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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « BIO/13 BIOLOGIA APPLICATA MED/04 PATOLOGIA GENERALE »
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Thèses sur le sujet "BIO/13 BIOLOGIA APPLICATA MED/04 PATOLOGIA GENERALE"
Bistulfi, G. L. « Non-random epigenetic silencing of retinoic acid regulated gene networks in human cells ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/33617.
Texte intégralLi, Santi Anna. « Regolazione post-trascrizionale dell’espressione del recettore dell’urochinasi ». Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/2468.
Texte intégralThe urokinase type plasminogen activator (uPAR) is a three domain GPI-anchored cell surface receptor. uPAR expression is strongly up-regulated and represents a negative prognostic factor in various tumors, including hematologic malignancies. uPAR expression is post-transcriptionally regulated by RNA binding proteins (RBPs). RBPs bind specific sequences in the 3’untranslated region (3’UTR) of uPAR-mRNA, stabilizing or destabilizing the transcript. The 3’UTR of transcripts from a large number of genes includes target sequences also for small translational repressors RNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs play key roles in many cellular pathways; their aberrant expression is a common feature of various malignancies. We selected three miRNAs miR-146a, miR-335 and miR-622 that could bind the 3’UTR of uPAR-mRNA; these three miRNAs, as reported in literature, are expressed in CD34+ HSC or in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells and can act as oncosuppressors by inhibiting oncogene expression. We found that selected miRNAs regulate uPAR expression by directly targeting its 3’UTR in AML cell lines. Indeed, uPAR expression is reduced by their overexpression and increased by their specific inhibitors. Overexpression of selected miRNAs impaired cell migration, invasion and proliferation of AML cell lines. Interestingly, we found an inverse relationship between uPAR expression and miR- 146a and miR-335 levels in AML blasts. This suggests their possible role in regulating uPAR expression also in vivo. We also investigated the capability of uPAR-3’UTR to act as competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA). We showed that uPAR-3’UTR overexpression up-regulates uPAR expression and expression of other targets of selected miRNAs; these results suggest that uPAR-3’UTR may recruit selected miRNAs, allowing translation of their targets, thus acting as ceRNA. [edited by Author]
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LIONETTI, MARIA CHIARA. « LAMINOPATHIES : PATHOLOGY, CELL MECHANICS ANDENVIRONMENTAL INDUCTION ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/620532.
Texte intégralABSTRACT The nuclear lamina (NL) is a fibrillary protein network lining the inner surface of the nuclear envelope. It is mainly composed by type V intermediate filaments called lamins and lamin-associated proteins. Three lamin genes are present in Mammals: LMNA, which encodes lamin A and lamin C (Atype lamins), as well as, LMNB1 and LMNB2 that encode lamin B1 and B2 (B-type lamins) respectively. Lamins and LAPs associate to form a dense and dynamic three-dimensional matrix that establishes a huge number of stable and transient interactions with different classes of molecules: DNA, transcription factors, nuclear pore complexes and structural proteins of the cytoskeleton. All of these interactions are essential to provide nuclear structural stability and integrity, to physically and functionally link nuclear lamina to the cytoskeleton and to organizes chromatin. Thus NL, in addition to play a fundamental structural role, it is also a key player in cellular mechanotransduction processes and gene expression and epigenetic regulation. Mutations in genes encoding for lamins are associated with a wide a range of diseases, named laminopathies. Among these, the most interesting one is Hutchison-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS), a rare fatal genetic disorder due to do a point mutation in LMNA. This mutation results in the production of a truncated version of lamina A, lacking 50 amino acids, known as Progerin. HGPS is mainly characterized by morphological changes in the nucleus and premature aging. HGPS patients indeed, from their first years of life, develop pathological conditions typical of the elderly such as cataracts, diabetes and osteoporosis while preserving the normal cognitive functions. These patients typically die from cardiovascular complications around 14 years of age, on average. Considering Hutchinson-Guilford Progeria Syndrome as an extreme example of what nuclear lamina aberration entails, during my PhD I investigated many aspects of nuclear lamina biology with particular regard to the impact of nuclear lamina structural perturbations on cell functions, mechanics, gene expression regulation and the interconnection existing between nuclear lamina integrity, ageing process and oxidative stress. Indeed, to gain a comprehensive picture of nuclear lamina biology in health and disease, it has been adopted interdisciplinary and integrative research strategies able to take into account structural, mechanical and molecular aspects. Bioinformatics study has been performed: public available transcriptomic data of HGPS patients have been analysed with respect of those of healthy matched controls. This analysis allowed to delineate the typical global gene expression profile of HGPS patients and to identify all the deregulated pathways in the presence of the pathology. Moreover, impacts of lamina alterations on its physical and functional connections with extra-nuclear and nuclear elements have been studied in an inducible expression cellular model of the mutated form of Lamin A responsible for HGPS. This cellular model faithfully recapitulates the peculiar cellular phenotype of the HGPS patients resulting to be a valid alternative to primary cell lines deriving from the patients.Finally, the interdependence between oxidative stress, ageing and lamins has been investigated in a novel oxidative stress cellular model developed in our laboratory, that is also efficient in recapitulating typical ageing profile.
Menegollo, Michela. « Specific mitochondrial biogenesis patterns drive nutrient choice in breast cancer subtypes ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3425349.
Texte intégralLe cellule tumorali vanno incontro a profonde modifiche del proprio metabolismo cellulare per assicurarsi un alto tasso di proliferazione (Hanahan D, 2011). I mitocondri sono una sede importante sia per la produzione di energia che per i processi biosintetici, pertanto queste vie devono essere opportunamente coordinate. Molti tipi di cancro esprimono geni mitocondriali in modo eterogeneo, questo probabilmente riflette l’esistenza di diverse vie mitocondriali in grado di fornire diverse capacità di adattamento ad un metabolismo alterato, come lo è il profilo metabolico associato ai tumori. In questo lavoro abbiamo esplorato questa ipotesi nel modello tumorale del cancro alla mammella. Il cancro alla mammella rappresenta una malattia comunemente classificata sulla base di caratteristiche cliniche e patologiche, marcatori istochimici e programmi di trascrizione genica che identificano cinque sottotipi di tumore alla mammella (basal-like, Her2-enriched, Luminal A, Luminal B e normal-like) (Sørlie T et al., 2001; Perou CM et al., 2000). Tuttavia, l’espressione di geni mitocondriali non è stata finora considerata nella classificazione di questi tumori. In questo lavoro definiamo per la prima volta sottotipi tumorali mitocondriali di cancro alla mammella (MTSs), upper fork (UF) e lower fork (LF), definiti sulla base del loro profilo di trascrizione di geni mitocondriali di codificazione nucleare regolati in modo opposto. La classificazione è stata fatta utilizzando l’algoritmo MCbiclust (Bentham et al., 2016, preprint) su un set di geni mitocondriali (MitoCarta, Pagliarini et al., 2008). Dalla caratterizzazione sperimentale di UF e LF sono emerse caratteristiche bioenergetiche e metaboliche distintive. In particolare, in condizioni basali UF ha un maggiore contenuto mitocondriale, caratterizzato da una maggiore espressione dei complessi I e IV della catena respiratoria, che culmina in un tasso di respirazione maggiore. A livello di metabolismo cellulare, UF e LF mostrano un diverso assetto di enzimi metabolici appartenenti a particolari vie del metabolismo intermedio. In particolare le cellule dell’UF esprimono enzimi i cui substrati sono derivati dal glucosio, mentre le cellule di LF preferiscono utilizzare enzimi i cui substrati sono derivati dalla glutammina. Inoltre l’analisi dei flussi metabolici ha confermato la preferenza di substrato determinata dai MTSs per alimentare il ciclo di Krebs. In particolare i mitocondri delle cellule dell’UF preferiscono il piruvato derivato dal glucosio, mentre i mitocondri di LF catabolizzano la glutammina. In aggiunta, sono stati eseguiti esperimenti con concentrazioni di nutrienti ridotte, i quali, in accordo con i risultati precedenti, hanno ulteriormente confermato i substrati preferenzialmente utilizzati dai MTSs per sostenere la funzionalità cellulare. Inoltre gli stessi esperimenti hanno rivelato l’attivazione di diversi programmi di biogenesi mitocondriale indotti dai trattamenti, sia a livello di espressine di proteine mitocondriali che in termini di contenuto di DNA mitocondriale. Complessivamente, il pattern di biogenesi mitocondriale associato ai sottotipi tumorali mitocondriali determina la scelta di nutrienti e programmi metabolici, portando così alla definizione del concetto di preferenza di substrato, il quale fornisce una nuova visione nel campo della riprogrammazione bioenergetica e metabolica del cancro e la possibilità di classificare sottotipi tumorali sulla base dell’espressione dei geni mitocondriali.
Fassone, E. « BIOCHEMICAL AND GENETIC APPROACHES TO UNRAVEL MITOCHONDRIAL COMPLEX I DEFICIENCY ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/169915.
Texte intégralMARTELLUCCI, STEFANO. « Meccanismi molecolari e cellulari che coinvolgono i rafts lipidici e la proteina prionica cellulare nel processo di differenziamento neuronale ». Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/1359381.
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