Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Black Knights Inc. series »

Contemporary wealth inequality has prompted a renewed and increased interest in the role that external funding plays in civil society. While observers frequently consider how big philanthropy influences education, politics, and social services, few historical treatments of the postwar era have addressed the interaction between foundation philanthropy and American religion. Black Christianity stands as one clear example of this oversight. Numerous studies of black life in the twentieth-century have engaged the tensions between internal prerogatives and external influences without applying those questions to black churches. This article begins that exploration by focusing on Lilly Endowment, Inc.—the most consistent twentieth-century source of foundation support for religion—and analyzing its interactions with a series of summer seminars for black ministers hosted at Virginia Union University. Though contextual changes in the latter twentieth century altered the nature of Lilly Endowment’s relationship with its recipients, two decades of collaboration reveal how black Christians exerted substantial influence over the trajectory of Lilly Endowment’s growing program in religious giving.

Although roses have long been an important landscape plant, there is a growing interest in the use of low-maintenance roses that do not require heavy pruning or spraying. Poulsen Roser Pacific, Inc. of Central Point, Oregon, provided three plants of 48 cultivars for a trial in Stillwater, Oklahoma. The plants were produced in Oregon by grafting cultivars on seedling Rosa multiflora rootstock. Two-year-old plants were shipped bare-root to Stillwater, Oklahoma where they were planted in the field in early April, 2001. The plants were placed in three randomized complete blocks (rows) with 90 cm spacing between plants and 240 cm spacing between rows. The plants were drip irrigated as needed. During the 2002 growing season the roses were evaluated weekly for flower number, black spot, and overall quality. Four rose cultivars from Poulsen's Town and Country® series of landscape roses, Martha's Vineyard™ (`Poulans'), followed by Madison™ (`Poulrijk'), Kent™ (`Poulcov'), and Tumbling Waters™ (`Poultumb'), had the highest average flower number. Martha's Vineyard™, Kent™, and Tumbling Waters™ also rated highest among the cultivars tested for overall plant quality and black spot resistance. Other roses in the top grouping (Waller-Duncan K-ratio t test) for black spot resistance and overall quality were: Ragtime™ (`Poultieme', a climber from the Courtyard® series), Sophia Renaissance® (`Poulen002', Renaissance® series), Nashville™ (`Poulbico', Town and Country® series), Redwood™ (`Poultry', National Parks® series), Julia Renaissance® (`Poulheart', Renaissance® series), Santa Barbara™ (`Pouloesy', Town and Country® series), and Everglades™ (`Poulege', National Parks® series).

Abstract Background/objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic impacted healthcare visit trends, propelling healthcare systems to reduce in-person visits and hospital admissions and increasingly rely on telemedicine; whether there are differences in these trends across racial groups is unknown. This study investigated potential racial disparities in visits during the pandemic for patients with documented active treatment for hematologic malignancies. Methods: We used the nationwide Flatiron Health electronic health record (EHR)-derived de-identified database to select patients with confirmed diagnosis of AML, DLBCL, FL, MCL, CLL or MM, at least 18 years old at initial diagnosis, and documented race in the EHR as Black/African American or White were included. Patients were categorized into treatment types within lines of therapy: Orals (orals + outpatient infusions with orals) vs. Inpatient treatments (chemotherapy, hematopoietic transplants & CAR-T cell therapy). Monthly visit rates were calculated as the number of visits (telemedicine or in-person [in-clinic treatment administration, vitals, and/or labs]) per active patient per 30-day standardized month, except for months in which the patient was considered not active (e.g. no documented therapy, surveillance). We used time-series forecasting methods on pre-pandemic monthly visit rate data (March 2016 - February 2020) to estimate projected counterfactual monthly visit rates (expected rates if the pandemic did not occur) between March 2020 - February 2021 for all diseases combined, for each disease, each treatment type, and each race. Differences between projected and actual monthly visit rates during the pandemic period were considered significant and related due to the pandemic if the actual visit rate was outside of the 95% prediction interval (PI) surrounding the projected estimate. We used cross-correlation analysis to test for significant differences in visit rates between Black and White patients. Results: The analysis included 17,621 patients (2,225 Black, 15,396 White): 3,041 AML, 2,715 DLBCL, 1,558 FL, 1,511 MCL, 3,813 CLL and 5,244 MM (1,166 Black, 4078 White). Across all diseases and treatment categories, Black patients had no significant reductions in in-person visit rates throughout the pandemic period compared to the projected rates. There was, however, an 18% statistically significant reduction (95% PI 9.9% - 25%) in in-person visit rates for White patients on orals during early pandemic months (March - May 2020) from a projected visit rate of 2.0 (95% PI 1.8 - 2.2) visits per patient per month to an actual visit rate of 1.61. There was no significant reduction in in-person visit rates for White patients on inpatient treatments. Telemedicine uptake was significantly higher for White patients compared with Black patients for all diseases combined across all treatment categories (Figure A & B) (t = 9.5, p < 0.01), AML inpatient treatments (t = 2.4, p = 0.04), MM orals (Figure C) (t = 6.0, p < 0.01) and MM inpatient treatments (Figure D) (t = 2.3, p = 0.04). Conclusions: A tradeoff in reductions in in-person visits and uptake of telemedicine use was observed overall. White patients had significantly higher telemedicine uptake compared with Black patients for both oral and inpatient treatments. In-person visit rates for Black patients were unchanged regardless of treatment category. These in-person visit rates reflect documented telemedicine use disparities, which requires further study into possible compound causes, including economic and societal factors. Figure. Trends over time in telemedicine visit rates for White patients (blue line) and Black patients (black line) Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Neparidze: Eidos Therapeutics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; GlaxoSmithKline: Research Funding; Janssen: Research Funding. Lau: Flatiron Health Inc: Current Employment; Roche: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Wang: Flatiron Health: Current Employment; Roche: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Davidoff: Amgen: Consultancy; AbbVie: Other: Family member consultancy. Huntington: Bayer: Honoraria; Servier: Consultancy; Pharmacyclics: Consultancy, Honoraria; Thyme Inc: Consultancy; Genentech: Consultancy; AbbVie: Consultancy; SeaGen: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding; Flatiron Health Inc.: Consultancy; DTRM Biopharm: Research Funding; TG Therapeutics: Research Funding; AstraZeneca: Consultancy, Honoraria; Novartis: Consultancy. Calip: Flatiron Health Inc: Current Employment; Roche: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company; Pfizer: Research Funding. Shah: AstraZeneca: Research Funding; Seattle Genetics: Research Funding; Epizyme: Research Funding. Stephens: Adaptive: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Consultancy; Abbvie: Consultancy; CSL Behring: Consultancy; Novartis: Research Funding; Karyopharm: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; JUNO: Research Funding; Mingsight: Research Funding; AstraZeneca: Consultancy; Innate Pharma: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Beigene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; TG Therapeutics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Epizyme: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Arqule: Research Funding. Miksad: Flatiron Health Inc: Current Employment, Current holder of individual stocks in a privately-held company; Roche: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Parikh: Onc.AI: Current holder of individual stocks in a privately-held company; Humana: Honoraria, Research Funding; Flatiron Health Inc: Honoraria; Thyme Care: Honoraria; Nanology: Honoraria; GNS Healthcare: Current holder of individual stocks in a privately-held company. Takvorian: Genentech: Consultancy; Pfizer: Research Funding. Seymour: Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Roche: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company; Pharmacyclics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Flatiron Health Inc: Current Employment; Karyopharm: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.

This paper discusses the new design of a amplifier for the miniature MEMS-type spectrometer. The application problem of the new amplifier was the correct conditioning of the sensor's photoelectric pulses. The processed signal was a sequence of pulses that had variable both frequency and amplitude value. Thus, such a broadband amplifier should have the functionality of automatic gain control. This paper describes the concept of the new circuit, develops its detailed application, and then performs validation tests. Measurement results of the new circuit are discussed in the final section of the paper. Full Text: PDF ReferencesC. Ortolani, Flow Cytometry Today. Detectors and Electronics, (Springer 2022). pp. 97-119, CrossRef D. Maes, L. Reis, S. Poelman, E. Vissers, V. Avramovic, M. Zaknoune, G. Roelkens, S. Lemey, E. Peytavit, B. Kuyken, "High-Speed Photodiodes on Silicon Nitride with a Bandwidth beyond 100 GHz", Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, Optica Publishing Group, (2022). CrossRef R. Das, Y. Xie, A.P. Knights, "All-Silicon Low Noise Photonic Frontend For LIDAR Applications", 2022 IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC), IEEE Xplore (2022). CrossRef FEMTO Messtechnik GmbH, Variable Gain Photoreceiver - Fast Optical Power Meter Series OE-200, DirectLink M. Nehir, C. Frank, S. Aßmann, E.P. Achterberg, "Improving Optical Measurements: Non-Linearity Compensation of Compact Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) Spectrometers", Sensors 19(12), 2833 (2019). CrossRef F. Thomas,; R. Petzold, C. Becker, U. Werban, "Application of Low-Cost MEMS Spectrometers for Forest Topsoil Properties Prediction", Sensors 21(11), 3927 (2021). CrossRef M. Muhiyudin, D. Hutson, D. Gibson, E. Waddell, S. Song, S. Ahmadzadeh, "Miniaturised Infrared Spectrophotometer for Low Power Consumption Multi-Gas Sensing", Sensors 20(14), 3843 (2020). CrossRef S. Maruyama, T Hizawa, K. Takahashi, K. Sawada, "Optical-Interferometry-Based CMOS-MEMS Sensor Transduced by Stress-Induced Nanomechanical Deflection", Sensors 18(1), 138 (2018). CrossRef S. Merlo, P. Poma, E. Crisà, D. Faralli, M. Soldo, "Testing of Piezo-Actuated Glass Micro-Membranes by Optical Low-Coherence Reflectometry", Sensors 17(3), 8 (2017). CrossRef M.S. Wei, F. Xing, B. Li, Z. You, "Investigation of Digital Sun Sensor Technology with an N-Shaped Slit Mask", Sensors 11(10), 9764 (2011). CrossRef Z. Yang, T. Albrow-Owen, W. Cai, T. Hasan, "Miniaturization of optical spectrometers", Science 371, 6528 (2021). CrossRef Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. Fingertip size, ultra-compact spectrometer head integrating MEMS and image sensor technologies. DirectLink Microchip Technology Inc, MCP6291/1R/2/3/4/5 1.0 mA 10 MHz Rail-to-Rail Op Amp, CrossRef Microchip Technology Inc. MCP6021/1R/2/3/4 Rail-to-Rail Input/Output 10 MHz Op Amps, CrossRef

Abstract Background Existing disparities in vaccination rates across different social and demographic groups in the US may have been exacerbated during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID) pandemic, leaving some children at risk for vaccine-preventable diseases. This study examined sociodemographic and risk factors of PCV13 infant primary series vaccination completion, before and during COVID. Methods Retrospective data from the Optum’s de-identified Clinformatics Data Mart Database were used to create 3 cohorts: C1, Pre-COVID; C2, During COVID; C3, Cross-COVID (Figure 1). C1 and C3 (C1&3) were combined and compared with C2 for primary dosing completion before and during COVID according to infant/caregiver characteristics. Full completion (FC) was defined as receipt of 3 doses of PCV13 within 8 months of birth. Multivariable logistic regression was used to compare FC vs. partial completion or no vaccine. Descriptive analyses were used to compare FC before and during COVID within subgroups. Figure 1: Study population and inclusion criteria Results A total of 132,183 and 16,522 infants with at least 8 months of follow up time were enrolled in C1&3 and C2, respectively. FC was significantly higher before COVID-19 (adjusted odds ratio = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.07-1.17). Adjusting for COVID, FC was significantly lower in infants who were Black, with co-morbidities or risk factors, living in households with >1 children or no children, household annual income < &99k, residing in a neighborhood with median education of high school or below, and whose primary caregiver was aged <25 years (Table 1). Comparing FC before and during COVID, the % decline relative to pre-COVID was > 2% among infants who were White, residing in the Mountain, New England or Pacific regions, in a household with 2 children, >&100k annual income, employer-based insurance or HMO, and median neighborhood education of bachelor degree plus (Table 2). Table 1. Multivariable binomial logistic regression results for PCV13 full primary dosing completion vs. not full completion (partial or no vaccine), N=144,799* Table 2. Primary dosing full completion rate pre-COVID vs. during COVID by social, demographic, and clinical risk factors Conclusion Health inequities in PCV13 primary series completion existed prior to COVID-19 and have remained during the pandemic. Our results, however, suggest that during the pandemic, groups traditionally considered to have better healthcare access (Whites, higher income, more education) had more impact on vaccine uptake. Further research is needed to confirm these trends as COVID mitigation measures subside. Disclosures Liping Huang, MD, MA, MS, Pfizer Inc (Employee) Jennifer L Nguyen, ScD, MPH, Pfizer Inc. (Employee) Johnna Perdrizet, MPH, Pfizer Inc (Employee) Tamuno Alfred, PhD, Pfizer Inc. (Employee) Adriano Arguedas, MD, Pfizer (Employee)

Abstract Background Echinococcus multilocularis is a destructive zoonotic cestode with low human incidence. Hydatid disease classically presents with hepatic or lung involvement with infrequent extrahepatic bone destruction. Diagnosis is challenging due to its latency and mimicry. Fig.1: Case 1 - X-ray imaging of the pelvis shows osseous destruction of the iliac crest secondary to known osteomyelitis status post left ilium debridement. Fig.2: Case 1 - Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrates extensive osteomyelitis throughout left ilium. Stable scattered focal fluid collections seen throughout the left lower quadrant. Methods CASE 1: A 57 year-old Albanian male with diabetes, latent TB, and left iliac lytic lesion presented with 4 weeks of left flank pain and was treated with 6 weeks of IV Ceftriaxone and Flagyl. 2 years later he returned with flank pain and purulent lumbar drainage. Hip x-ray suggested chronic osteomyelitis, with left psoas fluid collections on CT. Bartonella, Q fever, Brucella, HIV, AFB and fungal serologies were negative. Hemipelvis debridement revealed structures concerning for hydatid disease. Echinococcus IgG was equivocal. Histopathology was consistent with Echinococcus multilocularis species, and albendazole was started. On follow-up, he presented with left hip tenderness and toe extensor weakness. Labs showed mild leukocytosis. CT revealed progressive destruction of the left iliac with sacroiliac extension concerning for abscess. CASE 2: A 36 year-old female presented with lung and liver cysts, progressive dyspnea, and non-productive cough. She lived in Africa, Asia, and Europe and consumed local street food and unpasteurized milk. Hobbies included spelunking and swimming in freshwater lakes. She had exposure to stray animals, but denied bites or scratches. Over 4 years dyspnea progressed to orthopnea. MR abdomen revealed a 10x6x12cm liver cyst and chest CT showed 2 fluid-attenuating lesions in the LLL and RLL, measuring 4.9 x 6.0 cm and 6.8 x 4.3 cm respectively. Echinococcus, Bartonella, Q fever, Brucella, HIV, AFB and fungal serologies were negative. Schistosomiasis serology was equivocal. Fig. 3: Case 2 - MRI abdomen demonstrating 10x6x12cm liver cyst Fig. 4: Case 2 - Chest CT showed 2 dominant fluid attenuating lesions within the LLL and RLL. The larger lesion in RLL measures 6.8 x 4.3 cm. The left lower lobe lesion measures 4.9 x 6.0 cm. Results Patient 1 underwent type I hemipelvectomy. Patient 2 underwent pulmonary segmentectomy and liver lobectomy. Both were continued on albendazole. Fig. 5: Case 1 - Photo taken during debridement of left ileac and hip. Note presence of white cysts discovered intraoperatively. Fig. 6: Case 1 - Histopathologic slides (H&E stain) demonstrating hooks and scolices consistent with Echinococcus multilocularis. A. Hooklet (100x magnification). B. Hydatid cyst with black-staining structures suggestive of degenerating hooklets. C. Zoomed detail of cyst wall. D. Degenerating hydatid cyst and hooklets. Conclusion Equivocal IgG serology does not exclude infection. History and clinical presentation are key to diagnosis, but histopathology remains the gold standard. Hydatid bone infection progresses insidiously and frequently recurs, depending upon excision and debridement. Finally, echinococcosis demands aggressive long-term therapy and surveillance. Disclosures Claudia R. Libertin, MD, Pfizer, Inc. (Grant/Research Support, Research Grant or Support)

-Mohammed F. Khayum, Michael B. Connolly ,The economics of the Caribbean Basin. New York: Praeger, 1985. xxiii + 355 pp., John McDermott (eds)-Susan F. Hirsch, Herome Wendell Lurry-Wright, Custom and conflict on a Bahamian out-island. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1987. xxii + 188 pp.-Evelyne Trouillot-Ménard, Agence de Cooperation Culturelle et Technique, 1,000 proverbes créoles de la Caraïbe francophone. Paris: Editions Caribéennes, 1987. 114 pp.-Sue N. Greene, Amon Saba Saakana, The colonial legacy in Caribbean literature. Trenton NJ: Africa World Press, Inc. 1987. 128 pp.-Andrew Sanders, Cees Koelewijn, Oral literature of the Trio Indians of Surinam. In collaboration with Peter Riviére. Dordrecht and Providence: Foris Publications, 1987. (Caribbean Series 6, KITLV/Royal Institute of Linguistics anbd Anthropology). xiv + 312 pp.-Janette Forte, Nancie L. Gonzalez, Sojouners of the Caribbean: ethnogenesis and ethnohistory of the Garifuna. Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1988. xi + 253 pp.-Nancie L. Gonzalez, Neil L. Whitehead, Lords of the Tiger Spirit: a history of the Caribs in colonial Venezuela and Guyana 1498-1820. Dordrecht and Providence: Foris Publications, 1988. (Caribbean Series 10, KITLV/Royal Institute of Linguistics and Anthropology.) x + 250 pp.-N.L. Whitehead, Andrew Sanders, The powerless people. London and Basingstoke: Macmillan Publishers Ltd., 1987. iv + 220 pp.-Russell Parry Scott, Kenneth F. Kiple, The African exchange: toward a biological history of black people. Durham: Duke University Press, 1987. vi + 280 pp.-Colin Clarke, David Dabydeen ,India in the Caribbean. London: Hansib Publishing Ltd., 1987. 326 pp., Brinsley Samaroo (eds)-Juris Silenieks, Edouard Glissant, Caribbean discourse: selected essays. Translated and with an introduction by J. Michael Dash. Charlottesville, Virginia: The University Press of Virginia, 1989. xlvii + 272 pp.-Brenda Gayle Plummer, J. Michael Dash, Haiti and the United States: national stereotypes and the literary imagination. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1988. xv + 152 pp.-Evelyne Huber, Michel-Rolph Trouillot, Haiti: state against nation: the origins and legacy of Duvalierism. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1990. 282 pp.-Leon-Francois Hoffman, Alfred N. Hunt, Hiati's influence on Antebellum America: slumbering volcano of the Caribbean. Baton Rouge and London: Louisiana State University Press, 1988. xvi + 196 pp.-Brenda Gayle Plummer, David Healy, Drive to hegemony: the United States in the Caribbean, 1898-1917. Madison, Wisconsin: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1988. xi + 370 pp.-Anthony J. Payne, Jorge Heine ,The Caribbean and world politics: cross currents and cleavages. New York and London: Holmes and Meier Publishers, Inc., 1988. ix + 385 pp., Leslie Manigat (eds)-Anthony P. Maingot, Jacqueline Anne Braveboy-Wagner, The Caribbean in world affairs: the foreign policies of the English-speaking states. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1989. vii + 244 pp.-Edward M. Dew, H.F. Munneke, De Surinaamse constitutionele orde. Nijmegen, The Netherlands: Ars Aequi Libri, 1990. v + 120 pp.-Charles Rutheiser, O. Nigel Bolland, Colonialism and resistance in Belize: essays in historical sociology. Benque Viejo del Carmen, Belize: Cubola Productions / Institute of Social and Economic Research / Society for the Promotion of Education and Research, 1989. ix + 218 pp.-Ken I. Boodhoo, Selwyn Ryan, Trinidad and Tobago: the independence experience, 1962-1987. St. Augustine, Trinidad: ISER, 1988. xxiii + 599 pp.-Alan M. Klein, Jay Mandle ,Grass roots commitment: basketball and society in Trinidad and Tobago. Parkersburg, Iowa: Caribbean Books, 1988. ix + 75 pp., Joan Mandle (eds)-Maureen Warner-Lewis, Reinhard Sander, The Trinidad Awakening: West Indian literature of the nineteen-thirties. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1988. 168 pp.

Abstract Background mRNA vaccines for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) illicit strong humoral and cellular responses and have high efficacy for preventing and reducing the risk of severe illness from COVID-19. Since solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients were excluded from the phase 3 trials, the efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccine remains unknown. Understanding the serological responses to COVID vaccines among SOT recipients is essential to better understand vaccine protection for this vulnerable population. Methods In this prospective cohort study, a subset of SOT recipients who were part of our center’s larger antibody study were enrolled prior to receipt of two doses of the BNT162b2 (Pfizer, Inc) vaccine for high resolution immunophenotyping. To date, plasma has been collected for 10 participants on the day of their first dose (baseline), day of their second dose, and 28 days post second dose. 23 healthy participants planning to receive either BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 (ModernaTX, Inc) were also enrolled, providing plasma at the same timepoints. Ultrasensitive single-molecule array (Simoa) assays were used to detect SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S), S1, receptor-binding domain (RBD) and Nucleocapsid (N) IgG antibodies. Results Participant demographics and SOT recipient characteristics are summarized in Table 1. Low titers of anti-N IgG at all timepoints indicate no natural infection with COVID-19 during the study (Fig 1A). There were significantly lower magnitudes for anti-S (p< 0.0001), anti-S1 (p< 0.0001), and anti-RBD (p< 0.0001) IgG titers on the day of dose 2 and day 28 post second dose for SOT recipients compared to healthy controls (Fig 1B,C,D). Using the internally validated threshold of anti-S IgG >1.07 based on pre-pandemic controls, only 50% of the SOT sub-cohort responded to vaccine after series completion (Fig 2). There was a positive trend between months from transplant and anti-S IgG titer (Fig 3). Table 1: Demographics Figure 1: Anti-N, Anti-S, Anti-S1, Anti-RBD and Anti-N Ig G for healthy v. SOT cohort Black error bars denote median and 95% CI. The dotted line on panel B denotes an internally validated cutoff of 1.07; anti-S IgG titers greater than 1.07 denote a positive response. Figure 3: Time from Transplant v. anti-S IgG Titer SOT recipients further out from transplant tend to have a higher anti-S IgG response. The dotted line denotes an internally validated cutoff, with anti-S IgG titers greater than 1.07 indicating a positive response. Conclusion SOT recipients had a significantly decreased humoral response to mRNA COVID-19 vaccines compared to the healthy cohort, with those further out from transplant more likely to respond. Further research is needed to evaluate T-cell responses and clinical efficacy to maximize the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine response among SOT recipients. Disclosures Ann E. Woolley, MD, MPH, COVAX (Consultant) David Walt, PhD, Quanterix Corporation (Board Member, Shareholder)

- Matthias Stiefel, W.F. Wertheim, Matthias Stiefel, Rejoinder to Duller’s review in BKI 142-I, with comments by H.J. Duller., W.F. Wertheim (eds.) - K.A. Adelaar, James T. Collins, The historical relationship of the languages of central Maluku, Indonesia, Pacific Linguistics Series D, No. 47, 1983. - J.G. de Casparis, Antoinette M. Barrett Jones, Early tenth-century Java from the inscriptions. A study of economic, social and administrative conditions in the first quarter of the century, Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde No. 107, Dordrecht/Cinnaminson 1984. XI + 204 pp. - P.J. Drooglever, L. de Jong, Het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden in de Tweede Wereldoorlog, deel 11a, Nederlands-Indië I, eerste en tweede helft, Martinus Nijhoff, Leiden 1984, 1199 pp., kaarten, foto’s. - David T. Hill, Julie Southwood, Indonesia: Law, propaganda and terror, with foreword by W.F. Wertheim, Zed press, 1983, 272 pp., Patrick Flanagan (eds.) - V.J.H. Houben, C.Ch. van den Haspel, Overwicht in overleg. Hervormingen van justitie, grondgebruik en bestuur in de Vorstenlanden op Java 1880-1930, VKI 111, Dordrecht: Foris publications, 1985. - Maarten Kuitenbrouwer, J. van Goor, Imperialisme in de marge. De afronding van Nederlands-Indië, Utrecht 1985. - Harry A. Poeze, Hansje Galesloot, De Nederlandse vakbondsperiodieken van het IISG; Systematisch overzicht. Amsterdam: Stichting Internationaal Instituut voor Sociale Geschiedenis, 1985, xiv + 241 pp., Tom van der Meer (eds.) - Harry A. Poeze, Frits G.P. Jacquet, Sources of the history of Asia and Oceania in the Netherlands. Part II: Sources 1796-1949. München etc.: Saur, 1983, 547 pp. - Harry A. Poeze, Mies Campfens, De Nederlandse archieven van het Internationaal Instituut voor sociale geschiedenis te Amsterdam. Amsterdam: Van Gennep, 1984, 294 pp. - Harry A. Poeze, Henk Hondius, Inventaris van het archief van de Sociaal-Democratische arbeiders partij (SDAP) 1894-1946. Amsterdam: Stichting Internationaal Instituut voor sociale geschiedenis, 1985, xxviii + 210 pp., Margreet Schrevel (eds.) - Jan van der Putten, Slamet Modiwirjo, Panglipur Ati (ed. Johan Sarmo & Hein Vruggink), Uitgegeven door de afdeling cultuurstudies van het Ministerie van Volksmobilisatie en cultuur (Suriname), 1983. - Jan van der Putten, Saleman Siswowitono, Dongèng Kancil; Het verhaal van kantjil (ed. J.J. Sarmo & H.D. Vruggink), Een uitgave van de afdeling cultuur studies van het Ministerie van cultuur, Jeugd en Sport (Suriname), 1983. - Jan van der Putten, Pamin Asmawidjaja, Djoko miskin; De arme jongeling (ed. J.J. Sarmo & H.D. Vruggink), Een uitgave van de afdeling cultuur studies van het Ministerie van cultuur, jeugd en sport (Suriname), 1983. - Jan van der Putten, Johan J. Sarmo, Cikal; Kalawarti Jawa-Suriname, Wonny Karijopawiro (redactie), Nummers 1 tot en met 4 (1: 1982; 2: mei 1983; 3: oktober 1983; 4: maart 1984)., Sari Kasanpawiro, Hein Vruggink (eds.) - S.C. van Randwijck, Th. van den End, De Gereformeerde Zendingsbond (1901-1961) Nederland-Tanah Toraja, een bronnenpublicatie, bewerkt door Dr. Th. van den End, 782 pp., 1985. - R. Roolvink, Judith Nagata, The reflowering of Malaysian Islam - Modern religious radicals and their roots, University of Columbia Press, Vancouver, 1984, xxv + 267 pp., 2 appendixes, index. - Roger Tol, Soenjono Dardjowidjojo, Vocabulary building in Indonesian: an advanced reader. Ohio University, Monographs in international studies, Southeast Asia series No. 64, 1984. XVII, 647 pp. - R.S. Wassing, Annegret Haake, Javanische Batik. Methode, Symbolik, Geschichte (Javanese Batik. Method, symbolism, history), Hannover: Verlag M. + H. Schaper (Textilkunst-Fach-schrifte), 1984. Bound, 128 pp., 24 colour ills., black and white ills., drawings. - R.S. Wassing, Inger McCabe Elliott, Batik. Fabled cloth of Java, New York: Clarkson N. Potter Inc., 1984. Bound, 240 pp., 128 colour ills., black and white ills., drawings. - R.S. Wassing, Alit Veldhuisen-Djajasoebrata, Bloemen van het heelal. De Kleurrijke wereld van de textiel op Java (Flowers of the Universe. The colourful world of textiles in Java), Amsterdam: A.W. Sijthoff’s Uitgeversmaatschappij B.V., 1984. Bound, 166 pp., 55 colour ills., numerous black and white ills., drawings. - Colin Yallop, Bambang Kaswanti Purwo, Towards a description of contemporary Indonesian: Preliminary studies, Part I; John W.M. Verhaar (ed.), Towards a description of contemporary Indonesian: Preliminary studies, Part II; NUSA Linguistic studies of Indonesian and other languages in Indonesia, vols 18 and 19, Jakarta, 1984, 64 and 74 pp., John W.M. Verhaar (eds.)

This chapter seeks to capture and establish the major economic policy trajectories that emerged from China's entry into the World Trade Organization (WTO). It explains the pattern of these trajectories, then approaches these tasks in a series of steps. The chapter first conceptualizes the policy options available to the Chinese government in responding to WTO entry in terms of three competing state strategies. It then disaggregates the “black box” of the Chinese state into its component leadership and governmental actors in charge of economic policymaking and lays out their differential political interests vis-à-vis WTO entry. The chapter also gathers an original data set of industry regulations issued by all the various arms of the Chinese state at different levels of authority. Ultimately, the chapter applies automated textual analysis to the corpus of documents, thereby uncovering different approaches to economic governance latent in the bureaucratic language deployed by Chinese substate actors. It ultimately argues that different economic stakeholders within the state in fact responded to WTO entry with a variety of divergent policies.

Steamboat, Billy Batson’s friend and valet, was a stereotypical African American character who appeared in Fawcett’s comic books until 1945, when a group of New York City middle school students visited Captain Marvel editor Will Lieberson. Those students, all part of a program called Youthbuilders, Inc., successfully argued for the character’s removal. Drawing on the work of Ralph Ellison, Toni Morrison, and George Yancy, this chapter studies the character and his similarities to other racial caricatures in U. S. popular culture of the era. It also provides a short history of the Youthbuilders, an organization created by social worker Sabra Holbrook. The chapter concludes with a discussion of Alan Moore’s Evelyn Cream, a black character who appears in the 1980s series Miracleman. Although not directly based on Steamboat, Moore’s character was an attempt to address racial stereotypes in superhero comic books, figures that have their origins in the narratives of the 1930s and 1940s.

Abstract In an effort to alleviate severe injection well plugging at Prudhoe Bay, formaldehyde treatment of the Flow Station 2 produced water was initiated in early 1991 and continued through mid 1995 when the program was terminated. Formaldehyde was selected because of its biocidal properties and cost. The results of these treatments are discussed in terms of the overall effect of formaldehyde on the system. Other events that impacted produced water quality at the facility, and subsequently the results of the formaldehyde program, are also discussed. Introduction The Prudhoe Bay Field is jointly operated by Arco Alaska, Inc. and British Petroleum Exploration on behalf of the Prudhoe Bay co-owners. ARCO is operator of the EOA (eastern operating area) which consists of three oil, water, and gas separation facilities termed Flow Stations. The Flow Station 2 facility handles fluids and gas produced from the eastern most area of the field and production is waterflood dominated. The source water for the Prudhoe Bay waterflood was initially seawater. However, as breakthrough occurred, produced water was re injected as part of the flood with a corresponding decrease in seawater. In 1990, additional produced water handling equipment was added at Flow Station 2 in order to treat the expected 700 KBWD peak water production anticipated before the end of flood life. The new treating equipment is set up to allow the separated produced water from the slug catchers and chem-electric treaters to gravity feed into an 18 Kbbl cone bottom tank (81 tank) with sand jet capabilities. The produced water stream exiting this tank is then split and the fluid enters two 12 Kbbl tanks (82 & 83 tanks) designed for free oil removal by gravity segregation. From these tanks, the fluid stream is recombined and fed into a header. The header feeds the produced water stream into four rotor type dispersed gas flotation cells (GFCs). The water from the flotation cells is directed through a series of pumps and ultimately to the produced water distribution piping for re-injection into the formation as part of the waterflood. Concurrent with the startup of the new treating facilities, there appeared a sharp increase in the volume and severity of a black amorphous solid material in the produced water system and reports of "black water" caused by iron sulfide. This material collected in the facility and in the injection wellbores creating numerous problems with severe oil carryover, level controllers, pump strainers and seals, and routine well work. The buildup in the wellbores became so severe that it was virtually impossible to run any type of tool into an injection well without first cleaning out the wellbore.