Bibliographies thématiques / BIO/12

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « BIO/12 »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 11 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "BIO/12"

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Sehgal, Jyoti, et Manoj Kumar. « 12-Bit Clock Gated SAR-ADC for Bio-Medical Applications ». Indian Journal Of Science And Technology 15, no 34 (13 septembre 2022) : 1648–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/v15i34.1033.

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KIGUCHI, Kazuo, Hiroshi SATO et Junichi KARIYA. « BIO-12 SENSORY FEEDBACK OF AN INTELLIGENT ARTIFICIAL ARM(Bio-medical Equipments III,Technical Program of Oral Presentations) ». Proceedings of JSME-IIP/ASME-ISPS Joint Conference on Micromechatronics for Information and Precision Equipment : IIP/ISPS joint MIPE 2009 (2009) : 319–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemipe.2009.319.

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Munarwan, Edi. « KARAKTERISTIK BIO-OIL HASIL PIROLISIS LIMBAH BREM DENGAN VARIASI TEMPERATUR ». JTT (Jurnal Teknologi Terpadu) 7, no 1 (21 mai 2019) : 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32487/jtt.v7i1.552.

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Abstract The increasing number of automotive technology and vehicle cause using fossil fuel also rises. So it is needed alternative fuel as replacement or mixing of the fuel, for keeping the existence so that the crisis of fuel will not happen. Bio-oil is a product resulted from pyrolisis which can be used as solar fuel mixing. Bio-oil is a obtained from brem waste which is processed with pyrolisis technique. Pyrolisis is a substance burning process in high temperature without using oxygen. In this research is using 250oC, 350oC, 450oC and 550oC temperature variation which need 3 hours of time and mass 500 grams. The Bio-oil which is produced by pyrolisis is combined by solar and tested to determine the characteristic. The first trial is done to earn the volume pyrolisis result from each temperature. The second trial uses ASTM D 445-12 method to earn viscosity in 40oC temperature and ASTM D 93-12 method to get flash point. The result of the trial shows the highest volume is earned from 5500C temperature which produce bio-oil around 254 ml. The trial result of 5% bio-oil combination from every temperature is earned the best result from 450oC temperature, while the optimal mixing percentage bio-oil with solar is earned the highest viscosity inmixture of 15% bio-oil which 85% solar around 4,779 mm2/s and the highest flash point is earned from mixture of 5% bio-oil which 95% solar around 61oC. Keywords : bio-oil, pyrolysis, flash point, viscosity AbstrakPeningkatan teknologi otomotif dan jumlah kendaraan yang meningkat menyebabkan penggunaan bahan bakar fosil semakin meningkat. Maka dibutuhkan bakan bakar alternatif sebagai pengganti atau campuran bahan bakar, untuk menjaga agar tidak terjadi krisis bahan bakar. Bio-oil merupakan salah satu produk hasil pirolisis yang dapat digunakan sebagai campuran bahan bakar solar. Bio-oil diperoleh dari limbah brem yang diproses dengan cara pirolisis. Pirolisis merupakan proses pembakaran suatu bahan pada suhu tinggi tanpa oksigen. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan variasi temperatur 250oC, 350oC, 450oC dan 550oC dengan waktu 3 jam dan massa 500 gram. Bio-oil hasil pirolisis divariasikan dengan solar dan diuji untuk mengetahui karakteristiknya. Pengujian pertama dilakukan untuk mendapatkan volume hasil pirolisis dari tiap temperatur. Pengujian kedua menggunakan metode ASTM D 445-12 untuk mendapatkan viskositas pada suhu 40oC dan metode ASTM D 93-12 untuk mendapatkan titik nyala. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan volume tertinggi diperoleh dari temperatur 5500C menghasilkan bio-oil sebanyak 254 ml. Hasil pengujian variasi campuran 5% bio-oil dari tiap temperatur diperoleh hasil yang terbaik yaitu dari temperatur 4500C, sedangkan persentase campuran yang optimal bio-oil dengan solar diperoleh viskositas tertinggi pada campuran 15% bio-oil dengan 85% solar sebesar 4,779 mm2/s dan titik nyala tertinggi diperoleh dari campuran 5% bio-oil dengan 95% solar sebesar 61oC Kata Kunci: : bio-oil, pirolisis, titik nyala, viskositas
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Lim, Shin-Il, Jin Woo Kim, Kwang-Sub Yoon et Sangmin Lee. « A 12-b Asynchronous SAR Type ADC for Bio Signal Detection ». JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science 13, no 2 (30 avril 2013) : 108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5573/jsts.2013.13.2.108.

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Fibria, Milda, Catur Yuliani R et Tri Purnami. « Pembuatan Gemuk Lumas Bio Menggunakan Thickener Berbasis 12-Hsa Produksi Lokal ». Lembaran publikasi minyak dan gas bumi 50, no 1 (24 avril 2016) : 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.29017/lpmgb.50.1.727.

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Gemuk lumas merupakan kombinasi minyak lumas dan bahan pengental (thickener). Thickener memberikan karakteristik kekakuan terhadap gemuk lumas yang merupakan ukuran resistensi terhadap deformasi oleh gaya yang diberikan. Thickener dibuat dengan mereaksikan asam 12-Hidroksistearat (HSA) dan litium hidroksida untuk menghasilkan gemuk lumas yang memiliki resistensi yang tinggi terhadap air. Kebutuhan terhadap asam 12-hidroksistearat (HSA) sebagai bahan thickener gemuk lumas cukup signifi kan. Namun produk ini belum diproduksi di Indonesia, sehingga industri gemuk lumas masih mengandalkan produk impor. Padahal bahan baku yang digunakan yaitu minyak jarak, justru banyak diproduksi di dalam negeri. Sehingga dibuatlah asam 12-hidroksistearat dari minyak jarak yang diproduksi di laboratorium pelumas PPPTMGB Lemigas. Hal ini imaksudkan untuk mengurangi impor 12-HSA, menggantinya dengan produk lokal. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian mengenai pembuatan gemuk lumas bio menggunakan thickener (lokal) berbasis minyak jarak, dapat disimpulkan bahwa, formulasi gemuk lumas bio menggunakan thickener berbasis minyak jarak produk lokal memiliki performa yang setara dengan produk impor. Bahkan apabila dilakukan treatment dengan baik maka akan dapat menghasilkan gemuk lumas yang lebih unggul dibanding penggunaan thickener dengan bahan baku impor. Pemanfaatan minyak jarak dalam penelitian menghasilkan peningkatan TKDN produk mencapai 95%.
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Venkat, R. Batta, P. Keall, A. Sawant et R. George. « SU-FF-J-12 : Respiratory Training Using Audio Visual Bio-Feedback ». Medical Physics 34, no 6Part5 (juin 2007) : 2370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.2760517.

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Taya, Minoru, T. Wada et M. Kusaka. « W05-(12) Bio-inspired Design of Materials for Actuators and Sensors ». Reference Collection of Annual Meeting VIII.03.1 (2003) : 300–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjsm.viii.03.1.0_300.

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Zuijderhoudt, F. M. J., et J. Dorresteijn-de Bok. « Comparison of the Bio-Rad Porphyrin Column Test with a Simple Spectrophotometric Test for Total Urine Porphyrin Concentration ». Annals of Clinical Biochemistry : International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 35, no 3 (mai 1998) : 418–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000456329803500312.

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We compared two screening methods for increased urine porphyrin concentration and compared the results with a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The screening methods were the Bio-Rad (Porphyrin) Column Test and a simple spectrophotometric method. Results were obtained for urines with three different porphyrin patterns. Both screening methods were easy to perform. The accuracy and precision of the spectrophotometric method were both slightly better than that of the Bio-Rad Column Test. Recovery measurements in samples with different porphyrin patterns varied between 73% and 59% ( n = 12) for the spectrophotometric method and between 82% and 116% ( n = 12) for the Bio-Rad Column Test as compared to HPLC. Between batch precision measurements revealed coefficients of variation for spectrophotometric and Bio-Rad methods for 2%–4% and 4%–10%, respectively. The recovery of the porphyrins illustrates the Bio-Rad Column Test to be more susceptible to variation in urine porphyrin composition. Both methods will show satisfactory results in cases of overt porphyria because of the high urine porphyrin concentration.
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Jiwantoro, Yudha Anggit, Rabi’unnisa Sulaimah, Arief Taufikurrahman, Wa’dah Salsabila, Zurriatun Toyyibah et Maruni Wiwin Diarti. « Bio-Porter Sebagai Spesimen Container Transport Alternatif Berbasis Thermoelectric Cooler System ». Bioeduca : Journal of Biology Education 3, no 2 (30 septembre 2021) : 82–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/bioeduca.v3i2.6607.

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Keakuratan hasil laboratorium dipengaruhi oleh stabilitas spesimen selama proses pengiriman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat inovasi berupa spesimen container transport berbasis thermoelectric cooler system yang diberi nama Bio-Porter dalam mempertahankan stabilitas spesimen klinis. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Pra Experimental dengan rancangan penelitian berupa One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Sampel pada penelitian adalah spesimen darah yang diambil dengan teknik accidental sampling pada mahasiswa berjumlah 5 orang yang diberi perlakuan yakni penyimpanan spesimen darah dalam Bio-Porter pada suhu 6℃ selama 12 jam dan 24 jam lalu diukur kadar kolesterol total dan glukosa darah. Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik Oneway Anova diperoleh nilai sig. sebesar 0,857 yang berarti tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna terhadap stabilitas spesimen pada spesimen darah sebelum dan setelah disimpan dalam Bio-Porter suhu 6℃ selama 12 jam dan 24 jam. Sehingga Bio-Porter sebagai specimen container transport berbasis thermoelectric cooler system dapat mempertahankan stabilitas spesimen.
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Redžovoić, Jasmina, Ćazim Crnkić, Muhamed Smajlović et Dinaida Tahirović. « Utjecaj termičke obrade na sadržaj željeza, cinka, bakra i magnezija u mesu junadi iz intenzivnog i ekstenzivnog tova ». Meso 24, no 4 (14 juillet 2022) : 336–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31727/m.24.4.4.

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Cilj ovog rada bio je ispitati utjecaj termičke obrade kuhanjem na sadržaj željeza (Fe), cinka (Zn), bakra (Cu) i magnezija (Mg) u mišićnom tkivu i jetri junadi u ovisnosti od sustava tova iz kojeg životinje potječu. Istraživanje je provedeno na uzorcima mišićnog tkiva (but i plećka) i jetre junadi u dobi od 9 do 12 mjeseci koja su tovljena ekstenzivno (n=12) ili intenzivno (n=12). Svaki uzorak je podijeljen na dva jednaka dijela od kojih je jedan analiziran u sirovom stanju, a drugi nakon termičke obrade kuhanjem u vodi na 100°C. Rezultati su iskazani u apsolutno suhoj tvari mesa. Sadržaj pepela (mineralnog ostataka) u termički obrađenim uzorcima bio je smanjen u odnosu na sirove uzorke, ali to nije bilo praćeno značajmeso junadi, termička obrada, minerali nim promjenama u sadržaju Fe, Zn i Cu u mišićnom tkivu, niti promjenama Zn i Cu u jetri. Termička obrada dovela je do smanjenja sadržaja Mg u svim ispitivanim partijama mesa (za 40-50%), a do smanjenja sadržaja Fe došlo je samo u jetri (za 25-42 %). Učinak termičke obrade na sadržaj ispitivanih minerala u mišićnom tkivu i jetri bio je neovisan od sustava tova, iako su razlike po sustavu tova bile evidentne kod svih ispitivanih minerala, osim kod Fe. Sadržaj Zn u mišićnom tkivu buta junadi iz ekstenzivnog tova bio je manji, a sadržaj Cu veći u odnosu na uzorke buta iz intenzivnog sustava tova. Suprotno od buta, u jetri je sadržaj Cu bio veći kod junadi iz intenzivnog tova. U svim ispitivanim partijama mesa iz ekstenzivnog tova sadržaj Mg je bio značajno veći nego kod junadi iz intenzivnog tova.
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Thèses sur le sujet "BIO/12"

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ROMANI, MARTA. « Analisi dell’interazione fra la proteina non strutturale 5A del virus dell’epatite C e le proteine cellulari ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/481.

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MERLO, PAOLA. « Post-translational modifications regulate p73 functions ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/188.

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TP53 is a tumor suppressor gene whose product is involved in cellular growth inhibition, apoptosis and senescence. Two new classes of proteins recently discovered, p63 and p73 proteins, share with p53 a high structural homology and overlapping yet specific functions. p63 and p73 can be expressed as TA forms that have the Transcriptional Activation Domain, behave as p53-like proteins and show variability at the C-terminus due to alternative splicing. Indeed p63 and p73 can be also expressed from an alternative promoter or by N-terminal alternative splicing and the products are ΔNp73 or ΔTAp73 forms that are truncated at the N-teminus and act as dominant negative proteins of the other p53 family members. Although p53 family proteins share the main functional domains and activate the transcription of a subset of common genes, unlike p53, p73 and p63 do not have clear features of tumor suppressors. Actually their activity is more complex and still not well defined. The entire p73 network of proteins, in fact, is involved in neuronal differentiation, in the apoptotic response to damaging agents (cisplatin, IR, doxorubicin) and in tumorigenesis. TP73 gene is transcriptionally regulated by E2F1, in the G1/S transition and in the DNA damage or oncogenes activated apoptotic response. The p73 protein functions are modulated by posttranslational modifications and protein-protein interactions in different physiopathological cellular contexts. The aim of this PhD thesis has been the characterization of posttranslational modifications that regulate p73 transcriptional functions upon DNA damage and in physiological contexts.
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CORINTI, SILVIA. « Ruolo dell’ossido nitrico sulle funzioni delle cellule dendritiche derivate dai monociti ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/222.

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L’ossido nitrico (NO) ha un ruolo stabilito nella difesa contro le infezioni batteriche e esercita molteplici attività modulatorie sia sulle risposte infiammatorie che immunologiche. Comunque, la rilevanza di NO sulle funzione delle cellule dendritiche (CD) è stata poco investigata. In questo studio, abbiamo trovato che l’aggiunta di un donatore di NO, S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), a CD derivate da monociti maturate con lipopolisaccaride (LPS) o con il ligando solubile di CD40 è legata ad una diminuita capacità di attivare cellule T allogeniche vergini ma con una più prominente polarizzazione di tipo Th1, con un’aumentata secrezione di interferon- (IFN-) e un rilascio ridotto di interleuchina (IL-)5. La presenza di GSNO durante la maturazione delle CD causa una ridotta espressione di superficie di CD86, mentre l’espressione di CD80, di CD83 e delle molecole MHC rimane inalterata. In più, GSNO induce una diminuizione dipendente dalla dose di IL-10 ed aumenta il rilascio di fattore  della necrosi dei tumori (TNF-) da parte di CD mature. In parallelo, si osserva una marcata riduzione di produzione della subunità p40 di IL-12 ma una non significativa perturbazione della produzione della forma bioattiva di IL-12 p70. Infine, GSNO riduce significativamente il rilascio di IP-10/CXCL10 e RANTES/CCL5 ma no di IL-8/CXCL8 da parte delle CD mature. Malgrado GSNO possa rafforzare la capacità delle CD mature di indurre polarizzazione di tipo Th1 dei linfociti T, i nostri dati suggeriscono che induce diverse funzioni anti-infiammatorie, eventualmente riducendo la proliferazione ed il reclutamento dei linfociti T.
Nitric oxide (NO) has an established role in the defense against bacterial infections, and exerts multiple modulatory activities on both inflammatory and immune responses. However, the relevance of NO on dendritic cell (DC) functions has been poorly investigated. In this study, we found that addition of the NO donor S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) to monocyte-derived DCs matured in the presence of LPS led to a decreased capacity to activate naive allogeneic T cells but a more prominent Th1 polarization, with increased IFN- secretion and reduced IL-4 and IL-5 secretion. The presence of GSNO during maturation of DCs caused a reduced expression of surface CD86, whereas CD80, CD83 and MHC molecule expression was not affected. Moreover, GSNO induced a dose-dependent decrease of IL-10 and enhancement of TNF- release. In parallel, a marked reduction of IL-12 p40 subunit in the supernatant of mature DCs, but no significant perturbation of the bioactive IL-12 p70 production was observed. Finally, GSNO significantly reduced the release of IP-10/CXCL10 and RANTES/CCL5, but not IL-8/CXCL8 by DCs. Although GSNO can strengthen the capacity of mature DCs to induce type 1 polarization of T lymphocytes, our data suggest that it elicits distinct anti-inflammatory functions, eventually reducing T lymphocyte proliferation and recruitment.
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VALERIANI, FIORENZA. « Produzione di una libreria sintetica di scFv-VH su fago T7 : un metodo per l'individuazione di stabili anticorpi ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/904.

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Gli anticorpi ricombinanti oggi rappresentano una potente tecnologia che può essere utilizzata per diversi scopi, che vanno dall’utilizzo come reagenti immunocitochimici, alla medicina per applicazioni cliniche sperimentali e sono tra le più sicure applicazioni per l’individuazione di malattie autoimmuni infiammatorie e tumorali. Oggi è possibile ottenere anticorpi monoclonali mediante procedimenti d’ingegneria genetica, rendendo del tutto inutile l’utilizzo di animali e cellule somatiche. Ciò è possibile attraverso il clonaggio e l’espressione su fagi filamentosi di geni VH-VL fino all’isolamento di frammenti immunoglobulinici (single chain fragment variable, scFv), capaci di legarsi unicamente all’antigene d’interesse. Inoltre, è possibile assemblare delle collezioni di fagi modificati attraverso mutagenesi nei geni delle regioni ipervariabili, chiamate librerie fagiche anticorpali, che consentono di selezionare in vitro anticorpi monoclonali ricombinanti umani sotto forma di scFv, specifici per una larga varietà di antigeni. Recenti studi sono stati mirati all’utilizzo di scFv a singolo dominio VH per applicazioni terapeutiche, mirati a migliorare la stabilità e la solubilità degli scFv a livello intracellulare. Nel nostro lavoro si è cercato di approfondire e migliorare la selezione anticorpale attraverso la metodica del phage display, creando una valida alternativa di screening rispetto all’utilizzo dei fagi filamentosi, sfruttando il ciclo litico del fago T7. Si è formata una libreria scFv-VH su fago litico T7 e testata la sua validità contro l’antigene in precedenza utilizzato per selezioni con fagi filamentosi, l’Ubiquitina bovina. Gli studi effettuati dimostrano che dalla libreria fagica anticorpale su fago T7 scFv-VH creata, è possibile isolare anticorpi monoclonali con gli stessi risultati, ma in tempi molto rapidi rispetto all’utilizzo della metodologia di selezione su fagi filamentosi M13.
Recombinant antibodies represent a powerful technology which can be used for different goals, such as immunocytochemical reagents or experimental clinical applications. They constitute one of the most reliable and safest applications for identifying autoimmune inflammatory diseases and cancer diseases. At present, it is possible to obtain monoclonal antibodies through genetic engineering procedures, without the use of animals or somatic cells which, thanks to these new technologies, comes to be unnecessary. This is possible through the cloning and the expression on filamentous phages of VH-VL genes, and through the isolation of immunoglobulin fragments (single chain fragment variable, scFv) from antibodies’ libraries built on filamentous phages. Furthermore, it is possible to assembly phages collections, modified through mutagenesis on hypervariable regions genes (called antibodies phages libraries), which allow to select in vitro human recombinant monoclonal antibodies in shape of scFv, specific for a wide range of antigens. Recent studies aim to use single domain VH scFv for therapeutic applications and for improving the stability and the solubility of scFv at intracellular level. In our research we try to deepen and develop antibody selections through the phage display method, by presenting a valid screening alternative to the use of filamentous phages and by taking advantage of the phage T7 lytic cycle. A new library scFv-VH on phage has been assembled on lytic phage T7 and its validity has been tested on the antigen bovine Ubiquitine, previously used for filamentous phages selections. The studies carried out demonstrate that, by employing our antibody phage library on phage T7 scFv-VH, it is possible to isolate monoclonal antibodies and achieving results comparable to the ones obtained by using the traditional methodology of selection on filamentous phages M13, but in very short time.
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BAQUE, MICKAEL. « Endurance and biosignatures of the extremophilic cyanobacterium Chroococcidiopsis sp. under space and Martian simulations in the frame of the EXPOSE-R2 space mission (BOSS and BIOMEX) ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/202002.

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GERBINO, VALERIA. « Functional interaction of FUS with SMN : a common pathogenic pathway in two motor neuron diseases ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/202169.

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Motor neuron diseases (MNDs) form a heterogeneous group of pathologies characterised by the progressive degeneration of motor neurons. More and more genetic factors associated with MND encode proteins that have a function in RNA metabolism, suggesting that disturbed RNA metabolism could be a common underlying problem in several, perhaps all, forms of MND, even if the particular step in RNA metabolism that is vulnerable in motor neurons remains unknown. FUS, a nuclear protein supposed to have several functions in DNA and RNA metabolism, forms cytoplasmic aggregates in cells affected by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and mutations disturbing the nuclear import of FUS cause the disease. We engineered mouse motorneuronal NSC34 cells to express wild-type FUS, as well as variants mutated in the C-terminal region and associated to familial ALS (R514G, R521G), a combination of the two single mutants (R514G/R521G), and a truncation mutant associated to a juvenile and aggressive form of familial ALS (R495X), and we showed that our cellular model well recapitulates the FUS-ALS phenotype of mislocalisaton and aggregation. It is extremely likely that the FUS cytoplasmic aggregates are cytotoxic because they trap important factors; the nature of these factors, however, remains to be elucidated. In this study we showed that mutated FUS colocalise with Stress Granules upon oxidative stress induction. Most importantly, mis-localised, aggregated FUS colocalises and associates with SMN, the causative factor in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). SMN is known to have a crucial role in the biogenesis and localisation of the spliceosomal snRNPs, which are essential assembly modules of the splicing machinery. Our results indicate that FUS and SMN work on the same pathway, as FUS binds to SMN and to spliceosomal snRNPs downstream of the SMN function. Pathogenic FUS mutations do not disturb snRNP binding. Instead, cytoplasmic mislocalisation of FUS causes partial mis-localisation of snRNAs to the cytoplasm, which in turn causes a change in the behaviour of the alternative splicing machinery. FUS, and especially its mutations, thus have a similar effect as SMN1 deletion in SMA, suggesting that motor neurons could indeed be particularly sensitive to changes in alternative splicing and that such alterations could represent a common pathogenic patway for ALS, SMA and – perhaps – other MNDs.
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DRAGONI, MASSIMILIANO. « Fisiopatologia dell’ipotrofia muscolare nel piede torto congenito idiopatico : studio preliminare ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/203068.

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Scopo dello studio: Analizzare dal punto di vista immunoistochimico l’attività rigenerativa e delle cellule satellite a livello delle fibre muscolari e della giunzione muscolo-tendinea (MTJ) dei muscoli della gamba nel piede torto congenito idiopatico, al fine di studiare il ruolo di tali strutture nella fisiopatologia della deformità. Materiali e metodi: Sono stati ottenuti 8 campioni di muscolo e MTJ dal materiale di scarto di 8 pazienti con età compresa tra i 4 ed i 7 anni, che sono stati sottoposti ad intervento chirurgico di allungamento del tendine di Achille e trasposizione del tendine del tibiale anteriore dal primo al terzo cuneiforme, al fine di correggere la recidiva del piede torto congenito. I campioni di tessuto ottenuti sono stati valutati dal punto di vista morfologico ed immunoistochimico. Nello specifico, dopo adeguato trattamento sono stati incubati con i seguenti anticorpi: anti-MSTN, anti-BMP2, antiPAX7, anti-miogenina e anti-CD44. La differenza dei risultati tra le fibre muscolari e la MTJ è stata analizzata dal punto di vista statistico. Valori di p<0,05 sono stati considerati statisticamente significativi. Risultati: L’espressione dei marcatori studiati è stata valutata mediante la conta del numero di cellule positive su 10 campi ad alto ingrandimento o High Power Field (HPF) sia a livello del tessuto muscolare che della MTJ. Il numero medio delle cellule positive alla miostatina a livello del tessuto muscolare è stato di 103,6±76,5, mentre a livello della MTJ il numero medio delle cellule positive alla miostatina è stato di 84±73,2; la differenza non risultava statisticamente significativa (p=0,78). Il numero medio delle cellule positive alla BMP2 a livello del tessuto muscolare è stato di 148,4±151,5, mentre a livello della MTJ il numero medio delle cellule positive alla BMP2 è stato di 42±64,1; la differenza risultava statisticamente significativa (p<0,05). Il numero medio delle cellule positive al PAX7, al CD44 e alla miogenina a livello del tessuto muscolare è stato rispettivamente di 86,6±26,5, 21±11,1 e 40,8±22,8. A livello della MTJ invece, il numero medio delle cellule positive al Pax7, al CD44 e alla miogenina è stato rispettivamente di 178,8±49,1, 147,4±55,1 e 105,6±48,8; per tutti e tre gli anticorpi la differenza era statisticamente significativa (p<0,05). Conclusioni: I nostri dati sono al momento preliminari in quanto non abbiamo potuto compare i risultati con campioni di controllo sani della stessa età dei bambini con PTC. Il presente studio tuttavia suggerisce come sia il muscolo che la MTJ presentino possibili anomalie a livello dei pathway che regolano la miogenesi e la 4 rigenerazione muscolare. Mentre un’alterazione della normale interazione tra MSTN e BMP signalling potrebbe giocare un ruolo importante nell’induzione dell’ipotrofia muscolare nel PTC e nell’infiltrazione di tessuto adiposo, la MTJ potrebbe avere un ruolo compensatorio nei confronti della stessa ipotrofia.
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GNANI, DANIELA. « Molecular nexus between fak and ezh2 from fatty liver to hepatocellular carcinoma ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/203070.

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L’acronimo NAFLD (“non-alcoholic fatty liver disease”) comprende sia la condizione di steatosi epatica semplice sia la steatoepatite non-alcoolica (NASH: “non-alcoholic steatohepatitis”) caratterizzata da necroinfiammazione e dalla possibile presenza di fibrosi epatica. È stato dimostrato che la NASH può talvolta progredire fino a determinare l’insorgenza di cirrosi e/o di epatocarcinoma cellulare (HCC). Negli ultimi anni, numerosi studi hanno evidenziato un sostanziale aumento nel numero di casi con HCC correlato alla NAFLD, sia in presenza che in assenza di cirrosi epatica. Indipendentemente dall’eziologia, durante il processo di epatocarcinogenesi, numerose vie di trasduzione del segnale e di controllo di espressione genica risultano essere alterate. Tuttavia, i meccanismi molecolari alla base della progressione della NAFLD verso un suo fenotipo pro-carcinogenico non risultano ancora del tutto chiariti. Tra le numerose proteine coinvolte nell’insorgenza e nella progressione dell’HCC, la proteina FAK (Focal Adhesion Kinase) è spesso trovata overespressa o iper-fosforilata in pazienti affetti da tumore, suggerendo un ruolo chiave per questa proteina nell’induzione del fenotipo neoplastico. Recentemente, anche la metil-transferasi EZH2 è stata associata al processo di epatocarcinogenesi e, in particolare, un recente studio ha evidenziato una correlazione positiva tra l’over-espressione di FAK ed EZH2 e l’aggressività del tumore in pazienti affetti da neoplasia endometriale, suggerendo un potenziale collegamento tra le due proteine. In questo studio, pertanto, abbiamo volto l’attenzione al ruolo di FAK ed EZH2 in modelli in vitro ed in vivo di NAFLD o di HCC. Gli esperimenti condotti sia sul modello in vitro che sul modello in vivo di NAFLD, hanno mostrato un aumento significativo della proteina FAK, della sua fosforilazione in tirosina 397 e della sua proteina target Paxillina. Tuttavia, il silenziamento di FAK in una linea cellulare di epatoblastoma umano è risultato essere associato con l’attivazione del processo di de novo lipogenesis e con un conseguente aumento dell’accumulo lipidico intra-cellulare. D’altro canto, gli esperimenti condotti su un modello murino di progressione della NAFLD verso l’HCC hanno evidenziato che livelli di FAK e della sua fosforilazione in tirosina 397 aumentavano parallelamente alla progressione del danno epatico fino all’insorgenza dei noduli tumorali. Abbiamo inoltre dimostrato, per la prima volta, il coinvolgimento di EZH2 nella NAFLD, riportando una correlazione inversa tra l’espressione di EZH2 e il grado di severità della malattia. Infine, un modello murino di epatocarcinoma è stato utilizzato per caratterizzare il ruolo di FAK nell’epatocarcinogenesi. In particolare, i nostri dati dimostrano che il silenziamento di FAK riduce drasticamente la crescita del tumore che esprime anche livelli più bassi di EZH2. Allo stesso modo, studi in vitro hanno evidenziato l’azione anti-proliferativa/pro-apoptotica del silenziamento di FAK in cellule di HCC. Entrando nel merito del potenziale meccanismo molecolare che potrebbe connetter le due proteine di nostro interesse, nelle cellule silenziate per FAK abbiamo riscontrato una riduzione del trascritto, della localizzazione nucleare e dell’attività di trimetilazione di EZH2. Sulla base di ulteriori risultati abbiamo dimostrato che p53 e E2F2/3 sono coinvolti nella regolazione della trascrizione di EZH2 mediata da FAK. Pertanto, in conclusione, in questo studio abbiamo dimostrato il ruolo chiave di FAK nella NAFLD e nell’epatocarcinoma, e abbiamo fornito evidenze dell’esistenza di una inter-connessione tra le proteine FAK ed EZH2, suggerendo p53 e E2F2/3 come possibili mediatori.
NAFLD is one of the most common liver disease worldwide and it encompasses a wide range of liver injuries, ranging from simple steatosis (non-alcoholic fatty liver “NAFL”) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (“NASH”). NASH can be sometimes associated with hepatic fibrosis and may potentially progress to irreversible cirrhosis and in some cases to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The number of HCC new cases with a NAFD-dependent aetiology has strongly increased during the last decade but the molecular mechanisms regulating NAFLD-related hepatocarcinogenesis remain to be explored yet. Among all the factors involved in HCC onset and progression different epigenetic mechanisms and signalling pathways, affecting cell homeostasis (e.g. cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion) may play a major role, but their action in NAFLD is still obscure and their connection with hepatocarcinogenesis is unknown. Interestingly, the focal adhesion tyrosine kinase (FAK) is often found overexpressed or hyper-phosphorylated in HCC patients suggesting a key role of this protein in the control of cancer cells behaviour. Similarly, the methyltransferase EZH2 has been recently associated with the process of hepato-carcinogenesis. Further, a recent study reported a positive correlation between FAK and EZH2 expression and their association with tumour aggressiveness in endometrial cancer. Therefore, a potential direct/indirect interplay between these proteins might affect the development of different tumours, including HCC. In this study, we point to investigate the role of FAK and EZH2 in in vitro and in vivo models of diet-induced NAFLD and of HCC. Our results demonstrated an increased expression of Tyr-397 phosphorylated FAK and of its target paxillin in vivo and in vitro NAFLD. Moreover, the silencing of FAK also promoted increased lipid accumulation via the activation of the de novo lipogenesis pathway in HepG2 cells. Interestingly, in a model of NAFLD-induced HCC, both total and pTyr397 FAK correlated with disease severity. We reported the first evidence of EZH2 connection to NAFLD observing a down-regulation of EZH2 in our in vitro and in vivo models. Furthermore, the pharmacological inhibition of EZH2 worsened liver steatosis and inflammation. Results obtained from human HCC xenografts on NOD/SCID micrevealed a crucial role of FAK in HCC development and progression. Accordingly, we found that silencing of FAK reduced cell proliferation and invasion, and induced apoptosis in HCC cells. Additionally, we demonstrated that the silencing of FAK critically affected EZH2 transcription, nuclear localization and H3K27 tri-methylation activity. Importantly, we found that p53 and E2F2/3 are key mediators of FAK-dependent effects on EZH2 expression/activity. In conclusion, we demonstrated a master role of FAK in NAFLD and HCC and provided strong evidence of its connection with EZH2, introducing a new protein network active in the control of cancer cells’ proliferation, in which p53 and E2F may act as mediators.
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ADANTI, SARA. « Molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis : identification of new targets for diagnosis and therapy ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/203330.

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La proteina Translationally Controlled Tumor Protein (TCTP) svolge un importante ruolo come fattore di sopravvivenza nelle cellule tumorali ed è overespressa nelle cellule di carcinoma mammario scarsamente differenziato. TCTP è un target specifico della Diidroartemisinina (DHA). La DHA è il principale metabolita dell’Artemisinina, il principio attivo estratto dalla Artemisia annua L. La DHA è attualmente utilizzata come farmaco antimalarico. Recentemente, è stata inoltre dimostrata l’efficacia della DHA come antitumorale. In questo studio abbiamo valutato l’effetto antitumorale della DHA su lineee cellulari di carcinoma della mammella presentanti fenotipo altamente aggressivo, come le linee cellulari MDA-MB-231 ed SKBR3. I nostri risultati mostrano che la DHA inibisce la crescita delle cellule tumorali della mammella ed induce apoptosi, attraverso la riduzione dei livelli di espressione della forma fosforilata della TCTP. Inoltre, abbiamo dimostrato che la DHA aumenta l’efficacia dei farmaci comunemente utilizzati nella terapia antitumorale, come la Doxorubicina e il Trastuzumab. I dati ottenuti da questo studio suggeriscono che la fosfo-TCTP può rappresentare un nuovo bersaglio terapeutico per il trattamento del cancro della mammella. Inoltre, il trattamento combinatoriale con la DHA e i convenzionali chemioterapici potrebbe rappresentare una nuova potenziale strategia terapeutica per il cancro della mammella.
Translationally Controlled Tumor Protein (TCTP) is a survival factor in tumor cells overexpressed in poorly differentiated breast cancer cells. TCTP is a specific target of Dihydroartemisinin (DHA). DHA is a metabolite of Artemisinin, the active principle of Artemisia annua L. DHA is an anti-malaria drug with antitumor properties. We studied the effect of DHA on human breast cancer cell lines (such as MDA-MB-231 and SKBR3 cells) with more aggressive phenotype. Our results show that DHA inhibits breast cancer cells growth and induces apoptosis by reducing the levels of the phosphorylated form of TCTP. We also show that DHA improves the antitumor effect of the conventional chemotherapy drugs, such as Doxorubicin and Trastuzumab. Altogether, these results suggest that phospho-TCTP is a novel therapeutic target for breast cancer cells. DHA in combination with conventional chemotherapeutics is a novel strategy to treat breast cancer
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FIANCO, GIULIA. « Characterization of a novel tumorigenic role of caspace 8 ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/202045.

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Caspase 8 is a well characterized protein that plays a pivotal role transducing the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. A hallmark of tumor cell is resistance to apoptosis; this feature is the result of several molecular aberrations in signalling pathways involved in the control and execution of cell death. In this context, Caspase 8 can represent a good target as its loss of function may severely impinge on apoptosis. Surprisingly, its expression is lost only in a small percentage of tumors, indicating that the retention of Caspase 8 expression in some tumors may be well tolerated and suggesting that it may even positively contribute to tumour progression. Consistent with this introduction, in the first part of this this project we show evidences supporting the idea that Caspase 8 expression may promote cell transformation in hepatocarcinoma and in glioblastoma cellular models. Interestingly, we could show that Src kinase, aberrantly activated in these cancer cellular models, may drive Caspase 8 phosphorylation on Tyr380. Using a cancer cellular model characterized by Src constitutive activation engineered to express either Caspase 8-wt or Caspase 8-Y380F we provide evidence that Caspase 8 expression and phosphorylation on Tyr380 but not its enzymatic activity promote in vitro cell transformation, Rac activation and resistance to anoikis. To further investigate the requirement for Caspase 8 expression in tumor progression we focused our studies on glioblastoma cellular models. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM multiforme) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor in the adult nervous system and it is associated with a poor prognosis. Interestingly in this tumor a major role is played by the ability of cancer cells to strongly modulate tumor microenvironment by secreting interleukines and cytokines that overall sustain cancer cell survival and promote neo-angiogenesis. In the second part of the project we provide evidence that the inhibition of Caspase 8 expression, obtained by RNA interference, severely downregulates the mRNA levels and the production of IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, MCP-1 and VEGF-A by glioblastoma cell lines. Consistently it impairs in vivo angiogenesis and in vitro proliferation and capillary tube-like network formation on matrigel triggered by conditioned media of cultured cells. How Caspase 8 is able to modulate the expression of these factors has not been elucidated yet. A possible molecular mechanism contemplates Caspase 8 interaction with NF-kB pathway. Several studies suggest an important role for nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) signalling in glioblastoma and implicate NF-kB activation as an important driver of the malignant phenotype that confers a negative prognosis in patients and resistance to therapeutic treatments, supporting the importance of a role of NF-kB to promote aggressiveness, invasion, neo-angiogenesis in this tumor. Importantly, previous studies have shown that NF-kB transcription factor may promote the expression of IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, MCP-1 and VEGF-A. Moreover, it has been suggested that Caspase 8 may promote NF-kB activity. We demonstrate that Caspase 8 supports NF-kB nuclear translocation also in glioblastoma cell lines and provide evidence for a possible role of its phosphorylation on Tyr380.
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Livres sur le sujet "BIO/12"

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Misty, Blowers, et Sisti Alex F, dir. Evolutionary and bio-inspired computation : Theory and applications : 12-13 April 2007, Orlando, Florida, USA. Bellingham, Wash : SPIE, 2007.

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Dominik, Ślęzak, et FGIT 2009 (2009 : Cheju Island, Korea), dir. Bio-science and bio-technology : International conference, BSBT 2009 held as part of the Future Generation Information Technology Conference, FGIT 2009 Jeju Island, Korea, December 10-12, 2009 : proceedings. Berlin : Springer, 2009.

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Joan, Cabestany, dir. Bio-inspired systems : Computational and ambient intelligence : 10th International Work-Conference on Artificial Neural Networks, IWANN 2009, Salamanca, Spain, June 10-12, 2009 : proceedings. Berlin : Springer-Verlag, 2009.

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Keith, Brew, dir. Advances in gene technology : Protein engineering and production : proceedings of the 1988 Miami Bio/Technology Winter Symposium, Miami, Florida, USA, February 8-12, 1988. Oxford [Oxfordshire] : IRL Press, 1988.

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Infante, Alberto. 12+1 : Una antología de poetas madrileñ@s actuales. Madrid : Endymión Ediciones, 2012.

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Pirinska, Lili︠a︡na. Prof. Beni︠u︡ T︠S︡onev (12.I.1863 - 5.X.1926) : Biobibliografii︠a︡. Lovech : Izd-vo. Infovizhŭn, 2008.

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12 en la literatura dominicana : Del postumismo al pluralismo. Santo Domingo, República Dominicana : CPEP, Comisión Permanente de Efemérides Patrias, 2015.

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J, Lasek Raymond, et Black Mark M, dir. Intrinsic determinants of neuronal form and function : Proceedings of a Meeting on Intrinsic Determinants of Neuronal Form and Function, held at the Bio-architectonics Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, May 12-14, 1986. New York : Liss, 1988.

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Harold, Bloom. American women fiction writers, 1900-1960. Philadelphia : Chelsea House Publishers, 1997.

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Peterson, Leif E. Computational Intelligence Methods for Bioinformatics and Biostatistics : 9th International Meeting, CIBB 2012, Houston, TX, USA, July 12-14, 2012 Revised Selected Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "BIO/12"

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Yue, Hangbo, et Peter S. Shuttleworth. « CHAPTER 12. Bio-based Switchable Adhesives for Carpet Tiles ». Dans Green Chemistry Series, 285–309. Cambridge : Royal Society of Chemistry, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788012997-00285.

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Kedir, Miftah F. « Pyrolysis Bio-oil and Bio-char Production from Firewood Tree Species for Energy and Carbon Storage in Rural Wooden Houses of Southern Ethiopia ». Dans African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1313–29. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_183.

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AbstractThe need for emission reduction for climate management had triggered the application of pyrolysis technology on firewood that yield bio-oil, bio-char, and syngas. The purpose of present study was to select the best bio-oil and bio-char producing plants from 17 firewood tree species and to quantify the amount of carbon storage. A dried and 1 mm sieved sample of 150 g biomass of each species was pyrolyzed in assembled setup of tubular furnace using standard laboratory techniques. The bio-oil and bio-char yields were 21.1–42.87% (w/w) and 23.23–36.40% (w/w), respectively. The bio-oil yield of Acacia seyal, Dodonea angustifolia, Euclea schimperi, Eucalyptus globulus, Casuarina equisetifolia, and Grevillea robusta were over 36% (w/w), which make the total yield of bio-oil and bio-char over 62% (w/w) of the biomass samples instead of the 12% conversion efficiency in traditional carbonization. The calorific value of firewood was 16.31–19.66 MJ kg–1 and bio-oil was 23.3–33.37 MJ kg–1. The use of bio-oil for household energy and bio-char for carbon storage reduced end use emission by 71.48–118.06%, which could increase adaptation to climate change in comparison to open stove firewood by using clean fuel and reducing indoor pollution.
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Webb, Michael E., Robin S. Bon et Megan H. Wright. « Chapter 12. Site-specific Protein Modification and Bio-orthogonal Chemistry ». Dans Chemical and Biological Synthesis, 313–56. Cambridge : Royal Society of Chemistry, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788012805-00313.

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Liu, Jun, Stefan Willför et Chunlin Xu. « Chapter 12. Tuning Microscopic and Mechanical Properties of Bio-based Aerogels ». Dans Green Chemistry Series, 201–19. Cambridge : Royal Society of Chemistry, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781782629979-00201.

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Rojas, Vicente, Francisco Salinas, Leonardo Guzman-Zamora, Andrés Romero, Verónica Delgado et Luis F. Larrondo. « 12 Exploiting Fungal Photobiology as a Source of Novel Bio-blocks for Optogenetic Systems ». Dans Genetics and Biotechnology, 297–318. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49924-2_12.

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Sawpan, M. A. « Bio-polyurethane and Others ». Dans Industrial Applications of Biopolymers and their Environmental Impact, 272–91. Boca Raton : CRC Press ; Taylor & Francis Group, [2020] | “A Science Publishers book.” : CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315154190-12.

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Ludwig, Ryan. « The Bio-Physical Dwelling ». Dans Beyond Sustainable, 250–78. New York, NY : Routledge, 2021. : Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429279058-12.

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Kennedy Vieira, Raimundo, Adalena Kennedy Vieira et Anil Narayan Netravali. « Application of the Rosin from White Pitch (Protium heptaphyllum) for use as Wood Adhesive ». Dans Bio-based Wood Adhesives, 280–92. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, [2016] | “A science publishers book.” : CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315369242-12.

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Bergschmidt, Viktoria. « 12. Bio-Macht und die liberale Regierung »ausländischer Drogenabhängiger« ». Dans Konstruktionen »verworfener« Subjekte, 515–44. Psychosozial-Verlag, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.30820/9783837966213-515.

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« CHAPTER 12. Polymer Functionalized Graphene in Biomedical and Bio-technological Applications ». Dans Polymer Functionalized Graphene, 357–425. Cambridge : Royal Society of Chemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788019675-00357.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "BIO/12"

1

Sabo, Chelsea, Mary Mullen et Andrea Burrows. « Teaching Bio-Inspired Engineering in K-12 Schools ». Dans Infotech@Aerospace 2011. Reston, Virigina : American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-1601.

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« Session 12 Overview : Monolithic System for Robot and Bio Applications ». Dans 2022 IEEE International Solid- State Circuits Conference (ISSCC). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isscc42614.2022.9731756.

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Amochkina, Tatiana, Daniel Hahner, Michael Trubetskov, Hadil Kassab, Ioachim Pupeza, Ferenc Krausz et Vladimir Pervak. « Ultra-Broadband Near-Infrared/Mid-Infrared Beamsplitter for Bio-Medical Laser Applications ». Dans Optical Interference Coatings. Washington, D.C. : Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oic.2022.ta.11.

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A novel ultra-broadband beamsplitter operating in the near-infrared range around 1030 nm and in the mid-infrared range 3-12 µm for bio-medical laser applications was designed and produced. Thin-film materials were ZnS and YbF3.
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Habib, Md Ahasan, et Bashir Khoda. « A Rheological Study of Bio-Ink : Shear Stress and Cell Viability ». Dans ASME 2021 16th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2021-63996.

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Abstract 3D bio-printing is an emerging technology to fabricate tissue scaffold in-vitro through the controlled allocation of biomaterial and cell, which can mimic the in-vivo counterpart of living tissue. Live cells are often encapsulated into the biomaterials (i.e., bio-ink) and extruded by controlling the printing parameters. The functionality of the bioink depends upon three factors: (a) printability, (b) shape fidelity, and (c) bio-compatibility. Increasing viscosity will improve the printability and the shape fidelity; but will require higher applied extrusion pressure, which is detrimental to the living cell dwelling in the bio-ink, which is often ignored in bio-ink optimization process. In this paper, we demonstrate a roadmap to develop and characterize bio-inks ensuring the printability, shape fidelity, and cell survivability, simultaneously. The pressure exerted on the bio-ink during extrusion processes is measured analytically and the information is incorporated in the rheology design of the bio-ink. Cell-laden filament is fabricated with Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK 293) cell and analyzed the cell viability. The overall cell viability of the filament fabricated with 8 psi and 12 psi is 90% and 74% respectively. Additionally, a crossectional live-dead assay of the printed filament with HEK 293 cell is performed which demonstrates the spatial pattern that matches our findings as well.
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Guha, Subhajit, Marco Lisker, Andreas Trusch, Alexander Wolf, Chafik Meliani et Christian Wenger. « 12 GHz CMOS MEMS Lab-on-chip System for Detection of Concentration of Suspended Particles in Bio-suspensions ». Dans International Conference on Biomedical Electronics and Devices. SCITEPRESS - Science and and Technology Publications, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0005219300490057.

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Kakihara, Takahiro, et Kiyoshi Yanagihara. « Development of Bio-Mass Fuel for Small Displacement Engine to Reduce CO2 : Feasibility of Disposed Alcoholic Beverages as Bio-Mass Source ». Dans ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2011-54736.

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This study deals with bio-ethanol distilled from disposed alcoholic beverages. Through the various experiments while using a small displacement engine which is equipped with electric fuel injection (E.F.I.) system, the feasibility of the disposed alcoholic beverages; leftover-beer is investigated as one of the bio-mass sources. Currently bio-masses are classified into the following seven bio-mass sources, livestock excreta, sewage sludge, human waste sludge, waste of food, agricultural residue, wood-based (wood chips) bio-mass and crops. In those bio-mass sources, the authors pay their attention to the amount of leftover-beer after a banquet. Our investigation clarifies that about 12 l of beer is left and disposed after a banquet of 150 people. Since beer contains 5% alcohols, 600 cc of ethanol can be obtained without fermentation process. Thus in order to obtain alcohol as a fuel, in collaboration with some hotels, leftover-beer is collected. As to a fuel, higher concentration of distilled alcoholic beverages is preferable. Therefore a new double distillation system is developed to separate water, and 85.9% bio-ethanol fuel is produced from 5% alcoholic density of leftover-beer. The ethanol evaporation characteristic of this bio-ethanol is investigated, it is equal to 98% ethanol reagent. This showed that it can be mixed with gasoline. Also, in order to confirm its performance as a fuel, the obtained ethanol is experimented with 121 cc of small displacement engine which is equipped with E.F.I. system. The results of this experiment are compared to unleaded gasoline and showed that it has the same performance of engine power, especially in case of before top dead center (B.T.D.C.) 15.0 deg.. We also calculated the volume of CO2 emission discharged in distilled ethanol under driving conditions B.T.D.C. 15.0 deg., 4000 rpm, for 1 hour. The CO2 production of distilled ethanol is 34.4 kgCO2, on the other hand, CO2 production of unleaded gasoline is 2.82 kgCO2. This result shows that the system with high energy efficiency to separate ethanol and water is desired. Furthermore, the density of acetaldehyde from exhaust gas is analyzed. An extremely low reading of 28 ppm is obtained. The results prove the effect of acetaldehyde to the human body is negligible. Finally, employing 50 cc motorcycles with our developed E.F.I. system, experiment with bio-mass ethanol is executed. The results proved the feasibility of our developed bio-ethanol can be a new low emission bio-mass source.
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Tomar, Aishwarya, et AK Shankhwar. « Design and Performance Investigation of Symmetrical Dual Gate Doping-less TFET for Biomolecule Recognition ». Dans International Conference on Women Researchers in Electronics and Computing. AIJR Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.114.72.

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This manuscript presents a dielectric modulated doping-less dual metal Gate Tunnel Field Effect Transistor (DL-DMG-TFET) sensor. In which a nano-cavity is presented above the tunnelling point to recognize the bio-molecule like amino acids (AAs), protein, and so on the proposed P+ and N+ sections are invented relying on the electrode's work-function on silicon body. The impacts of metal work regulation, cavity length and thickness variety are investigated for improving band-to-band tunnelling probability at the source-channel intersection. The proposed structure shows perceptible affectability results for neutral and charged biomolecules. The sensitivity of the higher dielectric constant bio-molecules are higher as compared to bio-molecule having lower dielectric constant; the drain current sensitivity of the Gelatin (k=12) is assessed as which is 13% and 35% higher than the affectability of Keratin (k=10) and Bacteriophage T7 (k=5) separately at the nano-cavity length of 30 nm.
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Sheikh, Yahya, Mohamed Gadalla, Muhammed Umair, Elmehaisi Mehaisi et Ahmed Azmeer. « Effect of Adding Graphene Nano-Platelets With Surfactants on Bio-Based PCM Characteristics and its Cooling Performance ». Dans ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-24373.

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Abstract Phase change materials (PCM) are materials that absorb/release large amounts of thermal energy at constant temperatures during phase change. Consequently, PCMs could be effective when electronic cooling systems such as heat sinks and heat pipes are considered. In the selection of PCMs for cooling systems, bio-based PCMs are more effective when compared to inorganic PCM. However, bio-based PCMs have poor thermal conductivity and therefore suffer from poor heat transfer characteristics. The diffusion of certain additives within the PCM has proven successful in the enhancement of heat transfer during the cooling process. Graphene Nanoplatelets (GNPs) presents itself as one such additive. Using PureTemp PCM as a heat sink for an electric heater, this paper experimentally investigates the cooling performance of the heat sink when GnPs and various surfactants such as, SDS, SDBS and SSL, are added to the bio-based PCM. Finally, results indicate that the addition of GnPs increased the time taken for the heater to reach a reference temperature of 43 °C by nearly 12% when compared to PurePCM heat sink, indicating an improved cooling performance of the PCM heat sink when GnP’s were added. Furthermore, the experiment indicated that SSL surfactant showed a 9% increase in time taken to reach the reference temperature when compared to other surfactants. SDS surfactant indicated the highest increase in thermal conductivity when compared to other surfactants as it reported the highest increase of 147% when compared with the thermal conductivity of PurePCM.
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Olsen, Luke, et Zhiyong Wang. « 3D Printing a Bio-Polymer Cap for the Articular Femoral Condyles : A Feasibility Study ». Dans ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-70346.

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With approximately 12% of adults in the United States affected by osteoarthritis (OA), constant research is being performed to advance treatment techniques for this ailment. 3D printed bio-polymer caps have been proposed as a potential treatment for severe cases of OA, and are an alternative to traditional implants. This report considers the feasibility of one such bio-polymer cap using a simplified, linear, finite element analysis (FEA) model. Material properties for both Bionate 80A and articular cartilage are considered for comparison. The simulation modeled joint loading for a 195 lb, 867.4 N, adult male squatting from 0 to 90-degrees flexion with a mathematical model governing the changing contact area on the medial and lateral condyles. Menisci effects were neglected as a part of the model reduction. For Bionate 80A, minimum and maximum stress values of 1.124 MPa and 3.555 MPa were obtained, with corresponding deflections of 126.8 μm and 316.8 μm. The articular cartilage model gave stress values of 1.102 MPa and 3.623 MPa, with deflections of 170.2 μm and 420.8 μm. A maximum shear stress value of 1.988 MPa was obtained in the Bionate 80A simulation. From these results, it was determined that the Bionate cap is comparable to articular cartilage and could be a viable replacement in the cases of advanced OA, but the Bionate cap may have limitations on joint flexibility due to the relatively small 1.65 factor of safety at 90-degree. The maximum shear stress value indicates it would be viable to use specific biocompatible cements as a method of fixture.
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Ratsimbazafy, Herinjaka Haga, Aurélie Laborel-Préneron, Camille Magniont et Philippe Evon. « Comprehensive Characterization of Agricultural By-Products for Bio-Aggregate Based Concrete ». Dans 4th International Conference on Bio-Based Building Materials. Switzerland : Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/cta.1.77.

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The valorization of available agricultural by-products is important for the development of bio-aggregate based concretes as eco-friendly solutions for building materials. However, their diversity requires to assess their potential of use in vegetal concretes. This study aims to propose simple and relevant multi-physical characterization methods for plant aggregates. Basic and complementary characterizations were carried out on hemp shiv as a reference plant aggregate, and nine by-products available in the South-West part of France, i.e., oleaginous flax shiv, sunflower pith and bark, coriander straw, wheat straw, wheat chaff, corn shuck, miscanthus stem and vine shoot. The basic characterizations performed were those recommended by the TC-RILEM 236 BBM, i.e., particle size distribution, bulk density, water absorption and thermal conductivity. Complementary characterizations have also been proposed, taking into account the possible environment of the binder and the vegetal concrete manufacturing method. The additional tests developed or adapted from previous research assess the following properties: the content of water-soluble compounds at pH 7 and 12, the dry density of plant aggregates compacted in wet state, the real water absorption after compaction and the compression behavior of these compacted aggregates. This complete characterization highlights the distinct behavior of the different agroresources and allows to correlate these characteristics to the use properties of hardened composites.
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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "BIO/12"

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Mora, Claudia I., Zhenghua Li et Zachary Vance. Bio-Carbon Accounting for Bio-Oil Co-Processing : 14C and 13C/12C. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), juin 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1258359.

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Sulejmanovic, Dino, Jiheon Jun, James Keiser, Raynella Connatser, Samuel Lewis, Earl Christensen et Jack Ferrell III. Corrosivity Screening of Pyrolysis Bio-Oils by Short-Term Alloy Exposures. Laboratory Analytical Procedure (LAP), Issue Date : May 12, 2022. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), mai 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1868494.

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Swita, Marie, Teresa Lemmon, Ruoshui Ma, Joshua Taylor, Asanga Padmaperuma, Mariefel Olarte, Earl Christensen et Jack Ferrell III. Determination of Phenolic Groups in Bio-Oils Using Revised Folin-Ciocalteu Methods : Single Cuvette and Plate Reader. Laboratory Analytical Procedure (LAP), Issue Date : May 12, 2022. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), mai 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1868495.

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African Open Science Platform Part 1 : Landscape Study. Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/assaf.2019/0047.

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This report maps the African landscape of Open Science – with a focus on Open Data as a sub-set of Open Science. Data to inform the landscape study were collected through a variety of methods, including surveys, desk research, engagement with a community of practice, networking with stakeholders, participation in conferences, case study presentations, and workshops hosted. Although the majority of African countries (35 of 54) demonstrates commitment to science through its investment in research and development (R&D), academies of science, ministries of science and technology, policies, recognition of research, and participation in the Science Granting Councils Initiative (SGCI), the following countries demonstrate the highest commitment and political willingness to invest in science: Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, and Uganda. In addition to existing policies in Science, Technology and Innovation (STI), the following countries have made progress towards Open Data policies: Botswana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, South Africa and Uganda. Only two African countries (Kenya and South Africa) at this stage contribute 0.8% of its GDP (Gross Domestic Product) to R&D (Research and Development), which is the closest to the AU’s (African Union’s) suggested 1%. Countries such as Lesotho and Madagascar ranked as 0%, while the R&D expenditure for 24 African countries is unknown. In addition to this, science globally has become fully dependent on stable ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) infrastructure, which includes connectivity/bandwidth, high performance computing facilities and data services. This is especially applicable since countries globally are finding themselves in the midst of the 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR), which is not only “about” data, but which “is” data. According to an article1 by Alan Marcus (2015) (Senior Director, Head of Information Technology and Telecommunications Industries, World Economic Forum), “At its core, data represents a post-industrial opportunity. Its uses have unprecedented complexity, velocity and global reach. As digital communications become ubiquitous, data will rule in a world where nearly everyone and everything is connected in real time. That will require a highly reliable, secure and available infrastructure at its core, and innovation at the edge.” Every industry is affected as part of this revolution – also science. An important component of the digital transformation is “trust” – people must be able to trust that governments and all other industries (including the science sector), adequately handle and protect their data. This requires accountability on a global level, and digital industries must embrace the change and go for a higher standard of protection. “This will reassure consumers and citizens, benefitting the whole digital economy”, says Marcus. A stable and secure information and communication technologies (ICT) infrastructure – currently provided by the National Research and Education Networks (NRENs) – is key to advance collaboration in science. The AfricaConnect2 project (AfricaConnect (2012–2014) and AfricaConnect2 (2016–2018)) through establishing connectivity between National Research and Education Networks (NRENs), is planning to roll out AfricaConnect3 by the end of 2019. The concern however is that selected African governments (with the exception of a few countries such as South Africa, Mozambique, Ethiopia and others) have low awareness of the impact the Internet has today on all societal levels, how much ICT (and the 4th Industrial Revolution) have affected research, and the added value an NREN can bring to higher education and research in addressing the respective needs, which is far more complex than simply providing connectivity. Apart from more commitment and investment in R&D, African governments – to become and remain part of the 4th Industrial Revolution – have no option other than to acknowledge and commit to the role NRENs play in advancing science towards addressing the SDG (Sustainable Development Goals). For successful collaboration and direction, it is fundamental that policies within one country are aligned with one another. Alignment on continental level is crucial for the future Pan-African African Open Science Platform to be successful. Both the HIPSSA ((Harmonization of ICT Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa)3 project and WATRA (the West Africa Telecommunications Regulators Assembly)4, have made progress towards the regulation of the telecom sector, and in particular of bottlenecks which curb the development of competition among ISPs. A study under HIPSSA identified potential bottlenecks in access at an affordable price to the international capacity of submarine cables and suggested means and tools used by regulators to remedy them. Work on the recommended measures and making them operational continues in collaboration with WATRA. In addition to sufficient bandwidth and connectivity, high-performance computing facilities and services in support of data sharing are also required. The South African National Integrated Cyberinfrastructure System5 (NICIS) has made great progress in planning and setting up a cyberinfrastructure ecosystem in support of collaborative science and data sharing. The regional Southern African Development Community6 (SADC) Cyber-infrastructure Framework provides a valuable roadmap towards high-speed Internet, developing human capacity and skills in ICT technologies, high- performance computing and more. The following countries have been identified as having high-performance computing facilities, some as a result of the Square Kilometre Array7 (SKA) partnership: Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Mauritius, Namibia, South Africa, Tunisia, and Zambia. More and more NRENs – especially the Level 6 NRENs 8 (Algeria, Egypt, Kenya, South Africa, and recently Zambia) – are exploring offering additional services; also in support of data sharing and transfer. The following NRENs already allow for running data-intensive applications and sharing of high-end computing assets, bio-modelling and computation on high-performance/ supercomputers: KENET (Kenya), TENET (South Africa), RENU (Uganda), ZAMREN (Zambia), EUN (Egypt) and ARN (Algeria). Fifteen higher education training institutions from eight African countries (Botswana, Benin, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, and Tanzania) have been identified as offering formal courses on data science. In addition to formal degrees, a number of international short courses have been developed and free international online courses are also available as an option to build capacity and integrate as part of curricula. The small number of higher education or research intensive institutions offering data science is however insufficient, and there is a desperate need for more training in data science. The CODATA-RDA Schools of Research Data Science aim at addressing the continental need for foundational data skills across all disciplines, along with training conducted by The Carpentries 9 programme (specifically Data Carpentry 10 ). Thus far, CODATA-RDA schools in collaboration with AOSP, integrating content from Data Carpentry, were presented in Rwanda (in 2018), and during17-29 June 2019, in Ethiopia. Awareness regarding Open Science (including Open Data) is evident through the 12 Open Science-related Open Access/Open Data/Open Science declarations and agreements endorsed or signed by African governments; 200 Open Access journals from Africa registered on the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ); 174 Open Access institutional research repositories registered on openDOAR (Directory of Open Access Repositories); 33 Open Access/Open Science policies registered on ROARMAP (Registry of Open Access Repository Mandates and Policies); 24 data repositories registered with the Registry of Data Repositories (re3data.org) (although the pilot project identified 66 research data repositories); and one data repository assigned the CoreTrustSeal. Although this is a start, far more needs to be done to align African data curation and research practices with global standards. Funding to conduct research remains a challenge. African researchers mostly fund their own research, and there are little incentives for them to make their research and accompanying data sets openly accessible. Funding and peer recognition, along with an enabling research environment conducive for research, are regarded as major incentives. The landscape report concludes with a number of concerns towards sharing research data openly, as well as challenges in terms of Open Data policy, ICT infrastructure supportive of data sharing, capacity building, lack of skills, and the need for incentives. Although great progress has been made in terms of Open Science and Open Data practices, more awareness needs to be created and further advocacy efforts are required for buy-in from African governments. A federated African Open Science Platform (AOSP) will not only encourage more collaboration among researchers in addressing the SDGs, but it will also benefit the many stakeholders identified as part of the pilot phase. The time is now, for governments in Africa, to acknowledge the important role of science in general, but specifically Open Science and Open Data, through developing and aligning the relevant policies, investing in an ICT infrastructure conducive for data sharing through committing funding to making NRENs financially sustainable, incentivising open research practices by scientists, and creating opportunities for more scientists and stakeholders across all disciplines to be trained in data management.
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