Bibliographies thématiques / Board on Science and Technology for International Development

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Board on Science and Technology for International Development »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 27 juillet 2024

Mis à jour le 28 juillet 2024

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Board on Science and Technology for International Development"

Boury, Tiffany T., John M. Hineman, Jacqueline Courtney Klentzin et George W. Semich. « The Use of Online Technology to Facilitate Pre-Service Teachers' Engagement and Cultural Competency Development during an International Field Placement ». International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Education 9, n^o 3 (juillet 2013) : 65–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jicte.2013070105.

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Student teaching abroad is becoming increasingly popular in many colleges and universities in the United States. This experience can be highly rewarding in terms of developing pre-service teachers’ culture competency, yet can pose challenges for faculty monitoring such placements. Stewart and Kagan (2005) suggest a framework for teacher preparation programs that have recognized the value of international experiences gained when students participate in host countries’ classrooms. This qualitative research collective case study examined the use of a wiki discussion forum as a technology supported communication tool rooted in engagement theory for pre-service teachers to better communicate reflections, questions, or concerns they may have in working with their students during international pre-service teacher experiences. This paper reports the results of an analysis of data collected from an instructor-prompted wiki discussion board used by three student cohorts that participated in international field placements. Results indicated that online technology facilitated student engagement in the experience and that the international placement fostered the development of their cultural competency.

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Adamson, Matthew. « Science Diplomacy at the International Atomic Energy Agency : Isotope Hydrology, Development, and the Establishment of a Technique ». Journal of Contemporary History 56, n^o 3 (26 mai 2021) : 522–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009421997888.

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This essay examines the International Atomic Energy Agency’s (IAEA’s) role in the entry of hydrological isotopic analysis techniques into the developing world. The notion of using radioisotopic tracers for hydrological study came from the initiative of individual scientists, many of whom were interested in measuring the uptake of hydrogen-bomb deposited tritium in the global environment. Their proposals to include isotope hydrology among the range of IAEA activities sparked debate in the IAEA Scientific Advisory Committee and Board of Governors. At stake was not merely the future support of the technique, but the diplomatic role of the IAEA as a provider of atomic energy to the developing world, the relationship of the IAEA to other international institutions, and the articulation of what ‘peaceful uses of atomic energy’ really meant. In the end, the IAEA opted to render conditional support for the landmark Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation and undertook sponsorship of expert panels that brought together isotope specialists and hydrologists. As the essay shows, the IAEA’s agenda for isotope hydrology was not only a matter of technology, linked to instrumentation and technique. As a form of policy entrepreneurship, it also gave the IAEA a new diplomatic role in the larger network of international institutions.

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Chakraverty, S., SO Edeki, I. Adinya, O. González-Gaxiola, Z. Hammouch, TJ Fotso, JN Owino et al. « Preface for International Conference on Recent Trends in Applied Research (ICoRTAR2021) Proceedings ». Journal of Physics : Conference Series 2199, n^o 1 (1 février 2022) : 011001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2199/1/011001.

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The 2nd International Conference on Recent Trends in Applied Research (ICoRTAR2021) is a virtual conference based on enabling platforms to present research results relating to global issues. ICoRTAR2021 is hosted by ResearchAcad HUB with channels and human resources in India, Nigeria, Kenya, Mexico, Morocco, Ghana, and Cameroon. Thus, the conference was held virtually from October 08-09, 2021.The Theme of this second series (ICoRTAR2021) is ‘Effective Research Practices Amidst Covid-19 Pandemic’. ICoRTAR202 aims to bring together faculty members, leading scientists, academicians, research & graduate scholars, industrial professionals, and decision-makers to discuss current trends in research with implications on global phenomena such as COVID-19, economic growth & development, and so on. Basically, the ICORTAR2021 participants discussed extensively vital topics, recent trends, and issues in Applied Science, Mathematical Sciences, Computational Science, Engineering Science, Physics and Nanoscience, Financial Modeling, Artificial Intelligence, and Stochastic Dynamics. Five plenary sessions with different aspects of the ICORTAR2021 Theme were held successfully. The first keynote speaker, Professor Snehashish Chakraverty from the National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, INDIA, spoke on ‘Estimating Corona Positive Cases via Uncertainty Modeling.’ The second keynote speaker, Professor/Dr. Sannan khan, from the University Putra Malaysia, spoke on ‘Online Learning: A Panacea in the Time of COVID-19 Crisis.’ List of editorial board/organizing committee are available in the pdf.

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Suvorova, E. A., V. E. Stepanov et V. L. Olenev. « Analysis of the SpaceFibre technology for the high-bandwidth onboard networks ». Spacecrafts & ; Technologies 7, n^o 2 (30 juin 2023) : 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.26732/j.st.2023.2.02.

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The paper presents an analysis of a prospective international standard SpaceFibre for on board data exchange for different types of aircraft. Paper provides the rationale for using of this standard for new generation on-board networks. The obtained results are based on many years of experience with the SpaceWire/SpaceFibre family of open international standards. The authors present the main problems of SpaceFibre, as well as ways to solve them. The first problem is related to the use of multi-channel data transmission in prospective Russian projects, as well as the need to increase throughput using existing equipment and physical cables. It is necessary to develop new transmission methods and algorithms and create a completely Russian version of the multilane level for the described standard. The second problem relates to the organization of data transmission in SpaceFibre networks with a large number of nodes and a complex scheme of data transfer flows, it is a consequence of an insufficiently developed network level of the standard. The authors give possible ways to solve the identified inconsistences of the standard using the concept of software-reconfigurable networks. The finalization of the SpaceFibre standard in terms of the discussed problems will improve the efficiency of the protocol itself, as well as take into account all possible comments before the stage of creating of a Russian State Standard for SpaceFibre.

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Forman, Jonathan E., Christopher M. Timperley, Pål Aas, Mohammad Abdollahi, Isel Pascual Alonso, Augustin Baulig, Renate Becker-Arnold et al. « Innovative technologies for chemical security ». Pure and Applied Chemistry 90, n^o 10 (25 octobre 2018) : 1527–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0908.

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AbstractAdvances across the chemical and biological (life) sciences are increasingly enabled by ideas and tools from sectors outside these disciplines, with information and communication technologies playing a key role across 21st century scientific development. In the face of rapid technological change, the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), the implementing body of the Chemical Weapons Convention (“the Convention”), seeks technological opportunities to strengthen capabilities in the field of chemical disarmament. The OPCW Scientific Advisory Board (SAB) in its review of developments in science and technology examined the potential uses of emerging technologies for the implementation of the Convention at a workshop entitled “Innovative Technologies for Chemical Security”, held from 3 to 5 July 2017, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The event, organized in cooperation with the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), the National Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine of the United States of America, the Brazilian Academy of Sciences, and the Brazilian Chemical Society, was attended by 45 scientists and engineers from 22 countries. Their insights into the use of innovative technological tools and how they might benefit chemical disarmament and non-proliferation informed the SAB’s report on developments in science and technology for the Fourth Review Conference of the Convention (to be held in November 2018), and are described herein, as are recommendations that the SAB submitted to the OPCW Director-General and the States Parties of the Convention. It is concluded that technologies exist or are under development that could be used for investigations, contingency, assistance and protection, reducing risks to inspectors, and enhancing sampling and analysis.

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Smith, Kevin T. « Reflections by a member of the Editorial Board ». Les/Wood 70, n^o 2 (23 décembre 2021) : 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.26614/les-wood.2021.v70n02a00.

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I thank Co-Editors Ass. Prof. Dr. Jože Kropivšek and Prof. Dr. Katarina Čufar for the opportunity to serve as an Editorial Board member of Les/Wood, an international journal firmly grounded in the broad sweep of Slovene wood science and technology. The Editorial Board works to extend the relevance and impact of Les/Wood within and beyond Slovenia to the international community of wood science and technology in the broadest sense. We see the journal as a tool to support research and development of specific technologies, as well as to develop common terminology. I would like to use this opportunity to sketch out how I came to be involved with wood science in Slovenia. In retrospect that involvement seems inevitable, but the path was not always clear at the time! After completing my postgraduate education in plant pathology and mycology in the USA in 1982, I accepted my current position as supervisory plant physiologist for the USDA Forest Service, a US federal land management agency with a strong commitment to research & development and to international forestry. Throughout my career, my personal research has involved tree growth and wood decay in response to injury, infection, and environmental change. These tree responses affect forest health, the economic value of wood for art and industry, the tree-ring record of environmental conditions, and the performance of trees in urban and community environments. My USDA FS mentor and colleague Dr. Walter Shortle met Prof. Dr. Niko Torelli and Prof. Dr. Katarina Čufar at the IAWA conference in Hamburg (1983) and at the IUFRO World Conference 1996 in Ljubljana, where the two of them were local organizers. Afterwards they obtained a joint Yugoslav American Project, “Possible alterations of wood in air polluted trees”, which defined my earlier collaborations with Professor Torelli and Katarina Čufar on silver fir decline in Slovenia and Europe. Later, Katarina Čufar, Dr. Tom Levanič, and I identified changes in the climatic responses of silver fir in Slovenia and of red spruce in the northeastern US. I also worked with Dr. Primož Oven on special considerations for the health and safety of city trees. Later, Katarina Čufar and I both served on the Executive Council of the Tree Ring Society, an international association for dendrochronological research. We co-taught a tree biology section at the Dendro Fieldweek as part of the World Dendro conference 2010 in Finland. We found that our combination of research experience both intensified and broadened our understanding and presentation of wood structure and function. Since then, we have worked to provide Slovene students and scientists a platform to share techniques and experiences that both extend the science and community of scientists in the international research community. As an active researcher, I see Les/Wood as noteworthy because of the potential breadth of articles reporting on topics from wood mechanical properties to technologies and industrial processing to underlying anatomy and the biological processes that result in wood formation and preservation. In addition to the high level of scholarship and technical expertise within Les/Wood, I find collegiality of spirit, openness of approach, and pride of history and context. These qualities lift up and support ongoing and future research for Slovenia, its geographic surroundings, and the broader world research community. I’m excited at the prospect of Les/Wood extending its traditional strengths to meet the critical need for wood science to optimize wood utilization, ecological understanding, and cultural patrimony.

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Erwin, Terry L. « Conserving Biodiversity : A Research Agenda for Development Agencies. A Panel of the Board on Science and Technology for International Development and the U.S. National Research Council. » Quarterly Review of Biology 68, n^o 2 (juin 1993) : 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/418132.

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El-Hamamsy, Laila Shukry. « Planning and development of rural and semi-urban settlements ». Ekistics and The New Habitat 69, n^o 412-414 (1 juin 2002) : 140–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.53910/26531313-e200269412-414400.

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The author, a cultural anthropologist, Professor Emeritus, Social Research Center, American University in Cairo, and a member of UNESCO's International Bioethics Committee and Egypt's National Bioethics Committee, after completing her Ph. D studies at Cornell University, has been for 25 years Professor and Director of the Social Research Center, American University in Cairo, while also acting as Senior Fellow, Population Center, Harvard University; Senior Visiting Associate, Population Program, California Institute of Technology; Research Project Director, United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, Geneva. Parallel to the above, she has been consultant for, and member of numerous international evaluation missions and expert committees of the UN Economic and Social Department, the UN Population Division, UNFPA, UNESCO, UNICEF, WHO and FAO. She has also been Secretary General of the Organization for the Promotion of Social Sciences in the Middle East; member of the Smithsonian Center for the Study of Man and of the Board of the International Union for Ethnological and Anthropological Sciences; member of the World Society for Ekistics (WSE),of which she was Vice-President for four years. The various distinctions awarded to Dr El-Hamamsy for her overall scientific achievements include the Distinguished Alumni Award of the American University in Cairo and the President Award of the American Anthropological Association. The text that follows is a slightly edited and revised version of a paper presented at the WSE Symposion "Defining Success of the City in the 21st Century," Berlin, 24-28 October, 2001.

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Saud, Norainiza, Sharifah Shahnaz Syed Bakar, Mohd Izrul Izwan Ramli et Muhammad Firdaus Mohd Nazeri. « International Conference on Electronic and Advanced Materials 2021 ». Journal of Physics : Conference Series 2169, n^o 1 (1 janvier 2022) : 011001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2169/1/011001.

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The International Conference on Electronic and Advanced Materials (ICEAM) 2021 was held online on the 2nd November 2021 streaming from Digital Management and Development Centre, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP). This conference was organized by the Center of Excellence Geopolymer & Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), UniMAP, with Tin Solder Technology Research Group (TSTRG) MALAYSIA and The Electronics Packaging Research Society (EPRS) as co-organizer. The conference was also sponsored by the Tin Industry (R&D) Board. The conference was held virtually in order to follow the standard operation procedure imposed by the Malaysian government due to the COVID-19 movement control order and travel restriction. The conference serves as the best platform for sharing and exchanging ideas on Advanced Materials topics such as electronic materials, ceramic materials and geopolymer, bio-materials, polymers and rubber, and composites. The conference aimed to provide a platform for scientists, researchers, and students in the related field to discuss current research progress, challenges, and practical solutions that could be adopted to keep abreast in this challenging world. The program provides networking and cooperation amongst academicians, scientists, researchers, and engineers from the materials sciences and engineering fields. List of Organizing committee is available in this pdf.

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Bavdaz, Marcos, Max Collon, Marco Beijersbergen, Kotska Wallace et Eric Wille. « X-Ray Pore Optics Technologies and Their Application in Space Telescopes ». X-Ray Optics and Instrumentation 2010 (5 octobre 2010) : 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/295095.

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Silicon Pore Optics (SPO) is a new X-ray optics technology under development in Europe, forming the ESA baseline technology for the International X-ray Observatory candidate mission studied jointly by ESA, NASA, and JAXA. With its matrix-like structure, made of monocrystalline-bonded Silicon mirrors, it can achieve the required angular resolution and low mass density required for future large X-ray observatories. Glass-based Micro Pore Optics (MPO) achieve modest angular resolution compared to SPO, but are even lighter and have achieved sufficient maturity level to be accepted as the X-ray optic technology for instruments on board the Bepi-Colombo mission, due to visit the planet Mercury. Opportunities for technology transfer to ground-based applications include material science, security and scanning equipment, and medical diagnostics. Pore X-ray optics combine high performance with modularity and economic industrial production processes, ensuring cost effective implementation.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Board on Science and Technology for International Development"

Stapleton, Ross Alan. « Personal computing in the CEMA community : A study of international technology development and management ». Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184767.

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The dissertation covers a spectrum of issues relating to the creation, acquisition and application of personal computers in the CEMA economies. Personal computing is examined through five stages, each a step in the process of integration of personal computing into the economies. They consider personal computing as: (1) Paradigm, how the Soviets and East Europeans view personal computing and how that relates to Western developments; (2) Technology, with discussion of indigenous capabilities of the CEMA members. Major topics are the Soviet microprocessor inventory, and the mechanisms whereby indigenous capabilities are increased, in particular via technology transfer; (3) Commodity, relating the technologies to actual products and production levels achieved. This stage also considers the availability of external sources (trade) for technology embodied as products; (4) Tool, discussing the products in application. The major application areas, including computer literacy education, are described. (5) Change, summarizing the current and expected social and economic effects of personal computing. The greatest emphasis is placed on the first three stages, which have progressed to the point where strong conclusions may be drawn. Achievements in personal computing application vary greatly across the CEMA community, and the coverage is directed to two case studies of Hungary and the USSR. Analysis of the last stage is necessarily largely speculative. Problems encountered in the promotion of personal computing, almost all arising out of economic and technological deficiencies, have rendered moot many questions related to the social effects of personal computing. The research shows that personal computing, in particular as it acts as a commodity, is largely alien to current CEMA economic management, and that the CEMA economies are having a difficult time in the creation or acquisition and support of PCs. This prevents their appearance in sufficient quantity to be useful as tools, or to effect change. The dissertation concludes with predictions of the nature of personal computing in the CEMA community over the next decade, and an analysis of the current and future relationship of the CEMA community to the rest of the world, especially for technology and commodity transfer from the developed West and newly-industrializing countries.

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McNutt, Ross Theodore. « Reduced DoD product development time : the role of the schedule development process ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/58866.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Technology, Management, and Policy Program, February 1999.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 539-544).
According to the Packard Commission, "Unreasonably long acquisition cycles -- ten to fifteen years for major weapon systems is a central problem from which most other acquisition Problems stem." Since the commission issued its report in 1986, the time required to develop new military systems has only grown. This research and its recommendations are intended to identify and eliminate the causes of those long development times for military systems. This report addresses a key factor in determining the development time for military projects: the project's initial schedule. Part 1 outlines the current situation, previous efforts to reduce development time, and experiences with cutting development time in the commercial sector. It also documents the military product development process. Part 2 identifies a key area--the schedule development process, and its impact on development time--for in-depth research. Through understanding what is driving the initial project schedule and the impact of the initial project schedule on the eventual development time, the author identifies key drivers of development time. Part 3 presents the results of three surveys and analyzes the processes used to develop a project's initial schedule, the process used to develop a contracted schedule, and the impact of these schedules on actual development time. Part 4 presents observations, draws conclusions, and makes specific recommendations for remedial action. The key barriers to reducing development time for military systems are the lack of importance placed on project schedules; the lack of effective schedule-based information and tools; the lack of schedule-based incentives; and the overriding impact of the funding-based limitations on defense projects. The steps necessary to establish a focus on reducing development time are: 1) recognizing the impact of development time, 2) providing the necessary information for decision makers, 3) providing proper incentives at each organizational level, and finally providing a structure to effectively managce the set of all development projects to ensure that each project can be funded based on its development related requirements. Implementing the recommendations and focusing on reducing development time will force other changes in the acquisition process. The focus on reducing the time to develop and field systems will drive the acquisition system to better meet the needs of our warfighters, more rapidly, and at lower cost. Better, Faster, and Cheaper. Even more importantly, shortening development times is critical to develop and produce with limited resources, the right weapons at the right time to deter or to defeat any potential enemy at any time with the minimum cost to our warfighters.
by Ross McNutt.
Ph.D.

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Jackson, Etta Delores. « The Role of Geospatial Information and Effective Partnerships in the Implementation of the International Agenda for Sustainable Development ». Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1594291234482502.

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Baracat, Alyssa Cecilia. « O significado do direito autoral na era da sociedade da informação : um estudo comparado de convenções internacionais ». Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/894.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:12:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4939.pdf: 2773447 bytes, checksum: 937ca96488b0a121f4e65c9ffecd4f77 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-22
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
The Information Society is defined in terms of production, circulation and access to knowledge. Therefore, the copyright became a strategic element to the social, economical, political and cultural configuration of the Information Society. The history of copyright, including the creation of the current international regime for the protection of intellectual property rights, reveals the link established between this category of protection and international political economy. At the same time, new information and communication technologies allow diversification in creating process and access to knowledge, as well as enable the making of new devices which enhance the protection of intellectual assets. This scenario led to the questioning of the forms of regulation of copyright that goes through a process of reconstruction of meaning. The contradiction that is established in the Information Society is emphasized in the field of scientific production and communication, since it involves legitimate social interest as well as principles common to the scientific community. The present study aims to examine this contradiction in the international scenario considering the normative aspects linked to the international copyright protection, evaluating and comparing documents and international regulatory actions of the following international organizations: UNESCO, WIPO and WTO. The objective is to verify, by comparative analysis and data from interviews with key informants, the level of openness of organizations to dialogue with civil society. It will analyze the specific case of the inclusion of Open Access on the Agenda for Development administered by WIPO, and the effects of these debates on the international regime for the protection of intellectual property, as well as on the reconstruction of the legal framework of copyright in Brazil.
A Sociedade da Informação é definida em termos da produção, circulação e acesso ao conhecimento. Por isso, o direito autoral torna-se elemento estratégico para a configuração socioeconômica, política e cultural da Sociedade da Informação. A história da criação do direito autoral, incluindo a formação do atual regime internacional de proteção dos direitos de propriedade intelectual, nos revela o elo que se estabeleceu entre essa categoria de proteção dos bens intelectuais e a economia política internacional. Ao mesmo tempo, as novas tecnologias da informação e comunicação possibilitam a diversificação nos processo de criação e acesso ao conhecimento, bem como permitem a criação de novos dispositivos que intensificam a proteção dos bens intelectuais. Esse cenário provocou questionamento quanto às formas de regulação do direito autoral que passa por um processo de reconstrução de significado. A contradição que se estabelece na Sociedade da Informação é ressaltada no campo de produção e comunicação científica, uma vez que envolve interesses sociais legítimos, além de princípios e práticas comuns à comunidade científica. O presente estudo tem a finalidade de analisar essa contradição no cenário internacional considerando os aspectos normativos ligados ao regime internacional de proteção dos direitos autorais, avaliando e comparando documentos internacionais e ações regulatórias das seguintes Organizações Internacionais: UNESCO, OMPI e OMC. Objetiva-se verificar, pela análise comparativa e dados obtidos em entrevistas com informantes-chave, o nível de abertura dessas organizações para o diálogo com a sociedade civil. Será analisado o caso específico da inclusão do Open Access nas discussões da Agenda para o Desenvolvimento administrada pela OMPI e os efeitos disso para o regime de proteção da propriedade intelectual, bem como para a reconstrução do marco legal do Direito Autoral no Brasil.

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Munoz, Laura C. V. « Spreading The Char : The Importance of Local Compatibility in the Diffusion of Biochar Systems to the Smallholder Agriculture Community Context ». Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/102.

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This thesis enters the context of smallholder agriculture communities in the developing world. It explores the potentials of biochar and what biochar systems could bring to the smallholder communities while simultaneously bringing environmental benefits. It then acknowledges the challenges of diffusion –the spreading of an unfamiliar innovation. It seeks to answer the question of what will make diffusion of biochar systems more successful in the smallholder context, fixating on the characteristic of compatibility as well as the role local community members can play in making a new biochar system more visible to the rest of the communities.

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Etmannski, Tamara R. « Accounting for sustainability in Bengal : examining arsenic mitigation technologies using Process Analysis Method ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:349d4c46-1259-49c1-be2b-46f2cb394894.

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This thesis shows how the Process Analysis Method (PAM) can be applied to assess technologies used to mitigate arsenic from drinking water in rural India, using a set of sustainability indicators. Stakeholder perspectives, gathered from a fieldwork survey of 933 households in West Bengal in 2012, played a significant role in this assessment. This research found that the ‘Most Important’ issues as specified by the technology users are cost, trust, distance from their home to the clean water source (an indicator of convenience), and understanding the health effects of arsenic. It was also found that none of the ten technologies evaluated are economically viable, as many do not charge user-fees, which creates reliance upon donations to meet recurring costs. Utilisation of a technology is strongly related to sociocultural capital, but in many cases, features that contribute to sociocultural value, like regular testing of the treated water, are not included in the financial budget. It is suggested that increased awareness might change attitudes to arsenic-rich waste and its disposal protocols. This waste is often currently discarded in an uncontrolled manner in the local environment, giving rise to the possibility of point-source recontamination. All technologies proved to have difficulties in dealing with waste, except the Tipot and Dug wells which produce no waste. Of the methods considered, the BESU technology scored highest, but still only with 47-62% of the maximum scores achievable within each domain. This explains the widespread failure of mitigation projects across the region. The indicators and metrics show where improvements can be made. A model scheme based on these findings is outlined which could be applied with the objective of increasing utilisation and improving sustainability. It can be concluded that a product stewardship approach should be taken in regard to design, implementation and operation of the technologies, including the creation of a regulated toxic waste collection and disposal industry.

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Trella, Fredrik, et Nils Paakkonen. « Development of a Cost-Effective, Reliable and Versatile Monitoring System for Solar Power Installations in Developing Countries : A Minor Field Study as a Master Thesis of the Master Programme in Engineering Physics, Electrical Engineering ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Fasta tillståndets elektronik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-302815.

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This report is the result of a conducted Minor Field Study (MFS), to the greatestextent funded by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency(SIDA), in an attempt to design a system for evaluating smaller solar power systems indeveloping countries. The study was to the greater part conducted in Nairobi, Kenyain close collaboration with the University of Nairobi. The aim was to develop asystem that would use easily available components and keep the costs to a minimum,yet deliver adequate performance. The system would measure certain parameters of asolar power system and also relevant environmental data in order to evaluate theperformance of the system. Due to the specific competence of the collaboratinggroup at the University of Nairobi, a Kinetis Freescale K64-microcontroller with anARM-Cortex processor was selected as the core of the design. Components wereselected, schematics were drawn, a circuit board was designed and manufactured andsoftware was written. After 12 weeks a somewhat satisfying proof-of-concept wasreached at the end of the field study in Kenya. The project however proved howdifficult it is to go from first idea to a functional proof-of-concept during a limitedtimeframe, and also in an East-African country. The final proof-of-concept was testedat Mpala Research Centre in Kenya and despite containing some flaws proved that itwould indeed be possible to design a working system on the principles discussed inthis report. The system is open-source, so anyone may use and modify it.

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Haile, Yohannes. « Sustainable Value And Eco-Communal Management : Systemic Measures For The Outcome Of Renewable Energy Businesses In Developing, Emerging, And Developed Economies ». Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1459369970.

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Borges, Bruno de Moura. « Technology and Development : The Political Economy of Open Source Software ». Diss., 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/2290.

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This dissertation examines the role of governments in adopting Open Source Software (OSS) for their needs and tries to explain the variation in adoption and implmentation, among both developing and developed countries. The work argues that there are different logics guiding developing and developed countries OSS adoption. As developed countries follow a pattern based on the Varieties of Capitalism model, the difference in OSS adoption in developing countries is a combination of the relation between the state and market forces (especially how business and firms are organized) and state capacity to overcome collective action problems and to reap the benefits of technological upgrade. This dissertation also presents a structured and focused comparison of two cases (Brazil and Mexico) and define which are the factors that matter for the outcomes.

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Dobson, Toby. « Mitigation of political risk in the IT sector in Panama ». 2008. http://arrow.unisa.edu.au:8081/1959.8/50731.

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Livres sur le sujet "Board on Science and Technology for International Development"

National Research Council (U.S..). Board on Science and Technology for International Development., dir. Fisheries technologies for developing countries : Report of an adhoc panel of the Board on Science and Technology for International Development, Office of International Affairs, National Research Council. Washington, D.C : National Academy Press, 1988.

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National Research Council (U.S.). Board on Science and Technology for International Development., dir. Conserving biodiversity : A research agenda for development agencies : report of a panel of the Board on Science and Technology for International Development, U.S. National Research Council. Washington, DC : National Academy Press, 1992.

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National Research Council (U.S.). Board on Science and Technology for International Development., dir. Fisheries technologies for developing countries : Report of an ad hoc panel of the Board on Science and Technology for International Development, Office of International Affairs, National Research Council. Washington, D.C : National Academy Press, 1988.

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Countries, National Research Council (U S. ). Panel on Saline Agriculture in Developing. Saline agriculture : Salt-tolerant plants for developing countries : report of a Panel of the Board on Science and Technology for International Development, Office of International Affairs, National Research Council. Washington, DC : National Academy Press, 1990.

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Board on Science and Technology for International Development., dir. Saline agriculture salt-tolerant plants for developing countries : Report of a Panel of the Board on Science and Technology for International Development Office of International Affairs National Research Council. Washington, DC : National Academy Press, 1990.

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National Research Council (U.S.). Board on Science and Technology for International Development., dir. Conserving biodiversity : A research agenda fordevelopment agencies : report of a panel of the Board on Science and Technology for International Development, U.S. National Research Council. Washington, DC : National Academy Press, 1992.

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National Research Council (U.S.). Board on Science and Technology for International Development., dir. Neem : A tree for solving global problems : report of an ad hoc panel of the Board on Science and Technology for International Development, National Research Council. Washington, D.C : National Academy Press, 1992.

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South Africa. Dept. of Science & Technology. et Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development., dir. Integrating science & technology into development policies : An international perspective. Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2007.

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Annerstedt, Jan. Science and technology for development : Scandinavian efforts to foster development research and transfer resources for research and experimental development to developing countries. [Paris] : Unesco, 1986.

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International, Symposium on Science Technology and Development (1987 New Delhi India). International Symposium on Science, Technology, and Development, March 1987 : Selected papers. New Delhi : N.P. Gupta, Organising Secretary, 1989.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Board on Science and Technology for International Development"

Haule, John James. « A Model for Telecommunication Development in Africa ». Dans International Science and Technology, 151–58. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11672-0_9.

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Mtewa, Mekki. « Science and Technology for Development : Theory and Practice ». Dans International Science and Technology, 3–26. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11672-0_1.

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Román, Eufronio Carreño. « Economic Development in Latin America : The Brazilian Experience ». Dans International Science and Technology, 189–201. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11672-0_12.

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Najafizadeh, Mehrangiz, et Lewis A. Mennerick. « Educational Ideologies and Technical Development in the Third World ». Dans International Science and Technology, 29–42. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11672-0_2.

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Mtewa, Mekki. « Experts, Advisers and Consultants in Science, Technology and Development Policy ». Dans International Science and Technology, 75–117. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11672-0_5.

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Lang, Marvel A. « Southern African Urban Development : Prospects for Involvement of American Institutions ». Dans International Science and Technology, 132–40. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11672-0_7.

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Grunig, Larissa A., et James E. Grunig. « Strategies for Communicating on Innovative Management with Receptive Individuals in Development Organizations ». Dans International Science and Technology, 118–31. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11672-0_6.

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Bandyopadhyay, Madhusudan. « International Science, Technology and Innovation Diplomacy : Global Initiatives ». Dans Research for Development, 33–47. Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6802-0_3.

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Qimin, Zhan. « Science and Technology Innovation and International Biomedical Development ». Dans China’s Opportunities for Development in an Era of Great Global Change, 175–91. Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1199-8_11.

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Siddiqui, Azher Majid, et Sameen Ahmed Khan. « Need to Create International Science Centres in Arab Countries ». Dans Light-Based Science : Technology and Sustainable Development, 205–20. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 : CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315155081-16.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Board on Science and Technology for International Development"

Fernández-Isabel, Alberto, Isaac Martín de Diego, Marina Cuesta, Carmen Lancho et Javier M. Moguerza. « DSGAME KIDS : LEARNING DATA SCIENCE PROJECTS THROUGH A STORYTELLING BOARD GAME ». Dans 17th International Technology, Education and Development Conference. IATED, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/inted.2023.0286.

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Ji, Ren, Zhang Fengming et Fan Xiaoguang. « Research on the System Development Method Based on Soft-Board ». Dans 2009 International Forum on Computer Science-Technology and Applications. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ifcsta.2009.276.

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Harja, Herman, Heri Setiawan, Dede Muslim, Akil Priyamanggala et Rahma Kurniawan. « Preliminary Development of Concrete 3D Printing Machine Controller Based on Mach3 Control Board ». Dans International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Engineering Science. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0011958800003575.

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« STRA Conference Proceedings 2023 - Volume 3 ». Dans International Conference on Science & Technology. Scientific & Technical Research Association, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.20319/icstr.2023.v3.

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Scientific and Technical Research Association (STRA) is an international community of researchers, practitioners, students, and educationists for the development and spread of ideas in the field of science and technology. STRA is promoted by Eurasia Research. STRA aims to bring together worldwide researchers and professionals, encourage intellectual development, and treat opportunities for networking and collaboration. These objectives are achieved through academic networking, meetings, conferences, workshops, projects, research publications, academic awards, and scholarships. The driving force behind this association is its diverse members and advisory board, who provide inspiration, ideas, efforts and drive collaborations. Scholars, Researchers, Professionals are invited to become a member of STRA and join this ever-growing network, working for benefit of society and research with the spirit of sharing and mutual growth. Salient Features:  15000 + and growing network of professionals  Professional and Experienced team  Conferences in Asia, Europe & Africa  Events at reputed institutes and grand venues  Lifetime membership  Strong Social Media Platform for networking  Young Researcher Scholarships  Research publication in international journals

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Linna, Jukka. « STAFF REPRESENTATIVE ON BOARD OF UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES – HOW TO DEFEND EDUCATION AND INTERESTS OF UNIVERSITY COMMUNITY ». Dans 17th International Technology, Education and Development Conference. IATED, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/inted.2023.0119.

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Olvera Balderas, Jose Armando, Martin Aaron Trejo Estrella, Julio Cesar Sosa Savedra et Ruben Ortega Gonzalez. « Development of a sensing board for current and voltage AC tested with an oversampling technique ». Dans 2019 IEEE International Conference on Applied Science and Advanced Technology (iCASAT). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icasat48251.2019.9069528.

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Mukerjee, S., et C. De Minco. « The Vision for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells : Development of a SOFC APU for the Transportation Industry ». Dans ASME 2003 1st International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2003-1760.

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Delphi Corporation is developing Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) technology for applications in the transportation and residential markets. Delphi is developing this technology for the automotive and heavy duty trucking markets primarily as an on-board Auxiliary Power Unit (APU). In the first application of this program, the APU will be used to power “hotel loads” i.e. an electric air conditioning system without the need for operating the vehicle’s engine.

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Wijmans, Willem, et Philippe Armbruster. « Reconfigurable on-board payload data processing system developments at the European Space Agency ». Dans International Symposium on Optical Science and Technology. SPIE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.406576.

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Wang, Lan, et Yilin Xiong. « Research on Financial Risk Early Warning of Listed Companies on the Science and Technology Innovation Board Based on the Life Cycle Perspective ». Dans 2021 6th International Conference on Social Sciences and Economic Development (ICSSED 2021). Paris, France : Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210407.129.

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Moungkhaodaeng, A., S. Noimanee, S. Rodampom et K. Noimanee. « Development of Electronics Armor Shirt for the Shooting Practices of Law Enforcement Using Arduino Board ». Dans 2019 4th Technology Innovation Management and Engineering Science International Conference (TIMES-iCON). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/times-icon47539.2019.9024457.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Board on Science and Technology for International Development"

Southwell, Brian, Angelique (Angel) Hedberg, Christopher Krebs et Stephanie Zevitas, dir. Building and Maintaining Trust in Science : Paths Forward for Innovations by Nonprofits and Funding Organizations. RTI Press, septembre 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2019.cp.0010.1909.

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In July 2019, participants gathered in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, for an event organized by RTI International called Trust in Science. Our goal with the Trust in Science event was to foster collaborations and strengthen connections between nonprofit and funding organizations to address trust-related challenges that are affecting science and scientists. Collaboration between professionals and organizations is easy to cite as an abstract goal but can be challenging to pursue in practice for various reasons. Participants generated and considered both broad challenges and specific contexts in which trust has been strained. We discussed, for example, the use of wearable technologies for data collection, vaccine acceptance, biofuel research, survey research on topics such as sexual harassment monitoring, tools to help people navigate online information, and the development of physical spaces for local community discussion about science and technology. We offer an overview of key themes and ideas that emerged from our interactions. We hope that readers will consider this an open-source set of suggestions for future initiatives and innovations.

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Kirsten, Ingrid, et Mara Zarka. Balancing the Three Pillars of the NPT : How can Promoting Peaceful Uses Help ? Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, mai 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/shzz2322.

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The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) is the cornerstone of the non-proliferation regime and the centrepiece of global efforts to promote cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy and further the goal of general and complete nuclear disarmament. Although there is no implementation body for the NPT, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has been entrusted with key verification responsibilities under Article III of the treaty, where it plays an important role in achieving the objectives under Article IV to foster international cooperation for peaceful uses of nuclear energy. This paper argues that peaceful uses of science, technology and applications have an important role to play in achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Noting that the European Union (EU) is the biggest donor of development assistance, the paper suggests that the EU enhance its contribution to peaceful uses of nuclear science, technology and applications through supporting the IAEA’s technical cooperation activities. This will contribute to delivering the EU’s nonproliferation goals, thus strengthening global human security.

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Semerikov, Serhiy, Viacheslav Osadchyi et Olena Kuzminska. Proceedings of the 1st Symposium on Advances in Educational Technology - Volume 2 : AET. SciTePress, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/7011.

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Symposium on Advances in Educational Technology (AET) is a peer-reviewed international conference focusing on research advances and applications of combined use of computer hardware, software, and educational theory and practice to facilitate learning. Today, AET is the premier interdisciplinary forum for learning scientists, academicians, researchers, professionals, policymakers, postgraduate students, and practitioners to present their latest research results, ideas, developments, and applications. AET topics of interest are: • Artificial intelligence in education • Augmented reality in education • Cloud-based learning environments • Cloud technologies for mathematics learning • Cloud technologies for informatics learning • Computer simulation in science and mathematics learning • ICT in primary and secondary education • ICT in higher education • Learning environments • Learning technology • Professional training in the digital space • Massive open online courses • Methodology of informatization in education • Modelling systems in education • Psychological safety in the digital educational environment • Soft skills development • STEM education • Virtualization of learning This volume represents the proceedings of the Symposium on Advances in Educational Technology, held in Kyiv, Ukraine, on November 12-13, 2020. It comprises 110 contributed papers that were carefully peer-reviewed and selected from 282 submissions. Each submission was reviewed by at least 3, and on the average 3.1, program committee members. The accepted papers present a state-of-the-art overview of successful cases and provide guidelines for future research. We are thankful to all the authors who submitted papers and the delegates for their participation and their interest in AET as a platform to share their ideas and innovation. Also, we are also thankful to all the program committee members for providing continuous guidance and efforts taken by peer reviewers contributed to improve the quality of papers provided constructive critical comments, improvements and corrections to the authors are gratefully appreciated for their contribution to the success of the workshop. Moreover, we would like to thank the developers of HotCRP, who made it possible for us to use the resources of this excellent and comprehensive conference management system, from the call of papers and inviting reviewers, to handling paper submissions, communicating with the authors, and creating the volume of the workshop proceedings.

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Nin Pratt, Alejandro, Gert-Jan Stads, Luis de los Santos et Gonzalo Muñoz. Unlocking Innovation : Assessing the Role of Agricultural R&D in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, juillet 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005006.

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This report presents a comprehensive analysis of public agricultural research and development (R&D) in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), focusing on the contextual factors influencing agricultural R&D investment and their implications for agricultural productivity growth. The analysis combines new data for ten LAC countries collected by the International Food Policy Research Institute's (IFPRI's) Agricultural Science and Technology Indicators (ASTI) program with support from the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), with existing ASTI and other datasets. By integrating these various datasets, the report provides an in-depth examination of recent trends in public agricultural research spending, capacity, and outputs across the LAC region.

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Jones, Nicole S. 2018 Impression, Pattern and Trace Evidence Symposium. RTI Press, mai 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2018.cp.0006.1805.

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From January 22 to 25, 2018, RTI International, the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) and the Forensic Technology Center of Excellence (FTCoE) held the 2018 Impression, Pattern and Trace Evidence Symposium (IPTES) in Arlington, VA, to promote collaboration, enhance knowledge transfer, and share best practices and policies for the impression, pattern, and trace evidence forensic science communities. NIJ and FTCoE are committed to improving the practice of forensic science and strengthening its impact through support of research and development, rigorous technology evaluation and adoption, effective knowledge transfer and education, and comprehensive dissemination of best practices and guidelines to agencies dedicated to combating crime. The future of forensic sciences and its contribution to the public and criminal justice community is a motivating topic to gather expertise in a forum to discuss, learn, and share ideas. It’s about becoming part of an essential and historic movement as the forensic sciences continue to advance. The IPTES was specifically designed to bring together practitioners and researchers to enhance information-sharing and promote collaboration among the impression, pattern, and trace evidence analysts, law enforcement, and legal communities. The IPTES was designed to bring together practitioners and researchers to enhance information sharing and promote collaboration among impression, pattern, and trace evidence analysts, law enforcement, and legal communities. This set of proceedings comprises abstracts from workshops, general sessions, breakout sessions, and poster presentations.

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Kranefeld, Robert. Beyond the grid : post-network energy provision in Rwanda. Goethe-Universität, Institut für Humangeographie, février 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/gups.53186.

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In many parts of the world, the centralized grid provides energy to the population only to a limited extent. The electrification for sub-Saharan Africa countries is the lowest in the world, representing half of the world's population withoutelectricity. However, during the last years there has been an increased attention to rural areas in the Global South beyond the centralised grid, especially with respect to improved possibilities of solar power systems. The transition from one dominant form of energy provision to various alternatives includes different dimensions and depends on specific socio-spatial contexts. Energy systems are framed within systems of spatial practices, performed by a variety of involved actors, like consumers, local suppliers, international for-profit companies, international development donors as well as national and regional authorities. As such power systems arealways cause and effect of socio-technical change This study takes the example of Rwanda to analyse the marketization of decentralised energy systems. Based on empirical field work with energy entrepreneurs it combines Post-Colonial Theory with Science and Technology-Studies to theorise the role of energy to the social production of space beyond the grid.

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Kaye, Tom, Caspar Groeneveld, Caitlin Moss et Björn Haßler. Nepal “Ask me anything” Session : Responses to audience questions. EdTech Hub, mai 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53832/edtechhub.0014.

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On Thursday, 30 April 2020, the EdTech Hub participated in an “Ask me anything” session for policy-makers and funders in Nepal. The session focused on designing high-quality, effective, distance education programmes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants included high-level officials from the Nepalese government (e.g., the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, the Curriculum Development Office and the Education Review Office), representatives from development partners (e.g., the World Bank, UNICEF and USAID) and other education organisations (e.g., OLE Nepal). The session was convened for two purposes. First, to consider international good practice and current trends in distance education during the COVID-19 pandemic, presented by the World Bank EduTech team and the EdTech Hub. Second, for the EdTech Hub team to gather questions from participants, to be able to target guidance specifically to the situation in Nepal. This document provides answers to a consolidated list of 10 questions received from stakeholders during the session. To consolidate any overlap, we have occasionally combined multiple questions into one. In other cases, where multiple important issues required a focused response, we split apart questions.

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Biegelbauer, Peter, Christian Hartmann, Wolfgang Polt, Anna Wang et Matthias Weber. Mission-Oriented Innovation Policies in Austria – a case study for the OECD. JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, août 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22163/fteval.2020.493.

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In recent years, mission-oriented approaches have received growing interest in science, technology and innovation (STI) policies against the background of two developments. First, while so-called “horizontal” or “generic” approaches to research, technology and innovation policies have largely been successful in improving the general innovation performance or the rate of innovation, there are perceived limitations in terms of insufficiently addressing the direction of technological change and innovation. Second, “grand societal challenges” emerged on policy agendas, such as climate change, security, food and energy supply or ageing populations, which call for thematic orientation and the targeting of research and innovation efforts. In addition, the apparent success of some mission-oriented initiatives in countries like China, South Korea, and the United States in boosting technological development for purposes of strengthening competitiveness contributed to boosting the interest in targeted and directional government interventions in STI. Against the backdrop of this renewed interest in mission-oriented STI policy, the OECD has addressed the growing importance of this topic and launched a project looking into current experiences with Mission-Oriented Innovation Policy (MOIP). The present study on MOIP in Austria was commissioned by the Austrian Federal Ministry for Climate Action, Energy, Mobility, Environment, Innovation and Technologiy (BMK) and comprises the Austrian contributions to this OECD project. The study aims at contributing Austrian experiences to the international debate and to stimulate a national debate on MOIP.

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Qamer, Faisal M., Sravan Shrestha, Kiran Shakya, Birendra Bajracharya, Shib Nandan Shah, Ram Krishna Regmi, Salik Paudel et al. Operational in-season rice area estimation through Earth observation data in Nepal - working paper. International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), mars 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.1017.

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In an effort to adopt emerging technologies in food security assessment through a codevelopment approach, the Government of Nepal’s Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Development (MoALD) and the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development’s (ICIMOD) SERVIR-HKH Initiative undertook a pilot study in Chitwan District in 2019 to jointly develop methods for satellite remote sensing and machine learning-based in-season crop assessment. MoALD experts and relevant stakeholders thoroughly reviewed the approach before the honourable minister approved it for formal use in the national-level assessment for 2020 and onwards. For wider adoption of the advanced data science methods established in the pilot study, we customised the technology by developing a digital suite of software, including GeoFairy (a mobile app to facilitate field data collection by field extension professionals at the district level) and RiceMapEngine (a simplified platform for machine learning-based crop classification to facilitate crop area map production by MoALD’s GIS Section). In the current federal governance structure of Nepal, high-quality crop maps and yield estimates will not only bridge information needs among the federal and subnational institutions but also provide a means for consistent cross-country crop status assessments and communication.

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Atkinson, Dan, et Alex Hale, dir. From Source to Sea : ScARF Marine and Maritime Panel Report. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, septembre 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.126.

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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under four headings: 1. From Source to Sea: River systems, from their source to the sea and beyond, should form the focus for research projects, allowing the integration of all archaeological work carried out along their course. Future research should take a holistic view of the marine and maritime historic environment, from inland lakes that feed freshwater river routes, to tidal estuaries and out to the open sea. This view of the landscape/seascape encompasses a very broad range of archaeology and enables connections to be made without the restrictions of geographical or political boundaries. Research strategies, programmes From Source to Sea: ScARF Marine and Maritime Panel Report iii and projects can adopt this approach at multiple levels; from national to site-specific, with the aim of remaining holistic and cross-cutting. 2. Submerged Landscapes: The rising research profile of submerged landscapes has recently been embodied into a European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action; Submerged Prehistoric Archaeology and Landscapes of the Continental Shelf (SPLASHCOS), with exciting proposals for future research. Future work needs to be integrated with wider initiatives such as this on an international scale. Recent projects have begun to demonstrate the research potential for submerged landscapes in and beyond Scotland, as well as the need to collaborate with industrial partners, in order that commercially-created datasets can be accessed and used. More data is required in order to fully model the changing coastline around Scotland and develop predictive models of site survival. Such work is crucial to understanding life in early prehistoric Scotland, and how the earliest communities responded to a changing environment. 3. Marine & Maritime Historic Landscapes: Scotland’s coastal and intertidal zones and maritime hinterland encompass in-shore islands, trans-continental shipping lanes, ports and harbours, and transport infrastructure to intertidal fish-traps, and define understanding and conceptualisation of the liminal zone between the land and the sea. Due to the pervasive nature of the Marine and Maritime historic landscape, a holistic approach should be taken that incorporates evidence from a variety of sources including commercial and research archaeology, local and national societies, off-shore and onshore commercial development; and including studies derived from, but not limited to history, ethnology, cultural studies, folklore and architecture and involving a wide range of recording techniques ranging from photography, laser imaging, and sonar survey through to more orthodox drawn survey and excavation. 4. Collaboration: As is implicit in all the above, multi-disciplinary, collaborative, and cross-sector approaches are essential in order to ensure the capacity to meet the research challenges of the marine and maritime historic environment. There is a need for collaboration across the heritage sector and beyond, into specific areas of industry, science and the arts. Methods of communication amongst the constituent research individuals, institutions and networks should be developed, and dissemination of research results promoted. The formation of research communities, especially virtual centres of excellence, should be encouraged in order to build capacity.

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