Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Botticino »

In this work, new co- and ter-polymers of methyl methacrylate (MMA), ethyl methacrylate (EMA), and N-butyl methacrylate (nBuMA), containing just 1% mol × mol−1 of a fluorinated co-monomer, 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-tridecafluoro-octyl methacrylate (POMA), were synthesized. After an UV accelerated aging test, the photo-chemical stability of the polymers prepared was determined by 1H NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy, size exclusion chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry and wettability measurements. The polymers were applied to Botticino tiles to achieve better performances in terms of water repellency and consequently deterioration resistance. One-year prolonged exposure to a real environment was conducted and the properties of the coated materials and their performances were studied using different surface techniques such as water contact angle (WCA) and colorimetric measurements (CIELaB), capillary absorption, permeability (RVP) tests and soluble salts determination. The effectiveness of the fluorinated methacrylic coatings was clearly demonstrated; among all the resins, the co-polymer MMA_POMA seems to be the most performing one. Furthermore, both the UV photo-chemical resistance and the easiness of removal was successfully studied.

The state of the art of 3D surveying technologies, if correctly applied, allows to obtain 3D coloured models of large open pit mines using different technologies as terrestrial laser scanner (TLS), with images, combined with UAV based digital photogrammetry. GNSS and/or total station are also currently used to geo reference the model. The University of Brescia has been realised a project to map in 3D an open pit mine located in Botticino, a famous location of marble extraction close to Brescia in North Italy. Terrestrial Laser Scanner 3D point clouds combined with RGB images and digital photogrammetry from UAV have been used to map a large part of the cave. By rigorous and well know procedures a 3D point cloud and mesh model have been obtained using an easy and rigorous approach. After the description of the combined mapping process, the paper describes the innovative process proposed for the daily/weekly update of the model itself. To realize this task a SLAM technology approach is described, using an innovative approach based on an innovative instrument capable to run an automatic localization process and real time on the field change detection analysis.

The paper aims to report a proper low-impact integrated study approach for the energy and seismic retrofitting of a tower building located in the city centre of Brescia (Italy). The building consists of a group of aggregate buildings built in the 1950s, from which emerged an 11-storey tower. It was built with the technology of the time by means of a perimeter and spine framed structure in reinforced concrete, double perimeter infill with a hollow brick air chamber, external cladding on the main fronts with small Botticino marble tiles. The building is registered by the Ministry of Cultural Heritage for its facade and is located in a seismic zone of category two. When work began, the construction was in a class three; thus, the whole project was updated to obtain the new seismic authorisation. The coating showed progressive decay, with dangerous structural instability of the heavy coating. The design team decided to adopt wider corrective action compared to the observed phenomenon, integrating it with a local seismic and global energy improvement through the insertion of a ventilated wall in the building and the realisation of accurate thermal and energy insulation systems. At the end of the intervention, this building became the first condominium in Italy in 2018, certified in class A and upgraded with sustainability criteria in which the application of the GBC Italy (Green Building Council) Condominiums protocol, currently in its final publication phase for the energy–environmental sustainability of condominiums, has been tested.

El presente artículo se propone estudiar la red como el referente ontológico fundamental de la existencia en común. A través de un diálogo entre el pensamiento de Judith Butler y la propuesta anarcafeminista de Chiara Bottici, se pretende exponer cómo el desarrollo de una ontología reticular puede apuntar a una propuesta ético-política emancipatoria en términos igualitarios. Para ello, en primer lugar, se analizarán las nociones de interdependencia, vulnerabilidad –Butler– y transindividualidad –Bottici– como condiciones ontológicas fundamentales de la existencia en tanto que relación. En segundo lugar, se vinculará la noción de red con el estudio de la violencia estructural a la que están sometidos los cuerpos de las mujeres. Y, en tercer lugar, se analizará en qué sentido las alianzas entre el anarcafeminismo y la ética de la no-violencia hacen de la red el fundamento de una praxis política emancipatoria basada en la igualdad entre cuerpos.

Background. All over the world, the naturalistic restoration of abandoned quarry areas represents a real challenge because of the very adverse initial site conditions for plant species colonization. In order to identify the best restoration practices, the present thesis considered, as a case study, the “Botticino extractive basin” (Lombardy, Italy), that is today the second greatest Italian extractive basin and it is famous worldwide for the limestone extraction. In particular, the thesis proposes a multidisciplinary approach based on the study of the local vegetation dynamics, laboratory tests, plant selection for restoration and field experiments to test different restoration techniques. Methods. Spontaneous vegetation dynamics over the whole extractive basin was studied by an ecological approach through 108 plots, that were carried out on surfaces whose “disused time” from quarry abandonment was known; data were analysed by cluster analysis and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) and compared to the available data on grassland and woodlands related to the study area. We identified successional phases according to the trend of the most common species whose cover significantly increases or decreases with time. To assess the influence of geomorphological heterogeneity on vegetation succession, we studied morphology and ecology of plant species growing on the following three main geomorphological quarry surfaces: artificial cliffs, dump deposits and quarry platforms; data were subjected to statistical analysis (contingency tables) and CCA. Since any restoration project should ensure the soil stabilisation of quarry dump deposits, the contribution of herbaceous root systems to limit superficial movements was studied by calculating the root cohesion of three herbaceous species with different types of root systems (Anthyllis vulneraria, Bromus erectus and Stachys recta). To this aim, we made 421 tensile strength tests by the Stable Micro System TA Hd Plus apparatus and we collected root traits by means of image analysis and the software Winrhizo. In the view of field experiments regarding quarry restoration projects, we carried out some preliminary tests and analysis, such as: a) germination tests on some common species characterizing the local vegetation succession; b) planning the structure and the species composition of the tree layer by using natural woodlands as reference model; c) collection and characterization of the hayseed coming from a “donor grassland” close to the Botticino extractive basin. We performed field experiments in an apposite site of about 600 m2 (consisting in three terraces almost horizontal) selected on a fully exploited quarry inside the Botticino extractive basin. Topsoil showed a clayey texture and some physical (e.g. limited soil depth, high stoniness) and chemical (very alkaline pH, low availability of nutrients) limitations. We tested three different restoration methods: 1) terrace A: hydroseeding of hayseed and plantation of shrub and trees; 2) terrace B: traditional hydroseeding of a commercial seeds mixture and plantation of shrub and trees; 3) terrace C: only plantation of shrub and trees without herb layer. In the tree layer of the three terraces, 98 individuals per terrace were planted (main species: Quercus pubescens, Fraxinus ornus, Cotinus coggygria, Ostrya carpinifolia). One year after the experiment, we collected vegetation data by means of 3 x 3 m plots in which we measured some species traits, e.g. species cover, mean plant height of the herbaceous layers, number of dead individuals; in addition we collected further species traits for each species in four subplot (20 x 20 cm): e.g. number of individuals, cover, maximum plant height. Data were subjected to CCA and compared to reference sites, i.e. the “donor grassland” and a quarry area spontaneously revegetated. Main results. Sinchronic analysis of vegetation allowed to identify 10 plant communities and to assigned them to 5 successional phases: a) pioneer phase (0-2 years from abandonment), b) early phase (3-10 years), c) intermediate phase (11-22 years), d) later phase (23-44 years) and e) advanced phase (>44 years). B. erectus showed the highest value of root cohesion thanks to the high volume of the root system and to the high root tensile strength. Moreover, the selection of herbaceous species should also take into account that root tensile strength strongly decreased with root diameter according to a potential curve and that, as for root volume, it is species-specific. As regards restoration trials, terrace C showed the lowest vegetation cover (15%), plant height and biomass production (16.33 g/m2). Terrace B showed the highest herbaceous plant height (100 cm) and biomass production (355.23 g/m2), although determined only by 6 species (with a clear dominance of Lolium perenne). On the other hand, terrace A showed similar plant height (93.3 cm), but lower biomass production (190.19 g/m2) and a much higher number of species (16), anyway lower than those on the donor grassland (28). As concerns the number of dead tree and shrub in the experimental site, for each single species we recorded the greatest number of dead plants on the terrace B (74.49%), while 18.37% of plants died on terrace A, and only 4.08% on terrace C. Discussion and Conclusion. The succession in the quarry area was partially similar to a primary one and was affected by environmental factors (e.g. stoniness, slope) immediately after the pioneer phase, so that different types of vegetation community grew on different morphological surfaces at the same time. In particular, dump deposits resulted similar to platforms for ecological features and dominant species traits, while artificial cliffs differed significantly, being mostly affected by rockiness and slope. Considering the time needed for the spontaneous vegetation succession and the cost of restoration interventions, human efforts are recommended on dump deposits and platforms. Results also highlighted that the use of species belonging to the Poaceae family (or/and with a fasciculated root system) are recommended for their attitude to stabilize superficial soil layers.The planting of shrub and tree followed by the sowing of hayseed could be a suitable method to ensure a successful restoration. In this way the death of shrub and trees due to the plant competition with the herb layer is avoided and suitable biodiversity levels are ensured. The present thesis provides a procedure for the restoration of calcareous quarries that can be applied on large scale, directing human efforts to reduce the economic costs for restoration.

The professionalization of political parties has significantly altered the means by which parties interact with voters and supporters. The current study is an attempt to examine what these changes in political communication mean for the ability of parties to organize supporters and mobilize them both in a campaign setting and in the longer-term struggle. Habermasian and Gramscian perspectives on the relational aspects of political communication highlight the challenges presented by the growing unidirectionality of communication and the concomitant atrophying of intermediary institutions. Beyond this, the work of Bottici and McLuhan is used to expose the effects of the 'arational' aspects of these changes in both form and content. To test the plausibility of the theoretical insights obtained, the case of the New Democratic Party of Canada is considered. The study concludes by considering the potential of new technological developments for resolving or mitigating concerns identified throughout the thesis.
Graduate

The essay focuses on a documentary corpus that belonged to the San Miniato archive: the papers of Banco di Francesco Botticini, which came to the monastery at the beginning of the 15th century. Botticini’s legacy can be reconstructed in about fifty parchments (represented here in an Appendix as register or excerpt), and offers interesting evidence on the Boccaccio’s family, linked to Banco Botticini by neighborhood relations and common acquaintances. Eleven ‘Olivetan parchments’ bear references to Boccaccio and are able to show different but still close relationships: from the sincere ones with messer Giovanni to the stormy with his brother, Iacopo, up to the long-lasting bond with the Iacopo’s sons, heirs of Boccaccio, who remained in the legal guardianship of Banco Botticini for many years.