Thèses sur le sujet « Bogotá (Colombie) »
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Montezuma, Ricardo. « Les transports urbains : l'organisation, la gestion et le processus d'urbanisation à Bogota ». École nationale des ponts et chaussées (France), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ENPCA001.
Texte intégralDrouilleau, Félicie. « Parenté et domesticité féminine à Bogotá ». Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0476.
Texte intégralThis doctoral thesis offers an analysis of the blood relationships and general kinship between Bogotá’s female house workers in the contemporary period. Through a field work in a closed residence in uptown Bogotá and 71 unstructured interviews and life stories, it aims at better understanding the impact of domestic service on those women’s family lives. In the first place I focused on the Bogotana maids’ marital and sexual habits. The assertion according to which a housemaid cannot afford a conjugal or sexual life has to be qualified for it seems to be trye only of the full-time employees living under the same roof as their employers for more than ten years. Most of the houseworkers I met had a sexual life, even when they were internas. And yet, their sexual habits and marital status do depend on both the migration from a rural to an urban area often necessitated by the houseworking system and the obligation to share the same place of abode with the employers. In a second place I studied Bogotá’s maids’ means to bypass material impediments and fulfill their role as mothers. I pointed out a process of maternal dispossession with the resident maids. They can adopt several strategies of resistance: either they rely on the circulation of children or they choose a daytime job. My last chapter is devoted to the issue of the children’s perception of this process leading to maternal dispossession
Sierra, Cristancho Gina Paola. « Vivre en « Mode Bogotá » : pratiques et représentations dans une ville sous tension ». Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0118.
Texte intégralThis doctoral thesis proposes to widen the question of urban practices and urban representations of security on the basis of the study of three different zones of Bogotá (Colombia): la Candelaria, La Macarena and Usaquén, between 2000 and 2018. The effects of insecurity and violence have been analysed in relation to the social use of public spaces and the town's politics related to these issues. This study is based on the urban experiences of citizens, their living spaces and the ways in which their every-day mobility has been shaped in these central zones of the Colombian capital city.This ethnographic study is also based on the choice of a dialogue between different methods and diverse sources, from semi-directed interviews, to mind maps and institutional documents, but also of representations that are implicit in certain literary works. This approach brings to light the existence of citizens’ skills specific to the Colombian metropolis: a "singular behaviour” in Bogotá that is conveyed through strategies and manoeuvres developed by citizens in order to face tense situations and different types of constraints. The practices and representations of the city are shaped into navigation charts and maps, created by the inhabitants of the studied zones, that condense the deep knowledge of the rhythms, the dynamics and the frontiers of the Bogotano territories.These practices reveal a set of shared codes, recognized and rooted in the urban society, that allow the solving of every-day problems linked to security. This citizen behaviour entails basic skills that have become, over time, a “shared common sense” that an inhabitant of Bogotá must possess in order to master the city in its material dimensions, especially in the territorial ones, but also in the symbolic or immaterial dimensions. This knowledge reveals a distinctive wisdom of the capital-city territory
Parias, Durán Adriana. « Le rôle du secteur locatif dans le marché du logement à Bogota : une approche systémique du marché ». Paris 12, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA123008.
Texte intégralIn the past decade, housing policy in Colombia has suffered profound transformations manifested mainly in the withdrawal of the State from direct participation in the production and financing of housing, in favor of the free action of the market. Research in housing has centered on production, leaving the market relatively neglected. The problematics of rental housing in the popular sectors has been the subject of a great deal of research in Colombia and in Latin America in general. There is less information available about the rental sector in the overall context of Latin-American cities, even though this area is no less important : this type of access to housing is not reserved to poorer families. From a systemic point of view, which priviledges the study of the interrelationships between the sectors constituting the housing market, the present thesis aims to discover why, given families of similar income levels, some occupy rental housing and others own their homes; what logics prevail in this sector; and what function or functions rental housing fulfills in the structure and dynamics of the housing market in Bogotá. The method applied combines a dynamic analysis of the evolution of the market, and a detailed analysis of the segments defined by the house/family relationship, and underlines characteristics of the global market and of the rental sector which are still little-known in Bogotá
Mendoza, Velasquez Cecilia Del Pilar. « Le monde de la rue à Bogota : la débrouillardise comme l'art de faire de la multitude ». Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0148.
Texte intégralThis work makes the hypothesis that the Colombian modern individual arrived to democracy after the absence of protecting state and social unit y, causing the emergence of individual practices. The popular sectors were formed in a fragmented way in Sogota in the same time as modernization and massive urbanization. These sectors built systems of interaction based on Rebusque, or life scratching. The creativity and inventiveness of the actors can be seen in the form of bargaining, exchange and self-management. Their capacity to play with the system using the public space is converted into a huge informal world. The Séptima was choosen as the observation axis of the city, its history and its representations by the citizens. Three elements are explored: the popular individual, the street and the action of life scratching. The rebuscadores have created their forms of socialization, distant and part of the system at the same time
Mejia, Romero Sandra Milena. « Évaluation de la mise en œuvre du programme d'éducation inclusive à Bogota (Colombie) : une analyse des pratiques adaptatives des enseignants en fonction de leurs perceptions à l'égard du programme et de leur sentiment d'efficacité personnelle ». Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67072.
Texte intégralUNESCO (2017) affirms that inclusive education allows recognizing education for everyone as a fundamentalprinciple that promotes students’ success in school. In order to achieve it, governments must review theireducation systems and focus on adaptive teaching practices. In this context, the inclusive education programin Bogota, Colombia was launched in 2017 aimed to enable students with special needs to learn with otherstudents, taking in consideration their abilities. This study proposes an evaluation of the implementation of thisprogram based on an analysis of teachers' adaptation practices according to their perceptions of the programand their sense of self-efficacy. For the analysis, 124 teachers applying the inclusive education programresponded to questionnaires that provided a portrait of the teaching adaptation practices put in place, theirsense of self-efficacy with respect to the implementation of these practices, and describe their perceptions ofthe program. The results show that participants have positive perceptions of the program, a high sense of selfefficacy in implementing adaptive practices, and frequently apply them in response to student specific needs.Furthermore, the consideration of the contextual variables of the program application, in particular the diversityof the specific needs of the students in the class, the teacher's perception of the program as well as theirsense of self-efficacy, make possible to predict a 57% variance in the frequency of use of adaptive practices.These results show the potential of the program and the aspects that need to be improved in itsimplementation. Additional studies to investigate the extent to which students with special needs benefit fromthe implementation of the program should however be carried out.
Clavijo, Poveda Jairo. « Pratiques sociales, identité et violence : étude de barras bravas de football à Bogotà ». Paris 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA030131.
Texte intégralThis thesis presents main outcomes of an ethnographic study of the barras bravas, juvenile groups of hooligans in Bogotá. Research shows how members of the barras bravas exhibit quite heterogeneous social backgrounds, but their behaviors are similar and follow the rules established by the group. Soccer games constitute ritual spaces for members of the barras bravas to express themselves in a specific manner. Inside and outside the stadium, members of the group carry symbols of both collective and individual identity. They use violence as a language to defend their territories. Violence and territory relate to each other. This is not exacerbated violence but “controlled violence. ” The barras bravas reveal soccer as a space that allows a better understanding of youth as social actors and, in this case, a radical group. The barra is a social space that members of the group use to express their opposition to the marginalization of the youth in Colombia
Montoya, Jhon Williams. « Bogotá : crecimiento urbano y cambio morfológico, 1538-2010 ». Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29063/29063.pdf.
Texte intégralCórdoba, Aldana John Harold. « Mobilité internationale et dynamiques résidentielles à Bogotá (Colombie) ». Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00939012.
Texte intégralMérienne, Sierra Maricel. « Le Processus de l'enfant de la rue, ses implications et sa relation avec la problématique infantile colombienne ». Paris, EHESS, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991EHES0056.
Texte intégralIn spite of being a very mediatized theme, and of having been addressed to by many institutions, the problem of children of the street in bagota is far from being solved, and information available has often just contributed to stress a certain image of the child. Our objective was to address the problem in a different way, by locating ourselvesin a group of children of the street during three years and by trying to understand their subculture through participating observation. It was thus possible to determine the specific process which leads to the state of "child of the street", and how the children develop strategies in order to survive. The analisis of institutions related with the child confirmed that society always tries to integrate these children without taking account of this socialization process, by depreciating their subculture and by punishment. Thus, the child rejects institutions or faces unreal alternatives. Therefore, we decided to analyse the problem by entering one of the poor suburbs of bagota. There, the child of the street just appears as one of the many facets of a much wider problem which affects most of the children, without alternative to reproducing poverty
Salas, Vanegas Andrea. « Ségrégation résidentielle et production du logement à Bogotá, entre images et réalités ». Phd thesis, Université de Poitiers, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00303317.
Texte intégralLopez, Rieux Claudia Ximena. « L' aménagement participatif, entre injonction et co-construction : l'expérience de la création du Parc Entre Nubes à Bogotá (Colombie) ». Toulouse 2, 2009. https://hal-univ-tlse2.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01517112.
Texte intégralLa tesis analiza y define el ordenamiento participativo, a partir de un estudio de caso —un parque ecológico metropolitano de montaña— dentro del contexto internacional. Interpela los paradigmas de lo local y de espacio público y señala el nexo entre democracia, tecnocracia y urbanismo. La tesis trata las relaciones entre el individuo, la colectividad y el espacio, revelando la importancia de las representaciones sociales del Otro y del lugar en la construcción territorial multi-escalas. El enfoque histórico invita a utilizar de preferencia la expresión "participación de actores sociales" en la cual el compromiso del sujeto es importante, en vez de participación ciudadana. El estudio se inscribe en el contexto de la urbanización y de la aparición y extensión de periférias pobres en las grandes ciudades y se interroga sobre la ilegalidad o informalidad de su estatus y origen asi que sobre la influencia de las politicas publicas. Se identifican dos procesos paralelos de producción y apropiación territorial, exponiendo aquello que los actores ponen en juego al fijar la reglamentación. A pesar de los esfuerzos de los expertos, portadores de un lenguaje legítimo, para guardar la hegemonía en el ordenamiento, se hace evidente la capacidad de acción y las competencias de los demás actores. El ordenamiento partipativo entre coerción e iniciativa, es llamado a ir más allá del estado de información para llegar a la acción conjunta, sabiendo que el conflicto es esencial y que no hay lugar para el anonimato
The dissertation focuses on participative regional planning through a case study of an Ecological Metropolitan Mountain Park in Bogotá. Taking an international perspective, it addresses issues of local scale and public sphere and emphasizes the relationships between democracy, technocracy and regional planning. The study explores the relationships between the individual and the collective and their spatial practices and stresses the importance of the social representation of the other and the place within the multi-scalar process of territorial construction. Based on an historical analysis, the study points out that participation should be analyzed in terms of commitment of social actors and individuals rather than in terms of citizen participation. The study is carried out within the broader context of urbanization and the emergence of sprawling and deprived neighborhoods in the peripheries of major cities. Stressing the issues of illegality and informality, it questions the origin and status of these peripheries and assesses the influence of public policies. The study highlights two parallel processes of territorial production and appropriation by identifying the challenges confronting the actors as they set up the rules. Despites the attempts of the experts, who are using legitimate language, to maintain their hegemony the capacity of action and the competences of other actors become increasingly visible. Caught between injunction and initiative, participative planning is bound to move beyond a mere information phase and to engage into concerted action while being aware that conflict is an essential part of the process and that there is no place for anonymity
Gouëset, Vincent. « La concentration urbaine en Colombie : de la "quadricéphalie" à la primatie de Bogota : 1930-1990 ». Bordeaux 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR30049.
Texte intégralCamacho, Bonilla Aureliano. « «On ne vend pas la terre», Une zone rurale face aux projets d’expansion de Bogotá : contestations, résistances et négociations ». Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100071.
Texte intégralAt the end of the nineties, the urban transformations produced by processes such as decentralization, which helped to strengthen local governments, and the worldwide diffusion of models of "good governance", profoundly affected the cities and their spaces, seen as recipients of the phenomenon of globalization. Bogotá did not escape these restructuring that affected it at different levels, causing forms of interactions and tensions between different actors. These interactions led to diverse, complex and conflicting situations.On the one hand, this research aims to examine how the intervention of public action through urban projects that propose participation mechanisms, responds to the needs of the inhabitants of the Bogota City, on the other hand, this interventions its generates new resources and forms of collective action. The analysis of the interactions between public actors and opposition groups in regards to territorial planning reveals a series of demands and innovative action repertoires of the mobilized inhabitants.The starting point of numerous studies and researches is the observation of public policy. In a different way this study has privileged the perspective ‘‘from below’’. It means an analysis of the territorial transformation of the city related to the role of the inhabitants as actors that create collective management strategies, resistance, and participation
Beuf, Alice. « Les centralités à Bogotá, entre compétitivité urbaine et équité territoriale ». Phd thesis, Université de Nanterre - Paris X, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00612768.
Texte intégralCuervo, Nicolas. « L’inertie et les changements urbains au prisme des prix du logement : Bogota, 1970-2012 ». Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1067/document.
Texte intégralFollowing the evolution of the gaps in housing and land values between seven sectors of Bogotá between 1970 and 2012, this thesis analyzes the scale of urban socio-spatial transformations. By overlapping urban analysis with the study of real estate markets, this analysis deals with the evolution of already-built areas and their housing prices. In contrast with research that emphasizes the depth and rapidity of transformations in Latin American cities during globalization, our findings show that gaps in housing prices from one area to another remain stable. During the period studied, only in the realm of land value gaps in prices between one area and another did actually widen. The statistical analysis of factors explaining the stability of gaps between housing prices from one area to another reveals that overall stability results from the conjunction of two trends with opposite effects. The spatial diffusion of shopping outlets reduces the gaps in housing prices from one area to another, to the same extent as the symbolic or perceived value of each of these residential areas keeps these gaps in prices entrenched. As for land prices, the densification of buildings explains to some extent the widening gaps in prices between some sectors of the city, but this one factor is not enough to explain the extent of the observed evolutions
Dérégnieaux, Luc. « L'accès au logement des jeunes adultes des quartiers populaires à Bogotá (Colombie) : une approche biographique des mobilités et des choix résidentiels ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes 2, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024REN20014.
Texte intégralThis dissertation focuses on the life courses and residential trajectories of young adults living in Bogotá’s low-income neighborhoods. Its main goal is to shed light on the conditions of access to housing for this population group. This subject of study is both a blind spot in Colombian research and, until very recently, an neglected aspect of housing policies. This research lies at the crossroads of investigations on residential mobility and studies focusing on the passage to adulthood. We opted for a biographical approach, which led us to gather forty life stories in three survey sectors wich were selected to reflect the diversity of low-income neighborhoods in the District Capital. Set against a backdrop of changing socio-spatial dynamics in Bogotá and the increasing complexity of the transition to to adulthood, our analysis of residential paths and choices has led to the production of a series of typologies. Special attention will be paid to the residential practices and lived experience of young adults who had not left their parental home. We will then explore the modalities of decohabitation and their effects on these life courses. Where the trajectories under analysis testify to the increasing reversibility of biographical transitions, we will seek to understand the meaning of returning to their parent’s home and how this is perceived by young people. In addition, we'll be looking at how our respondents perceive the traditional markers of the passage to adulthood, in order to understand their impact on the definition of their residential projects
López, Bejarano Maria del Pilar. « « Hommes fainéants et indolents, femmes dissolues. . . » : paresse et travail à Santa Fé de Bogota (Nouvelle-Grenade), XVIIIe siècle ». Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0017.
Texte intégralThis research explores different aspects of the historical problematic of labour relationships and of the accusations for laziness against people, during the late eighteenth century in the city of Santa Fe of Bogota (New Grenade). In this regards, it approaches the local and urban reforms of the eighteenth century, (The Burbonic Reforms) crossing different levels of analysis from the general position of the Spanish American Colonies within the set of Spanish possessions, to the particular forms of work of the habitants of the city. The perspective adopted is based on a conception of social interactions centred on practices; tensions, agreements, disagreements that defined through their developments the balances of power. It is particularly focused on the mestizo social dynamic that expresses the contradictions of a hybrid social formation, as well as the consequences of ancient regime colonization
Mestré, de Caro Maria del Pilar. « Pronoms de deuxième personne : dynamiques d'emploi en espagnol de Bogota ». Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05H110.
Texte intégralThis research is concerned with the study of the pronouns of address in Spanish from Bogota: usted, tu, vos and sumerce. Macro and micro sociolinguistic approaches are articulated by associating a quantitative study (300 surveys) and a qualitative study (radio and cinema conversations). We also analyze the pronominal form alternation, which consists in the switching from a pronoun to another in the same exchange, with the same interlocutor. These changes are interpreted through the analyses of J. Gumperz about the "code - switching". Our thesis is also based on studies of P. Trudgill and others (P. Kerswill, D. Tuten), about "dialect contact". Interactions between speakers from various dialects of Colombia in Bogota give evidence that in spite of the canonical uses of personal pronouns, where the usted and the tu overlay pragmatic values, similar to the French vous and tu, the allocutionary system in Bogota is moreover characterized by an instability in the use of these forms
Hellebrandova, Klara. « Devenir afrodescendant à Bogotá Catégories, expériences et entreprises d’identification ethno-raciale en Colombie à l’ère multiculturelle ». Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0009/document.
Texte intégralRace is as much social as an analytical category. Its duality represents a challenge for researchers interested in power relations within racialized societies. To study how race is simultaneously reproduced and contested in Colombia’s multicultural racial order, I set out to analyze social actors whose discourses and practices, in interaction with official institutions, contribute to reproduce and transform race and the racial orders within which they are embedded. My focus is on the identity entrepreneurship of racized social and political actors who participate in both the reproduction and transformation of the multicultural racial order. From ethnic leaders to researchers, these actors are many and diverse. Although they may all be described as racial entrepreneurs, this dissertation is centered on a specific group of young Afro-descendants from Bogotá, many of whom come from mixed-race families, are college-educated, are experiencing upward social mobility, and are working with black rights advocacy organizations in Colombia. I will show the importance of these factors for their identification as Afro-descendants through an analysis of their discourses and identity processes. They reproduce and contest the multicultural framework of which they are excluded by broadening the ethnic conception of the Black population to a conception that is directly linked to the historical experience of racism and racialization, one that is embedded within the global context of the African diaspora. Finally, by turning to an intersectional approach, through the analysis of their family and intimate relationships, I will demonstrate how privacy is politicized and politics privatized, to account for the central position of the body and of whiteness in both the racialization process and the strategies that aim at challenging it
Avendaño, Arias Johan Andrés. « Representaciones territoriales de inseguridad, delincuencia y miedo en el espacio urbano de Bogotá : formas simbólicas de apropiación y vivencialidad de la ciudad ». Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0079.
Texte intégralThe representations and the imaginary ones of the urban insecurity in Bogota, determine the ways of experiencing the city, the spaces of life and the social dynamics. For it, in this thesis, one has resorted to the analysis of the public policies, the descriptive statistics, the mental maps and the social cartography, to understand how such spatial representations are constructed, or since he has proposed in this thesis, the toporepresentations of the insecurity in Bogota. This way, there was analyzed the speech of the state authorities, of the citizens, of the men, the women, the children; and ultimately some of the authors were characterized of the toporepresentaciones of urban insecurity of the city
Borda, Carulla Susana. « Protection de l'enfance et régulation sociale en Colombie : ethnologie des foyers communautaires à Ciudad Bolívar (Bogotá) ». Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA05H007.
Texte intégralThe community homes are social child day-care centres, co-managed by the Colombian State and the community, which operate since the 1980s in the vulnerable neighbourhoods of the big Colombian cities. The woman of the house cares for about fifteen children and thus becomes a community mother. The resources provided by the State are managed by associations which gather about twenty community homes. This research studies both the evolution of the community homes on the public scene, and the daily life of the members of an association of beneficiaries of the programme. The author combines the study of a legal corpus which regulates the operation of the community homes and an ethnography conducted in an underprivileged neighbourhood in the southern periphery of Bogotá. With the support of the social regulation theory, the analysis sheds light on the central role played by the community homes in the process of construction of the Colombian nation : within a society burdened by an internal war, child protection is presented as the cornerstone of national integration, a supreme moral value and a lever of social development. The translation into domestic law of the principle of the child's best interest, taken from international legislation, facilitates the institutionalisation of such values. Yet, in the name of these values, the fundamental rights of the community mothers, who have a status of volunteers, and not of employees, are neglected by the State : the community mothers mobilise in order to claim their rights and obtain conclusive results. The mechanisms by which these women are empowered, around their daily child care activities, are exposed. The values associated to child protection thus appear as the bedrock and the driving force of the empowerment of two antagonist social actors : the Colombian State and the community mothers. The light shed on this mechanism, as well as its global anchorage, is intended as a contribution to contemporary anthropology and sociology of childhood. This research also nourishes the juridical debates on the principle of the best interest of the child
Los hogares comunitarios son guarderías gestionadas por el Estado colombiano y por la comunidad, que funcionan en casas de familia en los barrios vulnerables de las grandes ciudades de Colombia desde los años 1980. El ama de casa cuida de una quincena de niños y se convierte así en madre comunitaria, y los recursos puestos a disposición por el Estado son gestionados por asociaciones que agrupan alrededor de veinte hogares comunitarios. Esta tesis estudia a la vez la evolución de los hogares comunitarios en la escena pública, y la vida cotidiana de los miembros de una asociación de beneficiarios del programa. La autora combina el estudio de un corpus de normas jurídicas que regulan el funcionamiento de los hogares comunitarios y una etnografía realizada en un barrio desfavorecido de la periferia sur de Bogotá. Con el apoyo de la teoría de la regulación social, el análisis pone en evidencia el lugar central ocupado por los hogares comunitarios en el proceso de construcción de la nación colombiana: en una sociedad atravesada por una guerra intestina, la protección de la infancia es erigida en motor de la integración nacional, en valor moral supremo y en palanca para el desarrollo social. La traducción en derecho interno del principio del interés superior del niño, que tiene su origen en el derecho internacional, facilita la institucionalización de dichos valores. Ahora bien, en nombre de estos últimos, los derechos fundamentales de la madres comunitarias, que tienen un estatus de benévolas y no de empleadas, son desatendidos por el Estado : las madres comunitarias se movilizan para reivindicar sus derechos y obtienen resultados contundentes. Se exponen los mecanismos de empoderamiento de estas mujeres alrededor de las actividades cotidianas de cuidado de los niños, al igual que los efectos imprevistos del programa en campo. Los valores asociados a la protección del niño aparecen así como base y como motor del empoderamiento de dos actores sociales antagónicos : el Estado colombiano y las madres comunitarias. La descripción de ese dispositivo y de su anclaje global constituye una contribución metodológica a la antropología y a la sociología de la infancia contemporáneas. La tesis alimenta también los debates jurídicos alrededor del principio del interés superior del niño
Rodríguez, Prada María Paola. « La création du Musée national de Colombie (1823-1830) : l'influence scientifique d'un modèle français ». Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010661.
Texte intégralForero-Rodriguez, Diana Elvira. « Multidimensionnalité de l'opportunisme ex post dans les échanges interfirmes et les implications sur sa gouvernance : le cas du petit commerce de détail à Bogota (Colombie) ». Rouen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ROUED002.
Texte intégralThe purpose of this paper is to show a classification of ex post opportunistic behavior, their multiple dimensions and the main antecedents and consequences that impact in such opportunism manifestations, and from there, understand the possibilities offers by governance mechanisms used by firms to control prevent or protect themselves against such behavior. Using an interpretive approach through the method of hermeneutics, we made a qualitative study involving 120 interviews with suppliers and distributors, in order to address the multiple dimensions of opportunistic behavior ex post distribution channels and implications for the governance of commercial trade. Three central aspects were explored: first, existing types of opportunistic behavior, their description and categorization; Second, the context behind the origin of these behaviors or the opportunism antecedents; and third, the implications of the actions or mechanisms of corporate governance in response to this type of behavior and their consequences in commercial trade relations. This approach showed, that it was necessary to address a more exhaustive definition of opportunism and types of ex post opportunistic behavior, thus, it is presented as four distinct forms of opportunism with features, events, history and different consequences for firms. Finally, we present the implications of the study for the governance of opportunism, the general conclusions and some suggestions for future studies
Gonzalez, Perez Marcos. « Fête et nation colombienne : imaginaires sociaux à Bogota aux 18e et 19e siècles ». Paris 8, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA081214.
Texte intégralThis work deals with an analysis of the role, place and scope of the festivities in the process of the construction of te nation in xviiith and xixth centuries. This study deals as well with the elaboration of a typology of the different festivities, in colombia, related to the concept of nation in order to explicit the sociabili- tis and associations related to the different types of the social imaginaries represented in these ceremonies
Arango, López Diego. « Villes capitales en projet : histoire comparative de l'urbanisme moderne : Bogota Buenos Aires. 1920-1955 ». Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0058.
Texte intégralThis research analyzes the simultaneous establishment of three urbanism projects in Bogota and three projects in Buenos Aires between 1920 and 1955. It explores the general characteristics of urbanism projects themselves and seeks primarily to understand the political and social transformations of both cities throughout the history of the projects within this time period. The comparative perspective used here required research in différent archives and libraries of Bogota, Buenos Aires and Paris. A diverse documentary corpus has been constituted with technical, administrative, political, personal, journalistic and other documents. This research allows us to understand how the establishment of similar projects triggers divergent social developments in two different societies. It also analyzes the power struggles between different social and political associations, with focus on the mechanisms used to reinforce their social standing and their action strategies. The research contributes to the reflection on the process of co-production of modem urbanism and proposes a new mode of analysis to understand the urban history of Latin America
Forero, Londoño Fernando Oscar. « La violence scolaire comme problème public : une construction sociale, un discours officiel et des trajectoires des jeunes : une étude de cas ». Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOL010/document.
Texte intégralIt is postulated in this research study, that scholar violence does not exist as a social problem with objective conditions that establish it like something unique of unusual scholar contexts in opposition to ordinary scholar situations. In another way, it is set out as a premise that it is possible to understand the scholar violence like the social structure of a public problem in the educational field. In other words, the research is a perception scheme that visualize a particular way of observing the social relations that students live at school. It is estimated the comprehensive effort arguing that like an expression of an official perception scheme about an educational public problem, the scholar violence unvisualize the social experiences in school young where it is discovered that violence at school is the demonstration of deep disparities of economic and social structures that produce, among others, alarming decline social processes. Thus, since a relational perspective we connect the social conditions of scholar violence production like a social problem and the social experiences of students in youthful condition taking into account the following sociological question: What relation does exist between the social conditions of scholar violence production and the students´ social experiences in youthful condition?
Aldana, Acosta Andrea Carolina. « Impact de trois interventions : méthode mère kangourou, massage en incubateur et massage en position kangourou sur la croissance et le développement des enfants prématurés nés à moins de 33 semaines d'âge gestationnel ». Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27192.
Texte intégralThis research aims to study the impact of interventions by parents in the neonatal intensive care unit. More specifically, the first objective is to document the differential effects of the Kangaroo Mother Care «KMC» with or without the Massage Incubator «MI» or Massage Kangaroo Position «MKP» and Traditional Care «TC» with or without Massage in the Incubator «MI» on physical growth as measured by the weight, height and head circumference during a period of 5 to 15 days in the neonatal unit and impact at 40 weeks gestational age. The second objective is to compare, in children who benefit from the «KMC» value added « MKP» or «MI» on neurodevelopment at 6 and 12 months corrected age of the child. A total sample of 198 children and their families was recruited as follows in three hospitals in Bogota. In each hospital, 66 subjects were randomly assigned to two conditions. These hospitals were selected to test the effects of various experimental conditions and reduce bais selection. In each hospital, two techniques were randomly assigned. In the first hospital, « KMC & MKP» vs. «KMC & MI». In the second, «KMC without massage» vs. « KMC & MI»." In the third, «MI» was compared to «TC» which implies a lack of continuous physical contact babies with their parents. The results reported in the first article are the effect that in the first hospital, there is a compensatory effect of the intervention «KMC & MKP» on the physiological loss of the child's weight early in the first 15 days of life with an impact on weight at 40 weeks of gestational age, the duration of the kangaroo carry and the total hospital stay. No effect on head circumference or size is not appeared. In the second hospital, no significant difference was reported for the weight except when the intervention is started after the 10th day of life while «MMK» child seems to grow better than the «MMK with MI». Finally, in the third hospital there is no effect of massage on anthropometric variables, the group with «MI» slower magnifying a slight impact on weight at 40 weeks. This could be due to the heat loss due to the opening of the incubator when the child is very immature. In the second article, the 66 children from the hospital were randomly assigned to the group « KMC & MKP» vs. the group «KMC & MI », completed at 6 and 12 months corrected age, a neuro-development test, Griffiths. The 6-month results show no difference between the 2 interventions, but 12 months on IQ seems dependent on the number of days of hospitalization of the child, the hospital stay is the time it takes for the child to stabilize physically and also corresponds to the time taken by the mother and child to adapt to the kangaroo method. Once the successful adaptation kangaroo, the mother child dyad out with the child still in the kangaroo position. The hospitalization time is the time it takes for the child to learning the MMK by the mother. At 12 months both groups showed equivalent results, but positive differences emerged for the group «KMC & MKP'' in the subscale Coordination Oculo Manual and Hearing and Language Test Grffiths. Overall, the results suggest that the practice of two non-traditional interventions may help improve physical growth in our cohort. The baby's weight gain in particular is affected by the intervention MKP (Hospital 1) or without the addition of massage (2 Hospital). Moreover, the incubator massage has no significant difference compared to «TC», these interventions, however, have a minor impact (trends) on the neuro development at 6 and 12 months corrected age in this study.
Peña, Reyes Luis Berneth. « La sécurisation de la cité : politiques publiques, actions collectives et pratiques individuelles dans une métropole latino-américaine : Bogota (Colombie) ». Thesis, Rennes 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN20056/document.
Texte intégralThis research analyzes the actions of public institutions, community-based organizations and ordinary people intended to address problems of insecurity in Bogotá (Colombia), mainly in poor neighborhoods. Although the context of insecurity is studied, this research is focused on the actions of securitization in this city, i.e., actions that give life to the process of building urban security. It starts showing the agreements and the divergences about security issues between the national and the local levels of government. It observes that representations´ people about crime problems in poor neighborhoods are permeable to the public controversies about security which use to adopt a very polarized character in ideological terms. In one extreme, the people appropriate this debates in order to justify authoritarian attitudes or, on the contrary, to vindicate other senses of security based on the respect of human rights, like in the case of social organizations. Regardless of the ideological positions, the analysis of everyday practices shows that living in Bogotá involve to exercise and to be submitted to a series of surveillance practices which shape a type of sociability that can be called securonormativy. The research remarks that the actions of securitization are embedded in the everyday appropriation of space, in the conceptions of space, the territorial disputes and the creation of meanings of place
Esta investigación analiza las acciones de instituciones públicas, organizaciones sociales populares y personas del común destinadas a enfrentar los problemas de inseguridad en Bogotá (Colombia), principalmente, en barrios populares. Si bien se explora el contexto de inseguridad en este país y en esta ciudad, el interés está puesto en las acciones de securización, es decir, las acciones que le dan vida al proceso de construcción de seguridad urbana. Muestra los acuerdos y las divergencias que existen entre la escala nacional y la escala local (el distrito capital de Bogotá) sobre políticas de seguridad. Señala también que las representaciones de la gente sobre los problemas de delincuencia en los barrios populares son permeables a las controversias públicas sobre la seguridad que, en términos muy polarizados a nivel ideológico, contraponen actitudes autoritarias junto a acciones colectivas destinadas a reivindicar derechos humanos. Independientemente de las posturas ideológicas, encontramos que vivir en Bogotá implica estar sometido y ejercer una serie de prácticas de vigilancia que configuran un tipo de sociabilidad urbana que llamamos securonormatividad. Todo el análisis puso en evidencia que las acciones de securización participan de las apropiaciones espacio-temporales cotidianas, de las concepciones del espacio, de las disputas territoriales y de la creación de sentidos de lugar
Correa, Mauricio. « Analyse comparative du développement organisationnel des mouvements étudiants dans deux métropoles d'Amérique Montréal et Bogotá (1954-1964) ». Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5682.
Texte intégralDieye, Rokhaya. « Three essays on social interactions and education : theory and application ». Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26041.
Texte intégralThe aim of this thesis is to investigate identification of peer effects and their application on a large set of outcomes, going from school attendance to obesity. The relevance of this research relies on three main points: 1) it allows better measurrement of effects stemming from social interactions, thus providing some answer to the numerous econometric issues that make the study of peer effects a lot challenging; 2) it improves our comprehension of negative social phenomena, including the incidence of school dropouts and obesity; 3) it proposes better public policies aiming at fighting against such phenomena by exploiting social network effects that contribute to amplify them. The different objectives of this thesis are investigated in three different chapters. The first chapter proposes a new strategy for estimating the influence of the social network on individual decisions in a network context using randomized experiments. It combinates the structural social network model developed by Bramoullé et al. [2009] and randomized experiments. New identification conditions that mostly require balance in the characteristics of friends between treatment and control groups are provided. The model is estimated and validated on experimental data collected for the evaluation of a scholarship program in Colombia. By design, randomization is at the student-level. Friendship data reveals that treated and untreated students interact together. Besides providing evidence of peer effects in schooling, the chapter concludes that ignoring peer effects would have led to an overestimation of the program actual impact. The aim of the second chapter is to propose a model that accounts for heterogeneity in peer effects between individual categories in a network setting. Identification conditions of a network-based interactions model that generalizes the one proposed by Bramoullé et al. [2009] are derived, and heterogeneity of peer effects is allowed within and between categories of individuals. Using the Add-Health dataset, the study explores heterogeneity in adolescents weight using both gender and racial categorizations. The results show that the positive endogenous effect found using the homogeneous model is actually heterogeneous when considering both gender and racial categorizations, as for example, females seem to be more influenced by their female friends than by their male friends. While the first two chapters consider friendship networks in an attempt to identify the effects that result from social interactions, the third chapter considers the course-overlaps network. The model is local agregate and has the feature, unlike other studies of peer effects, that the interaction matrix accounts for the extensive and intensive margins. Interactions of this type are better to design school policies. The chapter then proceeds to estimation of peer effects in overall GPA and GPAs in both mathematics and science courses using the Add Heakth and AHAA datasets. The results reveal the presence of positive and significant social interaction effects using both 2SLS and GMM estimation techniques.
Geoffroy, Agnès de. « Aux marges de la ville, les populations déplacées par la force : enjeux, acteurs et politiques : étude comparée des cas de Bogotá (Colombie) et de Khartoum (Soudan) ». Paris 8, 2009. http://octaviana.fr/document/152360883#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Texte intégralPeople forcibly displaced or internally displaced (Internally Displaced Persons, IDPs) are persons "who have been forced or obliged to flee or to leave their homes or places of habitual residence, in particular as a result of or in order to avoid the effects of armed conflict, situations of generalized violence, violations of human rights or natural or human-made disasters, and who have not crossed an internationally recognized State border", according to the United Nations. While the State is theoretically the first and the last responsible for those populations, the interest of the international community towards them has continuously grown during the last twenty years and an increasingly sophisticated humanitarian response system was elaborated. A comparative study between the situations in Khartoum and Bogotá analyses the problems and questions raised by the massive settlement of IDPs into urban areas, as well as the issues that form around these populations, the intervening actors and the strategies they adopt. If, in Bogotá, the policies and the aid system are deeply rooted in and structured by the restitution of human rights, adopting a social and individual approach, in Khartoum, the political response is intrinsically a security and spatial one. However that may be, in both situations, IDPs represent a strongly conflictive and tense issue between the different types of committed actors, whether they are political or humanitarian
Olarte, Bacares Carlos Augusto. « Four essays about the link between improvements of urban transports and criminality in big cities : the case of Bogota ». Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010003/document.
Texte intégralThe aim of this PhD dissertation is to study and reveal the impact of public transports' improvements on the configuration of the crime on a big city like Bogota. First, this research focuses on a calculation of the number of reachable jobs of bogotanians. The effective size of labor market is computed in order to establish if inhabitants have the same degree of accessibility to jobs with respect to their socio-economic situation and with respect to the presence of enhancements of public transports in zones where they live. The presence of improvements of public transports is defined by the presence of Transmilenio system in each zone of the city. Following the same intuition, this research also study, in a second time, the possible endogeneity of the presence of Transmilenio (TM) on the concentration of jobs and on the income of inhabitants of each zone. More precisely, the aim of this analysis is to determine if improvements of public transports may have a causal relation on the localization of jobs and the concentration of highest incomes in the city. The objective of this investigation is to establish that high incomes, jobs centers may be localized, in a big proportion, because of the presence of TM. Following the hypothesis suggested on several studies regarding the fact that criminals prefer to commit their crimes in zones with high density of jobs and in zones with highest incomes (regardless housing zones or job centers), this dissertation follow, in a thirdly, with an ex-ante and ex-post study of the evolution of cNme with respect to the opening of Transmilenio in each zone. The goal ofthis analysis is to establish a causal relation of enhancements of public transports on the evolution of five different types of crimes in each zone. Because of the weakness of available data, results are unfortunately not conclusive but give us an appropriate approximation of the impact that Transmilenio system may have on crime configuration. These results lead to make, on a final instance, a causal analysis for the year on which we have whole data. Results are conclusive: a causal relationship of Transmilenio on three of five types of crime object of this study is confirmed. ln addition, a spatial dependence on the concentration of crimes is also confirmed. It appears that, regardless the positive impacts that it could have, the presence of Transmilenio and hence, the enhancements of public transports in different zones of Bogota make raise sorne kinds of crimes. Even if this research presents sorne limitations that should be solved on future studies, the way how the issue is analyzed provides new perspectives for the comprehension of sorne negative consequences that can thwart positive objectives of urban transport policies. We believe that this PhD dissertation contributes to complement the studies about the effect of urban transports
Gil, Guzman Mario. « El desarrollo de disposiciones durables a la acción colectiva : un estudio de caso sobre la escuela comunidad Instituto Cerro del Sur (ICES) ». Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/24201.
Texte intégralThis is a qualitative investigation, based in the area of sociology of education. This is a case study developed during the year 2010 in the “Cerros Sur” institute. This study aims to show de development of sustainable dispositions in collective action in relation to formal education- Social movements. To do so, we have confronted concepts found in popular education, describing it as a freeing education, with those who describe formal education as a system that reproduces cultural domination, in the case of Bourdieu.
Esta es una investigación cualitativa, en el campo de la sociología de la educación, particularmente es un estudio de caso que se desarrollo en 2010 en el instituto cerros del sur, con el objetivo de dar cuenta del desarrollo de disposiciones durables a la acción colectiva, en la relación escuela formal – movimientos sociales. Para hacerlo hemos confrontado los conceptos de la educación popular, como educación liberadora, con aquellos que describen la escuela formal como reproductora de la cultura dominante, en el caso de Bourdieu.
Lomné, Georges. « Le lis et la grenade : mise en scène et mutation imaginaire de la souveraineté à Quito et Santafé de Bogotá (1789-1830) ». Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MARN0183.
Texte intégralCarrillo, Juan. « Comprendre l’exclusion sociale à la lumière de la reconnaissance : réflexions théoriques sur l’approche d’Axel Honneth et illustration à partir d’une étude de cas à Bogotá ». Thesis, Lyon 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO20002/document.
Texte intégralThe concept of social exclusion might nowadays seem ambiguous and banal, but its underlying processes affect millions of people. The majority of studies in sociology and social policy about the topic mainly analyze its material (and objective) dimension. Despite the progress and importance of these studies, there is also a symbolic (and subjective) dimension to social exclusion – a dimension which has in our opinion only been partially explored and could help to grasp the processes of exclusion from a relational point of view. Our work attempts to examine this symbolic dimension, the moral content of which suggests that exclusion can be perceived as a sign of injustice and more precisely, as a sign of non-recognition.Based on the reflections of the German philosopher Axel Honneth on the notion of recognition, and more precisely on the categories defined as “non-recognition”, we critically draw the theoretical path towards understanding social exclusion in the light of the Honnethian approach to recognition, i.e. towards an analysis of exclusion in terms of non-recognition. Our work also aims to illustrate the link between social exclusion and recognition through a field study consisting of 40 interviews carried out between June 2007 and March 2009 in Bogotá, Colombia. This will not only allow us to analyze the “operational character” of recognition, but more still, to explore to what extent our approach fosters the discovery of new understandings of the process of exclusion, without which a merely “operational” analysis would remain incomplete.The first part of this thesis presents a general overview of the concepts of exclusion and recognition according to the idea that the symbolic dimension of exclusion reveals a moral content that we aim to examine through Axel Honneth’s approach. The second part focuses on examining this moral content as well as the elements that allow an analysis of exclusion following this approach. This analysis is both theoretical and practical as shown by our field study in Bogotá. Finally, the third part uses the interviews to explore to what extent the heuristical potential of the Honnethian approach helps understanding the process of social exclusion
Hoy en día, aunque el concepto de exclusión social es ambiguo, al punto de parecer banal, el proceso al que está asociado afecta millones de personas. La mayoría de los estudios sociológicos y de políticas sociales sobre este proceso suelen hacer énfasis en una dimensión material (y objetiva). Sin embargo, pese a la importancia de estos estudios, existe también una dimensión simbólica (y subjetiva) la cual, desde nuestro punto de vista, no ha sido lo suficientemente explorada y permitiría una mejor comprensión del proceso de exclusión en términos relacionales. Nuestro trabajo busca examinar esta dimensión simbólica tomando en cuenta su contenido moral, el cual sugiere que la exclusión puede ser considerada como el signo de una injusticia, y más aún como el signo de una situación de no reconocimiento.De esta manera, tomando como base las reflexiones del filósofo alemán Axel Honneth sobre la noción de reconocimiento, y de manera más precisa las categorías de “no reconocimiento”, nuestro trabajo marca, con sentido crítico, las pautas del camino teórico que permiten une lectura más precisa de la exclusión social a la luz del estudio honnethiano del reconocimiento, o dicho de otra forma, releva con precisión el camino hacia un análisis de la exclusión social en términos de no reconocimiento. Además, nuestro trabajo busca ilustrar la relación entre exclusión social y reconocimiento por medio de un estudio de caso basado en 40 entrevistas realizadas entre junio de 2007 y marzo de 2009 en Bogotá (Colombia). Dicha ilustración nos permite no sólo analizar el “carácter operativo” del reconocimiento, sino también observar hasta qué punto nuestro trabajo facilita descubrir nuevas comprensiones sobre el proceso de exclusión sin las cuales el análisis “operativo” resulta incompleto.La primera parte presenta una visión global de los conceptos de exclusión y reconocimiento, según la cual la dimensión simbólica de la exclusión revela un contenido moral que proponemos examinar a partir del estudio de Honneth. La segunda parte está consagrada a estudiar dicho contenido moral, así como los elementos que hacen posible un análisis de la exclusión basado en los trabajos de Honneth. Se trata de un análisis teórico ilustrado gracias a un estudio de caso en Bogotá. La tercera parte examina, por medio de una serie de entrevistas, hasta dónde el potencial heurístico de la teoría de Honneth favorece la comprensión del proceso de exclusión social y su eventual atenuación para permitir un análisis más acertado de un fenómeno que requiere considerar su dimensión simbólica, poniendo de presente lo sugerido por el contenido moral que esta tesis expone
Jordan, lozano José. « Transmissions indirectes via l’environnement de pathogènes impliquées dans les gastroentérites aiguës de l’Homme à/autour de Bogotá (Colombie) Contamination of water, leafyvegetables and air by human enteric pathogens (GI and GII noroviruses, rotavirus type A, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Cryptosporidium spp.) in the suburb of Bogotá (Colombia) Mouse intestinal villi as a model system for studies of Norovirus infection ». Thesis, Avignon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AVIG0359.
Texte intégralAcute gastroenteritis affect between a quarter and a half of people in the World each year. They are responsible for significant morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs. Their direct or indirect transmissions via water, food, air or inert surfaces depend on their aetiology (viral, bacterial or parasitic) and the local context. Bogotá and its region have several specificities: wastewater are often discharged into rivers without or after primary treatment only, the deposit in landfill of toilet papers and diapers soiled by excrement, and the low consumption of fruits and vegetables largely restricted to a handful of relatively cheap products that may be irrigated by surface freshwaters heavily contaminated with faeces. Our PhD aimed to assess the fluxes of some human enteric pathogens in the region of Bogotá and to try to relate these fluxes to the population health. The PhD combined three contributions. First, a method for culturing the human norovirus has been developed using isolated mouse intestinal villi as a cell model exhibiting the full diversity of intestinal epithelial cells. Several concentrations of trypsin were tested to activate noroviruses; the method was applied to faecal and environmental samples. Second, contamination with E. coli and some human enteric pathogens was monitored in water (landfill leachate, runoff water, river, irrigation water, drinking water), leafy vegetables eaten raw (chards) and air (above a landfill, in rural areas, in urban areas) in the Bogotá region. Third, the impact of socioeconomic contexts and individual practices (food, hygiene and health) on cases of acute gastroenteritis was assessed from surveys carried out in one district of Bogotá and analysed by various tools (principal component analysis, modelling …). We have shown that mouse isolated intestinal villi allow the infection and replication of human norovirus. The virus has to be activated with trypsin and has an average replicative cycle of 10 h. Villi are efficient in obtaining abundant biological material and are ideal for studying the biological activity of norovirus or for generating antibodies. They made it possible to see infectious noroviruses not detected by molecular method in several faeces and environmental samples; almost all samples positive by molecular method or immunodot-blot contain infectious noroviruses. At the regional level, the discharges of wastewater in the Bogotá and Balsillas rivers and in Tres Esquinas march contaminate the irrigation network of La Ramada area in the northwest of Bogotá with E. coli and potentially human enteric pathogens. Chards harvested in this area were heavily contaminated, in contrast to other growing areas. Their contamination evolved from their production to their purchase in nearby stores, washings increasing or decreasing their contamination, and handling on the merchant's stalls increasing contamination. The air was often contaminated with E. coli and Shigella spp.; it was not possible to detect a particular contribution of the Doña Juana landfill in pathogen aerosolization. The presence of Shigella spp. was observed in parallel in more than half of the stools of people with diarrhoea. Surveys have shown that the annual frequency of acute gastroenteritis decreases with increasing age; it seemed less common in households with elderly people, possibly due to stricter food hygiene practices. A transmission model of acute gastroenteritis distinguishing contamination from outside the households and contaminations between people in the same households did not show significant differences between neighbourhoods. Used to simulate numerical experiments, it suggests working on much higher numbers of surveys
La gastroenteritis aguda afecta entre una cuarta parte y la mitad de las personas en el mundo cada año. Son responsables de importantes costos de morbilidad, mortalidad y asistencia sanitaria. Sus transmisiones directas o indirectas a través del agua, alimentos, aire o superficies inertes dependen de su etiología (viral, bacteriana o parasitaria) y del contexto local. Bogotá y su región aledaña tienen varias especificidades: las aguas residuales a menudo se vierten a los ríos sin o solo después de un tratamiento primario, el depósito de papel higiénico y pañales sucios con excrementos son dispuestos generalmente en un relleno sanitario, y el bajo consumo de frutas y verduras restringido en gran medida a un puñado de productos relativamente baratos pueden ser irrigados por aguas dulces superficiales muy contaminadas con excrementos. Nuestra tesis doctoral tuvo como objetivo evaluar los flujos de algunos patógenos entéricos humanos en la región de Bogotá y tratar de relacionar estos flujos con la salud de la población. El doctorado combinó tres contribuciones. En primer lugar, se desarrolló un método para cultivar el norovirus humano utilizando vellosidades intestinales aisladas de ratón como modelo celular que exhibe la diversidad completa de células epiteliales intestinales. Se probaron varias concentraciones de tripsina para activar norovirus; el método se aplicó a muestras fecales y ambientales. En segundo lugar, se evidenció la contaminación de E. coli y patógenos entéricos humanos en el agua (lixiviados de vertedero, agua de escorrentía, río, agua de riego, agua potable), vegetales de hoja que se comen crudos (acelgas) y aire (sobre un vertedero sanitario, así como en áreas rurales y urbanas) en la región de Bogotá. En tercer lugar, se evaluó el impacto de los contextos socioeconómicos y las prácticas individuales (alimentación, higiene y salud) frente a los casos de gastroenteritis aguda a partir de encuestas realizadas en una localidad de Bogotá y analizadas mediante diversas herramientas (análisis de componentes principales, modelización…). Con este doctorado, hemos demostrado que las vellosidades intestinales aisladas de ratón permiten la infección y la replicación del norovirus humano. El virus debe activarse con tripsina y tiene un ciclo replicativo promedio de 10 h. Las vellosidades son eficaces para obtener abundante material biológico y son ideales para estudiar la actividad biológica de los norovirus o para generar anticuerpos. Ellas permitieron ver norovirus infecciosos no detectados por método molecular en varias heces y muestras ambientales; casi todas las muestras positivas por método molecular o inmunodot-blot contienían norovirus infecciosos. A nivel regional, los vertidos de aguas residuales en los ríos Bogotá y Balsillas y en el humedal Tres Esquinas contaminan la red de riego La Ramada en el noroeste de Bogotá con E. coli y potencialmete con patógenos entéricos humanos. Las acelgas recolectadas en esta área resultaron muy contaminadas, a diferencia de otras áreas de cultivo. Su contaminación evolucionó desde la producción hasta su compra en las tiendas cercanas, los lavados aumentaron o disminuyeron su contaminación y la manipulación en los puestos de comercio aumentaron la contaminación. El aire a menudo estaba contaminado con E. coli y Shigella spp., sin poder atribuir al relleno sanitario Doña Juana un rol particular. A su vez la presencia de Shigella spp. se observó en paralelo en más de la mitad de las deposiciones de personas con diarrea. Las encuestas demostraron que la frecuencia anual de gastroenteritis aguda disminuye respecto al aumento en edad; parecía menos común en hogares con personas mayores, posiblemente debido a prácticas de higiene alimentaria más estrictas. Un modelo de transmisión de gastroenteritis aguda que distinguió la contaminación fuera de los hogares y las contaminaciones entre personas dentro de los mismos hogares no mostró diferencias significativas entre vecindarios
Cañon, Cueca Luz Stella. « Violence scolaire en rapport avec supporteurs de football à Bogota ». Thesis, Dijon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DIJOL012/document.
Texte intégralNo abstract
El propósito de este estudio es caracterizar una de las formas de violencia escolar asociada al fenómeno de las barras del fútbol. Este ha venido tomando fuerza en Colombia, especialmente en Bogotá y las grandes ciudades del país. Así lo evidencian diversos hechos sucedidos en los últimos años, relacionados con la participación de jóvenes hinchas de equipos de fútbol. La aplicación de tipo cualitativo, se llevó a cabo en cinco colegios oficiales de las localidades de Usaquén, Santa fe, Usme, Fontibón y Suba, en Bogotá, con 68 jóvenes escolarizados, a través del modelo de los núcleos de educación social –NES- basados en la Investigación Acción –IA- que involucra a los miembros de la comunidad en el proyecto de investigación y en las acciones de transformación, considerándolos agentes de cambio en el tratamiento de las violencias microsociales.Sus principales resultados muestran que el fenómeno no responde únicamente a motivaciones asociadas al espectáculo del fútbol, como se quiere hacer ver a la opinión pública, sino que se conecta con situaciones estructurales en el manejo de la política de atención de los jóvenes, básicamente en lo que se refiere a los procesos de exclusión y desigualdad de los grupos que las conforman. De manera puntual los problemas de desempleo, acceso a la educación, consumo de sustancias psicoactivas, embarazo temprano, entre otras situaciones, que se han convertido en la fuente del inconformismo juvenil; por otra parte, la respuesta que se ha dado al conflicto que generan en la ciudad ha sido de carácter estrictamente punitivo. Los aspectos anteriormente mencionados aumentan su nivel de vulnerabilidad. Para los jóvenes, vincularse a estos grupos es una oportunidad de ostentar poder frente a sus iguales lo que les permite un empoderamiento en espacios como la escuela y el barrio mismo, que quieren mantener aliándose con grupos al margen de la ley. Esto ha producido destrucción de los edificios escolares y del vecindario, así como lesionados tanto de los jóvenes involucrados en el conflicto como de la comunidad. Finalmente, los medios de comunicación han producido una sobreexposición mediática del fenómeno, al punto que han construido una imagen colectiva que se asocia a peligrosidad e inseguridad, formas estas, desde las que se legitiman ataques y amenazas a jóvenes e incluso una práctica de eliminación sistemática de algunos de ellos que se han asociado con grupos delincuenciales, que azotan a las comunidades
Bocarejo, Juan Pablo. « Évaluation économique de l'impact des politiques publiques liées à la mobilité : les cas de Paris, Londres, Bogotá et Santiago ». Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00937668.
Texte intégralBarbosa, Nicolas. « Quantification par questionnaire de l'activité physique chez les enfants colombiens (QAPACE) : enquête chez les enfants scolarisés de Bogota ». Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA113002/document.
Texte intégralObjectivesThe first statement was to determine the amount of physical activity expressed in expenditure weightedaverage day of a year (DEEmY) energy during the school year and holidays (kJ.kg-1.day-1) in terms ofequivalence caloric and metabolic cost of activities most commonly performed by young people. Thesecond statement was that of defining the relationship between the DEEmY vs age, gender,socioeconomic level (SEL), height, body weight, body surface (BS), the Body Mass Index (BMI),biological age (Tanner), body composition, somatotype and fitness (EUROFIT).MethodsThis descriptive study developed five different phases: the first phase: it was the training of researchers,the second phase: understanding and final questionnaire editing QAPACE, in the third phase: feasibilityand reproducibility of QAPACE in the fourth stage: it was the validation study by direct VO2max (36subjects) by ergospirometry and indirect through the test Leger and the fifth phase cycle was developedin 1840 with the general study subjects. The questionnaire was developed by 13 categories. Forreproducibility and validation of the test-Retest method and comparison of arithmetic by the method ofBland-Altman, Pearson correlation was applied. The data is stored in Visual Fox Pro 6.0 and analyzedusing SPSS 21 statistical program IBM. Means were compared using multivariate linear model applyingtipe II.The values used as fixed variables: gender (male and female), age (8-16 years) and three SEL (six strata:1-2, 3-4 and 5-6); as dependent variables were evaluated: height, weight, leisure time, expressed inhours/day and daily energy expenditure DEE (Kj.kg-1.day-1) during leisure time (DEE-LT) during thetime school (DEE-ST) during the holidays (DEE-VT), and DEE total mean year (DEEmTY).For a post-Hoc analysis was used the minimum significant difference (MSD) with fixed factors,interaction factors descriptive statistics, tests of homogeneity with a significance level of 0.05.ResultsThe questionnaire was correct understanding of the reproducibility intra-Class correlation was r = 0.96(CI 0.95-0.97), the validity of the direct and indirect VO2 was 0.76 (0.66) (p <0.01) and for generalstudy quantifying the average of the DEE of 1840 subjects was 167.98 ± 37.30; for boys (n = 904),absolute value: 6.83 MJ/day, relative: 170.41 ± 39.92 and for girls (n = 936): 6.59 MJ/day (p <0.001)165.64 ± 34.26 (kJ.kg-1.day-1) (p <0.01). The DEE to the school holiday period and was 158.43 ± 42.99and 199.44 ± 18.55 (kJ.kg-1.day-1) (p <0.01) for boys and girls respectively. The DEE during free timewas of 59.86 ± 44.16 for males and 53.81 ± 37.11 (kJ.kg-1.day-1) (p <0.01) for girlsConclusionsOn the basis of good reproducibility and validity of the questionnaire QAPACE applied to students inthe larger study, the DEE (kJ/kg/day) with total body weight or lean weight was less compared to ofother studies giving results for 51% of boys and 61% of inactive girls. Boys were more active than girlsin the post pubertal group (p <0.01). As for the time spent watching TV, it was 4.2 hours/day, and themost popular sports was soccer, cycling, and walking for boys and walking, cycling and skating for
Quintero, Oscar. « Racisme et discrimination à l'université : lectures croisées des sociétés française et colombienne à partir de l'expérience vécue des étudiants noirs à Paris et Bogota ». Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00807356.
Texte intégralOrtega, Maria I. (Maria Isabel). « The provision of services in informal settlements / ». Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61302.
Texte intégralBeltrán, Cruz Lina Marcela, García Ana María Lesmes et Suárez Olga Lucia Niño. « Plan de marketing de servicio doméstico a domicilio en Bogotá, Colombia ». Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/14505.
Texte intégralTesis
Canon, Claudia-Nicole. « The Bavaria Brewery : from brewery to museum, retail shops, and restaurant complex ». Virtual Press, 1991. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/845980.
Texte intégralDepartment of Architecture
Mayorga, Henao José. « Segregación residencial e inequidad en el acceso a servicios colectivos de educación, recreación y cultura en Bogotá-Colombia ». Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2017. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/143772.
Texte intégralEntendiendo que la segregación se trata de un fenómeno espacial, la presente investigación problematiza sobre los factores espaciales que inciden en ella. De tal forma, a través de una reflexión sobre el modelo urbano de Bogotá, describe la influencia que han tenido la informalidad urbanística y los precios del suelo en los patrones de segregación social que se manifiestan en el espacio de la ciudad. Además la investigación problematiza sobre la relación entre segregación y la posibilidad de interacción que tienen los individuos. Va más allá de la identificación de los patrones espaciales de distribución de los grupos sociales e indaga sobre los efectos que tiene la carencia y el déficit en el acceso servicios urbanos en los que se puedan llevar a cabo procesos de interacción social. Por tanto, evalúa si la segregación tiene una relación con las inequidades en el acceso a bienes y servicios y cuál puede ser la influencia que esta tiene sobre la calidad de vida de los grupos socioeconómicos bajos. A partir de análisis espaciales y estadísticos, se muestra cómo las características del modelo urbano de Bogotá, determinado por la informalidad urbanística en el desarrollo del suelo urbano y la influencia de los precios del suelo en el marco de un mercado desregulado, han tenido como consecuencia la consolidación de unos patrones espaciales de alta diferenciación social y una alta segregación de grupos socioeconómicos con baja calidad de vida en la ciudad. Esta segregación refuerza las condiciones negativas de los grupos con calidad de vida baja, producto de la inequidad en la accesibilidad a servicios colectivos en la ciudad, principalmente a equipamientos de educación, cultura y recreación dado que son lugares de producción de capital social y por tanto de integración.
Gómez, Nieto Diego. « El devenir de la música andina colombiana en el colectivo La Distritofónica : el caso del cuarteto de Ricardo Gallo : diálogo entre tópicos, competencias y símbolos nacionales ». Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2014. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/129852.
Texte intégralEl presente trabajo de tesis defiende, desde los conceptos de tópico y competencia musical, la existencia empírica de un tópico alusivo a la música andina colombiana en el disco ‘Los Cerros Testigos’ del cuarteto del compositor bogotano Ricardo Gallo, miembro del colectivo de La Distritofónica. Concretamente –a partir de una metodología documental, de entrevistas y de encuestas con base en los trabajos que el musicólogo Philip Tagg he venido desarrollando desde la semiótica musical– se alude a la existencia de signos musicales de orden sintáctico que, intertextualmente y en razón de unas competencias específicas y estratégicas, permiten la identificación del tópico en repertorios como el citado. Si bien se puede defender la pervivencia de las alusiones a la música andina colombiana en el disco, se defiende también que el tópico realiza nexos intertextuales con otras músicas que colaboran con su significación.
Ordoñez, Caballero Cindy Paola, Morales Dayan Libardo Fernández, Forero Diana Carolina García et Cárdenas Michel Hauzeur. « Gestión de la industria hotelera en Bogotá con enfoque en responsabilidad social empresarial ». Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2016. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/7731.
Texte intégralLa presente investigación tuvo como objeto, describir el estado de la gestión de la industria hotelera en Bogotá con enfoque en Responsabilidad Social Empresarial, a través de la aplicación de los Indicadores ETHOS – IARSE para negocios sustentables y responsables en su versión 3.1 y bajo sus cuatro dimensiones de ejecución. Dicha herramienta fue aplicada a gerentes generales y gerentes de calidad de 8 cadenas hoteleras, cuatro de ellas nacionales y cuatro internacionales que cuentan con hoteles en la ciudad de Bogotá. Las entrevistas a profundidad fueron realizadas en los meses de noviembre de 2015 a febrero de 2016. Una vez finalizadas las entrevistas la data fue procesada por el Software de análisis estadísticos SPSS versión 23.0. El enfoque utilizado en la presente investigación es cuantitativo, su diseño no experimental, de tipo transaccional. El resultado de la investigación concluyó que la gestión de la industria hotelera en Bogotá con enfoque en RSE es alto con 8,007 puntos sobre un puntaje de 10. Acorde a las cuatro dimensiones: Visión y estrategia, gobierno corporativo y gestión organizacional, dimensión social y ambiental; sus puntajes fueron 8,167, 8,419, 8,245 y 7,197 respectivamente. Finalmente, se recomienda, incluir estrategias de reducción de impactos negativos en el ambiente dentro de la visión y estrategia de las empresas; incluir estrategias de monitoreo a la cadena de valor; contar con una mayor participación de los empleados en la construcción de políticas y procedimientos; incluir a los diferentes grupos de interés con el fin de contar con una retroalimentación sobre los impactos de la operación; a nivel ambiental se recomienda tener un seguimiento estricto de la ejecución de los planes de acción
The present investigation describes the actual Hotel Industry Management practices in terms of Corporate Social Responsibility in Bogota, through the application of the 3.1 version indicators ETHOS – IARSE created exclusively for responsible and sustainable businesses, with four scopes of execution. The instrument was applied from November 2015 to February 2016 in order to collect information from General Managers and Quality Managers within the eight main hotel chains, four of them national and four international chains. The information was collected under a qualitative approach and his design is transactional type and non-experimental, because his purpose intends to describe variables and to analyze his impact in a specific moment of time. The data were processed with SPSS software, version 23.0. The investigation concluded that Hotel Industry Management at Bogota, Colombia under the Corporate Social Responsibility approach, obtained a high management applications level, with a score of 8,007 on a scale of 10 points. Analyzing the four scopes of execution a) Strategy and Vision, b) Corporate Governance and Management, c) Social impact and d) Environmental impact, their scores were 8,167, 8,419, 8,245 and 7,197. After the development of the present research, it is recommended to include Company´s vision and strategies focused on the reduction of negative impacts over the environment. Moreover, to include a supply chain monitoring strategy in order to allow companies have a transparent management, as well as a responsible and positive impact in the society. Furthermore, under Governance; the recommendation is to engage employees during the development of corporate policies and procedures. Socially, we advice the engagement of multiple stakeholder to provide operational feedback as well as to allow providers to create or extend forced labor policies. Last but certainly not least, we encourage the close monitoring of strict action plan over the environmental factors.
Tesis
Ibarra, Sánchez Juan Camilo. « Estrategia de renovación urbana para centros históricos : el caso del barrio San Bernardo en Bogotá, Colombia ». Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2014. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/117303.
Texte intégralEl tema de la renovación urbana de áreas centrales en Colombia ha sido de los que más auge e importancia ha tenido en los últimos 10 años, debido a la escases de la tierra que la ciudad presenta, este tema ha sido estudiado desde los diferentes ámbitos, ya sea arquitectónico, urbanístico, económico, legislativo, político, ambiental o social, no obstante aún cuesta llevar a cabo procesos de renovación de manera eficiente. Hoy en día, se continúan analizando y generando nuevas maneras, métodos y leyes, para realizar un proceso de renovación urbana que involucre a los residentes, el distrito y el agente privado, donde se desarrolle una estructura organizacional en la cual cada uno de sus involucrados obtenga beneficios según su aporte, pero que además de generar beneficios físicos y económicos, genere también beneficios ambientales, de calidad de vida y principalmente sociales.
Moreno, Luna Carlos Augusto. « Pobreza y movilidad cotidiana. Realidades en Bogotá y Soacha, Colombia ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/458686.
Texte intégralThe way means of transportation and territory interact has been studied over the years in order to establish the realtion of these two variables. There have been different conclusions, but nevertheless there is no conclusive answer that clearly and precisely argues this relationship. However, it has been possible to determine the existence of a new paradigm that determines the need to establish a relationship between transportation and territory simultaneously, especially to increase the levels of accessibility of populations that live in vulnerability situations. The thesis proposes a research work regarding the implications between transportation and territory, in relation with daily mobility and urban accessibility in a low income population of a developing city like Bogota-Colombia, the thesis also researches a social housing project located in the conurbated municipality of Soacha. The research is developed through the analysis of five main categories that allow us to understand the need to apply correctives in public policy, aimed to increase accessibility of vulnerable population by understanding in a synchronous way the relationship between the territory and the transportation modes. The first three chapters of the thesis are developed as follows, the first one stablishes the research problem, main objectives and questions that will guide the research work. In the second chapter the five main categories of analysis are worked out; socio-spatial segregation, spatial mismatch theory, social capital, grassroots initiatives, and finally community transport. These five themes form the theoretical framework. The third chapter summarizes the main methodologies applied during the research. The second part, analyzes through four case studies, the different forms of interaction between transport and territory. The first case study describes Bogota’s population growth which was marked by a segregative development and some possible solutions to this reality are provided. The second case study compares, in the light of the spatial mismatch theory, the disparities in relation to daily commuting to work in two areas of the city; one of high income and one of low income. The third case study considers proximity displacements as a possible solution to the imbalance mentioned above, the last case study identifies social capital and community participation as a tool for shaping community transportation to solve the problem of accessibility in a new development of social housing in the municipality of Soacha, which is a low-income municipality located to the south of Bogotá.. In conclusion, the thesis highlights the need to think about land use in conjunction with transportation planning, taking into account the needs of the most vulnerable population in order to mitigate inequalities that have been accentuated for more than half a century in a city such as Bogota, allowing the most vulnerable population to have higher levels of accessibility to meet their daily commuting needs and be able to have enjoyment of the city.
Correa, Duarte José Alejandro. « Reducción fonética de las vocales del español de Bogotá (Colombia) ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673154.
Texte intégralLa reducción fonética de las vocales es un proceso de variación sincrónica por medio del cual las características temporales y espectrales de las vocales se modifican por la influencia de factores lingüísticos, orgánicos, estilísticos y expresivos. Los principales efectos de la reducción fonética son la disminución de la duración, la centralización de los formantes y la disminución del espacio acústico. El principal objetivo de esta investigación es determinar la influencia de factores como la velocidad de habla, la tonicidad, la variación contextual, el timbre, el tipo de palabra, el estilo de habla, el sexo del hablante y la variación individual sobre la variabilidad de las vocales del español hablado en Bogotá. Para cumplir con este objetivo, se analizó un corpus de habla leída a velocidad lenta, normal y rápida, y un corpus de habla espontánea teniendo en cuenta parámetros como la duración, las frecuencias de los formantes (F1 y F2), el área de espacio vocálico (AEV), la dispersión, la tasa de centralización de los formantes (TCF), la diferencia absoluta de los formantes (∆F1 y ∆F2), la velocidad de cambio de los formantes (rF1 y rF2) y el índice de centralización ∂. Los resultados muestran que las propiedades temporales y espectrales de las vocales dependen de factores como el entorno consonántico, el timbre, la tonicidad, la velocidad de habla y el sexo del hablante. No encontramos efectos sobre los valores de frecuencia de los formantes relacionados con el tipo de palabra y la posición de la vocal dentro de la palabra y dentro del grupo fónico. El área acústica fue mayor en las vocales tónicas y en las muestras de habla leída a velocidad lenta, y menor en las vocales átonas y en los textos leídos a velocidad rápida. Los resultados indican que la duración y el área del espacio vocálico no presentaron diferencias cuando se comparó el habla leída a velocidad normal con el habla espontánea. Finalmente, concluimos que la variación fonética individual desempeña una función importante sobre la reducción acústica de las vocales del español de Bogotá.
Phonetic vowel reduction is a process of synchronic variation that changes the temporal and spectral characteristics of vowels owing to the influence of linguistic, organic, stylistic, and expressive factors. Phonetic reduction involves vowel shortening, centralized formant values and compression of the acoustic space. The main objective of the current research is to investigate the influence of speaking rate, lexical-stress, contextual variation, vowel quality, word category, speech style, sex, and inter-speaker differences on vowel variability in Bogota Spanish. A corpus of read speech produced at slow, normal, and fast rate, and a corpus spontaneous speech were analyzed by measuring duration, formant frequencies (F1-F2), vowel space area (VSA), dispersion, formant centralization rate (FCR), absolute formant frequency changes (∆F1 y ∆F2), rates of formant frequency (rF1 y rF2) and centralization index (∂). The results show that temporal and spectral properties of vowels depend on several factors such as consonantal context, vowel quality, lexical-stress, speech rate and speaker sex. We did not find clear effects of word category, vowel position within the word, and phrase context on formant frequencies. The vowel space area was largest for stressed vowels and slow speech, and smallest for unstressed vowels produced at fast rate. Results indicated that there were no differences in vowel duration and vowel space area between read speech at normal rate and spontaneous speech. Finally, it is argued that individual phonetic variation plays an important role on the acoustic reduction of vowels in Bogota Spanish.
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Filologia Espanyola