Articles de revues : « Bipolar PWM »

1

Fathoni, Fathoni. « RANCANG BANGUN PERANGKAT PEMBANGKIT PWM BIPOLAR ». JURNAL ELTEK 16, n^o 1 (21 août 2018) : 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33795/eltek.v16i1.83.

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Electrical power settings, both AC and DC can be done by linear or switching. Controlled loads may be motors, heating elements or incandescent lamps. Generally the efficiency of load power control by way of switching is better than linear way so the way switching is widely used today. Switching also allows for automatic, remote and wireless control In load power management system with microcontroller, PWM generator circuit output is used for control of power switch. The output pulse can be TTL standard or with lower amplitude and on the control of the H bridge circuit required bipolar PWM with additional dead band on each side of the pulse ride. The bipolar PWM generator designed in this study has an output with TTL standard with a dead band circuit and a short circuit protection for VCC = 5 volts and a ground path, Testing with no load and short circuit in low and high output states is as follows. VOL(min) = 0.4 volts, VOH(max) = 4.2 volts. The short circuit of output to high GND is 100 mA and short circuit current to VCC path at low output is 90 mA, The output frequency of bipolar pulses is, 50, 100, 1k, 10k and 20k Hz with 10μs dead band

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Shen, Bin, Peng Kai Ji et Sha Sha Ren. « Combined PWM Motor Control Study and Application in EPS ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 220-223 (novembre 2012) : 473–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.220-223.473.

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The power switch circuit of electrical power steering (EPS) is analyzed. A kind of PWM hybrid control algorithm combining the Unipolar reversible PWM mode of brush DC motors with its bipolar reversible PWM mode is put forward in this paper to improve the performance of current EPS system. The basic switch principle between Unipolar and Bipolar PWM mode is that the voltage during the switch process remains constant. The switch process and practical application of DC motor with Uni-Bipolar hybrid control mode in EPS is analyzed. The results show that PWM hybrid mode has exhibited good performance in vehicle electric power steering system.

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Attia, Hussain, Hang Seng Che, Tan Kheng Suan Freddy et Ahmad Elkhateb. « Bipolar and unipolar schemes for confined band variable switching frequency PWM based inverter ». International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, n^o 5 (1 octobre 2021) : 3763. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i5.pp3763-3771.

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The single phase inverter performance through the unipolar and bipolar strategies has been previously analyzed based on the constant switching frequency pulse width modulation (CSFPWM). However, the confined band variable switching frequency PWM (CB-VSFPWM) is currently proposed as a new variable switching frequency PWM technique through unipolar strategy to facilitate the design of high order filter, to reduce the switching losses, and to reduce the current total harmonics distortion (THD) as well. To evaluate the performance of a single phase inverter based on the CBVSFPWM through bipolar strategy, this paper presents a comparative study of the CB-VSFPWM based inverter performance using the unipolar PWM and the bipolar PWM strategies. The study adopts MATLAB/Simulink to simulate the inverter and to analyze the simulation results in terms of harmonics spectrum, total harmonic distortion (THD), and fundamental components. The analysis of the study results gives an indication about the appropriate type of CB-VSFPWM strategy (unipolar PWM or bipolar PWM) to guarantee the desired performance of the connected inverter in terms of the electrical grid standards like THD, and harmonics spectrum of the inverter current.

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Zhao, Zhi Chao, Tie Feng Wu, Jing Li, Li Min Li, Qie Pan et Jiang Chang. « A Design of Low Temperature Dependence Voltage Reference Circuit for PWM Controller ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 310 (février 2013) : 448–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.310.448.

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In order to provide steady voltage for PWM controller, a design of bipolar voltage reference circuit with high performance is presented. The circuit based on the compensation principle between Zener diode and B-E junction of triode is used in PWM controller and can bring out multi-way steady voltages, moreover, there is a high power supply rejection ratio (PSRR) and low temperature dependence. The results of simulation and test in Candence with bipolar process of HuaYue SB45 show that the temperature coefficient is about 1.2ppm/°C in the temperature range -55~125°C. The line regulation is about 0.4mV/V in 8~30V and the PSRR is 77.54dB. The design of circuit can satisfy the requirements of PWM controller.

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Wang, Xiao Yan, et Jian Ping Liu. « Design of Oscillator for PWM Controller ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 157-158 (février 2012) : 1242–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.157-158.1242.

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An oscillator is designed for PWM controller chip. The resistance Rt and capacitance Ct for oscillator are located outside the chip to adjust the frequency expediently. The circuit is simulated by CADENCE Spectre, and the simulation results show that the frequency of the oscillator is 52.84KHz (at Vcc=15V), voltage stability is 0.4%. The layout is done based on the process flow and layout levels of bipolar 45V process provided by HUAYUE Microelectronics Company. The test results prove that the oscillator present in this paper meets the design requirements.

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Prest, R. B., et J. D. Van Wyk. « Reverse bipolar transistor conduction in high-current PWM inverters ». IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 3, n^o 3 (juillet 1988) : 246–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/63.17942.

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Song, Min-Sup, In-Ho Cho et Jae-Bum Lee. « ± 180° Discontinuous PWM for Single-Phase PWM Converter of High-Speed Railway Propulsion System ». Energies 13, n^o 7 (26 mars 2020) : 1550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13071550.

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As high-capacity alternating current/direct current (ac/dc) power conversion systems, single-phase pulse-width modulation (PWM) converters used in high-speed railway propulsion systems adopt high-voltage Insulated-Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs) as switching elements. Due to their high breakdown voltage characteristics, the switching dynamics are inferior to those of low-voltage IGBTs and switching losses are more dominant than conduction losses despite operating at relatively low switching frequencies of hundreds to several kHz. To solve this problem, this paper proposes ± 180° discontinuous PWM (DPWM) suitable for a single-phase circuit. With the simple addition of offset voltages, the proposed DPWM method can be implemented easily and switching losses can be reduced by half by clamping the switching legs of the H-bridge converter to the positive or negative dc rail during every half cycle. In addition, temperature deviation between the power stacks can be minimized by using selective application of clamping modes. The validity and effectiveness of the proposed DPWM are verified through simulations and experiments of a prototype converter.

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Wang, Pengde, et Xun Lu. « DC Motor Detection and Protection Based On Bipolar PWM Drive ». IOP Conference Series : Earth and Environmental Science 252 (9 juillet 2019) : 032148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/252/3/032148.

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Jiang, Maoh Chin, Huang Kai Fu et Kao Yi Lu. « A Single-Phase Soft-Switching Unipolar PWM Rectifier ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 284-287 (janvier 2013) : 2439–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.284-287.2439.

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This paper proposed a novel single-phase soft-switching unipolar PWM rectifier (SSUPR) using a simple auxiliary resonant unit. All main switches of high-frequency arm operate at zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) turn-on, while the auxiliary switches operate at zero-current-switching (ZCS) turn-off. All main switches of low-frequency arm operate at 60 Hz to greatly reduce switching losses. Moreover, a soft-switching unipolar PWM strategy is used for the proposed soft-switching rectifier. This strategy results in a better input current waveform than for the bipolar PWM strategy. Furthermore, the proposed rectifier achieves a near unity power factor, a sinusoidal input current and a bidirectional power flow capability. Some experimental results of the proposed SSUPR, rated 500 W and operated at 40 kHz, are presented for verification.

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Sena, Gianluca, Roberto Marani, Gennaro Gelao et Anna Gina Perri. « A Comparative Study of Power Semiconductor Devices for Industrial PWM Inverters ». International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 7, n^o 4 (1 décembre 2016) : 1420. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v7.i4.pp1420-1428.

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The growing demand of energy translates into efficiency requirements of energy conversion systems and electric drives. Both these systems are based on Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Inverter. In this paper we firstly present the state of art of the main types of semiconductors devices for Industrial PWM Inverter. In particular we examine the last generations of Silicon Carbide (SiC) MOSFETs and Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs) and we present a comparison between these devices, obtained by SPICE simulations, both for static characteristics at different temperatures and for dynamic ones at different gate resistance, in order to identify the one which makes the PWM inverter more efficient.

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Canacsinh, Hiren, J. Fernando Silva et L. M. Redondo. « PWM Voltage Droop Compensation for Bipolar Solid-State Marx Generator Topologies ». IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 45, n^o 6 (juin 2017) : 975–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tps.2017.2692392.

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Evans, P. D., et L. K. Mestha. « Analysis of conventional snubber circuits for PWM inverters using bipolar transistors ». IEE Proceedings B Electric Power Applications 135, n^o 4 (1988) : 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-b.1988.0021.

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Teng, Chun Mei. « Embedded PWM DC Motor Control Cystem Based on ARM ». Advanced Materials Research 756-759 (septembre 2013) : 411–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.756-759.411.

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This paper introduces an ARM-based embedded PWM DC motor control system. The system uses a variable voltage control; the entire system uses the speed and current closed-loop control structure. The main circuit using the structure of high-power system GTR switching devices and the bipolar H-bridge circuit for the power amplifier circuit, to complete irreversible speed regulation also finished reversible speed regulation. PWM modulation part of the ARM embedded development platform, using the C language programming to control the timer to generate two complementary width adjustable rectangular waves. GTR H circuit is controlled by adjusting the width of the waveform from two ways off time in order to achieve the purpose of speed regulation. It increased the flexibility and accuracy of the system while simplifying the process of generation of the PWM pulse.

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Meenalochani, K., B. Shanthi, C. R.Balamurugan et G. Prem sunder. « Performance analysis on bipolar PWM strategies for single phase quasi-Z-source fed seven level modified cascaded H-bridge inverter with asymmetric switched-inductor cell ». International Journal of Engineering & ; Technology 7, n^o 2.8 (19 mars 2018) : 583. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.8.10525.

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Multilevel inverters are adopted for high power applications due to its lower harmonic distortion and reduced device voltage stress which also permit to use the renewable energy resources effectively. This paper presents performance study of various PWM strategies for single phase Quasi-Z-source fed seven level Modified Cascaded H-Bridge Inverter with asymmetric switched-inductor cell. Simulation using MATLAB-SIMULINK is performed with bipolar multi-carrier PD, APOD, POD PWM techniques with sine wave reference and trapezoidal reference for the chosen Quasi-Z-source modified CHB MLI. This paper suggests notably improved results to yield great boosting in root mean square value of the fundamental component with enriched voltage enhancement techniques along with suitable PWM strategy.

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Xu, Fei, et Le Nian He. « A High Efficiency Step-Up WLED Driver with Wide Range PWM Dimming ». Advanced Materials Research 588-589 (novembre 2012) : 884–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.588-589.884.

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A high efficiency step-up White Light Emitting-diode (WLED) driver with PWM dimming is presented in this paper. An integrated current sensing technique is used to improve system efficiency. Meanwhile, a novel PWM(pulse width modulation) dimming scheme is proposed to achieve wide range dimming frequency, which can be adaptive to dimming frequency from 200Hz to 200 KHz. The proposed driver is designed with CSMC 0.5um 40V bipolar-CMOS-DMOS process. Simulation results verify the functionality of the design and high efficiency is realized, with a peak value of 94.12% at 5.5V-input and 200mA-load.

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Chen, Jin Ping, Yong Feng Ju et Yu Yao He. « Selective Harmonics Elimination for PWM Inverters Using the PSO Optimization Technique ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 135-136 (octobre 2011) : 879–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.135-136.879.

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Harmonic minimization in PWM inverters is a complex optimization problem which involves non-linear transcendental equations having multiple local minima. In this paper, a solution to the harmonic minimization problem using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) has been proposed to solve the SHE problem. It overcomes the complicated computations associated with conventional iterative techniques. As an example, in this paper a bipolar PWM inverter with seven switching angles per quarter cycle with varying modulation index is considered, and the optimum switching angles are calculated offline to eliminate the 5th,7th, 11th,13th,17th and 19th harmonics. The simulated results are also validated by experiment.

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Wu, Tsai-Fu, Chia-Ling Kuo, Kun-Han Sun et Hui-Chung Hsieh. « Combined Unipolar and Bipolar PWM for Current Distortion Improvement During Power Compensation ». IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 29, n^o 4 (avril 2014) : 1702–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2013.2265399.

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Osipov, A. V. « Synthesis of two-frequency current by a parallel-to-series resonant LCLC-converter with multiple pulse-width modulation ». Proceedings of Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics 24, n^o 1 (2021) : 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21293/1818-0442-2021-24-1-75-82.

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The methods to form a two-frequency inductor current in a resonant converter with multiple pulse-width modulation for systems of induction heating of complex surface shape bodies are considered. The study of the methods used to form and to regulate the frequency components of the inductor current is carried out. The approaches to assess the energy efficiency of two frequency converters are proposed and its assessment is carried out for multiple PWM by the values of power factors and overall power. It is shown that the high-frequency harmonic is formed by two components: the one that is generated by multiple modulation and the one contained in the rectangular voltage of low frequency, the latter significantly affects the energy characteristics. The advantages in terms of energy of bipolar PWM over unipolar PWM are shown

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DAHIDAH, MOHAMED S. A. « SELECTIVE HARMONIC ELIMINATION NON-SYMMETRICAL BIPOLAR PULSE WIDTH MODULATION TECHNIQUE : ANALYSIS AND EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION ». Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 19, n^o 03 (mai 2010) : 719–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126610006396.

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Selective harmonic elimination pulse width modulation (SHE-PWM) techniques offer a tight control of the harmonic spectrum of a given voltage waveform generated by a power electronic converter along with a low number of switching transitions. These optimal switching transitions can be calculated through Fourier theory, and for a number of years quarter-wave and half-wave symmetries have been assumed when formulating the problem. It is shown recently that symmetry requirements can be relaxed as a constraint. This changes the way the problem is formulated and different solutions can be found without a compromise. This paper reports solutions to the switching transitions of a bipolar SHE-PWM when both the quarter- and half-wave symmetries are abolished. Selected simulation and experimental results are reported to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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Yasin, M., Faizal Arya Samman et Rhiza S. Sadjad. « Desain dan Analisis Inverter Tiga Fasa untuk Aplikasi Sistem PLTS Terhubung Grid PLN sebagai Referensi ». Jurnal Penelitian Enjiniring 21, n^o 2 (5 janvier 2018) : 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.25042/jpe.112017.10.

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Paper ini memperlihatkan hasil simulasi dan analisis inverter tiga-fasa yang akan digunakan pada sistem pembangkitan listrik tenaga surya, yang berfungsi mengubah sumber arus searah dari panel surya menjadi arus bolak-balik. Dalam simulasi, inverter dimodelkan dan didesain dengan menggunakan tegangan referensi dari jala-jala PLN sebagai acuan untuk membangkitkan sinyal kendali PWM (Pulse Width Modulation). Sinyal PWM ini dikirimkan ke pintu gate dari komponen saklar transistor daya, yang dalam hal ini digunakan IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor). Pengaturan irama penyaklaran akan mengubah sumber tegangan DC (Direct Current) menjadi tegangan AC (Alternating Current). Dengan menggunakan filter pasif LC, maka sinyal keluaran dari inverter dapat diubah menjadi gelombang sinusoidal berfrekuensi 50Hz sebagaimana diharapkan. Output sinyal inverter terhadap PLN memiliki perbedaan fasa sehingga disimulasikan sebuah mekanisme yang dapat mendeteksi beda fasa dan mengatur delay pwm sehingga output inverter dan sefasa dengan PLN. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa tegangan fasa dan beda fasa dari keluaran inverter dapat diatur sesuai dengan tegangan pada fasa grid PLN.

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Yuniahastuti, Irna Tri, et Senoaji. « Design Voltage Controller of Bipolar SPWM Voltage Source Inverter ». Journal of Advanced Technology and Multidiscipline 1, n^o 2 (23 novembre 2022) : 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jatm.v1i2.40170.

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This paper presents single phased VSI (Voltage Source Inverter) type bipolar SPWM. The main purpose of this system is generating a constant sinusoidal output waveform without affected by load (resistive) demand. Its concept is to get reference voltage from PI control and compare it with modulated triangular carrier for controlling inverter’s switches. The system is also represented by a LCL output ﬁlter. The LCL ﬁlter is employed to reduce the high frequency harmonic components in current waveform due to PWM switching and to reduce the output current THD. Simulation result and analysis are bravely presented to verify the effectiveness of proposed approach.

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CIUCUR, VIOLETA-VALI. « ELECTRICAL DRIVE AND CONTROL OF AN ELECTRIC MOTOR STEP BY STEP BY STEP BIPOLAR ». Journal of marine Technology and Environment 2021, n^o 2 (1 octobre 2021) : 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.53464/jmte.02.2021.02.

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"PWM, (Pulse Width Modulation) is the most effective way to control analog circuits using numerical outputs by changing the duration and frequency of the signal. The duration of each state t1 and t2, so the filling factor, where T = t1 + t2 = constant. If only one of the times (t1 or t2) varies, then the Tt period of a cycle varies, so the f = 1 / T frequency varies. The PWM signal is actually a modulated rectangular signal over the duration by modifying the duration of each period t1, t2 of the cycle as well as the change in frequency. The maximum benefit of a stepper motor can only be obtained if it is ordered correctly, this requiring a direct current source, an electronic switch and a controlled pulse generator (numerical information). The frequency of the CLOCK cycle is measured in Hz and the filling factor is measured in percentage (%). The amplitude of the output signal is constant even if the amplitude of signals producing the fill factor varies. "

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Agelidis, V. G., A. Balouktsis et I. Balouktsis. « On Applying a Minimization Technique to the Harmonic Elimination PWM Control : The Bipolar Waveform ». IEEE Power Electronics Letters 2, n^o 2 (juin 2004) : 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpel.2004.831157.

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Agelidis, V. G., A. Balouktsis, I. Balouktsis et C. Cossar. « Multiple sets of solutions for harmonic elimination PWM bipolar waveforms : analysis and experimental verification ». IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 21, n^o 2 (mars 2006) : 415–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2005.869752.

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Balamurugan, Chinnapettai Ramalingam, S. P. Natarajan, T. S. Anandhi et B. Shanthi. « Simulation and dSPACE Based Implementation of Various PWM Strategies for A New H-Type FCMLI Topology ». International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 6, n^o 3 (1 septembre 2015) : 615. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v6.i3.pp615-624.

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Depending on the number of levels in output voltage, inverters can be divided into two categories: two level inverter and Multi Level Inverters (MLIs). An inverter topology for high voltage and high power applications that seems to be gaining interest is the MLI. In high power and high voltage applications, the two level inverters have some limitations in operating at high frequency mainly due to switching losses and constraints of device rating.In this paper, a three phase H + type FCMLI (Flying Capacitor MLI) using sinusoidal reference, third harmonic injection reference, 60 degree reference and stepped wave reference are initially developed using SIMULINK and then implemented in real time environment using dSPACE. In H-type FCMLI with R-load it is inferred that bipolar COPWM-C provides output with relatively low distortion for 60 degree reference and bipolar COPWM-C strategy is found to perform better since it provides relatively higher fundamental RMS output voltage for THI reference. The five level output voltages of the chosen MLIs obtained using the MATLAB and dSPACE based PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) strategies and the corresponding %THD (Total Harmonic Distortion), VRMS (fundamental), CF (Crest Factor) and FF (Form Factor) are presented and analyzed.

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Anton, Anton, et Tuti Angraini. « UNJUK KERJA DAN PEMANFAATAN INVERTER SEBAGAI PENGENDALI KECEPATAN MOTOR INDUKSI 3 PHASA ». Elektron : Jurnal Ilmiah 5, n^o 2 (13 décembre 2013) : 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/eji.5.2.59.

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The Induction motors are found in industrial and domestic environments because of low cost of operation including, induction motors are widely used induction motor 1 phase and 3 phase. During operation of induction motors generally used at normal speed, but the specific purpose induction motors operated with variable speed. In order to obtain varying motor speed can be controlled using the inverter. The use of inverters here to give supplay voltage AC induction motor in which the magnitude of the frequency can be varied. Setting frequency of the inverter utilizing method pulse with modulation (PWM). The circuit used to build PWM, using Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) technology. Values obtained variable frequency ranging from 4 Hz to 50 Hz, and acquired motor speed ranging from 12 rpm up to 1390 rpm.

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Arslan, Serdal, İlhan Tarimer, M. E. Güven et Sibel Akkaya Oy. « A medium frequency transformer design for spot welding machine using sizing equation and finite element analysis ». Engineering review 40, n^o 3 (21 mai 2020) : 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.30765/er.40.3.05.

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In this study, a medium frequency power transformer has been designed analytically and its sizes have been obtained. The transformer’s analyses were made numerically by 2D AnsysMaxwell Solver software package. The Solver has also helped to study suitable transformer core and winding samples. Unlike medium frequency transformer, which is generally driven by unipolar PWM method, the designed transformer is driven by bipolar PWM method in the study. The core losses were obtained for different core materials (Trafoperm N3 and Amorfous 2605SA1) by AnsysMaxwell numerical and analytical calculations. The calculated losses for no-load working conditions were compared with each other. The designed transformer has been analyzed for its noload and loaded working conditions magnetically. Finally, the radial and axial forces created in the windings have also been examined for loaded working condition.

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Zhao, Bing. « Drive Circuit Design of H-Bridge Permanent-Magnet DC Moment Motor Based on HIP4081 Chip ». Advanced Materials Research 986-987 (juillet 2014) : 1086–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.986-987.1086.

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In order to achieve reliable drive for Permanent-magnet DC moment motor and high-precision control, we use special chips designed HIP4081 H-bridge PWM motor drive circuit bipolar reversible, with DSP as the controller completed a two-way rotation and permanent magnet DC motor speed control . Experiments show that the circuit is safe, reliable, environmental adaptability, good thermal conductivity, high efficiency, applicable to Permanent-magnet DC moment motor powered a variety of control systems.

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Hassaine, Linda, et Mohamed Rida Bengourina. « Design and control technique for single phase bipolar H-bridge inverter connected to the grid ». International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, n^o 3 (1 juin 2020) : 3057. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i3.pp3057-3065.

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The power quality injected into the grid and the performance of the converter system depend on the quality of the inverter current control. This paper proposes a design and control technique for a photovoltaic inverter connected to the grid based on the digital pulse-width modulation (DSPWM) which can synchronise a sinusoidal output current with a grid voltage and control a power factor. The current injected must be sinusoidal with reduced harmonic distortion. The connected PV system is based on H-Bridge inverter controlled by bipolar PWM Switching. The current control technique and functional structure of this system are presented and simulated. Detailed analysis, Simulations results of output voltage and current waveform demonstrate the contribution of this approach to determinate the suitable control of the system. A digital design of a generator PWM using VHDL is proposed and implemented on an Xilinx FPGA and it has been validated with experimental results. As a result, the proposed inverter implementation is simple, and it becomes an attractive solution for low power grid connected applications.

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Rong, Liang, Shan Jie Jia, Kui Hua Wu, Chun Mei Fu et Qing Mao Fu. « The Effect of Dead Zone Mode on Electric Vehicle PWM Speed Control System ». Advanced Materials Research 986-987 (juillet 2014) : 1337–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.986-987.1337.

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To realize the electric vehicle braking energy recycling and driving smooth, bipolar PWM modulation mode is often adopted. To avoid the bridge arm shoot-through, a dead zone needs to be set in the complementary upper and lower bridge arm driving signal. Using hardware circuit dead zone setting has the advantages of simple setting and high reliability, is often used in the integrated driving module, however different dead zone mode has different influence on the inverter output voltage. This paper carried analysis on motor speed nonlinear problems caused by output voltage jump around a specific duty ratio in hardware dead zone setting mode, and gives the improvement of hardware circuit. Simulation and experimental results indicate that the method can well solve the output voltage jump in the vicinity of a specific duty ratio problem.

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Swanepoel, P. H., J. D. van Wyk et J. J. Schoeman. « Transformer-coupled direct base drive technology for high-power, high-voltage, bipolar transistor PWM converters ». IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 25, n^o 6 (1989) : 1158–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/28.44254.

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Petrovic, Goran, Juraj Alojzije Bosnic, Goran Majic et Marin Despalatovic. « A Design of PWM Controlled Calibrator of Non-Sinusoidal Voltage Waveforms ». Energies 12, n^o 10 (23 mai 2019) : 1966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12101966.

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Power quality conditions in electrical power networks have drastically changed in recent years. A number of electrical devices and power generators that are the main sources of disturbances is ever increasing. Thus, the need for calibrators of different electrical equipment that will be able to generate non-sinusoidal voltages and/or currents has proportionally increased. This paper presents a simple, unconventional approach of generating voltage harmonics, which do not rely on digital-to-analog (D/A) boards and power amplifier to amplify low-voltage signals. A fundamental part of the calibrator is the insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) inverter with low-pass LRC filter at its output, which eliminates higher harmonics from the generated voltage. Desired voltage waveform is directly generated at the inverter’s output, thus the power amplifier is omitted from the setup. The modulation technique used for controlling IGBTs is the well-known sine pulse width modulation (PWM). Magnitudes and phase angles of the desired harmonics are regulated to compensate for the phenomena that may have a negative influence on their values: Nonlinearities of the system, temperature variation, voltage drops on parasitic components, etc. Experimental results show great potential of the proposed method for the design of the voltage calibrator for various electrical instruments.

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Balamurugan, Chinnapettai Ramalingam, S. P. Natarajan, V. Padmathilagam et T. S. Anandhi. « Design of A New Three Phase Hybrid H-bridge and H-Type FCMLI for Various PWM Strategies ». International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences 4, n^o 3 (1 septembre 2015) : 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijaas.v4.i3.pp82-89.

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The inverters have to be designed to obtain a quality output voltage or a current waveform with a minimum amount of ripple content. In high power and high voltage applications the conventional two level inverters, however, have some limitations in operating at high frequency mainly due to switching losses and constraints of the power device ratings. Series and parallel combination of power switches in order to achieve the power handling voltages and currents. The conventional two level inverters produce THD levels around 60% even under normal operating conditions which are undesirable and cause more losses and other power quality problems too on the AC drives and utilities. Nowadays, multilevel inverters are widely used in power industry. Voltage unbalance problem is one of the major issues in working of multilevel inverter. In this paper, a three phase H-bridge + H-type FCMLI using sinusoidal reference, third harmonic injection reference, 60 degree reference and stepped wave reference are initially developed using SIMULINK and then implemented in real time environment using dSPACE. The five level output voltages of the chosen MLIs obtained using the MATLAB and dSPACE based PWM strategies and the corresponding % THD, VRMS (fundamental) , CF and FF are presented and analyzed. It is observed that bipolar COPWM-C provides output with relatively low distortion for sine reference and bipolar COPWM-B strategy is found to perform better since it provides relatively higher fundamental RMS output voltage for 60 degree reference.

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Wang, Yibo, Peng Wang, Guowei Cai, Chuang Liu, Dongbo Guo, Hanwen Zhang et Bingda Zhu. « An Improved Bipolar-Type AC–AC Converter Topology Based on Nondifferential Dual-Buck PWM AC Choppers ». IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 36, n^o 4 (avril 2021) : 4052–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2020.3022026.

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Li, Yahui, Pu Deng, Jing Zhang, Donghang Liu et Zhenghang Hao. « A Study of Interpolation Compensation Based Large Step Simulation of PWM Converters ». Energies 13, n^o 12 (13 juin 2020) : 3069. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13123069.

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Real-time online simulation based on a real-time workshop (RTW) plays a vital role in the study and application of power electronics. However, restricted by the performance of equipment and hardware, the simulators so far available in the market mainly support simulation steps over 50 μs, while large step simulation may result in the action delay of pulse-width modulating (PWM), numerical oscillation and high-level non-characteristic harmonic distortion. In view of these problems, this paper puts forward a modeling method based on integral prediction and interpolation compensation. First of all, prediction is performed one step in advance by the implicit trapezoidal method to find out the accurate time when the triangle carrier wave intersects with the modulation wave. At the same time, a mathematic model is built for the insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) to output equivalent voltage waveform according to the principle of area equivalent. Next, in MATLAB/Simulink, offline simulation is performed with the three-phase AC-DC-AC converter as the subject. By comparing the control accuracy, the content of harmonic wave and the simulation time, the simulation effects of the 50 μs fixed-step interpolation prediction model are the same as that for a 5 μs fixed-step standard model. Finally, the effectiveness and high efficiency of this algorithm are verified on a real-time simulator, marking the application of offline models on real-time simulators.

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Balamurugan, Chinnapettai Ramalingam, P. Vijayakumar et T. Sengolrajan. « A novel impedance source fed H-type flying capacitor multilevel inverter ». International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences 8, n^o 3 (1 septembre 2019) : 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijaas.v8.i3.pp225-231.

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In this paper, simulation using MATLAB/SIMULINK is performed with bipolar triangular fixed amplitude multi-carrier Phase Disposition (PD) PWM strategy with sine wave, Third Harmonic Injection, 60 degree Pulse Width Modulation and stepped wave reference for the chosen impedance Source based H-Type flying capacitor Multilevel Inverter (ISBH-Type FCMLI). The root means square value of the fundamental component and Total Harmonic Distortion of the output voltage which are the most important performance indices for the chosen inverter topologies are evaluated presented and compared for various references through duty ratios. From the simulation results it is observed that for various references the THD is almost similar but the root mean square value in terms of voltage is more for THI, 60 degree PWM and stepped wave reference with phase disposition strategy. The results are obtained for ma (amplitude modulation index) < 1 (under amplitude modulation index), ma=1 (normal amplitude modulation index) and ma > 1 (over amplitude modulation index).

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Ahmed, Hafiz Furqan, Mohamed Shawky El Moursi, Honnyong Cha, Khalifa Al Hosani et Bashar Zahawi. « A Reliable Single-Phase Bipolar Buck–Boost Direct PWM AC–AC Converter With Continuous Input/Output Currents ». IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 67, n^o 12 (décembre 2020) : 10253–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2019.2958290.

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Muthukumar, P., L. Padmasuresh, K. Eswaramoorthy et S. Jeevananthan. « Critical analysis of random frequency inverted sine carrier PWM fortification for half-controlled bipolar three-phase inverters ». Journal of Power Electronics 20, n^o 2 (31 janvier 2020) : 479–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s43236-020-00034-6.

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Et. al., D. Sathisha,. « A Simplified Control Approach of AC-DC-TLBC for Bi-Polar DC Microgrid Applications ». Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, n^o 2 (10 avril 2021) : 818–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i2.1090.

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In this paper the main focus is to convert 3-Phase AC to DC and DC to 3-level Boost conversion for bipolar DC micro grid applications. The input side of AC-DC converter acts as active PWM rectifier and this can be controlled by using a new Min Max (MM) control algorithm to maintain the regulated DC link voltage. The DC link voltage is boosted according to the duty cycle along with voltage balance compensation algorithm in 3-L Boost (TLBC) converter. Hence the combination of two control approaches can provide better dynamic and steady state responses and the output results are carried out by MATLAB /Simulink environment.

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Zhang, Jian, Yuan Jun Zhou et Jing Zhao. « Study on Four-Quadrant Operation of Brushless DC Motor Control Method ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 373-375 (août 2013) : 1363–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.373-375.1363.

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Brushless DC motors, which are applied to the human skeleton boosters, require frequent switch of four-quadrant operation states of forward rotation, backward rotation, electro motion and braking control. This switch generally requires to be soft and smooth without overshoot, big impulse or speed mutation. The general performance of the brushless DC motor control system cant meet this requirement. The main purpose of this paper is to solve this problem by adopting bipolar PWM control which makes it possible to realize the motor operating in four-quadrant and improve its characteristics. In addition, the paper proved the correct and efficiency of this method by using simulation .

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Sheikh, M. R. I., et A. B. M. Nasiruzzaman. « Transient Stability Enhancement of Wind Generator by PWM Voltage Source Converter and Chopper Controlled SMES Unit ». Journal of Scientific Research 1, n^o 2 (22 avril 2009) : 226–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v1i2.2281.

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In order to investigate the impacts of the integration of wind farms into utility networks, transient stability should be analyzed before connecting wind turbine generator system (WTGS) to the power system. This paper proposes a robust controller for Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) unit to enhance the transient stability of a grid connected fixed speed wind generator system. In the proposed controller, both SMES active and reactive powers are controlled to decrease the fluctuations of output power and terminal voltage of the wind generator during transient condition. The power conversion system (PCS) of SMES unit used in this paper is composed of a sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulated Voltage Source Converter (PWM-VSC) and a two-quadrant DC-DC chopper using Insulated Gate turn-off Bipolar Transistors (IGBT). Stability during symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults in the network system is analyzed.Â Â The effects of the faults on the generator dynamics are also discussed clearly. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed SMES controller is very effective for stabilizing wind generator as well as the entire power system. Keywords: Â Fixed speed wind generator system; Transient analysis; System faults; PWM-VSC; DC-DC chopper and SMES unit.Â© 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.Â DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i2.2281

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Tutkun, Nedim. « Improved power quality in a single-phase PWM inverter voltage with bipolar notches through the hybrid genetic algorithms ». Expert Systems with Applications 37, n^o 8 (août 2010) : 5614–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2010.02.051.

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Zhou, Xiang, Jianping Xu et Shu Zhong. « Single-Stage Soft-Switching Low-Distortion Bipolar PWM Modulation High-Frequency-Link DC–AC Converter With Clamping Circuits ». IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 65, n^o 10 (octobre 2018) : 7719–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2018.2801807.

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Huang, He, Ji Cheng Bai, Ze Sheng Lu et Yong Feng Guo. « A Novel Power Supply for High Speed Drilling Electrical Discharge Machining Base on Pulsed Width Modulated ». Materials Science Forum 626-627 (août 2009) : 285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.626-627.285.

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In this paper, a novel Pulsed-Width-Modulated (PWM) half-bridge High Speed Drilling Electrical Discharge Machining (HSDEDM) power supply has been developed. This power supply has excellent features that include minimal component count and inherent protection. This topology has an energy conservation feature and eliminates the output bulk capacitors and current limiting resistances. Energy used in the erosion process will be controlled by the switched Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs) in the half-bridge network and be transferred to the gap between the tool and work-piece. The relative tool wear and machining speed of our proposed topology have been compared with that of a normal power supply with current limiting resistances.

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Kusuma, Zeka Wijaya, Sunu Pradana et Abdul Hamid Kurniawan. « Rancang Bangun Modul Praktikum Penggunaan Bipolar Junction Transistor Sebagai Sakelar Berbasis Arduino Mega ». PoliGrid 1, n^o 1 (30 juin 2020) : 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.46964/poligrid.v1i1.343.

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Abstrak- BJT (Bipolar Junction Transistor) sebagai sakelar adalah salah satu pokok bahasan pada mata kuliah elektronika daya dan membutuhkan modul praktikum sebagai media dalam proses pembelajarannya. Modul praktikum yang sudah ada relatif kompleks sehingga penulis membuat rancang bangun yang lebih sederhana sehingga mudah untuk diperbaiki saat terjadi kerusakan serta komponen penggantinya mudah untuk ditemukan. BJT dapat berfungsi sebagai sakelar dengan memanfaatkan dua modenya yaitu saturation dan cut off. Pada perancangan modul, penyakelaran dikendalikan oleh Arduino Mega dengan sinyal PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) pada terminal basis, baik BJT NPN maupun BJT PNP. Berdasarkan pengujian saat cut off untuk BJT NPN dan BJT PNP pada beban resistor maupun resistor dengan induktor, nilai tegangan beban 0 V dan arus beban 0,003 A. sedangkan saat saturation pada beban resistor untuk BJT NPN, nilai tegangan beban 11,45 V dan arus beban 0,572 A dan BJT PNP, nilai tegangan beban 11,45 V dan arus beban 0,573 A. pada beban resistor dengan induktor untuk BJT NPN, nilai tegangan beban 11,81 V dan arus beban 0,122 A dan BJT PNP, nilai tegangan beban 11,79 V dan arus beban 0,121 A.

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Qiu, Gen, Fan Wu, Kai Chen et Li Wang. « A Robust Accuracy Weighted Random Forests Algorithm for IGBTs Fault Diagnosis in PWM Converters without Additional Sensors ». Applied Sciences 12, n^o 4 (17 février 2022) : 2121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12042121.

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When an insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) open-circuit fault occurs, a three-phase pulse-width modulated (PWM) converter can usually keep working, which will lead to system instability and more serious secondary faults. The fault detection and diagnosis of the converter is extremely necessary to improve the reliability of the power supply system. In order to solve the problem of fault misdiagnosis caused by parameters disturbance, this paper proposes a robust accuracy weighted random forests online fault diagnosis model to accurately locate various IGBTs open-circuit faults. Firstly, the fault signal features are preprocessed by using the three-phase current signal and normalization method. Based on the test accuracy of the perturbed out-of-bag data and the multiple converters test data, a robust accuracy weighted random forests algorithm is proposed for extracting a mapping relationship between fault modes and current signal. In order to further improve the fault diagnosis performance, a parameter optimization model is built to optimize hyper-parameters of the proposed method. Finally, comparative simulation and online fault diagnosis experiments are carried out, and the results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the method.

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Bouchafaa, Farid, Mohamed Seghir Boucherit et El Madjid Berkouk. « Feedback Loop Control Strategies of the Multi Dc Bus Link Voltages Using Adaptive Fuzzy Logic Control ». Journal of Electrical Engineering 64, n^o 3 (1 mai 2013) : 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jee-2013-0021.

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Voltage source multilevel inverters have become very attractive for power industries in power electronics applications during last years. The main purposes that have led to the development of the studies about multilevel inverters are the generation of output voltage signals with low harmonic distortion; the reduction of switching frequency. A serious constraint in a multilevel inverter is the capacitor voltage-balancing problem. The unbalance of different DC voltage sources of five-level neutral point clamping (NPC) voltage source inverter (VSI) constitutes the major limitation for the use of this new power converter. In order to stabilize these DC voltages, we propose in this paper to study the cascade constituted by three phases five-level PWM rectifier, a clamping bridge and five-level NPC (VSI). In the first part, we present a topology of five-level NPC VSI, and then they propose a model of this converter and an optimal PWM strategy to control it using four bipolar carriers. Then in the second part, we study a five-level PWM rectifier, which is controlled by a multiband hysteresis strategy. In the last part of this paper, the authors study shows particularly the problem of the stability of the multi DC voltages of the inverter and its consequence on the performances of the induction motors (IM). Then, we propose a solution to the problem by employed closed loop regulation using PI regulator type fuzzy logic controller (FLC). The results obtained with this solution confirm the good performances of the proposed solution, and promise to use the inverter in high voltage and great power applications as electrical traction.

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Aihsan, M. Z., A. M. Yusof, Hasliza A. Rahim, B. Ismail, W. A. Mustafa, M. Saifizi et M. I. Fahmi. « Comparative investigations on different types of inductors in single-phase inverter ». Journal of Physics : Conference Series 2107, n^o 1 (1 novembre 2021) : 012051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2107/1/012051.

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Abstract This article organized in two sections where it compares the performance of single-phase inverters using various types of inductors with differences modulation technique of pulse width modulation (PWM). Not all inductors perform the same function, even the inductance value is the same. The study will investigate the capability of each inductor on its performance to convert the unfiltered AC voltage into filtered sinusoidal AC voltage. The drum core and toroidal core inductors were used in this investigation. For both inductors, the performance will be analyzed based on Bipolar and Unipolar switching schemes in a single unit H-bridge circuit. The validation of results are through experimental assessment only and it will be evaluating the shape of sinusoidal AC voltage and the content of total harmonics distortion in the AC voltage for both inductors.

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Kim, Jeongwoo, Yu Han, Shanshan Wang, Yihe Wang et Younghoon Cho. « A Current Reconstruction at Parallel Three Phase Inverters Using Two Current Sensors ». Electronics 8, n^o 2 (4 février 2019) : 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8020179.

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In this paper, a current restoration method which can be applied to three phase parallel interleaved inverters (TPPII) using two current sensors has been proposed. In the proposed current reconstruction method, the branch current and the phase current of the two phases of the TPPII are sampled concurrently at the peak and valley of the pulse width modulation (PWM) carrier using two hall-effect sensors. Then, the phase current of each inverter is reconstructed by analyzing the sensed current with the current conduction path information according to the switch state in the peak and valley of the PWM carrier. This paper additionally analyzes the characteristics of the offset occurring in the detection process of two current sensors and it proposes a compensation method to reduce the offset on-line. In order to at once reduce the offset of the three-phase recovery current caused by the DC offset of the sensor, a coordinate conversion method and a low pass are used. To verify the performance of the proposed current recovery method and real-time offset compensation method, a simulation using PSIM software was performed, and experiments were conducted using a three phase parallel inverter composed of insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) modules. In particular, the AC offset that occurred in the sampling process during the experiment was analyzed and modeled, and it was reduced by simple calculation.

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Agarwal, Anant K. « A Case for High Temperature, High Voltage SiC Bipolar Devices ». Materials Science Forum 556-557 (septembre 2007) : 687–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.556-557.687.

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The last three years have seen a rapid growth of 600 V and 1200 V SiC Schottky diodes primarily in the Power Factor Correction (PFC) circuits. The next logical step is introduction of a SiC MOSFET to not only further improve the power density and efficiency of the PFC circuits but also to enable the entry of all SiC power modules in Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) based power converters such as motor control in 600-1200 V range. The combination of SiC MOSFET and Schottky diodes will offer 60-80% lower losses in most low voltage applications at normal operating temperatures (< 200°C) where no significant improvements in packaging are required. This will cover most commercial applications with the exception of those having to function under extreme environment (>200°C) such as applications in automotive, aerospace and oil/gas exploration. For these high temperature applications, a case can be made for 600 - 2000 V Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs) and PiN diodes provided we do our homework on high temperature packaging. A number of interesting device related problems persist in bipolar devices such as forward voltage increase in PiN diodes and current gain degradation in BJTs. For very high voltage (>10 kV) applications such as those found in utilities (Transmission and Distribution), Large Drives and Traction, a case can be made for >10 kV PiN diodes, IGBTs, Thyristors and GTOs. While IGBTs will be restricted to <200°C junction temperature, the PiN diodes, Thyristors and GTOs may be operated at >250°C junction temperature provided that the high temperature, high voltage packaging issues are also addressed. Significant progress has been made in the development of the p-channel IGBTs and GTOs. The main issues seem to be the VF degradation due to stacking fault formation and improvement of minority carrier life-time.

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