Articles de revues sur le sujet « Botanical food supplement »
Pour voir les autres types de publications sur ce sujet consultez le lien suivant : Botanical food supplement.
Créez une référence correcte selon les styles APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard et plusieurs autres
Consultez les 50 meilleurs articles de revues pour votre recherche sur le sujet « Botanical food supplement ».
À côté de chaque source dans la liste de références il y a un bouton « Ajouter à la bibliographie ». Cliquez sur ce bouton, et nous générerons automatiquement la référence bibliographique pour la source choisie selon votre style de citation préféré : APA, MLA, Harvard, Vancouver, Chicago, etc.
Vous pouvez aussi télécharger le texte intégral de la publication scolaire au format pdf et consulter son résumé en ligne lorsque ces informations sont inclues dans les métadonnées.
Parcourez les articles de revues sur diverses disciplines et organisez correctement votre bibliographie.
1
Giammarioli, Stefania, Concetta Boniglia, Brunella Carratù, Marco Ciarrocchi, Flavia Chiarotti, Maurizio Mosca et Elisabetta Sanzini. « Use of food supplements and determinants of usage in a sample Italian adult population ». Public Health Nutrition 16, no 10 (1 octobre 2012) : 1768–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980012004314.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractObjectiveThe aims were to collect data on consumption of different food supplements in a sample of the adult Italian population and to characterize users by demographic, physical and health-related characteristics, lifestyle and behaviour.DesignCross-sectional survey.SettingThe study was conducted in 2008 in ten towns of Italy (two towns from each of the five macro-areas: Northwest, Northeast, Centre, South and Islands).SubjectsAdults (n10 000) aged ≥18 years were randomly selected and asked to fill in a self-administered questionnaire regarding their use of food supplements and the above variables. The effect of these variables on food supplement use was evaluated by univariate and multivariate logistic regression.ResultsOf the 1723 individuals who returned the questionnaire, 49 % were users of food supplements. A large proportion (54 %) of users used more than one category of food supplement: vitamin and/or mineral supplements were the most used (61 %), followed by supplements with botanicals and botanical extracts (28 %). The results obtained by logistic regression showed that gender, town size, education level, sports practice, regular use of wholemeal cereal-based foods and presence of a low stress level were determinants for the use of food supplements in the examined population. However, these determinants were not shared by all categories of supplements.ConclusionsThe results of this preliminary study highlight that associations between demographic, dietary and lifestyle factors and use of different categories of food supplements differ according to products, and cannot be accounted for simply by dichotomizing individuals as users or non-users.
2
Albadry, Mohamed A., et Ikhlas A. Khan. « Roadmap for Quality by Design Implementation for Dietary Supplements ». Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 103, no 1 (1 janvier 2020) : 103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.18-0415.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract Background: Recently, there is a growing interest in quality by design (QbD) in the dietary supplements industry. Objective: Effective QbD implementation necessitates a comprehensive understanding of multiple factors such as; the relationship between the critical qualities attributes (CQAs) and the scientific properties of the dietary supplement, the relationship between the manufacturing process, CQAs and the variability in raw materials. There are still two critical challenging concerns to be addressed in the implementation of QbD for herbal drugs. First, the quality variation of botanical raw materials and second, the difficulty in defining the satisfactory ranges of CQAs. Method: In order to tackle these challenges, this review provides a snapshot of the numerous techniques that can be used in the identification and characterization of the botanical raw materials, therefore, will help in the successful QbD implementation for botanicals and dietary supplements. Conclusions: In order to implement this approach and to be considered in the current dietary supplement regulations, fruitful discussions and collaborations between academia, industry and regulatory agencies are required.
3
Bilia, Anna Rita. « Herbal Medicinal Products versus Botanical-Food Supplements in the European market : State of Art and Perspectives ». Natural Product Communications 10, no 1 (janvier 2015) : 1934578X1501000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1501000130.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Botanical products marketed in Europe are diverse, classified as herbal medicinal products, dietary supplements, cosmetics, foods and beverages depending on the relevant applicable legislation. Many factors are taken into account in the classification of a botanical product (e.g. intended use, labeling, preparations and dosages) according to how it is placed on the market. Herbal medicinal products (HMPs) can only be sold in pharmacies, under the supervision of a pharmacist, and are marketed after full or simplified registration procedures according to their classification, i.e. as over-the-counter drugs (OTC) available without special restrictions and prescription only medicine (POM), which must be prescribed by a licensed medical practitioner. The dietary supplement segment is also sold in the market in dose form (such as capsules, tablets, ampoules of liquids, drops etc) and represents 15-20% of the botanical market at the European level with high variability among each country (i.e. in Italy it reaches up to 80%). In many cases the distinction between medicinal products and food supplements has generated borderline botanical-sourced products, which generally produce confusion and mislead the consumers. As a consequence, there is an urgent need of consumer education and in addition to collect comprehensive data and make this database systematically available to herbalists, nutritionists and medical specialists for a proper classification and harmonization of the use of botanical ingredients, and, as consequence, a correct use of these products.
4
Grippo, Anne A., Kayla Capps, Ben Rougeau et Bill J. Gurley. « Analysis of Flavonoid Phytoestrogens in Botanical and Ephedra-Containing Dietary Supplements ». Annals of Pharmacotherapy 41, no 9 (septembre 2007) : 1375–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.1h497.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Background: Plant-derived botanical and dietary supplements are widely self-prescribed in the US and considered natural, safe, and beneficial. However, because they are not strictly regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), their ingredients are not always known and they may contain unexpected agents. Among the myriad plant-produced molecules are flavonoids, which reportedly have various human health effects, including anticancer, antioxidant, and estrogenic properties. Several flavonoids (eg, isoflavones) are known as phytoestrogens, based on their ability to mimic estrogen in mammals. Because botanical and dietary supplements are plant products and need not be processed or purified due to their FDA classification as foods, they may contain unexpected phytoestrogens, such as flavonoids. Objective: To analyze 8 botanical and 11 ephedra-containing dietary supplements for the presence and concentration of 5 flavonoids (biochanin A, daidzein, formononetin, genistein, quercetin), which may deliver unexpected estrogenic activity. Method: Randomly selected tablets from single bottles of 19 botanical and dietary supplements purchased locally were pooled. Flavonoids were extracted into ethanolic solution and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Results: Flavonoids were detected in all supplements tested, with the largest number (4) found in Kava Kava. Almost all supplements contained measurable amounts of genistein and/or daidzein, known estrogenic agents, at up to 22 mg/day of isoflavone, per recommended daily dosage of supplement. Conclusions: These results suggest that single-component botanical and multi-ingredient dietary supplements could contain unexpected estrogenic agents, which may impact the health of consumers.
5
S., Nushusna, Yumi Zuhanis H.Y.H. et Hamzah M.S. « In-silico approach in risk assessment of nutraceutical properties ». Food Research 4, S1 (10 février 2020) : 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.4(s1).s35.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Dietary supplements, including those containing botanical ingredients and botanicalderived compounds, have been marketed to consumers globally for many decades. However, the legislative framework for such products remains inconsistent across jurisdictions internationally. A common problem, concerning these nutraceutical products, is deficient information and lack of data for assessing the hazards posed to human health. The main objective is to explore the use of in silico tools in a risk assessment context of nutraceutical product, to relate properties of the molecular structure to the toxic effect of the chemical substance, by using principles and methods of computational chemistry. Further consideration of the actual impact of adverse events arising from nutraceutical food supplement usage will be helpful in guiding such issue as a potential for misidentification, and adulteration of botanical supplements by pharmacologically active substances.
6
Ang, Catharina Y. W., Yanyan Cui, Hebron C. Chang, Wenhong Luo, Thomas M. Heinze, Lawrence J. Lin et Antonia Mattia. « Determination of St. John's Wort Components in Dietary Supplements and Functional Foods by Liquid Chromatography ». Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 85, no 6 (1 novembre 2002) : 1360–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/85.6.1360.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract St. John's wort ( Hypericum perforatum L.) preparations, a top-selling botanical dietary supplement used primarily as an antidepressant, has recently been used as an ingredient in some food products sold as functional foods. A rapid extraction technique followed by a liquid chromatographic (LC) method was developed to determine 4 characteristic bioactive compounds (pseudohypericin, hypericin, hyperforin, and adhyperforin) from St. John's wort in dietary supplements and functional foods to which it was added. Solid samples, including including dried leaf/flower mixture, dietary supplement capsules, tea bags, puff and snack bar, were extracted with methanol by sonication.Noncarbonated, fruit-flavored drinks were centrifuged and mixed with methanol. Compounds were then determined by isocratic, reversed-phase LC with UV detection at 2 wavelengths and further identified or confirmed by photodiode array spectra and LC/mass spectrometry. Within-laboratory method variations (% RSD) were satisfactory. Very low amounts, if any, of the 4 components were found in drink and puff samples, and none was found in the snack bar. The methods developed provide a useful means for the determination of St. John's wort components in dietary supplements and functional foods.
7
Nobile, Vincenzo, Enza Cestone, Francesco Puoci, Ileana Deponti, Marta Pisati et Angela Michelotti. « In Vitro and In Vivo Study on Humans of Natural Compound Synergy as a Multifunctional Approach to Cellulite-Derived Skin Imperfections ». Cosmetics 7, no 2 (16 juin 2020) : 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics7020048.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Aim: The present study aimed to assess the efficacy of a nutraceutical ingredient, SelectSIEVE® Rainbow, based on botanical extracts, in ameliorating cellulite-derived skin imperfections and microcirculation. The nutritional supplement contained a mixture of Oryza sativa (L.), Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck, Ananas comosus (L.) Merr, and Actinidia chinensis Planch; all ingredients were botanicals that can be used in food supplements. Results: In vitro studies showed the high capacity of the supplement to have an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and hypolipidemic effect, accompanied by an interesting proteolytic activity. The randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial, carried out on 60 women during an 8-week treatment period, confirmed the in vitro study results. SelectSIEVE® Rainbow showed a whole-body shaping activity, with a reduction of the waist, hip, and tight circumference of 0.8, 0.65 and 0.72 cm, respectively. It also showed a reduction of subcutaneous fat mass of 1.24 mm and body weight, with an average of 0.7 kg and positive peaks of −2.9 kg. Skin health and appearance were also improved: +5.4% skin elasticity, +5.5% skin tonicity and +5.7% skin draining. Finally, the dermatological evaluation of the cellulite score and microcirculation showed an improvement in 57% and 60% of the subjects enrolled in the studies. Conclusions: This first study provides interesting inputs on the effectiveness of the nutraceutical complex standardized in polyphenols, anthocyanins and proteolytic enzymes to counteract cellulite blemishes and improve local microcirculation. The positive response encourages deeper studies and further investigation.
8
Hunter, Elizabeth Sage, Robert Literman et Sara M. Handy. « Utilizing Big Data to Identify Tiny Toxic Components : Digitalis ». Foods 10, no 8 (3 août 2021) : 1794. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10081794.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The botanical genus Digitalis is equal parts colorful, toxic, and medicinal, and its bioactive compounds have a long history of therapeutic use. However, with an extremely narrow therapeutic range, even trace amounts of Digitalis can cause adverse effects. Using chemical methods, the United States Food and Drug Administration traced a 1997 case of Digitalis toxicity to a shipment of Plantago (a common ingredient in dietary supplements marketed to improve digestion) contaminated with Digitalis lanata. With increased accessibility to next generation sequencing technology, here we ask whether this case could have been cracked rapidly using shallow genome sequencing strategies (e.g., genome skims). Using a modified implementation of the Site Identification from Short Read Sequences (SISRS) bioinformatics pipeline with whole-genome sequence data, we generated over 2 M genus-level single nucleotide polymorphisms in addition to species-informative single nucleotide polymorphisms. We simulated dietary supplement contamination by spiking low quantities (0–10%) of Digitalis whole-genome sequence data into a background of commonly used ingredients in products marketed for “digestive cleansing” and reliably detected Digitalis at the genus level while also discriminating between Digitalis species. This work serves as a roadmap for the development of novel DNA-based assays to quickly and reliably detect the presence of toxic species such as Digitalis in food products or dietary supplements using genomic methods and highlights the power of harnessing the entire genome to identify botanical species.
9
Kamiński, Mikołaj, Matylda Kręgielska-Narożna et Paweł Bogdański. « Determination of the Popularity of Dietary Supplements Using Google Search Rankings ». Nutrients 12, no 4 (26 mars 2020) : 908. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12040908.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The internet provides access to information about dietary supplements and allows their easy purchase. We aimed to rank the interest of Google users in dietary supplements and to determine the changes that occurred in their popularity from 2004 to 2019. We used Google Trends to generate data over time on regional interest in dietary supplements (n = 200). We categorized each included supplement and calculated the interest in all topics in proportion to the relative search volume (RSV) of “lutein”. We analyzed the trends over time of all topics and categories. Globally, the topics with the highest popularity were “magnesium”, which was 23.72 times more popular than “lutein”, “protein” (15.22 times more popular), and “iron” (15.12). The categories of supplements receiving most interest were protein (9.64), mineral (5.24), and vitamin (3.47). The RSV of seven categories of topics (amino acid, bacterial, botanical, fiber, mineral, protein, and vitamin) increased over time while two categories (enzyme and fat or fatty acid) saw a drop in their RSV. Overall, 119 topics saw an increase in interest over time, 19 remained stable, and 62 saw interest in them decrease. Google Trends provides insights into e-discourse and enables analysis of the differences in popularity of certain topics across countries and over time.
10
Boullata, Joseph I., Patrick J. McDonnell et Cynthia D. Oliva. « Anaphylactic Reaction to a Dietary Supplement Containing Willow Bark ». Annals of Pharmacotherapy 37, no 6 (juin 2003) : 832–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.1d027.
Texte intégralRésumé :
OBJECTIVE: To report a case of anaphylaxis resulting from the use of a willow bark–containing dietary supplement in a patient with a history of an aspirin allergy. CASE SUMMARY: A 25-year-old white woman presented to the emergency department of a community teaching hospital with anaphylaxis requiring epinephrine, diphenhydramine, methylprednisolone, and volume resuscitation to which she responded favorably. Medication history revealed that she had ingested 2 capsules of Stacker 2 (NVE Pharmaceuticals, Newton, NJ), a dietary supplement promoted for weight loss, prior to experiencing her initial symptoms. Among other active ingredients, this product contains willow bark. Of significance is that this patient also reported a history of allergy to acetylsalicylic acid. No other causes for anaphylaxis were identified. She continued to receive routine supportive care and the remaining hospital course was uncomplicated. DISCUSSION: Dietary supplements, including herbal products, are used by many individuals who consider them to be inherently safe despite limited regulatory oversight by the Food and Drug Administration. While there may be value to specific botanical ingredients, a potential for adverse effects also exists. The popular product consumed by our patient is used for weight loss and contains willow bark, a source of salicylates. Based on the Naranjo probability scale, it is probable that this case of anaphylaxis was due to this dietary supplement. CONCLUSIONS: The use of any willow bark–containing dietary supplement may present a risk of anaphylactic reaction to patients with a history of allergy to salicylates. Clinicians need to recognize the potential for adverse effects from dietary supplements.
11
Gong, Ningbo, Baoxi Zhang, Kun Hu, Zhaolin Gao, Guanhua Du et Yang Lu. « Development and Certification of Formononetin Reference Material for Quality Control of Functional Foods and Botanical Supplements ». Current Analytical Chemistry 15, no 5 (12 juillet 2019) : 553–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573411014666180411152309.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Background: Formononetin is a common soy isoflavonoid that can be found abundantly in many natural plants. Previous studies have shown that formononetin possesses a variety of activities which can be applied for various medicinal purposes. Certified Reference Materials (CRMs) play a fundamental role in the food, traditional medicine and dietary supplement fields, and can be used for method validation, uncertainty estimation, as well as quality control. Methods: The purity of formononetin was determined by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Coulometric Titration (CT) and Mass Balance (MB) methods. Results: This paper reports the sample preparation methodology, homogeneity and stability studies, value assignment, and uncertainty estimation of a new certified reference material of formononetin. DSC, CT and MB methods proved to be sufficiently reliable and accurate for the certification purpose. The purity of the formononetin CRM was therefore found to be 99.40% ± 0.24 % (k = 2) based on the combined value assignments and the expanded uncertainty. Conclusion: This CRM will be a reliable standard for the validation of the analytical methods and for quality assurance/quality control of formononetin and formononetin-related traditional herbs, food products, dietary supplements and pharmaceutical formulations.
12
Little, Jason G., Daniel S. Marsman, Timothy R. Baker et Catherine Mahony. « In silico approach to safety of botanical dietary supplement ingredients utilizing constituent-level characterization ». Food and Chemical Toxicology 107 (septembre 2017) : 418–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2017.07.017.
Texte intégral
13
Chen, Liang, Chun Hu, Molly Hood, Juntao Kan, Xiaona Gan, Xue Zhang, Yi Zhang et Jun Du. « An Integrated Approach Exploring the Synergistic Mechanism of Herbal Pairs in a Botanical Dietary Supplement : A Case Study of a Liver Protection Health Food ». International Journal of Genomics 2020 (11 avril 2020) : 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9054192.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Herbal pairs are used as a bridge between single herb and polyherbal formulas in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) to provide rationale for complicated TCM formulas. The effectiveness and rationality of TCM herbal pairs have been widely applied as a strategy for dietary supplements. However, due to the complexity of the phytochemistry of individual and combinations of herbal materials, it is difficult to reveal their effective and synergistic mechanisms from a molecular or systematic point of view. In order to address this question, UPLC-Q-TOF/MS analysis and System Pharmacology tools were applied to explore the mechanism of action, using a White Peony (Paeoniae Radix Alba) and Licorice (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma)-based dietary supplement. A total of sixteen chemical constituents of White Peony and Licorice were isolated and identified, which interact with 73 liver protection-related targets. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were then performed along with network analysis. Results showed that the synergistic mechanism of the White Peony and Licorice herbal pair was associated with their coregulation of bile secretion and ABC transporter pathways. In addition, Licorice exhibits a specific response to drug and xenobiotic metabolism pathways, whereas White Peony responds to Toll-like receptor signaling, C-type lectin receptor signaling, IL-17 signaling, and TNF signaling pathways, resulting in the prevention of hepatocyte apoptosis and the reduction of immune and inflammation-mediated liver damage. These findings suggest that a White Peony and Licorice herbal pair supplement would have a liver-protecting benefit through complimentary and synergistic mechanisms. This approach provides a new path to explore herbal compatibility in dietary supplements derived from TCM theory.
14
Patel, Rajesh, Adam C. Faller, Tiffany Nguyen, Zheng Quan, Corey Eminger, Swetha Kaul, Ted Collins et al. « Validation of a Real-Time PCR Assay for Identification of Fresh and Processed Carica papaya Botanical Material : Using Synthetic DNA to Supplement Specificity Evaluation ». Foods 12, no 3 (25 janvier 2023) : 530. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12030530.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Several commercially important botanicals have a lack of diagnostic testing options that can quickly and unambiguously identify materials of different matrices. Real-time PCR can be a useful, orthogonal approach to identification for its exceptional specificity and sensitivity. Carica papaya L. is a species with a lack of available identification methods, and one which features two distinct commercially relevant matrices: fresh fruit and powdered fruit extract. In this study, we demonstrate the successful design and validation of a real-time PCR assay for detection of papaya DNA extracted from the two matrices. We also propose a technique that can be used during exclusivity panel construction, when genuine botanical samples are not available for certain species: substitution with synthetic DNA. We demonstrate the use of this material to complete a comprehensive specificity evaluation and confidently determine suitable Ct cutoff values. Further, we demonstrate how ddPCR can be used to determine the copy number of the target sequence in a set amount of genomic DNA, to which synthetic DNA samples can be corrected, and how it can verify specificity of the primers and probe. Through the presentation of successful assay validation for papaya detection, this work serves as a guideline for how to approach specificity evaluation when non-target botanical samples are difficult to obtain and otherwise may not have been included in the exclusivity panel.
15
URCAN, Adriana Cristina, Liviu Al MARGHITAS, Daniel S. DEZMIREAN, Otilia BOBIS, Victorita BONTA, Carmen I. MURESAN et Rodica MARGAOAN. « Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Beebread – Review ». Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Animal Science and Biotechnologies 74, no 1 (18 mai 2017) : 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-asb:12646.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Beebread is a product of the hive obtained from pollen collected by bees, to which they add honey, digestive enzymes and subsequently is stored in the combs. The bees transform the bee pollen in beebread by an anaerobic fermentation process. A proper hive management promotes beebread collection, aimed at marketing it for human consumption since it can be considered a valuable food supplement due to its content of a wide range of nutrients. Its value is given by the content in protein, amino acids, fatty acids, carbohydrates, mineral salts, polyphenols and flavonoids, which depends on the botanical source of bee pollen. The nutritional and functional composition of beebread is widely reported; nevertheless, few studies on transformation processes of the pollen to improve the availability of the compounds present in this product were found. Overall, beebread is a recent collected and consumed bee product and at this stage it can be used as a food supplement.
16
Zhang, Lynn X., Carolyn Q. Burdette, Melissa M. Phillips, Catherine A. Rimmer et R. Kenneth Marcus. « Determination of Isoflavone Content in SRM 3238 Using Liquid Chromatography-Particle Beam/Electron Ionization Mass Spectrometry ». Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 98, no 6 (1 novembre 2015) : 1483–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.15-112.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract The characterization of marker components in botanical materials is a challenging task, and the increased consumption of botanicals and dietary supplements demands a greater understanding of the associated health benefits and risks. In order to successfully acquire and compare clinical results and correlate health trends, accurate, precise, and validated methods of analysis must be developed. Presented here is the development of a quantitative method for the determination of soy isoflavones (daidzin, glycitin, genistin, daidzein, and genistein) using LC-particle beam/electron ionization-MS (LC-PB/EIMS). An internal standard (IS) approach for quantitation with 7-hydroxy-4- chromone as the IS compound was used, with response factors for each individual isoflavone obtained from calibrant solutions. The results from this method were compared with the certified and reference values for National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) SRM 3238 Soy-Containing Solid Oral Dosage Form to demonstrate that the method was in control. Results obtained using LC-PB/EIMS were consistent with the NIST certified or reference values and their uncertainties for all five isoflavones, demonstrating that the LC-PB/EIMS approach is both accurate and precise when used for the determination of the target isoflavones in soy-containing dietary supplement finished products while simultaneously providing structural information.
17
Salas, Ana, María I. Mercado, Iris C. Zampini, Graciela I. Ponessa et María I. Isla. « Determination of Botanical Origin of Propolis from Monte Region of Argentina by Histological and Chemical Methods ». Natural Product Communications 11, no 5 (mai 2016) : 1934578X1601100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1601100518.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Propolis production by honey bees is the result of a selective harvest of exudates from plants in the neighborhood of the hive. This product is used in Argentina as a food supplement and alternative medicine. The aim of this study was to determine the botanical origin of propolis from the arid regions of Monte of Argentina using rapid histochemical techniques and by comparison of TLC and HPLC-DAD chromatographic profiles with extract profiles obtained from Zuccagnia punctata, Larrea divaricata and Larrea cuneifolia, plant species that grow in the study area as a natural community named “jarillal”. Microscopical analysis revealed the presence of several Z. punctata structures, such as multicellular trichomes, leaflets, stems and young leaves. Remarkable was the richness of the propolis in two bioactive chalcones, also present in Z. punctata resin; these compounds can be regarded as possible markers for propolis identification and justify its use as a dietary supplement, functional food and medicinal product. This study indicates that the source of resin used by honey bees to produce propolis in the Monte region of Argentina is only Z. punctata, a native shrub widespread in this phytogeographical region, while other more abundant species ( L. divaricata and L. cuneifolia) in the region were not found, indicating that this propolis could be defined as a mono-resin, type- Zuccagnia.
18
Tomás, Andreia, Soraia I. Falcão, Paulo Russo-Almeida et Miguel Vilas-Boas. « Potentialities of beebread as a food supplement and source of nutraceuticals : Botanical origin, nutritional composition and antioxidant activity ». Journal of Apicultural Research 56, no 3 (30 mars 2017) : 219–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00218839.2017.1294526.
Texte intégral
19
Yimam, Mesfin, Teresa Horm, Laura Wright, Ping Jiao, Mei Hong, Lidia Brownell et Qi Jia. « UP1306 : A Composition Containing Standardized Extracts of Acacia catechu and Morus alba for Arthritis Management ». Nutrients 11, no 2 (26 janvier 2019) : 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11020272.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by progressive articular cartilage degradation. Although there have been significant advances in OA management, to date, there are no effective treatment options to modify progression of the disease. We believe these unmet needs could be bridged by nutrients from natural products. Collagen induced arthritis in rats was developed and utilized to evaluate anti-inflammatory and cartilage protection activity of orally administered botanical composition, UP1306 (50 mg/kg) and Methotrexate (75 µg/kg) daily for three weeks. Objective arthritis severity markers, urine, synovial lavage, and serum were collected. At necropsy, the hock joint from each rat was collected for histopathology analysis. Urinary cartilage degradation marker (CTX-II), pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6), and proteases (Matrix Metallopeptidase 3 (MMP3) and 13) were measured. Rats treated with UP1306 showed statistically significant improvements in arthritis severity markers, including uCTX-II (91.4% vs. collagen-induced arthritis (CIA)), serum IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels as well as synovial MMP-13. The histopathology data were also well aligned with the severity score of arthritis for both UP1306 and Methotrexate. UP1306, a botanical composition that contains a standardized blend of extracts from the heartwood of Acacia catechu and the root bark of Morus alba, could potentially be considered as a dietary supplement product for the management of arthritis.
20
ÖZKÖK, Aslı, Özgür KORU, Orhan BEDİR, Serdar ÇETİNKAYA, Ömür GENÇAY ÇELEMLİ, Çiğdem ÖZENİRLER, Nazlı MAYDA et Kadriye SORKUN. « Total Bioactive Compounds and Antimicrobial Capacities of Bee Pollen with Different Botanical Origins ». Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Food Science and Technology 78, no 1 (16 mai 2021) : 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-fst:2020.0061.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Bee pollen has many therapeutic properties with its rich chemical content. Especially the phenolic substances in the structure of bee pollen are very effective in showing the bioactive compounds. Thanks to these properties, bee pollen is used as a food supplement. It is known that these features are influenced by many factors such as climate, geography and plant origin. Therefore, it is important to determine the botanical origins of bee products.In this study, botanical origins and total bioactive compounds were determined at the seven bee pollen samples collected from different regions of Turkey. Also, antimicrobial activity of the seven bee pollen samples against seven different bacterial pathogens and one fungal agent using broth microdilution method were studied. Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Cistaceae, Papaveraceae families were found as a dominant in the regions by botanical origins examination. Total phenolic values were found between 24.77 ± 288.824 mg GAE/g and 51.61 ± 727.14 mg GAE/g. Total flavonoid content was 1.36 ± 0.015 mg QE/g and 2.40 ± 0.077 mg QE/g. The antimicrobial results showed that each of the tested bee pollen samples inhibited the growth of the gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria at the different levels while they did not have a complete inhibitory effect on the fungi.
21
Wallace, Robert B., Brian M. Gryzlak, M. Bridget Zimmerman et Nicole L. Nisly. « Application of FDA Adverse Event Report Data to the Surveillance of Dietary Botanical Supplements ». Annals of Pharmacotherapy 42, no 5 (15 avril 2008) : 653–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.1k611.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Background: Concerns have been raised about the sufficiency of dietary botanical supplement (DBS) surveillance in the US. The Food and Drug Administration's Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition's Adverse Event Reporting System (CAERS) represents one of the few existing surveillance mechanisms, but it has not been well characterized with respect to DBS adverse effects. Objective: To characterize data on DBSs associated with adverse event reports submitted to CAERS. Methods: We requested and obtained CAERS data from 1999 to 2003 involving adverse effects associated with the 6 most frequently used DBSs: Echinacea, ginseng, garlic, Ginkgo biloba, St. John's wort, and peppermint. We summarized and characterized the adverse event reports received, focusing on the composition of the DBSs and the nature of associated adverse events. We also cross-referenced reported single-ingredient DBSs with corresponding available product information. A sample of CAERS cases associated with signal DBSs was also characterized in detail. Results: CAERS reports involving ginseng DBSs were most frequently reported during the study period, whereas reports involving St. John's wort were the least frequently reported. Most CAERS reports involved multiple-ingredient DBSs, and 3-13% of reports involved multiple DBSs. Gastrointestinal and neurologic problems were the most common clinical outcomes among single-ingredient DBS-associated adverse events. Conclusions: CAERS surveillance of DBS adverse effects is potentially as effective as other passive surveillance methods, but the number of reports is relatively small, validation is incomplete, and some inconsistencies within reports were found. Reports in CAERS may underrepresent DBS adverse events associated with DBS consumption.
22
Rynders, Corey A., Judy Y. Weltman, Sara D. Rynders, James Patrie, John McKnight, Frank I. Katch, Jay Hertel et Arthur Weltman. « Effect of an herbal/botanical supplement on recovery from delayed onset muscle soreness : a randomized placebo-controlled trial ». Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 11, no 1 (2014) : 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1550-2783-11-27.
Texte intégral
23
Urcan, Adriana Cristina, Adriana Dalila Criste, Daniel Severus Dezmirean, Otilia Bobiș, Victorița Bonta, Francisc Vasile Dulf, Rodica Mărgăoan, Mihaiela Cornea-Cipcigan et Maria Graça Campos. « Botanical origin approach for a better understanding of chemical and nutritional composition of beebread as an important value-added food supplement ». LWT 142 (mai 2021) : 111068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111068.
Texte intégral
24
Colombo, Francesca, Patrizia Restani, Simone Biella et Chiara Di Lorenzo. « Botanicals in Functional Foods and Food Supplements : Tradition, Efficacy and Regulatory Aspects ». Applied Sciences 10, no 7 (1 avril 2020) : 2387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10072387.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In recent decades, the interest in products containing botanicals and claiming “functional” properties has increased exponentially. Functional foods, novel foods and food supplements have a special impact on the consumers, who show significant expectation for their well-being. Food supplements with botanical ingredients are the food area that has witnessed the greatest development, in terms of the number of available products, budget, and consumer acceptability. This review refers to and discusses some open points, such as: (1) the definitions and regulation of products containing botanicals; (2) the difficulty in obtaining nutritional and functional claims (botanical ingredients obtaining claims in the EU are listed and summarized); (3) the safety aspects of these products; and (4) the poor harmonization between international legislations. The availability of these “new” products can positively influence the well-being of the population, but it is essential to provide the consumers with the necessary recommendations to guide them in their purchase and use.
25
Joshi, Vaishali C., et Ikhlas Khan. « Macroscopic and Microscopic Authentication of Chinese and North American Species of Ephedra ». Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 88, no 3 (1 mai 2005) : 707–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/88.3.707.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract Ephedra sinica Stapf or Ma Huang has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for over 5000 years as a bronchodilating and stimulatory agent. In the West, it is popularly used in dietary supplements for weight loss and to enhance athletic performance. Adverse events have been reported following consumption of dietary supplements containing ephedrine alkaloids. There are about 50 known species of Ephedra. The ratio of ephedrine to other alkaloids varies from species to species; all North American species lack alkaloids. The method commonly used in the dietary supplement industry for botanical authentication is to analyze the product for the presence of chemical markers known to be present in the specific herb. However, this method does not ensure that the product contains authentic herb, especially if it has been spiked with chemical marker compounds. In the trade and raw drug market, Ephedra is available in the form of stem cuttings or powders, without any vouchers, thus making identification of the species difficult. Using light microscopy, we can detect the presence of Ephedra herb, even in powder form, and identify within certain limits its geographical origin. Identification of Chinese and North American species of Ephedra has been made easier by developing a key using leaf and internode length as key identification characters.
26
Yimam, Mesfin, Ping Jiao, Mei Hong, Lidia Brownell, Young-Chul Lee, Eu-Jin Hyun, Hyun-Jin Kim et al. « Appetite Suppression and Antiobesity Effect of a Botanical Composition Composed ofMorus alba,Yerba mate, andMagnolia officinalis ». Journal of Obesity 2016 (2016) : 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4670818.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Background. Obesity and its comorbidities continue to challenge the world at an alarming rate. Although the long term solution lies on lifestyle changes in the form of dieting and exercising, drug, medical food, or dietary supplement interventions are required for those who are already obese. Here we describe a standardized blend composed of extracts from three medicinal plants:Morus alba,Yerba mate, andMagnolia officinalisfor appetite suppression and metabolic disorders management.Method. Extracts were standardized to yield a composition designated as UP601. Appetite suppression activity was tested in acute feed intake rat model. Efficacy was evaluated in C57BL/6J mouse models treated with oral doses of 1.3 g/kg/day for 7 weeks. Orlistat at 40 mg/kg/day was used as a positive control. Body compositions of mice were assessed using a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). ELISA was done for insulin, leptin, and ghrelin level quantitation. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) scoring was conducted.Results. Marked acute hypophagia with 81.8, 75.3, 43.9, and 30.9% reductions in food intake at 2, 4, 6, and 24 hours were observed for UP601. Decreases in body weight gain (21.5% compared to the HFD at weeks 7 and 8.2% compared to baseline) and calorie intake (40.5% for the first week) were observed. 75.9% and 46.8% reductions in insulin and leptin, respectively, 4.2-fold increase in ghrelin level, and reductions of 18.6% in cholesterol and 59% in low-density lipoprotein were documented. A percentage body fat of 18.9%, 47.8%, 46.1%, and 30.4% was found for mice treated with normal control, HFD, Orlistat, and UP601, respectively. 59.3% less mesenteric fat pad and improved NASH scores were observed for UP601.Conclusion. UP601, a standardized botanical composition fromMorus alba,Yerba mate, andMagnolia officinaliscould be used as a natural alternative for appetite suppression, maintaining healthy body weight and metabolism management.
27
Roman, Mark C., D. Gray, G. Luo, R. McClanahan, R. Perez, C. Roper, V. Roscoe et al. « Determination of Ephedrine Alkaloids in Botanicals and Dietary Supplements by HPLC-UV : Collaborative Study ». Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 87, no 1 (1 janvier 2004) : 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/87.1.1.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract An international collaborative study was conducted of a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-UV method for the determination of the major (ephedrine [EP] and pseudoephedrine [PS]) and minor (norephedrine [NE], norpseudoephedrine [NP], methylephedrine [ME], and methylpseudoephedrine [MP]) alkaloids in selected dietary supplements representative of the commercially available products. Ten collaborating laboratories determined the ephedrine-type alkaloid content in 8 blind replicate samples. Five products contained ephedra ground herb or ephedra extract. These 5 products included ground botanical raw material of Ephedra sinica, a common powdered extract of Ephedra sinica, a finished product containing only Ephedra sinica ground botanical raw material, a complex multicomponent dietary supplement containing Ma Huang, and a high-protein chocolate flavored drink mix containing Ma Huang extract. In addition, collaborating laboratories received a negative control and negative control spiked with ephedrine alkaloids at high and low levels for recovery studies. Test extracts were treated to solid-phase extraction using a strong-cation exchange column to help remove interferences. The HPLC analyses were performed on a polar-embedded phenyl column using UV detection at 210 nm. Repeatability relative standard deviations (RSD r) ranged from 0.64–3.0% for EP and 2.0–6.6% for PS, excluding the high protein drink mix. Reproducibility relative standard deviations (RSD R) ranged from 2.1–6.6% for EP and 9.0–11.4% for PS, excluding the high protein drink mix. Recoveries ranged from 84.7–87.2% for EP and 84.6–98.2% for PS. The data developed for the minor alkaloids are more variable with generally unsatisfactory HORRATS (i.e., >2). However, since these alkaloids generally add little to the total alkaloid content of the products, the method gives satisfactory results in measuring total alkaloid content (RSD r 0.85–3.13%; RSDR 2.03–10.97%, HORRAT 0.69–3.23, exclusive of the results from the high protein drink). On the basis of these results, the method is recommended for Official First Action for determination of EP and PS in dietary supplements exclusive of the high protein drinks.
28
Asteggiano, Alberto, Loris Curatolo, Valentina Schiavo, Andrea Occhipinti et Claudio Medana. « Development, Validation, and Application of a Simple and Rugged HPLC Method for Boswellic Acids for a Comparative Study of Their Abundance in Different Species of Boswellia Gum Resins ». Applied Sciences 13, no 3 (17 janvier 2023) : 1254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13031254.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The resin of Boswellia plant species has been used since ancient times for its several bio-active curative effects. In modern times, extracts of this resin are still widely commercialized on the food supplements and nutraceuticals market. Nowadays the legislation on botanical extracts and the increasing demand for their safety and traceability are setting new standards for their chemical characterization. In this work we present an easy, feasible and rugged HPLC-UV-based approach for the quantitation of boswellic acids in food-supplement-grade resin extracts of Boswellia plant species. This method can be used for quality control purposes as well as for studying their differences in regional origin, years of harvesting and species-related differences. The method employs a C18 (3 × 150 mm, 3 µm) analytical HPLC column, and the separation is carried out through a gradient of acetonitrile/water with 0.1% formic acid. The method was validated following the ICH guidelines and used to quantitate different samples of commercial resin of Boswellia carteri and serrata together with other samples from unknown species. The six known boswellic acids were identified and quantified in all the analyzed samples. The results were used to build a multivariate model to graphically appreciate their difference through their clustering. The model was then augmented by adding further quantitation data for boswellic acids belonging to different species of Boswellia obtained by another scientific publications to increase the number of studied samples.
29
Matthews, Donald G., Maya Caruso, Armando Alcazar Magana, Kirsten M. Wright, Claudia S. Maier, Jan F. Stevens, Nora E. Gray, Joseph F. Quinn et Amala Soumyanath. « Caffeoylquinic Acids in Centella asiatica Reverse Cognitive Deficits in Male 5XFAD Alzheimer’s Disease Model Mice ». Nutrients 12, no 11 (13 novembre 2020) : 3488. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12113488.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Centella asiatica (CA) is an edible plant and a popular botanical dietary supplement. It is reputed, in Ayurveda, to mitigate age-related cognitive decline. There is a considerable body of preclinical literature supporting CA’s ability to improve learning and memory. This study evaluated the contribution of CA’s triterpenes (TT), widely considered its active compounds, and caffeoylquinic acids (CQA) to the cognitive effects of CA water extract (CAW) in 5XFAD mice, a model of Alzheimer’s disease. 5XFAD mice were fed a control diet alone, or one containing 1% CAW or compound groups (TT, CQA, or TT + CQA) equivalent to their content in 1% CAW. Wild-type (WT) littermates received the control diet. Conditioned fear response (CFR) was evaluated after 4.5 weeks. Female 5XFAD controls showed no deficit in CFR compared to WT females, nor any effects from treatment. In males, CFR of 5XFAD controls was attenuated compared to WT littermates (p = 0.005). 5XFAD males receiving CQA or TT + CQA had significantly improved CFR (p < 0.05) compared to 5XFAD male controls. CFR did not differ between 5XFAD males receiving treatment diets and WT males. These data confirm a role for CQA in CAW’s cognitive effects.
30
Poole, Chris, Brandon Bushey, Cliffa Foster, Bill Campbell, Darryn Willoughby, Richard Kreider, Lem Taylor et Colin Wilborn. « The effects of a commercially available botanical supplement on strength, body composition, power output, and hormonal profiles in resistance-trained males ». Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 7, no 1 (2010) : 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1550-2783-7-34.
Texte intégral
31
Cohen, R. D. H., J. P. Stevens, A. D. Moore et J. R. Donnelly. « Validating and using the GrassGro decision support tool for a mixed grass/alfalfa pasture in western Canada ». Canadian Journal of Animal Science 83, no 2 (1 juin 2003) : 171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a02-068.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This paper presents predictions of pasture composition and liveweight gain of steers using the GrassGro simulation model. Predictions are compared with field data measured during a 4-yr experiment at Brandon, Manitoba, in which steers grazed alfalfa (Medicago sativa)/grass (Bromus biebersteinii and Psathyrostachys juncea) pastures at 1.1 and 2.2 steers ha-1 in continuous or rotational grazing systems. The predictions of average daily gain, mean forage mass and botanical composition were found to accurately reflect the field data. Predictions of digestibility and protein were less accurate and reasons for this are discussed. Steers from the field trial were not considered finished for slaughter directly off pasture. GrassGro was used to examine the effects of feeding a barley supplement to the steers while at pasture. The results indicated that all steers could have been finished at pasture. Simulation indicated that supplementation at pasture makes the stocking rate of 2.2 steers ha-1 more attractive because twice the number of steers could be finished with little additional requirement for barley supplement. Further simulations provided information on the effects of climate variations during a 30-yr period (1967–1996) on steer production in both continuous and rotational grazing systems using a range of stocking rates from 1.1 to 5.5 steers ha-1. Key words: GrassGro, decision support, steers, grass, alfalfa, pasture
32
Sudberg, Sidney, Elan M. Sudberg, Jennifer Terrazas, Sandra Sudberg, Kirtal Patel, Jose Pineda et Bryan Fine. « Fingerprint Analysis and the Application of HPTLC to the Determination of Identity and Quality of Botanicals, from an Industry Perspective ». Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 93, no 5 (1 septembre 2010) : 1367–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/93.5.1367.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract There are many examples of botanical identity methodology currently in use today; all have associated levels of confidence and, hence, application for their intended purpose. This paper addresses the application of some of these methods to identify and qualify commonly traded herbs. The relevance of botanical identity and quality within the dietary supplement industry has seen a dramatic increase in the last several years, and now with the current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMPs) recently published and the requirement for 100% identity testing, there is an increased need for reliable methods of analysis and subsequent interpretation of the results or data derived from these methods, given the diversity of samples and matrixes seen on a daily basis in a commercial setting. Example applications of methods described herein illustrate how one can confidently and effectively satisfy the 100% identity rule of the cGMPs to identify crude raw materials and their powdered or liquid extracts as well as identify a majority of such ingredients in finished products with diverse matrixes. The three techniques discussed in this paper are viewed from a qualitative perspective with primary emphasis on the application of HPTLC to a variety of complex samples with varying degrees of difficulty of analysis and interpretation. The three methods discussed are (1) HPTLC, for its fingerprint/pattern recognition capabilities as well as marker compound analysis; (2) microscopy, for identification/recognition of unique cellular, anatomic features and characteristics of the target plant or adulterants; and (3) HPLC for marker compound identification, quantitation, and/or other fingerprint qualities it may contribute to the data set. To support the applications and methods described herein, this paper presents four key approaches to assist in the interpretation of the data collected in order to correctly determine the identity of botanicals and their powdered extracts: the marker approach, the multicomponent-based approach, the pattern approach, and the multipattern approach, and how these approaches can be used with a vanguard/rearguard strategy in analytical testing as well as forming a basis for the functional fingerprint and the concept of phytoequivalence.
33
Brown, Paula N., Mark C. Roman, C. Chang, C. Jin, R. Kuriyedath, S. Lidstone, L. Ly et al. « Determination of Hydrastine and Berberine in Goldenseal Raw Materials, Extracts, and Dietary Supplements by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with UV : Collaborative Study ». Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 91, no 4 (1 juillet 2008) : 694–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/91.4.694.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract A multilaboratory collaborative study was conducted on a high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method utilizing UV detection, previously validated using AOAC single-laboratory validation guidelines for determination of hydrastine and berberine in goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis L.) raw materials, extracts, and dietary supplements at levels ranging from 0.4 to 6 (w/w). Nine collaborating laboratories determined the hydrastine and berberine content in 8 blind samples. Sample materials included powdered botanical raw materials, whole root material, and 4 finished product dietary supplements containing either goldenseal powdered root material or extract. The materials were extracted with an acidified water and acetonitrile solution. HPLC analyses of the extracts were performed on a C18 column using UV detection at 230 nm. Results for powdered root material and capsule products ranged from about 0.2 (w/w) for each alkaloid to about 4 (w/w) for each alkaloid. Liquid tincture results were approximately 40005000 g/mL for each alkaloid. Reproducibility relative standard deviations (RSDR) for hydrastine ranged from 2.68 to 6.65, with HorRat values ranging from 0.77 to 1.89. RSDR for berberine ranged from 5.66 to 7.68, with HorRat values ranging from 1.32 to 2.12. All finished products containing goldenseal extract yielded HorRat values <2.0. Based on these results, the method is recommended for Official First Action for determination of hydrastine and berberine in goldenseal raw materials and dietary supplement finished products containing powdered goldenseal and goldenseal extract.
34
Warren, Lori K. « 206 Beyond NRC Requirements : The Role of Non-nutritives in Equine Health and Performance ». Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_3 (8 octobre 2021) : 108–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab235.197.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract Billions of dollars are spent annually on dietary supplements, with similarities between products consumed by humans and those offered to horses and other animals. Dietary supplements encompass a variety of substances, some non-nutritive and others recognized as essential nutrients, but all are fed with the intent of providing a health or performance benefit beyond that supported by the normal diet. Though many of these products are sold without sufficient evidence of efficacy, their increasing popularity has driven horse owner curiosity and researcher interest. Over the past two decades, funding for research on dietary supplements in horses has exceeded that spent addressing knowledge gaps in the nutrient requirements of horses. Many of these substances are difficult to study (e.g., herbs, botanical extracts), due to their complex composition, unidentifiable active compounds, or broad biological effects that are difficult to characterize. Others have shown promise for reducing inflammation and improving immunocompetence, including various fatty acids, probiotics, prebiotic fibers, and antioxidants. Among these are well-known nutrients that are either being fed above current requirements (e.g., vitamins, minerals), or are presumed to be essential but requirements have not been established for the horse (e.g., essential fatty acids, amino acids, vitamins). In most cases, the benefits are not realized in an already healthy horse but are instead demonstrable in animals under high stress conditions (e.g., intense exercise, transport) or states of immunocompromise (e.g., inflammatory disease, senior horses, foals). Should dietary supplements be included in discussions of nutrient requirements and a future revision of the horse NRC publication? When does a compound become a nutrient – or a drug? Could there be a situational requirement for a dietary supplement if it returns the animal to homeostasis when the regular diet does not? This presentation will provide fodder for a group discussion on future directions of equine nutrition.
35
Wollman, Ayala, Tehila Daniel et Tovit Rosenzweig. « Sarcopoterium spinosum Inhibited the Development of Non-Alcoholic Steatosis and Steatohepatitis in Mice ». Nutrients 11, no 12 (13 décembre 2019) : 3044. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11123044.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a comorbidity of obesity, which gradually develops from hepatic steatosis into steatohepatitis (NASH) and eventually even into fibrosis or hepatic carcinoma. To date, there has been no specific and effective treatment for NAFLD. Sarcopoterium spinosum extract (SSE) was found to improve insulin sensitivity. Recognizing the intimate link between insulin resistance and NAFLD, the aim of this study was to investigate the effectivity of SSE in the prevention and management of NAFLD at various severities. SSE was given to high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice (steatosis model) or to mice given a Western diet (WD) in the short or long term (NASH prevention or treatment, respectively). SSE reduced body weight accumulation, improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity and prevented the development of hepatic steatosis. SSE also blocked the progression of liver disease toward NASH in a dose-dependent manner. The expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism, inflammation, and antioxidant machinery was regulated by SSE in both models of steatosis and NASH development. However, SSE failed to reverse the hepatic damage in the advanced model of NASH. In summary, SSE might be considered as a botanical supplement for the prevention and treatment of hepatic steatosis, and for slowing the deterioration toward NASH.
36
Taha, El-Kazafy Abdou. « Chemical Composition and Amounts of Mineral Elements in Honeybee-Collected Pollen in Relation to Botanical Origin ». Journal of Apicultural Science 59, no 1 (1 juin 2015) : 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jas-2015-0008.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract This study was conducted at the apiary of the Agricultural and Veterinary Training and Research Station, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. The purpose was to study the relationship between the botanical origin and chemical composition of bee-collected pollen. The amount of mineral elements present in bee-collected pollen was also studied. The composition of pollen loads showed the maximum contents of dry matter, ash, glucose, fructose, magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), and manganese (Mn) for the date palm; the maximum contents of protein, calcium (Ca), and zinc (Zn) for alfalfa; the maximum contents of fiber, and copper (Cu) for the sunflower; the maximum contents of the lipids and iron (Fe) for summer squash; and the maximum contents of sodium (Na), and potassium (K) for rape. Calcium was found to be correlated in a significantly (p<0.01) positive way with K, Na, Mg, P, Mn, and Zn. Copper, though, was correlated in a significantly (p<0.01) negative way with Ca, Mg, P, Mn, and Zn. The high levels of protein, ash, glucose, and fructose, and low lipid content found in bee-pollen from the date palm and from alfalfa, mean that pollen from the date palm and from alfalfa make an excellent food supplement. It was concluded, that the chemical composition of beecollected pollen can be correlated with the plant species from which pollen was collected.
37
Durante, Caterina, Marina Cocchi, Lisa Lancellotti, Laura Maletti, Andrea Marchetti, Fabrizio Roncaglia, Simona Sighinolfi et Lorenzo Tassi. « Analytical Concentrations of Some Elements in Seeds and Crude Extracts from Aesculus hippocastanum, by ICP-OES Technique ». Agronomy 11, no 1 (28 décembre 2020) : 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11010047.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The metal content in some samples of horse chestnut seeds (Aesculus hippocastanum) was monitored over time (years 2016–2019) considering the two most common and representative Mediterranean varieties: the pure species (AHP, which gives white flowers) and a hybrid one (AHH, which gives pink flowers). The selected elemental composition of the samples was determined by applying the Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) technique. Several samples obtained from different preliminary treatments of the peeled seeds were examined, such as: (i) floury samples (wild-type) mineralized with the wet method; (ii) the ashes of both AHP and AHH varieties; (iii) the fraction of total inorganic soluble salts (TISS). Furthermore, the hydroalcoholic crude extracts (as a tincture) were obtained according to the official Pharmacopoeia methods, and the relevant results were compared with those of a commercial sample, an herbal product-food supplement of similar characteristics. The main characteristics of this research work underline that the two botanical varieties give different distinctive characters, due to the Fe content (80.05 vs. 1.42 mg/100 g d.s., for AHP and AHH wild-type flour samples, respectively), along with K, Ca, Mn, Ni and Cu, which are more abundant in the AHP samples. Furthermore, the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to the experimental dataset in order to classify and discriminate the samples, in relation to their similar botanical origin, but different for the color of the bloom. These results can be useful for the traceability of raw materials potentially intended for the production of auxiliary systems of pharmacological interest.
38
Andrews, Karen, Pavel Gusev, Sushma Savarala, Phuong-Tan Tey, Laura Oh, Ronelle Bautista, Renata Atkinson et al. « Comparison of Label Claims, Measured Curcuminoid Content and Dosage Form Performance Quality With Industry Standards for Turmeric Dietary Supplements ». Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (juin 2021) : 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab037_006.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract Objectives Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is a popular ingredient in dietary supplements (DS), promoted for a variety of health effects. FDA label regulations require information on the total weight of each botanical or extract present in a botanical DS, unless it is part of a proprietary blend. Information on the concentration of phytochemicals in extracts is voluntary. DS with turmeric rhizome powders and/or extracts were tested for curcuminoid content and the results compared to label claims and industry standards as part of the Dietary Supplement Ingredient Database (DSID) research program. The performance quality of the dosage forms was also evaluated. Methods Commonly consumed DS (n = 54 × 2 lots) with turmeric as the only or primary ingredient were analyzed for curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin. Certified reference materials, in-house controls and blind sample duplicates were measured to ensure the quality of results from three laboratories. Percentages of total curcuminoids (TC) and ratios of the three curcuminoids were compared to published standards. Voluntary content claims were categorized as “complete” (all listed turmeric ingredients had a TC claim) or “partial” (only one of two had a TC claim). Tablets/caplets (n = 9) and capsules (n = 39) were also tested for disintegration and soft gels (n = 4) for rupture. Results Measured TC amounts varied widely among products. At the most common labeled level of 500 mg of turmeric per day, measured TC results ranged from 16 to 554 mg (n = 12). DS with voluntary claims for TC (n = 41) had analytical content averaging 6.2% above label, and 63% within ± 10% of claims. DS with complete TC claims had significantly higher levels in mg per day than those with partial or no claims (735 ± 87, 137 ± 37, 196 ± 57; mean ± SE, respectively). The curcuminoid ratios and/or the percentages of TC differed significantly from United States Pharmacopeial (USP) standards for at least 10 DS. Most (87.5%) DS passed disintegration tests and all soft gels passed the rupture test. Conclusions Current labeling requirements for turmeric DS may be insufficient to inform researchers and consumers about the actual content of TC in DS because the extract concentrations vary widely. Voluntary claims for TC amounts were reasonably accurate. Most turmeric DS met USP disintegration and composition standards. Funding Sources NIH-ODS and USDA-ARS.
39
Zhou, Wei, Ziyi Chen, Aiping Lu et Zhigang Liu. « Systems Pharmacology-Based Strategy to Explore the Pharmacological Mechanisms of Citrus Peel (Chenpi) for Treating Complicated Diseases ». American Journal of Chinese Medicine 49, no 02 (janvier 2021) : 391–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x2150018x.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP), also known as Chenpi in Chinese, is the dry mature peel of Citrus reticulata Blanco or its cultivated varieties. CRP as the health-care food and dietary supplement has been widely used in various diseases. However, the potential pharmacological mechanisms of CRP to predict and treat various diseases have not yet been fully elucidated. A systems pharmacology-based approach is developed by integrating absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion screening, multiple target fishing, network pharmacology, as well as pathway analysis to comprehensively dissect the potential mechanism of CRP for therapy of various diseases. The results showed that 39 bioactive components and 121 potential protein targets were identified from CRP. The 121 targets are closely related to various diseases of the cardiovascular system, respiratory system, gastrointestinal system, etc. These targets are further mapped to compound-target, target-disease, and target-pathway networks to clarify the therapeutic mechanism of CRP at the system level. The current study sheds light on a promising way for promoting the discovery of new botanical drugs.
40
Li, Chi-Lin, Yang-Hwei Tsuang et Tung-Hu Tsai. « Neuroprotective Effect of Schisandra Chinensis on Methyl-4-Phenyl-1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridine-Induced Parkinsonian Syndrome in C57BL/6 Mice ». Nutrients 11, no 7 (21 juillet 2019) : 1671. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11071671.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. (S. chinensis) is a well-known botanical medicine and nutritional supplement that has been shown to have potential effects on neurodegeneration. To investigate the potential neuroprotective effect of S. chinensis fruit extract, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) was used to induce behavioral disorders and dopaminergic neuronal damage in mice, and biochemical indicators were examined. Male C57BL/6 mice were used to establish the MPTP-induced parkinsonian syndrome model. Open field and rotarod tests were performed to evaluate the overall manifestation of motor deficits and rodent motor coordination. The mice were divided into 8 groups as follows: normal control; MPTP alone (25 mg/kg, i.p.); S. chinensis extract pretreatment (0.5, 1.5, 5 g/kg, p.o.); and S. chinensis extract treatment (0.5, 1.5, 5 g/kg, p.o.). Liquid chromatography coupled to electrochemical detection was used to monitor neurochemicals in the striatum. Tyrosine hydroxylase content was measured by immunohistochemistry, and biochemical antioxidative indicators were used to evaluate the potential neuroprotective effects of S. chinensis fruit extract. The results demonstrated that treatment with S. chinensis fruit extract ameliorated MPTP-induced deficits in behavior, exercise balance, dopamine level, dopaminergic neurons, and tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells in the striatum of mice. Among the pretreated and treatment groups, a high dose of S. chinensis fruit extract was the most effective treatment. In conclusion, S. chinensis fruit extract is a potential herbal drug candidate for the amelioration and prevention of Parkinson’s disease.
41
Liu, Li. « A LONG PROCESS TOWARDS AGRICULTURE IN THE MIDDLE YELLOW RIVER VALLEY, CHINA : EVIDENCE FROM MACRO- AND MICRO-BOTANICAL REMAINS ». Journal of Indo-Pacific Archaeology 35 (2 janvier 2015) : 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.7152/jipa.v35i0.14727.
Texte intégralRésumé :
<p class="1Abstract">Macro- and micro-botanical remains dating from the Upper Paleolithic through early Neolithic periods in North China have provided significant information for reconstructing the changing subsistence patterns as human groups evolved from mobile hunting-gathering societies to sedentary farming communities. Starch analysis on grinding stones, in particular, has revealed much new data that supplement the inventory of carbonized remains recovered by flotation methods. This paper reviews some recent research projects which have documented a long tradition of processing various plants with grinding stones in the Middle Yellow River valley, including tubers, beans, nuts, and cereals. Exploitation of wild millet can be traced back to 23,000-19,500 cal. BP, more than 10,000 years before its domestication. Several species of tuber, acorn, and wild grasses made up significant proportions of staple food during the early Neolithic, when millet domestication was already underway. These new data help us to better understand the extended transitional process to agriculture in the Middle Yellow River region. Archaeobotany is in an early stage of development in China; it is important to employ an interdisciplinary approach for a more complete documentation of plant use in the past and a better understanding of subsistence practices then.</p>
42
Miroddi, Marco, Carmen Mannucci, Ferdinando Mancari, Michele Navarra et Gioacchino Calapai. « Research and Development for Botanical Products in Medicinals and Food Supplements Market ». Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2013 (2013) : 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/649720.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Botanical products sold in the health area are generally intended as drugs, medicinal products, food supplements or substances for therapeutic use. Use of botanicals for improving or to care human health has evolved independently in different countries worldwide. Regulatory issues regarding botanical products designed for the food supplements or medicinal market and their influence on research and development are discussed. European Union (EU) and United States (US) policies regulating these products are focused with comments on the legislations delivered during the last ten years and differences existing in rules between these countries are emphasized. Research and development on botanical products nowdays strongly influenced by the product destination in the market. Addressed and differentiated research for either food supplements or medicinal markets is necessary to purchase data really useful for assessment of safe and effective use for both the categories. The main objective is to catalyze interest of academic and companies' researchers on crucial aspects to be taken into account in the research for the development of botanical products.
43
Jiratchariyakul, Weena, et Gail B. Mahady. « Overview of Botanical Status in EU, USA, and Thailand ». Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2013 (2013) : 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/480128.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The botanical status in EU, USA, and Thailand is different owing to the regulatory status, the progress of science, and the influence of culture and society. In the EU, botanicals are positioned as herbal medicinal products and food supplements, in the US they are regulated as dietary supplements but often used as traditional medicines, and in Thailand, they are regulated and used as traditional medicines. Information for some of the most popular botanicals from each country is included in this review.
44
Fuller, Scott, Allison J. Richard, David M. Ribnicky, Robbie Beyl, Randall Mynatt et Jacqueline M. Stephens. « St. John’s Wort Has Metabolically Favorable Effects on AdipocytesIn Vivo ». Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2014 (2014) : 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/862575.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In addition to serving as a storage site for reserve energy, adipocytes play a critical role in whole-body insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism. St. John’s Wort (SJW) is a botanical supplement widely used as an over-the-counter treatment of depression and a variety of other conditions associated with anxiety and nerve pain. Previous studies in our laboratory demonstrated that SJW inhibits insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and adipocyte differentiation in cultured murine and mature human adipocytes. To investigate the effects of SJW on adipocyte functionin vivo, we utilized C57BL/6J mice. In our studies, mice were administered SJW extract (200 mg/kg) once daily by gavage for two weeks. In contrast to ourin vitrostudies, mice treated with SJW extract showed increased levels of adiponectin in white adipose tissue in a depot specific manner(P<0.01). SJW also exerted an insulin-sensitizing effect as indicated by a significant increase in insulin-stimulated Akt serine phosphorylation in epididymal white adipose tissue(P<0.01). Food intake, body weight, fasting blood glucose, and fasting insulin did not differ between the two groups. These results are important as they indicate that SJW does not promote metabolic dysfunction in adipose tissuein vivo.
45
Yimam, Mesfin, Bruce P. Burnett, Lidia Brownell et Qi Jia. « Clinical and Preclinical Cognitive Function Improvement after Oral Treatment of a Botanical Composition Composed of Extracts fromScutellaria baicalensisandAcacia catechu ». Behavioural Neurology 2016 (2016) : 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7240802.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Dementia and cognitive impairment have become the major concerns worldwide due to a significantly aging population, increasing life span and lack of effective pharmacotherapy. In light of limited pharmaceutical drug choices and the socioeconomic implications of these conditions, the search for safe and effective alternatives from natural sources has gained many attractions within the medical food and dietary supplement industry. Two polyphenol extracts derived from roots ofScutellaria baicalensisand heartwoods ofAcacia catechucontaining free-B-ring flavonoids and flavans, respectively, were combined into a proprietary blend called UP326. A similar bioflavonoid composition, UP446, has been reported with modulation of pathways related to systemic inflammation. To test the effect of UP326 on memory and learning, a radial arm water maze (RAWM) and contextual fear conditioning (CF) were utilized in aged F344 rats fed with UP326 at doses of 3, 7, and 34 mg/kg for 11 weeks. The 7 and 34 mg/kg dosage groups had significantly fewer errors than aged vehicle control animals and their performance was equivalent to young animal controls. In a separate human clinical trial, test subjects orally given 300 mg of UP326 BID for 30 days showed marked improvement in speed and accuracy of processing complex information in computer tasks and reduced their standard deviation of performance compared to baseline and the placebo group. This data suggest that UP326 may help maintain memory, sustain speed of processing, and reduce the number or memory errors as we age.
46
Heinrich, Michael, Jeffrey Mah et Vafa Amirkia. « Alkaloids Used as Medicines : Structural Phytochemistry Meets Biodiversity—An Update and Forward Look ». Molecules 26, no 7 (25 mars 2021) : 1836. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26071836.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Selecting candidates for drug developments using computational design and empirical rules has resulted in a broad discussion about their success. In a previous study, we had shown that a species’ abundance [as expressed by the GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility)] dataset is a core determinant for the development of a natural product into a medicine. Our overarching aim is to understand the unique requirements for natural product-based drug development. Web of Science was queried for research on alkaloids in combination with plant systematics/taxonomy. All alkaloids containing species demonstrated an average increase of 8.66 in GBIF occurrences between 2014 and 2020. Medicinal Species with alkaloids show higher abundance compared to non-medicinal alkaloids, often linked also to cultivation. Alkaloids with high biodiversity are often simple alkaloids found in multiple species with the presence of ’driver species‘ and are more likely to be included in early-stage drug development compared to ‘rare’ alkaloids. Similarly, the success of an alkaloid containing species as a food supplement (‘botanical’) is linked to its abundance. GBIF is a useful tool for assessing the druggability of a compound from a certain source species. The success of any development programme from natural sources must take sustainable sourcing into account right from the start.
47
Morazzoni, Paolo. « Botanicals in food supplements ». Nutrafoods 13, no 1 (mars 2014) : 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13749-014-0007-4.
Texte intégral
48
Castro, Joaudimir, M. V. Balarama Krishna et R. Kenneth Marcus. « Liquid Chromatography-Particle Beam Electron Ionization Mass Spectrometry Method for Analysis of Botanical Extracts : Evaluation of Ephedrine Alkaloids in Standard Reference Materials ». Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 93, no 6 (1 novembre 2010) : 1788–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/93.6.1788.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract The preliminary validation of a high-performance liquid chromatography particle beam mass spectrometry method (HPLC-PB/MS) with electron impact ionization source for analysis of botanical extracts is presented. The LC-PB/MS system was evaluated for the analysis of ephedrine alkaloids using ephedra-containing National Institute of Standards and Technology dietary supplement standard reference materials (SRMs) 3241 Ephedra Sinica Stapf Native Extract and 3242 Ephedra Sinica Stapf Commercial Extract. The ephedrine alkaloids were separated by reversed-phase chromatography using a phenyl column at room temperature. A linear gradient method with a mobile phase composition varying from 5:95 [MeOH:0.1 trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in water] to 20:80 (MeOH:0.1 TFA in water) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, with an analysis time of less than 20 min, was used. The source block temperature was evaluated to determine the optimal operating conditions by monitoring the intensities and fragmentation patterns of the ephedrine alkaloids. Ephedrine and N-methylephedrine were taken as a representative of the test alkaloids. The LODs on the sub-nanogram level were achieved, with ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, and methylephedrine in the SRMs quantified by a standard addition method with recoveries of 86 and RSDs of 14 (N = 3).
49
Prior, Ronald L., et Guohua Cao. « Analysis of Botanicals and Dietary Supplements for Antioxidant Capacity : A Review ». Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 83, no 4 (1 juillet 2000) : 950–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/83.4.950.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract Free radicals and other reactive species are considered to be important causative factors in the development of diseases of aging such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. This relationship has led to considerable interest in assessing the antioxidant capacity of foods and botanicals and other nutritional antioxidant supplements. The use of the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay as a tool for antioxidant assessment is described and proposed as a method for comparing botanical sources and for standardizing nutritional supplements. The free radical or oxidant source is important and direct comparisons cannot be made between procedures that use different sources. The ORAC procedure uses 2,2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride as a peroxyl radical source, which is relevant to biological systems because the peroxyl radical is the most abundant free radical. Other oxidant sources (hydroxyl radical and Cu++) can also be used to characterize antioxidants in botanicals. Phenolics or polyphenolics are responsible for most of the antioxidant capacity in fruits, vegetables, and most botanical antioxidant supplements. Although little is known about the absorption and metabolism of these components, improvement in the in vivo antioxidant status has been observed in human subjects following consumption of antioxidant botanicals. The ORAC method provides a basis from which to establish appropriate dietary intakes that might impact health outcomes.
50
Lu, Zhengfei, Christopher M. Thompson, Tiffany Chua, Silva Babajanian, Yanjun Zhang, Quanyin Gao, Peter Chang et Gary Swanson. « Single-Laboratory Validation of a Two-Tiered DNA Barcoding Method for Raw Botanical Identification ». Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 102, no 5 (1 septembre 2019) : 1435–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/102.5.1435.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract Background: The applications of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) barcoding methods have been extended from authenticating taxonomic provenance of animal products to identifying botanicals used as herbal medicine and in botanical dietary supplements. DNA barcoding methods for botanical identification must be adequately validated to meet regulatory compliance. Objective: The goal of this study is to provide a validation protocol for a two-tiered DNA barcoding method that aims to identify raw botanicals. Methods: A barcode database was computationally validated to define the barcode combinations that can unambiguously identify botanicals in the database. A maximum variation sampling technique was used to capture a wide range of perspectives relating to DNA barcode-based botanical identification, including plant parts and species distance, for the experimental validation. Twenty-two authenticated botanicals were purposively sampled from different plant parts—covering both closely related and distantly related species—to validate the two-tiered DNA barcoding method. The performance of the method was assessed on accuracy, precision, ruggedness, and uncertainty. Results: High accuracy (100%) and precision (1.0) were obtained from the validation samples. The method was also found to be rugged and have acceptable uncertainty. Conclusions: The method was validated and suitable for DNA-based identification of botanical raw materials listed in the current database. Highlights: This work will provide support guidance for manufacturers and regulatory policy makers to implement equivalent validated and compliant DNA-based testing in quality control processes to improve botanical raw material identification and authentication.