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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Bio-cleaning"
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Liu, Kesong, et Lei Jiang. « Bio-Inspired Self-Cleaning Surfaces ». Annual Review of Materials Research 42, no 1 (4 août 2012) : 231–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-matsci-070511-155046.
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Schulze, Agnes, Daniel Breite, Yongkyum Kim, Martin Schmidt, Isabell Thomas, Marco Went, Kristina Fischer et Andrea Prager. « Bio-Inspired Polymer Membrane Surface Cleaning ». Polymers 9, no 12 (9 mars 2017) : 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym9030097.
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Wasser, Lionel, Sara Dalle Vacche, Feyza Karasu, Luca Müller, Micaela Castellino, Alessandra Vitale, Roberta Bongiovanni et Yves Leterrier. « Bio-Inspired Fluorine-Free Self-Cleaning Polymer Coatings ». Coatings 8, no 12 (28 novembre 2018) : 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings8120436.
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Bio-inspired fluorine-free and self-cleaning polymer coatings were developed using a combination of self-assembly and UV-printing processes. Nasturtium and lotus leaves were selected as natural template surfaces. A UV-curable acrylate oligomer and three acrylated siloxane comonomers with different molecular weights were used. The spontaneous migration of the comonomers towards the polymer–air interface was found to be faster for comonomers with higher molecular weight, and enabled to create hydrophobic surfaces with a water contact angle (WCA) of 105°. The replication fidelity was limited for the nasturtium surface, due to a lack of replication of the sub-micron features. It was accurate for the lotus leaf surface whose hierarchical texture, comprising micropapillae and sub-micron crystalloids, was well reproduced in the acrylate/comonomer material. The WCA of synthetic replica of lotus increased from 144° to 152° with increasing creep time under pressure to 5 min prior to polymerization. In spite of a water sliding angle above 10°, the synthetic lotus surface was self-cleaning with water droplets when contaminated with hydrophobic pepper particles, provided that the droplets had some kinetic energy.
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Beyer, Florian, Judita Laurinonyte, Arie Zwijnenburg, Alfons J. M. Stams et Caroline M. Plugge. « Membrane Fouling and Chemical Cleaning in Three Full-Scale Reverse Osmosis Plants Producing Demineralized Water ». Journal of Engineering 2017 (2017) : 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6356751.
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Membrane fouling and cleaning were studied in three reverse osmosis (RO) plants. Feed water was secondary wastewater effluent, river water, and surface water. Membrane autopsies were used for fouling characterization. Fouling layer measurements included total organic carbon (TOC), adenosine triphosphate, polysaccharides, proteins, and heterotrophic plate counts. In all locations, membrane and spacer fouling was (bio)organic. Plant chemical cleaning efficiencies were evaluated from full-scale operational data and cleaning trials in a laboratory setup. Standard cleaning procedures were compared to two cleaning procedures specifically adapted to treat (bio)organic fouling using commercial blend cleaners (mixtures of active substances). The three RO plants were impacted by irreversible foulants causing permanently decreased performance in normalized pressure drop and water permeability even after thorough chemical cleaning. The standard plant and adapted cleaning procedures reduced the TOC by 45% on average, with a maximum of ~80%. In general, around 20% higher biomass removal could be achieved with adapted procedure I compared to adapted procedure II. TOC measurements and SEM showed that none of cleaning procedures applied could remove foulants completely from the membrane elements. This study underlines the need for novel cleaning approaches targeting resistant foulants, as none of the procedures applied resulted in highly effective membrane regeneration.
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Nasri, Noor Shawal, Murtala Musa Ahmed, Amalina Nurhidayah Shamsu Kamar, Tee Yee Sing, Usman Dadum Hamza, Jibril Mohammed et Husna Mohd Zain. « Hydrophobic-Synthesis of Bio-Based Epoxy Substrate Using Methyl Ester and its Dust Deposition and Decontamination Effects ». Advanced Materials Research 1043 (octobre 2014) : 76–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1043.76.
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This research investigated the prospect of using bio-based substrates for dust decontamination purposes. Initially, bio-based novolac resin was prepared by condensation from the reaction between phenol, bio-oil phenolic fractions and formaldehyde in an acidic medium. The prepared novolac was later transformed to epoxide with epichlorohydrine and 30 percent sodium hydroxide solution. The epoxy formulation was later enhanced with varying amount of methyl ester (10 wt%, 20wt% and 30wt% ). The samples were characterised using various techniques such as FTIR, GC-MS, contact angle etc. Dust depositions and decontaminations tests were also conducted. The results indicated that the synthesized hydrophobic bio-based sample possed some dust cleaning characteristics which when fully enhanced would lead to the emergence of bio-based dust cleaning formulation will contribute immensely in mitigating the negative effect and toxicity of petroleum based products.
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Sun, Di, et Karl Böhringer. « Self-Cleaning : From Bio-Inspired Surface Modification to MEMS/Microfluidics System Integration ». Micromachines 10, no 2 (30 janvier 2019) : 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10020101.
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This review focuses on self-cleaning surfaces, from passive bio-inspired surface modification including superhydrophobic, superomniphobic, and superhydrophilic surfaces, to active micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) and digital microfluidic systems. We describe models and designs for nature-inspired self-cleaning schemes as well as novel engineering approaches, and we discuss examples of how MEMS/microfluidic systems integrate with functional surfaces to dislodge dust or undesired liquid residues. Meanwhile, we also examine “waterless” surface cleaning systems including electrodynamic screens and gecko seta-inspired tapes. The paper summarizes the state of the art in self-cleaning surfaces, introduces available cleaning mechanisms, describes established fabrication processes and provides practical application examples.
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Mikheyev, O. M., O. V. Lapan et S. M. Madzhd. « БІОЛОГІЧНЕ ОЧИЩЕННЯ ВОДНИХ ОБ’ЄКТІВ ВІД 137Cs ». Scientific Issue Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University. Series : Biology 75, no 1 (23 juin 2019) : 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2078-2357.19.1.8.
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A mobile bio plateau design has been developed for water’s bodies purification from radionuclides. To construct bio plateau chemically inert floating material was used as the substrate granular foam on top of which the seeds of higher terrestrial plants were placed. Constructed bio plateau on the 9th day of incubation were placed into tanks with a solution of 137Cs to study the cleaning efficiency of terrestrial plants to the aquatic environment. Once a day, the solution of 137Cs was poured into Marinelli's vessel to determine the specific activity of the radionuclide using a gamma spectrometer. A comparative study of the cleaning efficiency of terrestrial plants of the aquatic environment on the example of 137Cs ions has been carried out. The results of mathematical modeling of the dynamics of accumulation of radioactive cesium in the “experimental reservoir – bio plateau” system was presented.
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Greenberg, Charles B., et Cory Steffek. « Bio-adhesion to thin films in relation to cleaning ». Thin Solid Films 484, no 1-2 (juillet 2005) : 324–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2005.03.008.
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Wang, Zheng, Shu Yao, Kun Song, Xinjian Gong, Sujuan Zhang, Sheng Gao et Zaijun Lu. « A bio-based benzoxazine surfactant from amino acids ». Green Chemistry 22, no 11 (2020) : 3481–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0gc00218f.
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Lee, Kyung Mi, Byong Hyoek Lee et Chan Jung Park. « A Study on the Control of Bio-Aerosol for Prevention of Indoor Aerial Infection Using Antimicrobial Air Filter ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 284-287 (janvier 2013) : 1601–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.284-287.1601.
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Some indoor bio-aerosols trigger allergic reactions, including hypersensitivity pneumonitis, allergic rhinitis, and various types of asthma. Moreover, human influenza virus is one of the bio-aerosols that causes significant morbidity and mortality every year worldwide. Although vaccination is the most effective way to address the risk of airborne infection, they are not always feasible, available and practiced. An air cleaning device is effective and efficient in removing indoor bio-aerosols and thereby controlling or eliminating these airborne biological contaminants. An antimicrobial filter is developed and its antimicrobial activities against influenza viruses are measured. An extract from Gingko Biloba L. and Sumac (Rhus Javanica L.) possesses antifungal, antibacterial, and antiviral activities thus this class of natural products is used as an antimicrobial agent in this study. An antimicrobial air filters were prepared by coating the natural agent on polypropylene filter media. The antimicrobial rates of the filter against new influenza (H1N1) virus and A/PuertoRico/8/34 (A/PR/8) virus were greater than 99.9999%. The antimicrobial filters were effective in controlling the bio-aerosols by inhibiting bacterial and viral survival on the filter, thereby preventing secondary contamination of filter from breeding of bio-aerosols. An air cleaning device equipped with the antimicrobial air filter was tested for the inhibition effect on viruses and no virus was detected at the outlet of the purifier. Although the antimicrobial filters are developed and tested only for the inactivation of virus in this study, the filter could be also effective in removing other types of bio-aerosols, such as bacteria, fungi, and allergens. The antimicrobial filter appears to be promising application in air cleaning and biological protection fields.
Thèses sur le sujet "Bio-cleaning"
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Li, Sirui. « Atmospheric non-thermal plasma discharges for cleaning and bio-decontamination ». Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2016. http://digitool.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27572.
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It has been shown that non-thermal plasma has great potential for chemical oxidation and bacterial inactivation. However, the mechanism of plasma-induced oxidation and bactericidal effects is not fully understood, and optimisation of the non-thermal plasma treatment is required to improve the efficiency of this technology. This research presents an investigation into the oxidation and bio-decontamination capabilities of steady-state corona discharges and impulsive transient plasma discharges in atmospheric air. Degree of decolorisation of blue dye by plasma discharges was obtained and used for evaluation of the oxidation efficiency of these discharges. The Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, respectively, were used for investigation of the bio-decontamination capability of the plasma discharges. It has been shown that conditions such as air humidity, electrode topology, and voltage levels may affect the efficiency of plasma treatment. The obtained results show that the oxidation and inactivation effects depend on the amount of charge delivered by the plasma. The charge-dependent decolorisation and inactivation rates of plasma discharge treatment, which indicate the oxidation efficiency and inactivation efficiency, were obtained and analysed. Different decolorisation and inactivation rates were achieved with various electrode topologies and energisation polarities. This study also investigated the production of reactive species by atmospheric plasma discharges. Ozone concentration was measured during the decolorisation and inactivation tests. The production of OH radicals by the plasma discharges have also been obtained in this study using terephthalic acid as the chemical probe. The obtained results confirm that the reactive oxygen species play a major role in the plasma discharge treatment. In addition, an attempt of using TiO2 as a catalyst to enhance oxidation and bio-decontamination effects of the plasma discharge treatment has been made. TiO2 was revealed to have the potential to improve the oxidation efficiency of atmospheric plasma discharges. The results obtained and presented in this thesis will help in optimisation of non-thermal plasma systems for chemical and biological decontamination.
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Wan, Yiyang. « Bio-Inspired Material Surfaces with Self-cleaning, Micromanipulation and Water Collection ». Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1505257/.
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Geckos are famous for the skill of switchable adhesion that they use to stick on various surface while keep their fingers super clean. In the dissertation, a unique mechanism was discovered to explain gecko self-cleaning phenomena. Using atomic force microscopy (AFM), we managed to compare the microparticle-substrate adhesion and the microparticle-seta adhesion with a single seta bonded to the AFM cantilever. A dynamic effect was approved that high pulling-off speed could increase the microparticle-substrate adhesion and thus the self-cleaning appears at high moving speed. Based on the self-cleaning theory, a gecko-inspired N-doped graphene surface with switchable adhesion was achieved, which was designed into a bio-inspired micromanipulator with a success rate over 90%. When electrical bias was applied on this biomimetic surface, the charge concentration induced an electrical double layer (ELD) on the convex surfaces, which attracts polar water molecules to form a water bridge on it, significantly enhancing the adhesion on the wrinkled graphene surface, mimicking the capillary force on beetle feet. Therefore, the bio-inspired adhesive surface can be controlled with speed, electrical bias, humidity and different material surfaces. The water attraction phenomenon on the polarized surface was further tested for the potential application of water collection and evaporation in microsystems.
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Abusomwan, Uyiosa Anthony. « Mechanics of Adhesion and Contact Self-Cleaning of Bio-Inspired Microfiber Adhesives ». Research Showcase @ CMU, 2014. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/449.
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The remarkable attachment system of geckos has inspired the development of dry microfiber adhesives through the last two decades. Some of the notable characteristics of gecko-inspired fibrillar adhesives include: strong, directional, and controllable adhesion to smooth and rough surfaces in air, vacuum, and under water; ability to maintain strong adhesion during repeated use; anti-fouling and self-cleaning after contamination. Given these outstanding qualities, fibrillar adhesives promise an extensive range of use in industrial, robotic, manufacturing, medical, and consumer products. Significant advancements have been made in the design of geckoinspired microfiber adhesives with the characteristic properties listed above, with the exception of the anti-fouling and self-cleaning features. The self-cleaning mechanism of the gecko’s adhesion system plays an important role to its ability to remain sticky in various environments. Similarly, enabling self-cleaning capability for synthetic microfiber adhesives will lead to robust performance in various areas of application. Presently, the practical use of fibrillar adhesives is restricted mainly to clean environments, where they are free from contaminants. The goal of this thesis is to conduct a detailed study of the mechanisms and mechanics of contact-based self-cleaning of gecko-inspired microfiber adhesives. This work focuses on contact self-cleaning mechanisms, as a more practical approach to cleaning. Previous studies on the cleaning of microfiber adhesives have mostly focused on mechanisms that involve complete removal of the contaminants from the adhesive. In this thesis, a second cleaning process is proposed whereby particles are removed from the tip of the microfibers and embedded between adjacent microfibers or in grooves patterned onto the adhesive, where they are no longer detrimental to the performance of the adhesive. In this work, a model of adhesion for microfiber adhesives that take the deformation of the backing layer under individual microfiber is developed. The dependence of adhesion of microfiber adhesives on the rate of unloading is also modeled and verified using experiments. The models of adhesion presented are later used to study the mechanics of contact self-cleaning of microfiber adhesives. Three major categories of self-cleaning are identified as wet self-cleaning, dynamic self-cleaning, and contact self-cleaning. A total of seven self-cleaning mechanisms that are associated with these categories are also presented and discussed. Results from the self-cleaning model and experiments show that shear loading plays an important role in self-cleaning. The underlying mechanism of contact self-cleaning due to normal and shear loading for spherical contaminants is found to be the particle rolling between the adhesive and a contacted substrate. Results from the model and experiments also show that small microfiber tips (much less than the size of the contaminants) are favorable for self-cleaning. On the other hand, large microfiber tips (much larger than the size of the contaminants) are favorable for anti-fouling of the microfiber adhesive. Results from this work suggests that the sub-micrometer size of the gecko’s adhesive fibers and the lamellae under the gecko toes contribute to its outstanding self-cleaning performance. The results presented in this thesis can be implemented in the design of microfiber adhesives with robust adhesion, self-cleaning and anti-fouling characteristic, for use in numerous applications and in various environments.
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Bakharieva, Ganna, Serhii Petrov et Tetiana Falalieieva. « Development of the mathematical model of the kinetics of the stationary process of bio-cleaning with substratic inhibition ». Thesis, Scientific Route OU, 2018. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/46262.
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A scientifically sound method for calculating the parameters of bio-cleaning should contain as a basic a reliable mathematical description of the stationary process. The results of stationary laboratory experiments are presented in the coordinates “specific rate of destruction V – concentration ρ”. Statistical processing proves the presence of substrate inhibition for both gaseous and soluble and dissolved harmful substances in water. For an analytical description of the dependence of the biooxidation rate on the concentration of contaminants, a phenomenological approach is applied, taking into account in a simple form two obvious phenomena: the contact of a microorganism with a substrate molecule and the inhibitory effect of the medium on it. The numerical values of empirical dependency coefficients for the studied processes are calculated. A differential equation is proposed at the macro level that describes the kinetics of biochemical destruction. The concept
of a macrokinetic mathematical model of bioremediation is defined as a system of two functions that quantitatively reflect the dependence of the specific oxidation rate of pollution on its concentration and concentration on time, as well as satisfying the relationship between the relationships of the same parameters in differential form. The dependence of concentration on time is defined both in the form of a numerical integration algorithm and in the form of an approximate formula. The adequacy and universality of the proposed model for the studied processes is proved. The advantage of the proposed model of substrate inhibition kinetics is the simplicity of the structure of the basic formula and the ease of determining empirical coefficients based on this. In addition to numerical integration for determining the time of destruction, an approximate analytical solution is found, which can be adequately used in the concentration range of the experimental study. Further research is aimed at developing methods for calculating non-stationary processes in biochemical purification plants of certain specific types.
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VANDINI, Alberta. « Correlation between microbiological contamination of the environment and the care-associated infections (ICAs) in public (hospital care) and private (nursing homes and/or home care) facilities ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2488132.
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This experimental study aims to evaluate the effect of a new cleaning procedure based on the mechanism of biocontrol in comparison with conventional chemical cleaning protocols, on the presence and survival of several microorganisms responsible for “hospital-acquired infections” (HAIs) (i.e. Staphylococcus species, Enterobacteriacea, Pseudomonas species, Acinetobacter species, Candida species and Clostridium difficile) on hard surfaces in healthcare settings (hospitals and nursing homes).
The effect of biocontrol is obtained by probiotic cleaning, containing spores of American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) Bacillus species. The ATCC Bacillus species are safe, non-pathogenic and awarded the GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe) status by the US Food and Drug Administration.
The results obtained “in vitro” (under contamination-controlled conditions) show that their effectiveness is not affected by the type of surface treated, for example stoneware, ceramics, rubber or plastics.
Results in field were evaluated over 30 months within inpatient wards, situated principally in medical units, in 13 Italian hospitals and 4 nursing homes.
These data have shown that, compared to traditional chemical-based disinfectants, the effect of the probiotic-based product led to a high reduction of the microbial load of potential pathogens with a stable effect over time.
18,232 microbial surface samples are collected by technique count plate.
Of the 18,232 samples, only 13,003 are obtained 7 hours after the time of daily sanitization, having been subjected to this process utilizing a mathematic model (algorithm).
The experimental study indicates that the use of probiotic bacilli significantly reduces the pathogenic microbial load on contaminated surfaces, and that the effect is more prolonged and stable than that used by chemical disinfectants. An impact on the microbial surface remodeling in the nosocomial environment is observed, showing both a reduction in potential pathogens and infectious events.
There is a correlation between the microbiological contamination of the environment and the care-associated infections (HAIs) which can be controlled with a new approach based on bio-stabilization technology due to the probiotic capacity of the "competitive exclusion" phenomenon.
The “competitive exclusion” is the inevitable elimination from a habitat of one of two different species with identical needs for resources.Questo studio sperimentale ha lo scopo di valutare l'effetto di una nuova procedura di pulizia basata sul meccanismo del biocontrollo rispetto ai convenzionali protocolli di pulizia chimica, sulla presenza e sulla sopravvivenza di diversi microrganismi responsabili delle infezioni correlate all’assistenza (ICA) (Staphyloccus spp., Enterobacteriacea, Pseudomonas spp., Acinetobacter spp., Candida spp. e Clostridium difficile) su superfici dure in una struttura sanitaria (ospedali e case di cura). L'effetto del biocontrollo si ottiene con la pulizia probiotica, contenente spore di Bacillus provenienti da American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Le specie Bacillus ATCC sono sicure, non patogene e hanno ottenuto lo status di GRAS (Generalmente riconosciuto come sicuro) dalla Food and Drug Administration statunitense. I risultati ottenuti ‘in vitro’ (in condizioni controllate della contaminazione) mostrano che la loro efficacia non è influenzata dal tipo di superficie trattata, quale grès, ceramica, gomma o materiali plastici. In campo i risultati ottenuti dal monitoraggio nei reparti di degenza, soprattutto del Dipartimento di Medicina, hanno interessato 13 ospedali e 4 case di cura per 30 mesi. 18232 campioni di superficie microbica sono raccolti mediante piastra di conteggio tecnica. Solo 13003 sono campioni ottenuti dopo 7 ore dal momento della sanificazione giornaliera, che sono stati sottoposti a questa elaborazione utilizzando un modello matematico (algoritmo). Lo studio sperimentale indica che l'uso di microrganismi probiotici riduce significativamente il carico microbico patogeno sulle superfici contaminate e che l'effetto è più prolungato e stabile di quello esercitato dai disinfettanti chimici. È stato verificato un cambiamento della contaminazione microbica nell'ambiente nosocomiale, osservando una riduzione di potenziali patogeni e una riduzione degli eventi infettivi. Esiste una correlazione tra la contaminazione microbiologica dell'ambiente e le infezioni associate all'assistenza (HAI) che possono essere controllate con il nuovo approccio basato su una tecnica di biostabilizzazione, dovuta alla capacità dei probiotici del fenomeno di “esclusione competitiva”. L “esclusione competitiva” è l'inevitabile eliminazione dall'habitat di una delle due diverse specie con identici bisogni di risorse.
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Pogosean, Ararat. « Framställning av syntetiska bio-drivmedel från förgasad biomassa : En studie i potentiell värmeintegration ». Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-28221.
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Fossila bränslen har sedan de upptäcktes konkurrerat ut biomassa som den huvudsakliga energikällan. Framförallt i trafiksektorn har drivmedel som härstammar från fossil olja varit dominerande. Främst på grund av deras fördelar mot biomassan såsom tillgänglighet, pris, energidensitet och enkelhet att användas i en förbränningsmotor. Men dessa drivmedel innehåller kolatomer som inte längre är en del av det naturliga kretsloppet och vid förbränning leder detta till nettotillskott av koldioxid till atmosfären. Utsläpp av koldioxid utgör den största antropogena inverkan på den accelererande växthuseffekt världen upplever vilket kommer att medföra förödande klimatändringar. Det är mot den bakgrunden nödvändigt att istället framställa drivmedel från en förnybar källa, som innebär en koldioxidneutral förbränning, nämligen biomassa. Samtidigt måste även hänsyn tas till vilken typ av biomassa som används, produktion av biodrivmedel får inte konkurrera med livsmedelproduktion. Därför är det viktigt att ”träaktigt” biomassa används som råvara vilket inte utgör någon konkurrens. Ett lovande sätt att omvandla biomassa till drivmedel är via förgasning där biomassa upphettas tills dess att en gas erhålls, bland annat bestående av kolmonoxid, vätgas, metan och diverse spårämnen. Denna gas genomgår sedan rening och bearbetning där partiklar, tjäror, alkalimetaller och spårämnen renas till dess att gasen endast består av kolmonoxid och vätgas, kallat syntesgas (ofta förkortat som syngas). Syngasen kan sedan i en process omvandlas till en rad olika bränslen, såsom bensin och metan. När gasen renas och bearbetas uppstår stora mängder termisk överskottsenergi. Om anläggningen är fristående kan överskottsenergi inte nyttjas vilket innebär relativ låga verkningsgrader. Men om anläggningen integreras mot till exempel ett massa- och pappersbruk kan överskottsenergi komma väl till pass och på så vis erhålls högre verkningsgrader. I arbetet presenteras en sammanställning av renings- och bearbetningsmetoder. Utifrån denna sammanställning har åtta processlösningar simulerats i processmodellerings-programmet CHEMCAD. De åtta fallen som ingår i studien är för produktion av bensin, diesel, metanol och metan, samtliga med rening vid relativ låga temperaturer (kall gasrening) respektive vid relativ höga temperaturer (het gasrening). Utifrån simuleringsresultateten har det varit möjligt att genomföra en så kallad Pinch-analys där det är möjligt att grafiskt avläsa potential för värmeintegration mot ett typiskt massa- och pappersbruk. Slutligen har en utvärdering av samtliga fall gjorts utifrån olika verkningsgradsberäkningar. Klart står att möjligheterna till värmeintegration är stora, på användbara temperaturnivåer, och uppgår i vissa fall till nästan 40 MW för en 100 MWth–anläggning. Verkningsgraderna är definierade på fyra olika sätt vilket möjliggör djupare tolkning och utvärdering av resultaten men samtidigt kräver det en viss försiktighet från läsaren. Dock framgår det tydligt ur resultaten från verkningsgradsberäkningar att totala effektiviteten för processen kan öka med 10-tals procentenheter om värmeöverskotten tillvaratas. Resultaten framhåller vikten av värmeintegration och indikerar samtidigt möjligheten till effektivare produktion av bio-drivmedel. Detta innebär med stor sannolikhet också ett ekonomiskt sundare alternativ som i sin tur ökar intresset för investeringar på förnybara bränslen. Investeringar av denna typ är en absolut nödvändighet för en hållbar drivmedelskonsumtion i framtiden.Fossil fuels have since their discovery replaced biomass as the main source of energy. Especially in the transportation sector, fuels derived from fossil oil have been the dominant source of energy, mainly due to their advantages compared to biomass such as availability, price, energy density and easiness of use in an internal combustion engine. Unfortunately these fuels contain carbon atoms that no longer are part of the natural cycle and combustion leads to net addition of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide has the largest anthropogenic impact on the accelerated greenhouse effect that the world is experiencing, which will lead to devastating climate changes. In this context it is necessary to instead produce fuel from a renewable source, which means a carbon neutral combustion, namely biomass. At the same time it is necessary to also take into account the type of biomass used, the production of biofuels should not compete with food production. Therefore it is important that “woody” biomass is being used as the raw material, which poses no competition. A promising way to convert biomass into fuels is with gasification where biomass is heated until a gas is obtained, mainly consisting of carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methane and various trace elements. This gas then undergoes purification and processing, where particles, tars, alkali metals and trace elements are purged until only a gas consisting of carbon monoxide and hydrogen remains, called syngas (synthesis gas). The syngas can then be converted into a variety of fuels such as petrol and methane. When the gas is being purified and processed large amounts of excess thermal energy are released. If it is a stand-alone plant, excess energy cannot be utilized, which leads to relatively low efficiencies. But if the plant is integrated with, for example, a pulp and paper mill, the excess energy can be utilized, thus resulting in higher overall efficiencies. This work presents a compilation of purification and processing methods. This compilation was used as the basis for the modelling of eight process solutions that were simulated in the flow-sheeting program CHEMCAD. The eight cases included in the study aim to produce gasoline, diesel, methanol and methane, all with purification at relatively low temperatures (cold gas cleaning) or at relative high temperatures (hot gas cleaning). Based on simulation results, a so-called Pinch analysis has been carried out where it is possible to graphically read off the potential for heat integration with a typical pulp and paper mill. Finally, overall assessments of the eight cases have been made based on different efficiency calculations. The results clearly show that the potential for process integration is great, with useful temperature levels, and amounts in up to almost 40 MW when the biomass input is 100 MWth. The efficiencies are defined in four different ways allowing for deeper interpretation and evaluation of the results, but require a certain amount of caution from the reader. However, it is evident from the results of efficiency calculations that overall efficiency of the process can be increased by 10's of percentage points if surplus heat is utilized. The results emphasize the importance of heat integration and simultaneously indicate the possibility of increased efficiency in production of biofuels. Which most likely also means a more economically sound alternative, which in turn increases the interest from investors in renewable fuels. Investments of this type are an absolute necessity for sustainable fuel consumption in the future.
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Gebreyohannes, Abaynesh Yihdego. « Bio-hybrid membrane process for food-based wastewater valorisation : a pathway to an efficient integrated membrane process design ». Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30360/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
L'industrie alimentaire est de loin l'industrie la plus grande consommatrice d'eau potable et elle rejette environ 500 millions de m3 d'eaux usées par an contenant une charge organique très élevée. Un simple traitement de ce flux par des technologies conventionnelles échoue souvent en raison de facteurs de coûts. Aussi, récemment, l'accent a été largement mis sur la valorisation de ces effluents par récupération des éléments d'intérêt et la production d'eau de bonne qualité en utilisant des procédés à membrane intégrés. Les procédés membranaires couvrent pratiquement toutes les opérations unitaires utiles et nécessaires qui sont utilisés dans les usines de traitement des eaux usées. Ils apportent souvent des avantages comme la simplicité, la modularité, le caractère innovant, la compétitivité et le respect de l'environnement. Ainsi, l'objectif principal de cette thèse est le développement d'un procédé à membrane intégré comprenant microfiltration (MF), osmose directe (FO), ultrafiltration (UF) et nanofiltration (NF) pour la valorisation des eaux usées d'origine agro-alimentaire dans une logique de " zéro effluent liquide ". Nous avons pris les eaux de végétation provenant de la production d'huile d'olive comme support d'étude. Les défis associés au traitement des eaux usées de végétation sont: la variabilité des charges hydrauliques ou organiques, la présence de composés bio phénoliques, le colmatage des membranes et le rejet périodique de grands volumes d'eaux usées. En particulier, la présence de composés bio phénoliques rend ces eaux usées nocives pour l'environnement. Toutefois, la récupération de ces composés phytotoxiques peut également apporter une valeur ajoutée, car ils ont des activités biologiques intéressantes qui peuvent être exploitées dans les industries cosmétique, alimentaire et pharmaceutiqueThe food industry is by far the largest potable water consuming industry that releases about 500 million m3 of wastewater per annum with very high organic loading. Simple treatment of this stream using conventional technologies often fails due to cost factors overriding their pollution abating capacity. Hence, recently the focus has been largely centered on valorization through combinatorial recovery of valuable components and reclaiming good quality water using integrated membrane process. Membrane processes practically cover all existing and needed unit operations that are used in wastewater treatment facilities. They often come with advantages like simplicity, modularity, process or product novelty, improved competitiveness, and environmental friendliness. Thus, the main focus of this PhD thesis is development of integrated membrane process comprising microfiltration (MF), forward osmosis (FO), ultrafiltration (UF) and nanofiltration (NF) for valorization of food based wastewater within the logic of zero liquid discharge. As a case study, vegetation wastewater coming from olive oil production was taken. Challenges associated with the treatment of vegetation wastewater are: absence of unique hydraulic or organic loadings, presence of biophenolic compounds, sever membrane fouling and periodic release of large volume of wastewater. Especially presence of biophenolic compounds makes the wastewater detrimental to the environment. However, recovering these phytotoxic compounds can also add economic benefit to the simple treatment since they have interesting bioactivities that can be exploited in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries
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Göransson, Kristina. « Internal Tar/CH4 Reforming in Biomass Dual Fluidised Bed Gasifiers towards Fuel Synthesis ». Doctoral thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för kemiteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-22984.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Production of high-quality syngas from biomass gasification in a dual fluidised bed gasifier (DFBG) has made a significant progress in R&D and Technology demonstration. An S&M scale bio-automotive fuel plant close to the feedstock resources is preferable as biomass feedstock is widely sparse and has relatively low density, low heating value and high moisture content. This requires simple, reliable and cost-effective production of clean and good syngas. Indirect DFBGs, with steam as the gasification agent, produce a syngas of high content H2 and CO with 12-20 MJ/mn3 heating value. The Mid Sweden University (MIUN) gasifier, built for research on synthetic fuel production, is a dual fluidised bed gasifier. Reforming of tars and CH4 (except for methanation application) in the syngas is a major challenge for commercialization of biomass fluidised-bed gasification technology towards automotive fuel production. A good syngas from DFBGs can be obtained by optimised design and operation of the gasifier, by the use of active catalytic bed material and internal reforming. This thesis presents a series of experimental tests with different operation parameters, reforming of tar and CH4 with catalytic bed material and reforming of tar and CH4 with catalytic internal reformer. The first test was carried out to evaluate the optimal operation and performance of the MIUN gasifier. The test provides basic information for temperature control in the combustor and the gasifier by the bed material circulation rate. After proven operation and performance of the MIUN gasifier, an experimental study on in-bed material catalytic reforming of tar/CH4 is performed to evaluate the catalytic effects of the olivine and Fe-impregnated olivine (10%wtFe/olivine Catalyst) bed materials, with reference to non-catalytic silica sand operated in the mode of dual fluidised beds (DFB). A comparative experimental test is then carried out with the same operation condition and bed-materials but when the gasifier was operated in the mode of single bubbling fluidised bed (BFB). The behaviour of catalytic and non-catalytic bed materials differs when they are used in the DFB and the BFB. Fe/olivine and olivine in the BFB mode give lower tar and CH4 content together with higher H2+CO concentration, and higher H2/CO ratio, compared to DFB mode. It is hard to show a clear advantage of Fe/olivine over olivine regarding tar/CH4 catalytic reforming. In order to significantly reduce the tar/CH4 contents, an internal reformer, referred to as the FreeRef reformer, is developed for in-situ catalytic reforming of tar and CH4 using Ni-catalyst in an environment of good gas-solids contact at high temperature. A study on the internal reformer filled with and without Ni-catalytic pellets was carried out by evaluation of the syngas composition and tar/CH4 content. It can be concluded that the reformer with Ni-catalytic pellets clearly gives a higher H2 content together with lower CH4 and tar contents in the syngas than the reformer without Ni-catalytic pellets. The gravimetric tar content decreases from 25 g/m3 down to 5 g/m3 and the CH4 content from 11% down below 6% in the syngas. The MIUN gasifier has a unique design suitable for in-bed tar/CH4 catalytic reforming and continuously internal regeneration of the reactive bed material. The novel design in the MIUN gasifier increases the gasification efficiency, suppresses the tar generation and upgrades the syngas composition.Gasification-based Biorefinery for Mechanical Pulp Mills
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Squarcina, Andrea. « Ligand and structure design of bio-inspired multi-electron redox catalysts ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3422783.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The water-to-oxygen redox couple, H2O/O2, powers our aerobic life through the fundamental processes of natural photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Despite its vital role, any failure of this four-electron mechanism turns out to release O2-derived toxic radicals, inducing a severe oxidative damages of any synthetic and biological materials exposed to the aerobic risk. The aerobic formation of ROS is due to oxygen reduction in-vivo, generating the superoxide anion (O2•–), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and the hydroxyl radical (HO•). ROS give rise to fast, barrier-less, short-range and non-selective oxidation steps, being responsible for the “oxidative stress”, a key factor for cellular death, organ failure and aging diseases. In addition photo-oxidative stress is one key factor limiting plant productivity, i.e. bio-mass and food yield. Noteworthy, ROS-forming mechanisms are also lethal for the stability of bio-inspired materials designed for artificial photosynthesis in vitro. The biological defense against ROS-induced cellular damage stems from the combined action of “anti-oxidant” metallo-enzymes, as superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). A detoxification cascade occurs via SOD-induced dismutation of O2•– into O2 and H2O2 which is then converted by CAT into H2O and O2 again. In this thesis will be presented the design of a set of novel anti-oxidant catalysts, based on different metal centers, that can emerge by the engineering of a synzyme with integrated SOD/CAT activity able to mimic both the enzymes activities and efficiently perform a complete ROS scavenging also in biological-like solution. The activity of the synzymes will be also tested in water splitting processes to perform both the water oxidation than the proton reduction reactions in water at neutral pH, a key feature to obtain sustainable energy sources from water.
The obtained results will be divided in four main chapters:
- Chapter 2: coupling of a polycationic Mn(III)-porphyrin, with a dinuclear Mn2(II,II)L2 core results in a dual Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) functional analog, Mn2L2Pn+, enabling a detoxification cascade of the superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide into benign H2O and O2. The SOD/CAT artificial manifolds, joined in one asset, exhibit a peak catalytic performance under physiological conditions, with log kcat(O2•–) ≥ 7 and kcat(H2O2)/KM = 1890. The dual-enzyme (di-zyme) concept allows for a unique, built-in-self-protection, against the irreversible bleaching of the porphyrin unit, (> 75% protection), readily induced by H2O2 (200 μM, 20 equivalents, in buffer solution, pH=7.8). We show herein that incubation of the photosynthetic green algae, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, with the synthetic di-zyme (as low as 0.1 μM), prevents H2O2 accumulation under high-light illumination conditions, thus providing an efficient anti-oxidant surveillance and photo-protection.
- Chapter 3: dinuclear Cu(II)2L2 catalysts were synthesized and studied for their SOD/CAT activity. The goal of this study was to demonstrate that with a proper ligand set, is it possible tune the reactivity of an harmful metal like copper, turns it to a benign anti-oxidant system. The dinuclear copper complexes show SOD activity with logkcat up to 7.55 and CAT activity with rate of O2 production up to 4.4 μM/s. Kinetic studies of the process of hydrogen peroxide dismutation show also an evolution of the catalyst during the catalytic turnover. No evidence of oxidation of external substrates was also confirmed as consequence of the sacrificial internal scavenger.
- Chapter 4: novel Fe(III)L, Fe(III)2L2 and Co2(II)L2 complexes have also been isolated. Preliminary results indicate that a multi-redox manifold is available for both species, however with scarce activity as ROS scavenger. These complexes show instead an interesting activity in the water oxidation process. In addition the anodic waves observed in reduction are promising for catalytic proton reduction processes performed by using directly water as proton source.
- Chapter 5: application of oxygen evolving catalysts within functional materials has been explored in the field of porous membranes. This novel stimuli-responsive strategy against the irreversible fouling of porous materials and surfaces is based on the molecular design of catalytic pore walls that foster a chemo-mechanical, self-cleaning behaviour under neutral pH and mild conditions of pressure and temperature. To this aim, the catalase-like behaviour of the tetra-ruthenium substituted polyoxometalate, has been exploited for in-pore oxygen evolution so to induce an active fluid mixing and the displacement of foulant particles. The present study includes the fabrication of hybrid polymeric films with porous architecture embedding the tetra-ruthenium catalyst as artificial catalase to guarantee the material self-defence against pore occlusion and oxidative damage with aqueous H2O2 as mild chemical effector.La coppia redox acqua-ossigeno, H2O/O2, alimenta la nostra vita aerobica attraverso i processi fondamentali della fotosintesi naturale e della respirazione cellulare. Nonostante il suo ruolo fondamentale, qualsiasi errore in questo meccanismo a quattro elettroni rilascia radicali O2-derivati tossici, inducendo gravi danni ossidativi ai materiali sintetici e biologici esposti. La formazione aerobica di ROS è dovuta alla riduzione dell'ossigeno in vivo, generando l'anione superossido (O2•-), perossido di idrogeno (H2O2) ed il radicale idrossile (HO•). I ROS danno origine ad una veloce ossidazione, senza barriere, a corto raggio e non selettiva, responsabile dello "stress ossidativo", un fattore chiave per la morte cellulare, insufficienza di organi e le malattie dell'invecchiamento. Inoltre lo stress foto-ossidativo è un fattore chiave che limita la produttività di piante, bio-masse e rese alimentari. Meccanismi ROS indotti sono anche letali per la stabilità dei materiali bio-ispirati progettati per fotosintesi artificiale in vitro. La difesa biologica contro i danni cellulari ROS indotti deriva dall'azione combinata di metallo-enzimi "anti-ossidanti", come la superossido dismutasi (SOD) e la catalasi (CAT). Il processo di disintossicazione avviene tramite la dismutazione SOD indotta di O2•- in O2 e H2O2 che viene poi convertita nuovamente da CAT in H2O e O2. In questa tesi verrà presentata la progettazione di una serie di nuovi catalizzatori antiossidanti, basati su differenti centri metallici, che possono derivare dalla progettazione di sinzimi con integrata attività SOD/CAT in grado di imitare entrambi gli enzimi ed eseguire efficientemente una completa rimozione di ROS in condizioni simili a quelle biologiche. L'attività dei sinzimi sarà testata inoltre nei processi di scissione dell'acqua per effettuare sia il processo di ossidazione dell'acqua che la riduzione di protoni in acqua a pH neutro, una caratteristica fondamentale per l’ottenimento fonti energetiche sostenibili dalla acqua. I risultati ottenuti saranno divisi in quattro capitoli principali: -Capitolo 2: l’unione di una porfirina policationica di Mn(III), con un sistema dinucleare Mn2(II,II)L2 risulta in un duplice analogo funzionale di superossido dismutasi (SOD) e catalasi (CAT), Mn2L2Pn+, consentendo una disintossicazione a cascata dell'anione superossido e del perossido di idrogeno in H2O e O2. I complessi SOD/CAT artificiali, uniti in un’unica struttura, mostrano un picco delle performance catalitiche in condizioni fisiologiche, con logkcat(O2•-) ≥ 7 e kcat(H2O2)/KM = 1890. Il concetto di doppio-enzima (di-zima) consente una autoprotezione unica, contro la degradazione irreversibile dell'unità porfirinica, (> protezione 75%), indotta rapidamente da H2O2 (200 μM, 20 equivalenti, in soluzione tampone, pH=7.8). Qui viene dimostrato che l'incubazione delle alghe verdi fotosintetiche, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, con il di-zima sintetico (a concentrazioni fino a 0,1 μM), previene l'accumulo di H2O2 in condizioni di elevata illuminazione, fornendo così un efficiente azione anti-ossidante e foto-protettiva. -Capitolo 3: sono stati sintetizzati e studiati dei catalizzatori binucleari Cu(II)2L2 per la loro attività SOD/CAT. L'obiettivo di questo studio è stato quello di dimostrare che con una serie di leganti adeguati, è possibile regolare la reattività di un metallo dannoso come il rame, trasformandolo in un sistema anti-ossidante. I complessi binucleari di rame mostrano un’attività SOD con logkcat fino a 7,55 e un'attività CAT con velocità di produzione di O2 fino a 4,4 μM/s. Studi cinetici del processo di dismutazione dell’acqua ossigenata mostrano una evoluzione del catalizzatore durante il turnover catalitico. Nessuna evidenza dell’ossidazione di substrati esterni è stata osservata grazie alla presenza di una funzionalità interna sacrificale. - Capitolo 4: sono stati isolati dei nuovi complessi Fe(III)L, Fe(III)2L2 e Co2(II)L2. I risultati preliminari indicano che le specie sono in grado di sostenere processi multi-elettronici, ma con scarsa attività nell’eliminazione di ROS. Questi complessi mostrano invece un'attività interessante nel processo di ossidazione dell'acqua. Inoltre le onde anodiche osservate in riduzione sono promettenti nel processo di riduzione catalitica dei protoni eseguito utilizzando direttamente acqua come fonte di protoni. - Capitolo 5: è stata esplorata l’applicazione nel campo dei materiali funzionali di catalizzatori che sviluppano ossigeno all'interno di membrane porose. Questa nuova strategia stimolo-risposta contro l'incrostazione irreversibile di materiali porosi e superfici si basa sulla progettazione molecolare di pori con pareti catalitiche che esibiscono proprietà autopulenti chemo-meccaniche a pH neutro e in condizioni blande di temperatura e pressione. A questo scopo, l’attività di catalasi di un poliossometallato tetra-rutenio sostituito, è stata sfruttata per lo sviluppo di ossigeno dai pori in modo da indurre una miscelazione attiva del fluido e la rimozione delle particelle sporcanti. Il presente studio prevede la realizzazione di film polimerici ibridi con un’architettura porosa contenenti il catalizzatore di tetra-rutenio come catalasi artificiale per garantire al materiale un meccanismo di auto-difesa contro l’occlusione dei pori e i danni ossidativi, impiegando una soluzione acquosa di H2O2 come stimolo chimico.
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Mortier, Claudio. « Conception de surfaces bio-inspirées à mouillabilité contrôlée à partir de polymères conducteurs ». Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR4110/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Le contrôle de la mouillabilité de surface est un enjeu majeur pour le développement de matériaux innovants liés aux nano, bio et smart technologies. La mouillabilité est fonction de deux paramètres majeurs : l’énergie de surface du matériau et sa morphologie. La combinaison de ces deux paramètres est à la base de phénomènes tels que la super/parahydrophobie ou la superoléophobie. Ces capacités extrêmes à repousser les liquides avec soit une forte ou faible adhésion sont des propriétés de surface très intéressantes pour de multiples applications industrielles. La présente thèse propose l’étude d’une série de dérivés du polypyrrole élaborés par électrodéposition permettant d’influencer les paramètres régissant la mouillabilité de surface. Par cette approche, il a été possible d’élaborer des surfaces aux morphologies diverses avec une gamme de mouillabilité complète. Les différentes fonctionnalisations par des groupements hydrophobes greffés sur différentes positions préférentielles du monomère ont conduit à l’élaboration de surfaces para et superhydrophobes mettant en évidence l’impact de l’énergie de surface et de la morphologie sur la mouillabilité. Des études préliminaires ont mis en évidence la possibilité d’obtenir des morphologies variées allant de sphères jusqu’à des fibres à l’échelle du micro/nanomètre. Finalement, ces travaux contribuent à un contrôle en amont de la mouillabilité et de la morphologie de surface pour de nombreuses applications potentielles comme les matériaux collecteurs d’eau, les membranes séparatrices de liquide ou bien les revêtements auto nettoyantThe control of the surface wettability is a key point for the development of innovative materials in several domains such as nano-, bio- and smart-technologies. The wettability is a function of two main parameters of the materials, such as the surface energy and the surface morphology. The combination of these two parameters allows to observe wetting phenomena as super/parahydrophobicity and superoleophobicity. These extreme abilities to repel liquids with different adhesion behaviors are very interesting properties for several industrial applications. This work presents a series of polypyrrole derivatives elaborated by electrodeposition allowing to influence the parameters driving the surface wettability. Following this approach, it was possible to develop surfaces with several types of morphology and different wetting behaviors from a low to high wettability. The different functionalizations using hydrophobic compounds grafted on various preferential positions on the monomer core yielded to para and superhydrophobic surfaces showing the impact of the surface energy and morphology on the wettability. Thanks to preliminary studies, it was showed the possibility to obtain several morphologies from spherical aggregates to fibers at the micro/nano scale. Finally, this work contributes to an upstream control of the surface wettability and morphologies for many potential applications such as water harvesting, separation membranes and self-cleaning coatings
Livres sur le sujet "Bio-cleaning"
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Ismailov, Nariman. Scientific basis of environmental biotechnology practical. ru : INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1048434.
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The monograph is devoted to modern biotechnology, which allows to solve urgent environmental problems in all areas of modern society. Described the current use of biotechnological methods for environmental protection. The common assessment of the environment, the analysis bioaccumulating capacity of the biosphere, presented information on bio-ecological potential of human society. Considers the issues of technological bio-energetics, obtaining biodegradable materials, different fields of organic waste, bioremediation of soils contaminated with petroleum products, pesticides, heavy metals, solid waste processing, utilization of oil sludge and drill cuttings, cleaning of soil and groundwater from contamination, the use of biotechnology in the oil industry and others Described the modern problems of organic agriculture and the progress in this area. Discussed microbiological, biochemical and technological fundamentals of these processes. The prospects of the use of biotechnology in integrated environmental protection. Discusses the modern view of ecological culture and ecological civilization in the framework of the problems under consideration.
Designed for teachers, students, engineers, ecologists, agricultural workers, civil servants, decision-makers, engaged in the manufacture engaged in the development of programs for socio-ecological sustainable development.
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Cleaning and Cleaning Validation : A Biotechnology Perspective. Informa Healthcare, 1996.
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Voss, Jon. Cleaning and Cleaning Validation : A Biotechnology Perspective. CRC Press LLC, 2018.
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Pezo-Lanfranco, Luis Nicanor. Bioarqueologia e Antropologia Forense : Métodos de escavação, recuperação e curadoria de ossos humanos. Brazil Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-376-3.
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This book presents a synthesis on the necessary methods and techniques for the correct excavation, recovery and conservation of human remains, as well as notions of sampling and analysis of bones, useful for an adequate study of funeral contexts in conventional (bio)archaeological research or forensic-anthropology. As this book was written primarily for archeology students and archeologists with little training in bone handling, the language is easy-to-follow. The book is divided into two sections that roughly correspond to the two phases in which the method of analysis of human bones can be divided. In the first section, we describe the Phase I or field work that includes recovery methods, from the prospection and identification of burial sites, excavation and recording, field-sampling techniques, to the packaging and transport of bones to the laboratory. In the second part of the book, Phase II or laboratory work, we describe the treatment that should be given to bones from their arrival to laboratory of analysis to the final storage. In this section, we show the methods of cleaning and preparation of bones for further analysis, some basic notions on restoration and conservation, and relevant information about sampling techniques and their scientific principles to obtain information from the examined individual. Along the text we emphasize the informative potential of each analysis from the bioarchaeological and anthropological-forensic viewpoint.
Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Bio-cleaning"
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Maluckov, Biljana S. « Bio(nano)cleaning : Bio(nano)purification and Bio(nano)remediation ». Dans Bionanotechnology Towards Sustainable Management of Environmental Pollution, 59–94. Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003270959-3.
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Jajpura, Lalit. « Enzyme : A Bio Catalyst for Cleaning up Textile and Apparel Sector ». Dans Textile Science and Clothing Technology, 95–137. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4876-0_5.
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Yukinobu, Maruyama, Tanaka Kazuhiro, Shibata Yoshinaru, Watanabe Keiichirou et Yamada Tomiaki. « A Proposed Design Method for Predicting Cleaning Parameters of the Bio-Plant ». Dans Biochemical Engineering for 2001, 759–61. Tokyo : Springer Japan, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68180-9_202.
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Vellutato, Arthur. « Cleaning and Disinfecting Laminar Flow Workstations, Bio Safety Cabinets and Fume Hoods ». Dans Handbook of Validation in Pharmaceutical Processes, 419–28. 4e éd. Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003163138-25.
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Harmsen, Joop. « Managing Bio-Availability : an Effective Element in The Improvement of Biological Soil-Cleaning ? » Dans Soil & ; Environment, 235–39. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2008-1_49.
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Amran, Inani Yusra, et Khalid Isa. « Modelling Analysis of a Bio-inspired Triangular Underwater Robot for Aquaculture Biofouling Cleaning ». Dans Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 13–28. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2406-3_2.
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Mazzoli, Roberto, et Enrica Pessione. « Ancient Textile Deterioration and Restoration : Bio-Cleaning of an Egyptian Shroud Held in the Torino Museum ». Dans Microorganisms in the Deterioration and Preservation of Cultural Heritage, 199–216. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69411-1_9.
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AbstractAncient textiles are fragile and several factors can affect their integrity. In the present chapter, the main agents of deterioration of old and new textiles, namely physical-chemical (light, oxygen, heat, and humidity) and biological factors as well as human erroneous interventions will be explored. As far as the biological deterioration is considered, the effects of microbial growth, primary and secondary metabolites (acids, solvents, surfactants, pigments) and enzymes (lipases, proteases, and glycosidases) on textile strength and cleanliness will be described in details. The main fungal and bacterial species involved in the damage (textile discoloration, black and green spots, cuts) will be reported. Adhesive application during restoration procedures is discussed to highlight the risk of glue thickening giving rise to dull precipitates on the fabric.The main strategies for oil-stain and glue removal (both animal glue, such as fish collagen, and vegetal glue, i.e. starch) will be described in the paragraph devoted to biorestoration. Finally, a case study concerning an ancient Coptic tunic housed in the Egyptian Museum of Torino, Italy, and biocleaned by means of gellan-immobilized alpha-amylase from Bacillus sp. will be largely discussed by reporting historical data, adhesive characterization, methods for artificial aging of simulated sample and glue removal from the artwork.
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Dutschk, Victoria. « Bioinspired Interfaces for Self-cleaning Technologies ». Dans Bio- and Bioinspired Nanomaterials, 255–76. Weinheim, Germany : Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527675821.ch10.
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Sprocati, Anna Rosa, Chiara Alisi, Giada Migliore, Paola Marconi et Flavia Tasso. « Sustainable Restoration Through Biotechnological Processes : A Proof of Concept ». Dans Microorganisms in the Deterioration and Preservation of Cultural Heritage, 235–61. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69411-1_11.
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AbstractAn understanding of the different microbial constellations or microbiomes, which every habitat and every organism harbor, will be the key to addressing many of the challenges humanity will face in the twenty-first century. Such comprehension could launch several innovations relating to natural and cultural capital, including historical and artistic heritage. In relation to cultural heritage, microorganisms are mainly known through their role as deteriogens, but the features creating damage can be exploited positively, attaining more sustainable restoration strategies, in accordance with the principles of compatibility and retreatability deriving from reflections on the Cultural Heritage inspired by the Charter of Venice (International charter for the Conservation and restoration of monument and sites (the Venice Chart 1964). In: ICOMOS, IInd International Congress of Architects and Technicians of Historic Monuments, 1964) onwards. In this article, we show a series of case studies, using both wild-type microorganisms and plant-based extracts, providing a comprehensive proof of concept of the feasibility of biotechnological solutions for a more sustainable restoration strategy, to replace the products in use which are often dangerous for operators, aggressive for works of art and no longer compatible with the environment. The overview of the case studies presented, many of which are still unpublished, responds to the need to go beyond the state of the art and has entirely sprung from suggestions by restorers, interested in learning about potential innovations and strongly determined to introduce non-toxic products in their daily work. In this perspective, the case studies dealt with two topics: bio-cleaning and disinfection. Noteworthy results were obtained on a platform of different types of artworks and different materials with compatible, harmless and selective products.
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Saini, Anil, et Jatinder Kumar Ratan. « A Review on Titanium Dioxide Based Photocatalytic Cement : Self-cleaning Cement ». Dans Advances in Chemical, Bio and Environmental Engineering, 239–73. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96554-9_18.
Texte intégralActes de conférences sur le sujet "Bio-cleaning"
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Kim, Taewan, Byeongho Yu, Christian Tirtawardhana, I. Made Aswin Nahrendra et Hyun Myung. « Development of Cleaning Module for Wall Climbing Drone with Bio-inspired Watering Mechanism ». Dans 2022 22nd International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems (ICCAS). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/iccas55662.2022.10003909.
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Bartolini, Tony. « Innovative Bio-based Surfactants for Cleaning Product Applications. When Sustainability Comes with Cost Effective Performance ». Dans Virtual 2021 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists’ Society (AOCS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/am21.371.
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Robbins, Andrew B., Sean Jergensen, Meg Abraham et Henry Helvajian. « Laser based cleaning and in-situ verification of bio-loading for planetary protection (Conference Presentation) ». Dans Space Systems Contamination : Prediction, Control, and Performance 2022, sous la direction de Carlos E. Soares, Eve M. Wooldridge et Bruce A. Matheson. SPIE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2636318.
Texte intégral
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Park, Il Woong, Maria Fernandino et Carlos Alberto Dorao. « Controlling the Wetting State With Bio-Mimetic Hierarchical Conical Microstructures ». Dans ASME 2018 16th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2018-7653.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Achieving a high apparent contact angle with a low contact angle hysteresis represent a major enabling step in applications by the self-cleaning property. In this work, bio-mimetic inspired structures complemented with silanization coating are presented for developing surfaces with a high apparent contact angle with a low contact angle hysteresis. The structures are based on hierarchical conical structures with the different geometric parameter. It was observed that the fabricated surface has high apparent contact angle and low contact angle hysteresis. For that, bio-mimetic texturing of surface and silanization coating can be applied. In this study, hierarchical conical structures were fabricated. The shape of the structures has been inspired from the surface from nature. Moreover, the effect of the silanization coating on the surfaces which has different geometric parameter has been identified.
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Fayard, Eric H. « Case Studies : Plant Performance Improvements Through the Use of Innovative Condenser Cleaning Technology and Leak Detection Inspection ». Dans ASME 2008 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2008-60133.
Texte intégralRésumé :
One of the largest returns on investment a plant can make is the improved condenser performance as a result of the removal of fouling from tubes within the condenser. The financial impact of a poorly performing condenser can cost the average power station millions of dollars per year in lost revenue. Even a small increase in unit back pressure as a result of tube fouling and air in-leakage can have dramatic results. Performance engineers are continuously reevaluating their choice of cleaning technologies while implementing optimal cleaning schedules as well as air and water in-leakage surveys. With so many choices available for improvement, plant engineers must choose systems that are cost effective, safe and efficient. In addition, the technologies incorporated should have the capability to satisfy a variety of conditions. Those conditions can include: fouling types ranging from bio-films to the most tenacious calcium scale and the potential for air in-leakage from the turbine to the hotwell. As a result, operators must be well informed regarding best available technology. If the plant is nuclear powered, the systems should also provide the least risk to the personnel. This paper will review tube fouling characteristics, advances in cleaning technology and leak detection procedures related to improving overall plant performance.
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Olson, Vickie G. « Reducing Cooling Tower Fill Fouling and Degradation With Water Quality Control ». Dans ASME 2007 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2007-22052.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Cooling tower fill may be composed of wood or plastic, but it must provide adequate surface area for heat dissipation. Online and field water quality analysis can maximize tower efficiency and minimize maintenance. Uncontrolled levels of pH, bio-growth, or over-application of chemicals cause degradation of the material and plugging. Automatic control of pH conditioner can be accomplished with proven differential pH methods tied to analog and/or digital control. Oxidizing biocide application can be optimized with ORP and halogen analysis and control. Overuse of this type of biocide can also cause wood delignification that can affect the structural integrity of the tower. Another cause of fouling is excessive solids accumulation. Solids buildup can be minimized with side-stream filtration and/or clarification and monitored with low maintenance self-cleaning optical probes.
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Lupandin, Vladimir, Raj Thamburaj et Alexander Nikolayev. « Test results of the OGT2500 Gas Turbine Engine Running on Alternative Fuels : BioOil, Ethanol, BioDiesel and Crude Oil ». Dans ASME Turbo Expo 2005 : Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2005-68488.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This paper describes the results of an on going development program aimed at determining the technical feasibility of utilizing alternative fuels such as bio-mass derived BioOil, Ethanol, Bio-Diesel and bituminous Crude Oil in a 2.5 MW GT2500 industrial Gas Turbine Engine. This gas turbine engine was designed and manufactured by “Zorya-Mashproekt” in the Ukraine and further modified for the alternative fuels application through a join development program between “Zorya-Mashproekt” and Orenda Aerospace Corporation in Canada. The modification of the GT2500 Gas Turbine Engine hot section and combustion system to operate on liquid alternative fuels are described. Also described is an engine hot section online cleaning system and features of the fuel-handling module, which carries out fuel preheating and preprocessing. A test rig equipped with a load bank was designed and built to test the modified GT2500 Gas turbine Engine on different alternative fuels (full speed/full power). Results of the modified GT2500 gas turbine engine operation along with the emissions data are presented. The tests proved the technical feasibility of operating this gas turbine engine on the alternative fuels mentioned above. Based on these results a power generation package with the engine and fuel handling module have been accepted for commercial operation in a pilot plant under construction in West Lorne, Ontario, Canada.
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Kuznetsov, Andrey, Andrey Kuznetsov, Yury Fedorov, Yury Fedorov, Paul Fattal, Paul Fattal, Frederic Ebner et Frederic Ebner. « SELF-CLEANING CAPACITY OF SEACOASTS IN CASE OF OIL POLLUTION ». Dans Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b9441ab8c21.53053195.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The sea coasts are especially exposed to the oil pollution harmful influence as they frequently suffer from oil spills relating to the tanker accidents, port and off-shore activities. The objective of the present research is to examine the rates of spilled fuel oil natural destruction on geographically different seacoasts and to evaluate their relationship with principal environmental factors such as climatic and hydrological conditions, coast exposure and geomorphology, sediment types, intensity of biogeochemical cycles. For this purpose, a number of contaminated sectors of the Atlantic coasts of France and Spain (areas of “Erika” and “Prestige” tanker accidents), the Strait of Kerch (“Volgoneft-139” tanker accident) and the Black Sea coast in Russia (area of Novorossiysk sea port) were studied. Long-term (from 6 to 15 years) field observations were carried out there. The oiled samples were analyzed with the use of thin layer and column chromatography, optical and gravimetric methods. The results show that in the course of time, the oil slicks demonstrate an exponential diminution in their size, number and in the ratio of labile hydrocarbons content to conservative asphaltic components content. The half-period of this diminution varies from less than 1 to 12 years, subject to the forms of fuel oil traces and geographical conditions. On the Strait of Kerch coast washed by shallow, slightly salted and highly bio-productive waters of the Sea of Azov the spilled fuel oil tends to disappear twice as rapidly as on French and Spanish coasts of the Atlantic Ocean. The joint examination of the observed rates of oil pollution natural destruction and the geographical conditions of studied sites shows that temperature and seawater salinity are the crucial environmental factors of self-cleaning process.
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Kuznetsov, Andrey, Andrey Kuznetsov, Yury Fedorov, Yury Fedorov, Paul Fattal, Paul Fattal, Frederic Ebner et Frederic Ebner. « SELF-CLEANING CAPACITY OF SEACOASTS IN CASE OF OIL POLLUTION ». Dans Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b43166a1b2f.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The sea coasts are especially exposed to the oil pollution harmful influence as they frequently suffer from oil spills relating to the tanker accidents, port and off-shore activities. The objective of the present research is to examine the rates of spilled fuel oil natural destruction on geographically different seacoasts and to evaluate their relationship with principal environmental factors such as climatic and hydrological conditions, coast exposure and geomorphology, sediment types, intensity of biogeochemical cycles. For this purpose, a number of contaminated sectors of the Atlantic coasts of France and Spain (areas of “Erika” and “Prestige” tanker accidents), the Strait of Kerch (“Volgoneft-139” tanker accident) and the Black Sea coast in Russia (area of Novorossiysk sea port) were studied. Long-term (from 6 to 15 years) field observations were carried out there. The oiled samples were analyzed with the use of thin layer and column chromatography, optical and gravimetric methods. The results show that in the course of time, the oil slicks demonstrate an exponential diminution in their size, number and in the ratio of labile hydrocarbons content to conservative asphaltic components content. The half-period of this diminution varies from less than 1 to 12 years, subject to the forms of fuel oil traces and geographical conditions. On the Strait of Kerch coast washed by shallow, slightly salted and highly bio-productive waters of the Sea of Azov the spilled fuel oil tends to disappear twice as rapidly as on French and Spanish coasts of the Atlantic Ocean. The joint examination of the observed rates of oil pollution natural destruction and the geographical conditions of studied sites shows that temperature and seawater salinity are the crucial environmental factors of self-cleaning process.
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Ouzounian, Miray, et Travis Shihao Hu. « Nano-Scale Wettability of Free-Standing Capped Carbon Nanotube Arrays ». Dans ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-23695.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract Countless organisms in nature have adapted high-aspect-ratio micro-/nano-fibrillar arrays on their functional surfaces for achieving special and often optimized functionalities using earthly abundant materials. At the core of nanoscience and nanotechnology, rationally mimicking nature offers a promising route to create multifunctional superstructures that capture organisms and biological materials’ intriguing responsive and self-adjusting properties. Prior work has demonstrated that hierarchical vertically aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube (VA-MCNT) arrays can achieve ten folds of adhesive force comparing to the fibrillar structures of the gecko toe pads. However, little is known with regard to their wettability at the ultimate atomistic level, and how this may influence the adhesive performance and/or self-cleaning capabilities, despite water condensation and bridging are common phenomena at this length scale. In present study, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed using Large-Scale Atomic / Molecular Massively Parallel Simulator (LAMMPS). Results indicate that commonly believed hydrophobic defect free CNTs (i.e., carbon sp2 hybridization without any dangling bonds) become super-hydrophilic at this length/temporal scale. The critical factors that influence the number of H-Bonds in water are: i) tube-tube spacing; and ii) shape/size and position of the water nanodroplet; and iii) how many droplets exists and how many nanotubes are bridged by the droplets. Chirality has little effect on the water interfacial behaviors. Future work will focus on the effect of water condensation and bridging on the adhesive and self-cleaning properties of carbon-based bio-inspired fibrillar dry adhesives considering defects and saline water.
Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Bio-cleaning"
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Rahimipour, Shai, et David Donovan. Renewable, long-term, antimicrobial surface treatments through dopamine-mediated binding of peptidoglycan hydrolases. United States Department of Agriculture, janvier 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597930.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
There is a need for renewable antimicrobial surface treatments that are semi- permanent, can eradicate both biofilms and planktonic pathogens over long periods of time and that do not select for resistant strains. This proposal describes a dopamine binding technology that is inexpensive, bio-friendly, non-toxic, and uses straight-forward commercially available products. The antimicrobial agents are peptidoglycanhydrolase enzymes that are non-toxic and highly refractory to resistance development. The goal of this project is to create a treatment that will be applicable to a wide variety of surfaces and will convey long-lasting antimicrobial activity. Although the immediate goal is to create staphylolytic surfaces, the technology should be applicable to any pathogen and will thus contribute to no less than 3 BARD priorities: 1) increased animal production by protecting animals from invasive and emerging diseases, 2) Antimicrobial food packaging will improve food safety and security and 3) sustainable bio- energy systems will be supported by coating fermentation vats with antimicrobials that could protect ethanolic fermentations from Lactobacillus contamination that reduces ethanol yields. The dopamine-based modification of surfaces is inspired by the strong adhesion of mussel adhesion proteins to virtually all types of surfaces, including metals, polymers, and inorganic materials. Peptidoglycanhydrolases (PGHs) meet the criteria of a surface bound antimicrobial with their site of action being extracellular peptidoglycan (the structural basis of the bacterial cell wall) that when breached causes osmotic lysis. As a proof of principle, we will develop technology using peptidoglycanhydrolase enzymes that target Staphylococcus aureus, a notoriously contagious and antimicrobial-resistant pathogen. We will test for susceptibility of the coating to a variety of environmental stresses including UV light, abrasive cleaning and dessication. In order to avoid resistance development, we intend to use three unique, synergistic, simultaneous staphylococcal enzyme activities. The hydrolases are modular such that we have created fusion proteins with three lytic activities that are highly refractory to resistance development. It is essential to use multiple simultaneous activities to avoid selecting for antimicrobial resistant strains. This strategy is applicable to both Gram positive and negative pathogens. We anticipate that upon completion of this award the technology will be available for commercialization within the time required to achieve a suitable high volume production scheme for the required enzymes (~1-2 years). We expect the modified surface will remain antimicrobial for several days, and when necessary, the protocol for renewal of the surface will be easily applied in a diverse array of environments, from food processing plants to barnyards.