting channel. Those devices constitute efficient strategies towards thematic progression, and they contribute to point out speakers’ acceptance or refusal of certain topics as well as their objectives.Keywords: discourse topic; marked theme; conversational maxims.

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DE-LORENZI, Felipe da Costa. « Aproximação ao acordo sobre a sentença (Verständigung) no processo penal alemão : história, controvérsias e estado atual ». Revista do Instituto de Ciências Penais 8, n^o 1 (2023) : 121–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.46274/1809-192xricp2023v8n1p121-152.

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This article provides an overview of the most relevant aspects of Verständigung in German Criminal Procedure Law. This legal institute regulates agreements between the court, the defendant, and the prosecutor, with the main objective of expediting the procedure by exchanging the defendant’s confession for a mitigation in the punishment. In the first section, the text addresses historical aspects of criminal deals in Germany, such as the public disclosure of its informal existence, the main decisions of higher courts, and the legal regulation of this kind of agreement. Next, it presents a summary of the main arguments in favor and against the institute, mainly those based on procedural principles and maxims recognized by the German law doctrine. Subsequently, the currently applicable regulatory framework is analyzed. Finally, the paper briefly assesses how the study of criminal agreements in German Law can contribute to the criminal policy discussion about deals in other countries, focusing on the Brazilian context.

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Santos-Silva, Antônio, et Antonio Carvalho Neto. « Uma análise weberiana da gestação das estruturas de dominação em sindicatos ». Revista de Administração da UFSM 13, n^o 1 (29 mars 2020) : 01. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1983465928977.

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This paper presents the report of a survey that aimed to investigate the role of union leaders in gestation structures of domination in Brazilian unions adopting an interpretative Weberian analysis. Weberian concepts, such as domination, social relation and legitimacy were articulated to explain, in a qualitative approach, the internal social relations within trade unions. The exploratory analysis of 26 interviews conceded by trade union leaders allowed the identification of five groups of orders that constitute maxims and rules of action among the union leaders. This paper focuses on the documental analysis of 115 documents looking for evidence of the domination structures genesis. The documents revealed that these structures go back to the trade union training process, especially from the decade 1970s. The data analysis was structured in five groups of orders: ethics; political repression; ideology; mistrust between parts; and validity of laws. The study concluded by the pertinence of the adoption of the interpretative Weberian approach to explain the action of administrative staff (as in Weber, the influential individuals on the decision making process within the organization) related to the making and preservation of the structures of domination, confirming the Weberian theory.

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Libardoni, Paulo José, Gabriel Eidelwein Silveira et Tamires Eidelwein. « Workability via Platform : A Legislative Proposal and a Collective Movement for Socio-Labor Civil Integration ». Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental 18, n^o 2 (30 novembre 2023) : e04477. http://dx.doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n2-023.

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Introduction: The legal integration of work via technological platforms (applications) in the Brazilian legal system. Contextualization/concept: Under the terms of articles 7 and 114 of the Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil of 1988, it is work and work relations that gain grammaticality and literality in the constitutional text, which inaugurate the concept of workability, when the tone of employment (industrial sector) would be giving way to work (services sector). Objective: The historical and normative broth induces a perspective of reflexivity in the midst of resisted change, which will impose on workers via the platform (as mostly urban workers) and labor institutions renewed forms of collective union political, legislative and organizational action, whether at a national or international level, to overcome obstacles that impede the effectiveness of constitutional labor standards. Methodology: The methodology follows comprehensive (Weberian) and extensive interpretative and constitutional historical analysis connected to excerpts from current reality, centered on the theoretical-normative method. Theoretical framework: For Weber (2000), legal norms have the function of disciplining and ordering actions and social relations, constituting maxims and, therefore, creating the conditions of administration and obedience of society's participants to the law. Conclusion: The duty to be constitutionally regulated inaugurated new labor precepts, which are still in resistance in the world of being, which imposes on actors and labor institutions the creation of a middle path suitable for the civil socio-labor integration of a new professional category of urban workers.

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DEMITE, PETERSON R., WILTON P. DA CRUZ, SAMUEL BOLTON et GILBERTO J. DE MORAES. « Redescription of Honduriella maxima Denmark & ; Evans (Acari : Mesostigmata : Phytoseiidae), description of a new species of Honduriella Denmark & ; Evans from the Amazonian Forest, and a modified characterisation of the genus ». Zootaxa 4442, n^o 2 (2 juillet 2018) : 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4442.2.9.

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Until now, Honduriella Denmark & Evans has been known only from the holotype of its type species, Honduriella maxima Denmark & Evans. In recent surveys conducted in the Brazilian state of Amazonas, a second species of this genus was found. It is here described as Honduriella mcmurtryi Demite n. sp., based on morphological characteristics of adult females and males. Honduriella maxima is redescribed based on an examination of the holotype. In order to accommodate the new species, a modified characterisation of Honduriella is given.

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Castro-Pereira, Daniel, Elen A. Peres et Ricardo Pinto-da-Rocha. « Systematics and phylogeography of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest endemic harvestmen Neosadocus Mello-Leitão, 1926 (Arachnida : Opiliones : Gonyleptidae) ». PLOS ONE 16, n^o 6 (2 juin 2021) : e0249746. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249746.

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Neosadocus harvestmen are endemic to the Southern Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Although they are conspicuous and display great morphological variation, their evolutionary history and the biogeographical events underlying their diversification and distribution are still unknown. This contribution about Neosadocus includes the following: a taxonomic revision; a molecular phylogenetic analysis using mitochondrial and nuclear markers; an investigation of the genetic structure and species’ diversity in a phylogeographical framework. Our results show that Neosadocus is a monophyletic group and comprises four species: N. bufo, N. maximus, N. robustus and N. misandrus (which we did not find on fieldwork and only studied the female holotype). There is astonishing male polymorphism in N. robustus, mostly related to reproductive strategies. The following synonymies have resulted from this work: “Bunoweyhia” variabilis Mello-Leitão, 1935 = Neosadocus bufo (Mello-Leitão, 1926); and “Bunoweyhia” minor Mello-Leitão, 1935 = Neosadocus maximus (Giltay, 1928). Most divergences occurred during the Miocene, a geological epoch marked by intense orogenic and climatic events in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Intraspecific analyses indicate strong population structure, a pattern congruent with the general behavior and physiological constraints of Neotropical harvestmen.

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Ganzhorn, S. M., W. W. Thomas, F. A. Gaiotto et J. D. Lewis. « Spatial genetic structure ofManilkara maxima(Sapotaceae), a tree species from the Brazilian Atlantic forest ». Journal of Tropical Ecology 31, n^o 5 (25 juin 2015) : 437–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467415000292.

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Abstract:Habitat fragmentation may lead to spatial genetic structuring of plant populations, but the magnitude of this effect differs among species. In this study, the effects of fragmentation on spatial genetic structure ofManilkara maxima, an ecologically important tree species endemic to the Atlantic forest of southern Bahia, Brazil, were examined. To address this issue, 222 individuals were sampled across two large-forest sites (200 and 400 ha) and one site comprising eight small fragments (5, 10 and 25 ha) roughly 35 y old. Five microsatellite loci were used. In general,M. maximaexhibited limited genetic structuring within and across the sites examined. At the landscape scale, genetic structure was not shaped by isolation by distance. Within individual sites, weak to moderate genetic structure was observed for both adults and saplings, which represented pre- and post-fragmentation, respectively. Sapling genetic structure did not clearly vary among the study sites, suggesting fragmentation has not affected spatial genetic structure. High levels of migration were observed, which would help maintain genetic connectivity. Taken together, these results suggestM. maxima, a long-lived tree that naturally occurs in low densities, may have limited spatial genetic structuring both within and across forest patches.

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Mendes, Raquel E. F., Tania F. Campos, Thalita M. F. Macedo, Raissa O. Borja, Veronica F. Parreira et Karla M. P. P. Mendonca. « Prediction equations for maximal respiratory pressures of Brazilian adolescents ». Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy 17, n^o 3 (juin 2013) : 218–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-35552012005000086.

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Magela Diniz, Elza, Maria Auxiliadora Monteiro de Oliveira et Amauri Carlos Ferreira. « History of brazilian education : professional education in contexto ». Concilium 23, n^o 7 (15 mai 2023) : 327–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.53660/clm-1190-23e37.

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This study aims to approach a brief report of the historical periods experienced by the country and its direct relation with Vocational Education. The history of this type of education arises with the purpose of forming a workforce to serve the elites, using individuals in situations of social vulnerability, thus giving rise to our historical roots of school dualism. This analysis will be based on documents and authors found, separating data by historical periods as follows: Colonial Period, Imperial Period, Republican Period, Vargas Era, Military Period and Post-military or Post-dictatorship Period. Based on the data found, we can see in this work that vocational education is directly influenced by the thinking of each public manager: sometimes it assumes an assistentialist role, with policies aimed at reducing idleness and marginalization; at other times, it assumes the role of serving the economic system, dressed in the garb of developmentalism; and, at other times, it takes on the guise of comprehensive education, trying to overcome the maxim of intellectual work for the elites and manual work for the "underprivileged".

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Jha, Neerja, Sandra Eiko Mune, Mary E. C. Bernardes-de-Oliveira et N. C. Mehrotra. « Palynostratigraphic considerations on the Pennsylvanian interglacial microflora from Monte Mor (SP), Itararé Group, NE, Paraná Basin (Brazil) and its diachronic correlations with Indian Gondwana microflora ». Journal of Palaeosciences 61, n^o (1-2) (31 décembre 2012) : 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.54991/jop.2012.348.

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In the present communication the palynological contents of the Monte Mor taphoflora has been restudi ed in surface samples from the upper and lower levels of the coal beds from this type-locality and its Interval palynozone position has been reinterpreted and revised. Four palynological Interval zones were recognized from the Upper Palaeozoic Brazilian Paraná Basin by Souza (2000, 2006) and Souza & Marques-Toigo (2001, 2003, 2005), where Monte Mor microflora was placed in the lowermost Ahrensisporites cristatus Interval Zone (tentatively Late Bashkirian to Kazimovian). On the basis of presence of Crucisaccites monoletus, Divarisaccus spp., Faunipollenites (=Protohaploxypinus) amplus, Faunipollenites sp., Scheuringipollenites maximus, Platysaccus sp. and Scheuringipollenites maximus in the recovered microflora it is suggested that Monte Mor palynoflora belongs to Crucisaccites monoletus Interval Zone, which is contrary to the earlier studies which indicated that the Monte Mor palynoassemblage belongs to Ahrensisporites cristatus Interval Zone.

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ARNDT, Erik. « The species of Notiobia Perty (Coleoptera : Carabidae : Harpalini) from Brazil ». Acta Amazonica 28, n^o 3 (septembre 1998) : 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921998283299.

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The new species Notiobia glabrata, N. maxima and N. pseudolimbipennis are described. A key to the 11 Notiobia (s.str.) species known from Brazil, data about the distribution of each species and taxonomical remarks are provided. Notiobia parilis Bates, 1878 is a junior synonym of N. nebrioides Perty, 1830, and Notiobia umbrata Bates, 1882 is a junior synonym of N. jlavicinctus Erichson, 1847. The Brazilian Notiobia species belong to at least three different species groups, each distributed from Brazil over the North-Western part of South America, Central America to Mexico.

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Rodrigues, Jéssica Assaid Martins, Marcelo Ribeiro Viola, Carlos Rogério de Mello et Marco Antônio Vieira Morais. « Hydrological regionalization of streamflows for the Tocantins River Basin in Brazilian Cerrado biome ». Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science 16, n^o 6 (23 novembre 2021) : 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2716.

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The Brazilian Cerrado biome is the largest and richest tropical savanna in the world and is among the 25 biodiversity hotspots identified worldwide. However, the lack of adequate hydrological monitoring in this region has led to problems in the management of water resources. In order to provide tools for the adequate management of water resources in the Brazilian Cerrado biome region, this paper develops the regionalization of maximum, mean and minimum streamflows in the Tocantins River Basin (287,405.5 km2), fully located in the Brazilian Cerrado biome. The streamflow records of 32 gauging stations in the Tocantins River Basin are examined using the Mann-Kendall test and the hydrological homogeneity non-parametric index-flood method. One homogeneous region was identified for the estimate of the streamflows Qltm (long-term mean streamflow), Q90% (streamflow with 90% of exceeding time), Q95% (streamflow with 95% of exceeding time) and Q7,10 (minimum annual streamflow over 7 days and return period of 10 years). Two homogeneous regions were identified for maximum annual streamflow estimation and the Generalized Extreme Value distribution is found to describe the distribution of maximus events appropriately within the both regions. Regional models were developed for each streamflow of each region and evaluated by cross-validation. These models can be used for the estimation of maximum, mean and minimum streamflows in ungauged basins within the Tocantins River Basin within the area boundaries identified. Therefore, the results provided in this paper are valuable tools for practicing water-resource managers in the Brazilian Cerrado biome. Keywords: l-moments, statistical hydrology, water use rights concessions.

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Lima, Gustavo Pereira, Alessandro Wagner Coelho Ferreira et Eduardo Bezerra De Almeida Jr. « Taxonomy, distribution, and conservation status of <i>Geonoma</i> ; (Arecaceae, Arecoideae) : new records for the Maranhão state, Brazil ». Caldasia 44, n^o 2 (24 juin 2022) : 248–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/caldasia.v44n2.84929.

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Geonoma is one of the more diverse genera of palms in the neotropical region, which comprises 68 species distributed from southern Mexico to south-western Brazil. In Maranhão, a Brazilian state located in a transition area between the Eastern Amazon, the Cerrado, and the Caatinga, the knowledge about this genus still is deficient. For this reason, we elaborated a taxonomic study of the genus Geonoma for the state, based on the descriptive analysis of voucher specimens of national and international herbaria, and specimens collected in our expeditions. A total of five species were identified: G. baculifera and G. leptospadix species were previously cited in the literature, whereas G. maxima subsp. maxima, G. pohliana subsp. weddelliana and G. poiteauana are presented as new records. Taxonomic descriptions and distribution information are shared, as well as preliminary conservation status assessments of these species. Moreover, an identification key for all species in the state is also supplied. These findings extend the distribution and conservation knowledge of some Geonoma species, and are an important contribution to the identification of the taxa in the region.

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Nery, Antonio. « ENTRE O DIABO DA IGREJA E O DIABO DO CORDEL : O DIABO PORTUGUÊS ». Revista Épicas NE7, mai 2024 (29 mai 2024) : 101–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.47044/2527-080x.2024.ne7.101115.

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In his work A religião popular portuguesa (1990), Moisés Espírito Santo proposes that in Portugal's popular belief the proverb “The Devil is not as ugly as they paint him” is taken into account, a maxim that translates very well the alternative way in which the “fallen angel” is conceived and contradicts the discourses about Evil and its supreme representative, officially disseminated by the most traditional religious institutions. My proposal in this work is to reflect on how the Devil of portuguese popular religiosity, represented several times in the country's literature, spread in Brazilian Cordel literature, not only prolonging elements of the Portuguese “base”, but taking new contours that constituted one of the topoi of the textual genre Cordel. Both in portuguese popular religiosity and in Brazilian Cordel, certain elements can be seen, especially with regard to the humanized characteristics of the Devil, which are considerably opposed to the way in which more traditional religious institutions have disseminated and disseminate the demonic figure, with discourses that reinforce, even in our days, its existence and role in society.

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Garcia Júnior, José, Marcelo Francisco Nóbrega et Jorge Eduardo Lins Oliveira. « Coastal fishes of Rio Grande do Norte, northeastern Brazil, with new records ». Check List 11, n^o 3 (17 mai 2015) : 1659. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/11.3.1659.

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An updated and reviewed checklist of coastal fishes of the Rio Grande do Norte state, northeastern coast of Brazil, is presented. Between 2003 and 2013 the occurrence of fish species were recorded through collection of specimens, landing records of the artisanal fleet, literature reviews and from specimens deposited in ichthyological collections. A total of 459 species from 2 classes, 26 orders, 102 families and 264 genera is listed, with 83 species (18% of the total number) recorded for the first time in the study area. Additionally, Halichoeres radiatus, Lachnolaimus maximus and Canthigaster jamestyleri are reported for the first time in the Brazilian coast and nine other species have their geographic distribution extended.

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Maria, Luciano de Souza, Gustavo Caione, Evandro Luiz Schoninger, Getulio de Freitas Seben Junior, Guilherme Ferreira Ferbonink et Renato de Mello Prado. « Phosphorus availability in an Oxisol in pastures grown in Southern Brazilian Amazonia ». Research, Society and Development 11, n^o 11 (15 août 2022) : e55111133341. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i11.33341.

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The objective of this study was to verify and compare the P availability in an Oxisol cultivated with Megathyrsus maximus cv BRS-Zuri and Urochloa decumbens cv Basilisk and to predict the best soil P extractor in pastures in Southern Amazonia. Two experiments were carried out, one with BRS-Zuri grass and the other with Signal grass. The experimental design was randomized blocks with five doses of P2O5 based on the maximum capacity of adsorption of P (MCAP), corresponding to 0, 3, 6, 12 and 24% MCAP, with doses 0, 54, 108, 216 and 432 kg ha-1 of P2O5, with four replicates. In each cut of the grasses were determined the dry mass, the accumulation of leaf P and by the Mehlich-1 and resin extractors verified the available P. There were effects of P2O5 doses on the variables analyzed in both grasses. The appropriate class of P by Mehlich-1 was 14.6 mg dm-3 (BRS-Zuri) and 7.2 (U. decumbens) mg dm-3, by the resin extractor was 20.5 mg dm-3 (BRS-Zuri) and 14.40 mg dm-3 (U. decumbens). The resin extractor yielded the highest correlation indexes between PR and soil P content.

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Souza, Ivanderlete Marques de, Edvaldo Sagrilo, José Oscar Lustosa de Oliveira Júnior, Maria Diana Melo Araújo, Luciano Cavalcante Muniz, Joaquim Bezerra Costa, Roberto Cláudio Fernandes Franco Pompeu et al. « Soil Chemical Quality in Integrated Production Systems with the Presence of Native and Exotic Tree Components in the Brazilian Eastern Amazon ». Forests 15, n^o 7 (21 juin 2024) : 1078. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f15071078.

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Conservation systems involving trees enhance the sustainability of tropical soils. However, little is known on the effect of integrated systems with native and exotic trees on soil chemical quality in the eastern Amazon. We aimed to measure changes in soil chemical quality in integrated production systems in Pindaré-Mirim, Maranhão, Brazil. This study was carried out in 2017 and 2018, evaluating (i) perennial pasture; (ii) crop–livestock–forest integration-I (CLFI-I)—eucalyptus rows interspersed with maize + Urochloa brizantha intercropping; (iii) CLFI-II—babassu palm trees (Attalea speciosa Mart.) with maize + Megathyrsus maximus intercropping; and (iv) maize + M. maximus intercropping. Soil chemical attributes at depths of 0.00–0.10 m, 0.10–0.20 m, 0.20–0.30 m, and 0.30–0.50 m, forage productivity, and soil cover were evaluated. CLFI-II promoted the highest soil organic matter concentration in topsoil and highest pH, lowest Al3+ levels, and potential acidity (H+Al) at all soil depths. Soil under pasture showed the highest N, K+, Ca2+ concentrations, sum of bases, and cation exchange capacity. Changes in CLFI-II are associated with the babassu palm’s ability to modulate the surrounding environment, giving the species a competitive advantage in anthropic environments. The time of adoption is crucial for improving soil fertility in the Brazilian eastern Amazon. Sustainable production systems in the region must comply with long-term management plans.

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Mantoani, Maurício Cruz, et José Marcelo Domingues Torezan. « Regeneration response of Brazilian Atlantic Forest woody species to four years of Megathyrsus maximus removal ». Forest Ecology and Management 359 (janvier 2016) : 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2015.10.004.

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Desbiez, Arnaud Leonard Jean, Gabriel Favero Massocato et Danilo Kluyber. « Insights into giant armadillo (Priodontes maximus Kerr, 1792) reproduction ». Mammalia 84, n^o 3 (26 mars 2020) : 283–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mammalia-2019-0018.

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AbstractThis paper presents unique data on the reproductive behavior of the rare giant armadillo (Priodontes maximus), including gestation, inter-birth intervals, number of offspring and parental care. It also describes a potential non-parental infanticide. The study used telemetry, camera traps and track observations for over 7 years in a 300-km2 area in the central Brazilian Pantanal. Females with young were recorded 5 times. Reproductive events did not appear to be seasonal. A 5-month gestation period was estimated. Parental care is long, as the offspring is completely dependent on its mother’s milk until 6–8 months of age. Weaning was estimated to occur at 11–12 months, but the offspring continued to be dependent on its mother’s burrows until 18 months old. Three births were recorded over a 6-year period for one individual. The offspring from the first birth recorded was killed at 4 weeks of age in a potential infanticide, but 7 months after the first birth, a second offspring was born. A third birth was recorded 3 years after the second birth. Results from this study suggest that the population growth rate of giant armadillos is very low and the species can therefore easily be locally extirpated.

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Santos, Igo Gonçalves dos, Aksa Ingrid Vieira Batista, Weslania Souza Inacio da Silva, Manuel Benicio Oliveira Neto, Sofia Cerqueira Schettino, Matheus Resende Oliveira, Rafael Antonio Nascimento Ramos, Leucio Câmara Alves, Márcio Bezerra-Santos et Victor Fernando Santana Lima. « Gastrointestinal parasites in captive wild animals from two Brazilian Zoological Gardens ». Research, Society and Development 11, n^o 4 (18 mars 2022) : e28411426637. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i4.26637.

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Keeping animals in zoos is important for the preservation of endangered species. However, captive animals can also be affected by different species of parasites. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in wild and exotic animals from two zoos in the state of Sergipe, Northeastern Brazil. Fecal samples were obtained by spontaneous defecation of 287 specimens, grouped into mammals (n = 101), birds (n = 99), and reptiles (n = 87). The samples were assessed using two techniques, Mini-FLOTAC and Ziehl-Neelsen, to identify helminths and protozoa, respectively. In total, 60.2% (173/287) of the animals evaluated were positive for some type of gastrointestinal parasite. Among the classes evaluated, mammals (81.1%; 82/101; p-value <0.0001) were mostly affected, followed by birds (56.6%; 56/99) and reptiles (40.2%; 35/87). Furthermore, our findings showed that the parasites Ancylostomatidae and coccidian oocysts were the most abundant among the species. It is important to highlight the first record of some parasites in species in the South America, such as: Ancylostomatidae in Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus) and Brown Bear (Ursus arctos); Toxascaris leonina in Leo (Panthera leo); and Trichostrongyloidea and Ascarididae in Equus quagga burchellii and Lama glama. Taken together, our data showed a high occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in captive animals, including zoonotic species, which may pose a risk to animal and human public health.

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Denadai, Benedito Sérgio, Ivan Da Cruz Piçarro et Adriana Kowalesky Russo. « Maximal oxygen consumption and anaerobic threshold in maximal tests on treadmill, cycle ergometer and arm ergometer, in brazilian triathletes ». Revista Paulista de Educação Física 8, n^o 1 (20 juin 1994) : 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2594-5904.rpef.1994.138420.

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Nosso objetivo foi descrever o perfil fisiológico de triatletas altamente treinados e verificar se múltiplos modos de treinamento resultam em adaptações genéricas ou específicas. O VO^ max e o Limiar Anaeróbio (LA.) de 6 triatletas foram determinados durante testes máximos na esteira rolante (ER), bicicleta ergométrica (BE) e ergômetro de braço (EB). O VO2 max (ml.kg"^.min~^) foi de 61,48 ± 5,89; 58,58 ± 6,95 e 35,24 ± 6,76 respectivamente para ER, BE e EB. O LA. (ml.kg~*.min“* e % V 02 max) foi 50,49 ± 5,05 e 82,3 ± 9,0 para ER, 39,47 ± 6,06 e 67,0 ± 8,5 para BE e 22,52 ± 8,68 e 63,3 ± 18,3 para EB. O V 02 max e o LA. obtidos na ER são semelhantes aos de corredores de longa distância, mas os obtidos na BE são inferiores aos dos ciclistas de elite. O V 02 max não foi diferente entre a ER e BE. Porém, o LA. foi menor na BE do que na ER. Estes resultacíos, dão suporte à teoria da especificidade do treinamento e indica que os triatletas deste estudo possuem um maior potencial de melhora no ciclismo do que na corrida

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López-Anido, Fernando Sebastián. « Cultivar-Groups in Cucurbita maxima Duchesne : Diversity and Possible Domestication Pathways ». Diversity 13, n^o 8 (31 juillet 2021) : 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13080354.

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Domesticated Cucurbita has been remarked as one of the plant genera with the highest diversity in color, shape and fruit dimensions. Their economic and cultural values are related to the consumption of the mature or immature fruits, seeds, flowers, and to the use as decoration. The wild ancestor of C. maxima, the ssp. andreana has an actual scattered and disjointed distribution, associated with megafauna seed disperser syndrome. It was domesticated in South America around 9000–7000 years BP. The cultivar-group is a subspecific category for assembling cultivars on the basis of defined similarity. The work describes and pictures nine cultivar-groups for the species, Banana, Turban, Hubbard, Show, Buttercup, Zapallito, Plomo, Zipinka and Nugget. The molecular and a morphological join data analysis scatter biplot showed Turban and Buttercup in a central position, suggesting a first step in the domestication pathway associated with seed and immature fruit consumption; afterward, bigger bearing fruits groups were selected for their mature fruit flesh quality on one hand, and bush type, short day induction and temperate climate adaptation on the other hand. The striking domesticated Brazilian accession MAX24 intermediate between cultigens and ssp. andreana strengthens, in concordance with archeological remains, the possible domestication place of the species more easternward than previously believed.

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Barrios, Sanzio Carvalho Lima, Camilo Carromeu, Márcio Aparecido Inácio da Silva, Edson Takashi Matsubara, Cacilda Borges do Valle, Liana Jank, Mateus Figueiredo Santos et al. « Pasto Certo® version 2.0 - An application about Brazilian tropical forage cultivars for mobile and desktop devices ». Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales 8, n^o 2 (30 mai 2020) : 162–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17138/tgft(8)162-166.

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A brief outline of the second version of Pasto Certo®, released by Embrapa and partners in February 2019, is presented. It is an improved and updated version of Pasto Certo® 1.0, an application that describes Brazilian commercial tropical forage cultivars. The application helps the user to identify and differentiate cultivars, provides recommendations and information on use restrictions of each cultivar, and compares different cultivars in terms of a number of characteristics. In comparison with the first version (published in 2017), new features of Pasto Certo® 2.0 are: (1) 7 cultivars of forage legumes (genera Arachis, Cajanus and Stylosanthes) were added to the original 16 grass cultivars (Urochloa spp. and Megathyrsus maximus); (2) the user can choose between Portuguese, Spanish and English languages; (3) information on commercial seed sources in Brazil is included; (4) a guide to selecting the most suitable cultivar for specific conditions is provided; and (5) the application is available for different platforms (Android, iOS and WEB - www.pastocerto.com).

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Silva, Jair de Almeida, et Alexsandro Rodrigues Meireles. « Sociophonetic study of the Capixaba speech rhythm ». Journal of Speech Sciences 1, n^o 1 (1 juillet 2011) : 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/joss.v1i1.15007.

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Meireles and Barbosa have presented studies that show the influence of speech rate on speech rhythmic restructurings (see [1] for data in French, and [2], [4] for data in Brazilian Portuguese). Rhythmic restructuring is defined here as the reorganization of stress groups (henceforth SG) as speech rate increases. The speech rate influence on speech rhythmic reorganizations can be explained by the Dynamical Speech Rhythm model [2] [5] (henceforth DSR). In this model, speech rhythm is considered as a “consequence of the variation of perceived duration along the entire utterance” [2]. Intrinsic segmental duration is normalized through the use of abstract vowel-to-vowel (henceforth VV) duration (see [2] [4]). Entrained, abstract VV duration is used as the control parameter to generate prosodic variation. The maxima of VV duration delimitate produced SG as rhythmic units in Brazilian Portuguese. Using the DSR model as a theoretical framework, Meireles and Barbosa have run acoustic and articulatory experiments that show the influence of speech rate on speech rhythm (see [4] for a broad explanation): (i) Meireles and Barbosa [4] investigated how speech rate acts to articulatorily reorganize lexical stress in Brazilian Portuguese; (ii) Meireles and Barbosa [4] ran acoustic and articulatory (EMMA) experiments, so as to study speech rhythm reorganizations due to speech rate increase in Brazilian Portuguese. This paper follows the line of reasoning of Barbosa’s and Meireles’ research. Nevertheless, it sheds new light on the phenomenon of rhythmic restructuring since it correlates phonetic variables (mean and standard deviation of VV and SG durations) with social variables (gender and age). Main results have shown that social variables variation reorganizes speech rhythm and modifies some phonetic parameters in the following way: a) the standard deviation of vowel-to-vowel (VV) duration and stress group duration is smaller for the male gender and the advanced age; b) stress group duration tends to be vary less for the male gender and the advanced age (rhythmic restructurings make VV units smaller, but with a greater number of VV units per stress group, what results in a statistically constant stress group duration at these variables); c) the number of VV units per stress group proportionally increases from the young age to the advanced age due to rhythmic restructurings; and d) the male gender and the advanced age exacerbate the mixture character of Brazilian Portuguese rhythm, i.e., tendencies to syllable as to stress-timed rhythm.

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Srbek-Araujo, Ana Carolina, Silvana Carolina Amaro et Hilton Entringer Jr. « Identification of mammals based on hair microstructure : Methodological adaptations and new morphological patterns ». Brazilian Journal of Mammalogy, e92 (22 février 2024) : e922023123. http://dx.doi.org/10.32673/bjm.vie92.123.

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The characterization of patterns of hair microstructure is an important instrument for studying the diet and ecology of mammals, representing an accessible method for identifying predators and their prey. The present study aimed to: (1) describe methodological adaptations developed to optimize traditional guard hair analysis protocols; (2) propose adjustments in the classification of morphological patterns of medulla and cuticle; and (3) establish the microstructural pattern of Brazilian mammals’ hair to assist in the identification of prey and predators in studies based on fecal samples. Hairs from 53 mammal species, including small (n = 16), medium (n = 28) and large size (n = 9), distributed in 24 families and nine orders were analyzed. The orders with the most species analyzed were Carnivora (n = 14), Rodentia (n = 13) and Didelphimorphia (n = 8), while the most representative families were Didelphidae (n = 8), Cricetidae (n = 7) and Felidae (n = 6). Among the species, 13 (24.5% of the total) did not have the microstructural patterns described in studies developed previously in Brazilian territory: Alouatta guariba, Blarinomys breviceps, Bradypus torquatus, Callicebus personatus, Callithrix geoffroyi, Dasyprocta leporina, Hylaeamys seuanezi, Potos flavus, Priodontes maximus, Rhipidomys mastacalis, Sapajus robustus, Sylvilagus minensis and Tayassu pecari. More descriptive nomenclatures were proposed regarding the observed patterns and new patterns were described for species evaluated in previous studies. Our results contribute to the diagnosis of species to be more accurate, contributing to the development of future studies.

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Mainier, Fernando B., Dalmo Lima Filho et Aída Maria Bittencout Filha. « Critical Evaluation of Possible Contamination by Toxic Metals in Powdered Milk During the Production Process ». JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY 8, n^o 2 (20 décembre 2012) : 1630–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jac.v8i2.4043.

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This study used an interdisciplinary approach to bring together some of the necessary and fundamental knowledge in the processing of powdered milk, mainly in relation to the materials used in the manufacture of equipment used in industrial processing. In order to clarify this issue, questions are presented on problems of corrosion, erosion and contamination by microorganisms that can generate or contribute to toxic metal leaching and consequently contaminate milk powder. In this work, we developed a method using atomic absorption spectroscopy with electro-thermal atomization to determine levels of cadmium, lead and nickel. To evaluate the possibility of contamination, we tested 15 samples of various brands of milk powder purchased in shops. Fortunately, the levels of these elements, in all samples, were lower than the maxima allowed under Brazilian law. However, this method of chemical analysis can be used as a tool of quality as the contamination that may occur during the production process.

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Frigo, Everton, Francesco Antonelli, Djeniffer S. S. da Silva, Pedro C. M. Lima, Igor I. G. Pacca et José V. Bageston. « Effects of solar activity and galactic cosmic ray cycles on the modulation of the annual average temperature at two sites in southern Brazil ». Annales Geophysicae 36, n^o 2 (3 avril 2018) : 555–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-555-2018.

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Abstract. Quasi-periodic variations in solar activity and galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) on decadal and bidecadal timescales have been suggested as a climate forcing mechanism for many regions on Earth. One of these regions is southern Brazil, where the lowest values during the last century were observed for the total geomagnetic field intensity at the Earth's surface. These low values are due to the passage of the center of the South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly (SAMA), which crosses the Brazilian territory from east to west following a latitude of ∼ 26∘. In areas with low geomagnetic intensity, such as the SAMA, the incidence of GCRs is increased. Consequently, possible climatic effects related to the GCRs tend to be maximized in this region. In this work, we investigate the relationship between the ∼ 11-year and ∼ 22-year cycles that are related to solar activity and GCRs and the annual average temperature recorded between 1936 and 2014 at two weather stations, both located near a latitude of 26∘ S but at different longitudes. The first of these stations (Torres – TOR) is located in the coastal region, and the other (Iraí – IRA) is located in the interior, around 450 km from the Atlantic Ocean. Sunspot data and the solar modulation potential for cosmic rays were used as proxies for the solar activity and the GCRs, respectively. Our investigation of the influence of decadal and bidecadal cycles in temperature data was carried out using the wavelet transform coherence (WTC) spectrum. The results indicate that periodicities of 11 years may have continuously modulated the climate at TOR via a nonlinear mechanism, while at IRA, the effects of this 11-year modulation period were intermittent. Four temperature maxima, separated by around 20 years, were detected in the same years at both weather stations. These temperature maxima are almost coincident with the maxima of the odd solar cycles. Furthermore, these maxima occur after transitions from even to odd solar cycles, that is, after some years of intense GCR flux. The obtained results offer indirect mathematical evidence that solar activity and GCR variations contributed to climatic changes in southern Brazil during the last century. A comparison of the results obtained for the two weather stations indicates that the SAMA also contributes indirectly to these temperature variations. The contribution of other mechanisms also related to solar activity cannot be excluded. Keywords. Meteorology and atmospheric dynamics (climatology)

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Brandini, Frederico Pereira. « Hydrography, phytoplankton biomass and photosynthesis in shelf and oceanic waters off southeastern Brazil during autumn (may/june, 1983) ». Boletim do Instituto Oceanográfico 36, n^o 1-2 (1988) : 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0373-55241988000100007.

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Spatial distribution of chlorophyll-a, phytoplankton photosynthesis and nutrients were studied in relation to the hydrographic environment of the southeastern Brazil from May 3 to June 31 of 1983 during an oceanographia cruise conducted by the R/V "Almirante Saldanha" of the Brazilian Navy. Temperature and salinity at 5 meters depth ranged from 21 to 25º C and from 33.00 to 37.11, respectively. The concentration of nutrients varied, nitrate + nitrite-N from 1.0-3.0 µg-at/l, phosphate-P 0.1-0.9 µg-at/l and silicate-Si 5-25 µg-at/l. The chlorophyll-a concentrations along the coast varied from 0.35 to 1.48 mg/m³ with maxima in front of Paranaguá Bay (PR) and over the southern shelf of Santa Catarina State. Low concentrations around 0.20 mg/m³ of uniform distribution were observed in shelf and off-shelf areas. Comparatively high concentrations were measured over the shelf break zone in front of Paranaguá Bay indicationg the occurrence of shelf break upwelling of deep nutrient rich waters. The pattern of vertical distribution was stratified and irregular in coastal stations and uniform in shelf and oceanic waters although some subsurface peaks were sometimes detected. The integrated chlorophyll values within the euphotic layer varied between 2.70 and 28.06 mg/m². The surface photo synthetic capacity varied from 0.4 to 7.7 mgC/mgChl.a/hr with higher values obtained in coastal areas.. The vertical distributions were variable in coastal areas and more uniform in mid-shelf stations. Sub-surface maxima of photosynthesis were detected in both nearshore and off-shore stations, and surface inhibition was not observed.

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Cherkos, Alemayehu Mengesha. « Solar Flux Effects on the Variations of Equatorial Electrojet (EEJ) and Counter-Electrojet (CEJ) Current across the Different Longitudinal Sectors during Low and High Solar Activity ». Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences 40, n^o 2 (juin 2023) : 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5140/jass.2023.40.2.45.

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This study examined the effect of solar flux (F10.7) and sunspots number (R) on the daily variation of equatorial electrojet (EEJ) and morning/afternoon counter electrojet (MCEJ/ACEJ) in the ionospheric E region across the eight longitudinal sectors during quiet days from January 2008 to December 2013. In particular, we focus on both minimum and maximum solar cycle of 24. For this purpose, we have collected a 6-year ground-based magnetic data from multiple stations to investigate EEJ/CEJ climatology in the Peruvian, Brazilian, West & East African, Indian, Southeast Asian, Philippine, and Pacific sectors with the corresponding F10.7 and R data from satellites simultaneously. Our results reveal that the variations of monthly mean EEJ intensities were consistent with the variations of solar flux and sunspot number patterns of a cycle, further indicating that there is a significant seasonal and longitudinal dependence. During the high solar cycle period, F10.7 and R have shown a strong peak around equinoctial months, consequently, the strong daytime EEJs occurred in the Peruvian and Southeast Asian sectors followed by the Philippine regions throughout the years investigated. In those sectors, the correlation between the day Maxima EEJ and F10.7 strengths have a positive value during periods of high solar activity, and they have relatively higher values than the other sectors. A predominance of MCEJ occurrences is observed in the Brazilian (TTB), East African (AAE), and Peruvian (HUA) sectors. We have also observed the CEJ dependence on solar flux with an anti-correlation between ACEJ events and F10.7 are observed especially during a high solar cycle period.

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Follmer, Bruno, Cassio Victora Ruas, Rodolfo Andre Dellagrana, Luis Antonio Pereira De Lima, Ronei Silveira Pinto et Fernando Diefenthaeler. « Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu fighters present greatest rapid and maximal strength imbalances at extreme elbow angles ». Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies 25 (janvier 2021) : 126–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmt.2020.11.013.

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Kano, Hugo Tadashi, Layene Peixoto Barros, Franz H. Burini et Roberto C. Burini. « Immune and Hormones Levels Responses Before and After Specific Maximal Protocol of Brazilian Olympic Athletes ». Medicine & ; Science in Sports & ; Exercise 50, n^o 5S (mai 2018) : 624. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000537147.37587.70.

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Jesus, Fernanda Lamede Ferreira de, Arthur Carniato Sanches, Fernando Campos Mendonça, Adriano Bicioni Pacheco, Débora Pantojo de Souza et Jhon Lennon Bezerra da Silva. « Production and water-use efficiency of Megathyrsus maximus cv. Mombaça “Guinea grass” under nitrogen and boron doses ». Semina : Ciências Agrárias 42, n^o 4 (20 mai 2021) : 2217–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n4p2217.

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Brazilian cattle production is mainly conducted with the use of cultivated or native forages, which is considered one of the most efficient ways of production. In this sense, this study aimed to evaluate the production and water-use efficiency of Guinea grass under different associations between nitrogen and boron doses, as well as different regrowth cycles. The experiment field (22°42’14.6’’ S, 47°37’24.1’’ W, and 569-m altitude) has a regional climate classified as Cwa, which stands for a humid subtropical climate. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with a 4×4×11 factorial arrangement consisting of boron (0, 0.181, and 0.363 kg ha−1 cycle−1) and nitrogen (22.7, 45.5, 68.2, and 90.9 kg ha−1 cycle−1) fertilizations, plus 11 regrowth cycles and 4 replications. The pasture of Mombaça “Guinea grass” (Megathyrsus Maximus Syn. Panicum Maximum) was irrigated by a sprinkler system. Unlike boron, nitrogen positively influenced forage production. The cycles had a strong influence on production, with winter cycles being the least productive compared to the others.

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Silva, Enilson de Barros, Múcio Mágno de Melo Farnezi, Lauana Lopes dos Santos, Alexandre Chistofaro Silva, Paulo Henrique Grazziotti, Luís Reynaldo Ferracciú Alleoni, Ingrid Horák-Terra, Sandra Antunes do Nascimento et Bento Gil Uane. « Nickel Effects on Growth and Phytolith Yield of Grasses in Contaminated Soils ». Soil Systems 8, n^o 1 (26 janvier 2024) : 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems8010017.

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Nickel (Ni) is extremely toxic to plants at high concentrations. Phytoliths have the potential to sequester the heavy metals absorbed by plants and act as a detoxification mechanism for the plant. The authors of the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of Ni on the growth and phytolith yield of grasses in two artificially contaminated soils. Two experiments separated by soil types (Typic Quartzipsamment and Rhodic Hapludox) were conducted in a completely randomized design in a 2 × 4 factorial scheme with three replications. The factors were two species of grass (Urochloa decumbens and Megathyrsus maximus) and three concentrations of Ni (20, 40, and 120 mg kg−1) and control treatment. The grasses were influenced by the increase in Ni rates in the soils. Ni exerted a micronutrient function with the addition of 30 mg kg−1 of Ni in soils, but this concentration caused toxicity in grasses. Such a level is lower than the limits imposed by the Brazilian environmental legislation. Higher Ni availability in Typic Quartzipsamment promoted Ni toxicity, with reduced growth and increased phytolith yield in the shoot, increased Ni in the shoot, and Ni occlusion in phytoliths by grasses, in comparison with Rhodic Hapludox. The yield and Ni capture in phytoliths by grasses in Ni-contaminated soils are related to the genetic and physiological differences between grasses and Ni availability in soils. Ni capture by phytoliths indicates that it may be one of the detoxification mechanisms of Urochloa decumbens to Ni contamination, providing additional tolerance. Megathyrsus maximus may be a future grass for the phytoremediation technique in Ni-contaminated soils.

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Braga, Gustavo J., Giovana A. Maciel, Roberto Guimarães Jr., Allan K. B. Ramos, Marcelo A. Carvalho, Francisco D. Fernandes, Carlos E. L. Fonseca et Liana Jank. « Performance of young Nellore bulls on guineagrass pastures under rotational stocking in the Brazilian Cerrado ». Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales 7, n^o 3 (5 juillet 2019) : 214–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17138/tgft(7)214-222.

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New highly productive guineagrass (Megathyrsus maximus syn. Panicum maximum) cultivars have been released in Brazil and grazing trials are necessary to evaluate their carrying capacity and forage quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the liveweight gains of young Nellore bulls grazing 3 guineagrass cultivars under rotational stocking. The experiment was carried out in Planaltina (Federal District, Brazil) during a single rainy (November‒April) and dry (May‒August) season. Treatments were Massai (control), BRS Tamani and BRS Zuri cultivars. Zuri and Tamani pastures provided greater average daily liveweight gains (ADG) (0.38 and 0.42 kg/head, respectively) over the experimental period than Massai (0.28 kg/head). For all cultivars liveweight gains decreased markedly from May onwards at the beginning of the dry season. Nevertheless, bulls grazing Tamani and Zuri pastures still gained 0.20 kg/hd/d until late August, while those on Massai pastures gained only 0.08 kg/hd/d. The differences in ADGs can be explained to some extent by differences in quality of available forage. In vitro dry matter digestibility of plucked samples of Massai was 555 g/kg, compared with 621 g/kg for Tamani and 590 g/kg for Zuri. Crude protein concentration in plucked samples was also greater for Tamani and Zuri (71.9 and 74.2 g/kg, respectively) than for Massai (62.2 g/kg). As feed wastage was particularly high in Massai, further studies are needed to verify if higher stocking rates during the wet season could result in greater production of live weight per ha on this cultivar, assuming that ADG does not decrease further with the increased stocking rate.

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Pereira, Silvia Rahe, Adriana Paula D’Agostini Contreiras-Rodrigues, Daiane Rodrigues Oliveira, Valdemir Antônio Laura et Daniela Aparecida Dalla-Costa. « Qualidade Física e Fisiológica de Sementes Comercializadas de Capim-Colonião em Campo Grande - MS ». Ensaios e Ciência C Biológicas Agrárias e da Saúde 24, n^o 1 (27 mai 2020) : 07–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/1415-6938.2020v24n1p07-11.

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O Centro-Oeste brasileiro representa a região brasileira com maior área e produção de sementes de Megathyrsus maximus, uma gramínea muito utilizada para a formação de pastagens em regiões tropicais do Brasil e outros países da América. Objetivou-se no presente estudo diagnosticar a qualidade física e fisiológica de sementes de três cultivares da espécie M. maximus (Mombaça, BRS Tamani e BRS Zuri) comercializadas por diferentes empresas de Campo Grande (MS). Os experimentos foram conduzidos utilizando-se sementes da safra 2017-2018 em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 3 x 6, avaliando-se três cultivares e seis procedências. As variáveis analisadas foram: pureza física, peso de mil sementes, primeira contagem do teste de germinação, germinação, valor cultural e teste de tetrazólio. Os resultados encontrados demonstram que, com exceção de um lote da cultivar Mombaça, os demais lotes das três cultivares da espécie Megathyrsus maximus (Mombaça, BRS Tamani e BRS Zuri), de todas as procedências avaliadas, apresentaram qualidade física e fisiológica compatível com a comercialização em função da legislação vigente. No entanto, é possível encontrar lotes com qualidade distinta no mercado de Campo Grande. Assim, a escolha adequada da procedência (empresa) vai garantir a expressão máxima do potencial genético, subsidiada por processos adequados de produção e pós-colheita. Palavras-chave: Megathyrsus Mombaça. Gramíneas Tropicais. Teste de Germinação. Teste de Tetrazólio. Valor Cultural. Abstract Brazilian's Midwest represents the region with the largest area and production of Megathyrsus maximus seeds, a grass widely used for the pastures formation in tropical regions of Brazil and other countries in America.The objective of this study was to diagnose the physical and physiological quality of seeds of three cultivars of the species Megathyrsus maximus (Mombaça, BRS Tamani and BRS Zuri) commercialized by different companies of Campo Grande (MS). The experiments were conducted using seeds of the 2017-2018 harvest, in a completely randomized design, using a factorial scheme 3 x 6, with three species and six sources, totaling 18 treatments. The variables analyzed were: physical purity, weight of one thousand seeds, first count of germination test, germination, cultural value and tetrazolium. The results showed that with the exception of one lot of cultivar Mombaça, the other lots of the three cultivars of species Megathyrsus maximus (Mombasa, BRS Tamani and BRS Zuri), of all provenances, have compatible physical and physiological quality with marketing in accordance with current legislation. However, it is possible to find lots of different quality in the Campo Grande market. Thus, the appropriate choice of source (company) will guarantee the maximum expression of genetic potential, subsidized by adequate production and post-harvest processes. Keywords: Megathyrsus mombaça. Tropical Grasses. Germination Test. Tetrazolium Test. Cultural Value.

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Torga, Khelma, Graziela Tolesano-Pascoli, Jacqueline Bonfim Vasquez, Eurípedes Luciano da Silva Júnior, Marcelo Bahia Labruna, Thiago Fernandes Martins, Maria Ogrzewalska et Matias Pablo Juan Szabó. « Ticks on birds from Cerrado forest patches along the Uberabinha river in the Triângulo Mineiro region of Minas Gerais, Brazil ». Ciência Rural 43, n^o 10 (27 août 2013) : 1852–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782013005000121.

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We herein describe ticks parasitizing birds in forest fragments along the Uberabinha River, a major watercourse that cuts through patches of remnants of Brazilian savannah in Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Overall 352 birds from 62 species, overwhelmingly, Passeriformes, were captured with mist-nets. The most abundant bird species was Basileuterus hypoleucus (n=36), followed by Lanio penicillata (n=24) and Thalurania furcata (n=23). Thirty one birds, all Passeriformes, were found infested with 56 ticks from which 12 were larvae and 44 nymphs, all from the Amblyomma genus. Highest infestation prevalence was found on Taraba major (66.6%), Thamnophilus pelzeni (60%) and Saltator maximus (50%). The mean intensity of tick infestation was low (1.8 tick per infested bird) with most of the parasites located on the neck (60%) of birds, followed by the head (20%). All larvae were attached to the skin around the eyes of birds. Amblyomma nodosum was the most numerous tick species found attached to birds (n=23 nymphs, 52.3% of nymphs) followed by Amblyomma longirostre (n=5, 11.4% of nymphs). Ecological relationships are discussed.

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Fernandes, Patrick Bezerra, Tiago do Prado Paim, Luizmar Peixoto dos Santos, Brunna Rafaela Souza, Vanessa Nunes Leal, Lucas Ferreira Gonçalves, Flávio Lopes Claudio, Darliane de Castro Santos, Katia Cylene Guimarães et Estenio Moreira Alves. « Optimal Time for Haymaking and Potential Production of Grass Hay on Soybean Overseeding in Brazilian Savanna ». Agronomy 13, n^o 12 (13 décembre 2023) : 3046. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13123046.

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The objective of this research was to determine the potential for hay production of Quenia guinea grass (Megathyrsus maximus cv. BRS Quenia), Congo grass (Urochloa ruziziensis), and Xaraes palisade grass (Urochloa brizantha cv. Xaraes) following soybean cultivation (Glycine max) in the Brazilian Cerrado. The experimental field was divided into 12 plots, with 4 replicates of each grass species. Chemical composition, forage mass (FM), and the potential for milk and carcass production were determined for the three grasses. Principal component analysis showed that the total digestible nutrients (TDN) had the most significant influence on milk and carcass potential. Quenia guinea grass reached maximum forage accumulation at 134 days after soybean harvest, representing 4191.51 kg ha−1 of FM. Congo grass and Xaraes palisade grass produced 4033.51 kg ha−1 and 4437.22 kg ha−1, respectively, in cuts made at 154 and 138 days. Quenia guinea grass had 20.71% soluble protein in its composition when harvested at 115 days. Regarding milk production potential, Congo grass, on the other hand, showed a linear reduction in milk production as the number of days after soybean harvest increased. As for carcass production potential, Congo grass demonstrated the highest carcass production potential (110.65 kg Mg−1 FM) at 107 cutting days. Xaraes palisade grass had the highest FM production, while Quenia guinea grass stood out in soluble protein. Conversely, Congo grass showed greater potential for hay production when overseeding in soybeans, as it excelled in carcass production potential. Therefore, for this grass, the ideal point for haymaking should occur within up to 107 days after sowing.

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Øvretveit, Karsten. « Acute physiological and perceptual responses to Brazilian jiu-jitsu sparring : the role of maximal oxygen uptake ». International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport 18, n^o 3 (4 mai 2018) : 481–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2018.1493634.

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Mesquita, Afrânio Rubens de, Alberto Dos Santos Franco, Joseph Harari et Carlos Augusto De Sampaio França. « ON SEA LEVEL ALONG THE BRAZILIAN COAST ». Revista Brasileira de Geofísica 31, n^o 5 (1 décembre 2013) : 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22564/rbgf.v31i5.387.

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ABSTRACT. This is Part II of a contribution on Brazilian sea levels – Part I dealt with the seasonal variability. It examines the sea level changes along the Brazilian coast from series with less than 40 years of measurement, against the background of changes in series of all continents and islands around the world, considering data distributed by the Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level (PSMSL). The method of analysis follows the display of the data in a: 1) ﬁrst plot of relative sea level trends (C), against the length of the series (L) expressed in years and a: 2) second plot showing the relative sea level regression coefﬁcients (C), versus the corresponding correlation values (m). The ﬁrst plot of all PSMSL data exhibited a cusped like shape of the distribution of (C), having maxima values about 10-20 cm/cty for the longest series (120-137 years), indicating the overall positive value of the global relative sea level trend. Similar ﬁrst plot, a regional plot of African and South American data adjusted to the same global relative mean level, showed that the Brazilian trends (C), are mostly concentrated in the positive side of the cusped: (ports of Bel´em, Fortaleza. Recife, Canavieiras, Salvador, Ilha Fiscal, Rio de Janeiro, Ubatuba, Cananeia, and Imbituba) which have a mean value within 30 to 40 cm/cty. The second plot, with all set of PSMSL data, was necessary in order to display trend values of non simultaneous series of different continental borders and lengths in the same bin. The plot gave two different linear inclinations for trend values within ± 0.3 cm/y, in the positive and negative sides of the ﬁgure. The global ratio obtained for the trends was R = − 1.2, suggesting also, from the linearity of the plot, that the trends and correlation values are statistically dependent variables. The graph produced a different value for global balance of the value C obtained in the ﬁrst plot. Similar regional second plot of the African Atlantic and South American borders, which include the Brazilian data, also gave rise to two new regression lines with trend C*1 < 0 and C*2 > 0, with a ratio R = − 2.2, involving bins of m and C values that are also null in the vicinity of zero. This regionally plot conﬁrmed the result of the second plot with PSMSL series that they (C and m), globally, should be dependent statistical variables. These ﬁndings, however, do not change the fact that the regional series with trends 0.2 cm/year have correlation values m < 0.3, whatever their lengths, and that the mean value of the relative sea level, along the Brazilian coast, is increasing with an estimated rate of 30 to 40 cm/cty. Further work is under way, aiming at solving the above apparently contradictory results.Keywords: sea level, Brazilian coast, PSMSL series, global relative sea level, imbalance of relative sea level. RESUMO. Esta é a segunda parte de uma contribuição sobre os níveis do mar na costa brasileira – a parte I tratou da variação sazonal – ela examina as mudanças do nível do mar ao longo da costa brasileira a partir de séries com comprimentos menores do que 40 anos contra as variações das séries de todas as ilhas e continentes do globo, levando em conta as séries distribuídas pelo Permanent Service for the Mean Sea Level (PSMSL). A descrição é feita através da exposição dos dados em 1) um gráﬁco das tendências (C) contra o comprimento das séries (L) em dados anuais e um 2) segundo gráﬁco mostrando as tendências dos níveis relativos (C) contra os valores dos valores das correlações (m) entre as séries e os dados da sua reta de regressão. O primeiro gráﬁco com as séries do PSMSL mostrou uma forma de cúspide como distribuição de (C) com valores máximos de cerca de 10-20 cm/século para as séries mais compridas (120-137 anos). Figura semelhante com dados da América do Sul e da África ajustada para essa média, mostra o mesmo padrão (portos de Belém, Fortaleza, Canavieiras, Salvador, Ilha Fiscal, Rio de Janeiro, Ubatuba, Cananeia e Imbituba). O segundo gráﬁco foi necessário para a análise de séries com comprimentos diversos e não simultâneas como as séries do PSMSL, produziu duas novas retas com inclinações C*1 < 0 e C* > 0 construídas a partir dos valores das tendências C das séries PSMSL, com inclinações dentro da faixa de 0,2 cm/ano na parte positiva e negativa da ﬁgura, sugerindo uma não equivalência entre essas inclinações, em favor de valor global negativo de C* para o Nível Relativo do Mar. Figura semelhante produzida com as s´eries Africanas e Sul Americanas, que incluíram as séries brasileiras, mostrou característica similar, além de indicar que séries com tendências ± 0,2 cm/ano têm valores de correlação m < 0,3 qualquer que seja o comprimento da série. Os resultados interessantes, mas contraditórios, que incluem a dependência linear global entre correlação e tendências das séries fornecidas pelo PSMSL, devem ser analisados em continuação aos presentes estudos, que indicam que o nível relativo do mar na costa brasileira está aumentando à razão de 30 a 40 cm/século.Palavras-chave: nível do mar, costa brasileira, séries do PSMSL, nível relativo do mar global, balanço do nível relativo do mar.

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Schwarcz, Lilia Mortiz. « Gilberto Freyre : Adaptação, Mestiçagem, Trópicos e Privacidade em 'Novo Mundo Nos Trópicos' | Gilberto Freyre : Adaptation, Miscigenation, Tropics and Privacy in 'New World in the Tropics' ». Revista PHILIA | Filosofia, Literatura & ; Arte 3, n^o 1 (2 juin 2021) : 137–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/2596-0911.113101.

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ResumoO objetivo deste artigo é produzir uma reflexão crítica sobre a produção de Gilberto Freyre, mais verticalizada em dois aspectos. Em primeiro lugar, buscar-se-á entender a seleção feita por esse antropólogo de uma certa mestiçagem e adaptação cultural, símbolos da singularidade brasileira. Em segundo lugar, procura-se entender de que maneira esse tipo de interpretação desloca a análise de fenômenos mais sociais e econômicos, investindo profundamente na esfera privada. Como se costuma dizer, Freyre teria descrito a escravidão brasileira, tendo como foco apenas os cativos domésticos. Para tanto, começar-se-á com a análise do clássico Casa Grande & Senzala, mas a insistência se dará na interpretação do livro Novo mundo nos trópicos, obra em que o estudioso procura sintetizar suas conclusões para um público estrangeiro. Aí estariam condensadas as suas máximas e grandes linhas de interpretação.Palavras-chave: Adaptação. Mestiçagem. Novo mundo nos trópicos. Gilberto Freyre. AbstractThe aim of this paper is to produce a critical reflection on Gilberto Freyre’s work, which is more vertical in two respects. First, I will seek to understand the selection made by the anthropologist of a certain cultural miscegenation and adaptation, symbols of Brazilian singularity. Second, I’ll try to understand how such an interpretation shifts the analysis of rather social and economic phenomena, deeply invested in the private. As it is said, Freyre would have described Brazilian slavery focusing only on the domestic slaves. Thus, the analysis begins with the classic Casa Grande & Senzala, but the emphasis will be in the interpretation of the book in the New world in the tropics [Novo mundo nos Trópicos], a work in which the scholar seeks to synthesize his findings to a foreign audience. There it would be condensed his maxima and broad lines of interpretation.Key words: Adaptation. Miscegenation. New world in the tropics. Gilberto Freyre.

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de Souza e Silva, Christina G., Leonard A. Kaminsky, Ross Arena, Jeffrey W. Christle, Claudio Gil S. Araújo, Ricardo M. Lima, Euan A. Ashley et Jonathan Myers. « A reference equation for maximal aerobic power for treadmill and cycle ergometer exercise testing : Analysis from the FRIEND registry ». European Journal of Preventive Cardiology 25, n^o 7 (8 mars 2018) : 742–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2047487318763958.

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Background Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) is a powerful predictor of health outcomes. Valid and portable reference values are integral to interpreting measured VO2max; however, available reference standards lack validation and are specific to exercise mode. This study was undertaken to develop and validate a single equation for normal standards for VO2max for the treadmill or cycle ergometer in men and women. Methods Healthy individuals ( N = 10,881; 67.8% men, 20–85 years) who performed a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test on either a treadmill or a cycle ergometer were studied. Of these, 7617 and 3264 individuals were randomly selected for development and validation of the equation, respectively. A Brazilian sample (1619 individuals) constituted a second validation cohort. The prediction equation was determined using multiple regression analysis, and comparisons were made with the widely-used Wasserman and European equations. Results Age, sex, weight, height and exercise mode were significant predictors of VO2max. The regression equation was: VO2max (ml kg–1 min–1) = 45.2 – 0.35*Age – 10.9*Sex (male = 1; female = 2) – 0.15*Weight (pounds) + 0.68*Height (inches) – 0.46*Exercise Mode (treadmill = 1; bike = 2) ( R = 0.79, R2 = 0.62, standard error of the estimate = 6.6 ml kg–1 min–1). Percentage predicted VO2max for the US and Brazilian validation cohorts were 102.8% and 95.8%, respectively. The new equation performed better than traditional equations, particularly among women and individuals ≥60 years old. Conclusion A combined equation was developed for normal standards for VO2max for different exercise modes derived from a US national registry. The equation provided a lower average error between measured and predicted VO2max than traditional equations even when applied to an independent cohort. Additional studies are needed to determine its portability.

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Costa, Nídia Raquel, Marcelo Andreotti, Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol, César Gustavo da Rocha Lima, André Michel de Castilhos, Daniel Martins de Souza, Carolina dos Santos Batista Bonini et Cristiano Magalhães Pariz. « Yield and nutritive value of the silage of corn intercropped with tropical perennial grasses ». Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 52, n^o 1 (janvier 2017) : 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2017000100008.

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Abstract: The objective of this work was to compare the yield and nutritive value of the silage of corn intercropped with palisade grass (Urochloa brizantha 'Marandu') or guinea grass (Megathyrsus maximus 'Tanzânia') with those of the silage of monocropped corn, as well as to evaluate the pasture established in the intercropping systems during two growing seasons (2010-2011 and 2011-2012), in low-altitude Brazilian Cerrado. The treatments consisted of three cropping systems: monocropped corn, corn intercropped with palisade grass, and corn intercropped with guinea grass, with four replicates. Intercropping decreased corn forage dry matter yield for silage; however, due to the addition of grass, total dry matter yield (corn + grass) was similar between treatments. Intercropping also did not negatively affect corn production components and morphological characteristics. The cropping systems provided silages with good nutritive values, and the inclusion of tropical forages increased the silage fiber contents. Intercropping corn with tropical perennial grasses is a viable option for producing large quantities of silage with good nutritive value. The forage yield (silage + pasture) of these intercropping systems is similar to that of monocropped corn in tropical regions and has the advantage of providing a pasture in the off-season.

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Anjos, Luiz A., Richard A. Boileau et James E. Misner. « Maximal mechanical aerobic and anaerobic power output of low-income Brazilian schoolchildren as a function of growth ». American Journal of Human Biology 4, n^o 5 (1992) : 647–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.1310040511.

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da Silva, Bruno Victor C., Mário A. de Moura Simim, Moacir Marocolo, Emerson Franchini et Gustavo R. da Mota. « Optimal Load for the Peak Power and Maximal Strength of the Upper Body in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Athletes ». Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 29, n^o 6 (juin 2015) : 1616–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000000799.

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Pessoa, Isabela Maria B. Sclauser, Cristina Martins Coelho, Liliane Patrícia de Souza Mendes, Dayane Montemezzo, Danielle Aparecida Gomes Pereira et Verônica Franco Parreira. « Comparison of three protocols for measuring the maximal respiratory pressures ». Fisioterapia em Movimento 28, n^o 1 (mars 2015) : 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-5150.028.001.ao03.

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Introduction To avoid the selection of submaximal efforts during the assessment of maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures (MIP and MEP), some reproducibility criteria have been suggested. Criteria that stand out are those proposed by the American Thoracic Society (ATS) and European Respiratory Society (ERS) and by the Brazilian Thoracic Association (BTA). However, no studies were found that compared these criteria or assessed the combination of both protocols. Objectives To assess the pressure values selected and the number of maneuvers required to achieve maximum performance using the reproducibility criteria proposed by the ATS/ERS, the BTA and the present study. Materials and method 113 healthy subjects (43.04 ± 16.94 years) from both genders were assessed according to the criteria proposed by the ATS/ERS, BTA and the present study. Descriptive statistics were used for analysis, followed by ANOVA for repeated measures and post hoc LSD or by Friedman test and post hoc Wilcoxon, according to the data distribution. Results The criterion proposed by the present study resulted in a significantly higher number of maneuvers (MIP and MEP – median and 25%-75% interquartile range: 5[5-6], 4[3-5] and 3[3-4] for the present study criterion, BTA and ATS/ERS, respectively; p < 0.01) and higher pressure values (MIP – mean and 95% confidence interval: 103[91.43-103.72], 100[97.19-108.83] and 97.6[94.06-105.95]; MEP: median and 25%-75% interquartile range: 124.2[101.4-165.9], 123.3[95.4-153.8] and 118.4[95.5-152.7]; p < 0.05). Conclusion The proposed criterion resulted in the selection of pressure values closer to the individual’s maximal capacity. This new criterion should be considered in future studies concerning MIP and MEP measurements.

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Chaves Gurgel, Antonio Leandro, Gelson Dos Santos Difante, Carolina Marques Costa, João Virgínio Emerenciano Neto, Gustavo Henrique Tonhão, Luís Carlos Vinhas Ítavo, Alexandre Menezes Dias et al. « Establecimiento de gramíneas forrajeras tropicales en el bioma del Cerrado ». Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Pecuarias 13, n^o 3 (4 juillet 2022) : 674–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.22319/rmcp.v13i3.6039.

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This study was carried out to evaluate the time for the establishment of tropical forage grasses in the “Cerrado” biome, based on morphogenetic and structural traits. Three Brachiaria brizantha (Syn. Urochloa brizantha) cultivars (Paiaguás, Ipyporã and Marandu) and two Panicum maximum (Syn. Megathyrsus maximus) cultivars (Quênia and Tamani) were distributed in a randomized-block design with four replicates. Morphogenetic and structural traits of the pasture were assessed from d 35 to d 65 after sowing, at seven-day interval. Canopy height rose linearly with the establishment period, in all cultivars. In the Megathyrsus cultivars, tiller density decreased as the experimental period progressed, whereas the number of tillers in the Urochloa cultivars increased. The cultivars Ipyporã and Marandu had the highest leaf appearance rates. The lowest leaf elongation rates occurred in the cultivars Paiaguás, Ipyporã and Tamani, and the highest elongation rates in cv. Quênia. As a result, cv. Quênia showed the highest values of final leaf length (64.9 cm) and leaf blade mass (3,352.9 kg DM ha-1). The higher senescence rate of cv. Tamani (2.1 cm tiller-1 d-1) resulted in the highest percentage of dead material (1,815.5 kg ha-1) being found in the herbage mass of this cultivar. Cultivars Paiaguás, Marandu and Tamani were established at 44 d, whereas cv. Quênia and Ipyporã were established at 51 and 58 d after sowing, respectively, in the Brazilian Cerrado.

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Lima, Diogo de Paula, Felipe Della Torre, Áurea Rodrigues Cordeiro, Maria Rita Scotti et Marcel Giovanni Costa França. « Shade induces contrasting light photosynthetic performance between Signal and Guinea Grasses ». Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy 44 (9 mars 2022) : e53561. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.53561.

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Signal grass (Urochloa decumbens) and guinea grass (Megathyrsus maximus) are African grasses that are well established in the Brazilian Savannah and we tested their adaptation to different light intensity. Plants were grown for 45 days under 0% shade (full sun) and 25, 40, and 80% induced shade to evaluate their photosynthetic performance. Light curves showed higher values of electron transport rate, photochemical quenching, and effective quantum yield in plants subjected to 0 and 25% shade for signal grass and in 25 and 40% shade for guinea grass. The potential quantum yield evaluations revealed that signal grass felt the effects of excessive light around 11:30 am on plants subjected to 0 and 25% shade. Conversely, guinea grass showed these photoinhibition effects at the same shade level but in a longer time range (9:30 am to 1:30 pm). As shade increased, there was a reduction tendency of the pigment content in signal grass and the opposite was observed for guinea grass. Stomatal conductance showed different values during the day and among different shade levels and there were no differences in relative water content between treatments and species. Results indicated better photosynthetic performance for signal grass under high intensity and better photosynthetic performance for guinea grass subjected to intermediate and higher levels of shade. Altogether, the results indicate that guinea grass seems to be a more appropriate choice for silvopasture systems.

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Cullen, Joshua A., Nina Attias, Arnaud L. J. Desbiez et Denis Valle. « Biologging as an important tool to uncover behaviors of cryptic species : an analysis of giant armadillos (Priodontes maximus) ». PeerJ 11 (18 janvier 2023) : e14726. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14726.

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Advances in biologging have increased the understanding of how animals interact with their environment, especially for cryptic species. For example, giant armadillos (Priodontes maximus) are the largest extant species of armadillo but are rarely encountered due to their fossorial and nocturnal behavior. Through the analysis of speed, turning angles, and accelerometer activity counts, we estimated behavioral states, characterized activity budgets, and investigated the state-habitat associations exhibited by individuals monitored with GPS telemetry in the Brazilian Pantanal from 2019 to 2020. This methodology is proposed as a useful framework for the identification of priority habitat. Using the non-parametric Bayesian mixture model for movement (M3), we estimated four latent behavioral states that were named ‘vigilance-excavation’, ‘local search’, ‘exploratory’, and ‘transit’. These states appeared to correspond with behavior near burrows or termite mounds, foraging, ranging, and rapid movements, respectively. The first and last hours of activity presented relatively high proportions of the vigilance-excavation state, while most of the activity period was dominated by local search and exploratory states. The vigilance-excavation state occurred more frequently in regions between forest and closed savannas, whereas local search was more likely in high proportions of closed savanna. Exploratory behavior probability increased in areas with high proportions of both forest and closed savanna. Our results establish a baseline for behavioral complexity, activity budgets, and habitat associations in a relatively pristine environment that can be used for future work to investigate anthropogenic impacts on giant armadillo behavior and fitness. The integration of accelerometer and GPS-derived movement data through our mixture model has the potential to become a powerful methodological approach for the conservation of other cryptic species.

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De Souza, Murilo, Jéssica Pigatto de Queiroz Barcelos et Ciro A. Rosolem. « Synergistic Effects of Subsoil Calcium in Conjunction with Nitrogen on the Root Growth and Yields of Maize and Soybeans in a Tropical Cropping System ». Agronomy 13, n^o 6 (2 juin 2023) : 1547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13061547.

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A large part of Brazilian maize is double-cropped after soybeans, when water shortages are very frequent. A larger root system can mitigate drought stress and enable better nitrogen (N) use. Alleviating acidity and applying gypsum can increase root growth and N-use efficiency in maize, which has a more aggressive root system than soybeans. However, it is not known how these factors interact in integrated cropping systems, or how soybeans respond to them. Soybean and maize root growth and grain yields as affected by soil Ca enrichment using lime and gypsum, along with the N rates applied to maize intercropped with Guinea grass (Megathyrsus maximus), were assessed in a medium-term field experiment. Liming resulted in greater root growth for both crops; however, when lime was used in conjunction with gypsum, root growth was further enhanced. The total maize grain yield was 35% higher compare to the control when gypsum was used in conjunction with lime; however, subsoil Ca enrichment increased the total soybean grain yield by 8% compared to the control. Nitrogen fertilization increased the total maize grain yield by 36%, with a more expressive increase when applying 160 kg ha−1 or more, and despite a positive effect on soybean grain yields in the long term, this response seems not to be a direct effect of the N applied to the maize. Both subsoil Ca enrichment and N application to maize increase root growth and the total yield of the system.

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Corte, Jaime Della, Wendell Luiz M. Pereira, Eduardo Emil Lacerda S. Corrêa, João Gabriel Miranda de Oliveira, Bruno Lucas Pinheiro Lima, Juliana Brandão Pinto de Castro et Vicente Pinheiro Lima. « Influence of power and maximal strength training on thermal reaction and vertical jump performance in Brazilian basketball players : a preliminary study ». Biomedical Human Kinetics 12, n^o 1 (1 janvier 2020) : 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bhk-2020-0012.

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SummaryStudy aim: To evaluate the effect of power and muscle strength training on skin temperature and the performance of the vertical jump with countermovement (CMJ).Material and methods: The sample consisted of four male basketball athletes of the under-17 category (age: 15.75 ± 1.0 years). 48 hours after anthropometric evaluation and determination of the loads for 1 repetition maximum (1RM) in the leg extension exercise, the athletes were subjected, through crossover-type entrance, to power (PTP) and strength (STP) training protocols. The protocols consisted of three sets with loads of 60% and 90% of 1RM for PTP and STP, respectively. Thermographic images of the thighs were taken before and immediately after each training session.Results: There were significant differences in results between the two training protocols, with increased total repetitions (t = 13.481; p < 0.05) and total training volume (t = 15.944; p < 0.05) in the PTP, and increase in the % of 1RM (t = 33.903; p < 0.05) and rating of perceived exertion (t = 6.755; p < 0.05) in the STP. The skin temperature before and after PTP and STP showed no significant differences. In the post-STP, the CMJ presented significant reductions in height (t = 3.318; p < 0.05), flight time (t = 3.620; p < 0.05), velocity (t = 3.502; p < 0.05), and force (t = 4.381; p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in pre-and post-STP CMJ.Conclusions: Power and maximum strength training in the leg extension exercise performed until concentric failure appears to be a method that induces thermal stress on the skin. This training directly influenced the performance of the vertical jump after the stimulus.

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