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1
Federici, Antonio, et Marco Zappa. « Sistema informativo screening : la genesi della conoscenza come elemento di sistema ». RIV Rassegna Italiana di Valutazione, no 50 (décembre 2012) : 55–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/riv2011-050005.
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L'articolo descrive le principali caratteristiche del Sistema Informativo (SIS) dei programmi di screening oncologico in Italia(PS). Il SIS č organizzato per rispondere al bisogno conoscitivo di valutare la qualitŕ dei PS e la loro effectiveness. Tale bisogno si declina differentemente a seconda dell'interlocutore che, in effetti, puň esprimere un interesse informativo con prioritŕ diverse. Sono state nel tempo studiate e selezionate diverse variabili, sulla base delle loro caratteristiche di qualitŕ informativa, che vengono raccolte annualmente in survey nazionali. La fonte dei dati sono i sistemi gestionali dei PS Il SIS permette di produrre numerosi indicatori che derivano dalle Linee Guida Europee e che rispondono alle seguenti necessitŕ di monitoraggio e valutazione: - un PS č un percorso e non l'esecuzione di un test e dunque bisogna misurare la qualitŕ del percorso oltre che la singola prestazione; - un PS č rivolto a una popolazione asintomatica e quindi deve tenere conto della sensibilitŕ (capacitŕ di individuare i portatori della lesione di interesse) ma anche della specificitŕ (capacitŕ di individuare e dunque non esaminare ulteriormente e soprattutto non trattare chi non č portatore della lesione di interesse). Per queste ragioni viene misurato (per esempio) sia il tasso di identificazione, sia la percentuale di richiamo ad approfondimento o il VPP; - descrivere la qualitŕ organizzativa del programma. La valutazione č compiuta mediante standard di riferimento, nella massima parte dei casi adottati dalle Linee guida Europee, secondo un'ottica di benchmark inter- e intraregionale. I risultati della valutazione sono utilizzati, mediante specifiche forme di reporting, in modo sistematico ai livelli: regionale/aziendale; di governancenazionale; internazionale (evidence generation); di societŕ civile. La survey non č un sistema statico di raccolta e viene revisionato sulla base dello sviluppo delle conoscenze. Sulla base del Piano Nazionale della Prevenzione 2010-12, il SIS entrerŕ a far parte del nuovo sistema sanitario nazionale basato su un datawarehouse nazionale di dati individuali. L'intera esperienza dei PS in Italia si candida ad essere un prototipo di una governance innovativa nel panorama di devoluzione del sistema sanitario, contribuendo a identificare strumenti nuovi e a costruire una conoscenza piů approfondita del modello di governance. In questo quadro il sistema informativo/di valutazione č un esempio di sistema costruito in modo partecipato da esperti ed operatori, orientato alla valutazione della distanza osservato-atteso del beneficio di salute ottenibile con la prevenzione secondaria in oncologia.
2
Skotarczak, E., P. Ćwiertnia et T. Szwaczkowski. « Pedigree structure of American bison (Bison bison) population ». Czech Journal of Animal Science 63, No. 12 (4 décembre 2018) : 507–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/120/2017-cjas.
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An effective realization of breeding programs in zoos is strongly determined by completeness of animal pedigree information. The knowledge of pedigree structure allows to maintain optimal genetic variability of a given population. The aim of this study was to estimate the parameters describing the pedigree structure of American bison housed in zoos in the context of further management of the population. Finally, 4269 American bison were analysed (1883 males, 2217 females, and 169 with unknown sex). The registered animals were born between years 1874 and 2013. The following pedigree parameters were estimated: number of fully traced generations, number of complete generations equivalent, index of pedigree completeness, individual inbreeding coefficients, increase of inbreeding for each individual, effective population size, and genetic diversity. The maximum number of fully traced generations was 3 (the mean value is 0.693). The mean inbreeding coefficient for the population studied was 3.26%, whereas individual increase in inbreeding ranged from 0 to 25.12%. Although the pedigree parameters (including the inbreeding level) in the American bison obtained in the present study seem to be acceptable (from the perspective of other wild animal populations), they can be over/underestimated due to incomplete pedigree.
3
Buono, Mario, et Rosa Maria Giusto. « La ri-scrittura del patrimonio culturale nell’Era digitale ». Boletín de Arte, no 41 (5 novembre 2020) : 279–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.24310/bolarte.2020.v41i.8617.
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Il valore di una “mediazione” narrativa consapevole, integrata e potenziata dall’uso di strumenti digitali, diviene sempre più elemento centrale nelle politiche di valorizzazione e riconoscimento del patrimonio culturale dal momento che esso «non parla da solo» (2010: 45) ma ha bisogno di professionalità e strumenti informativi sempre più flessibili e aggiornati che lo disvelino e ne raccontino il significato più profondo. Il contributo affronta le nuove modalità di interazione e fruizione del patrimonio culturale tra discipline tecnologiche e scientifiche e discipline umanistiche.
4
Motta, R., M. Marchetti et G. Vacchiano. « Climate and environmental politics needs to be supported by accurate information and communication. What is the role of the scientific community ? » Forest@ - Rivista di Selvicoltura ed Ecologia Forestale 17, no 1 (29 février 2020) : 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3832/efor3348-017.
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Janz, J. A. M., J. L. Aalhus et M. A. Price. « Fibre type characteristics and postmortem glycolysis of bison (Bison bison bison) Longissimus lumborum ». Canadian Journal of Animal Science 82, no 2 (1 juin 2002) : 259–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a00-114.
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To augment the limited information base, muscle fibre and postmortem glycolytic data from bison longissimus lumborum were compiled. As expected, postmortem glycogen concentration and pH declined while lactate concentration increased. Bison muscle fibres had a greater area, with a greater percentage of fast oxidative glycolytic fibres, and a lesser percentage of fast glycolytic fibres as compared to literature values for beef. Key words: Bison, muscle fibre type, glycogen, lactate
6
Jung, Thomas S., Ryan Drummond et N. Jane Harms. « Bison (Bison bison) activity fragments subnivean tunnels of small mammals ». Canadian Field-Naturalist 134, no 2 (21 septembre 2020) : 161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v134i2.2433.
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Ecological interactions between ungulates and small mammals are generally not well understood. Here, we report an observation of unusually extensive small mammal (likely Meadow Vole [Microtus pennsylvanicus] or Tundra Vole [Microtus oeconomus]) tracks above the snow, exiting from trails and bed sites created by Bison (Bison bison) in northern Canada. We believe that weather and snow conditions were optimal for this observation. Although alteration of above-snow activity of small mammals in response to snow compaction by ungulates is probably not a rare event, it is not often reported. The effect on voles of exiting their subnivean tunnels as a result of Bison activity is unclear, but may be detrimental to their overwinter survival. Ungulate activity compacts snow, fragmenting small mammal tunnels resulting in loss of their insulative value for voles, and making it harder for them to dig new tunnels. Clearly, determining the effect of snow disturbance by gregarious ungulates on voles or other microtines, particularly regarding their overwinter survival, requires detailed investigation. Nevertheless, this observation provides new information on the ecological interactions between ungulates and small mammals, particularly from the boreal forest, where such information is largely lacking.
7
Fortin, Daniel. « Searching behavior and use of sampling information by free-ranging bison (Bos bison) ». Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 54, no 2 (27 mars 2003) : 194–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00265-003-0599-y.
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Wojciechowska, Marlena, Karol Puchała, Zuzanna Nowak-Życzyńska, Magdalena Perlińska-Teresiak, Marta Kloch, Wioleta Drobik-Czwarno et Wanda Olech. « From Wisent to the Lab and Back Again—A Complex SNP Set for Population Management as an Effective Tool in European Bison Conservation ». Diversity 15, no 1 (14 janvier 2023) : 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d15010116.
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Proper management and genetic monitoring of the modern European bison (Bison bonasus) population is one of the most important responsibilities for this species’ conservation. Up-to-date, complex genetic analysis performed using a consistent molecular method is needed for population management as a tool to further validate and maintain the genetic diversity of the species. The identification of the genetic line when pedigree data are missing, as well as the identification of parentage and individuals, are crucial for this purpose. The aim of our research was to create a small but informative panel of SNP (single-nucleotide polymorphism) markers that can be used for routine genotyping of the European bison at low cost. In our study, we used a custom-designed microarray to genotype a large number of European bison, totaling 455 samples from two genetic lines. The results of this analysis allowed us to select highly informative markers. In this paper, we present an effective single nucleotide polymorphism set, divided into separate panels to perform genetic analyses of European bison, which is needed for population monitoring and management. We proposed a total of 20 SNPs to detect hybridization with Bos taurus and Bison bison, a panel of 50 SNPs for individuals and parentage identification, as well as a panel of 30 SNPs for assessing membership of the genetic line. These panels can be used together or independently depending on the research goal and can be applied using various methods.
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Levaggi, Rosella. « The History of Intergovernmental Grants in Britain : a New Perspective in an Asymmetry of Information Framework* ». Journal of Public Finance and Public Choice 12, no 2 (1 octobre 1994) : 171–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/251569298x15668907539950.
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Abstract L’asimmetria informativa è l’elemento caratteristico della relazione tra governo centrale e governi locali. Da un lato, l’esistenza dei governi locali si giustifica per il loro maggior grado di conoscenza circa le preferenze ed i bisogni locali. Dall’altro lato, quando si deve organizzare l’allocazione delle risorse sul piano nazionale attraverso un sistema di trasferimenti, queste informazioni dovrebbero essere conosciute a livello di governo centrale.In questo scritto si presenta la storia recente dei trasferimenti alle autorità locali in Gran Bretagna per mostrare un esempio pratico del modo in cui il governo centrale ha tentato di risolvere il problema.Dapprima il governo centrale ha ritenuto di conoscere tutti i parametri necessari per stabilire un sistema ottimale di trasferimenti. In una seconda fase, esso ha compreso la natura dei problemi derivanti dal fatto che le autorità locali disponevano di informazioni migliori. Il controllo della spesa è divenuto il principale obiettivo del governo e le riforme introdotte nel sistema dei trasferimenti riflettono quest’obiettivo.
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Lord, Cathlin M., Kylie P. Wirebach, Jennifer Tompkins, Casey Bradshaw-Wilson et Christopher L. Shaffer. « Reintroduction of the European bison (Bison bonasus) in central-eastern Europe : a case study ». International Journal of Geographical Information Science 34, no 8 (10 octobre 2019) : 1628–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2019.1672876.
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Johnson, Jay K., Susan L. Scott, James R. Atkinson et Andrea Brewer Shea. « Late Prehistoric/Protohistoric Settlement and Subsistence on the Black Prairie : Buffalo Hunting in Mississippi ». North American Archaeologist 15, no 2 (octobre 1994) : 167–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/qtcx-hv11-dl90-tpa7.
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Recently analyzed faunal collections from two archaeological sites in northeast Mississippi add to the limited amount of information on the distribution and use of bison in the Southeast. Moreover, the presence of bison in this area is one more factor which needs to be considered in any attempt to understand the dramatic changes in settlement and subsistence which mark the late prehistory of northeast Mississippi.
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Izdebska, Joanna N., Leszek Rolbiecki et Wojciech Bielecki. « The First Data on Parasitic Arthropods of the European Bison in the Summer Season with a World Checklist ». Diversity 14, no 2 (22 janvier 2022) : 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14020075.
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The European bison (wisent) Bison bonasus is not only the largest terrestrial mammal in Europe, but also an example of the successful restitution and reintroduction of a species that became extinct in nature at the beginning of the 20th century. Even so, it remains a rare, protected species, and one susceptible to varied threats, including diseases. It has a specific parasitofauna, comprising only a few specific species retained with the last hosts in the restitution process, and some others acquired from other ungulates, or via environmental interactions. The current data on parasitic arthropods originated from the winter season, and less frequently, from autumn and early spring. The present study contains the first information on the occurrence of arthropods in the European bison (n = 6) in the summer season, which is the period of their increased activity. Data on the seasonal and populational dynamics of ectoparasites have been verified; specific parasite species (Demodex bisonianus, Bisonicola sedecimdecembrii, and recently described Demodex bialoviensis) and typical parasite species (Chorioptes bovis, Ixodes ricinus) have been recorded. The data refer to the information from other study periods, summarizing and valorizing data on parasitic arthropods in the form of a global checklist. These arthropods occur in European bison frequently (prevalence reaches up to 100%), but they are present in small numbers, and do not present a burden for the host; only sometimes, with high intensity of infection, they cause parasitoses (chorioptosis, mallohagosis). However, as an effect of regular activity, by penetrating the skin of the host, they create gateways for secondary infections, and hematophagous parasites (e.g., ticks) can be vectors of pathogens that can be hazardous, even at low infection levels. The identification of the parasitological threats faced by European bison is not only important from the standpoint of the study object, i.e., the Białowieża Forest European bison population, from which the existing bison population of Europe has been derived, but also the fact that their transfer to different parts of Europe can entail the additional transfer of their parasites.
13
Sanavio, Ezio. « Una Consensus Conference sulle terapie psicologiche per ansia e depressione ». PSICOTERAPIA E SCIENZE UMANE, no 1 (février 2022) : 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/pu2022-001002.
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È appena terminato il lavoro di una Consensus Conference sulle terapie psicologiche per ansia e depressione rivolta ai pazienti e ai loro famigliari, al mondo dell'istruzione universitaria, alle isti-tuzioni preposte all'aggiornamento professionale, al Sistema Sanitario Nazionale, al mondo della ricerca scientifica e degli enti finanziatori. Gruppi di esperti hanno analizzato la letteratura e steso un'ampia relazione che è stata sottoposta al giudizio di una Giuria, presieduta da Silvio Garattini, composta da esponenti della società civile. Queste sono alcune delle conclusioni: (1) non tutte le terapie sono da considerare di prima scelta, (2) alcune psicoterapie sono cost-effective e più effica-ci dei farmaci, e (3) sono raccomandate dalle più autorevoli Linee-Guida internazionali. Le psico-terapie sono sottoutilizzate nel Sistema Sanitario Nazionale, e i pazienti devono ricorrere al merca-to privato con una discriminazione di censo intollerabile in tema di salute. Spesso vengono utiliz-zati metodi terapeutici di non provata efficacia, e manca una adeguata informazione sui progressi recenti. Vi è bisogno di interventi informativi, formativi, organizzativi e di trasparenza, con impli-cazioni anche deontologiche.
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Bilous, Liudmyla, et M. Riabovil. « Habitat concept in solving the problem of conservation of Bison bonasus in Europe and Ukraine ». Physical Geography and Geomorphology 89, no 1 (2018) : 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/phgg.2018.1.07.
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The principles of the habitat concept of biodiversity protection and features of the organization of the European Nature Information System (EUNIS) are outlined. EUNIS covers a wide range of habitats from natural to artificial, from terrestrial to freshwater and marine. It forms a single classification scheme for the entire European space. The factors that influence on bison (Bison bonasus) existence are determined. According to the classification of the WWF, an overview of such ecoregions as Central European mixed forests, East European forest steppe, Pontic steppe, Carpathian montane forests, Crimean Submediterranean forest complex, Pannonian mixed forests. It was investigated that according to the conditions of the Bison bonasus existence among the listed ecoregions, the most favored on the territory of Ukraine are Central Europeanmixedforests. Habitats of Bison bonasus in Europe, which are included in the ecological network Natura 2000, namely Bieszczady, Puszcza Białowieska, Bukovské vrchy, Laborecká vrchovina, Mirosławiec, Jezioro Lubie i Dolina Drawy, Beskyd, Jezioro Wielki Bytyń, Wolin i Uznam, Ostoja Knyszyńska, Ostoja Borecka, Bukovské vrchy, Puszcza nad Gwdą, Jelonka, are established. Of these, 4 are fully and 3 partially located within the ecoregion Central European mixed forests (in full – Puszcza Białowieska, Ostoja Knyszyńska, Ostoja Borecka, Jelonka; partly - Mirosławiec, Jezioro Lubiei Dolina Drawy, Puszcza nad Gwda).It is substantiated that the conservation of bison as a species depends on the possibility of creating large herds existing in the natural environment, which are characterized by maximum genetic diversity. The minimum number of individuals in the bison stage for residence is set. Geosystems which are actual and potential habitats of Bison bonasus within the Ukrainian part of the Central European mixed forestsecoregion and can be added to the European system of protection of Bison bonasus are identified. A map of potential bison habitats within the Ukrainian part of the Central European mixed forests ecoregion is presented.
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Hill, Andrew, et Anna Kay Behrensmeyer. « Natural Disarticulation and Bison Butchery ». American Antiquity 50, no 1 (janvier 1985) : 141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/280639.
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Information regarding the order of natural disarticulation in a wider variety of ungulate species than previously studied emphasizes the need for caution in claiming that any particular pattern of dismemberment is uniquely distinctive of human activity. However, it also suggests possibly distinctive features of North American Indian butchery practices on prehistoric Bison.
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Mikhailova, Mariya, Ruslan Sheyko, Galina Mоzgova, Anastasiya Astrouskaya, Ekaterina Lagun et Nina Balashenko. « DNA identification of animals to detect food counterfeiting ». Science and Innovations 10, no 212 (octobre 2020) : 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1818-9857-2020-10-40-45.
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The article describes state-of-the-art approaches to the species and breed identification of even-toed ungulates, including the determination of subspecies of the Bovinae subfamily and the belonging of breeds of bovine (Bos taurus) subspecies using breed-specific SNP markers that differentiate the gene pool of meat or dairy cattle; the accredited activity results of the Institute of Genetics and Cytology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus on the species identification of the meat ingredients of animals and poultry in food products and raw material are provided to detect adulterations and prove the quality conformance. The authors demonstrate their own results related to the studies on the COI gene polymorphism of mitochondrial DNA of the European bison (Bison bonasus), the American bison (Bison bison), cattle (Bos taurus taurus). A need for developing of species and breed identification technologies allowing to determine the belonging of an individual to a specific subspecies or breed to obtain information that may be used in forensic science is substantiated. The importance of developing of quantitative PCR techniques for the rigorous calculation of an adulteration content in meat products and differentiation between the deliberately produced fake and the technically inevitable contamination of food raw material arising from technological meat processing is justified.
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Harington, C. Richard. « Vertebrates of the Last Interglaciation in Canada : A Review, with New Data ». Articles 44, no 3 (18 décembre 2007) : 375–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/032837ar.
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ABSTRACT Vertebrate fossils and faunas that are reasonably inferred to be of last (Sangamonian) interglacial age are considered in geographic order from east to west to north in Canada. Data on localities, vertebrate taxa, stratigraphy, geochronology, paleoenvironment and paleoclimate are considered. Information on key faunas from Toronto, Fort Qu'Appelle, Saskatoon. Medicine Hat and Old Crow River is supplemented by data on smaller faunas and, in some cases, individual specimens. New data are included for several localities. Fishes, such as whitefish (Coregonus sp.) and pike (Esox sp.). had broad distributions from eastern to northwestern Canada. Except for a turtle (Emydoidea blandingi) from lnnerkip, Ontario, amphibians and reptiles have not yet been reported from Canada during the Sangamon Interglaciation. Several species of grouse-like birds (Tetraonidae) are known from western Canada. Among the mammals. American mastodons (Mammut americanum), mammoths (Mammuthus sp.), beavers (Castor canadensis), giant beavers (Castoroides ohioensis), muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus), voles (Microtus sp.). white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), stag moose (Cervalces sp.), bison [perhaps mainly giant bison (Bison latifrons)\ and muskoxen (Ovibovini) were evidently most widespread during the last interglacial interval. The western plains had a characteristic large mammal fauna that included Columbian mammoths (Mammuthus columbi), Scott's horses (Equus scotti), small horses (Equus conversidens), western camels (Camelops hesternus). pronghorns (Antilocapridae), giant bison (Bison latifrons) and helmeted muskoxen (Sy m bos cavifrons).
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Zeigenfuss, Linda, Francis Singer, Michael Rock et Matt Tobler. « A Synthesis of Data, Model-Based Analyses, and Refinements of Possible Management Scenarios for Bison and Elk in the Jackson Valley ». UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 24 (1 janvier 2000) : 98–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.2000.3427.
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The elk and bison winter ranges in the Jackson Valley lie on a land complex consisting of Grand Teton NP (GTNP), National Elk Refuge (NER), town of Jackson, private ranches, and private housing developments. To reduce conflicts on these private lands, elk and bison are artificially fed alfalfa pellets at several feedgrounds located on the National Elk Refuge, the Gros Ventre Valley (Bridger-Teton NF), and south of the town. The concentrations of elk may be altering vegetation communities, especially riparian willow, aspen, buffaloberry, and other woody shrubs near the feedgrounds. Managers are concerned about these possible alterations. Human developments, human alterations, artificial feeding and high incidence of brucellosis in elk and bison complicate management of free-ranging ungulates in Grand Teton NP and the Jackson Valley. Managers need additional information on predicted land use changes, feeding scenarios, and ungulate-disease relations in the Jackson Valley to guide their management decisions.
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Frank, Douglas, et S. McNaughton. « Interactive Ecology of Plants and Large Mammal Herbivores in the Northern Range of Yellowstone National Park ». UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 11 (1 janvier 1987) : 165–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.1987.2659.
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The number of elk and bison that should occupy Yellowstones northern range is strictly a value decision that rests in the hands of park management and, ultimately, public opinion, and is beyond the scope of this study. The objective here is to place elk and bison herbivory in the northern range in an ecosystem context, so that their affect can be understood in a mechanistic fashion. Specifically, we will address their influence on energy and nutrient flows in the system. With this information, park managers will be able to weigh management alternatives in an ecosystem process framework.
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Paaren, Kyle M., Nancy Lybeck, Kun Mo, Pavel Medvedev et Douglas Porter. « Cladding Profilometry Analysis of Experimental Breeder Reactor-II Metallic Fuel Pins with HT9, D9, and SS316 Cladding ». Energies 14, no 2 (19 janvier 2021) : 515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14020515.
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BISON finite element method fuel performance simulations were conducted using an existing automated process that couples the Fuels Irradiation & Physics Database (FIPD) and the Integral Fast Reactor Materials Information System database by writing input files and comparing the BISON output to post-irradiation fuel pin profilometry measurements contained within the databases. The importance of this work is to demonstrate the ability to benchmark fuel performance metallic fuel models within BISON using Experimental Breeder Reactor-II fuel pin data for a number of similar pins, while building off previous modeling efforts. Changes to the generic BISON input file include implementing pin specific axial power and flux profiles, pin specific fluences, frictional contact, and irradiation-induced volumetric swelling models for cladding. A statistical analysis of irradiation-induced volumetric swelling models for HT9, D9, and SS316 was performed for experiments X421/X421A, X441/X441A, and X486. Between these three experiments, there were 174 post-irradiation examination (PIE) profilometries used for validating the swelling models presented using a standard error of the estimate (SEE) method. Implementation of the volumetric swelling models for D9 and SS316 claddings was found to have a significant impact on the BISON profilometry simulated, where HT9 clad pins had an insignificant change due to low fluence values. BISON profilometry simulated for HT9, D9, and SS316 fuel pins agreed with PIE profilometry measurements, with assembly SEE values being 4.4 × 10−3 for X421A, 2.0 × 10−3 for X441A, and 2.8 × 10−3 for X486. D9 clad pins in X421/X421A had the highest SEE values, which is due to the BISON simulated profilometry being shifted axially. While this work accomplished its purpose to demonstrate the modeling of multiple fuel pins from the databases to help validate models, the results suggest that the continued development of metallic fuel models is necessary for qualifying new metallic fuel systems to better capture some physical performance phenomena, such as the hot pressing of U-Pu-Zr and the fuel cladding chemical interaction.
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ROWLAND, STEPHEN M., TERRY L. WHITWORTH, MICHELE JONES, JOHN DOOLEY, ERIC CHAMEROY et THOMAS GORDON. « THE BISON AND THE BLOW FLY : USING PUPARIA OF THE BLACK BLOW FLY (PHORMIA REGINA : DIPTERA, CALLIPHORIDAE) TO CONSTRAIN THE SEASON OF DEATH AND TAPHONOMIC HISTORY OF AN EARLY HISTORIC-AGE BISON, CARSON CITY, NEVADA, USA ». PALAIOS 38, no 1 (27 janvier 2023) : 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/palo.2021.039.
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ABSTRACT We report the occurrence of abundant dipteran puparia of Phormia regina, the black blow fly, in association with an early historic-age bison skeleton excavated near Carson City, Nevada. Cut marks on some of the bones indicate that the bison was butchered and probably skinned by humans. Radiocarbon dating provides two possible age intervals for the death of the bison: (1) latest seventeenth to early eighteenth century or (2) early nineteenth to early twentieth century; we consider the more recent age to be more plausible. The purpose of this study is to explore how the presence of puparia of this well-studied, necrophagous fly species can be used to help constrain the season of death and inform the interpretation of the taphonomic history of the bison. The life cycle of P. regina requires a minimum of 8.8 days within a temperature range of 14°C to 35°C, so the bison carcass must have been exposed to the air for at least that long within that temperature range. However, of the thousands of recovered puparia, 35% remain closed and did not produce adult flies; of this cohort, only a tiny percentage exhibit small exit holes attributable to parasitoid wasps. Cold temperatures, and not parasitoid wasps, are the most probable cause of the high pupal mortality. Climate data for the region, along with P. regina temperature constraints and streamflow and flooding records for the Carson River watershed, indicate that the bison died and was colonized by black blow flies in the spring, when night-time temperatures were low. A short time later the skinned and butchered skeleton was buried by floodplain sediments. Blow fly puparia can contribute useful information for the taphonomic analysis of vertebrate fossil sites.
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Vrentas, Catherine E., Paola M. Boggiatto, Steven C. Olsen, Stephen H. Leppla et Mahtab Moayeri. « Characterization of the NLRP1 inflammasome response in bovine species ». Innate Immunity 26, no 4 (11 novembre 2019) : 301–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753425919886649.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Inflammasomes act as sensors of infection or damage to initiate immune responses. While extensively studied in rodents, understanding of livestock inflammasomes is limited. The NLRP1 inflammasome sensor in rodents is activated by Toxoplasma gondii, Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin (LT), and potentially other zoonotic pathogens. LT activates NLRP1 by N-terminal proteolysis, inducing macrophage pyroptosis and a pro-inflammatory cytokine response. In contrast, NLRP1 in macrophages from humans and certain rodent strains is resistant to LT cleavage, and pyroptosis is not induced. Evolution of NLRP1 sequences towards those leading to pyroptosis is of interest in understanding innate immune responses in different hosts. We characterized NLRP1 in cattle ( Bos taurus) and American bison ( Bison bison). Bovine NLRP1 is not cleaved by LT, and cattle and bison macrophages do not undergo toxin-induced pyroptosis. Additionally, we found a predicted Nlrp1 splicing isoform in cattle macrophages lacking the N-terminal domain. Resistance to LT in bovine and human NLRP1 correlates with evolutionary sequence similarity to rodents. Consistent with LT-resistant rodents, bovine macrophages undergo a slower non-pyroptotic death in the presence of LPS and LT. Overall, our findings support the model that NLRP1 activation by LT requires N-terminal cleavage, and provide novel information on mechanisms underlying immune response diversity.
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Smith, Michael, et Jerrold Dodd. « Effects of Domestic Livestock and Wildlife Grazing in Grand Teton National Park ». UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 14 (1 janvier 1990) : 103–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.1990.2899.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Snake River plains and foothill areas of Jackson Hole have been grazed by domestic livestock since settlement of the area. Wildlife populations, including elk (Cervus elaphus), buffalo (Bison bison), mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), and antelope (Antilocapra americana) have historically used the area. Moose (Alces alces) are currently relatively abundant. Currently, livestock continue to use part of the area contained in Grand Teton National Park either as a concession or due to authorization by Park enabling legislation. Large grazing wildlife also inhabit the Park area. Park managers need information concerning the effects of grazing by large ungulates on vegetation resources, to achieve desired plant community goals by effectively managing grazing.
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Fortin, Daniel, Jerod A. Merkle, Marie Sigaud, Seth G. Cherry, Sabrina Plante, Amélie Drolet et Myriam Labrecque. « Temporal dynamics in the foraging decisions of large herbivores ». Animal Production Science 55, no 3 (2015) : 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an14428.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The foraging decisions involved in acquiring a meal can have an impact on an animal’s spatial distribution, as well as affect other animal species and plant communities. Thus, understanding how the foraging process varies over space and time has broad ecological implications, and optimal foraging theory can be used to identify key factors controlling foraging decisions. Optimality models are based on currencies, options and constraints. Using examples from research on free-ranging bison (Bison bison), we show how variations in these model elements can yield strong spatio-temporal variation in expected foraging decisions. First, we present a simple optimal foraging model to investigate the temporal scale of foraging decisions. On the basis of this model, we identify the foraging currency and demonstrate that such a simple model can be successful at predicting animal distribution across ecosystems. We then modify the model by changing (1) the forager’s option, from the selection of individual plants to the selection of food bites that may include more than one plant species, (2) its constraints, from being omniscient to having incomplete information of resource quality and distribution and (3) its currency, from the maximisation of energy intake rate (E) to the maximisation of the ratio between E and mortality risk (u).We also show that, where the maximisation of E fails, the maximisation of E/u can explain the circadian rhythm in the diet and movements of bison. Simple optimal foraging-theory models thus can explain changes in dietary choice of bison within a foraging patch and during the course of a day.
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Lenzi, Javier, Christopher J. Felege, Robert Newman, Blake McCann et Susan N. Ellis-Felege. « Feral Horses and Bison at Theodore Roosevelt National Park (North Dakota, United States) Exhibit Shifts in Behaviors during Drone Flights ». Drones 6, no 6 (25 mai 2022) : 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones6060136.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Drone use has been rapidly increasing in protected areas in North America, and potential impacts on terrestrial megafauna have been largely unstudied. We evaluated behavioral responses to drones on two terrestrial charismatic species, feral horse (Equus caballus) and bison (Bison bison), at Theodore Roosevelt National Park (North Dakota, United States) in 2018. Using a Trimble UX5 fixed-wing drone, we performed two flights at 120 m above ground level (AGL), one for each species, and recorded video footage of their behaviors prior to, during, and after the flight. Video footage was analyzed in periods of 10 s intervals, and the occurrence of a behavior was modeled in relation to the phase of the flights (prior, during, and after). Both species displayed behavioral responses to the presence of the fixed-wing drone. Horses increased feeding (p-value < 0.05), traveling (p-value < 0.05), and vigilance (p-value < 0.05) behaviors, and decreased resting (p-value < 0.05) and grooming (p-value < 0.05). Bison increased feeding (p-value < 0.05) and traveling (p-value < 0.05) and decreased resting (p-value < 0.05) and grooming (p-value < 0.05). Neither species displayed escape behaviors. Flying at 120 m AGL, the drone might have been perceived as low risk, which could possibly explain the absence of escape behaviors in both species. While we did not test physiological responses, our behavioral observations suggest that drone flights at the altitude we tested did not elicit escape responses, which have been observed in ground surveys or traditional low-level aerial surveys. Our results provide new insights for guidelines about drone use in conservation areas, such as the potential of drones for surveys of feral horses and bison with low levels of disturbance, and we further recommend the development of in situ guidelines in protected areas centered on place-based knowledge, besides existing standardized guidelines.
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Avataneo, Chiara, Giuseppina Ballardini, Caterina Bartolone, Andrea Guala, Caterina Montali, Aida Pironti, Alessandra Simonetto et Federico Signorile. « Accompagnare le coppie all'accoglienza : incontri informativi sui bisogni sanitari dei bambini adottabili in adozione nazionale e internazionale. L'esperienza della Regione Piemonte ». MINORIGIUSTIZIA, no 4 (juillet 2022) : 134–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/mg2021-004015.
Texte intégralRésumé :
L'articolo riferisce di un'esperienza informativa e formativa sperimentata dal 2016 in Piemonte, sotto l'egida della Regione e con la partecipazione di vari attori istituzionali: le équipe adozioni, i Centri regionali di accoglienza sanitaria per i bambini adottati all'estero, il Tribunale per i minorenni. Gli incontri vertono sulle problematiche sanitarie dei bambini adottabili con special needs. La valutazione delle coppie aspiranti all'adozione è positiva e si propone l'esperienza come possibile modello formativo.
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Incerti, Alessia, Flavio Cimorelli, Francesca Fiore, Giada Maslovaric, Federica Rossi et Isabel Fernandez. « Affrontare il trauma per gestire la disabilità : risultati preliminari di un intervento di gruppo per genitori ». QUADERNI DI PSICOTERAPIA COGNITIVA, no 46 (juillet 2020) : 69–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/qpc46-2020oa10162.
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Le famiglie sono messe alla sfida dalla comunicazione della disabilità del proprio bambino. Hanno bisogno di ricreare un nuovo equilibrio per affrontare una difficoltà con un impatto così soverchiante. L'accettazione della disabilità del proprio bambino non è un processo che avviene in automatico. I genitori di bambini con disabilità di grado medio e grave sperimentano alti livelli di stress e di responsabilità, con effetti comparabili a quelli di un evento traumatico. L'Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) permette la riorganizzazione dei ricordi in un modo adattivo e funzionale in accordo ai principi dell'Adaptive Information Processing, riducendo quindi il loro impatto emozionale. L'EMDR promuove un'elaborazione adattiva dell'esperienza traumatica di ricevere una diagnosi e una prognosi negativa riguardante il proprio bambino. Questo lavoro ha lo scopo di indagare l'efficacia di un protocollo di trattamento integrativo di gruppo (EMDR-IGTP). Hanno fatto parte dello studio 39 genitori e il trattamento consisteva in 10 sessioni di gruppo. Sono stati misurati lo stress emozionale, le strategie di coping e la crescita post-traumatica prima del trattamento e tre mesi dopo il termine del progetto, attraverso un confronto tra la media di diverse scale cliniche. Questi risultati preliminari rilevano un miglioramento nei punteggi della Scala della crescita post-traumatica dopo il trattamento. Il lavoro illustrerà il protocollo d'intervento e i risultati
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Kunvar, Sazia, Sylwia Czarnomska, Cino Pertoldi et Małgorzata Tokarska. « In Search of Species-Specific SNPs in a Non-Model Animal (European Bison (Bison bonasus))—Comparison of De Novo and Reference-Based Integrated Pipeline of STACKS Using Genotyping-by-Sequencing (GBS) Data ». Animals 11, no 8 (28 juillet 2021) : 2226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11082226.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The European bison is a non-model organism; thus, most of its genetic and genomic analyses have been performed using cattle-specific resources, such as BovineSNP50 BeadChip or Illumina Bovine 800 K HD Bead Chip. The problem with non-specific tools is the potential loss of evolutionary diversified information (ascertainment bias) and species-specific markers. Here, we have used a genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) approach for genotyping 256 samples from the European bison population in Bialowieza Forest (Poland) and performed an analysis using two integrated pipelines of the STACKS software: one is de novo (without reference genome) and the other is a reference pipeline (with reference genome). Moreover, we used a reference pipeline with two different genomes, i.e., Bos taurus and European bison. Genotyping by sequencing (GBS) is a useful tool for SNP genotyping in non-model organisms due to its cost effectiveness. Our results support GBS with a reference pipeline without PCR duplicates as a powerful approach for studying the population structure and genotyping data of non-model organisms. We found more polymorphic markers in the reference pipeline in comparison to the de novo pipeline. The decreased number of SNPs from the de novo pipeline could be due to the extremely low level of heterozygosity in European bison. It has been confirmed that all the de novo/Bos taurus and Bos taurus reference pipeline obtained SNPs were unique and not included in 800 K BovineHD BeadChip.
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Xiao, Ji Gang, Yun Qing Chen et Zhuo Wei Shen. « Filter-Based Information Selection Mechanism in Publish/Subscribe Middleware ». Advanced Engineering Forum 6-7 (septembre 2012) : 595–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.6-7.595.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Publish/Subscribe middleware is getting more and more attentions for its feature of loose coupling.In some scenarios,Subscribersof a topic need not all the information belonging to that topic, but only those of interest. To fulfill this requirement,some kind of information selection mechanism is needed. In this paper, a filter-based information selection mechanism is proposed, which is compliant with OMG DDS specification. Then it is implemented in a publish/subscribe middleware prototype system.With the mechanism, a publish/subscribe middleware can use the compiler generated by Flex&Bison to compile the filtering rules of the users ,which are conform to SQL-like syntax,and generate the filtering syntax trees.At the subscriber side, when receiving a sample, the middleware substitute the values of the sample into the corresponding positions in the filtering syntax tree. By traversing the tree, the middleware makes the filtering decision. Experiment results reveal that the proposed mechanism is effective.
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Iacolina, Laura, Astrid V. Stronen, Cino Pertoldi, Małgorzata Tokarska, Louise S. Nørgaard, Joaquin Muñoz, Anders Kjærsgaard, Aritz Ruiz-Gonzalez, Stanisław Kamiński et Deirdre C. Purfield. « Novel Graphical Analyses of Runs of Homozygosity among Species and Livestock Breeds ». International Journal of Genomics 2016 (2016) : 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2152847.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Runs of homozygosity (ROH), uninterrupted stretches of homozygous genotypes resulting from parents transmitting identical haplotypes to their offspring, have emerged as informative genome-wide estimates of autozygosity (inbreeding). We used genomic profiles based on 698 K single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from nine breeds of domestic cattle (Bos taurus) and the European bison (Bison bonasus) to investigate how ROH distributions can be compared within and among species. We focused on two length classes: 0.5–15 Mb to investigate ancient events and >15 Mb to address recent events (approximately three generations). For each length class, we chose a few chromosomes with a high number of ROH, calculated the percentage of times a SNP appeared in a ROH, and plotted the results. We selected areas with distinct patterns including regions where (1) all groups revealed an increase or decrease of ROH, (2) bison differed from cattle, (3) one cattle breed or groups of breeds differed (e.g., dairy versus meat cattle). Examination of these regions in the cattle genome showed genes potentially important for natural and human-induced selection, concerning, for example, meat and milk quality, metabolism, growth, and immune function. The comparative methodology presented here permits visual identification of regions of interest for selection, breeding programs, and conservation.
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Elsworth, Y. « The solar interior and BISON observations ». Highlights of Astronomy 10 (1995) : 334–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1539299600011436.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The data taken by the Birmingham Solar Oscillation Network (BISON) forms an interesting link between the twin themes of this session: solar and stellar seismology. Like stellar astronomers, we view the Sun as a star without spatial resolution. There are clearly disadvantages in this, in that we lose information about oscillations which vary rapidly across the Sun. But we are not limited to just the simple radial mode which has l=0; because of Doppler imaging we see modes with a range of l from 0 to 4. Unlike stellar astronomers, our star is near to us and the photon flux is high enough that we need not be limited by photon shot noise. We detect the modes by measuring the integrated surface velocity of the Sun. With long integration times, and for the coherent modes, the smallest amplitudes that we can measure are between 1 and 0.1 cm s−1.
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Geremia, C., P. J. White, J. A. Hoeting, R. L. Wallen, F. G. R. Watson, D. Blanton et N. T. Hobbs. « Integrating population- and individual-level information in a movement model of Yellowstone bison ». Ecological Applications 24, no 2 (mars 2014) : 346–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/13-0137.1.
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Byerly, Ryan M., Judith R. Cooper, David J. Meltzer, Matthew E. Hill et Jason M. LaBelle. « A Further Assessment of Paleoindian Site-Use at Bonfire Shelter ». American Antiquity 72, no 2 (avril 2007) : 373–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40035821.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In Byerly et al. (2005) we explored the hypothesis that the Paleoindian component at Bonfire Shelter was the result of a jump kill. Our efforts involved extensive mapping and GIS analysis, a re-examination of the Paleoindian-age bison assemblage, and consideration of the geomorphic history of the canyon in which the site is located. We concluded that the preponderance of evidence indicated the Paleoindian-age bison remains at Bonfire Shelter marked a processing site as Binford (1978) suggested, rather than a primary kill locality as originally interpreted (Dibble 1968). Bement (this issue) raises several concerns about our analysis and discussion, including that we omit pertinent information relevant to the interpretation of the site. His comments, however, result from a misreading of our discussion and a misconstrual of the data set, as we explain in this response.
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Masserdotti, Elisa, Silvia Tessarin, Maria Sofia Palmas, Margherita Capretti, Emanuela Beretta, Enrico Sartori et Rita Simonetti. « Esperienza preliminare finalizzata all'individuazione del disagio psicologico perinatale in donne a rischio ostetrico ricoverate nel reparto di Ostetricia ». PSICOLOGIA DELLA SALUTE, no 3 (octobre 2022) : 137–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/pds2022-003011.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Con la presente esperienza preliminare si è cercato di verificare se l'introduzione dello screening della salute mentale all'interno dell'attività di routine del reparto di Ostetricia Ostetricia degli Spedali Civili di Brescia si riveli efficace ad intercettare il disagio psicologico delle donne ricoverate con patologia ostetrica e prevenire esiti psicopatologici, al fine di garantire supporto adeguato a tutte le donne che ne manifestino il bisogno. Sono state intercettate, nell'arco di 6 mesi nel 2019, 91 donne, 87 delle quali hanno aderito allo screening. È stata messa a punto la seguente Procedura Operativa: individuazione delle pazienti con gravidanza patologica che rispondano ai criteri di inclusione del campione; presentazione del Servizio di Psicologia dell'Area Ostetrica e consegna della brochure informativa con i riferimenti e i con-tatti della Psicologa Strutturata; compilazione del consenso informato; compilazione della scheda anamnestica; primo livello di screening della salute mentale attraverso il Questionario auto-somministrato General Health Questionnaire GHQ-12. Nel caso di esito positivo per il secondo livello di assessment è stato proposto un colloquio clinico di approfondimento, la somministrazione dei test Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) e General Anxiety Disor-der-7 (GAD-7) e la Scheda dei Fattori di Rischio (PDPI modificato). Nel caso di esito negati-vo è stata comunque garantita la possibilità di un colloquio clinico su richiesta, infine viene presentato un caso clinico emblematico dell'opportunità offerta dallo screening della salute psi-cologica perinatale ospedaliero di intercettare precocemente il disagio della donna e di favorire l'accesso alle cure psicologiche.
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Sirocchi, Simone. « A Lost Confraternity : San Rocco in Modena and its Church ». Confraternitas 29, no 2 (13 février 2019) : 22–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/confrat.v29i2.32298.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This article retraces the history of the Confraternita di San Rocco (Confraternity of St. Roch) in Modena from its foundation in the late fifteenth century to its abolition in the eighteenth century. Thanks to newly examined archival documents, the article details the building and decorative work supported by the confraternity for the construction and decoration of the oratory. The result is a varied picture of the craftsmen responsible for the work, which was carried out by minor, lesser-known artists such as the foremen Paolo Bisogni and Giovanni Battista Biavardi. The confraternity’s scarce resources were constantly invested in structural interventions on the walls, which were periodically threatened by water from the underlying canal. Nevertheless, the documents also reveal the members’ commitment to decorating the interior. The three altars completed between the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries involved stuccoists such as Sebastiano Caula and Giovanni Antonio Franchini, as well as artists Marco Antonio Mazzarini, Flaminio Veratti and the more famous Giulio Secchiari and Sigismondo Caula, who created two monumental altarpieces. This article provides some new information about the patrons and their respective chronology.
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ЧЕМЕЗОВ, А. В., et Р. Р. НОГОВИЦЫН. « The economic future of wood bison : risks in the present, a study of foreign experience ». Vestnik of North-Eastern Federal University. Series "Economics. Sociology. Culturology", no 2(22) (5 décembre 2021) : 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.25587/svfu.2021.22.2.013.
Texte intégralRésumé :
В данной статье рассмотрен опыт зарубежных стран и региональный опыт в реинтродукции и использовании бизонов в экономике, определены основные риски для будущего включения бизонов в мясное животноводство. В качестве материалов для статьи были изучены научные статьи российских биологов, зарубежных экономистов и биологов, отчётная документация по отраслям и отдельным регионам, информационные материалы различных ассоциаций по разведению бизонов, новостные статьи и пресс-релизы органов власти. В статье рассмотрена возможность и перспективы повторения зарубежного опыта и оценены риски с учетом региональной специфики. Опыт стран Северной Америки по восстановлению численности и экономическому разведению степного бизона, родственного подвида/экотипа бизона, демонстрирует перспективность разведения бизонов как альтернативы крупному рогатому скоту. При этом большая устойчивость к климатическим условиям, присущим республике, наличие схожего опыта животноводства – мясного табунного коневодства, положительные результаты реинтродукции показывают перспективность повторения и дальнейшего развития зарубежного опыта в условиях Республики Саха (Якутия). Но рассмотренный опыт также показал риски и негативные сравнительные черты, требующие рассмотрения и более подробного изучения, для минимизации их влияния в будущем: малая численность, уязвимость к болезням, дикость, природная сила, конкурирующие виды, а также удаленность и отсутствие развитой транспортной сети в регионе. По основным рискам очерчен круг вопросов, решение которых положительно скажется на перспективе введения бизонов в мясное животноводство. В дальнейшем работа по анализу выделенных вопросов позволит глубже рассмотреть перспективу использования бизонов в мясном животноводстве республики, определить сильные и слабые стороны по сравнению с другими видами, сформулировать необходимые меры для минимизации рисков и более эффективной, в долгосрочной перспективе, интеграции в экономику республики. This paper examines the international practices and regional experience in the reintroduction and use of bison in the economy, identifying the main risks for the future integration of bison in livestock industry. Scientific publications of Russian biologists, foreign economists and biologists, industry and regional reports, information papers of various bison associations, news articles and press-releases of state authorities were studied as materials for the paper. The authors consider the possibility and perspectives of replicating foreign experience and estimate the risks, considering the regional context. The North American experience in the recovery and commercial raising of the plains bison, a related subspecies/ecotype of the wood bison, shows the potential of bison breeding as an alternative to cattle. At the same time, high resistance to climatic conditions of the republic, similar experience in horse breeding, positive results of reintroduction, show the potential for replication and further development of foreign experience in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). Studying foreign experience also revealed dangers and negative aspects that require further research in order to minimize their impact in future: small population, vulnerability to diseases, wild nature, natural strength, competing species, as well as regional aspects such as remoteness and the lack of developed infrastructure. On the main risks, a range of issues is outlined, the solution of which will have a positive effect on the prospect of introducing bison into cattle breeding. In the future, the work on the analysis of the highlighted issues will allow a deeper research of using bison in the economy of the republic, determine the strengths and weaknesses in comparison with other species, formulate the necessary measures to minimize risks and more efficient, in the long term, integration into the economy of the republic.
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Matsuoka, Rei, Roman Fudim, Sukkyeong Jung, Chenou Zhang, Andre Bazzone, Yurie Chatzikyriakidou, Carol V. Robinson et al. « Structure, mechanism and lipid-mediated remodeling of the mammalian Na+/H+ exchanger NHA2 ». Nature Structural & ; Molecular Biology 29, no 2 (février 2022) : 108–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41594-022-00738-2.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractThe Na+/H+ exchanger SLC9B2, also known as NHA2, correlates with the long-sought-after Na+/Li+ exchanger linked to the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and essential hypertension in humans. Despite the functional importance of NHA2, structural information and the molecular basis for its ion-exchange mechanism have been lacking. Here we report the cryo-EM structures of bison NHA2 in detergent and in nanodiscs, at 3.0 and 3.5 Å resolution, respectively. The bison NHA2 structure, together with solid-state membrane-based electrophysiology, establishes the molecular basis for electroneutral ion exchange. NHA2 consists of 14 transmembrane (TM) segments, rather than the 13 TMs previously observed in mammalian Na+/H+ exchangers (NHEs) and related bacterial antiporters. The additional N-terminal helix in NHA2 forms a unique homodimer interface with a large intracellular gap between the protomers, which closes in the presence of phosphoinositol lipids. We propose that the additional N-terminal helix has evolved as a lipid-mediated remodeling switch for the regulation of NHA2 activity.
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Simpson, Annie. « Vocabulary challenges with invasive species data sharing ». Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (3 juillet 2018) : e25642. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.25642.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Biodiversity Information Serving our Nation - BISON (bison.usgs.gov) is the U.S. node to the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (gbif.org), containing more than 375 million documented locations for all species in the U.S. It is hosted by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and includes a web site and application programming interface for apps and other websites to use for free. With this massive database one can see not only the 15 million records for nearly 10 thousand non-native species in the U.S. and its territories, but also their relationship to all of the other species in the country as well as their full national range. Leveraging this huge resource and its enterprise level cyberinfrastructure, USGS BISON staff have created a value-added feature by labeling non-native species records, even where contributing datasets have not provided such labels. Based on our ongoing four-year compilation of non-native species scientific names from the literature, specific examples will be shared about the ambiguity and evolution of terms that have been discovered, as they relate to invasiveness, impact, dispersal, and management. The idea of incorporating these terms into an invasive species extension to Darwin Core has been discussed by Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG) working group participants since at least 2005. One roadblock to the implementation of this standard's extension has been the diverse terminology used to describe the characteristics of biological invasions, terminology which has evolved significantly over the past decade.
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Wojciechowska, M., Z. Nowak, A. Gurgul, W. Olech, W. Drobik et T. Szmatoła. « Panel of informative SNP markers for two genetic lines of European bison : Lowland and Lowland–Caucasian ». Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 40, no 1 (2017) : 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32800/abc.2017.40.0017.
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Tabecka-Lonczynska, Anna, Jennifer Mytych, Przemyslaw Solek et Marek Koziorowski. « Autophagy as a consequence of seasonal functions of testis and epididymis in adult male European bison (Bison bonasus, Linnaeus 1758) ». Cell and Tissue Research 379, no 3 (8 novembre 2019) : 613–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00441-019-03111-w.
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Abstract The European bison is still an animal endangered with extinction, so by learning factors that regulate its reproduction, we can contribute to the survival of this species. On the other hand, autophagy is a dynamic, lisosomal, and evolutionary conserved process which is essential for animal cell survival, homeostasis, and differentiation. This process was demonstrated in many species and in many organs; however, information on the metabolic course of autophagy in the male reproductive system in seasonally reproducing species is lacking. Therefore, in this study, we examined for the first time several autophagy-related factors (mTOR, ULK1, Atg13, PI3K, beclin1, beclin2, Atg14, Atg5, Atg16L, LC3) in testicular and epididymal tissues obtained from adult male individuals of the European bison. We compared the level of gene expression, protein synthesis, and localization of autophagy-related factors between June, September, and December (before, during, and after reproductive activity, respectively). We confirmed that the induction of autophagy was at the highest level in the period after reproductive activity, i.e., in December, when a significant increase in the gene and protein expression was observed for the majority of these factors, probably to ensure cellular protection. However, autophagy was also clearly marked in September, during the intense spermatogenesis, and this may indicate a great demand for autophagy-related proteins required for the normal development of reproductive cells. Obtained results seem to confirm that autophagy pathway, as a consequence of seasonal reproduction, may control the normal course of spermatogenesis in the male European bison.
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Kaczmarek-Okrój, Magda, et Wanda Olech. « The Effect of European Bison (Bison bonasus) Translocations on the Persistence and Genetic Diversity of Ex Situ Herds—A Modelling Study ». Diversity 15, no 2 (18 janvier 2023) : 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d15020129.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The conservation of the genetic diversity of the European bison population is carried out mainly in ex situ herds, constituting a functional metapopulation. The breeders have to balance between the available capacity of the reserves and the need to enrich the free and semi-free herds with appropriate individuals. If there are limitations (e.g., financial) in the transfer of individuals, breeders report a problem of surplus individuals. The aim of this study was to estimate the migration parameters in the wisent metapopulation ex situ to maintain genetic diversity in hypothetical herds. The analysis was a two-step process. The first part of this study was carried out between the years 1998 and 2017, based on information from the European Bison Pedigree Book about eight selected herds. The average annual share of exported and imported individuals in the chosen metapopulation were calculated (8.81% (SD: 11.51) and 0.75% (SD: 2.15), respectively). The proportion of males to females among the exported animals was close to 1:1. The sex ratio of imported animals was close to 2:1 (M:F). The majority of transports were exports of animals (92.1%). The share of individuals exported from different age–sex groups was calculated. On this basis, in the second part of the study, the proportion of exported surplus individuals in the smallest hypothetical herd was established as 5.89% of the adult females, or 8.98% of adult males, or 32.70% of females aged 1–3 years. In order to maintain the genetic sustainability of hypothetical herds it is crucial to import individuals (M/F: 1/1; interval: 10 years). The results of this study will provide necessary information to determine the tools of wisent population management in the enclosure.
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Simpson, Annie, et Elizabeth Martín. « Biodiversity Information Serving Our Nation (BISON) now with more than 1/3 billion species occurrences ». Proceedings of TDWG 1 (15 août 2017) : e20285. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/tdwgproceedings.1.20285.
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Chatters, James C., Sarah K. Campbell, Grant D. Smith et Phillip E. Minthorn. « Bison Procurement in the Far West : A 2,100-Year-Old Kill Site on the Columbia Plateau ». American Antiquity 60, no 4 (octobre 1995) : 751–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/282056.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Bison bones are found in Columbia Plateau archaeological sites from throughout the Holocene, yet no information on people's tactics for procuring them has yet been reported. The discovery of the Tsulim Site, a 2,100-year-old bison kill near the Columbia River in central Washington, has provided the opportunity to investigate those tactics. Despite the deteriorated state of the evidence, analysis of stone artifacts, faunal remains, and site geology revealed that at least eight animals were killed in the apex of a parabolic dune during the early to mid-winter by hunters using both atlatl and bow. Local topography and meteorology make it most likely that the herd was encountered in a low paleochannel, driven northward between the limbs of the dune, up the steep channel wall, and into the kill area, a sort of inverted buffalo jump. Results not only illuminate the large-game hunting practices of the Plateau peoples, but also point out how much can be learned from disturbed, low-density scatters of debris that are often dismissed as insignificant.
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Alpa, Guido. « Gli obblighi informativi precontrattuali nei contratti di investimento finanziario. Per l'armonizzazione dei modelli regolatori e per l'uniformazione delle regole di diritto comune ». ECONOMIA E DIRITTO DEL TERZIARIO, no 3 (juin 2010) : 395–421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ed2009-003001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A proposito della violazione di obblighi informativi precontrattuali l'interrogativo che si pongono gli interpreti, nella nostra esperienza ed in altre, ad essa simili o da essa distanti, č se sia possibile qualificare la fattispecie mediante le regole generali del contratto, e far sopravvivere l'orientamento interpretativo che distingue le regole di validitŕ dalle regole di comportamento, essendo le prime dirette - primieramente - ad incidere il vincolo contrattuale, e le seconde - primieramente - a salvare il vincolo comportando perň una responsabilitŕ (precontrattuale, contrattuale, extracontrattuale) a carico della parte inadempiente, oppure se non convenga distinguere fattispecie da fattispecie e, adottando un'ottica funzionale volta alla protezione dell'interesse pubblico e alla protezione dell'interesse del contraente piů debole, scegliere il rimedio piů confacente alla bisogna. Per rispondere all'interrogativo si possono seguire vie diverse. Operare una ricognizione delle disposizioni contenute nei codici e nei repertori della giurisprudenza, nei progetti di legge di riforma dei codici, nei progetti di uniformazione del diritto contrattuale, e poi nelle leggi speciali, sempre in correlazione con le fonti del diritto comunitario. Operare una tripartizione per modelli contrattuali, tenendo conto del ruolo e dello status delle parti, e quindi distinguendo i contratti conclusi tra privati e contratti conclusi tra professionisti (C2C e B2B), i contratti conclusi tra professionisti e consumatori (B2C), i contratti conclusi tra professionisti con maggior potere contrattuale e professionisti piů deboli, esposti dunque all'abuso di dipendenza economica o comunque all' esercizio del un potere preponderante della controparte (B2b). Operare una valutazione degli scopi perseguiti sulla base dell'analisi economica del diritto e delle esigenze del mercato. Nell'ampia letteratura che si č venuta raccogliendo in questi ultimi anni si rinvengono contributi che esplorano una o piů di queste prospettive, che si possono separare per mere esigenze espositive, dal momento che esse sono per lo piů intrecciate tra loro. La linea seguita in queste pagine corrisponde al primo percorso, ma per prospettare uno scenario piů compiuto della problematica anche gli altri due percorsi dovrebbero essere sviluppati, o comunque esser tenuti in considerazione, almeno sullo sfondo.
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Celik, Figen, Sami Simsek, Harun Kaya Kesik et Seyma Gunyakti Kilinc. « A Comprehensive in silico Analysis of mt-CO1 gene of Fasciola hepatica ». Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 73, no 2 (10 juillet 2022) : 4181–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.26881.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This study was conducted for the aim of comprehensive evaluation of the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relations of F. hepatica among various hosts. In this study, published sequences of mt-CO1 gene fragments belonging to final hosts of F. hepatica were used to create the dataset. First of all, 478 sequences were obtained with PubMed search. Then, some shorter sequences were removed after alignment, and 319 sequences which included cattle (n=242), sheep (n=46), goat (n=5), donkey (n=8), bison (n=7), water buffalo (n=7), human (n=2) and camel (n=2) sequences were analysed in the MEGA X program. The existence of 72 haplotype groups was detected. The most polymorphic sites (n=42) containing 31% (13/42) parsimony informative sites were detected in Iranian isolates. The mt-CO1 network consisted of 35 haplotypes, 80% out of which were geographically unique. However, a main haplotype consisting of 39.2% of the total isolates was formed. The bison isolates of F. hepatica showed the highest haplotype diversity within the final host isolates, followed by the sheep, water buffalo, cattle, goat and donkey isolates. The genetic diversity of F. hepatica in different hosts and countries revealed the possibility of new strains appearing in the future.
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Smith, Michael, Jerrold Dodd, Uyapo Omphile et Paul Meiman. « Effects of Domestic Livestock and Native Wildlife Grazing in Grand Teton National Park ». UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 15 (1 janvier 1991) : 165–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.1991.3011.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Snake River plains and foothill areas of Jackson Hole have been grazed by domestic livestock since settlement of the area. Wildlife populations, including elk, mule deer, and antelope have historically used and continue to use the area. Moose are currently relatively abundant and a small herd of bison have been introduced. Currently, livestock continue to use part of the area contained in Grand Teton National Park either as a concession or due to authorization by Park enabling legislation. Park managers need information concerning the effects of grazing by large ungulates on vegetation resources to assist in effectively managing grazing to achieve desired plant community goals.
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Smith, Michael, Jerrold Dodd et Paul Meiman. « Effects of Domestic Livestock and Native Wildlife Grazing in Grand Teton National Park ». UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 16 (1 janvier 1992) : 128–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.1992.3097.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Snake River plains and foothill areas of Jackson Hole have been grazed by domestic livestock since settlement of the area. Wildlife populations, including elk, mule deer, and antelope have historically used and continue to use the area. Moose are currently relatively abundant and a small herd of bison have been introduced. Currently, livestock use part of the area contained in Grand Teton National Park either as a concession or due to authorization by Park enabling legislation. Park managers need information concerning the effects of grazing by large ungulates on vegetation resources to assist in effectively managing grazing to service forage needs and achieve desired plant community goals.
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Smith, Michael, Jerrold Dodd et Paul Meiman. « Effects of Domestic Livestock and Native Wildlife Grazing in Grand Teton National Park ». UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 17 (1 janvier 1993) : 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.1993.3157.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Snake River plains and foothill areas of Jackson Hole have been grazed by domestic livestock since settlement of the area. Wildlife populations, including elk, mule deer, and antelope have historically used and continue to use the area. Moose are currently relatively abundant and a small herd of bison have been introduced. Currently, livestock use part of the area contained in Grand Teton National Park either as a concession or due to authorization by Park enabling legislation. Park managers need information concerning the effects of grazing by large ungulates on vegetation resources to assist in effectively managing grazing to service forage needs and achieve desired plant community goals.
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Oppes, Mario. « Il diritto all’informazione nella Convenzione di Oviedo : implicazioni etiche e deontologiche / The right to be informed in the Oviedo Convention and its ethical implications ». Medicina e Morale 66, no 6 (25 janvier 2018) : 811–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/mem.2017.522.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Il secondo comma dell’articolo 10 della Convenzione di Oviedo sancisce il diritto del paziente ad essere informato sulle sue condizioni di salute. Si tratta di un diritto che non fa parte della tradizione medica e che, sebbene oggi venga considerato scontato, è stato introdotto nella pratica clinica solo in tempi recenti. Anche la deontologia medica lo ha accolto in Italia solo col Codice del 1998. Certamente nell’affermazione di tale diritto ha svolto un ruolo fondamentale la Convenzione di Oviedo. Tuttavia per quanto ormai da tutti accettato, restano dubbi circa la possibilità di garantire, attraverso il suo riconoscimento non solo formale, un effettivo miglioramento della relazione di cura, per il bene del malato. Si tratta quindi di interpretarne correttamente il senso e capire in che misura possa permettere di andare incontro alle aspettative del malato. Attraverso una rapida analisi del contesto culturale che condiziona la percezione della malattia e definisce i bisogni di cura dell’uomo di oggi, si arriva alla conclusione che l’informazione del paziente, correttamente interpretata, può avvicinare l’offerta assistenziale alle aspettative dei malati. Questo è possibile a condizione che venga adottato un nuovo modello di medicina, capace di superare l’attuale approccio riduzionistico e meccanicistico. Si tratta in sostanza di considerare la dimensione etica della informazione che, per poter permettere al paziente di affrontare con dignità le fasi più difficili della malattia, deve intercettare i suoi bisogni più profondi attraverso una forma di comunicazione che non si limiti alla trasmissione dei soli dati tecnici, riconducibili al binomio diagnosi-prognosi. ---------- The second paragraph of Article 10 of the Oviedo Convention establishes the right of the patient to be informed of his/her health condition. This is a right that is not part of the medical tradition and that, although today is considered to be taken, has only recently been introduced into clinical practice. In Italy, this right has only been accepted from medical ethics in 1998 Ethical Code. Certainly, the Oviedo Convention played a key role in the assertion of this right. However, as far as accepted by everyone, there are still doubts about the possibility of ensuring an effective improvement of the care relationship for the sake of the patient, through its not only formal recognition. It is therefore necessary to properly interpret the meaning and to understand how much it will be possible to meet the expectations of the patient. Through a rapid analysis of the cultural context that states the perception of the disease and defines the needs of today’s human being, we conclude that properly interpreted patient information can bring the supply of care, closer to the expectations of the patients. This could be possible only if we adopt a new model of medicine, capable of overcoming the current reductive and mechanistic approach. It is essential to consider the ethical dimension of information that, in order to allow the patient to face with dignity the most difficult stages of the disease, must intercept his deeper needs through a form of communication that is not limited to the transmission of only technical data, referring to the binomial diagnosis-prognosis.
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Marlow, Clayton, Leonard Gagnon, Elena Hovland et Lynn Irby. « Feral Horse Distribution, Habitat Use and Population Dynamics in Theodore Roosevelt National Park ». UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 14 (1 janvier 1990) : 123–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.1990.2907.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Description of the ecological niche feral horses fill in Theodore Roosevelt National Park requires information on reproductive rates, home range size, individual and band affinity to home ranges, food and shelter requirements and seasonal diets. Therefore, the initial objectives will be to: 1. identify the number, size and location of home ranges for harem and bachelor stallion bands; 2. describe daily and seasonal movements of bands within identified home ranges; 3. describe the vegetation habitat types and landform types used by horses for mating, foaling, foraging, and resting cover; 4. describe seasonal horse diets; and 5. collect data on sex, age and social hierarchy within respective bands to facilitate estimation of horse population growth rates. Ultimately, this information will be used to accomplish the project goal; integrate horse requirements with those of elk, bison and the Park's vegetation communities to determine the large ungulate carrying capacity of Theodore Roosevelt National Park.