Thèses sur le sujet « Bovini da latte »
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Mattachini, G. « SOLUZIONI TECNOLOGICHE INNOVATIVE E METODOLOGIE DI MONITORAGGIO DEL COMPORTAMENTO PER MIGLIORARE EFFICIENZA PRODUTTIVA E BENESSERE DI BOVINI DA LATTE ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/169985.
Texte intégralPozzo, Gianluca. « Peculiarità qualitative del latte ottenuto da bovine di razza Jersey ». Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
Trouver le texte intégralPREMI, MICHELE. « SVILUPPO DELL'INDICE DI BENESSERE SDIB PER BOVINE DA LATTE FINALIZZATO ALL'OTTIMIZZAZIONE DEGLI ALLEVAMENTI ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/67852.
Texte intégralThe overview of Animal Welfare (AW) assessment systems shows that it is based on multiple direct and indirect indicators, but for all systems examined, there is never the possibility of confirming the welfare estimate with objective and independent reference methods. Even though the various systems want to estimate an objective data of animal welfare, they respond to specific social categories: public opinion (e.g., Welfare Quality), administrative policy (e.g., IBA), breeders (e.g., FARM, IBS and SDIB), consumers (FARM, Welfare Quality). At the moment, there is no truly holistic system; in relation to the main need to satisfy, there is a tendency to simplify the evaluation by omitting some significant aspects. The general aim of this research activity was to evolve an animal welfare evaluation system (SDIB model), that has been carried out at the DIANA Department of Piacenza. Firstly, this system is suggested for farms as a tool for innovation of the livestock enterprise, but in full compliance with the regulations, social sensitivity, and ethical requirements. The main objective was to develop a software, called IDEAL, dedicated to the SDIB evaluation model. The possible redundancy of the welfare indicators included in the model was evaluated within an adequate population of farms in the Po Valley and in the State of Oregon. In addition, SDIB has shown encouraging results about its use as a tool for the evaluation of extra company factors. In fact, some evaluations have been carried out in groups of farms characterized by differences in production and management (e.g., biological system vs. conventional, adherence to Grana Padano Disciplinary vs. Parmigiano Reggiano Disciplinary, Po Valley system vs. Oregon system) to assess the possible impact on the level of AW. Applying this methodology, the investigation of these factors goes beyond the current trends. On the contrary, it favors the animals' response to these factors. With regard to the comparisons carried out, a high variability relative to the level of animal welfare has been found for all groups of farms, demonstrating how different disciplines or farming systems are not sufficient to ensure an optimal level of AW, if not related to something else. A second objective of the project was to study blood reference values at the various stages of lactation in order to provide greater objectivity to the AW assessment systems with independent data. Therefore, blood samples were taken from the most representative categories of cows during the production cycle (dry, immediate post-partum, end of the first month of lactation and advanced lactation) belonging to herds with a good level of welfare in all SDIB clusters, adequate feeding at all stages and excellent standards of facilities and equipment, with the aim of identifying the reference levels of various physiological indicators. For the 4 phases, new reference ranges have been identified, and they can be used to validate the various assessment systems of the AW.
PREMI, MICHELE. « SVILUPPO DELL'INDICE DI BENESSERE SDIB PER BOVINE DA LATTE FINALIZZATO ALL'OTTIMIZZAZIONE DEGLI ALLEVAMENTI ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/67852.
Texte intégralThe overview of Animal Welfare (AW) assessment systems shows that it is based on multiple direct and indirect indicators, but for all systems examined, there is never the possibility of confirming the welfare estimate with objective and independent reference methods. Even though the various systems want to estimate an objective data of animal welfare, they respond to specific social categories: public opinion (e.g., Welfare Quality), administrative policy (e.g., IBA), breeders (e.g., FARM, IBS and SDIB), consumers (FARM, Welfare Quality). At the moment, there is no truly holistic system; in relation to the main need to satisfy, there is a tendency to simplify the evaluation by omitting some significant aspects. The general aim of this research activity was to evolve an animal welfare evaluation system (SDIB model), that has been carried out at the DIANA Department of Piacenza. Firstly, this system is suggested for farms as a tool for innovation of the livestock enterprise, but in full compliance with the regulations, social sensitivity, and ethical requirements. The main objective was to develop a software, called IDEAL, dedicated to the SDIB evaluation model. The possible redundancy of the welfare indicators included in the model was evaluated within an adequate population of farms in the Po Valley and in the State of Oregon. In addition, SDIB has shown encouraging results about its use as a tool for the evaluation of extra company factors. In fact, some evaluations have been carried out in groups of farms characterized by differences in production and management (e.g., biological system vs. conventional, adherence to Grana Padano Disciplinary vs. Parmigiano Reggiano Disciplinary, Po Valley system vs. Oregon system) to assess the possible impact on the level of AW. Applying this methodology, the investigation of these factors goes beyond the current trends. On the contrary, it favors the animals' response to these factors. With regard to the comparisons carried out, a high variability relative to the level of animal welfare has been found for all groups of farms, demonstrating how different disciplines or farming systems are not sufficient to ensure an optimal level of AW, if not related to something else. A second objective of the project was to study blood reference values at the various stages of lactation in order to provide greater objectivity to the AW assessment systems with independent data. Therefore, blood samples were taken from the most representative categories of cows during the production cycle (dry, immediate post-partum, end of the first month of lactation and advanced lactation) belonging to herds with a good level of welfare in all SDIB clusters, adequate feeding at all stages and excellent standards of facilities and equipment, with the aim of identifying the reference levels of various physiological indicators. For the 4 phases, new reference ranges have been identified, and they can be used to validate the various assessment systems of the AW.
CATTANEO, LUCA. « Comprendere la messa in asciutta nella bovina da latte : approfondimenti su metabolismo e infiammazione ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/131852.
Texte intégralThe dry-off is an important phase of the lactation cycle. It represents a stressful event for dairy cows because it includes several changes in animal management and physiology. Inflammatory events in this phase seem to have a carryover effect on the ensuing lactation. Moreover, the high milk yield still achieved by modern cows in late gestation can affect the adaptation to the non-lactating period and might impair future performance and health. Furthermore, the public demand to reduce antibiotic use in livestock and the spread of selective dry-cow therapy raise additional concerns about this phase. In this thesis, the effect of systemic inflammatory conditions at dry-off on the adaptation to the subsequent calving has been investigated. Then, a selective dry-cow therapy approach was evaluated, particularly focusing on the immunometabolic responses and the implications on the ensuing early lactation. Moreover, to optimize this strategy, the supplementation of a nutraceutical (Aloe arborescens Mill.) has been tested with a similar approach. Furthermore, circulating leukocyte gene expression was analyzed at the turn of the dry-off, to understand what happens at a molecular level, comparing cows with different yields, and confirming the detrimental effect of high yield on the inflammatory response. Several strategies have been proposed over the years to gradually reduce milk yield before dry-off, promoting the beginning of the mammary involution process. Thus, we evaluated the effects of feed restriction on performance and metabolism.
Bonfante, Elena <1988>. « Studio dei fattori che influenzano la digeribilità della fibra nella bovina da latte : approcci dinamici ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/8183/1/Bonfante_Elena_Tesi.pdf.
Texte intégralIt has been known that ruminants are highly specialized in fiber degradation. In normal conditions, the forage particles are the ones that are retained, more than others, for a long time in the rumen to be digested by the bacteria. However the prediction of the rumen digestibility of potentially digestible fiber has been underestimate in some models. More recent studies made by Krizsan, Ahvenjarvi e Huhtanen, have modified the values related to fiber digestibility in the rumen. The introduction of uNDF240 as internal marker to evaluate the pdNDF digestibility, allowed studying the digestibility in the field. The studies conducted in this thesis had the aim to evaluate the factors that can affect digestibility of the diet such as fiber particle size and the use of forages with different digestibility (kd, %/h). The results of this thesis showed that the reduction in fiber particle size increase the DMI without affect rumen health of growing heifers. Diet with short fiber particle size reached high level of digestion; this evaluation confirms the hypothesis that forage particle size is only one of the factor affecting the retention time in the rumen, and that other factors like particle density and buoyancy can be involved. In lactating cows the inclusion of highly digestible fiber and low in uNDF allows to increase the intake and performances; however the total digestibility didn’t change significantly. Again, these results can be justified by the different retention time in the rumen that can compensate the slow digestibility of some forage. Evaluating the pdNDF digestibility observed in this research with the models available, NorFor equations appears to predict the fiber behavior in the rumen.
Bignami, B. « INDAGINE SULLA PRESENZA DI PATOGENI ZOONOSICI IN ALLEVAMENTI DI BOVINE DA LATTE DEL COMPENSORIO LOMBARDO ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/150091.
Texte intégralSORIANI, NAZZARENO. « SVILUPPO DI STRUMENTI PER LA VALUTAZIONE E MIGLIORAMENTO DEL WELFARE NELLE AZIENDE DI BOVINE DA LATTE ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1744.
Texte intégralAnimal welfare is one of the most discussed topic in the animal science. Many researchers have been proving to define animal welfare and to develop tools useful to assess its levels in dairy farms. In the present issue it is discussed with different point of view (scientific, economical and zootechnic) the opportunity to assess the animal welfare through innovations system. Our different research was develop to compare the results about animal welfare in dairy herds obtained by physiological indices as well as blood variables, a model for animal welfare assessment as well as IDSW model, a rumination monitoring system.
SORIANI, NAZZARENO. « SVILUPPO DI STRUMENTI PER LA VALUTAZIONE E MIGLIORAMENTO DEL WELFARE NELLE AZIENDE DI BOVINE DA LATTE ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1744.
Texte intégralAnimal welfare is one of the most discussed topic in the animal science. Many researchers have been proving to define animal welfare and to develop tools useful to assess its levels in dairy farms. In the present issue it is discussed with different point of view (scientific, economical and zootechnic) the opportunity to assess the animal welfare through innovations system. Our different research was develop to compare the results about animal welfare in dairy herds obtained by physiological indices as well as blood variables, a model for animal welfare assessment as well as IDSW model, a rumination monitoring system.
Tessaro, I. « LA BOVINA DA LATTE COME MODELLO PER LO STUDIO DEL PRECOCE INVECCHIAMENTO OVARICO : ASPETTI MORFOLOGICI E MOLECOLARI ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/150039.
Texte intégralVALSECCHI, CLAUDIO. « SOSTENIBILITA' NUTRIZIONALE ED ECONOMICA : SVILUPPO DI INDICI AGGREGATI PER MIGLIORARE LA COMPETITIVITA' IN ALLEVAMENTI DI VACCHE DA LATTE ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/95712.
Texte intégralDairy cow farms aim to maximize milk production believing that this will improve profit through the dilution effect of maintenance costs. However, it becomes important to have under control the feed production costs, but above all the effective business efficiency of whole herd. The main objective of this research work is to find a monitoring system of farm efficiency, both economic and nutritional, useful for technicians who visit dairy farms in order to support the entrepreneurial choices of the farmer. Technical and economic indices were measured on 90 dairy cow farms to assess the nutritional and economic efficiency of the farms. A multivariate approach was used to aggregate partial indicators into new latent structures. A second objective was to predict, through farm characteristics and other farm management information, the aggregate farm efficiency indices derived: economic efficiency, energy efficiency, and break-even point. Eighty-nine dairy cow farms were visited and interviewed to collect information on herd size, milk production and quality, reproductive performance, cow welfare, diet formulation and feeding costs. Finally, the different feeding strategies adopted on visited farms were characterized. Information was collected on herd performance, feeding costs and different formulated rations. The chemical composition of the diets, the fermentative profile of the diets and methane production, feeding efficiency of the herd, milk production and quality and fecal fermentative profile were characterized.
VALSECCHI, CLAUDIO. « SOSTENIBILITA' NUTRIZIONALE ED ECONOMICA : SVILUPPO DI INDICI AGGREGATI PER MIGLIORARE LA COMPETITIVITA' IN ALLEVAMENTI DI VACCHE DA LATTE ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/95712.
Texte intégralDairy cow farms aim to maximize milk production believing that this will improve profit through the dilution effect of maintenance costs. However, it becomes important to have under control the feed production costs, but above all the effective business efficiency of whole herd. The main objective of this research work is to find a monitoring system of farm efficiency, both economic and nutritional, useful for technicians who visit dairy farms in order to support the entrepreneurial choices of the farmer. Technical and economic indices were measured on 90 dairy cow farms to assess the nutritional and economic efficiency of the farms. A multivariate approach was used to aggregate partial indicators into new latent structures. A second objective was to predict, through farm characteristics and other farm management information, the aggregate farm efficiency indices derived: economic efficiency, energy efficiency, and break-even point. Eighty-nine dairy cow farms were visited and interviewed to collect information on herd size, milk production and quality, reproductive performance, cow welfare, diet formulation and feeding costs. Finally, the different feeding strategies adopted on visited farms were characterized. Information was collected on herd performance, feeding costs and different formulated rations. The chemical composition of the diets, the fermentative profile of the diets and methane production, feeding efficiency of the herd, milk production and quality and fecal fermentative profile were characterized.
Gianesella, Matteo. « Subacute rumen acidosis in Italian dairy herds : occurence and diagnostic tools ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3425013.
Texte intégralAgosta, Graziana. « Definizione di una metodologia di analisi del comportamento di bovine da latte allevate a stabulazione libera in relazione al microclima ». Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/1320.
Texte intégralCARE', SARA. « RICERCHE SU TALUNI INDICATORI DI TIPO BIOCHIMICO FISIOLOGICO ATTI A VALIDARE I MODELLI DI VALUTAZIONE DEL BENESSERE NEGLI ALLEVAMENTI DI BOVINE DA LATTE ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/782.
Texte intégralThe objective assessment of lactating dairy cows welfare is complex and controversial. The main concerns are the choice of the model indicators and the aggregation of obtained results in a global score that represents the effective welfare. According to these considerations, the animal welfare determination needs a scientific validation. Our results shows that the value of fructosamine between the third and fifth week in lactation strongly reflects the average blood glucose in the previous weeks, therefore it shows the energetic deficit and the low nutritional status. The determination of chronic stress is also fundamental to determine the animal welfare, it can be measured by the plasmatic cortisolemic value. Some indicators of inflammators-infective stress, such as the positive proteins of acute phase (aptoglobins and ceruloplasmin) and the negative ones (albumins and cholesterol) are some of the best physiological indicators capable of validating the determination of animal welfare. On the contrary, the contemporary utilisation of different biochemical-physiological indicators could give more comprehensive determination of animal welfare. The latter could be used as “absolute” indicators to obtain more objective indications of the real conditions of breeding animals' welfare, therefore, being a valid “reference” for field models. These kind of analysis can give useful theorical indication to validate the welfare (above all considering the global view of it), and also in practical applications capable of defining the relative scores aggregating several aspects of welfare in field models. Also cortisol and fructosamine are very important physiological indicators. Particularly, the results obtained by this multivariate approach, which was applied to biochemical and physiological parameters, showed partial agreement between the welfare evaluation by SDIB model.
CARE', SARA. « RICERCHE SU TALUNI INDICATORI DI TIPO BIOCHIMICO FISIOLOGICO ATTI A VALIDARE I MODELLI DI VALUTAZIONE DEL BENESSERE NEGLI ALLEVAMENTI DI BOVINE DA LATTE ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/782.
Texte intégralThe objective assessment of lactating dairy cows welfare is complex and controversial. The main concerns are the choice of the model indicators and the aggregation of obtained results in a global score that represents the effective welfare. According to these considerations, the animal welfare determination needs a scientific validation. Our results shows that the value of fructosamine between the third and fifth week in lactation strongly reflects the average blood glucose in the previous weeks, therefore it shows the energetic deficit and the low nutritional status. The determination of chronic stress is also fundamental to determine the animal welfare, it can be measured by the plasmatic cortisolemic value. Some indicators of inflammators-infective stress, such as the positive proteins of acute phase (aptoglobins and ceruloplasmin) and the negative ones (albumins and cholesterol) are some of the best physiological indicators capable of validating the determination of animal welfare. On the contrary, the contemporary utilisation of different biochemical-physiological indicators could give more comprehensive determination of animal welfare. The latter could be used as “absolute” indicators to obtain more objective indications of the real conditions of breeding animals' welfare, therefore, being a valid “reference” for field models. These kind of analysis can give useful theorical indication to validate the welfare (above all considering the global view of it), and also in practical applications capable of defining the relative scores aggregating several aspects of welfare in field models. Also cortisol and fructosamine are very important physiological indicators. Particularly, the results obtained by this multivariate approach, which was applied to biochemical and physiological parameters, showed partial agreement between the welfare evaluation by SDIB model.
Fiore, Enrico. « Risposta del test da carico del glucosio sul profilo metabolico e valutazione isto-patologica di campioni bioptici in bovine da latte nel periodo di transizione ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3423650.
Texte intégralGli obiettivi di questo studio sono di determinare gli effetti del test di tolleranza al carico di glucosio (GTT) sulle concentrazioni dei metaboliti ematici e di indagare sulla gravità e la distribuitione di patologie epatiche (FCL) nel periodo del periparto . I profili metabolici sono stati effettuati su campioni di plasma prelevati da 40 vacche da latte di razza Frisona selezionate da due aziende Zootecniche in regione Veneto. GTT e campionamento ematico sono stati effettuati 7±5 giorni prima e 7±5 giorni dopo il parto . Il glucosio è stato somministrato per via endovenosa in una soluzione al 50% alla dose di 0,25 g/Kg. I campioni di sangue sono stati raccolti prima (T0) e dopo l'inizio della prova in tempi diversi (T2, T5, T10, T15, T20, T30, T40, T60, T80, T100, T120, T140, T160). Beta-idrossibutirrato (BHB), Acidi Grassi non Esterificati (NEFA), glucosio (Glu), Insulina (Ins), aspartato aminotransferasi (AST-GOT) , alanina transaminasi (ALT-GTP) , proteine totali (TP), globuline (Gb), albumine (Alb) e Urea sono state analizzate. Esami istologici al microscopio ottico e le classificazioni dei campioni sono state fatte in base alla gravità della FCL e infiltrazioni infiammatorie. I dati raccolti sono stati analizzati statisticamente mediante l'analisi della varianza (ANOVA), utilizzando SIGMA STAT 3.7 per valutare l'effetto in funzione del periodo (pre-parto e post-partum), azienda (Azienda A e Azienda B), profilo ematico e parametri clinici e produttivi. I coefficienti di Pearson sono stati calcolati anche tra i dati produttivi e, infine, l'AUC (area sotto la curva) di glucosio, insulina, NEFA e BHB sono stati calcolati. Il risultato attesta che gli animali nel periodo post-partum mostrano resistenza all'insulina che causa una riduzione dei livelli glicemici e insulinemici (p <0,005), con un conseguente aumento dei livelli di NEFA e BHB (P <0,05); questo meccanismo permette di glucosio libero (aumento energia disponibile) per la ghiandola mammaria durante l'allattamento. Inoltre, tutte le vacche avevano lieve o moderato grado FCL. I risultati mostrano correlazioni tra infiltrazione lipidica e infiammatoria di epatociti in preparto e livelli di NEFA e AST elevati in post-partum(P<0,05). L’ attività dei NEFA e AST (GOT) sono aumentati dal preparto al periodo post-partum. Alti livelli di TP e Gb sono presenti in entrambi i periodi. Questi dati suggeriscono differenze statisticamente significative (P <0,05) tra BHB, NEFA, AST e ALT e periodo. NEFA e AST sono parametri di valore diagnostico, anche se quest’ultimo non è un enzima specifico del fegato. Infine, è stato anche dimostrato che esiste una correlazione tra i parametri ematici nel pre-parto e le patologie dei primi giorni di lattazione, squilibri nel metabolismo energetico durante la pre-parto predispongono allo sviluppo della malattia clinica
BAKUDILA, MBUTA ANSELME. « Trattamenti atti a modulare la risposta infiammatoria della bovina da latte nel periparto per migliorare le condizioni di benessere e le performance ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/272.
Texte intégralThe transition period in dairy cows is characterized by inflammatory processes, which can contribute to the of their increased susceptibility to periparturient diseases, health disorders and lowered performance. During that phase, dairy cows show metabolic and physiological changes characterized by the rise of positive acute phase proteins (i.e. haptoglobin) and some specific metabolite (i.e. ROS), besides a reduction of negative acute phase proteins (i.e albumin, lipoproteins, PON, etc.). The aim in this study was the attempt to reduce and/or to prevent inflammations, with specific treatment: an antinflammatory cytokine (interferon-alfa) before calving about 1000 UI/Kg/day (1st trial), 0.5 UI/Kg (2st trial) per os, an antibiotic parenterally (tylosin) 10 days before calving and a conventional antinflammatory drug (acetylsalicylic acid), about 30 g/day orally before and after calving. Interferon- increased inflammatory response maybe due to a high-dose, because the cytokine (whom activity site is oral cavity) showed to be persistent in the rumen and renewed the cytokine effect with rumination. The use of an antibiotic (tylosin) did not change the inflammatory status of the dairy cows. The oral administration of Acetylsalicylic acid has otherwise reduced the inflammatory effect and improved the performance of treated dairy cows.
BAKUDILA, MBUTA ANSELME. « Trattamenti atti a modulare la risposta infiammatoria della bovina da latte nel periparto per migliorare le condizioni di benessere e le performance ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/272.
Texte intégralThe transition period in dairy cows is characterized by inflammatory processes, which can contribute to the of their increased susceptibility to periparturient diseases, health disorders and lowered performance. During that phase, dairy cows show metabolic and physiological changes characterized by the rise of positive acute phase proteins (i.e. haptoglobin) and some specific metabolite (i.e. ROS), besides a reduction of negative acute phase proteins (i.e albumin, lipoproteins, PON, etc.). The aim in this study was the attempt to reduce and/or to prevent inflammations, with specific treatment: an antinflammatory cytokine (interferon-alfa) before calving about 1000 UI/Kg/day (1st trial), 0.5 UI/Kg (2st trial) per os, an antibiotic parenterally (tylosin) 10 days before calving and a conventional antinflammatory drug (acetylsalicylic acid), about 30 g/day orally before and after calving. Interferon- increased inflammatory response maybe due to a high-dose, because the cytokine (whom activity site is oral cavity) showed to be persistent in the rumen and renewed the cytokine effect with rumination. The use of an antibiotic (tylosin) did not change the inflammatory status of the dairy cows. The oral administration of Acetylsalicylic acid has otherwise reduced the inflammatory effect and improved the performance of treated dairy cows.
Visentin, Giulio. « Genetic and nongenetic variation of milk processing characteristics in Irish and Italian dairy cattle ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3427153.
Texte intégralLe qualità tecnologiche del latte descrivono l’attitudine di questa materia prima ad essere trasformata in prodotti lattiero-caseari. Il latte destinato alla produzione di formaggio dovrebbe coagulare in tempi relativamente brevi e generare un coagulo consistente; in quest’ambito la coagulazione del latte è favorita da valori bassi di pH ed alta acidità titolabile, micelle caseiniche piccole e alto contenuto di minerali come Ca, P e Mg. Micelle caseiniche piccole, valori di pH alti e un basso contenuto di Ca2+ favoriscono la stabilità del latte a trattamenti termici, una caratteristica fondamentale per la produzione di latte in polvere. La determinazione delle caratteristiche tecnologiche del latte è un aspetto rilevante nell’industria lattiero-casearia al fine di definire in maniera più efficiente la destinazione e l’utilizzo dello stesso durante la trasformazione. Gli obiettivi generali della presente tesi sono: i) sviluppare modelli di predizione utilizzando la spettroscopia nel medio-infrarosso (MIRS) per la determinazione routinaria di caratteri tecnologici del latte; ii) studiare l’effetto di stadio di lattazione, ordine di parto, razza, eterosi e ricombinazione su un elevato numero di fenotipi predetti; iii) stimare le componenti di (co)varianza degli aspetti tecnologici del latte al fine di verificare la possibilità di migliorarli geneticamente. È stata valutata l’efficacia del MIRS quale tecnica rapida e relativamente economica per predire il tempo di coagulazione, il tempo di rassodamento e la consistenza del coagulo a 30 e 60 minuti dall’aggiunta del caglio (proprietà coagulative del latte), la stabilità al calore, la dimensione delle micelle caseiniche, il pH e i minerali (Ca, K, Mg, Na e P). La proporzione di varianza spiegata dai modelli di predizione in validazione esterna varia dal 13% per la dimensione delle micelle caseiniche a circa il 70% per i minerali (con l’eccezione di Na e pH). I fattori associati alla variazione fenotipica delle predizioni MIRS delle proprietà coagulative del latte, della stabilità al calore, della dimensione delle micelle caseiniche, del pH e del contenuto di minerali sono stati valutati utilizzando dataset di spettri di popolazione. Le proprietà coagulative del latte sono più favorevoli (breve tempo di coagulazione e elevata consistenza del coagulo) per la produzione di formaggio all’inizio della lattazione, contestualmente a valori bassi di pH e della dimensione delle micelle caseiniche, e ad alte concentrazioni di minerali; la stabilità risulta più elevata a metà lattazione. Il latte prodotto da bovine primipare è maggiormente adatto alla produzione sia di formaggio sia di latte in polvere. Soggetti di razza Pezzata Rossa producono un latte con i più alti contenuti di Ca e Na, mentre il latte di Frisona ha i valori più bassi di P. Infine, sono stati determinati i parametri genetici per i caratteri tecnologici menzionati in precedenza. Le stime di ereditabilità variano da 0.16 (stabilità al calore) a 0.54 (Ca). Le correlazioni genetiche entro carattere sono inferiori a 0.40 solamente ad inizio e fine lattazione. In media, più dell’80% della varianza genetico-additiva risulta associata con l’altezza del profilo di lattazione di tutti i caratteri studiati. In generale, i caratteri tecnologici del latte sono correlati antagonisticamente con la produzione di latte. Alla luce dei risultati si ritiene opportuna una concreta applicazione di tali caratteri negli attuali programmi di miglioramento genetico.
DA, DALT L. « Caratterizzazione delle AOPP (Advanced Oxidation Protein Products) come indicatori di stress ossidativo e processi infiammatori nella bovina ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3427417.
Texte intégralLo scopo del presente studio è stato quello di caratterizzare indicatori dell’ossidazione delle proteine nella specie bovina, sviluppando la metodica del dosaggio delle AOPP (advanced oxidation protein products). A partire da standard proteici commerciali (Albumina bovina e g-Globuline bovine) sono state eseguite delle ossidazioni in vitro con ossidante clorurato (acido ipocloroso) ed idroperossido (Cumene idroperossido) determinando la relazione tra AOPP e gruppi carbonilici tramite analisi spettrofotometriche e densitometriche tramite Western blotting. Le modificazioni conformazionali degli standard sono state osservate mediante elettroforesi monodimensionali mantenute in condizioni non riducenti. La seconda parte del progetto sono state studiate le relazioni tra indicatori del processo infiammatorio e le AOPP in animali sani e/o con processi infiammatori in atto, avvalorando l’ipotesi che le AOPP siano degli indicatori specifici dell’ossidazione proteica da parte di ossidanti clorurati di origine neutrofilica. La terza parte del lavoro si è focalizzata sulla produzione di standard proteici ossidati (AOPP-BSA) per la messa a punto di sistemi ELISA per l’individuazione di autoanticorpi diretti contro epitopi ossidati delle proteine.
SEGNALINI, MARIA. « Caratterizzazione del bacino del Mediterraneo in funzione dell'indice bioclimatico "Temperature Humidity Index" (THI) e relazioni tra THI e mortalità nella bovina da latte ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1305.
Texte intégralWeather and climate strongly influence the field of animal production. Heat stress causes a significant reduction in metabolic activity, production, reproductive capacity, and increases susceptibility to diseases. In the biological context, the air temperature is definitely considered the main factor of stress, however, high humidity worsens the effect of temperature by reducing the evaporation heat loss and thus preventing the removal of excess heat. The main purposes of the research were the characterization of the Mediterranean basin in terms of Temperature Humidity Index (THI) and to establish relationships between season/THI and mortality in dairy cattle bred in an Italian geographic area with a high concentration of dairy farms. THI variability and scenarios should be taken into careful consideration by farmers and policy makers operating in Mediterranean countries when planning investments. Investments should at least partially be directed to implementation of adaptation measures, which may support farmers in the transition to climate-smart agriculture and help them to alleviate the impact of hot extremes on animal welfare, performance and health. In addition, measures should be developed appropriate adaptation to the specific contexts in terms of culture, society, or political systems, which can contribute to environmental sustainability and economic development and fighting poverty.
SEGNALINI, MARIA. « Caratterizzazione del bacino del Mediterraneo in funzione dell'indice bioclimatico "Temperature Humidity Index" (THI) e relazioni tra THI e mortalità nella bovina da latte ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1305.
Texte intégralWeather and climate strongly influence the field of animal production. Heat stress causes a significant reduction in metabolic activity, production, reproductive capacity, and increases susceptibility to diseases. In the biological context, the air temperature is definitely considered the main factor of stress, however, high humidity worsens the effect of temperature by reducing the evaporation heat loss and thus preventing the removal of excess heat. The main purposes of the research were the characterization of the Mediterranean basin in terms of Temperature Humidity Index (THI) and to establish relationships between season/THI and mortality in dairy cattle bred in an Italian geographic area with a high concentration of dairy farms. THI variability and scenarios should be taken into careful consideration by farmers and policy makers operating in Mediterranean countries when planning investments. Investments should at least partially be directed to implementation of adaptation measures, which may support farmers in the transition to climate-smart agriculture and help them to alleviate the impact of hot extremes on animal welfare, performance and health. In addition, measures should be developed appropriate adaptation to the specific contexts in terms of culture, society, or political systems, which can contribute to environmental sustainability and economic development and fighting poverty.
GUBBIOTTI, ALESSANDRA. « Ricerche sulle conseguenze degli stati infiammatori nel periparto. Effetti a livello dell'ingestione di alimenti, delle riserve corporee, della produzione quanti-qualitativa di latte e dell'efficienza alimentare ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/271.
Texte intégralThe extensive literature on transition period of the cows suggests the growing frequency of negative relationship between health problems and performance. Many evidences confirm during the first month of lactation, the presence of a particular condition named “stress disease”, which is not always associated to clinical symptoms but has the same consequences: the inflammatory processes. The principal objective of this study was to better characterize the inflammatory processes with particular attention to: 1) cause of the changes in inflammatory response to a bacterial infection and its relationship with the milk production, 2) consequences of the inflammatory processes on feed intake, body reserves, quantity and quality of milk production and then on feed efficiency. relatively to the first, we have observed a different intensity of the inflammatory response (in bovine submitted at the same infection), and this response seems correlated to previous inflammatory processes, probably not resolved; moreover, the higher intensity in the inflammations response can be responsible of the milk production decline. The consequences on feed efficiency have been studied through the comparison between two groups of cows characterized by higher (up-lfi) or low (lo-lfi) values of the liver functionality index; from that was demonstrated that during the first month of lactation, the cows with low lfi had lower efficiency values, probably caused increased charge of the immunitary system and prolonged beyond the inflammatory status itself.
GUBBIOTTI, ALESSANDRA. « Ricerche sulle conseguenze degli stati infiammatori nel periparto. Effetti a livello dell'ingestione di alimenti, delle riserve corporee, della produzione quanti-qualitativa di latte e dell'efficienza alimentare ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/271.
Texte intégralThe extensive literature on transition period of the cows suggests the growing frequency of negative relationship between health problems and performance. Many evidences confirm during the first month of lactation, the presence of a particular condition named “stress disease”, which is not always associated to clinical symptoms but has the same consequences: the inflammatory processes. The principal objective of this study was to better characterize the inflammatory processes with particular attention to: 1) cause of the changes in inflammatory response to a bacterial infection and its relationship with the milk production, 2) consequences of the inflammatory processes on feed intake, body reserves, quantity and quality of milk production and then on feed efficiency. relatively to the first, we have observed a different intensity of the inflammatory response (in bovine submitted at the same infection), and this response seems correlated to previous inflammatory processes, probably not resolved; moreover, the higher intensity in the inflammations response can be responsible of the milk production decline. The consequences on feed efficiency have been studied through the comparison between two groups of cows characterized by higher (up-lfi) or low (lo-lfi) values of the liver functionality index; from that was demonstrated that during the first month of lactation, the cows with low lfi had lower efficiency values, probably caused increased charge of the immunitary system and prolonged beyond the inflammatory status itself.
Bisaglia, C. « AUTOMAZIONE DELLA PREPARAZIONE E DISTRIBUZIONE DI RAZIONI COMPLETAMENTE MISCELATE (TMR) O UNIFEED PER BOVINE DA LATTE : POSSIBILITA' TECNOLOGICHE E RICADUTE PRODUTTIVE, GESTIONALI ED ECONOMICHE ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/217573.
Texte intégralDE, MATTEIS LUISA. « Studio dei processi infiammatori nel periodo di transizione e dopo LPS "Challenge" in bovine sottoposte a diversi stressmetabolici ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1311.
Texte intégralInflammation is the innate, non-specific response of the host to disturbances in his homeostasis caused by infection, tissue injury, stress, trauma, neoplastic growth, immunological disorders. It involves pro- (e.g. cytokines) and anti-inflammatory mediators (e.g. lipoxins, some cytokines). The pro-inflammatory cytokines induce inflammatory effects (e.g. anorexia, fever) and play key roles in the stimulation of acute phase response (APR). The lipoxins and anti-inflammatory cytokines tend to mitigate the inflammation. Two were the aims of this research: to investigate in dairy cows the severity of APR at calving time as well as after intramammary lypopolysaccharide (LPS) administration in cows challenged with hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemic (HypoG, n=4), hyperinsulinemic euglycemic (EuG, n=5), hyperketonemic (BHB, n=4) and control (NaCl, n=6) clamps. Plasma samples were assayed for a wide metabolic and inflammatory profile. With respect to HypoG and NaCl animals, more severe APR was observed in EuG and BHB. A further aim was the proposal of an Index, composed by several acute phase proteins, to estimate Inflammatory Processes and Hepatic Consequences (IPHC). The dairy cows with lower IPHC after calving, had higher plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and of lipoxins before calving (and showed a stronger APR after calving); this was seen also in absence of clinical symptoms.
DE, MATTEIS LUISA. « Studio dei processi infiammatori nel periodo di transizione e dopo LPS "Challenge" in bovine sottoposte a diversi stressmetabolici ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1311.
Texte intégralInflammation is the innate, non-specific response of the host to disturbances in his homeostasis caused by infection, tissue injury, stress, trauma, neoplastic growth, immunological disorders. It involves pro- (e.g. cytokines) and anti-inflammatory mediators (e.g. lipoxins, some cytokines). The pro-inflammatory cytokines induce inflammatory effects (e.g. anorexia, fever) and play key roles in the stimulation of acute phase response (APR). The lipoxins and anti-inflammatory cytokines tend to mitigate the inflammation. Two were the aims of this research: to investigate in dairy cows the severity of APR at calving time as well as after intramammary lypopolysaccharide (LPS) administration in cows challenged with hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemic (HypoG, n=4), hyperinsulinemic euglycemic (EuG, n=5), hyperketonemic (BHB, n=4) and control (NaCl, n=6) clamps. Plasma samples were assayed for a wide metabolic and inflammatory profile. With respect to HypoG and NaCl animals, more severe APR was observed in EuG and BHB. A further aim was the proposal of an Index, composed by several acute phase proteins, to estimate Inflammatory Processes and Hepatic Consequences (IPHC). The dairy cows with lower IPHC after calving, had higher plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and of lipoxins before calving (and showed a stronger APR after calving); this was seen also in absence of clinical symptoms.
MINUTI, ANDREA. « Studio dei processi digestivi nei ruminanti e negli erbivori monogastrici in relazione ai rischi di turbe digestive e ad anomalie degli indici ematici di stati infiammatori ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/270.
Texte intégralThree experiments were carried out to study the metabolic and productive effects of some changes of the digestive functionality. In the first experiment, the degree of ruminal acidosis was controlled on dairy cows from commercial farms: the low observed ph values were indices of risks but not so low to have serious adverse effects at digestive-metabolic level. However in these circumstances, the lower ph would be especially indices of a greater feed intake, in turn favoured by a better general animal health. In the second experiment, the application of acute stress to lactating cows showed digesta rumen passage rate of digesta, especially in late lactation, confirming the possibility that the acute stress could be a risk factor for digestive abnormalities. In the third one, on the large intestine functionality of rabbits exposed to diets with different levels of starch, some slightly better performances were obtained with the diet richer in digestible fibre. Though main digestive traits were unaffected by treatments, some blood parameters, particularly those linked to the oxidative status, revealed a more favourable metabolic situation associated with the use of less starchy diets. Hence, alteration of the fermentative processes may impair animal production and/or the animal health conditions. For a better interpretation of the parameters of the digestive system functionality the support of some specific blood parameters appears useful.
MINUTI, ANDREA. « Studio dei processi digestivi nei ruminanti e negli erbivori monogastrici in relazione ai rischi di turbe digestive e ad anomalie degli indici ematici di stati infiammatori ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/270.
Texte intégralThree experiments were carried out to study the metabolic and productive effects of some changes of the digestive functionality. In the first experiment, the degree of ruminal acidosis was controlled on dairy cows from commercial farms: the low observed ph values were indices of risks but not so low to have serious adverse effects at digestive-metabolic level. However in these circumstances, the lower ph would be especially indices of a greater feed intake, in turn favoured by a better general animal health. In the second experiment, the application of acute stress to lactating cows showed digesta rumen passage rate of digesta, especially in late lactation, confirming the possibility that the acute stress could be a risk factor for digestive abnormalities. In the third one, on the large intestine functionality of rabbits exposed to diets with different levels of starch, some slightly better performances were obtained with the diet richer in digestible fibre. Though main digestive traits were unaffected by treatments, some blood parameters, particularly those linked to the oxidative status, revealed a more favourable metabolic situation associated with the use of less starchy diets. Hence, alteration of the fermentative processes may impair animal production and/or the animal health conditions. For a better interpretation of the parameters of the digestive system functionality the support of some specific blood parameters appears useful.
GROSSI, PAOLO. « Il periodo di transizione della bovina da latte e l'infiammazione : un nuovo indice per valutare la risposta individuale, trattamenti pre-parto finalizzati alla sua riduzione e conseguenze sulle prestazioni produttive e riproduttive ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1309.
Texte intégralThe peripartum period is the most critical stage of the dairy cows. The sudden and major changes in metabolism and life conditions may favor the onset of health problems together with an inflammatory status. An excessive response by the organism to inflammation may subtract primary resources, resulting in a worsening of health status and in a lower milk yield. In the first part of the thesis a new index based on some plasma parameters is proposed to better describe the response to inflammation in the post-calving of dairy cows. An early identification of the animals characterized by a severe response to inflammation, especially without any external symptom, allows an effective intervention in order to avoid further negative consequences. The second and the third part of the thesis describe two experiments aiming to reduce the response to inflammation using ω-3 fatty acids and/or acetylsalicylic acid. The administration of ω-3 fatty acids around calving reduced the inflammatory response and improved the energy balance, while their pre-calving only administration highlighted some slight improvements in inflammatory response and energy balance. The pre-calving administration of acetylsalicylic acid caused the onset of some problems and should be used only after calving.
GROSSI, PAOLO. « Il periodo di transizione della bovina da latte e l'infiammazione : un nuovo indice per valutare la risposta individuale, trattamenti pre-parto finalizzati alla sua riduzione e conseguenze sulle prestazioni produttive e riproduttive ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1309.
Texte intégralThe peripartum period is the most critical stage of the dairy cows. The sudden and major changes in metabolism and life conditions may favor the onset of health problems together with an inflammatory status. An excessive response by the organism to inflammation may subtract primary resources, resulting in a worsening of health status and in a lower milk yield. In the first part of the thesis a new index based on some plasma parameters is proposed to better describe the response to inflammation in the post-calving of dairy cows. An early identification of the animals characterized by a severe response to inflammation, especially without any external symptom, allows an effective intervention in order to avoid further negative consequences. The second and the third part of the thesis describe two experiments aiming to reduce the response to inflammation using ω-3 fatty acids and/or acetylsalicylic acid. The administration of ω-3 fatty acids around calving reduced the inflammatory response and improved the energy balance, while their pre-calving only administration highlighted some slight improvements in inflammatory response and energy balance. The pre-calving administration of acetylsalicylic acid caused the onset of some problems and should be used only after calving.
Moretti, Riccardo. « Predictive modelling for dairy cow welfare assessment ». Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1121250.
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