Articles de revues : « Biodiversity level »

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Lindenmayer, David B. « Continental-level biodiversity collapse ». Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, n^o 15 (6 avril 2015) : 4514–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1502766112.

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Debusk, George H., W. H. Martin, S. G. Boyce et A. C. Echternacht. « A Community-Level View of Biodiversity ». Biodiversity Letters 1, n^o 5 (septembre 1993) : 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2999690.

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Husin, Norhayati Mat, Azrinawati Mohd Remali et Bakhtiar Alrazi. « Biodiversity Reporting Among Malaysian Companies : does the Risk Level Matter ? » International Journal of Engineering & ; Technology 7, n^o 4.35 (30 novembre 2018) : 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.35.22731.

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As Malaysia launched its National Key Economic Areas, biodiversity has been identified as one of the entry point projects for one of the sectors that will drive Malaysia towards high-income status i.e. tourism. Biodiversity, however, is facing a crisis, due to the development of business operation that has direct or indirect contribution to biodiversity loss. Despite the growing concern on biodiversity issue, previous studies have put more focus on general sustainability or environmental reporting issues. This paper aims to provide an analysis on the extent of biodiversity information disclosed by the top 100 Malaysian public listed companies and to see whether there is significant difference, in terms of reporting, between companies from different categories of biodiversity risk. The findings show 80 of the Malaysian companies disclose information regarding biodiversity with ‘mission statement’ being the highest reported biodiversity related item. There is also significant difference, in the context of biodiversity reporting, between companies from different categories of biodiversity risk. Further analysis shows companies with higher biodiversity risk (red-zone) provide more reports on biodiversity related information leading to a statistically significant difference from companies with lower biodiversity risk i.e. amber-zone and green-zone.

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Kiley, Heather M., Gillian B. Ainsworth et Michael A. Weston. « Modest levels of interpretability of the term ‘biodiversity’, mediated by educational level, among the Australian public ». Pacific Conservation Biology 25, n^o 2 (2019) : 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc18056.

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Effective worldwide efforts to conserve flora and fauna rely on engaging the public, and thus on public appreciation of the object of conservation activities (most commonly, ‘biodiversity’). We examined alignment of interpretation of the term ‘biodiversity’ with generally accepted definitions in a representative sample (n=499) of the public from the State of Victoria in Australia, a country with an explicit biodiversity conservation strategy (which defines the term) and the capacity to invest heavily in conservation. However, almost half of respondents did not know what ‘biodiversity’ meant, 32% and 18% expressed an ecological and conceptual interpretation, respectively. The probability of having at least some interpretation of the term was higher among university-educated respondents, but otherwise did not vary with sex or income. Broadening the base of conservation efforts would likely be facilitated by better aligning interpretations of the term ‘biodiversity’ among the public or by adopting more intuitive language when engaging with the public.

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Talwar, Neetika, et Jatinder Kishtwaria. « Preservation of Biodiversity-Efforts at Household Level ». Journal of Human Ecology 17, n^o 2 (février 2005) : 149–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09709274.2005.11905770.

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Legra, Leo, Xingong Li et A. Townsend Peterson. « Biodiversity consequences of sea level rise in New Guinea ». Pacific Conservation Biology 14, n^o 3 (2008) : 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc080191.

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Climate change poses a growing threat to biodiversity globally. Under changing conditions, affected species must either shift spatially to track changing conditions, adapt in terms of ecological tolerances, or become extinct. Currently, most climate change studies focus on direct climate effects on biodiversity and little attention is paid to the effects of sea level rise. We explore two scenarios of sea level rise (1 m and 6 m) and their implications for biodiversity across a major biodiversity hotspot, New Guinea. Marine intrusion at just 1 m of sea level rise is widespread, affecting large sectors of New Guinea. Protected areas (0?58.3% loss), ecoregions (0?90.0% loss) and endemic species (e.g., Pitohui incertus, 41?50% loss) across New Guinea would be affected by sea level rise within the projected range of likely occurrence.

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F. Recher, Harry. « National Biodiversity Council ». Pacific Conservation Biology 4, n^o 1 (1998) : 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc980003.

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The NBC continues to increase its level of activity. Since the last report in Pacific Conservation Biology, among other actions, the Council has commented on the Commonwealth Governments "Native Title" legislation the "10 Point Plan" and made submissions on the proposed changes to Commonwealth Environment Legislation. Pierre Horwitz made a submission on behalf of the Council concerning the Western Australian Regional Forest Agreement process. Each submission received a high level of media attention with national coverage on the ABC for the Council's views on native title and on proposed new biodiversity legislation.

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FERRIER, SIMON, et ANTOINE GUISAN. « Spatial modelling of biodiversity at the community level ». Journal of Applied Ecology 43, n^o 3 (juin 2006) : 393–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2006.01149.x.

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Kallimanis, Athanasios S., Antonios D. Mazaris, Dimitrios Tsakanikas, Panayotis Dimopoulos, John D. Pantis et Stefanos P. Sgardelis. « Efficient biodiversity monitoring : Which taxonomic level to study ? » Ecological Indicators 15, n^o 1 (avril 2012) : 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.09.024.

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Gotelli, Nicholas J., Hideyasu Shimadzu, Maria Dornelas, Brian McGill, Faye Moyes et Anne E. Magurran. « Community-level regulation of temporal trends in biodiversity ». Science Advances 3, n^o 7 (juillet 2017) : e1700315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1700315.

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Morreale, Stephen J., et Kristi L. Sullivan. « Community-level enhancements of biodiversity and ecosystem services ». Frontiers of Earth Science in China 4, n^o 1 (5 janvier 2010) : 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11707-010-0015-7.

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Millon, Lara, Kévin Barré, Romain Julliard, Pierre Compère et Christian Kerbiriou. « Calculation of biodiversity level between different land-uses to improve conservation outcomes of biodiversity offsetting ». Land Use Policy 101 (février 2021) : 105161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.105161.

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Botequim, Brigite, Miguel N. Bugalho, Ana Raquel Rodrigues, Susete Marques, Marco Marto et José G. Borges. « Combining Tree Species Composition and Understory Coverage Indicators with Optimization Techniques to Address Concerns with Landscape-Level Biodiversity ». Land 10, n^o 2 (28 janvier 2021) : 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10020126.

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Sustainable forest management needs to address biodiversity conservation concerns. For that purpose, forest managers need models and indicators that may help evaluate the impact of management options on biodiversity under the uncertainty of climate change scenarios. In this research we explore the potential for designing mosaics of stand-level forest management models to address biodiversity conservation objectives on a broader landscape-level. Our approach integrates (i) an effective stand-level biodiversity indicator that reflect tree species composition, stand age, and understory coverage under divergent climate conditions; and (ii) linear programming optimization techniques to guide forest actors in seeing optimal forest practices to safeguard future biodiversity. Emphasis is on the efficiency and effectiveness of an approach to help assess the impact of forest management planning on biodiversity under scenarios of climate change. Results from a resource capability model are discussed for an application to a large-scale problem encompassing 14,765 ha, extending over a 90-years planning horizon and considering two local-climate scenarios. They highlight the potential of the approach to help assess the impact of both stand and landscape-level forest management models on biodiversity conservation goals. They demonstrate further that the approach provides insights about how climate change, timber demand and wildfire resistance may impact plans that target the optimization of biodiversity values. The set of optimized long-term solutions emphasizes a multifunctional forest that guarantees a desirable local level of biodiversity and resilience to wildfires, while providing a balanced production of wood over time at the landscape scale.

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Ahli, Norziana, et Robiah Suratman. « THE IMPORTANCE OF CITY BIODIVERSITY INDEX (CBI) INDICATORS FOR MALAYSIA FUTURE BIODIVERSITY MANAGEMENT AT LOCAL LEVEL : A REVIEW ». Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Environment Management 7, n^o 27 (8 mars 2022) : 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/jthem.727004.

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Urban biodiversity conservation is typically practiced in densely populated areas or areas which experiencing rapid growth. The biodiversity population in urban areas has been severe affected because of urbanization. It is risky because uncontrolled urbanization will cause the extinction of urban species. The urban species richness require protection, and thus conservation will be successful if the government focuses on managing conservation properly. City Biodiversity Index (CBI) indicators will benefits in halting the loss of urban biodiversity and proving that it is a critical component in urban areas that require attention. The researcher highlights the critical components or indicators of CBI that lead to a better conservation of urban biodiversity in Malaysia.

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MASHKOVA, IRINA V., TATYANA G. KRUPNOVA, ANASTASIYA M. KOSTRYUKOVA, LAURA J. HARUTYUNOVA, HOVHANNISYAN S. VARUZHAN et NIKITA E. VLASOV. « Short Communication : Mollusks biodiversity of Lake Sevan, Armenia ». Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 19, n^o 4 (1 juillet 2018) : 1509–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190442.

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Mashkova IV, Krupnova TG, Kostryukova AM, Harutyunova LJ, Varuzhan HS, Egorov NO. 2018. Short Communication:Mollusks biodiversity of Lake Sevan, Armenia. Biodiversitas 19: 1509-1513. The paper considers mollusks biodiversity in the freshwaterlakes of Lake Sevan, Armenia. Lake Sevan is the largest water body in Armenia and one of the largest freshwater lakes in Eurasia. Since1930 it has been actively used for irrigating Ararat plain and in hydropower. So, its water level fell by 20 m, and its volume became40% less. Since mid-2000 when two tunnels had been built water level started to grow. For the last 6 years, water level was reported togrow. As a result of our study, 11 aquatic mollusks species (10 gastropod and 1 bivalve taxa) were currently found living in the Sevanlake. We found Lymnaea stagnalis (Linnaeus, 1758), Radix auricularia (Linnaeus, 1758), R. tumida (Held, 1836), R. balthica(Linnaeus, 1758), R. lagotis (Schrank, 1803), Galba truncatula (O. F. Müller, 1774), Planorbis planorbis (Linnaeus, 1758),Bathyomphalus contortus (Linnaeus,1758), Gyraulus acronicus (Férussac, 1807), Valvata piscinalis (O. F. Müller, 1774), Euglesacasertana (Poli,

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Wu, Jianyong, Hua Peng, Xuelong Jiang, Dayuan Xue, Fan Du, Lianxian Han, Zhuliang Yang et al. « An inventory of county-level biodiversity in Northwest Yunnan ». Biodiversity Science 24, n^o 12 (2016) : 1414–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17520/biods.2016154.

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ANGLE, J. SCOTT. « Release of transgenic plants : biodiversity and population-level considerations ». Molecular Ecology 3, n^o 1 (14 avril 2008) : 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294x.1994.tb00042.x.

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Roy, P. S., et Sanjay Tomar. « Biodiversity characterization at landscape level using geospatial modelling technique ». Biological Conservation 95, n^o 1 (août 2000) : 95–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3207(99)00151-2.

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Taberlet, Pierre. « Biodiversity at the intraspecific level : The comparative phylogeographic approach ». Journal of Biotechnology 64, n^o 1 (septembre 1998) : 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1656(98)00106-0.

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Guarino, Francesco, Stefano Castiglione, Giovanni Improta, Maria Triassi et Angela Cicatelli. « Ecotype-Level Genetic Biodiversity of Five Italian Traditional Crops ». Scientifica 2019 (1 juillet 2019) : 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4652769.

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Italy displays a high level of agrobiodiversity due to its diversified pedoclimatic zones. The Administrative Region of Campania includes several and divergent biomes, occurring close to each other. In fact, the distance between a sea level environment and that of high mountains can be less than 20 km. These environmental conditions allow the cultivation of many different crops and vegetables, represented by diverse ecotypes and varieties that are well adapted to the distribution range where they have been selected and grown. Efforts to maintain and further increase biodiversity in farming systems require a better understanding of the existing diversity created by traditional farming practices. The aim of our study was to identify and molecularly characterize several ecotypes belonging to five horticultural species commonly cultivated in Campania. In particular, we analysed five ecotypes of maize, two of garlic, four of onion, one of escarole, and two of courgette by means of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers in order to evaluate their level of genetic biodiversity. The results reveal, for the first time, the high genetic biodiversity of horticultural ecotypes of the Campania Region. This feature is very important to improve the quality and productivity of agroecosystems.

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MORIMOTO, Junko. « Biodiversity in Ecosystem Level : Challenges to Establish Evaluation Methods ». Journal of The Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture 67, n^o 2 (2003) : 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5632/jila.67.183.

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Phillips, Helen R. P., John M. Halley, J. Nicolas Urbina-Cardona et Andy Purvis. « The effect of fragment area on site-level biodiversity ». Ecography 41, n^o 7 (4 décembre 2017) : 1220–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ecog.02956.

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Garrod, G. D., et K. G. Willis. « Valuing biodiversity and nature conservation at a local level ». Biodiversity and Conservation 3, n^o 6 (août 1994) : 555–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00115161.

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Cummings, Jason, et Nick Reid. « Stand-level management of plantations to improve biodiversity values ». Biodiversity and Conservation 17, n^o 5 (16 avril 2008) : 1187–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-008-9362-z.

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Hassanah H, Andi Nur, Abdul Hamid et Hasnia Arami. « Biodiversitas ikan padang lamun di perairan Tanjung Tiram, Konawe Selatan, Sulawesi Tenggara ». Habitus Aquatica 1, n^o 2 (31 août 2020) : 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/haj.1.2.1.

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Research on fish biodiversit yof seagrass bed has been carried out in Indonesian waters, and the results vary between water locations. This study aims to determine the biodiversity of fish based on seagrass density in the day and night period. This research was conducted in the waters of Tanjung Tiram, South Konawe from February to March 2018. Fish sampling based on seagrass density in the day and night period using gillnets with mesh size of 0.75, 1.25 and 1.50 inch. Fish biodiversity found in this study consisted of 42 species from 24 families with an abundance of 1000 individuals. Fish biodiversity in densely seagrass beds was higher than low seagrass beds.Labridae family was the most doimnan fish during the daytime while at night is dominated by the family Plotosidae. The status of fish biodiversity based on seagrass density was categorized as moderate to high and stable diversity while based on the day-night period was classified as moderate diversity with unstable to stable conditions, and the level of dominance of both was low.

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Tomoiagă, Liliana Lucia, Ligia Ficiu, Gabriel Tabaranu, Cosmina Argatu, Gabi Zaldea et Diana Vizitiu. « Studies on Biodiversity Diagnosis of Vineyard Farms at the Agro-Ecological Infrastructure Level ». Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Horticulture 73, n^o 2 (30 novembre 2016) : 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-hort:12306.

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In Romania, the vine farms are currently spread on approximately 180.000 ha, therefore an important part of biodiversity, functional or planned is present. To avoid a biodiversity decline it is necessary for the vineyards to have a clear evidence of the state of their biodiversity.Based on the results obtained from the studied vineyards, during 2015, the agro-ecological infrastructure or AEI percent based on the actual area occupied varies between 7% and 35%. Evaluation of the implementation AEI during 2015 in wine-growing farms in Romania showed that the amount of semi-natural elements is not sufficient to stop the loss of biodiversity and their quality needs to be favored also.

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Mattsson, Eskil, Martin Erlandsson, Per Erik Karlsson et Hampus Holmström. « A Conceptual Landscape-Level Approach to Assess the Impacts of Forestry on Biodiversity ». Sustainability 14, n^o 7 (1 avril 2022) : 4214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14074214.

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In this study, we propose a conceptual approach to assessing biodiversity impacts in the life-cycle assessments (LCAs) of forest wood production with a focus on Nordic managed forests at the landscape level. As a basis for our methodology, we suggest assessing the proportion of the total land area of productive forest under the control of a forest owner that fulfils certain criteria that can be regarded as having a positive impact on the development of forest biodiversity. A similar assessment of the forest management performed on the surrounding land is used to define a site-specific reference situation. In the context of an attributional LCA, the suggested method for the specification of business-as-usual (BAU) or environmental quality objectives (EQO) baselines encourages forest owners to choose forest management options that increase the proportion of productive forest land with properties that are more favorable to biodiversity over time. We illustrate the BAU baseline approach with two examples in Sweden to calculate the biodiversity impact from wood production for individual forest owners using four biodiversity indicators from the Swedish national Environmental Quality Objectives (EQOS)—‘Living Forests’. The approach defined in this study is at this stage only applicable to forestry assessments. Using a BAU baseline approach similar to that used for international climate reporting is a simple but novel approach that makes use of consensuses that have already been drawn and approaches that have already been established.

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Trivedi, Shivam, Erach Bharucha et Rahul Mungikar. « Rapid assessment of sacred groves : a biodiversity assessment tool for ground level practitioners ». Journal of Threatened Taxa 10, n^o 2 (26 février 2018) : 11262. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.3412.10.2.11262-11270.

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Sacred groves in the Western Ghats are culturally preserved patches of forests that are rich in diversity owing to protection by several generations of local people, providing excellent examples of community based conservation. Sacred groves harbour local populations, preserve genetic resources and serve as reference sites and corridors between protected areas. They are considered to be cornerstones of biodiversity conservation, but are insufficient in scale and number to significantly address many aspects of the management of landscapes and biodiversity. We studied 13 sacred groves in Pune District that are at present outside the protected areas of the northern Western Ghats, where we employed a simple and rapid biodiversity assessment technique that can be replicated by frontline foresters, local residents and Biodiversity Management Committees (BMCs). Integrating these sacred sites into the conservation network through local support can improve the efficiency for the existing protected area network in this ecologically fragile region.

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Zhang, Yutong, Wei Zhou et Danxue Luo. « The Relationship Research between Biodiversity Conservation and Economic Growth : From Multi-Level Attempts to Key Development ». Sustainability 15, n^o 4 (8 février 2023) : 3107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15043107.

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The relationship between biodiversity and economic growth is a topic that still needs to be considered in a volatile global environment. Therefore, a bibliometric analysis of this topic can help scholars understand the current state of research and topical issues. Based on CiteSpace and Pajek, this paper fully does this study from the perspectives of authors, journals, countries, keywords, regions, and path analysis. Through this research, we find that: (1) the number of publications and citations in the literature about biodiversity and economic growth research have increased significantly; (2) scholars oppose unrestricted economic growth and advocate for the protection of the environment and biodiversity. Ecological environment protection and economic development are win-win relationships. (3) The keyword analysis revealed that a current research hotspot is the question of how to develop the economy while preserving ecological diversity. (4) Developed countries or regions are pioneers in studying the relationship between biodiversity and economic growth, and they have progressively led and driven the development of research in this field. The main purpose of this study is to provide guidance to researchers, and those interested in biodiversity and economic growth.

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Andison, David W., et Peter L. Marshall. « Simulating the impact of landscape-level biodiversity guidelines : A case study ». Forestry Chronicle 75, n^o 4 (1 août 1999) : 655–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc75655-4.

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British Columbia, along with most of the rest of North America, is becoming preoccupied with emulating natural landscape patterns under the auspices of ecosystem management. With their Biodiversity Guidebook, BC developed one of the first collections of rules for landscape management purposes. The landscape-level rules developed therein are representative of those being developed in other areas of North America. This research compared, in simulation, a range of patterns created by these guidelines for a landscape in central BC, against those created from the historical 60 hectare two-pass system, and a "natural" disturbance regime. Results indicate that the biodiversity guidelines created more natural levels of patch sizes, interior forest area, and seral stage percentages compared to the two-pass system. However, the guidelines failed to create more natural rates of disturbance, or ranges of patch sizes and interior areas in old and mature forest. Furthermore, the implied degree of naturalness of the low, medium, and high biodiversity options did not necessarily hold true. The simulation results presented in this paper show that the concept of mimicry involves much more than originally had been supposed, and that there are limits to the degree to which mimicry can be used as a landscape management paradigm with our current knowledge and ability. A strategy for working towards a natural landscape pattern program for forest management is discussed. Key words: landscape level, biodiversity, simulation, disturbance

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Barnes, Annaêl, Alexandre Ickowicz, Jean-Daniel Cesaro, Paulo Salgado, Véronique Rayot, Sholpan Koldasbekova et Simon Taugourdeau. « Improving Biodiversity Offset Schemes through the Identification of Ecosystem Services at a Landscape Level ». Land 12, n^o 1 (8 janvier 2023) : 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12010202.

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Biodiversity offsets aim to compensate the negative residual impacts of development projects on biodiversity, including ecosystem functions, uses by people and cultural values. Conceptually, ecosystem services (ES) should be considered, but in practice this integration rarely occurs. Their consideration would improve the societal impact of biodiversity offsets. However, the prioritisation of ES in a given area is still limited. We developed a framework for this purpose, applied in rangelands landscapes in Kazakhstan, in the context of uranium mining. We assumed that different landscapes provide different ES, and that stakeholders perceive ES according to their category (e.g., elders and herders) and gender. We performed qualitative, semi-structured interviews with a range of stakeholders. Using the Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services, we identified 300 ES in 31 classes across 8 landscape units. We produced a systemic representation of the provision of ES across the landscapes. We showed a significant link between ES and landscape units, but not between ES and stakeholder categories or gender. Stakeholders mostly identified ES according to the location of their villages. Therefore, we suggest that the biodiversity offsets should target ES provided by the landscape unit where mining activities occur and would be most interesting in the landscapes common to all villages. By performing a systemic representation, potential impacts of some offset strategies can be predicted. The framework was therefore effective in determining a bundle of ES at a landscape scale, and in prioritising them for future biodiversity offset plans.

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Amori, Giovanni, et Spartaco Gippoliti. « Identifing priority ecoregions for rodent conservation at the genus level ». Oryx 35, n^o 2 (avril 2001) : 158–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3008.2001.00164.x.

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AbstractRodents account for 40 per cent of living mammal species. Nevertheless, despite an increased interest in biodiversity conservation and their high species richness, Rodentia are often neglected by conservationists. We attempt for the first time a world-wide evaluation of rodent conservation priorities at the genus level. Given the low popularity of the order, we considered it desirable to discuss identified priorities within the framework of established biodiversity priority areas of the world. Two families and 62 genera are recognized as threatened. Our analyses highlight the Philippines, New Guinea, Sulawesi, the Caribbean, China temperate forests and the Atlantic Forest of south-eastern Brazil as the most important (for their high number of genera) ‘threat-spots’ for rodent conservation. A few regions, mainly drylands, are singled out as important areas for rodent conservation but are not generally recognized in global biodiversity assessments. These are the remaining forests of Togo, extreme ‘western Sahel’, the Turanian and Mongolian-Manchurian steppes and the desert of the Horn of Africa. Resources for conservation must be allocated first to recognized threat spots and to those restricted-range genera which may depend on species-specific strategies for their survival.

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de Sadeleer, Nicolas. « EC Law and Biodiversity ». Journal for European Environmental & ; Planning Law 4, n^o 3 (2007) : 168–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187601007x00181.

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AbstractThe term biodiversity itself was not coined until the 198os, when it was popularised by the eminent Harvard biologist Wilson. Biodiversity entails at the macro level ecosystemic diversity (ecosystems and landscapes), specific diversity (the species of plants, animals and micro-organisms that surround us) and at the micro level it includes genetic diversity. Although less marked than on other continents, Europe's systemic diversity displays a number of particular characteristics. However, Europeans should seriously fear for the future of their wildlife. Indeed, many wild fauna and flora species today are passing through a period of major crisis. As most natural or semi-natural, continental and coastal ecosystems are now undergoing significant modifications as a result of human activity (fiagmentation, isolation, intensification, ... ), animal and plant species are suffering an unprecedented rate of extinction. To make matters worse, this negative trend is compounded by an array of additional threats (poaching, excessive hunting, disturbance inflicted by tourism, collision of birds with power-lines). Last, on a more global scale, global warming and the depletion of the ozone layer risk precipitating much more profound changes to the distribution, structure and functions of European ecosystems. Given that this issue has been identified as a pressing concern by the EC institutions, the aim of the present article is to highlight the different strategies, plans and programs as well as the main directives and regulations that were enacted with the aim of conserving biodiversity.

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Jiren, Tolera Senbeto, Julia Leventon, Nicolas W. Jager, Ine Dorresteijn, Jannik Schultner, Feyera Senbeta, Arvid Bergsten et Joern Fischer. « Governance Challenges at the Interface of Food Security and Biodiversity Conservation : A Multi-Level Case Study from Ethiopia ». Environmental Management 67, n^o 4 (16 février 2021) : 717–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-021-01432-7.

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AbstractEnsuring food security while also protecting biodiversity requires a governance system that can address intra- and intersectoral complexity. In this paper, we sought to explore the governance challenges surrounding food security and biodiversity conservation through an empirical study in Jimma zone, southwestern Ethiopia. We used bottom-up snowball sampling to identify stakeholders and then held semi-structured interviews with 177 stakeholders across multiple levels of governance. We also conducted 24 focus group discussions with local people. Data were transcribed and thematically analyzed for its contents. Challenges in the structure of institutions and policy incoherence were the key challenges identified for the governance of food security and biodiversity conservation. The challenges around institutional structure included incompatibilities of the nature of governing institutions with the complexity inherent within and between the two sectors examined. Incoherences in policy goals, instruments, and contradictions of policy output relative to the actual problems of food security and biodiversity further hampered effective governance of food security and biodiversity conservation. Notably, many of the challenges that influenced an individual sector also posed a challenge for the integrated governance of food security and biodiversity conservation, often in a more pronounced way. Based on our findings, we argue that governance in our case study area requires a more integrated and collaborative approach that pays attention to institutional interplay in order to ensure institutional fit and consistency across policy goals.

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Rodríguez, Jon Paul. « Reverse the Red : achieving global biodiversity targets at national level ». Oryx 55, n^o 1 (janvier 2021) : 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605320001337.

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Benvenuti, Stefano, et Marco Mazzoncini. « Entomogamy in wildflowers : What level of pollinator biodiversity is required ? » Acta Oecologica 111 (août 2021) : 103737. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actao.2021.103737.

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BALČIAUSKAS, Linas, Julius AUGLYS, Laima BALČIAUSKIENĖ, Jadvyga BALVOČIŪTĖ, Eduardas BUDRYS, Rimvydas JUŠKAITIS, Almantas KULBIS et al. « BIODIVERSITY EVALUATION AT THE LOCAL LEVEL : METHODOLOGICAL AND TERRITORIAL ASPECTS ». Acta Zoologica Lituanica 7, n^o 1 (janvier 1997) : 50–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13921657.1997.10541425.

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Horning, Nadia Rabesahala. « Madagascar's biodiversity conservation challenge : from local- to national-level dynamics ». Environmental Sciences 5, n^o 2 (20 mai 2008) : 109–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15693430801912246.

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Palliwoda, Julia, Ingo Kowarik et Moritz von der Lippe. « Human-biodiversity interactions in urban parks : The species level matters ». Landscape and Urban Planning 157 (janvier 2017) : 394–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2016.09.003.

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Lee, Jung-Hwan, Min-Ju Lee et Gwan-Gyu Lee. « National level assessment of Biodiversity importance — Focusing on South Korea ». KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 19, n^o 1 (30 août 2014) : 46–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12205-013-0678-1.

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O'Connor, Mary I., Andrew Gonzalez, Jarrett E. K. Byrnes, Bradley J. Cardinale, J. Emmett Duffy, Lars Gamfeldt, John N. Griffin et al. « A general biodiversity-function relationship is mediated by trophic level ». Oikos 126, n^o 1 (22 août 2016) : 18–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/oik.03652.

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Faith, Daniel P. « Environmental diversity (ED) as surrogate information for species-level biodiversity ». Ecography 26, n^o 3 (juin 2003) : 374–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0587.2003.03300.x.

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Gottschalk, Thomas K., Tim Diekötter, Klemens Ekschmitt, Bernd Weinmann, Friedrich Kuhlmann, Tobias Purtauf, Jens Dauber et Volkmar Wolters. « Impact of agricultural subsidies on biodiversity at the landscape level ». Landscape Ecology 22, n^o 5 (19 janvier 2007) : 643–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-006-9060-8.

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Karunarathna, Muditha, et Clevo Wilson. « Agricultural biodiversity and farm level technical efficiency : An empirical investigation ». Journal of Forest Economics 29 (décembre 2017) : 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfe.2017.08.002.

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Vasiliev, Denis. « The Role of Biodiversity in Ecosystem Resilience ». IOP Conference Series : Earth and Environmental Science 1072, n^o 1 (1 septembre 2022) : 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1072/1/012012.

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Abstract In the context of global environmental change ecosystem resilience becomes critical for long term survival of species and consistent delivery of ecosystem services. Concerns however exist on whether managing ecosystems for resilience would actually support biodiversity conservation. Current focus of empirical studies on species richness as the main measure of biodiversity may result in underestimation of the link between biodiversity and ecosystem resilience. A closer look at different levels of biodiversity, namely interspecific, intraspecific and ecosystem diversity allow better understanding of how biodiversity underpins resilience. Thus, a holistic approach to biodiversity research and management is needed to maintain ecosystem resilience in the context of global environmental change. All three level of biodiversity need to be considered. Landscape Approach is likely to be the most effective strategy in conservation, because preserving biodiversity at a landscape level is likely to simultaneously ensure metapopulation genetic diversity, secure high functional redundancy and response diversity, and preserve ecological memory, which ultimately ensure ecosystem resilience and consistent flow of ecosystem services.

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Binder, Seth, Forest Isbell, Stephen Polasky, Jane A. Catford et David Tilman. « Grassland biodiversity can pay ». Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, n^o 15 (26 mars 2018) : 3876–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1712874115.

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The biodiversity–ecosystem functioning (BEF) literature provides strong evidence of the biophysical basis for the potential profitability of greater diversity but does not address questions of optimal management. BEF studies typically focus on the ecosystem outputs produced by randomly assembled communities that only differ in their biodiversity levels, measured by indices such as species richness. Landholders, however, do not randomly select species to plant; they choose particular species that collectively maximize profits. As such, their interest is not in comparing the average performance of randomly assembled communities at each level of biodiversity but rather comparing the best-performing communities at each diversity level. Assessing the best-performing mixture requires detailed accounting of species’ identities and relative abundances. It also requires accounting for the financial cost of individual species’ seeds, and the economic value of changes in the quality, quantity, and variability of the species’ collective output—something that existing multifunctionality indices fail to do. This study presents an assessment approach that integrates the relevant factors into a single, coherent framework. It uses ecological production functions to inform an economic model consistent with the utility-maximizing decisions of a potentially risk-averse private landowner. We demonstrate the salience and applicability of the framework using data from an experimental grassland to estimate production relationships for hay and carbon storage. For that case, our results suggest that even a risk-neutral, profit-maximizing landowner would favor a highly diverse mix of species, with optimal species richness falling between the low levels currently found in commercial grasslands and the high levels found in natural grasslands.

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Vázquez-Elorza, Ariel. « Regional Wealth with Biodiversity and Socioeconomic Marginality ». Scientia et Praxis 1, n^o 01 (2021) : 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.55965/setp.1.01.a2.

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Purpose. Mexico is a country with a richness in biodiversity and a high level of Natural Capital throughout the territory; however, the highest concentration is distributed in regions where a population with high levels of marginalization and socioeconomic poverty lives. Methodology. The characteristics of genetic resources and their sustainable use in conservation require the establishment of cross-cutting strategies in the design and implementation of comprehensive public policies focused on society and the diversity of territories and social needs. Findings and originality.This reality highlights the relevance of identifying the main elements that characterize the Natural Capital in the environments, mainly in the South Pacific region due to its social and cultural importance. The originality of this document is the analysis of the socioeconomic and marginalization conditions of the population with the most incredible wealth in biodiversity and establish strategies that facilitate the conservation of genetic resources in tune with sustainable social and economic growth in the medium and long term.

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Magurran, Anne E., Amy E. Deacon, Faye Moyes, Hideyasu Shimadzu, Maria Dornelas, Dawn A. T. Phillip et Indar W. Ramnarine. « Divergent biodiversity change within ecosystems ». Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, n^o 8 (12 février 2018) : 1843–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1712594115.

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The Earth’s ecosystems are under unprecedented pressure, yet the nature of contemporary biodiversity change is not well understood. Growing evidence that community size is regulated highlights the need for improved understanding of community dynamics. As stability in community size could be underpinned by marked temporal turnover, a key question is the extent to which changes in both biodiversity dimensions (temporal α- and temporal β-diversity) covary within and among the assemblages that comprise natural communities. Here, we draw on a multiassemblage dataset (encompassing vertebrates, invertebrates, and unicellular plants) from a tropical freshwater ecosystem and employ a cyclic shift randomization to assess whether any directional change in temporal α-diversity and temporal β-diversity exceeds baseline levels. In the majority of cases, α-diversity remains stable over the 5-y time frame of our analysis, with little evidence for systematic change at the community level. In contrast, temporal β-diversity changes are more prevalent, and the two diversity dimensions are decoupled at both the within- and among-assemblage level. Consequently, a pressing research challenge is to establish how turnover supports regulation and when elevated temporal β-diversity jeopardizes community integrity.

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Thompson, Fabiano L., Tetsuya Iida et Jean Swings. « Biodiversity of Vibrios ». Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 68, n^o 3 (1 septembre 2004) : 403–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.68.3.403-431.2004.

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SUMMARY Vibrios are ubiquitous and abundant in the aquatic environment. A high abundance of vibrios is also detected in tissues and/or organs of various marine algae and animals, e.g., abalones, bivalves, corals, fish, shrimp, sponges, squid, and zooplankton. Vibrios harbour a wealth of diverse genomes as revealed by different genomic techniques including amplified fragment length polymorphism, multilocus sequence typing, repetetive extragenic palindrome PCR, ribotyping, and whole-genome sequencing. The 74 species of this group are distributed among four different families, i.e., Enterovibrionaceae, Photobacteriaceae, Salinivibrionaceae, and Vibrionaceae. Two new genera, i.e., Enterovibrio norvegicus and Grimontia hollisae, and 20 novel species, i.e., Enterovibrio coralii, Photobacterium eurosenbergii, V. brasiliensis, V. chagasii, V. coralliillyticus, V. crassostreae, V. fortis, V. gallicus, V. hepatarius, V. hispanicus, V. kanaloaei, V. neonatus, V. neptunius, V. pomeroyi, V. pacinii, V. rotiferianus, V. superstes, V. tasmaniensis, V. ezurae, and V. xuii, have been described in the last few years. Comparative genome analyses have already revealed a variety of genomic events, including mutations, chromosomal rearrangements, loss of genes by decay or deletion, and gene acquisitions through duplication or horizontal transfer (e.g., in the acquisition of bacteriophages, pathogenicity islands, and super-integrons), that are probably important driving forces in the evolution and speciation of vibrios. Whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomics through the application of, e.g., microarrays will facilitate the investigation of the gene repertoire at the species level. Based on such new genomic information, the taxonomy and the species concept for vibrios will be reviewed in the next years.

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Murgado-Armenteros, Eva M., María Gutierrez-Salcedo et Francisco José Torres-Ruiz. « The Concern about Biodiversity as a Criterion for the Classification of the Sustainable Consumer : A Cross-Cultural Approach ». Sustainability 12, n^o 8 (24 avril 2020) : 3472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12083472.

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One of the variables assessed in the research related to the consumption of green products is environmental concern. This work explores a new dimension to environmental concern: biodiversity. The reasons why research has focused on the mentioned dimension are, on one hand, the consideration of biodiversity as the main environmental indicator of the sustainability and, on the other, the paucity of marketing studies analyzing this variable and its relationship with the purchase behavior of sustainable products. The present paper proposes a classification of sustainable consumers according to their level of biodiversity concern. It is based on a quantitative study on the consumption behavior of olive oils carried out in four European countries, using the clustering multivariate technique. The results point out that there are differences between the segments depending on their level of commitment to biodiversity. The country’s influence on the way that its people experience biodiversity was also tackled. As a main conclusion, we identify four clusters or segments (not concerned, passive, active and influencers), setting up a multilevel structure of ascending intensity with regard to their level of biodiversity concern, with differences in the composition according to age and sex between countries.

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