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Nelson, A. H., et G. W. Hudler. « A Summary of North American Hardwood Tree Diseases with Bleeding Canker Symptoms ». Arboriculture & ; Urban Forestry 33, no 2 (1 mars 2007) : 122–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2007.013.
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Although the presence of bleeding cankers on deciduous trees may raise fears of the presence of Phytophthora ramorum, the cause of sudden oak death, other pathogens also cause similar symptoms. This review of hardwood tree diseases with bleeding canker symptoms provides an overview of available information of these diseases, providing a diagnosis guide as well as a stimulus for continued research in these areas.
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Weiland, Jerry E., Angela H. Nelson et George W. Hudler. « Aggressiveness of Phytophthora cactorum, P. citricola I, and P. plurivora from European Beech ». Plant Disease 94, no 8 (août 2010) : 1009–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-94-8-1009.
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Phytophthora cactorum, P. citricola I, and P. plurivora cause bleeding cankers on mature European beech (Fagus sylvatica) trees in the northeastern United States. Inoculation experiments were conducted to compare the aggressiveness of the three Phytophthora spp. on stems, leaf disks, and roots of European beech and common lilac (Syringa vulgaris) seedlings. Isolates were obtained from bleeding cankers on European beech from five cities in New York (Albany, Ithaca, Oyster Bay, Plainview, and Rochester) and from a bleeding canker on sugar maple in Ithaca, NY. Stems were inoculated with colonized agar plugs, leaf disks with a zoospore suspension, and roots via infested soil at three inoculum levels. All organs of inoculated beech and lilac developed disease except for lilac roots inoculated with zoospores of P. cactorum. Disease incidence, severity, and plant survival were dependent on isolate and were also influenced by the tissue inoculated and host. Isolates of P. cactorum were the least aggressive and caused less necrosis than isolates of P. citricola I and P. plurivora. Results emphasize the utility of stem and root inoculation for evaluation of this canker disease and underscore critical differences in species aggressiveness.
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CHEN, Gong-you. « Bleeding canker of pear — An emerging devastating disease ». Journal of Integrative Agriculture 19, no 4 (avril 2020) : 887–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2095-3119(20)63173-2.
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Kenaley, Shawn C., Clifford Rose, Patrick J. Sullivan et George W. Hudler. « Bleeding Canker of European Beech in Southeastern New York State : Phytophthora Species, Spatial Analysis of Disease, and Periodic Growth of Affected Trees ». Journal of Environmental Horticulture 32, no 3 (1 septembre 2014) : 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898.32.3.113.
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The epidemiology of bleeding canker, a Phytophthora-associated disease, on European beech remains unclear. Pathogen surveys as well as dendrological and spatial point pattern analyses (SPPA) were conducted to identify factors contributing to disease progress on beech at the Green-Wood Cemetery (GWC) and Planting Fields Arboretum (PFA) in southeastern New York State. Phytophthora pini was the predominant Phytophthora isolated from cankers as well as soil under asymptomatic and diseased (canker bearing) European beech at each site. No significant differences existed between asymptomatic and Phytophthora-infected trees according to diameter breast height, elevation, and the Phytophthora spp. The radial growth (25-yr chronology for 1986 to 2010) of infected European beech at GWC and PFA, however, was significantly less when compared to asymptomatic beech; yet, residual growth was similar among the latter cohorts, providing no evidence for the instigatory effect(s) of environmental stressors on disease progress. SPPA demonstrated all beech at GWC and PFA were planted in non-random aggregates, whereas the distribution of diseased European beech did not deviate from random. Collectively, results indicated bleeding canker is a slow, chronic disease and the overland tree-to-tree spread of P. pini, and accompanying Phytophthora spp., is rare or does not occur at GWC or PFA.
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Álvarez, L. A., A. Pérez-Sierra, J. García-Jiménez et J. Javier-Alva. « Bleeding Canker on Mesquite in Peru caused by Phytophthora syringae ». Plant Disease 91, no 2 (février 2007) : 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-91-2-0226a.
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Mesquite (Prosopis pallida (Wildenow) Kunth) is a drought-tolerant tree widely distributed in the northern Pacific Coast of South America. This species prevents soil erosion, provides shade, conserves prairies, supports bee nutrition, and provides fruits for human and animal consumption. Since the spring of 2004, bark lesions and bleeding cankers were observed on trunks and branches of 70% of declining mesquite trees in some parks at Ica in southern Peru. Badly affected trees were killed by the disease. Isolations were made from the edge of necrotic lesions of the inner bark and roots using PARPH medium (2) and incubated at 22°C for 7 days. A Phytophthora species was consistently isolated from lesions of 10 mesquite trees, and six pure cultures (PS-87-PS-92) were obtained by transferring hyphal tips and characterized. Colonies were stellate on V8 juice agar (VJA; 2 g CaCO3, 200 ml of V8 juice, and 15 g of agar in 800 ml of distilled water), uniform to slightly radiate on corn meal agar (Oxoid Ltd., London, England), and knotty on PDA (Biokar Diagnostics, Beauvais, France). On VJA at 22°C, the average radial growth rate for the six isolates was 1.7 mm per day. Colonies grew slowly at 5 and 25°C with 0.4 and 0.7 mm per day growth rate, respectively. There was no growth at 30°C. Catenulate hyphal swellings formed on VJA and liquid media (1.5% sterile soil extract). Sporangia were persistent, ovoid to obpyriform, semipapillate with narrow exit pores (<5.0 μm in diameter), 32.3 to 39.7 × 21.0 to 27.2 μm, with a length/width ratio of 1.4:1 to 1.6:1. Sporangia were produced by cutting 5-mm disks from the advancing margin of a colony on VJA and adding disks to 10 ml of 1.5% sterile soil extract for 4 to 5 days at 22°C under fluorescent light. Isolates were homothallic with spherical oogonia, 32 to 35 μm in width with paragynous antheridia, and aplerotic oospores, 26 to 31 μm. These characteristics fit the descriptions of Phytophthora syringae (Kleb.) Kleb. (1). Sequences of the internal transcribed spacer regions on the isolates and comparison with other sequences in GenBank showed that they were identical to P. syringae (Accession No. AJ854297 from Citrus limon). In 2005, two methods were used to inoculate mesquite with two isolates. One method used two 20-mm-diameter branches of five 5-year-old mesquite trees where a 5-mm wound was made with a cork borer and a 5-mm block of the agar culture was placed under the bark and sealed with Parafilm. Another method used 10 4-month-old potted plants that received a 30-ml drench of a 104 zoospores/ml suspension per plant. Controls received clean agar blocks and a sterile water drench for 10 control pots. Two weeks after inoculation, black areas and resinosis were observed around inoculated wounds. Inoculated branches produced cankers of 4.7 to 6.8 cm2, 4 weeks after inoculations. Twenty days after inoculation of roots, wilting and root rots of seedlings occurred. No symptoms were found on the control plants. P. syringae was reisolated from the diseased branches and root rots and pure cultures were established. This test was repeated for both methods with similar results. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. syringae in Peru and the first description of this pathogen on mesquite worldwide. References: (1) D. C. Erwin and O. K. Ribeiro. Phytophthora Diseases Worldwide. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul MN. 1996. (2) S. N. Jeffers and S. B. Martin. Plant Dis. 70:1038, 1986.
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Weiland, Jerry E., Angela H. Nelson et George W. Hudler. « Effects of Mefenoxam, Phosphonate, and Paclobutrazol on In Vitro Characteristics of Phytophthora cactorum and P. citricola and on Canker Size of European Beech ». Plant Disease 93, no 7 (juillet 2009) : 741–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-93-7-0741.
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Phytophthora citricola and P. cactorum cause bleeding cankers that lead to the death of mature European beech (Fagus sylvatica) in the northeastern United States. The effects of two fungicides and a plant growth regulator on in vitro pathogen characteristics and on canker expansion were investigated. In the first experiment, 16 single-spore isolates (11 P. citricola and 5 P. cactorum) were grown on clarified V8 juice agar amended with (i) 0 to 20 μg a.i./ml of mefenoxam, (ii) 0 to 301,429 μg a.i./ml phosphonate either with or without a bark-penetrating surfactant at 0.5 mg a.i./ml, or (iii) 0 to 25 mg a.i./ml of the surfactant alone. Radial growth, oospore production, and zoospore germination were observed to be dependent on isolate and treatment. A species effect on growth was also observed, as P. cactorum isolates were 2.5- to sevenfold less sensitive to phosphonate, but 2- to 150-fold more sensitive to mefenoxam than P. citricola isolates (based on 50% inhibition of growth). In the second experiment, bark and soil drenches of mefenoxam (50 mg a.i./ml and 19 μg a.i./ml, respectively), phosphonate (301,429 and 101 μg a.i./ml, respectively), and a soil drench of paclobutrazol (21 mg a.i./ml) were evaluated for their efficacy as curative or preventive treatments against bleeding canker. None of the treatments (curative or preventive) were able to stop canker expansion or prevent infection. However, saplings inoculated with P. citricola and treated with the phosphonate bark drench as either a curative or preventive treatment had cankers that were 36 to 82% shorter than those of inoculated control stems treated with water. For saplings inoculated with P. cactorum, the phosphonate bark drench was only effective when applied as a preventive (38% shorter than inoculated control stems treated with water), and not as a curative treatment. No other treatment was effective at limiting canker expansion.
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Majeed, Muhammed, Shaheen Majeed et Kalyanam Nagabhushanam. « Efficacy and Safety of Tetrahydrocurcuminoids for the Treatment of Canker Sore and Gingivitis ». Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2020 (16 décembre 2020) : 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6611877.
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Background. Tetrahydrocurcuminoids (THCs) are among the major metabolites of curcuminoids with a higher bioavailability and physiological stability and exhibit a broad spectrum of therapeutic activities. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of THCs in patients suffering from canker sore and gingivitis designed as an exploratory clinical trial. Methods. This is an open label prospective pilot clinical trial carried out at two clinical centers: Noble Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, and Sri Venkateshwara Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka in India. Participants were assigned to 21 days of treatment with chewable oral THCs supplement. Patients were instructed to self-administer one chewable tablet containing 100 mg of THCs twice daily for up to 21 days. This clinical trial was registered at a public Clinical Trial Registry in India (http://www.ctri.nic.in). Thirty-one canker sore and twenty-nine gingivitis patients participated in this study. Body mass index, throat numbness/relief, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain score, canker sore lesions, gingival appearance, inflammation and bleeding were assessed before and after treatment, at 14 and 21 days. Vital signs and laboratory parameters were assessed for safety. Results. THCs treatment significantly reduced the reddening at the site, difficulty in chewing, swallowing, and VAS pain score in the canker sore patients. Further, both single and multiple lesions were completely healed. In gingivitis patients, gingival appearance, bleeding, and inflammation were significantly reduced. No adverse effects were observed during the study. Conclusion. Overall, the findings of this study show that supplementation of THCs for 21 days reduced the pain and prevented the progression of the disease in patients suffering from canker sore and gingivitis without adverse side effects.
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Nelson, Angela H., Jerry E. Weiland et George W. Hudler. « Prevalence, Distribution and Identification of Phytophthora Species from Bleeding Canker on European Beech ». Journal of Environmental Horticulture 28, no 3 (1 septembre 2010) : 150–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-28.3.150.
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Abstract While bleeding canker of European beech trees (Fagus sylvatica) has long been recognized as a problem in Europe and North America, the cause in the northeastern United States has not been clear. To resolve this, we surveyed for disease prevalence on European beech, identified the pathogens involved, proved their pathogenicity, compared protocols for pathogen detection, and conducted a soil assay to determine pathogen presence in soil surrounding established trees in residential and commercial landscapes in New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Connecticut and Massachusetts. Approximately 40% of surveyed trees had bleeding cankers. While Phytophthora cactorum, P. gonapodyides, P. cambivora and two newly described species, P. citricola I and P. plurivora, were recovered from symptomatic tissue, P. citricola I and P. cactorum were most prevalent. All caused disease when artificially inoculated into European beech sapling stems, although P. cambivora and P. gonapodyides produced significantly smaller lesions. Recovery of the pathogen from symptomatic tissue using selective media, the preferred method of diagnosis, was significantly higher in the fall. ELISA detection was more successful and worked regardless of season, but did not allow identification to the species level. All five Phytophthora species were found in soil surveys; P. cambivora was most common, followed by P. cactorum and P. citricola I. These results provide a foundation for building management strategies to protect valuable specimens of European beech.
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Schmidt, O., D. Dujesiefken, H. Stobbe, U. Moreth, R. Kehr et Th Schröder. « Pseudomonas syringae pv. aesculi associated with horse chestnut bleeding canker in Germany ». Forest Pathology 38, no 2 (avril 2008) : 124–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0329.2007.00539.x.
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CHEN, Bin, Yan-li TIAN, Yu-qiang ZHAO, Jia-nan WANG, Zhi-gang XU, Xiang LI et Bai-shi HU. « Bleeding canker of pears caused by Dickeya fangzhongdai : Symptoms, etiology and biology ». Journal of Integrative Agriculture 19, no 4 (avril 2020) : 889–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2095-3119(19)62882-0.
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Mertelik, J., K. Kloudova, I. Pankova, V. Krejzar et V. Kudela. « Occurrence of horse chestnut bleeding canker caused byPseudomonas syringaepv.aesculiin the Czech Republic ». Forest Pathology 43, no 2 (2 janvier 2013) : 165–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/efp.12021.
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Brasier, C. M., S. Denman, J. Rose, S. A. Kirk, K. J. D. Hughes, R. L. Griffin, C. R. Lane, A. J. Inman et J. F. Webber. « First report of ramorum bleeding canker on Quercus falcata, caused by Phytophthora ramorum ». Plant Pathology 53, no 6 (décembre 2004) : 804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2004.01079.x.
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Moradi-Amirabad, Y., et G. Khodakaramian. « First report of bleeding canker caused by Rahnella sp. on Populus nigra in Iran ». New Disease Reports 41 (27 juin 2020) : 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5197/j.2044-0588.2020.041.037.
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Mertelik, J., K. Kloudova, I. Pankova, V. Krejzar et V. Kudela. « HORSE CHESTNUT BLEEDING CANKER CAUSED BY PSEUDOMONAS SYRINGAE PV. AESCULI IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC ». Acta Horticulturae, no 990 (mai 2013) : 61–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2013.990.5.
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Intini, M., M. Gurer et S. Ozturk. « First Report of Bleeding Canker Caused by Phytophthora cactorum on Horse Chestnut in Turkey ». Plant Disease 86, no 6 (juin 2002) : 697. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2002.86.6.697c.
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Bleeding canker on horse chestnut (Aesculus sp.), caused by Phytophthora cactorum (Lebert and Cohn) Schröeter previously has been reported from the United States and Europe (1). In August 2000, it was found for the first time in a park in Ankara Province, Turkey. Symptoms included sparse yellowish brown foliage with abnormally small leaves, and dark-stained spots or dark brown necrosis of the bark on the trunk and main branches, with or without a reddish black gummy exudate. P. cactorum was isolated from tissues taken from the margins of necrotic bark. Pure cultures were slightly radiate, fluffy but not dense, and had short aerial hyphae when grown on carrot agar, potato dextrose agar, or V8 agar. Sporangia were ovoid, strongly papillate, and averaged 35.6 μm in length and 26.8 μm in width (range: 24 to 55 μm × 19 to 40 μm). The isolates were homothallic with smooth-walled paragynous oogonia ranging from 23.5 to 34.5 μm in diameter. To satisfy Koch's postulates, mycelium of P. cactorum was placed under the bark of six branches of healthy horse chestnut. Noninoculated wounds served as controls. Four months later a reddish black gummy exudate was observed oozing from the inoculated wounds, and the bark tissue was necrotic for 3 to 4 cm around each infection. P. cactorum was successfully reisolated from the necrotic bark tissue. Control wounds remained healthy. To our knowledge, this is the first report of this disease on horse chestnut in Asia Minor. Reference: (1) D. C. Erwin and O. K. Ribeiro. Phytophthora Diseases Worldwide. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 1996.
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Perminow, Juliana Irina Spies, May Bente Brurberg, Arild Sletten et Venche Talgø. « Pseudomonas syringae pv. aesculi Detected on Horse Chestnut in Norway ». Plant Health Progress 15, no 2 (janvier 2014) : 61–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-rs-13-0112.
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This is the first report of bleeding canker of horse chestnut in Norway. The pathogen Psa, which has most likely entered the country with latently infected imported trees, seems to thrive and spread well in Norway, especially in the mild and humid climate of Rogaland County. Due to the risk of Psa and the new fungal diseases, we no longer recommend horse chestnut for planting in Norway. Accepted for publication 4 February 2014. Published 2 May 2014.
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Swiecki, Tedmund J., Elizabeth A. Bernhardt, Kamyar Aram, David M. Rizzo, Takao Kasuga et Mai Bui. « Phytophthora ramorum Causes Cryptic Bole Cankers in Canyon Live Oak ». Plant Health Progress 17, no 1 (janvier 2016) : 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-rs-15-0042.
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Mortality of large canyon live oaks suddenly appeared in natural stands in San Mateo, CA, starting in 2007. A survey of affected stands showed that symptomatic trees were spatially associated with California bay, the primary source of Phytophthora ramorum spores in California coastal oak forests. Trunk canker symptoms on affected trees were similar to late-stage symptoms caused by P. ramorum on other oak hosts, but the pathogen could not be isolated from affected trees. Artificial inoculation of logs, and later, trees, confirmed that P. ramorum caused phloem cankers on canyon live oak, but cankers showed either no or minuscule external bleeding. Knowledge of early bark symptom appearance facilitated successful isolations from naturally infected trees. Tree declines associated with similarly cryptic Phytophthora cankers could remain undiagnosed or misdiagnosed for many years, thwarting detection and management efforts. Accepted for publication 12 February 2016. Published 18 February 2016.
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Tanjung, Yenni Puspita, Andi Ika Julianti et Aghnia Wulan Rizkiyani. « Formulation and Physical Evaluation of Edible Film Dosage from Ethanol Extract of Betel Leaves (Piper betle L) for Canker Sore Drugs ». Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology 8, no 1 (12 février 2021) : 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/ijpst.v8i1.29225.
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Canker sore which in medical terms is called aphthous stomatitis is a wound in the mouth that can cause pain and discomfort. Piper betel leaf can be used for strengthening the teeth, cure canker sores, treat the bad breath and stop the gum from bleeding. The research aimed to determine the edible film formula of betel leaf ethanol extract that met the physical evaluation requirements and to determine the effect of variation concentration of sorbitol and HPMC (Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) on the physical evaluation. Edible film preparation from betel leaf extract is a thin layer made from the basic ingredients of corn starch, sorbitol, and HPMC. In this research, 3 edible film formulas were made with variations in the concentration of sorbitol and HPMC, namely: F1 (5%;5%), F2 (4%;4%), F3 (3%;3%). Data of evaluation results were analyzed statistics by Kruskal wallis method. The results showed that F1, F2 and F3 meet the physical evaluation requirements for edible film dosage. Variations in the concentration of sorbitol and HPMC gave different results significantly influence (p<0.05) on weight uniformity, film thickness, solubility and dissolution time, and did not significantly influence (p>0.05) on the organoleptic test, fragility of edible film, water resistance (swelling) and moisture content.Keywords: Betel leaf extract, edible film, HPMC, canker sore, sorbitol
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Cerny, K., V. Strnadova, B. Gregorova, V. Holub, M. Tomsovsky, M. Mrazkova et S. Gabrielova. « Phytophthora cactorumcausing bleeding canker of common beech, horse chestnut, and white poplar in the Czech Republic ». Plant Pathology 58, no 2 (avril 2009) : 394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2008.01970.x.
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Webber, J. F., N. M. Parkinson, J. Rose, H. Stanford, R. T. A. Cook et J. G. Elphinstone. « Isolation and identification of Pseudomonas syringae pv. aesculi causing bleeding canker of horse chestnut in the UK ». Plant Pathology 57, no 2 (avril 2008) : 368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2007.01754.x.
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TIAN, Yan-li, Yu-qiang ZHAO, Bao-hui CHEN, Shuo CHEN, Rong ZENG, Bai-shi HU et Xiang LI. « Real-time PCR assay for detection of Dickeya fangzhongdai causing bleeding canker of pear disease in China ». Journal of Integrative Agriculture 19, no 4 (avril 2020) : 898–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2095-3119(19)62881-9.
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Lynch, S. C., A. Eskalen, P. Zambino et T. Scott. « First Report of Bot Canker Caused by Diplodia corticola on Coast Live Oak (Quercus agrifolia) in California ». Plant Disease 94, no 12 (décembre 2010) : 1510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-04-10-0266.
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Sharp decline and mortality of coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia) has been observed in San Diego County, CA since 2002. Much of this decline has been attributed to a new pest in California, the goldspotted oak borer (GSOB, Agrilus coxalis) (1). Symptoms include crown thinning, bark cracking and/or peeling, patches of stain (1 to 10 cm in diameter), bleeding on the bole, and tree death and are most often observed on trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) >30 cm. In 2008, a Botryosphaeria sp. was recovered from necrotic tissue of bleeding bole cankers from GSOB-affected trees in Jamul, CA. Zone lines separated dead and live tissue in affected phloem and xylem. Pycnidia were observed on the bark surface of the infected host. Fifty conidia averaging 32 × 18 μm, one-septate with age, and morphologically similar to conidia described by Úrbez-Torres et al. were observed (4). Oak stands with tree mortality were surveyed in GSOB-infested and -uninfested sites over eight locations throughout San Diego and Riverside counties in 2009 and 2010. Symptomatic tissue or conidia from pycnidia of affected trees, plated onto potato dextrose agar amended with 0.01% tetracycline and incubated at 25°C for 1 week, consistently produced cultures with dense, wooly, olive-green mycelium. Mycelia fit the description of Botryosphaeria corticola A.J.L. Phillips, Alves et Luque (anamorph Diplodia corticola) (2). The resulting amplified ITS4/5 region of two sequences matched 100% to published D. corticola sequences (GU799472 and GU799460) (4). These sequences were deposited with NCBI GenBank (HM104176 and HM104177). Koch's postulates were conducted by inoculating 2-mm-diameter holes on five coast live oak trees with D. corticola. Holes were drilled to the cambium at 2 to 4 locations per tree within 1 to 2 m up the bole using a 0.157-cm portable electric drill. Trees ranged from 3.7- to 32.4-cm DBH. Either single agar plugs from two isolates each of a 7-day-old culture (UCR454 and UCR793) or noncolonized agar plugs as uninoculated controls were inserted into the holes and then covered with petroleum jelly and Parafilm. Average temperature was 10°C, relative humidity of 64%, and no precipitation during inoculation. Inoculations were conducted at a location in San Diego County uninfested by GSOB and repeated twice. After 3.5 months, bark was removed from inoculation sites. Average lesion length was not significantly different between inoculations, thus data were combined (one way analysis of variance [ANOVA]; P = 0.05). Lesions averaged 13.9 × 2.3 cm and were significantly different (n = 30; one way ANOVA; P = 0.05) from controls that measured 0.31 × 0.3 cm. Staining was observed around the inoculation points on all trees and three trees exhibited bleeding. Necrotic tissue was observed in the phloem and 3 mm into the xylem tissue, where the lesion had extended up and down the grain. D. corticola was consistently reisolated from necrotic tissue but not from control treatments. B. corticola was originally described as a canker pathogen on Quercus spp. in the western Mediterranean (2), and is known to contribute to the decline of cork oak (Q. suber) in the region (3). To our knowledge, this is the first report of D. corticola causing bot canker on coast live oak in California. References: (1) T. W. Coleman and S. J. Seybold. U. S. For. Serv. R5-PR-08, 2008. (2) A. Correia et al. Mycologia 96:598, 2004. (3) J. Luque et al. For. Pathol. 38:147, 2008. (4) J. R. Úrbez-Torres et al. Plant Dis. 94:785, 2010.
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Koskella, Britt, Sean Meaden, William J. Crowther, Roosa Leimu et C. Jessica E. Metcalf. « A signature of tree health ? Shifts in the microbiome and the ecological drivers of horse chestnut bleeding canker disease ». New Phytologist 215, no 2 (18 avril 2017) : 737–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.14560.
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Pirc, M., T. Dreo et D. Jurc. « First Report of Pseudomonas syringae pv. aesculi as the Causal Agent of Bleeding Canker of Horse Chestnut in Slovenia ». Plant Disease 102, no 10 (octobre 2018) : 2025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-12-17-1868-pdn.
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Percival, Glynn C., et Jonathan M. Banks. « Studies of the interaction between horse chestnut leaf miner (Cameraria ohridella) and bacterial bleeding canker (Pseudomonas syringae pv. aesculi) ». Urban Forestry & ; Urban Greening 13, no 2 (2014) : 403–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2014.01.002.
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Straw, Nigel A., et David T. Williams. « Impact of the leaf minerCameraria ohridella(Lepidoptera : Gracillariidae) and bleeding canker disease on horse-chestnut : direct effects and interaction ». Agricultural and Forest Entomology 15, no 3 (20 juin 2013) : 321–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/afe.12020.
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Wood, A. K., et F. H. Tainter. « First Report of Phytophthora cinnamomi on Quercus laurifolia ». Plant Disease 86, no 4 (avril 2002) : 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2002.86.4.441d.
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In May 2001, bleeding cankers were observed on several laurel oak (Quercus laurifolia) trees in central Florida. Affected trees had chlorotic leaves, sparse canopies, and little new growth. Multiple cankers were present on the trunk and extended from the soil line up to approximately 5 m. Each canker had a reddish to dark brown or black exudate. From two of the infected trees, tissue samples were taken from beneath the bark around the edge of an actively growing lesion and transferred directly to Phytophthora-selective medium (1), and three soil cores (2 cm in diameter, 20 cm deep) were collected from the base of each tree. A baiting bioassay (with camellia leaf disks and shore juniper and eastern hemlock needles as baits) was used to assay fresh composite soil samples for Phytophthora species (1). P. cinnamomi was recovered from both tissue and soil samples (2). Mycelia were coralloid with abundant hyphal swellings. Sporangia were produced in 1.5% nonsterilized soil extract solution. Sporangia were ovoid to ellipsoid in shape and nonpapillate. Average sporangium size was 72 × 45 μm (length × width). To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. cinnamomi on laurel oak trees. References: (1) A. J. Ferguson and S. N. Jeffers. Plant Dis. 83:1129, 1999. (2) G. M. Waterhouse. Key to the species of Phytophthora de Bary. Mycol. Pap. 92. CMI. Kew, UK, 1963.
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McEvoy, A., F. O'Regan, C. C. Fleming, B. P. Moreland, J. A. Pollock, B. W. McGuinness et T. R. Hodkinson. « Bleeding canker of horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) in Ireland : incidence, severity and characterization using DNA sequences and real-time PCR ». Plant Pathology 65, no 9 (7 avril 2016) : 1419–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ppa.12529.
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Sari, Erwika Dwika, Rachmat Kosman et Herwin Herwin. « LITERATURE STUDY OF ANTIBACTERIAL ASSAY OF AVERRHOA BILIMBI L. AGAINST GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA ». Journal Microbiology Science 2, no 1 (6 avril 2022) : 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.56711/jms.v2i1.822.
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Averrhoa bilimbi L. is one of the traditional medicines that people empirically use as medicine to treat various diseases such as cough, diabetes, rheumatism, mumps, canker sores, toothache, bleeding gums, acne, diarrhea to high blood pressure. The research aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of Averrhoa bilimbi L. against gram-positive bacteria. This research applied a literature study method in which the references were obtained from 3 data bases, namely google scholar, pubmed and mdpi, then selected journals that metthe criteria in the literature study. From the journal exploration, 7 journals were obtained. Then the antibacterial activity of Averrhoa bilimbi L. against gram-positive bacteria was observed. The results confirmed that the fruit and leaves of Averrhoa bilimbi L. had an antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Propionibacterium acnes due to the presence of secondary metabolites, namely saponins, tannins, alkaloids and flavonoid.
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Charkowski, Amy O. « The Changing Face of Bacterial Soft-Rot Diseases ». Annual Review of Phytopathology 56, no 1 (25 août 2018) : 269–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-080417-045906.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Bacterial soft rot is a disease complex caused by multiple genera of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, with Dickeya and Pectobacterium being the most widely studied soft-rot bacterial pathogens. In addition to soft rot, these bacteria also cause blackleg of potato, foot rot of rice, and bleeding canker of pear. Multiple Dickeya and Pectobacterium species cause the same symptoms on potato, complicating epidemiology and disease resistance studies. The primary pathogen species present in potato-growing regions differs over time and space, further complicating disease management. Genomics technologies are providing new management possibilities, including improved detection and biocontrol methods that may finally allow effective disease management. The recent development of inbred diploid potato lines is also having a major impact on studying soft-rot pathogens because it is now possible to study soft-rot disease in model plant species that produce starchy vegetative storage organs. Together, these new discoveries have changed how we face diseases caused by these pathogens.
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Bregant, Carlo, Eduardo Batista, Sandra Hilário, Benedetto T. Linaldeddu et Artur Alves. « Phytophthora Species Involved in Alnus glutinosa Decline in Portugal ». Pathogens 12, no 2 (8 février 2023) : 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12020276.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Recent field surveys conducted in five common alder ecosystems in Portugal have shown the occurrence of severe canopy dieback, bleeding canker and root rot symptoms indicative of Phytophthora infections. Isolations from symptomatic tissues, rhizosphere and water samples yielded a total of 13 Phytophthora species belonging to 6 phylogenetic clades, including P. lacustris (13 isolates), P. multivora (10), P. amnicola (9), P. chlamydospora (6), P. polonica (6), P. bilorbang (4), P. plurivora (4), P. cinnamomi (3), P. asparagi (2), P. cactorum (2), P. pseudocryptogea (2), P. gonapodyides (1) and P. rosacearum (1). Results of the pathogenicity test confirmed the complex aetiology of common alder decline and the additional risk posed by Phytophthora multivora to the riparian habitats in Portugal. At the same time, the diversity of Phytophthora assemblages detected among the investigated sites suggests that different species could contribute to causing the same symptoms on this host. Two species, P. amnicola and P. rosacearum, are reported here for the first time in natural ecosystems in Europe.
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Belisario, A., M. Maccaroni et M. Vettorazzo. « First Report of Phytophthora cambivora Causing Bleeding Cankers and Dieback on Beech (Fagus sylvatica) in Italy ». Plant Disease 90, no 10 (octobre 2006) : 1362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-90-1362c.
Texte intégralRésumé :
European beech (Fagus sylvatica) is an important forest tree species common in northern and central Europe. In Italy, this species is typical in mountain areas over 1,000 m above sea level. In the last decade, decline and death was reported on European beech caused by several Phytophthora species (2), and P. pseudosyringae was recently reported in Italy (3). During 2004 and 2005, seven declining and dying F. sylvatica trees, older than 20 years, were observed in the Veneto Region of Italy with symptoms of bleeding cankers at the base of trunks and on branches. Cankers on the collar showed tongue-shaped necroses of the inner bark and cambium tissues. Four trees were in a public park of Mestre and three were in a forest stand in the province of Belluno. Samples were taken from declining trees, one in the park and two in the forest. Inner bark and cambium tissue pieces were cut from the canker margins, cultured on CARPBHy-agar (corn meal agar amended with 250 μg ml-1 ampicillin, 10 μg ml-1 rifampicin, 10 μg ml-1 pimaricin, 15 μg ml-1 benomyl, 50 μg ml-1 hymexazol), and incubated at 20°C. Ten morphologically similar isolates were subcultured as single hyphal tips and characterized. These isolates produced nonpapillate sporangia that were ovoid, obpyriform or ellipsoid, and exhibited predominately internal proliferation in soil extract. Hyphal swellings with outgrowths were present under those conditions. The morphological characteristics were consistent with those of P. cambivora (1). Base sequences of the ITS region of rDNA were determined for six of the isolates, and an 832-bp fragment was amplified for each isolate and that sequence was 100% homologous with sequences DQ396418 and AY880985 of P. cambivora in the NCBI database ( http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/BLAST/ ). The sequence of one isolate, ISPaVe 1950, was deposited in GenBank (Accession No. AM269752). Pathogenicity tests were conducted with 2-year-old potted beech seedlings. Inoculum of representative isolates was grown for 4 weeks on sterilized millet seeds moistened with V8 broth and added to soil at 3% (wt/vol). Control plants received sterilized inoculum only. The soil was flooded for 48 h. Inoculations were performed during May 2005 at 15 to 35°C with six replicates for the inoculated and control plants. The plants were maintained outdoors and assessed after 3 months. Wilt, root rot, and dark brown lesions at the collar developed on inoculated plants, but not on the controls. Symptoms were similar to those on naturally infected trees. The pathogen reisolated from the inoculated plants was morphologically identical to the original isolates, which confirmed P. cambivora as the causal agent. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. cambivora on beech in Italy. References: (1) D. C. Erwin and O. K. Ribeiro. Phytophthora Diseases Worldwide. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 1996. (2) T. Jung et al. Mycologist, 19:159, 2005. (3) E. Motta et al. Plant Dis. 87:1005, 2003.
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Yousef Moradi-Amirabad, Gholam Khodakaramian et Teresa Coutinho. « Isolation and Characterization of a Brenneria sp. Shown to Be the Causal Agent of Bleeding Canker Disease of Populus nigra in Iran ». Russian Agricultural Sciences 47, no 6 (novembre 2021) : 584–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068367421060082.
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Yaghmour, M. A., T. L. Nguyen, T. V. Roubtsova, J. K. Hasey, E. J. Fichtner, C. DeBuse, S. J. Seybold et R. M. Bostock. « First Report of Geosmithia morbida on English Walnut and its Paradox Rootstock in California ». Plant Disease 98, no 10 (octobre 2014) : 1441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-06-14-0569-pdn.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Geosmithia morbida, the causal agent of thousand cankers disease (TCD), is vectored by the walnut twig beetle (WTB), Pityophthorus juglandis, causing decline in eastern black walnut, Juglans nigra (4), and canker development on many Juglans species (5). In the summer of 2012, a survey for TCD incidence in English walnut, J. regia, in orchards in California identified many trees with WTB activity and characteristic TCD symptoms. Both the J. regia scion and its Paradox hybrid rootstock (J. hindsii× J. regia) were affected. In some cases, trees exhibited bleeding on the bark surface from WTB entrance holes. Removal of the outer bark revealed cankers in the phloem around the WTB galleries. Two samples were taken from scions and three samples were collected from rootstocks of trees in orchards in northern California. Pieces (~3 to 4 mm2) of symptomatic tissue were placed in acidified potato dextrose agar (APDA), and the plates were incubated for 4 to 5 days at 30°C. Samples exhibiting fungal growth similar in morphology to G. morbida were transferred to PDA plates to obtain pure cultures and then processed to obtain single-spore cultures. Culture morphology for five single-spore isolates (Gm103, Gm104, Gm105, Gm107, and Gm108) was similar to that described by Kolařík et al. (4) for G. morbida. Conidiophores were penicillate and verrucose. Conidia were narrowly cylindrical, 5.2 ± 0.06 × 2.2 ± 0.04 μm (n = 50). Single-spore isolates were then grown in 1% yeast extract glucose liquid culture for 7 to 10 days. DNA was extracted and the ITS region was amplified, including the 5.8S region by using primers ITS1F/ITS4. Sequences were assembled and deposited in GenBank under accessions KJ664793 to KJ664797. Sequences were compared to those in GenBank; all sequences matched (99 to 100% identity) the ITS sequences of G. morbida strain CBS 124663. Pathogenicity tests were performed on 28-cm-long detached branches of J. regia. Four branches per isolate were inoculated with a 5-mm-diameter mycelial plug from a 2-week-old culture. Branches were incubated at room temperature (23 ± 2°C) in a humidified container for 3 weeks, and then canker lengths were measured. Pieces of the cankered area were placed in APDA and incubated as described above with G. morbida re-isolated from the cankers for all of the isolates, completing Koch's postulates. Average canker lengths ranged from 48.6 ± 4.3 to 72.1 ± 7.1 mm. Re-isolated G. morbida exhibited the same growth and reproductive structure morphology in culture on PDA as the original cultures. TCD in association with WTB has been observed in California English walnut orchards since 2008 (1,2,3). However, this is the first report for completion of Koch's postulates and morphological and molecular confirmation of G. morbida in J. regia and the Paradox rootstock, the predominant rootstock used in commercial orchards. TCD is a concern to the walnut industry in California with over 245,000 bearing acres reported in 2012. References: (1) M. Flint et al. CAPCA Adviser 8:36, 2010. (2) A. D. Graves et al. Walnut Twig Beetle and Thousand Cankers Disease: Field Identification Guide. UC-IPM website publication, http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PDF/MISC/thousand_cankers_field_guide.pdf , 2009. (3) J. Hasey et al. (Abstr.) Phytopathology 100:S48, 2010. (4) M. Kolařík et al. Mycologia 103:325, 2011. (5) C. Utley et al. Plant Dis. 97:601, 2013.
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Talahatu, Lani Berlina, Bima Ewando Kaban, Nurina Febriyanti Ayuningtyas, Intan Noha Brilyanti, Adiastuti Endah Parmadiati, Desiana Radithia et Aulya Setyo Pratiwi. « Management of patients with aphthous-like ulcers related to aplastic anaemia in the COVID-19 pandemic era through teledentistry : A case report ». Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) 55, no 1 (1 mars 2022) : 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/j.djmkg.v55.i1.p49-55.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Background: Aplastic anaemia is a disease that occurs when the body fails to produce enough blood cells. Oral lesions, such as canker sores, are often used as an early marker of this disease condition. In the COVID-19 pandemic era, a teledentistry method is expected to assist in the management of patients with various diseases including aplastic anaemia. Purpose: This case report discusses the management of patients with aphthous-like ulcers related to aplastic anaemia in a 34-year-old woman, based on history, clinical examination, and blood tests through teledentistry. Case: The patient complained of a bleeding wound on the inner left cheek and corner of the left lip that appeared one month ago. There was an ulcer lesion that was bleeding easily in the buccal mucosa sinistra and the angular sinistra, as well as macules lesion on her hand and foot. The complete blood count test exhibits a low platelet level. Case management: The diagnosis was an aphthous-like ulcer related to aplastic anaemia. Patient was treated with topical antiseptic and anti-inflammatory mouthwashes for the oral lesions, as well as collaboration with the medical team. The lesions improved after the patient received a blood transfusion and drug therapy from the internist while she was hospitalized, but the lesions reappeared in other locations in the oral cavity when the platelet level dropped. Conclusion: Management of oral manifestations in patients with aphthous-like ulcers related to aplastic anaemia in the COVID-19 pandemic era can be done through teledentistry. However, this requires sensitivity from the dentist, patient compliance in following instructions, and the involvement of a multidisciplinary approach, such as collaboration with internists to achieve recovery. Delay in detecting and treating aplastic anaemia will lead to death, as in this case.
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Biondi, Enrico, Alan Zamorano, Ernesto Vega, Stefano Ardizzi, Davide Sitta, Flavio Roberto De Salvador, Reinaldo Campos-Vargas et al. « Draft Whole Genome Sequence Analyses on Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae Hypersensitive Response Negative Strains Detected from Kiwifruit Bleeding Sap Samples ». Phytopathology® 108, no 5 (mai 2018) : 552–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-08-17-0278-r.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Kiwifruit bleeding sap samples, collected in Italian and Chilean orchards from symptomatic and asymptomatic plants, were evaluated for the presence of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, the causal agent of bacterial canker. The saps were sampled during the spring in both hemispheres, before the bud sprouting, during the optimal time window for the collection of an adequate volume of sample for the early detection of the pathogen, preliminarily by molecular assays, and then through its direct isolation and identification. The results of molecular analyses showed more effectiveness in the P. syringae pv. actinidiae detection when compared with those of microbiological analyses through the pathogen isolation on the nutritive and semiselective media selected. The bleeding sap analyses allowed the isolation and identification of two hypersensitive response (HR) negative and hypovirulent P. syringae pv. actinidiae strains from different regions in Italy. Moreover, multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) and whole genome sequence (WGS) were carried out on selected Italian and Chilean P. syringae pv. actinidiae virulent strains to verify the presence of genetic variability compared with the HR negative strains and to compare the variability of selected gene clusters between strains isolated in both countries. All the strains showed the lack of argK and coronatine gene clusters as reported for the biovar 3 P. syringae pv. actinidiae strains. Despite the biologic differences obtained in the tobacco bioassays and in pathogenicity assays, the MLSA and WGS analyses did not show significant differences between the WGS of the HR negative and HR positive strains; the difference, on the other hand, between PAC_ICE sequences of Italian and Chilean P. syringae pv. actinidiae strains was confirmed. The inability of the hypovirulent strains IPV-BO 8893 and IPV-BO 9286 to provoke HR in tobacco and the low virulence shown in this host could not be associated with mutations or recombinations in T3SS island.
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Carlucci, A., L. Colatruglio et S. Frisullo. « First Report of Pitch Canker Caused by Fusarium circinatum on Pinus halepensis and P. pinea in Apulia (Southern Italy) ». Plant Disease 91, no 12 (décembre 2007) : 1683. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-91-12-1683c.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Since 2005, pitch canker symptoms have been observed in Apulia (southern Italy, 41°27′42.84″N, 15°33′0.36″E) on numerous trees of Pinus halepensis and P. pinea in urban parks and gardens. Trees showed crown decline as a consequence of dieback of twigs and branches and withering of needles. Bleeding cankers with abundant resin were visible on twigs and branches. The needles of affected twigs and branches wilted, faded, turned yellow, then red, and were discarded. Isolations from symptomatic needles, twigs, and branches were performed on water agar, potato dextrose agar (PDA), and pentachloronitrobenzene medium. A species of Fusarium was consistently isolated from all infected tissues, and pure cultures were obtained by single hyphal tip transfers on PDA and synthetic nutrient agar medium (2). Colonies were incubated at 22 ± 3°C for 7 to 10 days. They produced white aerial mycelia, violet pigment, typically 3-septate macroconidia with slightly curved walls, single-celled microconidia, and characteristic sterile hyphal coils. Microconidia were ovoid or allantoid and born in false heads on aerial polyphialides. The species was identified as Fusarium circinatum Nirenberg & O'Donnell (= F. subglutinans Wollenweb & Reinking) on the basis of morphological and cultural characteristics (3). The identification was confirmed by PCR with specific primers CIRC1A/CIRC4A. The specific primer pair amplified a 360-bp DNA fragment of the two nuclear ribosomal IGS region (4). The pathogenicity of three Italian isolates of F. circinatum from Pinus spp. (Fc1640, Fc1642, and Fc1643 stored in the collection of Dipartimento Scienze Agroambientali, Chimica and Difesa Vegetale, University of Foggia) was evaluated by artificial inoculations on 2-year-old potted seedlings of P. halepensis, P. pinea, P. nigra, P. sylvestris, P. domestica, P. pinaster, P. excelsa, P. radiate, and Pseudotsuga menziesii (10 seedlings for each species and fungal isolate). Small PDA plugs from actively growing colonies of F. circinatum were introduced into a U-shaped cut on the stem of the seedlings and wrapped with moist sterile cottonwool. An equal number of control plants of each Pinus spp. was inoculated with sterile agar. All plants were grown in a nursery at ambient temperature (20 to 28°C). Within 30 days after inoculation, resinous cankers appeared on the stem of the seedlings of P. halepensis, P. pinea, P. domestica, P. pinaster, and P. radiata. Basal needles began to wilt, turn yellow, then red, and were discarded. F. circinatum was reisolated from stems of symptomatic seedlings. No symptoms were observed on seedlings of Pseudotsuga menziesii, P. sylvestris, P. excelsa, and P. nigra or on control seedlings. In Europe, pitch canker caused by F. circinatum previously has been reported only in Spain on P. radiata and P. pinaster (1). There was an unconfirmed report of this disease in Italy ( http://www.eppo.org ), but to our knowledge, this is the first definite conclusive evidence of the presence of pitch canker of pine in Italy. References: (1) E. Landeras et al. Plant Dis. 89:1015, 2005. (2) H. I. Niremberg. Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land-Forstwirtsch. Berl.-Dahl, 169:1, 1976. (3) H. I. Niremberg and K. O'Donnell. Mycologia 90:434, 1998. (4) W. Schweigkofler et al. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70:3512, 2004.
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Pánková, Iveta, Václav Krejzar, Josef Mertelík et Kateřina Kloudová. « The occurrence of lines tolerant to the causal agent of bleeding canker, Pseudomonas syringae pv. aesculi, in a natural horse chestnut population in Central Europe ». European Journal of Plant Pathology 142, no 1 (11 janvier 2015) : 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10658-014-0587-2.
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Alvarez-Azaustre, María Paloma, Rossana Greco et Carmen Llena. « Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Adolescents as Measured with the Child-OIDP Questionnaire : A Systematic Review ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no 24 (9 décembre 2021) : 12995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182412995.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) refers to impacts of oral health on physical, psychological, functional and social aspects of individuals. Among specific measurement instruments to assess OHRQoL in adolescents, the C-OIDP (Child Oral Impact on Daily Performances) questionnaire has demonstrated validity, reliability and suitable psychometric properties. Our aim was to identify cross-sectional studies using the C-OIDP questionnaire to perform a qualitative synthesis and assessment of their methodology and results. A literature electronic search was carried out on the PubMed-Medline, Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), EMBASE, LILACS and SciELO databases, followed by a study selection process and quality assessment. OHRQoL perceived by adolescents is related to age, sex and sociodemographic factors. Eating is the most frequently affected dimension and toothache is the first cause of impact, showing a generally mild intensity and severity of impact. The impact on oral quality of life is greater in younger adolescents. Several factors such as previous caries experience, the DMFT (Decayed, Missed, Filled, Tooth) index, caries in primary teeth, canker sores, bleeding gums and malocclusion have been associated with a lower level of OHRQoL. More longitudinal studies are needed to clarify divergent results and complete our knowledge of oral impacts on quality of life.
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Lynch, Shannon Colleen, Paul J. Zambino, Joey Sal Mayorquin, Danny Ho Wang et Akif Eskalen. « Identification of New Fungal Pathogens of Coast Live Oak in California ». Plant Disease 97, no 8 (août 2013) : 1025–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-11-12-1055-re.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A decline of coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia) has been observed throughout southern California. In this study, the identity and pathogenicity of non-Botryosphaeriaceae fungal species consistently recovered from necrotic tissues of branch and bleeding trunk canker samples from these locations were assessed. Species were identified morphologically and by comparison of the complete sequence of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of the ribosomal DNA to sequences available in GenBank. Phylogenetic analyses were then conducted using ITS and partial sequences of the β-tubulin and mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit genes for unknown species. Fungi recovered and identified included Fusarium solani, Phaeoacremonium mortoniae, Diatrypella verrucaeformis, and a fungus described herein as Cryptosporiopsis querciphila sp. nov. One-year-old coast live oak seedlings were wound inoculated under controlled conditions to test pathogenicity of the fungal species. Each fungal species was successfully reisolated from necrotic tissue at 70 and 100% for P. mortoniae and all other species, and xylem necrosis was significantly different between all treatments and controls (P < 0.0001 at α = 0.05). Isolates of F. solani were the most aggressive tested. These species represent new records of fungal pathogens of coast live oak in California. Results from the pathogenicity test suggest that these fungi play a role in the decline of southern California coast live oak trees.
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Motta, E., T. Annesi, A. Pane, D. E. L. Cooke et S. O. Cacciola. « A New Phytophthora sp. Causing a Basal Canker on Beech in Italy ». Plant Disease 87, no 8 (août 2003) : 1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2003.87.8.1005a.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In autumn 2001, bleeding cankers were observed on the basal portion of the trunk of a declining tree in a forest stand of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in Latium (central Italy). A Phytophthora sp. was isolated consistently from infected trunk bark using whole apples as bait. Isolations were made from brown lesions that developed in the apple pulp around the inserted bark pieces. Pure cultures were obtained by using hyphal tip transfers. Colonies were stellate on V8 juice agar (V8A), uniform to slightly radiate on cornmeal agar, and cottony, without a distinct growth pattern on potato dextrose agar (PDA). On V8A, radial growth rates were 2.1, 4.8, and 4.5 mm/day at 10, 15, and 20°C, respectively. Colonies grew slowly at 5 and 25°C, but failed to grow at 30°C. On PDA, growth was 1.7 and 1.4 mm/day at 15 and 20°C, respectively. Catenulate hyphal swellings formed on solid and liquid media. Sporangia formed abundantly at 15°C, were ovoid to obpyriform, semipapillate, occasionally bipapillate, and had narrow exit pores (mean diameter = 5.4 μm). On V8A, pores were 40 to 50 μm in length and 25 to 40 μm in breadth. Isolates were homothallic with paragynous antheridia, oogonia were spherical with diameters from 32 to 35 μm, and oospores were plerotic with diameters from 20 to 30 μm. Electrophoretic banding patterns of mycelial proteins and isozymes (alkaline phospatase, esterase, glucose-6-phospate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, and superoxide dismutase) of beech isolates were distinct from those of reference isolates of semipapillate Phytophthora species, including P. citricola, P. hibernalis, P. ilicis (IMI 158964), P. psychrophila (CBS 803.95), and P. syringae from citrus fruits, whose identification had been confirmed on the basis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns and sequences. Conversely, the electrophoretic phenotype and the ITS-RFLP pattern (and sequence) of the beech isolates were identical to those of a reference isolate (Ph24) from Quercus cerris, which was originally identified as P. syringae on the basis of morphological and cultural characters (1). However, the isolate Ph24 has been reexamined, and morphological and cultural characteristics as well as the ITS sequence would indicate that this isolate is a new species not yet formally described, for which the name P. pseudosyringae has been suggested (2). The pathogenicity of a beech isolate (IMI 390500) was compared to that of an Italian P. cambivora isolate from European chestnut by inoculating the stems of 16-month-old beech seedlings (10 replicates), which were placed at 18°C with a 12-h photoperiod. The beech isolate produced lesions averaging 2 cm long after 2 months, while those produced by the P. cambivora isolate averaged 3 cm. Control seedlings inoculated with sterile agar did not develop symptoms. The pathogen was reisolated from lesions to fulfil Koch's postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of this new Phytophthora sp. on beech in Italy. Conversely, the same species has been reported to be associated with decline of oak stands (1). References: (1) G. P. Barzanti et al. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 40:149, 2001. (2) T. Jung et al. Phytophthora pseudosyringae sp. nov., a new species causing root and collar rot of deciduous tree species in Europe. Mycol. Res. (In press).
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Rooney-Latham, S., T. E. Tidwell, C. L. Blomquist et K. S. Peek. « First Report of Neofusicoccum nonquaesitum Causing Branch Cankers on Giant Sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum) in North America ». Plant Disease 96, no 6 (juin 2012) : 905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-01-12-0019-pdn.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Between 2001 and 2007, samples from three California native plants showing canker symptoms were submitted to the California Department of Food and Agriculture's Plant Pest Diagnostics laboratory. Giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum) and coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) showed branch cankers and dieback, whereas tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflora) had bleeding bole cankers. Samples were collected from mature trees in private landscapes in El Dorado, Sacramento, and Alameda counties in California. A fungus was isolated on one-half strength acidified potato dextrose agar (APDA) from the canker margins of all three hosts. Colonies were moderately fast growing, initially white, later turning olivaceous black. Pycnidia developed singly or in small groups and contained conidia that measured 18 to 29 × 6 to 8 μm (average 21.5 × 6.8 μm). Conidia were aseptate, hyaline, and fusiform, with truncate bases. rDNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the isolates (GenBank JQ282157 through JQ282159), amplified using primers ITS1 and ITS4 (2), were 100% identical to the holotype isolate of Neofusicoccum nonquaesitum Inderb., Trouillas, Bostock & Michailides (1) by a BLAST query (GenBank GU251163). Pathogenicity of the N. nonquaesitum isolate from giant sequoia (CDFA4) was tested on five saplings using cultures grown on APDA for 14 days. A single wound was made approximately 2 cm above the soil line on the cambium of each plant using a 3-mm cork borer. One 3-mm colonized agar plug was placed on each wound and secured with Parafilm. Plugs of APDA were placed onto wounds of five plants as controls. All plants were kept in a growth chamber at 23°C with a 12-h photoperiod. After 4 days, Parafilm was removed to reveal dark brown cankers measuring 12 to 43 mm long on the inoculated plants. Fourteen days after inoculation, cankers were black, sunken, and measured 79 to 117 mm (average 91.4 mm) long. Most of the inoculated plants were wilted with chlorotic to necrotic foliage. Mature pycnidia with cirri developed in most of the cankers. N. nonquaesitum was reisolated on APDA from all of the cankers. No symptoms developed on the control plants. The experiment was repeated once with similar results. Botryosphaeria dothidea, also in the Botryosphaeriaceae, has been reported to cause similar cankers on giant sequoia and coast redwood in California (3). However, rDNA sequencing of the ITS region of this isolate obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC 60344) (GenBank JQ284384) showed it matched the type specimen of Neofusicoccum australe (GenBank GU251219), not our isolate. To our knowledge, this is the first report of N. nonquaesitum as a pathogen of giant sequoia in North America. This study expands the host range of N. nonquaesitum from almond (Prunus dulcis), California bay (Umbellularia californica), and blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) (1) to include giant sequoia, coast redwood, and tanoak, which are economically important trees in California forests and landscapes. References: (1) P. Inderbitzin et al. Mycologia 102:1350, 2010. (2) T. J. White et al. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1990. (3) J. J. Worrall et al. Plant Dis. 70:757, 1986.
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Hsu, Tzu-Chi. « Foley balloons’ tamponade is an effective method for controlling massive pelvic bleeding during colorectal surgery ». Annals of Coloproctology 38, no 1 (28 février 2022) : 69–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3393/ac.2020.00682.0097.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Purpose: Hemostasis can be achieved by various methods, but it can be difficult to stop active bleeding in the pelvis. An effective method is described to stop massive active bleeding in the pelvis during colorectal surgery.Methods: When there were massive bleedings in the pelvis, 3 to 5 Foley catheters were inserted through stab wounds on the abdomen. The tips of catheters were placed in the pelvis. Each balloon was inflated with 40 mL of sterile water. The water inside each balloon was removed gradually from the third postoperative day. If there is no further bleeding, all catheters were removed on the 7th postoperative day.Results: There were 8 patients (4 males and 4 females) with massive pelvic bleeding encountered from January 1998 to December 2018. Four patients underwent low anterior resection for primary rectal cancer, 2 patients for colon cancer with pelvic recurrence, 1 patient for ovary cancer with pelvic recurrence, and 1 patient for presacral parachordoma with a bleeding tendency. All of the patients survived without further bleeding after surgery.Conclusion: The technique is a simple method to control massive pelvic bleeding during colorectal surgery. It is also inexpensive and effective even in patients with a bleeding tendency.
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Dreaden, T. J., A. W. Black, S. Mullerin et J. A. Smith. « First Report of Diplodia quercivora Causing Shoot Dieback and Branch Cankers on Live Oak (Quercus virginiana) in the United States ». Plant Disease 98, no 2 (février 2014) : 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-07-13-0736-pdn.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In September 2010, live oak (Quercus virginiana Mill.) trees in an Alachua County, FL, shopping center parking lot were observed with shoot dieback and cankers on small branches. Isolations were made from canker margins by surface sterilizing tissue in 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and plating on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubating at 23°C. Fungi morphologically similar to Diplodia quercivora Linaldeddu & A.J.L. Phillips (mycelium initially velvety and white and later turning pale to dark olivaceous and grayish in reverse) were consistently isolated from symptomatic tissue (2). The two loci used by Linaldeddu et al. (2) in the description of D. quercivora were sequenced to identify a representative isolate (PL1345) as D. quercivora. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) (GenBank Accession No. KF386635) and translation factor 1-alpha (EF-1α) (KF386636) regions were amplified and sequenced using primers ITS1F/ITS4 (3) and EF1-728F/EF1-986R (1). BLASTn searches of the two sequences resulted in 99% (467 of 469 and 257 of 259, respectively) homology with D. quercivora CBS 133852, confirming the fungal isolates' identity as D. quercivora. In October 2011, Koch's postulates were verified by inoculating, repeated twice, three Q. virginiana saplings (stem diameters, 12 to 14 mm; at inoculation sites approximately 50 mm above soil line) with isolate PL1345. Agar plugs (3 × 3 mm) taken from the margin of a 12-day-old culture on PDA were inserted into flaps in the stems made by a sterile blade with the mycelia facing the cambial tissue. One negative control tree was mock inoculated with a sterile PDA plug. All inoculation sites were sealed with Parafilm and maintained in a greenhouse (19 to 29°C). Trees were assessed for symptoms 90 days after inoculation. External bleeding was noted on all but one tree, and all flaps became necrotic. Pycnidia were observed on the outer surface of the flap on one inoculated tree. Negative controls showed no bleeding and their tissue flaps remained alive. Vertical length of phloem necrosis and percent of stem girdling were measured after removing the bark. Mean necrotic length and percent girdling for inoculated saplings were 48 mm (standard error [SE] = 10.6) and 26.6% (SE = 5.7) for the first inoculation and 46 mm (SE = 17) and 25% (SE = 5) for the second, respectively. Controls showed no internal necrosis and all produced healthy callus tissue at inoculation sites. Two of the pathogen-inoculated trees per inoculation were sampled and the pathogen was re-isolated from each. Recovered fungal isolates were confirmed as D. quercivora based on morphology and 100% ITS sequence homology to PL1345. D. quercivora was first described as causing shoot dieback and cankers on Q. canariensis in Tunisia and was found to be pathogenic to three additional Mediterranean oak species, Q. ilex, Q. pubescens, and Q. suber (2). To our knowledge, this is the first report of D. quercivora causing cankers on Q. virginiana and the first report of the fungus outside of Tunisia. Given the damage this pathogen has caused there, efforts to monitor the spread of this disease would seem warranted. More research is needed to assess the risk this pathogen poses to North American oaks, however. References: (1) I. Carbone et al. Mycologia 91:553, 1999. (2) B. T. Linaldeddu et al. Mycologia 105:1266, 2013. (3) T. J. White et al. PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, 1990.
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Eikelboom, John W., Stuart J. Connolly, Jacqueline Bosch, Olga Shestakovska, Victor Aboyans, Marco Alings, Sonia S. Anand et al. « Bleeding and New Cancer Diagnosis in Patients With Atherosclerosis ». Circulation 140, no 18 (29 octobre 2019) : 1451–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.119.041949.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Background: Patients treated with antithrombotic drugs are at risk of bleeding. Bleeding may be the first manifestation of underlying cancer. Methods: We examined new cancers diagnosed in relation to gastrointestinal or genitourinary bleeding among patients enrolled in the COMPASS trial (Cardiovascular Outcomes for People Using Anticoagulation Strategies) and determined the hazard of new cancer diagnosis after bleeding at these sites. Results: Of 27 395 patients enrolled (mean age, 68 years; women, 21%), 2678 (9.8%) experienced any (major or minor) bleeding, 713 (2.6%) experienced major bleeding, and 1084 (4.0%) were diagnosed with cancer during a mean follow-up of 23 months. Among 2678 who experienced bleeding, 257 (9.9%) were subsequently diagnosed with cancer. Gastrointestinal bleeding was associated with a 20-fold higher hazard of new gastrointestinal cancer diagnosis (7.4% versus 0.5%; hazard ratio [HR], 20.6 [95% CI, 15.2–27.8]) and 1.7-fold higher hazard of new nongastrointestinal cancer diagnosis (3.8% versus 3.1%; HR, 1.70 [95% CI, 1.20–2.40]). Genitourinary bleeding was associated with a 32-fold higher hazard of new genitourinary cancer diagnosis (15.8% versus 0.8%; HR, 32.5 [95% CI, 24.7–42.9]), and urinary bleeding was associated with a 98-fold higher hazard of new urinary cancer diagnosis (14.2% versus 0.2%; HR, 98.5; 95% CI, 68.0–142.7). Nongastrointestinal, nongenitourinary bleeding was associated with a 3-fold higher hazard of nongastrointestinal, nongenitourinary cancers (4.4% versus 1.9%; HR, 3.02 [95% CI, 2.32–3.91]). Conclusions: In patients with atherosclerosis treated with antithrombotic drugs, any gastrointestinal or genitourinary bleeding was associated with higher rates of new cancer diagnosis. Any gastrointestinal or genitourinary bleeding should prompt investigation for cancers at these sites. Clinical Trial Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT01776424.
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Weddle, Kellie J., Patrick J. Kiel et Parth J. Patel. « Assessment of bleeding incidences associated with rivaroxaban therapy in adults with solid tumors ». Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice 25, no 1 (27 mars 2018) : 192–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078155218765635.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Purpose Report bleeding incidences associated with rivaroxaban in adult patients with solid tumor malignancies requiring anticoagulation therapy. Methods This retrospective review was conducted at Indiana University Health, University Hospital and the Simon Cancer Center in Indianapolis, IN from January 2013 – February 2016. Patients were included if they had a solid tumor malignancy and prescribed rivaroxaban. Data were collected on 144 patients. Major bleeding was defined as bleeding requiring treatment (local, systemic treatment, blood cell transfusions) or hospitalization and minor bleeding was defined as bleeding not requiring treatment or hospitalization. Results Sixty-four (44%) patients experienced bleeding while on rivaroxaban. There were six cancer types that had a higher incidence of bleeding: bladder, breast, melanoma, pancreas, prostate, and renal cell cancers; 40% (6/15) of patients with bladder cancer experienced bleeding; 54% (7/13) with breast cancer experienced bleeding; 40% (4/10) of patients with melanoma experienced bleeding; 58% (11/19) of patients with pancreatic cancer experienced bleeding; 45% (10/22) of patients with prostate cancer experienced bleeding; and 56% (5/9) of patients with renal cell carcinoma experienced bleeding. No other data collected identified increased incidence of bleeding. Conclusions Patients on rivaroxaban with a diagnosis of bladder, breast, melanoma, pancreas, prostate, or renal cell cancers had a higher incidence of bleeding compared to other solid tumors. Major bleeding was higher in bladder, breast, pancreas, and renal cell carcinomas, while minor bleeding was higher in patients with melanoma and prostate cancer.
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Atterman, Adriano, Leif Friberg, Kjell Asplund et Johan Engdahl. « Atrial Fibrillation, Oral Anticoagulants, and Concomitant Active Cancer : Benefits and Risks ». TH Open 05, no 02 (avril 2021) : e176-e182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1728670.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract Aim To determine to what extent active cancer influences the benefit–risk relationship among patients with atrial fibrillation receiving oral anticoagulants for stroke prevention. Methods In this cohort study of all patients with atrial fibrillation in the Swedish Patient register during 2006 to 2017, 8,228 patients with active cancer and 323,394 without cancer were followed up to 1 year after initiation of oral anticoagulants. Cox regression models, adjusting for confounders and the competing risk of death, were used to assess risk of cerebrovascular and bleeding events. Results Among patients treated with oral anticoagulants, the risk for cerebrovascular events did not differ between cancer patients and noncancer patients (subhazard ratio [sHR]: 1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.98–1.29). Cancer patients had a higher risk for bleedings (sHR: 1.69, CI: 1.56–1.82), but not for fatal bleedings (sHR: 1.17, CI: 0.80–1.70). Use of nonvitamin K oral anticoagulants was associated with lower risk of both cerebrovascular events and bleedings compared with warfarin. Conclusion Patients with atrial fibrillation and active cancer appear to have similar net cerebrovascular benefit of oral anticoagulant treatment to patients without cancer, despite an increased risk of nonfatal bleedings. Use of nonvitamin K oral anticoagulants was associated with lower risk of all studied outcomes.
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Hannevik, Trine-Lise, Herish Garresori, Jorunn Brekke, Tone Ronnaug Enden, Hege Froen, Eva-Marie Jacobsen, Petter Quist-Paulsen et al. « Low Dose Apixaban As Secondary Prophylaxis for Venous Thromboembolism in Cancer Patients, 30 Months Follow-up ». Blood 138, Supplement 1 (5 novembre 2021) : 3231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2021-148105.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract Background: Apixaban is a treatment option for venous thromboembolism (VTE) in cancer patients. There are no data on the effect of low dose apixaban after 6 months treatment. We wanted to assess the efficacy and safety of apixaban 2.5 mg twice daily as prophylaxis for recurrent VTE after 6 months initial treatment with full-dose apixaban. Patients and methods: We included 298 patients with cancer and any type of VTE. All patients were treated with full dose apixaban for the first 6 months. After 6 months, all patients with active cancer continued with apixaban 2.5 mg twice daily and were followed for the next 30 months. The primary endpoint of efficacy was recurrent VTE, the primary safety endpoint was major bleedings. Clinically relevant non-major bleedings was a secondary endpoint. The endpoints are reported as incidence rates or fractions with 95% confidence intervals, and as Kaplan-Meier plots. Results: During the first 6 months of full-dose anticoagulation 12 of 298 patients had recurrent VTE (4.0%, 95% confidence interval 2.1-6.9), 16 experienced major bleeding (5.4%, 95% CI 2.8-7.9%), and 26 patients experienced one or more episodes of CRNMB (8.9%, 95% CI 5.5-12) as previously reported. 1 Of the 298 patients included, 196 continued with apixaban 2.5 mg twice daily after 6 months. During treatment from 6 to 36 months with low-dose apixaban 15 of 196 (7.6%, 95% CI: 4.4-12) patients had recurrent VTE, 7 (3.6%, CI: 1.5-7.2) patients experienced major bleeding and 16 (8.2%, 95% CI: 4.7-13) patients experienced CRNMB. The highest incidence rate of both recurrent VTE and major bleedings were seen during the first month of full-dose apixaban (Table 1). After the dose reduction of apixaban, the incidence rate of recurrent VTE increased slightly during 6 to 12 months while the incidence rate of major bleeding decreased during the same time-period. After 12 months the incidence rate of both recurrent VTE and major bleeding was low and remained low during the entire 30 months follow-up (Table 1 and Figure 1). The Kaplan-Meier plot of the composite endpoint of recurrent VTE or major bleeding did not change after dose-reduction. After about 9 months treatment (i.e. 3 months on low dose apixaban) the Kaplan-Meier curve of the composite endpoint flattened out. Conclusion: Dose reduction of apixaban to 2.5 mg twice daily after 6 months of full dose anticoagulation resulted in a small increase in recurrent VTE, but a marked decrease in major bleedings during the 6-12 months period. After approximately 9 months the frequency of recurrent VTE and major bleedings remained low compared with the first 6 months of full-dose treatment. Reducing the dose of apixaban to 2.5 mg twice daily after 6 months of full-dose treatment appears safe and effective. References 1. Hannevik TL, Brekke J, Enden T, et al: Thrombosis and bleedings in a cohort of cancer patients treated with apixaban for venous thromboembolism. Thromb Res, 2020 Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Hannevik: Pfizer/Bristol Myers Squibb: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Garresori: Pfizer: Honoraria; Amgen: Honoraria; Bayer: Honoraria. Froen: Bristol-Myers Squibb: Honoraria; Amgen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Porojnicu: Bristol-Myers Squibb: Honoraria. Ghanima: Bayer, BMS/Pfizer: Research Funding; Amgen, Novartis, Pfizer, Bristol Myers Squibb, SOBI, Griffols, Sanofi: Honoraria; Amgen, Novartis, Pfizer, Principia Biopharma Inc- a Sanofi Company, Sanofi, SOBI, Griffols, UCB, Argenx: Consultancy. Dahm: Pfizer: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria; Pfizer/Bristol-Myers Squibb: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.
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Sigua, B. V., V. P. Zemlyanoy, I. I. Gubkov, A. M. Danilov, D. S. Sakhno, E. A. Zakharov et A. B. Guslev. « THE TACTICS OF SURGICAL TREATMENT FOR GASTRIC BLEEDING TUMORS IN ELDERLY AND SENILE PATIENTS ». Russian Sklifosovsky Journal "Emergency Medical Care" 7, no 2 (25 juillet 2018) : 152–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.23934/2223-9022-2018-7-2-152-155.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The results of treatment of 112 patients of elderly and senile age patients with non-metastatic gastric cancer, complicated by bleeding were analyzed. Most often bleedings occurred for stomach cancer stage III−IV. The tumor was commonly located in the gastric body. The vast majority of patients had only one complication — bleeding. In the second (control) group, there was no unified diagnostic and treatment algorithm, patients were usually operated urgently upon admission or in case of recurrent bleeding. The differential diagnostic and treatment algorithm was developed for patients of group I (main) taking into account the condition of a patient and the severity of bleeding or repeated bleeding. In the control group, the indications for emergency surgery were continued bleeding and inefficiency of endoscopic hemostasis. In the main group, the risk of recurrent bleeding was considered as well, and in case of high risk emergency surgery was performed after a full preoperative preparation. In addition, the cardial part or 2/3 of the stomach were not resected by reason of the deliberate non-radical tactics. It is worth noting that in the I group argon plasma coagulation, complemented by the hemostatic system EndoClot was used for endoscopic hemostasis. Through the use of the developed algorithm we managed to reliably reduce the frequency of complications from 50 to 28.5% (p<0.05), and mortality rate from 28.8 to 3.77% (p<0.001).
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Kariya, Shinji, Ichiro Yamasaki, Shingo Ashida, Kenji Tamura, Taro Shuin, Akihito Nishioka et Yashuhiro Ogawa. « High-dose-rate brachytherapy combined with external beam radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer : Correlation between clinical and dosimetric parameters and the incidence of rectal bleeding. » Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no 6_suppl (20 février 2013) : 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.6_suppl.213.
Texte intégralRésumé :
213 Background: Several investigators have advocated that the alpha/beta ratio for prostate cancer is atypically low, and that hypofractionated radiotherapy or high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT) regimens using appropriate radiation doses are expected to improve the local control rate for localized prostate cancer. However, the increase in the total biological effective dose (BED) may cause increased severity and incidence of normal tissue complications. The purpose of this study was to investigate what clinical and dosimetric factors affected the incidence of rectal bleeding after HDR-BT combined with external beam radiotherapy (EBRT). Methods: A total of 143 patients with localized prostate cancer underwent HDR-BT combined with EBRT. The fractionation schema for HDR-BT and EBRT was prospectively changed: 9 Gy x 2 + 2 Gy x 20 (BED1.5 = 219 Gy, BED3 = 139 Gy) in 57 patients (Group 1); and 9 Gy x 2 + 3 Gy x 13 (BED1.5 = 243 Gy, BED3= 150 Gy) in 86 patients (Group 2). Median follow-up was 59 (range, 36 – 94) months. The toxicities were graded based on the National Cancer Institute-Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v3.0. Results: Sixteen (11.2 %) and one patients developed Grade 2 and 3 rectal bleedings, respectively. There were no significant differences between Group 1 and Group 2 in the incidence of Grade 2 and 3 rectal bleedings (12.3% and 11.6%, respectively). Grade 2 and 3 rectal bleedings occurred much more in the patients receiving the antiplatelet therapy (AT) (19.4%) than those without a history of AT (9.8%) and in the patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) (37.5%) than those without DM (10.4%). However, neither AT nor DM were risk factors in univariate analysis. Regarding dosimetric factors, V75 > 2cc, V90 > 0.2cc, D2 > 7 Gy, and D1 > 7.4 Gy were statistically-significant risk factors. In multivariate analysis, DM was the only statistically-significant risk factor. Conclusions: BED escalation could be performed without severe rectal bleeding in HDR-BT combined with EBRT. V75 > 2cc, V90 > 0.2cc, D2 > 7 Gy, D1 > 7.4 Gy, and DM were risk factors for the incidence of rectal bleeding in HDR-BT combined with EBRT. Clinical trial information: 18-9.