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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Bias attentivi »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 9 mars 2023

Mis à jour le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Bias attentivi"

Charash, Michael, et Dean McKay. « Attention bias for disgust ». Journal of Anxiety Disorders 16, n^o 5 (janvier 2002) : 529–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0887-6185(02)00171-8.

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FUJITA, Hiroyo, Toshiyuki HIMICHI et Michio NOMURA. « Envy affects attention bias. » Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 77 (19 septembre 2013) : 3PM—098–3PM—098. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.77.0_3pm-098.

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Werthmann, Jessica, Matt Field, Anne Roefs, Chantal Nederkoorn et Anita Jansen. « Attention bias for chocolate increases chocolate consumption – An attention bias modification study ». Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 45, n^o 1 (mars 2014) : 136–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2013.09.009.

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TOMITA, Nozomi, Yuko NISHI, Shoji IMAI et Hiroaki KUMANO. « Attention Bias and Memory Bias in Social Anxiety ». Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 77 (19 septembre 2013) : 3EV—057–3EV—057. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.77.0_3ev-057.

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李, 喜乐. « Attention Bias of Susceptible Individuals ». Advances in Psychology 11, n^o 02 (2021) : 519–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/ap.2021.112058.

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Wang, Benchi, Iliana Samara et Jan Theeuwes. « Statistical regularities bias overt attention ». Attention, Perception, & ; Psychophysics 81, n^o 6 (27 mars 2019) : 1813–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13414-019-01708-5.

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Sharpe, Louise. « Attention bias modification for children ». PAIN 159, n^o 2 (février 2018) : 191–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001107.

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Hung, Weifeng. « Institutional trading and attention bias ». Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money 29 (mars 2014) : 71–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2013.12.001.

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Charash, Michael, Dean McKay et Nick Dipaolo. « Implicit attention bias for disgust ». Anxiety, Stress & ; Coping 19, n^o 4 (décembre 2006) : 353–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10615800601055915.

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Cret, Nicoleta. « Attention Bias or the Attention Control Ability : Measuring the Role of Attention Bias as a Cause for Anxiety Vulnerability ». Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 78 (mai 2013) : 240–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.04.287.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Bias attentivi"

DE, ANGELIS JACOPO. « HOW DO HUMANS RESPOND TO SOCIAL AND NON-SOCIAL STIMULI ? EVIDENCE FROM TYPICALLY DEVELOPED INDIVIDUALS AND INDIVIDUALS WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/309651.

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Secondo il filosofo greco Aristotele "L'uomo è per natura un animale sociale". Dopo 2350 anni, oggi sappiamo che questa affermazione è solo parzialmente vera. Sebbene le evidenze sperimentali abbiano messo in luce una preferenza per gli stimoli e le interazioni sociali negli esseri umani, questa conclusione non sembra applicabile a tutti gli individui e contesti. L'elaborazione degli stimoli sociali può infatti essere influenzata da caratteristiche degli stimoli sociali e non sociali, presentati in competizione, nonché da caratteristiche inter-individuali. Tra quest'ultime, il Disturbo dello Spettro Autistico è sicuramente un esempio prototipico di atipicità nei comportamenti sociali e nella cognizione sociale. Il presente lavoro di tesi era rivolta a: i. indagare se gli stimoli sociali esercitano una priorità di elaborazione negli individui a sviluppo tipico (TD), anche quando presentati in competizione con altri stimoli non sociali fortemente rilevanti (denaro); ii. Indagare se e come gli individui con ASD rispondono a stimoli sociali vs non sociali rispetto agli individui TD, prendendo in esame un duplice livello di elaborazione, cognitivo e fisiologico; iii. Indagare se le differenze tra individui TD e ASD nell'elaborazione degli stimoli sociali e non sociali possano considerarsi l'espressione di un fenotipo familiare allargato; iv. Indagare la possibilità di modificare la salienza degli stimoli sociali negli individui con ASD attraverso una metodologia di apprendimento implicito ABMT (Attention Bias Modification Treatment). La presente tesi presenta tre implicazioni: teorica, metodologica e clinica. Per quanto riguarda le implicazioni teoriche, il presente lavoro supporta solo parzialmente l'affermazione di Aristotele. I risultati infatti hanno evidenziato chiaramente che, sebbene gli stimoli sociali abbiano solitamente un accesso prioritario agli step di elaborazione, la loro valenza può essere influenzata da una varietà di variabili come le differenze individuali (e.g., tratti autistici) o caratteristiche degli stimoli non sociali presentati in competizione quelli sociali (e.g., stimoli di alto interesse autistico per l'autismo). Altresì, i risultati sottolineano la necessità di considerare le diverse fasi dell'elaborazione dello stimolo (cognitivo vs fisiologico) nell'esame delle risposte cognitive e fisologiche a diverse tipologie di stimoli. Per quanto riguarda le implicazioni metodologiche, il presente lavoro suggerisce l'integrazione di tecniche tradizionali con tecniche computazionali più avanzate (es: Machine Learning o Deep Learning). Per quanto riguarda le implicazioni cliniche, questo lavoro ha fornito un esame circa le modalità di elaborazione degli stimoli sociali in bambini e adulti ASD, sia a livello attentivo che fisiologico. In secondo luogo, ha contribuito a far ulteriormente luce sul concetto di fenotipo autistico allargato, mostrando i limiti di questo concetto e l'ipotetico ruolo di variabili ambientali nel modulare il comportamento sociale nell'autismo.
According to the Greek philosopher Aristotle “Man is by nature a social animal”. After 2350 years, we know that this statement is partially true. Although experimental evidence has reported a preference for social stimuli and social interactions in human beings, this conclusion does not apply to every individuals and contexts. Social stimuli processing can indeed be affected by stimuli and competitive non-social stimuli features as well as by inter-individual characteristics. Among the clinical conditions characterized by atypicality in social behaviours and social cognition (e.g., schizophrenia, personality disorders etc.), Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is the most prototypical example. The present dissertation was aimed at: i. investigating whether social stimuli are prioritized by typically developed individuals (TD) even when they attentively compete with other relevant non-social stimuli (money); ii. Investigating whether and how individuals with ASD differently respond to social vs non-social stimuli compared to TD individuals, by considering both a cognitive and a physiological level of processing; iii. Investigating whether the differences between TD and ASD individuals in social vs nonsocial stimuli processing are the expression of a familiar phenotype; iv. Investigating whether it is possible to modify the salience of social stimuli in ASD individuals through an Attention Bias Modification Treatment (ABMT) methodology. The present dissertation is expected to provide three main implications: theoretical, methodological and clinical. As concerns the theoretical implications, the present work only partially supports Aristotle statement mentioned in the introduction. Indeed, the reported findings have clearly highlighted that, although social stimuli are usually prioritized, their valence may be affected by a variety of variables such as individual differences (e.g., autistic traits) or characteristics of the non-social stimuli presented in competition with the social ones (e.g., High Autism Interest stimuli). Finally, results stress the importance of considering the different stages of stimulus processing (i.e., cognitive vs physiological) when examining human responses to social vs non-social stimuli. As regards the methodological implications, the present work provides important hints for future research on social vs non-social stimuli processing with TD and atypical development populations, by suggesting the integration of traditional techniques with more advanced computational techniques (i.e., Machine Learning). As concern the clinical implications, this work has provided a rich examination of how children and adults of ASD children process social and non-social stimuli both at an attentional level and at a physiological level. Secondly, it has contributed to further shedding light on the concept of BAP, by showing its limitations and the role played by environmental variables in shaping the parents of ASD children’s behavioral responses.

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McCarthy, John Dylan. « Changing attention ». Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264180.

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Todd, Jemma Lauren. « Exploring the Role of Attention and Interpretation Biases in Understanding and Treating Pain ». Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17033.

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The processes that lead to the development and maintenance of chronic pain are still not well understood, however prominent theories and growing empirical research indicate that cognitive processes are likely to be relevant to pain. The aim of this thesis was therefore to investigate the role of attentional bias and interpretation bias in the experience of pain. Chapter 2 presents a meta-analysis of dot-probe studies investigating whether attentional biases exist, and found attentional biases towards sensory pain words for chronic pain patients compared to healthy individuals. Chapter 3 presents a systematic review investigating the clinical relevance of attentional bias to pain through prospective and intervention research. This review found that changes in pain outcomes occur when attentional biases are successfully modified, and that avoidance of affective pain information appears particularly relevant for pain chronicity. This review formed the basis for a new theory, the threat interpretation model, which proposes a specific pattern of attentional bias dependent on threat interpretation. This model was tested experimentally. Chapters 4 and 5 explored the effect of threat on interpretation bias, attentional bias and pain using different paradigms accompanied by eye-tracking. Chapter 6 tested an attentional bias modification (ABM) procedure using a randomised controlled trial design. Together, the results suggest that avoidance of affective pain words predicts pain outcomes and can be modified, however mechanisms of change were not established. Overall, attentional biases appear important for pain; sensory pain biases are most reliably detected although avoidance of affective pain information may be more clinically relevant to pain development and maintenance. The clinical and theoretical implications of this research will be beneficial in advancing this field, so that novel interventions can be developed to improve the experience of pain.

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McAteer, Annie Melaugh. « Understanding alcohol attention bias in adolescence ». Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2017. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.727957.

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Ongoing pairing of alcohol consumption and alcohol related cues in the environment, through a process of classical conditioning, result in the development of alcohol attention bias (AAB) which reaches automaticity with ongoing alcohol use. AAB may co-occur alongside alcohol expectancies and physiological responses contributing to misuse (Robinson & Berridge, 1993). Understanding AAB is an important step in understanding addiction aetiology. The following series of studies employs the novel approach of eye tracking to examine AAB more directly, expanding current understanding which to date has relied on indirect methods. Inclusion of adolescent participants provides insight into earlier stages of AAB, an area where there is currently a dearth of research. Results indicate differences between drinking groups and age groups in AAB strength; older drinkers and heavy drinkers demonstrate the strongest bias. Employment of eye tracking provides novel insight into the efficacy of a modified dot probe task differentiating automatic and controlled processes. These studies provide insights regarding the early stages of AAB manifestation and the studies included in this thesis begin to address gaps in the current literature. Inferences from the cross sectional analysis and retraining task suggest the bias is not static and may change over time, approaching automaticity as alcohol use continues. Whilst AAB appeared to be associated with alcohol use, as evidenced across age groups, additional factors also appear to influence attentional processing as indicated by findings in non-drinkers. Inconsistent relationships between AAB, expectancies and physiological response are reported and possible explanations for this are outlined in the thesis. The clinical utility of these findings in understanding AAB and the role of interventions in reducing it are considered and recommendations for future work to further understand AAB' s development and its role in substance misuse are outlined.

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Mergelsberg, Enrique Laurent Paul. « An Investigation in Attention Bias Modification Training : Attention Bias Assessment, Acquisition and Change with the Dot-Probe Task ». Thesis, Curtin University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/77426.

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Attention bias change can reduce anxiety vulnerability. The mechanisms that underlie attention bias assessment and training with the dot-probe task are unclear. This research project investigated the main stimulus-probe associative learning mechanism within the dot-probe task. It compared the attentional engagement and disengagement processes that underlie attention bias change using the dot-probe task and a gamified attention training task. The current work aids the understanding of successful attention bias assessment, acquisition and change.

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Devigili, Andrea. « Correlati Elettrofisiologici del Bias Attentivo nella Fobia del Sangue ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3421655.

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People seem to automatically appraise the salience of stimuli relevant to survival and automatically direct attention toward whatever may constitute a potential danger. The phenomenon by which threatening stimuli capture more attention in comparison to neutral and pleasant ones is called attentional bias. In the literature, many hypotheses were advanced about attentional processes involved in this bias: it could consist in an early facilitation of the automatic encoding of threatening information, followed by a difficulty in disengaging attention (delayed disengagement), or in an initial orienting of attention toward threat stimuli followed by cognitive avoidance, that inhibits more detailed processing (vigilance-avoidance). Many behavioural and electrophysiological data support the rapid and preferential processing of threatening stimuli, and these have been obtained by using a variety of experimental paradigms: threat stimuli are detected more quickly, require more processing resources, interfere with the execution of other tasks, maintain the subject’s attention for a longer time and make orienting of attention toward other stimuli more difficult. Several studies show that the attentional bias is enhanced in individuals with high levels of trait anxiety or with anxiety disorders, and that it is specifically related to disorder-related stimuli. In specific phobias, information processing usually prioritises the detection and the analysis of phobia-related stimuli. However, this does not seem to occur in blood-injection-injury phobia. Blood phobics do not seem to show a facilitated processing of phobia-related stimuli. In contrast, an attentional bias towards phobia-related stimuli, reflected in larger amplitudes of event-related potential P300 and late positive potentials, can be effectively highlighted during passive viewing in other specific phobics. Blood phobia is peculiar in many ways: at subjective, behavioural and physiological levels. Unlike other specific phobias, disgust is not a secondary emotion, that accompanies fear, but it is the predominant emotion elicited by phobic stimuli. At physiological level, a pattern of cardiovascular activation leading to fainting can be observed. Such a physiological response is associated with uncertainty as to the best behavioural strategy to adopt upon encounter with the phobic stimulus: action or motor inhibition. The present dissertation describes three studies which aimed at investigating the presence of an attentional bias in blood-injection-injury phobia through behavioural and electrocortical measures. Different experimental paradigms and emotional control categories were used to test the specificity of the attentional bias towards phobia-related stimuli and to identify the underlying attentional mechanisms.
Rilevare uno stimolo minaccioso nell’ambiente il più velocemente possibile è una funzione essenziale per gli esseri viventi, in quanto permette una risposta di difesa più efficace e comporta maggiori possibilità di sopravvivenza. Il fenomeno per cui gli stimoli minacciosi catturano attenzione in modo più efficace rispetto a stimoli neutri o piacevoli prende il nome di bias attentivo. Esistono numerose ipotesi in letteratura sui meccanismi attentivi alla base di questo bias. In particolare, vi sono due modelli: il primo sostiene che vi sia una facilitazione precoce nella codifica dell’informazione minacciosa, seguita da una difficoltà nello spostare l’attenzione da tale informazione verso altri stimoli (disingaggio ritardato); il secondo sostiene invece che l’iniziale orientamento dell’attenzione verso l’informazione minacciosa sia seguito da evitamento cognitivo, che ne inibisce una elaborazione più dettagliata (vigilanza-evitamento). Vi sono numerosi studi che hanno prodotto dati comportamentali ed elettrofisiologici a sostegno dell’esistenza di una elaborazione preferenziale degli stimoli minacciosi: ad esempio, gli stimoli di minaccia sono rilevati più velocemente, richiedono più risorse di elaborazione, interferiscono maggiormente nell’esecuzione di compiti concomitanti, mantengono l’attenzione per un periodo di tempo maggiore e rendono difficoltoso lo spostamento dell’attenzione su altri stimoli. Molteplici studi hanno inoltre dimostrato che gli individui con disturbi d’ansia, o con elevati livelli di ansia di tratto, presentano un bias attentivo più marcato, specificatamente nei confronti di stimoli legati al disturbo. E’ noto che nelle fobie specifiche l’elaborazione dell’informazione privilegia la detezione e l’analisi dello stimolo fobigeno. Tuttavia, questo non sembra verificarsi per la fobia di sangue-iniezioni-ferite. A livello elettrocorticale, nelle fobie specifiche si rileva solitamente un bias associato all’elaborazione dello stimolo fobico, che si riflette in compiti di visione passiva in una maggiore ampiezza della componente P300 dei potenziali evento-relati e in una maggiore positività tardiva (LPP). Questo effetto non è tuttavia emerso per la fobia del sangue. Questo disturbo d’ansia è infatti singolare da molteplici punti di vista: a livello soggettivo, è caratterizzato dall’emozione di disgusto, piuttosto che da quella di paura; a livello fisiologico, è caratterizzato da un pattern di attivazione cardiovascolare che spesso conduce allo svenimento; a livello comportamentale, è caratterizzato da un conflitto tra azione e inibizione motoria. Il presente lavoro di tesi descrive tre studi che avevano l’obiettivo di indagare la presenza di un bias attentivo nella fobia di sangue-iniezioni-ferite attraverso misure comportamentali ed elettrocorticali. Sono stati impiegati paradigmi sperimentali e categorie emozionali di controllo differenti al fine di testare la specificità del bias attentivo nei confronti del materiale fobigeno e di identificare i meccanismi attentivi coinvolti.

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Stone, Bryant M. « Effects of a Gratitude Intervention and Attention Bias Modification on Emotion Regulation ». OpenSIUC, 2020. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2716.

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Much research testing positive psychological interventions (PPIs) has focused on the outcome of emotion regulation (e.g., increased positive or decreased negative emotions and affect). On the other hand, most research testing the effects of attention bias modification (ABM) has focused on the process of emotion regulation (e.g., reducing biased attention towards threatening faces in those with social anxiety disorder). Evidence is sparse and inconsistent on the process of emotion regulation in PPIs and the outcome of emotion regulation in ABM programs. Furthermore, few studies have examined the combined effects of a positive ABM (PABM) with PPIs, which is the focus of the current investigation. The aim of the study is to examine two relationships: 1) the effects of the gratitude letter PPI on the process of emotion regulation and 2) the combined effects of the PABM program and the gratitude letter PPI on the process and outcome of emotion regulation. The researchers used a dot-probe task to bias attention. The dot-probe task presented positive-neutral stimuli pairs (e.g., babies; geometric pattern). In the train-positive group, the probe appeared behind the positive images 90% of the time, compared to 50% in the control group. The researchers used a gratitude letter PPI, where participants wrote a letter for 15 minutes to someone they have never thanked, compared to the control condition who wrote a letter about their morning routine. The results suggest that the gratitude letter PPI does not affect the process of emotion regulation via attentional biases but does increase positive affect in the short term. Further, the PABM program may not affect the outcome of emotion regulation but did demonstrate a biasing of reaction time to positive pictures. This biasing of reaction times in the dot-probe was not consistent with eye-gaze patterns to positive images, suggesting that the dot-probe task does not measure or manipulate attentional biases. Finally, combining the dot-probe task and gratitude letter PPI did not produce a stronger effect on the process and outcome of emotion regulation than the gratitude letter alone. The findings of the current study suggest that the gratitude letter may be an effective and quick intervention to increase positive affect, but that the intervention is not suitable for long-term changes after a single administration. Further, individuals should not expect the dot-probe task to bias attention and should not except the task to influence the outcome of emotion regulation. Instead, researchers could use the task to measure and manipulate one’s decision-making processing speed.

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Hill, Jemma. « Attention training and the Positive Illusory Bias in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ». Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/attention-training-and-the-positive-illusory-bias-in-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder(0b136c3a-52fc-42e1-96e4-8ed15242cd0a).html.

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Paper 1 provides a systematic review on the association between children over-rating their competence, termed Positive Illusory Bias (PIB), and Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The evidence towards this construct was examined, in addition to its environmental specificity and modifiability. Findings confirmed an association between PIB and ADHD, with most studies evidencing higher discrepancies between self and adult ratings of competence in children with ADHD compared to controls. The nature and magnitude of this association was less clear however, with some of these studies showing absolute ratings of children to be similar to controls, and a PIB only evidenced when adults were used as objective evaluators, not actual performance. Thus the review was unable to discount the idea that the PIB may, in part, be a function of the system around children with ADHD under-estimating their abilities. Clinical implications are discussed. Paper 2 presents an investigation into the efficacy and feasibility of a metacognitive therapy technique, Attention Training (ATT) in children with ADHD. A novel intervention in this population, the study employed a single case series design, followed by an uncontrolled trial, both with a 6-week follow up. A total of 16 children aged 7-11 under the care of a children and adolescent mental health service received 5 sessions of the ATT. Findings revealed that children rated their attention as significantly improved, despite no statistical improvement found on parent ratings. Significant improvements were also shown in working memory and other aspects of executive functioning. Adherence to home practice of the ATT was generally poor, but session attendance was good and the treatment was well-liked by parents. Clinical implications and directions for future research are indicated. Paper 3 is a critical reflection of the research process. Reflections on paper 1 and 2 are given, including limitations and clinical implications. The impact of the research process on my personal development and learning is also discussed.

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Duran, Geoffrey. « Compréhension, Emotion, et Attention, une nouvelle approche à détecter le mensonge ». Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2090/document.

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Nous sommes tous familiers avec les notions de tromperie et de détection du mensonge Nous admettons volontiers que mentir n’est pas un acte acceptable moralement. Le mensonge a toujours posé un problème moral. Par exemple, Aristote disait que « le mensonge est en soi méchant et coupable », Kant considérait la vérité comme un « devoir inconditionnel en toutes circonstances ». Machiavel a adopté une position différente en louant le mensonge au service de soi. Après avoir été un problème moral et juridique pendant des millénaires, la question du mensonge et de sa détection est devenue depuis une soixantaine d’années une question de recherche. Comment les gens réussissent-ils à tromper les autres ? Comment sont-ils susceptibles de croire les mensonges des autres ? Sont-ils capables de détecter lorsque quelqu’un leur ment ? Si oui, comment ? Pourquoi les gens sont-ils dupés ? Ces questions sont toujours d’actualité et cette thèse s’inscrit dans la continuité des recherches sur la détection du mensonge, dans le cadre de la détection sans instruments spécialisés.Les parutions scientifiques issues de la littérature sur la capacité humaine de détection du mensonge sont pessimistes et montrent que les individus font rarement mieux que le hasard. Si des explications ont été apportées, de nombreuses interrogations persistent encore, comme l’influence de certains aspects de la personnalité et de la cognition sur la capacité à détecter les mensonges. Nous avons ainsi mené plusieurs études expérimentales dans le but de répondre à certaines questions encore présentes. L’ensemble de nos résultats suggèrent que les traits de personnalité associés à une sensibilité aux émotions des autres nuisent à la bonne détection du mensonge. Nos résultats montrent, pour la première fois, que des fonctions cognitives, comme la reconnaissance de la prosodie, l’attention et la compréhension du discours sont impliquées dans la détection du mensonge. Enfin, ce travail de thèse a également examiné si des aspects de la personnalité et de la cognition influencent la capacité de détection de membres des forces de l’ordre
We are all so familiar with the notions of deception and lie detection. We readily admit that lying is not morally acceptable. Lying has always been a moral problem. For example, Aristotle said that "falsehood is in itself mean and culpable" or Kant regarded the truth as "unconditional duty which holds in all circumstances.” Machiavelli has taken a different position by praising deceit in the service of self. After having been a moral and legal problem for millennia, the question of lies and their detection has become a question of research for about sixty years. How do people deceive others? How are people likely to believe the lies of others? Are they able to detect when someone is lying to them? And if yes, how? Why are people fooled? These questions are still relevant, and this thesis is part of the continuity of research on the detection of lies, in the context of detection without a specialized instrument.Scientific publications from the literature on the human capacity to detect lies are pessimistic and show that individuals rarely do better than chance. If explanations have been made, many questions still persist, such as the influence of certain aspects of personality and cognition on the ability to detect lies. We have conducted several experimental studies to answer some of the questions. All of our results suggest that personality traits associated with sensitivity to the emotions of others interfere with the capacity to detect lies. Our results show, for the first time, that cognitive functions, such as recognition of prosody, attentional processes and discourse comprehension, are involved in the detection of lies. Finally, this thesis also examined whether aspects of personality and cognition influence the detection ability of police officers (French Gendarmes)

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Skene, Wendy. « Attentional bias across the lifespan ». Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2014. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=217888.

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This thesis takes a lifespan approach to investigate attentional bias from childhood into older adulthood. Using the dot-probe task throughout, the primary aim was to identify age-related differences in attentional bias across the lifespan. Short and longer stimulus presentation times were used in some studies to investigate the time course of attentional bias. Furthermore, anxiety and executive function were measured to examine how these factors may influence attentional bias across the lifespan. Results found that children showed an attentional bias away from emotion faces which was most evident in those with low trait anxiety. Young adults attended to angry faces at the short presentation time, this was not maintained at longer presentation times. In older adults, results showed an initial avoidance of happy faces followed by a bias towards happy faces at the later presentation time. A direct comparison between children and young adults found that children showed avoidance of emotion compared to adults. A direct comparison of young and older adults found in those with higher state anxiety, young adults showed a bias towards threat at the long presentation time, whereas older adults showed a bias away from threat. Contrary to the predominant theory of attention, executive function was not found to be related to attentional bias in children or young adults. However it did influence attentional bias in older adults, where poorer inhibition was related to a bias away from the happy face. To summarise, this thesis has identified differences in attentional bias according to age and prompts further research into how age, anxiety, executive function and attentional bias may interact in a non-clinically anxious population.

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Livres sur le sujet "Bias attentivi"

Meyerhoff, Hauke S. Linking perceptual animacy to visual attention : An investigation of detection efficiency and attentional bias for chasing objects among distractors kumulative Dissertation. [S.l : s.n.], 2013.

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Langer, Ellen J. Xue xi, jiu shi yi zhong xiang shou : Ni ye ke yi ba xue xi he gong zuo bian cheng "wan le" de dai ming ci. Taibei Xian Xindian Shi : Ren ben zi ran wen hua shi ye you xian gong si, 2006.

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Langer, Ellen J. Yong xin fa ze : Gai bian ni yi sheng de guan jian. Taibei Xian Xindian Shi : Mu ma wen hua shi ye gu fen you xian gong si, 2007.

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Summerfield, Christopher, et Tobias Egner. Attention and Decision-Making. Sous la direction de Anna C. (Kia) Nobre et Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.018.

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This chapter reviews formal models of the decision process in humans and other primates, and discusses divergent accounts of how attention might intervene to bias or facilitate judgements about sensory stimuli. The review covers established decision-theoretic models, such as signal detection theory and serial sampling models, and other computational accounts that draw upon psychophysical and neurobiological mechanisms of early vision. It considers whether such decisions are limited by attentional capacity, or by noise, as suggested by normative models of choice. The authors revisit a debate concerning whether attention acts to boost inputs, enhance activity, or reduce noise. Finally, the authors consider the relationship between attention and expectation in perceptual decision-making.

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Nobre, Anna C. (Kia), et Gustavo Rohenkohl. Time for the Fourth Dimension in Attention. Sous la direction de Anna C. (Kia) Nobre et Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.036.

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This chapter takes attention into the fourth dimension by considering research that explores how predictive information in the temporal structure of events can contribute to optimizing perception. The authors review behavioural and neural findings from three lines of investigation in which the temporal regularity and predictability of events are manipulated through rhythms, hazard functions, and cues. The findings highlight the fundamental role temporal expectations play in shaping several aspects of performance, from early perceptual analysis to motor preparation. They also reveal modulation of neural activity by temporal expectations all across the brain. General principles of how temporal expectations are generated and bias information processing are still emerging. The picture so far suggests that there may be multiple sources of temporal expectation, which can bias multiple stages of stimulus analysis depending on the stages of information processing that are critical for task performance. Neural oscillations are likely to provide an important medium through which the anticipated timing of events can regulate neuronal excitability.

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McCrory Calarco, Jessica. Seeking Attention. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190634438.003.0006.

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Chapter 5 examines social class differences in children’s efforts to seek attention from teachers. Regardless of social class, students wanted—even craved—attention. Middle-class and working-class students differed in the types of behaviors for which they sought attention and the strategies they used to get teachers’ attention. Middle-class students sought attention for their unique talents, skills, and experiences, and they did so in overt ways. Working-class students instead sought attention primarily for their commonalities with and helpfulness to others. They also did so in more oblique ways and only when it was clear that teachers had time to provide attention. Those class differences in attention-seeking had meaningful consequences. Through their more frequent and more difficult to ignore bids for attention, and through their success in persuading teachers to grant those requests, middle-class students had more opportunities to share stories with, receive validation from, and make personal connections with their teachers.

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Stokes, Mark, et John Duncan. Dynamic Brain States for Preparatory Attention and Working Memory. Sous la direction de Anna C. (Kia) Nobre et Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.032.

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This chapter considers how dynamic brain states continuously fine-tune processing to accommodate changes in behavioural context and task goals. First, the authors review the extant literature suggesting that content-specific patterns of preparatory activity bias competitive processing in visual cortex to favour behaviourally relevant input. Next, they consider how higher-level brain areas might provide a top-down attentional signal for modulating baseline visual activity. Extensive evidence suggests that working memory representations in prefrontal cortex are especially important for generating and maintaining biases in preparatory visual activity via modulatory feedback. Although it is often proposed that such working memory representations are maintained via persistent prefrontal activity, the authors review more recent evidence that rapid short-term synaptic plasticity provides a common substrate for maintaining the content of past experience and the rules for guiding future goal-directed processing.

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Jecker, Nancy S. Ending Midlife Bias. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190949075.001.0001.

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We live at a time when human lifespans have increased like never before. As average lifespans stretch to new lengths, how does this impact the values we hold most dear? Do these values change over the course of our ever-increasing lifespans? Ending Midlife Bias argues that at different life stages, different values emerge as central. During early life, caring and trust matter more, given human vulnerability and dependency. By early adulthood, growing independence provides a reason to value autonomy more. Later in life, heightened risk for chronic disease and disability warrants focusing on maintaining capabilities and keeping dignity intact. Part I (Chapters 1–5) sets forth a conceptual framework that captures these shifting life stage values. Chapter 1 argues against the privileging of midlife values (midlife bias) and explains why population aging lends urgency to identifying values for later life. Chapters 2 and 3 introduce dignity as a central concern for older adults and argue that respecting dignity requires supporting central human capabilities. Chapter 4 explores the metaphor of life as a story, which serves as a corrective for midlife bias by keeping attention on the whole of life. Chapter 5 sets forth principles for age group justice. Part II (Chapters 6–12) turns to practical concerns, including geriatric and pediatric bioethics (Chapter 6); caregiving by family members, migrant workers, and robots (Chapters 7 and 8); ageism in clinical trials, healthcare allocation, and mandatory retirement (Chapter 9); and ethics at the end-of-life (Chapter 10). The closing chapters explore the future of population aging (Chapter 11) and make a pitch for life stage sensitive moral theory (Chapter 12).

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Beck, Diane M., et Sabine Kastner. Neural Systems for Spatial Attention in the Human Brain. Sous la direction de Anna C. (Kia) Nobre et Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.011.

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Spatial attention has been studied for over a half a century. Early behavioural work showed that attending to a location improves performance on a variety of tasks. Since then substantial progress has been made on understanding the neural mechanisms underlying these effects. This chapter reviews the neuroimaging literature, as well as related behavioural and single-cell physiology studies, on visual spatial attention. In particular, the chapter frames much of the work in the context of the biased competition theory of attention, which argues that a primary mechanism of attention is to bias competition among stimuli in the visual cortex in favour of an attended stimulus that, as a result, receives enhanced processing to guide behaviour. Accordingly, the authors have organized this chapter into two related sections. The first summarizes the effects of attention in the visual cortex and thalamus, the so-called ‘site’ of attention. The second explores the relationship between attention and fronto-parietal mechanisms which are thought to be the ‘source’ of the biasing signals exerted on the visual cortex.

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van Schalkwyk, Gerrit I., et Wendy K. Silverman. Anxiety Disorders. Sous la direction de Thomas H. Ollendick, Susan W. White et Bradley A. White. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190634841.013.20.

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Anxiety disorders are highly common in children and adolescents and are associated with significant impairment. This group of disorders includes a broad range of specific diagnoses that often co-occur. Well-established assessment measures exist to facilitate accurate differential diagnosis and characterization of anxiety disorders. Evidence-based treatments also are available. Cognitive behavior therapy has a uniquely broad and robust evidence base, although newer treatments such as attention bias modification training and parent accommodation interventions are the source of growing attention. Current research in the field includes attempts at understanding the basic nature of anxiety disorders, the development of new treatments, and innovative approaches to addressing the key challenge of limited access to treatment.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Bias attentivi"

Siniscalchi, Marcello. « Attention Bias ». Dans Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior, 1–3. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_1516-1.

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Azriel, Omer, et Yair Bar-Haim. « Attention bias. » Dans Clinical handbook of fear and anxiety : Maintenance processes and treatment mechanisms., 203–18. Washington : American Psychological Association, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0000150-012.

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Siniscalchi, Marcello. « Attention Bias ». Dans Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior, 548–50. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55065-7_1516.

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Brogaard, Berit “Brit”. « Bias-Driven Attention, Cognitive Penetration and Epistemic Downgrading ». Dans The Philosophy of Perception, sous la direction de Christoph Limbeck-Lilienau et Friedrich Stadler, 199–216. Berlin, Boston : De Gruyter, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110657920-012.

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Wong, Mei-Yi, Chen Kang Lee, Paul E. Croarkin et Poh Foong Lee. « A Dot-Probe Paradigm for Attention Bias Detection in Young Adults ». Dans IFMBE Proceedings, 150–57. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65092-6_18.

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Renå, Helge. « The Alarms That Were Sent, but Never Received : Attention Bias in a Novel Setting ». Dans The Blind Spots of Public Bureaucracy and the Politics of Non‐Coordination, 87–109. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76672-0_5.

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Zheng, Zhiyong, Kun Tian et Fengxia Liu. « LWE Public Key Cryptosystem ». Dans Financial Mathematics and Fintech, 99–118. Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-7644-5_4.

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AbstractIn 2005, O.Regev proposed the first LWE public key cryptosystem at Tel Aviv University in Israel based on LWE distribution $$A_{s,\chi }$$. Because of this paper, Regev won the highest award for theoretical computer science in 2018—the Godel Award. The size of public key is $$\tilde{O}(n^2)$$ bits, and the size of private key s and ciphertext is $$\tilde{O}(n)$$ bits. The plaintext encrypted each time is 1 bit. In fact, the LWE public key cryptosystem is a probabilistic cryptosystem, which depends on a high probability algorithm. Since the security of LWE problem has been clearly proved (see Chap. 3), the LWE cryptosystem has received extensive attention as soon as it was proposed, and it becomes the most cutting-edge research topic in the lattice-based cryptosystem study.

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Benshaul-Tolonen, Anja, Garazi Zulaika, Marni Sommer et Penelope A. Phillips-Howard. « Measuring Menstruation-Related Absenteeism Among Adolescents in Low-Income Countries ». Dans The Palgrave Handbook of Critical Menstruation Studies, 705–23. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0614-7_52.

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Abstract Benshaul-Tolonen et al. shine a light on two methodological issues impacting a research question that has received much attention recently: whether the provision of menstrual hygiene products reduces schoolgirls’ absenteeism in low-income countries. First, they identify bias in data sources, such as school records and recall data. Second, they show that limiting the focus to menstrual-related absenteeism obscures other threats that menstruation poses to educational attainment, health, and psychosocial well-being. To address these issues, the authors recommend the use of mixed methods, pre-analysis plans, and thoughtful consideration and validation of variables prior to study implementation. They also caution policymakers against overreliance on absenteeism as the sole outcome and overinterpreting results from existing studies that often lack scope and precision. They conclude with a call for more research on the links between menstruation and concentration, learning, self-esteem, and pain management.

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Hüsser, Andreas, et Werner Wirth. « Do Investors Show an Attentional Bias toward Past Performance ? An Eye-Tracking Experiment on Visual Attention to Mutual Fund Disclosures in Simplified Fund Prospectuses ». Dans Financial Literacy and the Limits of Financial Decision-Making, 77–102. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30886-9_5.

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« Attentional Bias in Emotional Disorders ». Dans Attention and Emotion, 75–108. Psychology Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315784991-12.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Bias attentivi"

Mostert, Sonja Nicolene, et David Maree. « Leftward biases in attention : Eye fixations as indicators of attention and memory encoding ». Dans 8th International e-Conference on Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences. Center for Open Access in Science, Belgrade, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32591/coas.e-conf.08.01001m.

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The current study examined the presence of a leftward bias in attention defined by the number of fixations. The aim was to explore a leftward bias in attention and whether this is related to visual long-term memory (VLTM) encoding. This was achieved by using a quantitative research approach consisting of a survey method and memory simulation. An eye-tracker was used to determine the number of fixations. A memory questionnaire was used to assess VLTM based on the simulation. Participants were sampled using purposive sampling (N=35). The eye-tracking data were analyzed using a one-way repeated measures ANOVA and the results showed a statistically significant difference between the left and right fixations, F(14, 28)=2.74, p=.01, η2=.58, indicating a large effect size. Participants demonstrated a higher number of left fixations even when stimuli on the right were present. The results support the notion of a lateral bias in attention. The findings from the paired sample t-test demonstrated that more items on the left were correctly recalled when compared to the right. On average, participants recalled more items on the left (M=66.49, SE=1.8) than the right (M=62.02, SE=2.2), t(34)=2.541, p=.008 (one-tailed). The eta squared (.429) indicated a small to medium effect size. Based on the findings, there were no significant associations between the number of fixations and the number of items recalled. The study concludes that a leftward bias in attention is present but there was no significant correlation with VLTM encoding.

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Lee, Soo-Young, Chang-Sup Shim, Ju-Seog Jang et Sang-Yung Shin. « Optical implementation of associative memory with controlled bit-significance ». Dans OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C. : Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1987.fb7.

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Associative memory based on the Hopfield neural network model can be used directly to store and retrieve information with robustness and error-correction capability. Recently an attentive associative memory was reported which provides the flexibility of rapidly and arbitrarily changing the strengths of the stored images. With slight modification of the conventional retrieving formula we propose a new mechanism for incorporating another kind of attention, i.e., attention-to-bits or the relative significance of each bit in the input images. This relative significance is implemented by multiplying the proper weights on each bit of the input images and can be altered arbitrarily. Computer simulation shows that this associative memory indeed has a tendency to retrieve the stored images with minimum weighted-Hamming distances defined as sums of the weights for all the incorrect bits. When only partial input images are available or parts of the images are of critical importance, this attentive-bits associative memory may be of great use.

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OUYANG, Lijing, et Yingqi WU. « A Review of Attention Bias and Eating Disorder ». Dans 2021 International Conference on Public Relations and Social Sciences (ICPRSS 2021). Paris, France : Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211020.266.

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Habibi, Hanna, et Jan Feld. « Do People Pay More Attention to Earthquakes in Western Countries ? » Dans CARMA 2018 - 2nd International Conference on Advanced Research Methods and Analytics. Valencia : Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/carma2018.2018.8315.

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This paper investigates whether people from Western countries pay more attention to earthquakes in Western countries than those in non-Western countries. Using Google Trends data, we examine the proportion of Google searches from the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand for 610 earthquakes across the world over the period of 2006-2016. Our results suggest that people in these countries pay around 44 percent more attention to earthquakes in Western countries, holding constant earthquake magnitude and number of casualties. Our results remain significant and similar in magnitude after controlling for geographical and social characteristics, but reduce in magnitude to almost zero and become insignificant after controlling for GDP per capita of the countries where the earthquake struck. Our results suggest that there is a developed country bias, rather than a Western country bias, in people’s attention. This bias might lead to a lower flow of international relief to economically less developed countries, which are less able to deal with disasters.

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Gangula, Rama Rohit Reddy, Suma Reddy Duggenpudi et Radhika Mamidi. « Detecting Political Bias in News Articles Using Headline Attention ». Dans Proceedings of the 2019 ACL Workshop BlackboxNLP : Analyzing and Interpreting Neural Networks for NLP. Stroudsburg, PA, USA : Association for Computational Linguistics, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/w19-4809.

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Attanasio, Giuseppe, Debora Nozza, Dirk Hovy et Elena Baralis. « Entropy-based Attention Regularization Frees Unintended Bias Mitigation from Lists ». Dans Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics : ACL 2022. Stroudsburg, PA, USA : Association for Computational Linguistics, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2022.findings-acl.88.

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Chaudhary, Ujwal, Banghe Zhu et Anuradha Godavarty. « Brain connectivity study of joint attention using frequency-domain optical imaging technique ». Dans BiOS, sous la direction de Nikiforos Kollias, Bernard Choi, Haishan Zeng, Reza S. Malek, Brian J. Wong, Justus F. R. Ilgner, Kenton W. Gregory et al. SPIE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.841504.

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Li, Zhiwei, et Todd Gureckis. « Attention bias towards structure explained by an intrinsic reward for learning ». Dans 2019 Conference on Cognitive Computational Neuroscience. Brentwood, Tennessee, USA : Cognitive Computational Neuroscience, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.32470/ccn.2019.1419-0.

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Zhang, Xiao, Sunhao Dai, Jun Xu, Zhenhua Dong, Quanyu Dai et Ji-Rong Wen. « Counteracting User Attention Bias in Music Streaming Recommendation via Reward Modification ». Dans KDD '22 : The 28th ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. New York, NY, USA : ACM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3534678.3539393.

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Chaudhary, Ujwal, Michael Hall, Anibal Gutierrez, Daniel Messinger, Gustavo Rey et Anuradha Godavarty. « Joint attention studies in normal and autistic children using NIRS ». Dans SPIE BiOS. SPIE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.874360.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Bias attentivi"

Hill, Mackenna, et Elizabeth Duval. Exploring Carry-Over Effects to Elucidate Attention Bias Modification’s Mixed Results. Journal of Young Investigators, septembre 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.22186/jyi.31.3.9-14.

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Roberts, Tony, et Kevin Hernandez. Open Data for Agriculture and Nutrition : A Literature Review and Proposed Conceptual Framework. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), janvier 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.018.

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This paper begins by locating the Global Open Data for Agriculture and Nutrition project (GODAN) in the context of wider debates in the open data movement by first reviewing the literature on open data and open data for agriculture and nutrition (ODAN). The review identifies a number of important gaps and limitations in the existing literature. There has been no independent evaluation of who most benefits or who is being left behind regarding ODAN. There has been no independent evaluation of gender or diversity in ODAN or of the development outcomes or impacts of ODAN. The existing research on ODAN is over-reliant on key open data organisations and open data insiders who produce most of the research. This creates bias in the data and analysis. The authors recommend that these gaps are addressed in future research. The paper contributes a novel conceptual ‘SCOTA’ framework for analysing the barriers to and drivers of open data adoption, which could be readily applied in other domains. Using this framework to review the existing literature highlights the fact that ODAN research and practice has been predominantly supply-side focused on the production of open data. The authors argue that if open data is to ‘leave no one behind’, greater attention now needs to be paid to understanding the demand-side of the equation and the role of intermediaries. The paper argues that there is a compelling need to improve the participation of women, people living with disabilities, and other marginalised groups in all aspects of open data for agriculture and nutrition. The authors see a need for further research and action to enhance the capabilities of marginalised people to make effective use of open data. The paper concludes with the recommendation that an independent strategic review of open data in agriculture and nutrition is overdue. Such a review should encompass the structural factors shaping the process of ODAN; include a focus on the intermediary and demand-side processes; and identify who benefits and who is being left behind.

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Gruson-Daniel, Célya, et Maya Anderson-González. Étude exploratoire sur la « recherche sur la recherche » : acteurs et approches. Ministère de l'enseignement supérieur et de la recherche, novembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52949/24.

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• Introduction Dans le cadre du deuxième Plan National de la Science Ouverte, le Comité pour la science ouverte a souhaité mener une étude pour la préfiguration d’un Lab de la science ouverte (LabSO) afin de mieux comprendre le périmètre de la recherche sur la recherche (research on research) dans un contexte international. • Objectifs de l’étude : L’étude répond ainsi à trois objectifs : 1. repérer des grands courants de recherche sur la recherche (RoR) dans le paysage plus général de la recherche universitaire en Europe et outre-atlantique, en reconnaître les principaux acteurs institutionnels et différencier les approches mobilisées par les uns et les autres ; 2. proposer une méthodologie d’analyse dans une démarche de science ouverte (méthodes mixtes et cartographie numérique) pour faciliter l’appropriation de son contenu ; 3. émettre des recommandations pour faciliter le positionnement du LabSO et s’inspirer d’initiatives existantes. • Méthodologie Une série de treize entretiens et une collecte de données d’une sélection thématique de sites web ont permis de dresser un paysage d’acteurs et d’approches impliqués dans des recherches sur la recherche. Ce dernier s’est nourri d’une démarche de cartographie numérique pour repérer et visualiser les liens existants entre différentes communautés, mouvements, réseaux et initiatives (financeurs, projets, centres de recherche, fournisseurs de données, éditeurs, etc.). • Résultats Le rapport présente différents courants de « recherche sur la recherche » issus des traditions théoriques et méthodologiques de la sociologie, de l’économie, des sciences politiques, de la philosophie, des sciences de l’information et des mesures (biblio/scientométrie). Des courants plus récents sont aussi décrits. Ils s’inscrivent dans un contexte de politiques publiques favorables à la science ouverte et ont émergé dans le champ des sciences sociales computationnelles, des Big Data ou encore des domaines biomédicaux. Si certaines de ces approches s’appuient sur des courants académiques (STS, sciences des mesures) établis depuis de nombreuses décennies, d’autres comme ceux de la « métascience » ou de la « science de la science », se sont structurées plus récemment avec une visée prescriptive et de changement fondé sur des preuves (evidence-based) se basant sur un engagement normatif pour une science plus ouverte, inclusive et diverse. Bien loin d’un paysage statique, l’étude fait ressortir des recherches en mouvement, des débats tout autant que des mises en garde afin que certains courants « ne réinventent pas la roue » en faisant fit d’une longue tradition académique de l’étude des sciences et de la production scientifiques. De nouvelles alliances entre centres de recherche et laboratoires, institutions subventionnaires, décideurs politiques et fournisseurs de données ont été repérées. Elles participent à une dynamique actuelle d’équipement des politiques publiques par des outils d’évaluation et des protocoles de recherche pour guider les actions menées, on parle d’évidence-based policies. Un des exemples les plus récents étant laa seconde feuille de route du RoRI1 poussant notamment à la formation d’un réseau international d’instituts de recherche sur la recherche, fondé sur le partage et la mutualisation de données, de méthodes et d’outils. Outre la présentation de ces différents acteurs et courants, le rapport pointe le rôle joué par les infrastructures et les fournisseurs de données scientifiques (publications, données, métadonnées, citations, etc.) dans la structuration de ce paysage et les équilibres à trouver. • Recommandations 1. Accompagner la construction d’indicateurs et de métriques par le biais d’un regard critique et de discussions collectives pour mesurer leurs impacts sur les comportements des professionnels de la recherche (mésusages, gaming). 2. Porter attention aux étapes de diffusion des résultats scientifiques issus des « recherches sur la recherche » pour les adapter aux différents publics ciblés (chercheurs, responsables des politiques publiques de recherche, journalistes, etc.). 3. Articuler les travaux de « recherche sur la recherche » avec une démarche de science ouverte en questionnant notamment les choix faits concernant les fournisseurs de données, les infrastructures et outils d’évaluation, de découvrabilité et d’analyse de la production scientifique (gouvernance, utilisation des données, etc.). 4. Soutenir les approches thématiques et transversales plutôt que disciplinaire de manière collaborative entre les différents membres du Lab de la science ouverte et aider le dialogue entre les différentes approches et mouvements (STS, research on research, science of science, scientométrie, etc.)

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