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Calvani, Giulio, Paolo Perona, Coralie Schick et Luca Solari. « Biomorphological scaling laws from convectively accelerated streams ». Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 45, no 3 (15 mars 2020) : 723–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.4735.
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Волков, Игорь Вячеславович. « INTENSIFICATION AND DECREASING OF LIFE PROCESSES AND THE BIOMORPHOLOGICAL EVOLUTION OF ALPINE PLANTS ». Proceedings of the Tigirek State Natural Reserve, no 1 (2005) : 175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.53005/20767390_2005_1_175.
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Pikalova, N. A., S. V. Krylenko et T. A. Volkova. « Steppe communities within the coast of the Taman Peninsula ». IOP Conference Series : Earth and Environmental Science 946, no 1 (1 décembre 2021) : 012043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/946/1/012043.
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Abstract The article presents the results of field research in 2019–2020 of plant communities of the abrasive coast of the Taman Peninsula. The biomorphological structure of populations is dominated by annual species, which indicates a high dynamism associated with exogenous processes. Ecologically, the dominant species are xerophytes and xeromesophytes, as well as species with a wide eco-amplitude. The process of unification of the studied flora is low and amounted to 17 %. The generalized floristic list includes 231 plant species from 48 families. In the study area, 7 species of Red Book plants were found, of which 2 species were included in the Red Book of the Russian Federation.
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Толстикова, Татьяна Николаевна, Ирина Владимировна Чернявская et Анна Юрьевна Бескровная. « Growth processes of Spach. genus in the Botanical Garden of the Adyghe State University ». Вестник Адыгейского государственного университета, серия «Естественно-математические и технические науки», no 1(296) (20 juin 2022) : 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.53598/2410-3225-2022-1-296-46-49.
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В коллекции Ботанического сада Адыгейского государственного университета представлены 22 культивара пяти видов Chamaecyparis Spach. различных возрастных групп (от 8 до 34 лет). В статье приведены результаты первичных интродукционных испытаний культиваров рода Chamaecyparis: изучены биоморфологические особенности десяти садовых форм. Установлено, что прирост лидирующих побегов варьирует от 6 до 13 см в год, в неблагоприятный 2019 г. - от 2 до 7 см; прирост боковых побегов - от 4 до 13 см, в 2019 г. - от 1 до 6 см. При соблюдении необходимых мер по уходу (обеспечение полива в засушливый период, своевременные подкормка и обрезка) исследуемые культивары могут быть рекомендованы к широкому использованию в озеленении. The collection of the Botanical Garden of the Adyghe State University includes 22 cultivars of five species of Chamaecyparis Spach. of different age groups (age 8-34). The paper presents the results of primary introduction tests of cultivars of the genus Chamaecyparis: the biomorphological features of ten garden forms are studied. It has been found that the typical rate of growth of leading shoots is 6-13 cm per year, in unfavorable 2019 - from 2 to 7 cm; the rate of growth of lateral shoots is 4-13 cm, in 2019 - from 1 to 6 cm. Our results suggest that if the necessary care measures are observed (watering in the dry period, timely fertilizing and pruning) the studied cultivars can be recommended for widespread use in landscape setting.
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Lobachevska, O. V., N. Y. Kyyak et I. V. Rabyk. « Ecological and physiological peculiarities of bryophytes on a post-technogenic salinized territory ». Biosystems Diversity 27, no 4 (24 octobre 2019) : 342–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/011945.
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Taxonomic, biomorphological and ecological structures of bryophytes, their reproductive strategy and the main mechanisms of tolerance in the conditions of salinization were investigated. Bryophytes are the pioneers that have colonized the territory of a tailing storage that holds liquid waste from potassium-magnesium concentrate production of the Mining and Chemical Enterprise "Polymineral". Due to excess salts, the soil solution in the shore area of the tailing pond acquires high osmotic pressure. Three experimental plots which differed significantly in the level of the substrate salinity were laid at the distance of 3, 6 and 9 m from the reservoir for experimental studies. Water extracts of the substrates from the test sites showed the highest concentrations for sulfates – 10.4–64.6 mg Eq/100 g of soil and chlorides – 7.6–43.3 mg Eq/100 g of soil. It was established that the investigated areas of the tailing storage territory differed in the biochemical activity of the substrate, which was evaluated by its redox potential. On the areas of the uncovered substrate it was the lowest – 230 mV, which indicates anaerobiosis in conditions of very high salinization and moisture. Higher ROP values were determined at the sites of bryophyte cover distribution – 295–330 mV. The aim of the study was to determine the features of taxonomic, biomorphological and ecological structures of bryophytes, their reproductive strategy and to establish the main mechanisms of adaptation to the conditions of salinization on the tailing storage territory. 24 species and 3 varieties of bryophytes, belonging to 12 families and 16 genera were found on the shore of the tailing storage pond. The results of biomorphological and ecological analysis of bryophytes indicate the uneven conditions of the habitats and their considerable ecological plasticity. Among the bryophytes, mesophytes, xeromesophytes and meso-eutrophs, eutrophs with a life-form of low dense and loose turf dominated. In salinization conditions, dioicous acrocarpous mosses prevailed, the fertile turf of which, depending on the influence of abiotic factors, differed significantly in the number of sexual shoots, their ratio and productivity. Bulbils were found only on the tips of Bryum argenteum shoots. Along with Salicornia europaea L., a euhalophyte, the leading role in the initial stage of overgrowth of the tailing storage area most often belonged to Didymodon rigidulus, Bryum argenteum, Funaria hygrometrica and Barbula unguiculata. The process of formation of bryophyte cover occurred along a gradient of decrease in salt concentration at the experimental sites. Adaptation of bryophytes to substrate salinity is due to a change in metabolic processes, which is manifested in an increase of the total content of carbohydrates and an increase of the cation exchange capacity of moss cell walls, which is the primary barrier that reduces the toxic effect of ions under salt stress.
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A., Malynovskyі. « Main directions and results of researches of phytoinvasion ». Proceedings of the State Natural History Museum, no 34 (20 août 2018) : 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.36885/nzdpm.2018.34.55-68.
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The aim of this work is to generalize the main trends and the research results related to the expansion of invasive plant species. The main hypotheses that explain the success of invasive species are reviewed. The hypotheses are: absence of natural enemies in the secondary area, influence of hybridization and allelopathy on the processes of invasion, the hypothesis of vacant niches, the emergence of new genotypes with expressive adaptive features, the rapid development of genetic traits associated with the pressure of natural selection in new environmental conditions, the importance of bioecological features of invasive species – by morphological and biomorphological plasticity, ecological versatility, ecological-phytocoenic strategies, features of reproduction, etc. Invasion of non-native species is primarily caused by anthropogenic transformation of the natural environment, which is aggravated by climate change. The increasing level of transformation of the environment leads to an increase in the degree of naturalization of non-native species, and as a consequence to modification of types of habitats and to a loss of individual populations of natural species. Processes of naturalization of invasive species are supported by a set of specific various systematic groups of factors. The lack of an effective monitoring system and information tools prevents effective control of invasive non-native species. The necessity to construct models of the behavior of invasive species and to check the predictions of their invasive activity is substantiated.
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Shakurov, Almaz Ilgizyarovich. « Floristic component of ecosystem of the Karalyk River ». Samara Journal of Science 5, no 3 (1 septembre 2016) : 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv20163112.
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Karalyk River - the right tributary of the river Big Irgiz. The channel has no permanent watercourse, in summer it occasionally dries up, so along the entire course meet earthen dams, retarding flood flows. The task of this work included a comprehensive assessment of the flora of the river, the characteristics of systematic, ecological and biomorphological composition. Furthermore, the authors investigated the resource value of the riparian-aquatic plants. A study of the flora revealed 53 species of semi-aquatic plants, hydrophytes amount to 11,3%, hygrogelophytes - 7,5%, galofity (15%), hygrophytes - 30,8%, hygromesophyte and mesophytae of 39,6%. The types of plants growing in the bed of the river Karalic and the coast represented by 28 genera from 24 families. The taxa belong to the classes Liliiopsida (11 families) and are represented by a (13 families). The greatest number of species observed for the Asteraceae Salicaceaе, Fabaceae, Poaceae, Cyperaceae, Lemnaceae, Potamogetonaceae, Polygonaceae, Lamiaceae, and Typhaceae, they contain from 7 to 2 species, the remaining 14 families represented by one species. Analysis of the flora of the river Karalic showed that the aquatic flora contains 18 species or 34% of the total species composition. Low species diversity is due to the high degree of erosion processes, active processes of sedimentation as a result of failure of coastal protection zones. Low water clarity inhibits the development of the typical aquatic plants.
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Optasyuk, O. M., et I. D. Hrygorchuk. « АНАЛІЗ СТРУКТУРИ СИНАНТРОПНОЇ ФРАКЦІЇ ФЛОРИ МІСТА ДУНАЇВЦІ (ХМЕЛЬНИЦЬКА ОБЛАСТЬ) ». Scientific Issue Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University. Series : Biology 81, no 3 (23 juin 2022) : 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2078-2357.21.3.1.
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The article presents the results of the analysis of the systematic, biomorphological, geographical and ecological structures of the apophytic and anthropophytic components of the synanthropic fraction of the flora of the town of Dunaivtsi, Khmelnytsky region. Identification of species of the study area was carried out by stationary, semi-stationary, detailed route methods throughout 2016–2019. The research was carried out on natural and anthropogenically altered areas of roadside and forest plantations, abandoned fields, agricultural lands, parks, roadsides, dumps. The summary of the synanthropic fraction of flora in Dunaivtsi includes species of natural flora, as well as those that are mostly cultivated, but for some reason at the time of the study were recorded outside their cultivation: in landfills, roadsides, as weeds in agricultural landscapes or in plantations of different economic purposes.
The Floristic list includes 206 species of 147 genera and 45 families, of which 112 species are represented by anthropophytes (54.4 %) and 94 – apophytes (45.6%). Among apophytes at the top there are hemiapophytes (37 species; 39.0 %), followed by evapophytes (33 species; 3 %), then eventapophytes (24 species; 26.0 %). Among anthropophytes, epecophytes predominate in terms of the degree of naturalization – 96 species (86m0 %); significantly fewer agriophytes – 13 species (12.0 %) and ephemerophytes – 3 species (3.0 %).
The ratio between the fractions is 1,2:1 in favor of adventitious plants, which indicates the superiority of adventization processes over apophytization processes in the town of Dunaivtsi, Khmelnytsky region.
The proportion of the studied flora is 1: 3,3: 4,6, the average number of species in the family is 4.6, the generic coefficient being 1.4. The ten leading families include 138 species (67.0 %) and 97 genera (66.0 %) of the region’s flora.
In the biomorphological structure of the synanthropic fraction of flora of Dunaivtsi, according to the classification of I. G. Serebryakov, the vast majority of species (174 species, 85 %) are herbaceous plants, among them the duration of the life cycle is slightly dominated by herbaceous polycarpics (88 species, 43 %) over monocarpics (86 species, 42 %). According to the classification of biological types of K. Raunkier, more than half of the synanthropic fraction of flora are hemicryptophytes (107 species, 52 %); significant in number of species are therophytes – 82 species (40 %), and phanerophytes, hamephytes, cryptophytes and geophytes are represented by 17 species (8.2 %).
Geographical analysis of the studied synanthropic fraction of flora showed that the widest represented areological groups are Holarctic – 51 species, group of cosmopolitans – 48, Palearctic – 10, Eurasian – 23, Euro-Mediterranean – 44, Euro-Siberian – 10, North American – 12 species. The ecological structure of the flora in the composition of heliomorphs is dominated by heliophytes (112 species, 54.4 %); in the composition of hygromorphs – xeromesophytes (98 species, 47.6 %).
It was found that among the invasive species of the town, the most aggressive growth is characterized by Acer negundo, Galinsoga parviflora, Amaranthus retroflexus, Solidago canadensis.
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Druz, N. V. « ОСОБЛИВОСТІ БУДОВИ КІСТОК ТАЗОСТЕГНОВОГО СУГЛОБА ПТАХІВ, ЯК ОКРЕМОЇ ЛАНКИ ЛОКОМОТОРНОГО АПАРАТА ». Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology 18, no 3(70) (5 septembre 2016) : 88–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet7020.
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This article is dedicated to the study of the structure, ways of formation of bone structures that form the basis of locomotor organs, namely the hip joint, the elucidation of mechanisms of their development, because they provide their reliable functioning. The study of the structural features of the skeleton of birds in comparison to other animals makes it possible to understand the phylogeny as an adaptive process that is the basis of evolution at all.Theoretical generalization of structural features of birds’ hip joint that are characterized by different types of biomorphological adaptations, such as the type and speed of ground movement in the habitat, are presented in the article. This new position allows analyzing the processes of differentiation and transformation of muscles and skeletal elements of birds’ hip joint, which are functioning and developing under the influence of various external factors.The summarized results of the original systematic morpho–functional and morpho–ecological study of hip bones as the main unit of bipedal locomotion of the Class Aves, is given. A detailed comparative description of skeletal elements of birds’ hip joint, that accompanied by unique historical overview which covers more than two–thousand–year period, is provided for the first time. The analysis of some significant morphological structures, which gives clues to the reconstruction of adaptive evolution of any group of birds, is given.
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Anishchenko, I. E., Ya M. Golovanov, O. Yu Zhigunov et L. M. Abramova. « FEATURES OF THE COENOFLORA OF LAWNS IN UFA ». Ekosistemy -, no 21 (2020) : 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2414-4738-2020-21-93-100.
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Lawns are the most important element of the modern urban landscape. They are made by planting grasses at specially prepared homogeneous plots. The coenoflora of Ufa lawns currently includes 112 species of higher plants from 90 genera and 26 families. The characteristic of coenoflora is given on the basis of the performed geobotanical descriptions. Classical floristical analysis of coenoflora is carried out for various floristic spectra: family-genus, biomorphological, horological, ecological, and phytosociological. An assessment of the economic significance of the species was also given. The adventive component of the coenoflora consisting of 29 species was analyzed individually. It accounts for 25.9 % of the total species composition. It is specified that indexes of adventization of coenoflora are relatively low in Ufa in comparison with many other coenofloras of large cities. It can be connected with nature of habitats (absence of soil cover movement and relatively dense cover of lawn grasses and, consequently, absence of soil areas not occupied by plants. Such conditions prevent growing of adventive species). Particularly aggressive invasive plant species (Erigeron annuus, Hordeum jubatum, Solidago canadensis ) are recorded in the group of adventive species. The research proves that in large cities with great disruption of vegetation cover there is an increasing necessity of arranging high-quality lawn ground covers of different types, based on the correct selection of lawn species, optimal agricultural techniques. Ongoing processes that take place in the lawn plant communities should be considered.
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Dubyna, Dmytro V., Tetiana P. Dziuba, Svitlana M. Iemelianova, Vira V. Protopopova et Myroslav V. Shevera. « Alien Species in the Pioneer and Ruderal Vegetation of Ukraine ». Diversity 14, no 12 (8 décembre 2022) : 1085. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14121085.
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Invasions of nonnative plants are widely recognized as one of the major threats to the biodiversity of natural ecosystems on a global scale. Pioneer and ruderal habitats are the primary locations for the penetration of alien plants. Both pioneer and ruderal vegetation are very close in their genesis and beginning of development; therefore, a comparative analysis of their alien components and historical trends would contribute to clarifying the direction of successional changes and the possible management of destructive processes caused by anthropogenic influences in different types of habitats. The results of a structural and comparative analysis of the alien fractions of the coenofloras of the pioneer and ruderal vegetation of Ukraine indicated that the systematic, biomorphological, ecological, and geographical structures of these species show a high similarity, according to many of the main indicators, which allows them to successfully implement a strategy of invasion, particularly in communities characterized by instability and weak coenotic connections. It was established that the ecotopes of both types of vegetation are very favorable to the penetration and establishment of alien species; however, disturbed habitats of the ruderal type are more prone to invasions. In the communities of both pioneer and ruderal vegetation, alien species can become successfully established at the coenotic level, forming phytocoenoses of different hierarchical ranks. The results of this study will contribute to the identification of general patterns of invasions and the optimization (management) of disturbed and unstable natural ecosystems.
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Punegov, Artur Nikolaevich, et Olga Valerievna Skrotskaya. « Biomorphological features, phenological development and winter hardiness of East Asian species of the genus <i>Cotoneaster</i> ; Medik. when introduced in the Komi Republic ». Samara Journal of Science 10, no 3 (1 septembre 2021) : 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv2021103113.
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The paper deals with the biological features of the East Asian species of the genus Cotoneaster Medik. when introduced in the Komi Republic. The features of vegetation, the dynamics of shoot growth, as well as the specificity of growth processes in the North, the degree of winter hardiness of introduced species, flowering and fruiting of plants of three species of this genus have been studied. Long-term observations have established that the studied plants have a long seasonal rhythm of development, they are characterized by late terms of the end of the growing season. Some species in summer, due to their high ability to regenerate shoots, quickly restore the crown, which allows them to enter the flowering and fruiting phases annually under conditions of introduction. Of the seven species, three have entered the generation period, and only two differ in the regular fruit formation. Plants of C. allochrous, C. bullatus, C. roseus, and C. amoenus differ in the late start and late end of the growing season, which affect their winter hardiness. C. dammeri, C. horizontalis and C. ascendens are recommended as the most promising plants for growing in the northern region with an early start and late end of the growing season. The decorativeness of the studied dendrointroducents, which persists during the growing season, is noted.
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Rabyk, I. V., O. V. Lobachevska, N. Y. Kyyak et O. I. Shcherbachenko. « Bryophytes on the devastated territories of sulphur deposits and their role in restoration of dump substrate ». Biosystems Diversity 26, no 4 (18 novembre 2018) : 339–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/011850.
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Bryophytes possess a wide ecological diapason allowing them to populate substrates of technogenic origins which are scarcely suitable or completely unsuitable for viability of vascular plants. 49 bryophyte species, which belong to 2 divisions, 3 classes, 8 orders, 17 families, and 33 genera have been found on the dump territory of sulphur extraction of the mining-chemical enterprise “Sirka” (Yavoriv district, Lviv region). Seven transects, three on the north slope (base, slope, top), three on the south slope and one on the plateau were laid for sample selections. 20 investigated 0.5 × 0.5 m plots located 2 m apart were analyzed within each 10 × 10 m transect. Specific composition, life forms, projective cover, biomass of bryophytes, numbers of male, female and sterile plants, moisture content in the turfs, pH and physiological investigation of mosses were determined on each plot. The quantitative analysis of the biomorphological structure allowed us to establish the dependence of the spread of life forms on exposition and slope height; essential variability of the projective cover and moss biomass. Bryophyte cover plays an essential part in optimization of the moisture regime and surface layer temperature of technogenic substrates, improving the conditions of growth localities. We established that on the dump the dominant moss species are dioecious with a high level of reproductive effort (sexual and sexless), with short ontogenesis and age of first reproduction, which provides the chance to produce the maximum number of progeny in the minimum period and to form a complete moss cover. The analysis of seasonal moss photosynthesis dynamics has demonstrated the adaptability of moss photosynthetic apparatus to contrasting climatic conditions and the ability to support the intensity of photosynthetic processes on a rather stable level during the vegetative period. Our research showed that bryophytes play an important role in productivity of plant cover on the post-technogenic territories of sulphur extraction. It was found that bryophytes play a role in accumulation of organic carbon and biogenic elements in the substrate of the sulphur extraction dump . Carrying out research of specific composition dynamics and species activity is the precondition for revealing the essence of the dynamic processes taking place in the structure of the bryophyte communities on devastated territories and the influence of these processes on the formation of vegetation on dump complexes.
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Shavalda, Yauheni S., et Iosif M. Stepanovich. « FLORISTIC COMPOSITION AND SPATIAL CHANGES OF ROADSIDE VEGETATION IN THE EXPOSITION NOTCH ON THE EXAMPLE OF MINSK AND MINSK REGION HIGHWAYS ». Journal of the Belarusian State University. Ecology., no 2 (25 juin 2022) : 26–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/2521-683x/2022-2-26-38.
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The results of ecological and floristic studies of roadside phytocenoses during the passage of the road in the «notch» exposition are presented. The description of the vegetation along the transect line with the presented structure and species diversity was performed by dividing into 5 sectors depending on the distance from the roadway and the design of the right-of-way (ROW). The 5th sector was not taken into account in this work due to the interest in the plants of the anthropogenically disturbed territory of the ROW. A list of vascular plants and bryophytes has been compiled and analyzed, numbering 225 species that belong to 54 families, 167 genuses. The families with the largest number of species are Asteraceae, Poaceae, Fabaceae, Rosaceae, and Brassicaceae, which corresponds to the taxonomic characteristics of urban landscapes and roadside phytocenoses. A significant role of invasive species is specified: Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv, Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq., Festuca arundinacea Schreb., Lepidotheca suaveolens (Pursh) Nutt. et al. Sectoral division made it possible to trace the effect of remoteness from the highway and changes in edaphic conditions on the species and ecological-coenotic composition of vegetation, their biomorphological spectrum according to the system of Ch. Raunkixr. For example, waterlogging and runoff of salt anti-icing agents in sectors 2 promotes the development of hygrophytic forms of plants and nitrophilic species: Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud., Aegopodium podagraria L. et al. Erosion processes and soil underdevelopment cover in sectors 3 have a positive effect on the growth of halophytes and psammophytes: Oenothera biennis L., Sedum acre L. et al. According to the ecological-coenotic groups with the segetal-ruderal affiliation, forest (41 or 18,2 %) and meadow (40 or 17,8 %) species predominate, the contribution of plants characteristic of ruderal and meadow habitats is expressed (24 or 10,7 %), there are segetal-ruderal (23 or 10,2 %), ruderal (20 or 8,9 %), segetal (15 or 6,7 %) and ruderal-segetal (10 or 4,4 %) species.
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Bogovin, A. V. « Conceptual aspects of the biosphere-balanced use of ecological and biological systems ». Fundamental and Applied Soil Science 15, no 3-4 (1 octobre 2014) : 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/041414.
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This article covers the dynamics of the current state of natural ecosystems under the influence of rapid increase in recent decades of anthropogenic impact on them, with negative effects on the environment and normal reproduction and survival of the biota in it as a resource and most crucial basic integral part of the biosphere. It is noted, particularly, that the current anthropogenic influence has become a powerful factor in the evolution of the biosphere in which biological systems began to function in anthropogenically transformed circulation of substances, often severely impaired harmonization of processes of their self-recovery, often leading to the need for society to revise its behavior in the "man-nature-economy - living environment" system. At the same time the conceptual aspects of strategic environmental and anthropogenic using of ecological and biological systems are presented. Against the background of the above-mentioned changes of the necessity of the transition from the unitary-consumptive use of biotic systems to the system(biosphere)-balanced, in which their component parts - the soil, plant, animals or other forms of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems are considered not only as a source of obtaining the necessary and usefull for human products or basic production resoursed and objects of application of labor, but are as inseparable parts of a whole, functionally interacting entities of nature, beyond which, development and existence is impossible. According to tasks, assessment of the ecological and biological formations and optimization of their use can be carried out on 1) a globally-biosphere 2) landscape-ecological, 3) elementary biogeocenotical levels of the organization of natural and anthropogenically transformed systems. In the article the methodological principles of assessment of the ecological and biological systems in the biosphere-balanced use of them. It is stated that the main focus of their learning and assessment is a systematic approach to the wide range of applications in addition to traditional methods of identifying of structurally elementary indicators and functionally-group-biomorphological, environmental, rhythmic and many other features, the fundamental properties of the study of nonlinear dynamics of processes as complex open ecosystems with determinant-chaotic type of development and the appearance in them of high degree of random factors in the formation. The high appropriateness of accounting hemerobility of representatives of biota is mentioned. that is, their genetic and physiological responses to disturbance of edaphotopes or cultivated land for establishing the degree of degradation of natural ecosystems and acceptable thresholds of anthropogenic load on them. It is noted, that the implementation of a balanced use of natural resources of the biosphere requires changes in traditional thinking and developing of skills of innovative systemic approach and analysis of the surrounding material world, the ability to see the invisible on the basis of visible phenomena of nature, that is, the so-called invisible matter and its powerful energy - intra- and intersystem communication, laws of present and future development of ecological systems, and on this foundation to build properly a model of effective use. It is noted that human disturbance of balance in one or more parts of the system, due to the action intra - and intersystem balance masses, inevitably leads to a change in the entire system and puts it into new functioning modes, which are not always desirable. The task is to prevent the release of anthropogenic variability of natural systems beyond their adaptive stability.
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Lebedeva, O. A., E. A. Belyakov et A. G. Lapirov. « Reproductive potential of yellow water-lily (Nuphar lutea) in the conditions of lake ecosystems ». Biosystems Diversity 28, no 1 (11 mars 2020) : 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/012010.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Nuphar lutea (L.) Sm. (Nymphaeaceae Salisb.) belongs to the category of highly active cenose-forming plants in water bodies and water flows. The material for study of morphological peculiarities and seed productivity of the fruits of this species was collected mainly in the lake ecosystems of the Central Part of European Russia and Republic of Belarus. In the study we used biomorphological and ontogenetic approaches. Seed productivity was surveyed by direct count of number of seeds in the fruit. By abundance (in descending order), the significant reliable inter-lake differences in a number of morphological parameters of the fruit fall into the following sequence: number of rays of stigma of fruit (in six pairs of lakes) > length of fruit (in four pairs of lakes) > diameter of the stigma of fruit (in three pairs of lakes) > diameter of fruit (in two pairs of lakes) > length of the neck of the fruit (in one pair of lakes). Intra-regional differences in certain morphological parameters of fruits (by number of rays of stigmas) were most notably manifested only in the Belarus lakes which are similar by trophic status. All the differences in the fruits’ morphology could be due to differences in the habitat by the amount of nutrients in water and soil. The amount of seed productivity of the fruits from N. lutea varies broadly. Analysis of this parameter depending on the character of soils in which the plants grew indicated reliable results only in the case of muddy (296 ± 81) and sandy soils (179 ± 13). We determined that distribution of generative diasporas of N. lutea across large distances is related not only to presence of floating ability in the seeds, but also the “multi-step” process of their release: first – mericarps from fruits, and then seeds from mericarps. In the experimental conditions, most seeds directly sunk to the bed (70%) and the rest continued to float on the surface of the water during a month. Low germination of the seeds of the water-lily in the laboratory conditions (4–6%) with use of different means and terms of dry stratification was due to the fact that they have an organic morphophysiological intermediate type of rest. Having such a mechanism causes portioned and prolonged germination, allowing the species to survive in non-favourable conditions and accumulate generative diaspores in the soil. Despite the fact that the initial stages of ontogenesis in the laboratory and natural conditions have no significant differences, we found polyvariance in their tempo of development. First of all, this is related to different dates of transition of the plant from one age state to another. In the case of N. lutea, one should also note the morphological polyvariance of ontogenesis related to change in morphologic characteristics of plants depending on the water level. The obtained results give a more complete picture of the peculiarities of generative reproduction of N. lutea, necessary for understanding the ecosystem role of this plant and its impact on biological processes in water bodies.
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Lepeshkina, L. A., M. A. Klevtsova et A. A. Voronin. « ECOLOGICAL AND CENOTIC ROLE OF ALIEN PLANT SPECIES IN FOREST ECOSYSTEMS OF THE VORONEZH CITY DISTRICT ». Scientific Notes of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Biology. Chemistry 6(72), no 1 (2020) : 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2413-1725-2020-6-1-88-96.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The processes of depletion of zonal vegetation are closely related to the settlement of invasive species. Within the forest ecosystems of the urban district of Voronezh, 31 invasive species from 30 genera and 19 families were recorded. The method of ecological scales revealed the ecological-coenotic aspects of phytoinvasions. The sample involved geobotanical descriptions (grouped by formational feature) of native phytocenoses without an alien component in the flora and phytocenoses replacing them with the active participation of invasive species within the same research object. Infestations of these species are accompanied by the development of allogeneic successions, which are characterized by a decrease in the species diversity of communities and the role of native taxa in them. The processes of infestations are typical for the region and are observed in communities of floodplain forests and meadows, native and derived forests and sub-forests, broad-leaved and mixed forests, slope meadow and steppes. Plant invasions in the coniferous and deciduous forests of the district are characterized by the expansion of 3 species of woody (Acer negundo, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Robinia pseudoacacia), 5 species of shrub (Sambucus racemosa, Caragana arborescens Lam., Viburnum lantana, Amelanchier spicata, Parthenocissus quinquefolia) and 4 species of herbaceous plants (Bidens frondosa, Impatiens parviflora, Galinsoga parviflora, Solidago canadensis). Phytoindication of pine forests shows the transformation of all 10 environmental indicators for communities with invasive species. For broad-leaved forests, the introduction of biomorphologically close taxa to native species does not lead to a sharp transformation of the ecological parameters of forest biotopes. The introduction of alien species into alder forests leads to a change in the ecological parameters of their biotopes towards mesophilization. This speeds up the process of the emergence of new alien species from the number of mesophytic taxa and an increase in the role of already settled ones. From 2007 to 2017, the invasive flora of the alder forests of the Voronezh increased from one species to four. According to the degree of invasiveness, the ecosystems of the southern upland, southwest oak forest, northern upland oak forests and pine forests have average values of 6.4 %, 6.1 %, 5.1 %, 5.7 %, respectively. Alder forests are minimally invasive, the share of invasive species is 1.3 %, which does not exceed 5 % of the threshold. Minor changes cover indicators: climate thermal mode (TM), continental climate (KN), climate aridity / humidity (OM), cryoclimatic (CR), soil trophicity (TR), soil acidity (RC), moisture variability (FH). Communities with a high level of participation of invasive species are actively developing in ecotonic conditions: forest edges and alder areas of terraces. As a result of the settlement of alien species in the Alder forests, a decrease in the price activity of the following native species is observed: Impatiens noli-tangere, Humulus lupulus, Solanum dulcamara, Thelypteris palustris, Paris quadrifolia, Maianthemum bifolium. To warn of the possible expansion of Acer negundo, Parthenocissus quinquefolia and Galinsoga parviflora, a high water cut regime for alder forests is required. Under the conditions of global and climatic changes, this is a rather complicated task, requiring constant monitoring of the abiotic and biotic components of the forest, as well as the regulation of nature management regimes in the floodplains of small rivers. The implementation of ecological and cenotic strategies for invasive species in forest communities is accompanied by a restructuring of the ecology of biotopes, which is expressed in the transformation of the ecological parameters of pine forests, mesophilization of alder biotopes, increasing the moisture content and richness of oak forests, the emergence of new alien species and reducing the cenotic activity of some native taxa. The most significant changes are subject to parameters: soil moisture (HD), soil nitrogen richness (NT), illumination/shading (LC).
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Kvak, V. M., L. V. Potapenko, L. M. Skachok et N. I. Horbachenko. « Growing giant miscanthus in Polissya on radioactively contaminated soils ». Bioenergy, no 1 (22 avril 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.47414/be.1.2021.244159.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Purpose. Investigate the accumulation of 137Cs and 90Sr radionuclides in the biomass of giant miscanthus depending on the agronomic methods of growing it on radioactively contaminated soils in Polissia.
Method. Biomorphological, radiometric, lysometric, statistical, comparative and computational.
Results. The article presents the results of research to study the accumulation of radionuclides 137Cs and 90Sr in the biomass of giant miscanthus. It was found that in the variants where the bioenergy crop was grown on soils contaminated with radionuclides, the accumulation of 137Cs in the biomass in the range of 14.7–18.6 Bq/kg and 90Sr — 0.46–0.54 Bq/kg was observed. The use of mineral fertilizers together with liming and inoculation with giant miscanthus with the microbial preparation Polymyxobacterin and treatment with organo-mineral fertilizer BioMAG helped to reduce the accumulation of radionuclides in the biomass of giant miscanthus as following: 90Sr — by 15% and 137Cs by 21%. It was investigated that the use of these agronomic techniques contributed to the formation of dry biomass yield at the level of 9.96 t/ha on average over three years of cultivation, which is 28% higher than the control.
Conclusion. It is established that the use of mineral fertilization in combination with liming, inoculation of rhizomes of giant miscanthus with the microbial drug Polymyxobacterin and pre-planting treatment with organo-mineral fertilizer BioMAG contributes to a significant increase in dry biomass yield with reducing 90Sr and 137Cs. The accumulation of these radioactive isotopes in the biomass of giant miscanthus when grown on radionuclide-contaminated soils did not exceed the permissible level for cereal grains, and the use of agronomic techniques helped to reduce the content of 90Sr by 9–15% and 137Cs by 12–21% compared to control. The lowest coefficients of radionuclide conversion into biomass of giant miscanthus were obtained for both 90Sr (0.15) and 137Cs (0.24) for the use of mineral fertilizers together with liming and inoculation of giant mismanthus rizomes with Polymyxobacterin and treatment with BioMAG organo-mineral fertilizer.