Articles de revues : « Bottleneck theory »

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Lei, Qi, et Tong Li. « Identification approach for bottleneck clusters in a job shop based on theory of constraints and sensitivity analysis ». Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B : Journal of Engineering Manufacture 231, n^o 6 (1 mai 2015) : 1091–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405415583884.

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Manufacturing systems are constrained by one or more bottlenecks. Reducing bottlenecks improves the entire system. Finding bottlenecks, however, is a difficult task. In this study, a new bottleneck detection method based on theory of constrains and sensitivity analysis is presented to overcome the disadvantages of existing bottleneck identification methods for a job shop. First, a bottleneck index matrix is obtained by examining the sensitivity of system production performance to the capacity of each machine. Technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution is then employed to calculate the comprehensive bottleneck index of each machine. Based on the calculation result, bottleneck machine clusters under different hierarchies are obtained through hierarchical cluster analysis. The designed identification approach, as a prior-to-run method, can identify bottleneck machine clusters under different hierarchies before the overall system circulation, thereby providing good guidance for subsequent production optimization. Finally, a set of job-shop scheduling problem benchmarks with different scales is selected for comparison between the proposed approach and existing approaches, such as, the shifting bottleneck detection method, the bottleneck detection method based on orthogonal experiment, and the bottleneck cluster identification method. By comparison, the proposed approach is proven to be credible and superior.

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Su, Xuan, Jingyu Lu, Chen Chen, Junjie Yu et Weixi Ji. « Dynamic Bottleneck Identification of Manufacturing Resources in Complex Manufacturing System ». Applied Sciences 12, n^o 9 (21 avril 2022) : 4195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12094195.

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Bottleneck identification is of great interest in discrete manufacturing fields, as they limit the system’s throughput. However, the bottlenecks are difficult to accurately identify due to the instability and complexity of discrete manufacturing systems. This paper proposes a dynamic bottleneck identification method (DBI-BS) that is based on effective buffers and fine-grained machine states to identify bottlenecks accurately. First, the complex manufacturing system (CMS) with strong coupling between elements is decoupled into several independent parts under the guidance of the effective buffer theory. Then, the machine activity duration method is improved through further fine-grained division, and the machine states are described by the timing flow model. The method to quantify the degree of bottleneck that restricts the system throughput (TH) is proposed on the basis of the turning point theory, and the one-to-one mapping relationship between the simulated and authentic complex manufacturing systems is also studied. Simulation results show that the DBI-BS can effectively identify dynamic bottlenecks in complex manufacturing processes, and the decoupling of complex systems can effectively improve the accuracy of dynamic bottleneck identification.

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Chakravorty, S. S., et J. Brian Atwater§. « Bottleneck management : theory and practice ». Production Planning & ; Control 17, n^o 5 (juillet 2006) : 441–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09537280600682752.

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Urban, Wieslaw, et Patrycja Rogowska. « Methodology for bottleneck identification in a production system when implementing TOC ». Engineering Management in Production and Services 12, n^o 2 (23 juillet 2020) : 74–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/emj-2020-0012.

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AbstractFor TOC (Theory of Constraints) implementation in a production system, the determination of the system's bottleneck is a crucial step. Effective bottleneck identification allows setting priorities for the improvement of a production system. The article deals with a significant problem for the manufacturing industry related to the location of a bottleneck. The article aims for a detailed analysis of methods for bottleneck identification based on a comprehensive literature review and the design of a generalised methodology for bottleneck identification in the production system. The article uses two research methods, first, the combination of a narrative and scoping literature review, and second, the logical design. Several methods for bottleneck identification are reviewed and compared, finding some being similar, and others giving new insights into the evaluated production system. A methodology for bottleneck identification is proposed. It contains several detailed methods arranged in coherent steps, which are suggested to be followed when aiming for the recognition of a production system's bottleneck. The proposed methodology is expected to be helpful in the practical TOC implementation. The presented methodology for the identification of bottlenecks in a production system is a practical tool for managers and experts dealing with TOC. However, it is still a conceptual proposal that needs to be tested empirically. The proposed methodology for bottleneck identification is an original concept based on the current literature output. It contributes to the production management theory as a practical managerial tool.

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Urban, Wieslaw, et Patrycja Rogowska. « The Case Study of Bottlenecks Identification for Practical Implementation to the Theory of Constraints ». Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering 1, n^o 1 (1 septembre 2018) : 399–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mape-2018-0051.

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Abstract According to the Theory of Constraints by Goldratt system bottlenecks are key to improving productivity and profitability of the entire production system. An important issue in the practical application of this theory is to identify bottlenecks in the system. The aim of this paper is to develop practical steps to identify bottlenecks in the production system characterised by a homogeneous flow. The paper includes a case study which shows six steps that allowing to specify not only the first bottleneck of the system but to develop a comprehensive plan for removing bottlenecks.

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Zhou, Xichuan, Kui Liu, Cong Shi, Haijun Liu et Ji Liu. « Optimizing Information Theory Based Bitwise Bottlenecks for Efficient Mixed-Precision Activation Quantization ». Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 35, n^o 4 (18 mai 2021) : 3590–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v35i4.16474.

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Recent researches on information theory shed new light on the continuous attempts to open the black box of neural signal encoding. Inspired by the problem of lossy signal compression for wireless communication, this paper presents a Bitwise Bottleneck approach for quantizing and encoding neural network activations. Based on the rate-distortion theory, the Bitwise Bottleneck attempts to determine the most significant bits in activation representation by assigning and approximating the sparse coefficients associated with different bits. Given the constraint of a limited average code rate, the bottleneck minimizes the distortion for optimal activation quantization in a flexible layer-by-layer manner. Experiments over ImageNet and other datasets show that, by minimizing the quantization distortion of each layer, the neural network with bottlenecks achieves the state-of-the-art accuracy with low-precision activation. Meanwhile, by reducing the code rate, the proposed method can improve the memory and computational efficiency by over six times compared with the deep neural network with standard single-precision representation. The source code is available on GitHub: https://github.com/CQUlearningsystemgroup/BitwiseBottleneck.

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Alzubi, Emad, Anas M. Atieh, Khaleel Abu Shgair, John Damiani, Sima Sunna et Abdallah Madi. « Hybrid Integrations of Value Stream Mapping, Theory of Constraints and Simulation : Application to Wooden Furniture Industry ». Processes 7, n^o 11 (5 novembre 2019) : 816. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7110816.

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This paper studies manufacturing processes in a wooden furniture manufacturing company. The company suffers from long manufacturing lead times and an unbalanced production line. To identify sources of waste and delay value stream mapping (VSM) and a discrete event simulation model is implemented. VSM is used to visualize and analyze the major processes of the company and provide quantifiable KPIs; the manufacturing lead-time and then Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) settings. A discrete event simulation model is then built to analyze the company on a wider scale and provide the data required to identify bottlenecks. Building on the data gathered from the production lines and the simulation model, two-bottleneck detection methods are used, the utilization method, and the waiting time method. Then based on the comparison of the two methods a third bottleneck detection is utilized; the scenario-based method, to identify the primary and secondary bottlenecks. After the bottlenecks are identified, changes are then evaluated using the simulation model and radar charts were built based on the improved simulation model, which evaluates the effect of changes in the utilization and OEE results. This work managed to neutralize the effect of one of the main bottlenecks and minimize the effect of the other. The manufacturing utilization was increased by 15.8% for the main bottleneck resources followed by 2.4% for the second one. However, it is hard to convince the traditional administration of this small size manufacturing plant to adopt a completely revolutionizing, costly, and risky (at such level) lean manufacturing approach. This paper studies and provides a much lower in cost and verified scheme of enhancement.

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LIU, YONGLI, YUANXIN OUYANG et ZHANG XIONG. « INCREMENTAL CLUSTERING USING INFORMATION BOTTLENECK THEORY ». International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 25, n^o 05 (août 2011) : 695–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001411008622.

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Document clustering is one of the most effective techniques to organize documents in an unsupervised manner. In this paper, an Incremental method for document Clustering based on Information Bottleneck theory (ICIB) is presented. The ICIB is designed to improve the accuracy and efficiency of document clustering, and resolve the issue that an arbitrary choice of document similarity measure could produce an inaccurate clustering result. In our approach, document similarity is calculated using information bottleneck theory and documents are grouped incrementally. A first document is selected randomly and classified as one cluster, then each remaining document is processed incrementally according to the mutual information loss introduced by the merger of the document and each existing cluster. If the minimum value of mutual information loss is below a certain threshold, the document will be added to its closest cluster; otherwise it will be classified as a new cluster. The incremental clustering process is low-precision and order-dependent, which cannot guarantee accurate clustering results. Therefore, an improved sequential clustering algorithm (SIB) is proposed to adjust the intermediate clustering results. In order to test the effectiveness of ICIB method, ten independent document subsets are constructed based on the 20NewsGroup and Reuters-21578 corpora. Experimental results show that our ICIB method achieves higher accuracy and time performance than K-Means, AIB and SIB algorithms.

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Buddas, Henrietta. « A bottleneck analysis in the IFRC supply chain ». Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management 4, n^o 2 (7 octobre 2014) : 222–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhlscm-10-2013-0036.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to further the understanding of bottlenecks occurring when preparing for humanitarian operations in the humanitarian supply chain. The focus in this paper is set on the activities of aid supply procurement and aid consolidation into standardised deliveries of humanitarian aid. Design/methodology/approach – The paper follows a qualitative case study and builds a theoretical bottleneck analysis framework, using, e.g. the theory of constraints as an important building block. The case study as such involves the IFRC supply chain. Findings – The findings in the empirical study show that there is a need for long-term planning (practical and strategic planning) of the supply procurement, as well as organisational commitment in order to remove bottlenecks in a humanitarian operation. Research limitations/implications – The research framework built for the case study is applicable in similar future analyses of humanitarian supply chain operations and projects, as well as modifiable to other types of project or operation analyses. Practical implications – This paper gives a wide perspective insight into constraining bottleneck areas as well as areas of improvement in disaster preparedness. Additionally the paper provides an applicable tool for humanitarian practitioners to use for analysing process bottlenecks, to decide on corrective actions. Originality/value – The paper constructs a bottleneck analysis framework, which can be utilised beyond the humanitarian setting. Bottleneck analyses have not previously been conducted within the humanitarian context.

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Nguyen, Thanh Tang, et Jaesik Choi. « Markov Information Bottleneck to Improve Information Flow in Stochastic Neural Networks ». Entropy 21, n^o 10 (6 octobre 2019) : 976. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21100976.

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While rate distortion theory compresses data under a distortion constraint, information bottleneck (IB) generalizes rate distortion theory to learning problems by replacing a distortion constraint with a constraint of relevant information. In this work, we further extend IB to multiple Markov bottlenecks (i.e., latent variables that form a Markov chain), namely Markov information bottleneck (MIB), which particularly fits better in the context of stochastic neural networks (SNNs) than the original IB. We show that Markov bottlenecks cannot simultaneously achieve their information optimality in a non-collapse MIB, and thus devise an optimality compromise. With MIB, we take the novel perspective that each layer of an SNN is a bottleneck whose learning goal is to encode relevant information in a compressed form from the data. The inference from a hidden layer to the output layer is then interpreted as a variational approximation to the layer’s decoding of relevant information in the MIB. As a consequence of this perspective, the maximum likelihood estimate (MLE) principle in the context of SNNs becomes a special case of the variational MIB. We show that, compared to MLE, the variational MIB can encourage better information flow in SNNs in both principle and practice, and empirically improve performance in classification, adversarial robustness, and multi-modal learning in MNIST.

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Shen, Ren Jie, Qing Gang Jia, Yan Yan Liang et Jing Zhang. « Identify the Bottleneck of Water Network by Using Graph Theory ». Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (janvier 2012) : 4794–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.4794.

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Water system integration which aims on the bottleneck of the water network is the only effective method. Therefore, it is essential and significant to study the bottleneck identification of water networks. In this paper, the definition and fundamental characteristics of the bottleneck about flow rate in water network are given. The graph theory was engaged to identify the bottleneck of water network. A case study is used to show the method.

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Rianti, Hera, Laila Nafisah et Eko Nursubiyantoro. « PENDEKATAN THEORY OF CONSTRAINTS (TOC) PENJADWALAN FLOW SHOP PADA SISTEM PRODUKSI MAKE TO ORDER ». OPSI 12, n^o 1 (17 juin 2019) : 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31315/opsi.v12i1.2830.

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CV Putra Kilau Lampuan adalah erusahaan percetakan yang memproduksi buku, majalah, packaging, dan undangan. Sistem produksi yang diterapkan berbasis Make To Order (MTO) dengan pola aliran proses produksi bersifat flow shop. Perusahaan dihadapkan pada kendala banyaknya Work In Process (WIP) dengan kapasitas stasiun kerja yang terbatas, sehingga dapat menghambat aliran produksi dan waktu penyelesaian menjadi besar. Penelitian menggunakan metode penjadwalan drum buffer rope dengan konsep pendekatan Theory of Constraints (TOC) yang berfokus kepada pemanfaatan stasiun kerja bottleneck. Penjadwalan dimulai dari stasiun kerja bottleneck, kemudian baru dilakukan pada stasiun kerja non bottleneck. Penjadwalan pada stasiun kerja non bottleneck sebelum stasiun kerja bottleneck dilakukan secara backward, sedangkan stasiun kerja non bottleneck setelah stasiun kerja bottleneck dilakukan secara forward. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu diperoleh stasiun kerja penyusunan kertas isi (SK 10) terjadi bottleneck. Penjadwalan produksi berdasarkan stasiun kerja bottleneck menghasilkan urutan order dari stasiun kerja 1 sampai stasiun kerja 13 dengan makespan sebesar 26,215 hari. Makespan tersebut lebih singkat dibandingkan dengan makespan perusahaan yang besarnya 30,041 hari.

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Li, Junjie, et Ding Liu. « Information Bottleneck Theory on Convolutional Neural Networks ». Neural Processing Letters 53, n^o 2 (18 février 2021) : 1385–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11063-021-10445-6.

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Mondal, Shyamal Kumar, Debapriya Dey Sarkar et KAJLA BASU. « Uncertain Bottleneck Assignment Problem Using Credibility Theory ». International Journal of Mathematics in Operational Research 1, n^o 1 (2022) : 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmor.2022.10052534.

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Wang, Tian Yong, Ge Gao, Yu Lei Wang et Qian Qian Wang. « Research on Bottleneck of Emergency Logistics Capability Based on Emergency Logistics Network ». Advanced Materials Research 711 (juin 2013) : 753–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.711.753.

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Based on the emergency logistics network, the research calculate the logistics capability of each node and the line in the network .Then the research find out the bottlenecks link in emergency logistics network according to theory of constraints .At last, the research improve the capability of bottleneck link to improve the ability of the whole emergency logistics network rapidly.

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Rahmawati, Desy, Puryani Puryani et Eko Nursubiyantoro. « OPTIMALISASI KAPASITAS STASIUN KERJA DENGAN PENERAPAN THEORY OF CONSTRAINTS (TOC) ». OPSI 12, n^o 1 (17 juin 2019) : 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31315/opsi.v12i1.2828.

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CV Tunas Jaya Abadi adalah perusahaan yang memproduksi kotak makan (wooden lunch box) berbahan baku kayu sengon laut (albasia). Produk yang dihasilkan berukuran 165 x 118 x 1,7 mm dan 193 x 118 x 1,7 mm. Proses produksi yang dilakukan adalah make to order repetitif. CV Tunas Jaya Abadi memiliki permasalahan dengan kapasitas produksi yang menyebabkan pesanan tidak terpenuhi. Lantai produksi terdapat stasiun kerja bottleneck pada stasiun kerja sanding/penghalusan. Penumpukan tersebut terjadi karena perbedaan waktu standar dan kapasitas maksimum pada stasiun kerja sebelumnya. Penelitian ini digunakan metode Theory of Constraints (TOC) untuk mengatasi stasiun kerja yang mengalami bottleneck. Perhitungan kapasitas maksimum setiap stasiun kerja didapat hasil bahwa stasiun kerja 7 memiliki kapasitas lebih sedikit dibanding stasiun kerja sebelumnya. Pemecahan masalah bottleneck pada stasiun kerja 7 terdapat dua alternatif solusi, yaitu dengan overtime atau penambahan shift kerja. Setelah dianalisis dari permasalahan yang ada maka untuk mengatasi bottleneck pada stasiun kerja 7 dilakukan penambahan shift kerja dari 1 shift menjadi 3 shift kerja. Hasil dari penambahan shift kerja ini tidak terjadi bottleneck pada stasiun kerja 7.

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Napitupulu, Humala, Meilita T. Sembiring et Nurul Asmah Hidayah. « PERENCANAAN DAN PENJADWALAN PRODUKSI GREEN TEA DENGAN PENDEKATAN THEORY OF CONSTRAINT PADA PT. XYZ ». Jurnal Sistem Teknik Industri 18, n^o 1 (13 août 2018) : 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jsti.v18i1.340.

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Perencanaan produksi dalam proses produksi manufaktur merupakan salah satu bagian dari sistemproduksi. Perencanaan produksi menentukan pengukuran kemampuan perusahaan dalam penyediaan produk.Pengaturan perencanaan produksi yang tidak baik akan menyebabkan terjadinya penumpukan (bottleneck).Bottleneck stasiun kerja mengakibatkan perusahaan tidak mampu memenuhi permintaan. PT. XYZ adalahsebuah perusahaan manufaktur dalam bidang produksi green tea yang mengalami masalah tidak mampumemenuhi permintaan akibat adanya bottleneck pada salah satu stasiun. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari jumlahproduksi green tea lebih kecil dari jumlah permintaan produk green tea. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmenghasilkan penjadwalan produksi green tea dengan menggunakan pendekatan theory of constraint (TOC)untuk menghilangkan kendala (constraint) yang menghambat aliran produksi. Metode penjadwalan denganprinsip-prinsip dasar theory of constraint (TOC) adalah sistem penjadwalan drum buffer rope (DBR) denganmenggunkan time buffer, dimana stasiun kerja yang mengalami bottleneck diperbaiki sehingga menjadi stasiunkerja non bottleneck. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa stasiun kerja IV merupakan stasiun kerjabottleneck. Penyebab bottleneck pada stasiun kerja IV adalah kurangnya kapasitas tersedia (CA).

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Chen, Chen, Chiu Liu et Zhongren Wang. « New approach to determine number of lanes on freeway upgrades ». Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 35, n^o 10 (octobre 2008) : 1033–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l08-048.

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A slow-moving heavy vehicle can substantially reduce traffic flow because the vehicle acts as a moving bottleneck. In particular, the bottleneck can be initiated on a long uphill freeway section where heavy trucks gain little acceleration and propagate upstream when the percentage of loaded trucks in the traffic is high. This paper finds an interesting relation between the bottlenecks and some physical factors including heavy vehicle characteristics, road geometry, traffic flow theory, and percentage of trucks in traffic. According to this relation, the paper provides two dimensionless physical parameters to characterize the formation and propagation of the queues initiated by loaded trucks on uniform upgrades, respectively. Based on the critical values of these parameters aforementioned, the paper can help transportation engineers to determine that the number of design lanes under the conditions that the growing bottlenecks initiate along upgrade section cannot be resolved by simply using equations and rules suggested in the 2000 edition of the Highway capacity manual.

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JIA, BIN, RUI JIANG et QING-SONG WU. « THE TRAFFIC BOTTLENECK EFFECTS CAUSED BY THE LANE CLOSING IN THE CELLULAR AUTOMATA MODEL ». International Journal of Modern Physics C 14, n^o 10 (décembre 2003) : 1295–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s012918310300542x.

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As a kind of bottleneck, the lane closing has seldomly been investigated with cellular automata model. In this paper, we study this issue using the cellular automata traffic flow model. The capacity and the density distribution of this kind of bottleneck are discussed in details. We find that (i) the capacity of the bottleneck is a little smaller than the maximum flow rate of single-lane road; (ii) different regulations may lead to different density distributions of the vehicles upstream of the lane closing. Moreover, the density inversion phenomenon is reported under certain conditions. This enlightens us to propose that the phenomenon of density inversion reported in many publications may be caused by the bottlenecks on the highway.

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Geiger, Bernhard C., et Gernot Kubin. « Information Bottleneck : Theory and Applications in Deep Learning ». Entropy 22, n^o 12 (14 décembre 2020) : 1408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22121408.

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Du, Xin, Katayoun Farrahi et Mahesan Niranjan. « Information Bottleneck Theory Based Exploration of Cascade Learning ». Entropy 23, n^o 10 (18 octobre 2021) : 1360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23101360.

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In solving challenging pattern recognition problems, deep neural networks have shown excellent performance by forming powerful mappings between inputs and targets, learning representations (features) and making subsequent predictions. A recent tool to help understand how representations are formed is based on observing the dynamics of learning on an information plane using mutual information, linking the input to the representation (I(X;T)) and the representation to the target (I(T;Y)). In this paper, we use an information theoretical approach to understand how Cascade Learning (CL), a method to train deep neural networks layer-by-layer, learns representations, as CL has shown comparable results while saving computation and memory costs. We observe that performance is not linked to information–compression, which differs from observation on End-to-End (E2E) learning. Additionally, CL can inherit information about targets, and gradually specialise extracted features layer-by-layer. We evaluate this effect by proposing an information transition ratio, I(T;Y)/I(X;T), and show that it can serve as a useful heuristic in setting the depth of a neural network that achieves satisfactory accuracy of classification.

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Saxe, Andrew M., Yamini Bansal, Joel Dapello, Madhu Advani, Artemy Kolchinsky, Brendan D. Tracey et David D. Cox. « On the information bottleneck theory of deep learning ». Journal of Statistical Mechanics : Theory and Experiment 2019, n^o 12 (20 décembre 2019) : 124020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/ab3985.

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Liu, Xun, Le Shen et Kun Zhang. « Estimating the Probability Distribution of Construction Project Completion Times Based on Drum-Buffer-Rope Theory ». Applied Sciences 11, n^o 15 (2 août 2021) : 7150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11157150.

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Various factors affecting the construction progress are regarded as bottlenecks giving rise to the project duration overrun. The contractor should combine the project schedule with the plan in order to reduce the uncertainty of the project activities. The present research describes the method derived from the theory of constraints (TOC) attempts to enhance the relationship among activities, to revise and further reduce the uncertainty of construction activities to improve the reliability of project progress. The elements of drum, buffer and rope (DBR) in TOC are added to PERT network schedule; through the identification of schedule in the bottleneck process, the implementation plan of the bottleneck is obtained. By measuring buffer time and calculating network schedule buffer time as well as feeding time, the relationship among activities and uncertainty of duration are also improved. To illustrate the impact of DBR applications on improving project schedule reliability, a case of hydropower station as an example is illustrated to show enhanced reliability of scheduling. As compared to program evaluation and review technique network (PERT) simulation, the simulation results showed that the uncertainty of construction progress could be reduced if the DBR are well cooperated mutually.

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Kerner, Boris S. « Theory of Breakdown Phenomenon at Highway Bottlenecks ». Transportation Research Record : Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1710, n^o 1 (janvier 2000) : 136–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1710-16.

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On the basis of an empirical study of congestion occurring at a freeway bottleneck, it is shown that the congested regime can exist under a large variation of the discharge flow rate downstream of the bottleneck. This variation can be from about 1,600 to 1,700 vehicles/h to 2,600 to 2,700 vehicles/h per lane. A criticism of the application of queuing theories for the description of traffic pattern features is given. An explanation is given of the features of a congested regime on the basis of the recently discovered properties of synchronized flow as a new traffic phase.

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Cao, MS, W. Xu, Z. Su, W. Ostachowicz et N. Xia. « Local coordinate systems-based method to analyze high-order modes of n-step Timoshenko beam ». Journal of Vibration and Control 23, n^o 1 (9 août 2016) : 89–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546315573919.

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High-frequency transverse vibration of stepped beams has attracted increasing attention in various industrial areas. For an n-step Timoshenko beam, the governing differential equations of transverse vibration have been well established in the literature on the basis of assembling classic Timoshenko beam equations for uniform beam segments. However, solving the governing differential equation has not been resolved well to date, manifested by a computational bottleneck: only the first k modes ( k ≤ 12) are solvable for i-step ( i ≥ 0) Timoshenko beams. This bottleneck diminishes the completeness of stepped Timoshenko beam theory. To address this problem, this study first reveals the root cause of the bottleneck in solving the governing differential equations for high-order modes, and then creates a sophisticated method, based on local coordinate systems, that can overcome the bottleneck to accomplish high-order mode shapes of an n-step Timoshenko beam. The proposed method uses a set of local coordinate systems in place of the conventional global coordinate system to characterize the transverse vibration of an n-step Timoshenko beam. With the method, the local coordinate systems can simplify the frequency equation for the vibration of an n-step Timoshenko beam, making it possible to obtain high-order modes of the beam. The accuracy, capacity, and efficiency of the method based on local coordinate systems in acquiring high-order modes are corroborated using the well-known exact dynamic stiffness method underpinned by the Wittrick-Williams algorithm as a reference. Removal of the bottlenecks in solving the governing differential equations for high-order modes contributes usefully to the completeness of stepped Timoshenko beam theory.

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Jakub�kov�-Studenovsk�, D. « Monounary algebras and bottleneck algebras ». Algebra Universalis 40, n^o 1 (1 octobre 1998) : 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000120050081.

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Erera, Alan L., Tim W. Lawson et Carlos F. Daganzo. « Simple, Generalized Method for Analysis of Traffic Queue Upstream of a Bottleneck ». Transportation Research Record : Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1646, n^o 1 (janvier 1998) : 132–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1646-16.

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An approach is generalized for enhancing a standard input-output diagram to represent graphically the time and distance that vehicles spend in a queue upstream of a bottleneck. The approach requires the construction of a curve depicting the cumulative number of vehicles to have reached the back of the queue as a function of time. The original technique, described in a previous paper, is reviewed for bottlenecks with constant capacity and for those where capacity changes once. The approach is then generalized to allow multiple changes in bottleneck capacity, and the original assumption of a triangular flow-density ( q-k) relation is relaxed to one that is piecewise-linear concave. Although it is consistent with the kinematic wave theory of traffic flow, the proposed approach is simpler to apply to complex problems because it avoids the laborious construction of a time-space diagram. It allows the estimation of several measures required in the evaluation of the impacts of bottlenecks, including the (accurate) number of vehicles in queue and the physical extents of queues at any time and the total time spent by vehicles in different traffic states.

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Ye, Jiancheng, Ka-Cheong Leung et Steven H. Low. « Combating Bufferbloat in Multi-Bottleneck Networks : Theory and Algorithms ». IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking 29, n^o 4 (août 2021) : 1477–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2021.3066505.

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Vincent van, Ginneken. « Multiple ‘Genetic Bottleneck Theory’ of Humans and the House Mouse via Chilling Enzyme ∆12-Desaturase ». Gastroenterology & ; Hepatology International Journal 4, n^o 2 (22 juillet 2019) : 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/ghij-16000156.

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The super Toba volcano eruption in Indonesia around 70,000-75,000 years ago might have reduced the human’s world population to around 10,000 individuals. Such a dramatic scenario is indicated by the term 'genetic bottleneck theory' because the whole human species was on a global scale of nearly extinct. Here we show for modern humans and the common house mouse (strain C57bl6) they both possess a ‘chilling’ enzyme ∆12-desaturase in order to avoid that the body core temperature drops below 35.0 °C (95.0 °F). We postulate the hypothesis that the survivors of the Toba volcano eruption had been selected on their ability to maintain a relatively constant brain- and body core temperature in the face of a notoriously inconstant environmental temperature characterized by extreme adverse cold environmental conditions due to a following ‘Toba glacial winter’. Surviving organisms originating from this event must have been in possession of the chilling enzyme ∆12- desaturase.

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Sun, Guo En, Zai Lin Guan, Lei Yue, Zhi Ming Zheng et Han Lin. « Research on DBR Production Scheduling System Application Based on Simulation ». Advanced Materials Research 889-890 (février 2014) : 1207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.889-890.1207.

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Traditional planning methods ignore the enterprise production capacity,the paper depend on the specific case in enterprise production to build a Production Scheduling System which applies Drum-Buffer-Rope theory. This system proposes the high output, low work in process and on time delivery as the goals, considering the bottleneck resource as well as providing the master production plan with the bottleneck resource, in addition employing the simulation optimization software-Simio to optimize the bottleneck process scheduling and raise the utilization ratio of bottleneck resource.

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Ke, Qiao, Jiangshe Zhang, H. M. Srivastava, Wei Wei et Guang-Sheng Chen. « Independent Component Analysis Based on Information Bottleneck ». Abstract and Applied Analysis 2015 (2015) : 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/386201.

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The paper is mainly used to provide the equivalence of two algorithms of independent component analysis (ICA) based on the information bottleneck (IB). In the viewpoint of information theory, we attempt to explain the two classical algorithms of ICA by information bottleneck. Furthermore, via the numerical experiments with the synthetic data, sonic data, and image, ICA is proved to be an edificatory way to solve BSS successfully relying on the information theory. Finally, two realistic numerical experiments are conducted via FastICA in order to illustrate the efficiency and practicality of the algorithm as well as the drawbacks in the process of the recovery images the mixing images.

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Ramadhan, M. Gifari, et Parwadi Moengin. « PERANCANGAN MODEL SIMULASI LANTAI PRODUKSI PT. ELANGPERDANA TYRE INDUSTRY MENGGUNAKAN METODE THEORY OF CONSTRRAINT UNTUK MEMINIMASI WAKTU PRODUKSI ». JURNAL TEKNIK INDUSTRI 10, n^o 3 (19 décembre 2020) : 283–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/jti.v10i3.8492.

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Intisari— PT. Elangperdana Tyre Industry (PT. EPTI) merupakan salah satu produsen yang bergerak di bidang pembuatan ban mobil. Permasalahan yang dihadapi perusahaan adalah waktu produksi aktual tidak sesuai dan lebih lama dibandingkan dengan target waktu produksi yang ada. Rata-rata waktu produksi aktual sebesar 32 hari sedangkan rata-rata target waktu produksi adalah 30 hari, hal ini disebabkan karena penumpukkan material pada beberapa stasiun kerja. Permasalahan pada lini produksi tersebut menjadi penyebab terhambatnya lini produksi yang mengakibatkan terjadinya bottleneck. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan perbaikan lini produksi yang disebabkan oleh penumpukkan material pada beberapa stasiun kerja tersebut. Objek penelitian yang diteliti pada Tugas Akhir ini adalah lantai produksi PT. Elangperdana Tyre Industry. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk merancang model simulasi lantai produksi PT. Elangperdana Tyre Indusry menggunakan metode Theory of Constraint untuk meminimasi waktu produksi di PT. Elangperdana Tyre Industri. Tahapan awal dalam menganalisis lantai produksi adalah dengan melakukan pengamatan langsung ke lantai produksi dan pembuatan peta aliran proses untuk mengetahui kondisi awal dari lantai produksi. Tahapan berikutnya adalah melakukan perancangan model simulasi lantai produksi awal dan dilakukan verifikasi dan validasi pada model simulasi tersebut. Selanjutnya dilakukan permalan permintaan untuk digunakan sebagai jumlah target produksi pada simulasi usulan. Selanjutnya perbaikan lantai produksi menggunakan metode Theory of Constraint untuk mengetahui pengelompokkan stasiun kerja yang tergolong bottleneck dan tidak bottleneck. Terdapat tiga usulan perbaikan lantai produksi ini yaitu usulan 1 penambahan mesin building, usulan 2 penambahan mesin curing, dan Usulan 3 gabungan Usulan 1 dan Usulan 2. Penambahan mesin dikarenakan stasiun kerja tersebut mengalami bottleneck dan beban kerja berlebih. Setelah dilakukan simulasi maka Usulan 1 memiliki waktu produksi sebesar 653,93 jam, Usulan 2 memiliki waktu produksi sebesar 586,05 jam, dan Usulan 3 memiliki waktu produksi sebesar 549,34 jam dibandingkan dengan waktu simulasi awal yaitu 698,11 Jam.Usulan terpilih adalah usulan 3 karena meminimasi waktu produksi sebesar 148,77 jam.Abstract— PT. Elangperdana Tire Industry (PT. EPTI) is one of the manufacturers engaged in the manufacture of car tires. The problem faced by the company is the actual production time is not suitable and longer than the existing production time target. The average actual production time is 32 days while the average production time target is 30 days, this is due to the accumulation of material at several work stations. Problems in the production line are the cause of the production line obstruction which results in bottlenecks. In this study, improvements were made to the production line caused by the accumulation of material at some of these work stations. The object of research examined in this Final Project is the production floor of PT. Elangperdana Tire Industry. The purpose of this study was to design a production floor simulation model of PT. Elangperdana Tire Indusry uses the Theory of Constraint method to minimize production time at PT. Elangperdana Tire Industry. The initial stage in analyzing the production floor is by making direct observations to the production floor and making a process flow map to determine the initial conditions of the production floor. The next stage is to design the initial production floor simulation model and verify and validate the simulation model. Then the demand request is used to be used as the number of production targets in the proposed simulation. Furthermore, the improvement of the production floor uses the Theory of Constarint method to determine the classification of work stations classified as bottlenecks and not bottlenecks. There are three proposed improvements to this production floor, namely proposal 1 adding building machines, proposal 2 adding curing machines, and Proposal 3 a combination of Proposed 1 and Proposed 2. Addition of machines because the work station is experiencing bottlenecks and excessive workload. After simulations, Proposal 1 has a production time of 653.93 hours, Proposition 2 has a production time of 586.05 hours, and Proposition 3 has a production time of 549.34 hours compared to the initial simulation time of 698.11 Hours. Selected Proposal is proposal 3 because it minimizes production time by 148.77 hours.

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Lemes Leite Barbosa, Gustavo, Robert Eduardo Cooper Ordoñez, Rosley Anholon et Mauricio Andrés Sanchez. « A manufacturing bottleneck case study trough the theory of constraints and computational simulation of the proposed bottleneck solution ». Brazilian Journal of Operations & ; Production Management 15, n^o 1 (26 janvier 2018) : 54–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.14488/bjopm.2018.v15.n1.a6.

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In 2016, the Brazilian pet industry had revenue of R$ 18.9 billion and ranked third place worldwide. Thus, it is a sector that is always looking for enhancements in its productivity levels. Based on the previous statements, a case study was conducted in a selected company of the pet care business, with the goal to augment its monthly revenue, identify the bottleneck that impedes reaching this goal, and proposed solutions to bring the production and loading fluxes of merchandise to its optimal state, making the company’s revenue also optimal. The classical tools of the theory of constraints were used in this analysis. The first step was to obtain the undesirable effects of the process to define the bottleneck. After that, some injections were proposed as solutions to eliminate the undesirable effects and bring the production and loading model of the company to its full state. Finally, by means of a computational tool, the current situation of the company (with the bottleneck), and the situation in a virtual state (without the bottleneck) were simulated and compared, showing the potential of the found solution.

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Ahyan, Mifthahul, Eddy Kotto et Uun Novalia Harahap. « Usulan Perbaikan Lintasan Produksi Dengan Menggunakan Metode Theory Of Constraint Dan Metode Moddie Young ». Jurnal VORTEKS 2, n^o 1 (30 avril 2021) : 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.54123/vorteks.v2i1.36.

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PT. XYZ merupakan salah satu perusahaan manufaktur yang bergerak di bidang vulkanisir ban di Sumatera Utara. Pada kondisi aktual, terjadi antrean pada lantai produksi dikarenakan penumpukan barang yang diproses pada beberapa stasiun kerja atau sering disebut bottleneck. Hal ini dinilai mengakibatkan throughput pada perusahaan dalam proses yang tidak optimal. Oleh karena itu penulis merancang usulan perbaikan dengan menggunakan penjadwalan stasiun kerja berdasarkan stasiun kerja dengan upaya untuk mengeliminasi stasiun kerja bottleneck dan mendapatkan keseimbangan lintasan pada lantai produksi. Penjadwalan tersebut hanya dapat mengurangi jumlah stasiun kerja bottleneck sehingga dilakukan penyusunan stasiun kerja berdasarkan kriteria line balancing. Dalam penelitian ini, metode yang dipakai adalah Theory of Constraint (TOC) dan metode Moodie Young yang dapat menyelesaikan masalah yang ada sehingga waktu produksi lebih efisien. Perbaikan dilakukan adalah penjadwalan stasiun kerja dengan bottleneck yang menjadi kendala yaitu pada stasiun kerja skiving, cementing, repairing, envolving dan finishing, sehingga diperoleh 7 stasiun kerja dengan nilai smoothing index 709,43 dan efisiensi lintasan 75,44%. Perbaikan dengan metode Moodie Young terdiri dari dua fase yaitu membuat pengelompokan stasiun kerja dan melakukan redistribusi elemen kerja ke setiap stasiun kerja hasil dari fase satu. Hasil penyeimbangan dengan menggunakan metode Moodie Young diperoleh 8 stasiun kerja dengan nilai smoothing index 917,40 dan efisiensi lintasan 74,70%.

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Li, Z. « INFORMATION THEORY OF CARTOGRAPHY : A FRAMEWORK FOR ENTROPY-BASED CARTOGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION THEORY ». ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B4-2020 (24 août 2020) : 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b4-2020-11-2020.

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Abstract. Map is an effective communication means. It carries and transmits spatial information about spatial objects and phenomena, from map makers to map users. Therefore, cartography can be regarded as a communication system. Efforts has been made on the application of Shannon Information theory developed in digital communication to cartography to establish an information theory of cartography, or simply cartographic information theory (or map information theory). There was a boom during the period from later 1960s to early 1980s. Since later 1980s, researcher have almost given up the dream of establishing the information theory of cartography because they met a bottleneck problem. That is, Shannon entropy is only able to characterize the statistical information of map symbols but not capable of characterizing the spatial configuration (patterns) of map symbols. Fortunately, break-through has been made, i.e. the building of entropy models for metric and thematic information as well as a feasible computational model for Boltzmann entropy. This paper will review the evolutional processes, examine the bottleneck problems and the solutions, and finally propose a framework for the information theory of cartography. It is expected that such a theory will become the most fundamental theory of cartography in the big data era.

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Xu, Fan. « Review and Evaluation on the Sociocultural Theory and Bottleneck Hypothesis ». Review of Educational Theory 3, n^o 4 (4 novembre 2020) : 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.30564/ret.v3i4.2404.

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Over the past three decades, a growing number of different theories in second language acquisition field have come out in an effort to provide explanations as to how language learning takes place, to figure out what variables are effective for second language acquisition as well as to offer guidance to mass second language learners and language teachers. Because behind every teaching approach exists certain kind of theory of language acquisition and good theory in turn can help students master language skills in an effective and efficient way.Each theory is considered to have contributed to the field by highlighting a specific aspect of the language acquisition process. Second language acquisition theories are intrinsically related with various disciplines such as applied linguistics, psychology, education, sociolinguistics, neurology, etc. Considering the impossibility to elaborate all second language theories, I will focus on sociocultural theory and bottleneck hypothesis in second language acquisition. There is an overview which follows the introduction to the Sociocultural Theory and Bottleneck Hypothesis and its contribution to second language acquisition respectively, and then I will evaluate them to see their contributions to the SLA disciplinary development.

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Cechlárová, Katarína. « Eigenvectors in bottleneck algebra ». Linear Algebra and its Applications 175 (octobre 1992) : 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024-3795(92)90302-q.

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Siregar, I. « Application of Theory of Constraints in Bottleneck Work Stations Optimization ». Journal of Physics : Conference Series 1339 (décembre 2019) : 012024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1339/1/012024.

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Shao, Xiufeng, Xiang Zhong, Jingshan Li, Bruce L. Gewertz, Ken Catchpole, Eric J. Ley, Jennifer Blaha et Douglas A. Wiegmann. « Bottleneck Analysis to Reduce Surgical Flow Disruptions : Theory and Application ». IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering 12, n^o 1 (janvier 2015) : 127–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tase.2014.2329833.

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GULSEN, AKMAN, et TAPSAHANOGLU SAIME. « Determining the optimal product mix in multiple constraints manufacturing environment : an application in the textile industry ». Industria Textila 73, n^o 05 (26 octobre 2022) : 564–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/it.073.05.202125.

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Theory of constraints (TOC) is an approach to production planning and control by focusing on the constraints of an organization to increase throughput by effectively managing constraints. TOC approach has been applied in many sectors, and efficient results have been taken. One of the application areas of TOC is product mix decisions. Product mix decisions are important for multi-product manufacturing systems because they affect the performance measures of the companies. This study aims to present how TOC is applied to determine the optimum product mix in a multiple- constraint environment in the textile industry. To achieve this, we first select three basic products of a textile company and examine the production processes of these products from TOC perspective. Next, we perform a bottleneck process and identify three bottlenecks for the problem. Then, based on our bottleneck process results, we generate three scenarios. Upon assessing these scenarios, we determine the most appropriate product mix by implementing the TOC approach. Finally, we employ a goal programming approach to solve the product mix problem and compare its results with those obtained by the TOC.

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Kustono, Alwan Sri. « Memahami Theory of Constraint dari Sumber Pertama Pembumian Kasus Novel “The Goals” ». Jurnal Ekonomi Akuntansi dan Manajemen 18, n^o 2 (27 septembre 2019) : 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jeam.v18i2.16967.

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This article is grounded The Goal (Goldratt & Cox, 2008). It describes a case that occurred in a company. Manager has three months to change unprofitable and unreliable factory operations to succeed. It shows the differences that occur in a manufacturing company in a process, and how to discuss the difficulties that occur, and reduce their impact. Manager team discussed the challenges in the material flow, and immediately started requesting changes to help increase reserves and increase production. They brought an old machine that they received for free to increase the capacity of the engine, which has proven to be one of the two bottlenecks. Furthermore, they changed the process that happened to the company, changed like they did, which caused a great deal in getting the product and also caused some products to be heated several times to make it warmer and then even harder not just once or not at all. Keywords: throughput, bottleneck, performance, constraint

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Zhou, Wenhui, Chang Wang, Pingjie Hu et Yifang Zhou. « Bottleneck breakthrough, action learning and transformation capability ». Nankai Business Review International 7, n^o 1 (7 mars 2016) : 60–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nbri-09-2015-0020.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the main advantages of integrating bottleneck theory, action learning and transformation capabilities to phenomenon and process analysis systems. Design/methodology/approach – This paper selects three typical cases, using grounded theory standardized coding procedures, and selects exploratory case study approach. Findings – Inward small and medium manufacturing enterprises use the bottleneck breakthrough program and provide a correct knowledge input for action learning. Action learning provides a strong guarantee that for the implementation of bottleneck breakthrough program, programming and action learning are required to continually solve problems and achieve goals in the process. Research limitations/implications – The authors used inward manufacturing small- and medium-sized enterprises as research subjects The authors did not analysis the role of knowledge services; the future studies could explore how to improve the performance through the transformation value co-creation. Practical implications – Because of the lack of resources and capacity, small- and medium-sized enterprise adopt appropriate micro-innovation and continuous micro-transformation to break the bottleneck stage and achieve small victories. Originality/value – Learning and development enterprises are not only through multinational clients which restructuring enhance the learning capacity of the international M & A path. It does not conduct thorough and comprehensive change, and also not related to the structural of readjustment organization. In fact, the radical change and transformation strategy is different than other strategies.

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Zare, Habib, Mahyar Kamali Saraji, Madjid Tavana, Dalia Streimikiene et Fausto Cavallaro. « An Integrated Fuzzy Goal Programming—Theory of Constraints Model for Production Planning and Optimization ». Sustainability 13, n^o 22 (17 novembre 2021) : 12728. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132212728.

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Manufacturing companies are under constant pressure to optimize the economic sustainability of their production systems. Production planning and optimization is a well-established strategy for considering resource constraints and improving economic productivity. This study proposes an integrated fuzzy goal planning and the theory of constraints for production planning and optimization. To this end, a hybrid Delphi–Buckley method was used to identify the relevant goals and a paired matrix questionnaire was used to determine the fuzzy weights of the goals. Furthermore, a fuzzy bottleneck detection algorithm was used to deal with the bottlenecks. A case study in the cable industry is presented to demonstrate the applicability and exhibit the efficiency of the proposed model. The results indicate that production planning in the cable industry could experience less deviation, almost 11% less, from the goals by applying the fuzzy goal programming under the theory of constraints, compared to the traditional method or crisp-goal programming.

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Zuo, Lianrui, Blake E. Dewey, Yihao Liu, Yufan He, Scott D. Newsome, Ellen M. Mowry, Susan M. Resnick, Jerry L. Prince et Aaron Carass. « Unsupervised MR harmonization by learning disentangled representations using information bottleneck theory ». NeuroImage 243 (novembre 2021) : 118569. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118569.

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Kemaluddin, Rifky Pajar, et Endang Prasetyaningsih. « Perbaikan Stasiun Kerja Bottleneck melalui Penerapan Theory of Constraint di PT. Pindad (Persero) ». Bandung Conference Series : Industrial Engineering Science 2, n^o 2 (28 juillet 2022) : 262–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/bcsies.v2i2.3562.

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Abstract. PT. Pindad, Kendaraan Khusus Division is a company-owned business in the manufacture of the Anoa 6x6 motor vehicle. The company has a strategy response market “make to order” so that if there is a delay in fulfilling the demand, the company will get a penalty cost. In 2019, there was a delay in delivery which caused the company to get a penalty cost and reduce profits. The thing that affects the delay is the production flow of the ramp door, which is one of the components that make the Anoa 6x6, not yet due to the ability of each machine to produce products. Based on this phenomenon, the problems in this study are: (1) What causes the workstation to become jammed? (2) What is being done to eliminate bottlenecks that occur in the ramp door production flow. The application used is Theory of Constraint (TOC) which consists of 4 stages, namely knowing the constraints using the Current Reality Diagram (CRT), exploiting constraints using Linear Programming, subordination of constraints using Drum-Buffer-Rope and scheduling Campbell-Dudek-Smith (CDS), and provide improvement proposals at the last stage, namely the elevation constraint. After processing and repairing, it was found a decrease in machine utility from 168.72% to 84.36% with the previous profit of Rp 189,669,000,000 to Rp 336,000,000,000. The results of this study are: The special vehicle division needs to add work shifts at the Welding & Mig Workstation so that production capacity can meet customer demands and schedule component work to get the shortest time in producing ramp door components. Abstrak. PT. Pindad divisi kendaraan khusus merupakan usaha milik perusahaan dalam pembuatan kendaraan bermotor Anoa 6x6. Perusahaan memiliki respon pasar make to order sehingga jika terjadi keterlambatan dalam memenuhi permintaan akan mendapatkan penalty cost. Tahun 2019, terjadi keterlembatan pengiriman yang menyebabkan perusahaan mendapatkan penalty cost dan mengurangi keuntungan. Hal yang mempengaruhi keterlambatan adalah aliran produksi rampdoor yang merupakan salah satu komponen penyusun Anoa 6x6 belum seimbang dikarenakan kemampuan setiap mesin dalam menghasilkan produk berbeda, sehingga menimbulkan stasiun kerja bottleneck. Berdasarkan fenomena tersebut maka permasalahan dalam penelitian ini yaitu: (1) Apa yang menyebabkan stasiun kerja menjadi bottleneck? (2) Apa yang dilakukan untuk menghilangkan bottleneck yang terjadi pada aliran produksi rampdoor. Penerapan yang digunakan yaitu Theory of Constraint (TOC) yang terdiri dari 4 tahapan yaitu identifikasi constraint menggunakan Current Reality Diagram (CRT), eksploitasi constraint menggunakan Linear Programming, subordinasi constraint menggunakan Drum-Buffer-Rope serta penjadwalan Campbell-Dudek-Smith (CDS), dan memberikan usulan perbaikan pada tahapan terakhir yaitu elevasi constraint. Setelah dilakukannya pengolahan dan melakukan perbaikan didapatkan penurunan beban mesin untuk SK Pengelasan & Mig dari 168,72% menjadi 84,36% hal ini menyebabkan beban kerja yang sebelumnya berlebih menjadi berkurang. Keuntungan yang diperoleh sebelumnya Rp 189.669.000.000 menjadi Rp 336.000.000.000 dikarenakan permintaan yang dapat terpenuhi. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah: Divisi kendaraan khusus perlu menambahkan shift kerja pada Stasiun Kerja Pengelasan & Mig agar kapasitas produksi dapat memenuhi permintaan pelanggan dan menjadwalkan job komponen agar mendapatkan waktu tependek dalam menghasilkan komponen rampdoor.

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FATOUROU, PANAGIOTA, MARIOS MAVRONICOLAS et PAUL SPIRAKIS. « MAX-MIN FAIR FLOW CONTROL SENSITIVE TO PRIORITIES ». Journal of Interconnection Networks 06, n^o 02 (juin 2005) : 85–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219265905001332.

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Flow control is the dominant technique currently used in communication networks for preventing excess traffic from flooding the network, and for handling congestion. In rate-based flow control, transmission rates of sessions are adjusted in an end-to-end manner through a sequence of operations. In this work, we present a theory of max-min fair, rate-based flow control sensitive to priorities of different sessions, as a significant extension of the classical theory of max-min fair, rate-based flow control to networks supporting applications with diverse requirements on network resources. Each individual session bears a priority function, which maps the session's priority to a transmission rate; the priority is a working abstraction of the session's priority to bandwidth access. Priority functions enable the specification of requirements on bandwidth access by distributed applications, and the formal handling of such requirements. We present priority max-min fairness, as a novel and well motivated fairness condition which requires that assigned rates correspond, through the priority functions, to priorities comprising a max-min vector. We also introduce priority bottleneck algorithms gradually update a session's rate until when its priority is restricted on a priority bottleneck edge of the network. We establish a collection of interesting combinatorial properties of priority bottleneck algorithms. Most significantly, we show that they can only converge to priority max-min fairness. As an application of our general theory, we embed priority bottleneck algorithms in the more realistic optimistic framework for rate-based flow control. The optimistic framework allows for both decreases and increases of session rates. We exploit these additionally provided semantics to prove further combinatorial properties for the termination of priority bottleneck algorithms in the optimistic framework. We use these properties to conclude the first optimistic algorithms for efficient, max-min fair, rate-based flow control sensitive to priorities.

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Andrade, Enide, et Geir Dahl. « Combinatorial Perron values of trees and bottleneck matrices ». Linear and Multilinear Algebra 65, n^o 12 (29 décembre 2016) : 2387–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03081087.2016.1274363.

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Daamen, Winnie, Serge P. Hoogendoorn et Piet H. L. Bovy. « First-Order Pedestrian Traffic Flow Theory ». Transportation Research Record : Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1934, n^o 1 (janvier 2005) : 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105193400105.

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This paper discusses the validity of first-order traffic flow theory for the description of two-dimensional pedestrian flow operations in the case of an oversaturated bottleneck in front of which a large high-density region has formed. The paper shows how observations of density, speed, and flow that have been collected from laboratory walking experiments can be interpreted from the viewpoint of first-order theory. It is observed that pedestrians present at the same cross section inside of the congested region may encounter different flow conditions. This mainly depends on the lateral position of the pedestrian with respect to the center of the congested region. In the lateral center, high densities and low speeds are observed. However, on the boundary of the congested region, pedestrians may walk in nearly free-flow conditions and literally walk around this congested region. Visualization of these data in the flow– density plane results in a large scatter of points that have similar flows (bottleneck capacity) but different densities. This can be explained by noticing that observations of congestion of pedestrian traffic over the total width of the cross section do not belong to a single fundamental diagram but belong to a set of different fundamental diagrams. This observation has consequences for estimation of the fundamental diagram describing pedestrian traffic.

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Xu, Chang, Dacheng Tao et Chao Xu. « Large-Margin Multi-ViewInformation Bottleneck ». IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 36, n^o 8 (août 2014) : 1559–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2013.2296528.

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Li, Qiao Ru, Yue Xiang Pan, Liang Chen et Chang Guang Cheng. « Influence of the Moving Bottleneck on the Traffic Flow on Expressway ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 97-98 (septembre 2011) : 480–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.97-98.480.

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Résumé :

The mix rate of large trucks is extremely high on expressway in China. The influence of moving bottleneck on the traffic flow of the expressway is particularly serious. The moving bottleneck, formed due to the overtaking of the low-speed trucks, is analyzed with the kinematic wave theory and simulated by utilizing the VISSIM software. Simulation results indicate that increase of the traffic flow and the mix rate of trucks could aggravate the influence of the moving bottleneck on the traffic states, and decrease the speeds of cars significantly. This leads to the insufficient use of the expressway resources. The study result can contribute to the traffic capacity analysis of the expressway.

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