Articles de revues : « Bf 441 »

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Mousa, Elsayed. « Modern blast furnace ironmaking technology : potentials to meet the demand of high hot metal production and lower energy consumption ». Metallurgical and Materials Engineering 25, n^o 2 (2 juillet 2019) : 69–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.30544/414.

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Iron and steel making is one of the most intense energy consuming in the industrial sectors. The intensive utilization of fossil carbon in the ironmaking blast furnace (BF) is related directly to CO2 emission and global warming. Lowering the energy consumption and CO2 emission from BF comes on the top priorities from both economic and environmental aspects. The BF has undergone tremendous modifications and development to increase production and improve the overall efficiency. Both technological development and scientific research drive one another to reach optimum operation conditions, which are very close to the ideal conditions; however, further development is still required to meet the stringent environmental regulations. The present article provides a comprehensive review of recent research and development which were carried out in modern blast furnace to increase the productivity meanwhile reduce the energy consumption and CO2 emission to meet the demand of steel market and the environmental protection. The recent technological and metallurgical improvements in the BF are intensively discussed including: (i) modifications of BF design, top charging and measuring system, (ii) upgrading of conventional top charging burden and alternative agglomerates, (iii) developing of tuyeres injection system and injected materials, and (iv) potentials of waste heat recovery and usage. These topics are reviewed and discussed in some details to elucidate the potential of recent progress in BF technology in saving the energy consumption and lowering CO2 emission. In this paper, the major research and development which have been carried out in ironmaking BF technology are reviewed with an overview of the future prospects.

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Sossou, Christoph, Jennifer Onwochei, Jose Bustillo, Christopher Nnaoma, Kristen Scatliffe, Pratik Patel, Tobi Ogundare, Tracey O’Brien et Casey Orzechowicz. « 431 ». Critical Care Medicine 47 (janvier 2019) : 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ccm.0000551183.39769.bf.

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Durka, R., et J. Kowalski-Glikman. « Hamiltonian analysis of \mathsf {SO}(4,1) -constrained BF theory ». Classical and Quantum Gravity 27, n^o 18 (27 juillet 2010) : 185008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/27/18/185008.

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Green, Kristian K., Jennifer L. Shea, Sudesh Vasdev, Edward Randell, Wayne Gulliver et Guang Sun. « Higher Dietary Protein Intake is Associated with Lower Body Fat in the Newfoundland Population ». Clinical Medicine Insights : Endocrinology and Diabetes 3 (janvier 2010) : CMED.S4619. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/cmed.s4619.

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Background Increased protein proportions in the diet combined with energy restriction has been shown to enhance weight loss during dietary intervention. It is not known if the beneficial effect of dietary protein exists in the general population under normal living conditions without a negative energy balance. Methods A total of 1834 participants (n = 443 men, n = 1391 women) were recruited from the CODING study. Participants' dietary macronutrient compositions were determined through a Willett FFQ. Body composition variables including percent body fat (%BF), percent trunk fat (%TF), percent total lean mass (%LM), and percent trunk lean mass (%TLM) were determined using DXA. Major confounding factors including age, physical activity levels, total caloric intake, carbohydrate intake, menopausal status, smoking status and medication use were controlled for in all analyses. Results Significant inverse relationships were observed between dietary protein intake (g/kg body weight/day) and weight, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, BMI, %BF, and %TF ( P ≤ 0.001). Significant positive relationships were observed with %LM and %TLM ( P ≤ 0.001). Additionally, significant differences in weight (12.7 kg in men, 11.4 kg in women), BMI (4.1 BMI units in men, 4.2 units in women), and %BF (7.6% in men, 6.0% in women) were observed between low and high dietary protein consuming groups ( P ≤ 0.001). Dietary protein explained 11% of the total variation in %BF in the NL population. Conclusion This study provides strong evidence that higher protein intake, even in the absence of energy restriction, is associated with a more favorable body composition in the general population.

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Ogarkov, O. B., A. E. Suzdalnitsky, P. A. Khromova, T. A. Tsyrenova, N. A. Sokolnikova, S. N. Zhdanova et M. E. Koshcheev. « BIOFILM FORMATION INDUCED BY CLINICAL ISOLATES OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS ». Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity 8, n^o 4 (16 janvier 2019) : 435–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15789/2220-7619-2018-4-435-440.

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Abstract.The data proving low probability of observing Biofilm Formation (BF) by contemporary clinical strains ofM. tuberculosisgrowing on liquid medium in vitro are discussed. A hypothesis about the role of MDR/XDR development hindering BF production was proposed. It was found that strains capable of producing BF grow on Lewenstein–Jensen medium generated R-form specific colonies shaped as a disk with a convex center, “UFO-colonies”. Sixty seven “UFO”- strains were investigated to BF production, resistance to antibiotics and their belonging to the main epidemics clusters of the Beijing genotype (CC1 and CC2-W148). It was shown that MDR/XDR strains were also capable of BF production that, however, was remarkably more frequent in strains of CC1 and CC2-W148 genotypes. Thus, it was hypothesized that BF production might potentially influence an outcome of chronic forms of TB-infection.

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Filatov, S. V., A. I. Dagman, S. V. Myasoedov, S. A. Zagainov et L. Yu Gileva. « Application of computer training systems for qualification perfection of technological personal of blast furnace shops ». Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 75, n^o 4 (18 mai 2019) : 448–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2019-4-448-453.

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Effective control of thermal state of a blast furnace (BF), considerably depending on the qualification of the technological personal, is an important condition for smelting of hot metal of required composition. Application of computer training systems (CTS) in the process of education of technological personal of BF shops is one of the effective methods of professional knowledge and skill perfection. The CTS, implemented at PAO NLMK, based on a model of thermal state of BF, elaborated in Ural Federal University and supplemented with the models of existing disturbances. Adjusting of dynamic characteristics accomplished on the base of regularity of heat- and mass exchange. According to the tasks of BF heat operative control, during the training at the CTS transient processes are studied through channels of BF thermal state control, skill is mastered to identify the tendencies of BF thermal state change in case of non-controlled disturbances action. Most important stage of the training – implementation of adequate solutions to compensate declination of BF thermal state parameters from the set-up level. The CTS implemented at PAO NLMK is operating in the mode of training and testing. The main parameters of BF operation for every particular scenario are displayed at a mnemonic diagram, which completely corresponds to the mnemonic diagram of particular BF. Within the frame of transient processes dynamics studies, tasks are stipulated to modify a BF thermal state by application of control programs. When a scenario of BF thermal state control in case of non-controlled disturbances action is realized, the process parameters change is imitated at the mnemonic diagram. It will be done in case of one of the following parameters change: coke quality change, reducibility change, iron ore material grain size change, distribution of ore by radius change. The CTS includes a module of administration, which allows collecting the statistics of tasks fulfilment by pupils and estimating the results according to accepted algorithm. The application of CTS enabled to perfect the competence of technological personal, which was expressed by declining of off-grade hot metal share.

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Deurenberg, Paul, Jan A. Weststrate et Jaap C. Seidell. « Body mass index as a measure of body fatness : age- and sex-specific prediction formulas ». British Journal of Nutrition 65, n^o 2 (mars 1991) : 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19910073.

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In 1229 subjects, 521 males and 708 females, with a wide range in body mass index (BMI; 13.9–40.9 kg/m2), and an age range of 7–83 years, body composition was determined by densitometry and anthropometry. The relationship between densitometrically-determined body fat percentage (BF%) and BMI, taking age and sex (males =1, females = 0) into account, was analysed. For children aged 15 years and younger, the relationship differed from that in adults, due to the height-related increase in BMI in children. In children the BF% could be predicted by the formula BF% = 1.51xBMI–0.70xage–3.6xsex+1.4 (R2 0.38, SE of estimate (see) 4.4% BF%). In adults the prediction formula was: BF% = 1.20xBMI+0.23xage−10.8xsex–5.4 (R2 0.79, see = 4.1% BF%). Internal and external cross-validation of the prediction formulas showed that they gave valid estimates of body fat in males and females at all ages. In obese subjects however, the prediction formulas slightly overestimated the BF%. The prediction error is comparable to the prediction error obtained with other methods of estimating BF%, such as skinfold thickness measurements or bioelectrical impedance.

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Tucker, Matthew A., Aaron R. Caldwell, Cory L. Butts, Forrest B. Robinson, Haley C. Reynebeau, Stavros A. Kavouras, Brendon P. McDermott, Tyrone A. Washington, Ronna C. Turner et Matthew S. Ganio. « Effect of hypohydration on thermoregulatory responses in men with low and high body fat exercising in the heat ». Journal of Applied Physiology 122, n^o 1 (1 janvier 2017) : 142–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00768.2016.

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It is unclear whether men with low body fat (LO-BF) have impaired thermoregulation during exercise heat stress compared with those with high body fat (HI-BF) when euhydration (EU) is maintained. Furthermore, in LO-BF individuals, hypohydration (HY) impairs thermoregulatory responses during exercise heat stress, but it is unknown whether this occurs in HI-BF counterparts. The purpose of this study was to test the hypotheses that men with HI-BF have impaired thermoregulatory responses to exercise heat stress and that HY further exacerbates these impairments vs. LO-BF. Men with LO-BF [ n = 11, body mass (BM) 73.9 ± 8.5 kg, BF% 13.6 ± 3.8] and HI-BF ( n = 9, BM 89.6 ± 6.9 kg, BF% 30.2 ± 4.1), in a randomized crossover design, performed 60 min of upright cycling in a hot environment (40.3 ± 0.4°C, relative humidity 32.5 ± 1.9%) at a metabolic heat production rate of 6 W/kg BM and finished exercise either euhydrated (EU; 0.3 ± 1.2 vs. 0.3 ± 0.9% BM loss) or HY (−2.5 ± 1.1 vs. −1.7 ± 1.5% BM loss). Changes in rectal temperature (ΔTrec), local sweat rate (ΔLSR), and cutaneous vascular conductance (ΔCVC; %max) were measured throughout. When EU, LO-BF and HI-BF had similar CVC and LSR responses ( P > 0.05); however, LO-BF had a lower ΔTrec vs. HI-BF (0.92 ± 0.35 vs. 1.31 ± 0.32°C, P = 0.021). Compared with EU, HY increased end-exercise ΔTrec in LO-BF (0.47 ± 0.37°C, P < 0.01) but not in HI-BF (−0.06 ± 0.29°C, P > 0.05). HY, compared with EU, did not affect ΔLSR and ΔCVC in either group ( P > 0.05). We conclude that, when euhydrated, men with HI-BF have a greater increase in Trec vs. LO-BF but similar CVC and LSR. HY exacerbates increases in Trec in LO-BF but not HI-BF. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first known investigation to compare thermoregulatory responses to exercise heat stress between men with high and low body fat (BF) in a physiologically uncompensable environment while simultaneously examining the confounding influence of hydration status. Both groups demonstrated similar sweating and cutaneous vasodilatory responses when euhydrated, despite vast differences in rectal temperature. Furthermore, in contrast to low BF, individuals with high BF demonstrated similar increases in core body temperature when either euhydrated or hypohydrated.

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Chen, Cheng Ming, Hui Wang, Yong Tang et Xun Zhang. « Visual Fatigue Caused by Tablet PC Based on Critical Fusion Frequency and Eye Blink Frequency ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 401-403 (septembre 2013) : 544–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.401-403.544.

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The objective of the study is to evaluate visual fatigue induced by different tablet PCs (LCD/OLED) by measuring CFF (critical fusion frequency), BF (eye blink frequency) and (SR) subjective rating. Twelve healthy subjects (10 males and 2 females) participated in the study in a controlled simulated living environment with a 18-23°C temperature, 30-45% relative humidity and 150lx illuminance. The experiment was carried out about 50 minutes, including: 30 minutes watching task (EOG test) and 20 minutes test (including subjective questionnaire and CFF test before and after the experiment). The experiment design included dependent variables: CFF, BF and subjective rating (SR); and two independent variables: Tablet PC types, watching times. As a result, after the experiment, the decline range of CFF of LCD was lower significant than that of OLED (p<0.001); the decline range of BF of LCD was higher than that of OLED (p<0.01). Also, subjective rating indicated a consistent result that higher visual fatigue was founded after watching LCD. As a whole, watching LCD tablet PC caused higher visual fatigue than watching OLED tablet PC in general.

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Tucker, Larry A., Amy J. Cook, Neil R. Nokes et Troy B. Adams. « Telephone-Based Diet and Exercise Coaching and a Weight-Loss Supplement Result in Weight and Fat Loss in 120 Men and Women ». American Journal of Health Promotion 23, n^o 2 (novembre 2008) : 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4278/ajhp.07051646.

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Purpose. Determine the effects of telephone-based coaching and a weight-loss supplement on the weight and body fat (BF) of overweight adults. Design. Randomized, placebo-controlled experiment with assessments at baseline, 2 months, and 4 months. Setting. Community. Subjects. Sixty overweight or obese men and 60 overweight or obese women, 25 to 60 years old. Intervention. Eleven 30-minute telephone coaching sessions were spaced throughout the study; the initial conversation lasted 60 to 90 minutes. Supplement or placebo capsules were taken daily over the 17 weeks. Measures. Weight was measured using an electronic scale, and BF was assessed using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Results. Subjects taking the placebo lost 1.8 + 3.3 kg of weight and 0.7 + 2.2 kg of BF, whereas supplement users lost more: 3.1 + 3.7 kg of weight (F = 4.1, P = .045) and 1.7 + 2.6 kg of BF (F = 4.4, p = .039). Participants receiving no coaching lost 1.8 + 3.3 kg of weight and 0.7 + 2.2 kg of BF, whereas adults receiving coaching lost more: 3.2 + 3.6 kg of weight (F = 4.8, p = .032) and 1.6 + 2.5 kg of BF (F = 4.2, p = .044). Adults receiving both the supplement and coaching had the greatest losses of weight and BF, suggesting an additive effect (F = 3.2, p = .026; F = 2.9, p = .039, respectively). Conclusions. Both treatments, coaching and the supplement, viewed separately and in combination, worked to help subjects lose weight and BF. Adults can be educated and motivated via telephone to change behaviors leading to weight loss, and a weight-loss supplement can be included to increase success.

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Salamunes, Ana Carla Chierighini, Adriana Maria Wan Stadnik et Eduardo Borba Neves. « ESTIMATION OF FEMALE BODY FAT PERCENTAGE BASED ON BODY CIRCUMFERENCES ». Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte 24, n^o 2 (mars 2018) : 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1517-869220182402181175.

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ABSTRACT Introduction: The increase in the prevalence of obesity entails the need for accurate low-cost methods to estimate body fat percentage (BF%). Objective: The aim of this study was to develop mathematical models to estimate the BF% of young women from southern Brazil using inexpensive equipment, based on body circumferences (BC), considering the shortage of specific studies of this population. Methods: Subjects were women (n=130) aged 18 to 35 years (26.06±4.41 years), from the city of Curitiba. Body mass and stature were measured and used to estimate body mass index (BMI), while BC measurements of the arm, forearm, waist (narrowest point and umbilicus), abdomen, hip, thigh and leg were taken for use in the mathematical models. Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) equipment recorded the BF%. Pearson’s correlation was used for anthropometric variables and age in association with BF%. The indicators with best correlations were used to estimate linear regression mathematical models for prediction of BF%. The results of the two models and of nine anthropometric equations were compared to those obtained with the DXA using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and paired t-test. Results: Age was not significantly correlated with BF% (r=0.113 and p=0.200). The BCs with the highest correlations with BF% were abdomen, hip and waist - umbilicus (r=0.697, 0.682, 0.660, respectively, and p<0.001). Eight equations showed positive correlation with BF%, but only the results obtained with the models estimated in this study did not differ from those of DXA, with paired t-test. Mathematical models were developed with three (r=0.744, r²=0.554; t=0.16 and p=0.869) and six (r=0.768, r²=0.591; t=-0.04 and p=0.967) anthropometric variables. Conclusion: The use of mathematical models developed for estimating BF% based on body circumference and body mass is considered feasible. Level of Evidence II; Diagnostic studies - Investigating a diagnostic test.

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Zhu, W.-M., H.-Y. Guo et Z.-G. Ye. « Structure and properties of multiferroic (1 − x)BiFeO3–xPbTiO3 single crystals ». Journal of Materials Research 22, n^o 8 (août 2007) : 2136–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2007.0268.

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Single crystals of the multiferroic (1 − x)BiFeO3–xPbTiO3 (BF–PT) solid solution with a nominal morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) composition were grown from flux. Structural characterization by x-ray diffraction shows the simultaneous existence of a tetragonal, an orthorhombic, and a rhombohedral perovskite phase in the crystals. A high ferroelectric Curie point of 660 °C was found in the BF–PT crystals by dielectric measurements. The variation of the magnetic moment as a function of temperature of the BF–PT crystals measured under zero field cooling mode reveals three anomalies with the highest one around 440 K, corresponding to the antiferromagnetic ordering temperatures of the rhombohedral, orthorhombic, and tetragonal phases, respectively. These results demonstrate the intrinsic relations between the MPB phase components and the macroscopic ferroic properties.

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Braulio, Valeria Bender, Valéria Cristina Soares Furtado, Maria das Graças Silveira, Maria Helena Fonseca et José Egídio Oliveira. « Comparison of body composition methods in overweight and obese Brazilian women ». Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & ; Metabologia 54, n^o 4 (juin 2010) : 398–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-27302010000400009.

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OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare skinfold thickness (SKF) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) of body composition using three different equations against dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in overweight and obese Brazilian women. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Thirty-four women (age 43.8 ± 10.9 years; body mass index [BMI] 32.1 ± 4.3 kg/m²) had percentage body fat (BF%), fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) estimated by DXA, SKF and BIA (BIA-man: manufacturer's equation; and predictive obesity-specific equations of Segal and of Gray). Regression analysis, Bland-Altman plot analysis and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) were used to compare methods. RESULTS: Absolute agreement between DXA and BIA-man was poor for all measures of body composition (BF% -6.8% ± 3.7%, FM -3.1 ± 3.6 kg, FFM 5.7 ± 2.8 kg). BIA-Segal equation showed good absolute agreement with DXA for BF% (1.5% ± 1.5%), FM (1.0 ± 3.2 kg) and FFM (1.5 ± 2.6 kg), albeit the limits of agreement were wide. BIA-Gray equation showed good absolute agreement with DXA for FM (2.3 ± 4.1 kg), and smaller biases for BF% (0.05% ± 4.4%) and FFM (0.2 ± 2.9 kg), although wide limits of agreement. BIA-Gray and DXA showed the highest ICC among the pairs of methods. A good absolute agreement was observed between DXA and SKF for BF% (-2.3% ± 5.8%), FM (0.09 ± 4.7 kg), and FFM (2.4 ± 4.4 kg), although limits of agreement were wider and ICC between DXA and SKF for BF% indicated poor degree of reproducibility. CONCLUSION: These findings show that both BIA-Segal and BIA-Gray equations are suitable for BF%, FM and FFM estimations in overweight and obese women.

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Materko, Wollner, et Edil Luis Santos. « Optimal cut-off values for obesity using classification tree in middle-aged adults living Rio de Janeiro city ». International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 5, n^o 7 (24 juin 2017) : 3172. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20173008.

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Background: The goal present study was to identify cut-off points for body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) to predict values of obesity based body fat percentage (BF%) using classification tree in middle-aged adults living Rio de Janeiro city, Brazil.Methods: The data was collected in a prospective cohort composed of 886 adults (443 men and 443 women) ranging from 30 to 59 years along two years (2010 - 2011) in Rio de Janeiro City, Brazil. All subjects were submitted to anthropometric evaluation and the gold standard was the percentage of body fat estimated by bioelectrical impedance analysis. The optimal sensitivity was achieved by adjusting BMI and WC cut-off values to predict obesity based on WHO criteria: BF% >25% in men and >35% in women according to the tree classification.Results: The best cut-off for BMI and WC were 28 kg/m2 and 99 cm, respectively, with a prediction of 99.4% overall tree sensitivity in men. For women, the best cut-off for BMI and WC were 26 kg/m2 and 90 cm, respectively, with a prediction of 90.1% overall tree sensitivity.Conclusions: The BMI and WC that corresponds to a BF% previously defining obesity is similar to other Western population, but different of the recommended by WHO and NCEP to BMI and WC thresholds, respectively, for defining obesity for both genders.

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Liu, Jing, Shanming Li, Chuanpeng Qian, Yuqing Fan, Ting Yu, Chengchun Zhao, Xiangchun Shi, Yin Hang et Xisheng Ye. « High-beam-quality 2 μm tunable Tm:GdScO₃ laser pumped by a 793 nm laser diode ». Laser Physics Letters 19, n^o 11 (6 octobre 2022) : 115801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1612-202x/ac92e0.

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Abstract The continuous wave laser characteristics of a Tm:GdScO3 laser were researched in this work. Under the absorbed pump power of 19.11 W, a maximum output power of 4.41 W was obtained at 1978 nm, corresponding to the slope efficiency of 28.25%. With a quartz birefringent filter (BF), a broad wavelength tunable range from 1845 nm to 2006 nm was obtained, for the first time. Then, a long-pass filter was used to replace the quartz BF. A maximum output power of 3.21 W was obtained at 2002 nm, with the slope efficiency of 21.98%. The beam quality factors M 2 for horizontal and vertical directions were 1.14 and 1.11, respectively.

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Zhen, Liang, W. H. Hu, Wen Zhu Shao, J. Z. Chen, Xin Mei Zhang et Bao You Zhang. « DRX in 7050 Aluminum Alloy during Constraint Deformation Processing at High Temperature ». Key Engineering Materials 353-358 (septembre 2007) : 647–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.353-358.647.

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Combined extrusion experiment (including direct and indirect extrusion) at 440 for large amount of deformation was carried out with the solution treated AA7050 aluminum alloy. Qualitative description and quantitative characterization were conducted employing electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) technique on the microstructure of typical regions with different filler contents. These characteristic regions were filled at the following stages: ahead of filling (AF), beginning of filling (BF), mid stage of filling (MF) and the end of filling (EF). EBSD results showed that recrystallization fraction during direct extrusion were 8.3%, 13.5%, 9.3% and 11.2%, for AF, BF, MF and EF, respectively. Recrystallization fraction during indirect extrusion were 15.5%, 9.1% 5.2% and 9.9%，for AF, BF, MF and EF, respectively. It shows that the mode and the amount of deformation played an important role in DRX. DRX grains were formed continuously during direct extrusion, while during indirect extrusion, fewer DRX grains generated, and only originally generated DRX grains grew larger gradually.

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Lizana, Pablo A., Sofia González, Lydia Lera et Bárbara Leyton. « ASSOCIATION BETWEEN BODY COMPOSITION, SOMATOTYPE AND SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS IN CHILEAN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS AT DIFFERENT SCHOOL LEVELS ». Journal of Biosocial Science 50, n^o 1 (27 février 2017) : 53–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932017000025.

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SummaryThis study examined the association between body composition, somatotype and socioeconomic status (SES) in Chilean children and adolescents by sex and school level (grade). The cross-sectional study was conducted on 1168 schoolchildren aged 6–18 years (572 males) from Valparaíso, Chile. Body composition, as assessed by percentage body fat (BF%) and somatotype, was evaluated using Ellis equations and the Heath–Carter method, respectively. The socioeconomic status of respondents was assessed using the ESOMAR survey. Obesity was defined as BF% ≥25 for boys and ≥30 for girls; ‘high endomorph’ somatotype was defined as a somatotype endomorph component (EC) of at least 5.5. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between high adiposity and SES, potential confounding factors and school level. In females, the results indicated that the groups with lower SES had higher EC. At the 1st(youngest) school level (1–4thgrades), males exhibited similar trends in their BF% and EC. High adiposity was associated with the female sex (BF%: OR=3.39; 95% CI 2.60, 4.41; high EC: OR=2.31; 95% CI 1.80, 2.98). In addition, low SES increased the risk of high adiposity compared with high SES (BF%: OR=2.25; 95% CI 1.40, 3.61; high EC: OR=2.19; 95% CI 1.37, 3.47). An association was observed between increased adiposity and lower SES, mainly in females, which indicates that females with low SES might be at greater risk of obesity.

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Ene, Antoaneta, et Geta Szabo. « XRF assessment of microcomposition and basicity index of metallurgical slags ». Annals of the ”Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati Fascicle II Mathematics Physics Theoretical Mechanics 44, n^o 2 (29 décembre 2021) : 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.35219/ann-ugal-math-phys-mec.2021.2.01.

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Slag analysis is very important in maintaining the quality standards of metallurgical processes. The chemical structure and the physical features of slag play a very important role in the management of blast furnace (BF) processes, favouring the development of the decreasing reactions and acting as a thermoregulator of the furnace by the adjustment of heat transmission through the metallic bath. In this paper, the following ranges of oxides concentrations were obtained in BF slags by X-ray fluorescence with wavelength dispersion (WXRF): 32.29-35.56% SiO2; 42.41-44.1 % CaO; 12.20-15.63% Al2O3; 0.40-0.85% MnO; 5.38-6.17% MgO; 0.45-0.69% FeO. The calculated basicity index of slags varied between 1.031 and 1.103, denoting the acidic character of slags.

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Yam, Phoebe, Jody Albright, Melissa VerHague et Brian Bennett. « Genetic Background Heavily Impacts Effects of Diet on Obesity in a Collaborative Cross Population ». Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (29 mai 2020) : 1282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa058_040.

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Abstract Objectives Obesity is a complex disease long established to be strongly influenced by diet, yet it is still unclear why no specific diet can effectively control obesity development across all human populations. Because genetics also strongly impacts the development of obesity, we tested the hypothesis that individual genetic background determines how strongly diet affects adiposity accumulation by quantifying the impact of genetics and diet on adiposity in a panel of genetically diverse recombinant inbred mice. Methods Female mice from 22 Collaborative Cross (CC) strains (total n = 204) were first placed on a synthetic control (AIN-76A) diet for 2 weeks, and then randomly assigned to either a high protein (HP, n = 102) or high fat high sucrose (HS, n = 102) diet for 8 weeks. MRI body composition analysis was performed on the mice to assess baseline body composition and weight after 2 weeks on AIN-76A, and again 8 weeks post-diet. Changes in adiposity accumulation (ΔBF%) were calculated by subtracting baseline % body fat (BF%) from post-diet BF%. Results At baseline there was a wide range of adiposity in the CC ranging from 1.1–29.8% body fat, with line CC019 least susceptible to obesity (mean BF% = 4.4 ± 0.56%) and line CC028 most susceptible (mean BF% = 23.1 ± 1.5%); genetic background (CC strain) had a significant effect on BF% (ANOVA, F = 12.4, P = 7.7 × 10−25). After 8 weeks of the diet challenge, CC019 was the strain least susceptible to obesity regardless of diet (mean HP BF% = 4.7 ± 0.4%, mean HS BF% = 4.6 ± 0.5%), while strains most prone to obesity on HP and HS diets were CC040 (mean BF% = 29.7 ± 1.3%) and CC028 (mean BF% = 35.7 ± 2.0%), respectively. Diet induced a wide range of effects on changes in adiposity depending on strain, including fat loss on both diets (CC036, ΔBF% HP = −5.1 ± 2.5% and HS = −4.1 ± 2.3%), similar fat gain on both diets (CC040, ΔBF% HP = 4.2 ± 0.8% and HS = 5.1 ± 2.1%), dramatic fat gain on one diet compared to the other (CC028, ΔBF% HP = 2.0 ± 1.1% and HS = 11.1 ± 1.1%), or fat loss/gain depending on the diet (CC027, ΔBF% HP = −1.4 ± 1.0% and HS = 6.8 ± 1.7%). Linear mixed model analysis revealed significant effects of strain x diet interactions on ΔBF% (Satterthwaite approx., P = 1.5 × 10−5). Conclusions Genetic background plays a significant role in the predisposition of obesity development and determining the degree of diet effects on adiposity accumulation in the CC. Funding Sources USDA.

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Shepetovskii, I. E., A. G. Shalygin, M. R. Sadradinov, R. I. Nuriev, A. S. Bliznyukov, A. R. Makavetskas et Yu Yu Fishchenko. « Study of the scull composition in the blast furnace hearth of Kosaya Gora steel-works, producing ferromanganese with application of schungite (report 1) ». Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 75, n^o 4 (18 mai 2019) : 432–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2019-4-432-447.

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Processes of lining erosion and scull formation effect considerably the blast furnace (BF) campaign duration. Among factors, influencing the processes, impacts are distinguished, stipulated by the kind of smelted product as well as materials used for scull formation. In the BF No. 2 of Kosaya Gora steel-works within the campaign from October 1999 until November 2015, 930,000 t of high-carbon ferromanganese (mainly ФМн78 grade) and 110,000 t of foundry iron were produced. After it stoppage for overhaul, samples of the scull were picked out and studied. It was revealed, that the scull of walls of BF hearth has a laminated structure and consists of crystallization products of metal and slag melts, namely: graphite, iron carbides, manganese carbides, iron, ferromanganese, slag components. At the macro level the scull has a lamellar structure. Since during the last campaign the blast furnace apart from ferromanganese was smelting foundry iron rather long time, in the samples, picked out at the level of iron notch at some distance from the cooler, the scull metallic phase mainly consisted of iron and iron carbide. In the sample picked out at a big distance from the cooler, in the scull metallic phase the following phases were discovered by X-ray structural and Moessbauer methods: ferromanganese; complicated manganese and iron carbides, as well as α-iron. Quantity of slag components in the scull decreases in direction from iron notch level to the hearth that speaks about splitting (still in the BF hearth) slag and metallic components of the heat products. In the scull content different slag components present: silicate (38.3–47.2% SiO2) with high content of К2О + Na2O (до 32.2%), MnO (up to 7.5%) and FeO (up to 33.2%). During the quick cooling of the components on the hearth cooler, different compositions are formed: X-ray amorphous “glassy phase”, olivine composition slags of Ca(Mn,Fe,Mg)SiO4 type, wollastonite, melilite with high amount of iron and manganese. Fine inclusions of titanium nitride are presented in the scull in a small amount, as well as manganese and silicon nitrides and carbonitrides, perofskite CaTiO, the role of which is insignificant in the scull forming.

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Giuriato, Gaia, Stephen J. Ives, Cantor Tarperi, Lorenzo Bortolan, Federico Ruzzante, Anna Pedrinolla, Camilla Martignon et al. « Timed synchronization of muscle contraction to heartbeat enhances muscle hyperemia ». Journal of Applied Physiology 128, n^o 4 (1 avril 2020) : 805–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00898.2019.

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Blood flow (BF) to exercising muscles is susceptible to variations of intensity, and duration of skeletal muscle contractions, cardiac cycle, blood velocity, and vessel dilation. During cyclic muscle activity, these elements may change proportionally with or without direct optimal temporal alignment, likely influencing BF to active muscle. Ideally, the pulsed delivery of blood to active muscle timed with the inactive phase of muscle duty-cycle would enhance the peak and average BF. To investigate the phenomenon of muscle contraction and pulse synchronicity, electrically evoked muscle contractions (trains of 20 Hz, 200-ms duration) were synchronized with each systolic phase of the anterograde blood velocity spectrum (aBVS). Specifically, unilateral quadriceps contractions matched in-phase (IP) with the aBVS were compared with contractions matched out-of-phase (OP) with the aBVS in 10 healthy participants (26 ± 3 yr). During each trial, femoral BF of the contracting limb and central hemodynamics were recorded for 5 min with an ultrasound Doppler, a plethysmograph, and a cardioimpedance device. At steady state (5th min) IP BF (454 ± 30 mL/min) and vascular conductance (4.3 ± 0.2 mL·min−1·mmHg−1), and OP MAP (108 ± 2 mmHg) were significantly lower ( P < 0.001) in comparison to OP BF (784 ± 25 mL/min) and vascular conductance (6.7 ± 0.2 mL·min−1·mmHg−1), and IP MAP (113 ± 3 mmHg). On the contrary, no significant difference (all, P > 0.05) was observed between IP and OP central hemodynamics (HR: 79 ± 10 vs. 76 ± 11 bpm, CO: 8.0 ± 1.6 vs. 7.3 ± 1.6 L/min), and ventilatory patterns (V̇e:14 ± 2 vs. 14 ± 1 L/min, V̇o2:421 ± 70 vs. 397 ± 34 mL/min). The results suggest that muscle contractions occurring during OP that do not interfere with aBVS elicit a maximization of muscle functional hyperemia. NEW & NOTEWORTHY When muscle contraction is synchronized with the pulsed delivery of blood flow to active muscle, muscle functional hyperemia can be either maximized or minimized. This suggests a possibility to couple different strategies to enhance the acute and chronic effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system.

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Ito, S., S. Sakai, Y. Kurosawa, D. Kobayashi, R. Okabayashi, A. Abe, H. Otani et al. « AB0297 THE LONG-TERM OBSERVATION OF PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS WHO ACHIEVED A BIO-FREE CONDITION WITH ADALIMUMAB. » Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (juin 2020) : 1447.1–1448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.2406.

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Background:Biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) caused a paradigm shift in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, their high cost is a burden for patients and the national medical economy.Objectives:To analyze the long-term outcomes of patients with RA who achieved a bio-free condition (BF) with adalimumab (ADA).Methods:We followed 25 patients (male 6, female 19) who discontinued ADA with clinical remission (CR), and one female with a low disease activity (LDA), over 19.4 ±7.8 months of ADA treatment1). At the introduction of ADA, the average age was 51.2 ± 11.9 years old, and the average disease duration was 45.1 ± 48.4 months. The disease activity measured by disease activity score based on C-reactive protein (DAS28-CRP) was defined as follows: CR, <2.3; LDA, 2.3 - 2.7; moderate DA, 2.7 -4.1; and high DA, > 4.1, since the DAS28-CRP tends to be lower than the DAS28-based on the erythrocyte sedimentation rate in Japanese patients2).Results:We lost one patient with a transfer to another hospital. Four patients re-started ADA due to flare (DAS28-CRP>2.7) but achieved CR (in BF) again with the intensification of the treatment (dose increase or initiation of prednisolone [PSL] and/or conventional synthetic [cs] DMARDs such as tacrolimus or iguratimode). The DAS28-CRP significantly decreased from 3.45 ± 1.32 at base line (BL) to 1.55 ± 0.41 (p<0.0001) at BF. It remained 1.59 ± 0.59 (n=25) at 24 months after BF, 1.56 ± 0.39 (n= 20) at 48 months, 1.8 ± 0.7 (n=11) at 60 months. At the last observation, every patient remained in CR up to 84 months (n=2, Figure 1). The modified health assessment questionnaire score significantly decreased from 0.42 ± 0.46 (BL, n=19) to 0.02 ± 0.05 (p<0.002) at BF. It remained 0.03 ± 0.07 (n=19) at 24 months and 0.06 ± 0.14 (n=14) at 48 months, 0.04 ± 0.08 at 60 months (n=9). The PSL dose (mg/day) decreased from 3.2 ± 3.3 (BL) to 2.2 ± 2.8 at BF and 2.04 ± 2.13 (n=25) at 24 months, 1.73 ± 1.9 (n=20) at 48 months, and 1.6 ± 2.3 (n=11) at 60 months, but there were no significant changes. The methotrexate (MTX) dose (mg/week) increased from 10.1 ± 2.9 (BL) to 10.6 ± 2.6 (p< 0.78) at BF, 10.4 ± 3.3 (n=25) at 24 months, 10.7 ± 3.4 (n=20) at 48 months, 10.4 ± 3.1 at 60 months (not significant). The number of csDMARDs significantly increased from 0.8 ± 0.6 (BL) to 1.3 ± 0.9 (p<0.001, at BF), 2.56 ± 0.94 (n=25) at 24 months, 1.6 ± 1.01 (n=20) at 48 mnths, and 1.6 ± 2.3 at 60 months (n=11, Figure 2).Conclusion:BF can be sustained with an adequate dose of MTX and combination of csDMARDs.References:[1]Ito S, et al. An analysis of the biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drug-free condition of adalimumab-treated rheumatoid arthritis patients. Intern Med 58: 511-519, 2019[2]Inoue E, et al. Comparison of Disease Activity Score (DAS)28-erythrocyte sedimentation rate and DAS28- C-reactive protein threshold values. Ann Rheum Dis. 66:407-409, 2007.Disclosure of Interests:Satoshi Ito Speakers bureau: Abbvie,Eisai, Shunsuke sakai: None declared, Yoichi Kurosawa: None declared, Daisuke Kobayashi: None declared, Ryo Okabayashi: None declared, Asami Abe: None declared, Hiroshi Otani: None declared, Kiyoshi Nakazono: None declared, Akira Murasawa: None declared, Ichiei Narita: None declared, Hajime Ishikawa: None declared

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Gray, Vicki L., Larissa M. Juren, Tanya D. Ivanova et S. Jayne Garland. « Retraining Postural Responses With Exercises Emphasizing Speed Poststroke ». Physical Therapy 92, n^o 7 (15 mars 2012) : 924–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20110432.

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Background Postural responses are impaired after stroke, with reduced or delayed muscle activity in the paretic leg muscles. Objective The efficacy of exercises emphasizing speed of movement in modifying postural responses to perturbations that were not practiced was investigated. Design This was a dual cohort design. Methods A convenience sample of 32 individuals with hemiparesis poststroke (mean number of weeks poststroke=11.3, SD=4.1) who were recruited upon discharge from an inpatient rehabilitation hospital and a control group of age- and sex-matched individuals who were healthy (n=32) performed a single session of exercise emphasizing speed of movement. To assess postural responses to internal perturbation, unilateral arm raise and load drop tasks were performed before exercises (pre-exercise), immediately after exercises (post-exercise), and 15 minutes after exercises (retention). The time to burst peak and area of the biceps femoris muscle (BF) electromyographic (EMG) activity in the arm raise task was measured with the arm acceleration and velocity of the center of pressure (COP) excursion. For the load drop task, the anticipatory EMG deactivation area of the BF was calculated. In both tasks, the vertical ground reaction forces were recorded for each leg separately. Results Before exercise, EMG and force platform measures were smaller in the stroke group than in the control group. After exercise, the paretic BF time to burst peak decreased, the paretic BF EMG area increased, and the COP velocity increased in the arm raise task, as did the paretic BF anticipatory EMG deactivation area in the load drop task. The stroke group was weight bearing more symmetrically after exercises. Most changes were retained 15 minutes after the exercises. Limitations The retention period was short, and there was no control group of individuals with stroke. Conclusions The results of this efficacy study demonstrated that fast movement exercises improved postural responses to perturbations that were not practiced.

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Ong, Yi Ying, Suresh Anand Sadananthan, Izzuddin M. Aris, Mya Thway Tint, Wen Lun Yuan, Jonathan Y. Huang, Yiong Huak Chan et al. « Mismatch between poor fetal growth and rapid postnatal weight gain in the first 2 years of life is associated with higher blood pressure and insulin resistance without increased adiposity in childhood : the GUSTO cohort study ». International Journal of Epidemiology 49, n^o 5 (20 août 2020) : 1591–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyaa143.

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Abstract Background Using longitudinal ultrasounds as an improved fetal growth marker, we aimed to investigate if fetal growth deceleration followed by rapid postnatal weight gain is associated with childhood cardiometabolic risk biomarkers in a contemporary well-nourished population. Methods We defined fetal growth deceleration (FGD) as ultrasound-measured 2nd-3rd-trimester abdominal circumference decrease by ≥0.67 standard deviation score (SDS) and rapid postnatal weight gain (RPWG) as 0–2-year-old weight increase by ≥0.67 SDS. In the GUSTO mother-offspring cohort, we grouped 797 children into four groups of FGD-only (14.2%), RPWG-only (23.3%), both (mismatch, 10.7%) or neither (reference, 51.8%). Adjusting for confounders and comparing with the reference group, we tested associations of these growth groups with childhood cardiometabolic biomarkers: magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-measured abdominal fat (n = 262), liver fat (n = 216), intramyocellular lipids (n = 227), quantitative magnetic resonance-measured overall body fat % (BF%) (n = 310), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (n = 323), arterial wall thickness (n = 422) and stiffness (n = 443), and blood pressure trajectories (ages 3–6 years). Results Mean±SD birthweights were: FGD-only (3.11 ± 0.38 kg), RPWG-only (3.03 ± 0.37 kg), mismatch (2.87 ± 0.31 kg), reference (3.30 ± 0.36 kg). FGD-only children had elevated blood pressure trajectories without correspondingly increased BF%. RPWG-only children had altered body fat partitioning, higher BF% [BF = 4.26%, 95% confidence interval (CI) (2.34, 6.19)], HOMA-IR 0.28 units (0.11, 0.45)] and elevated blood pressure trajectories. Mismatch children did not have increased adiposity, but had elevated ectopic fat, elevated HOMA-IR [0.29 units (0.04,0.55)] and the highest blood pressure trajectories. Associations remained even after excluding small-for-gestational-age infants from analyses. Conclusions Fetal growth deceleration coupled with rapid postnatal weight gain was associated with elevated childhood cardiometabolic risk biomarkers without correspondingly increased BF%.

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Ciezki, Jay P., Harguneet Singh, Chandana A. Reddy, Steven C. Campbell, James Ulchaker, Kenneth Angermeier, Andrew J. Stephenson, Rahul D. Tendulkar, Kevin L. Stephans et Eric A. Klein. « Comparisons of outcomes for patients with high-risk prostate cancer treated with brachytherapy, external beam radiation, or radical prostatectomy. » Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, n^o 2_suppl (10 janvier 2016) : 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.2_suppl.63.

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63 Background: There is no consensus on how to best treat patients (pts) with high-risk prostate cancer. Methods: The outcomes for 2,736 high-risk prostate cancer pts treated with radical prostatectomy (RP), external beam radiotherapy (RT), and I-125 brachytherapy (BT) at a single institution from 1996 to 2012 were reviewed. The majority of RT pts were treated prior to 2002 because of our preference for RP and BT over time. High-risk was defined per the NCCN criteria. The outcomes assessed were biochemical failure (bF), clinical failure (cF), and prostate cancer mortality (PCM). Results: The distribution by treatment was RP 54%, RT 27%, and BT 19%. The median follow up for all pts was 4.6 years (y) (range 0.1-19.5): 3.8 y (0.1-18.7) for RP, 7.7 y (0.1-19.4) for RT, and 4.1 y (0.1-16.8) for BT pts. No patient received RT+BT, and 44% received androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). On multivariable analysis (see table) RP pts were at higher risk for bF vs. RT; BT pts and RT pts were at higher risk for cF vs. RP; and RT pts were at higher risk for PCM vs. RP. All multivariable analyses were adjusted for clinical stage, biopsy Gleason score, pre-treatment PSA, and duration of ADT. Conclusions: RP is associated with worse bF but better cF and PCM. There is no difference between BT and RT for bF, cF, or PCM while BT and RP had similar PCM. These outcomes may be a result of selection bias or differences in follow up time among the three treatment arms so no demonstration of modality superiority is possible. [Table: see text]

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Al-Rajhi, Aisha M. H., Hanan Moawad, Mohamed M. Alawlaqi, Hashim R. Felemban et Tarek M. Abdel Ghany. « Bread spoilage fungi as creators of α amylase using two types of wheat flour ». BioResources 18, n^o 3 (17 juillet 2023) : 5908–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.18.3.5908-5923.

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Fungal spoilage of bread can be a great problem; however, it can be explored as a producer of enzymes. The fungi were isolated from breads, and their activity for α-amylase production was planned. The results identified nine fungi on spoiled breads. Aspergillus fumigatus occurred with 85% frequency, followed by other isolates. Starch yeast (SY), white flour (WF), and black flour (BF) were applied as substrates for α-amylase activity using fungal isolates. The SY was the best, followed by WF and BF for α-amylase activity. Using SY, A. niger showed the greatest potency for α-amylase (7.67 U/mL) unlike Monilia sitophila, which reflected low α-amylase activity (2.69 U/mL). Using WF, A. fumigatus reflected high amylase activity (5.76 U/mL) while A. niger, A. terreus, and Penicillium expansum showed less activity (5.12 U/mL, 4.41 U/mL, and 3.56 U/mL, respectively). The temperature 30 °C and pH 6 were the optimum for α-amylase activity by A. niger, A. fumigatus, and P. chrysogenum, using the three media, but α-amylase activity of A. fumigatus at 40 °C was higher than at 20 °C. At the ninth day of incubation, the maximum α-amylase activity was reported using SY, while at the twelfth day, maximum activity was reported using WF and BF.

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Rodrigues, G., K. Bae, M. Roach, C. Lawton, B. Donnelly, D. Grignon, G. Hanks, A. Porter, H. Lepor et H. Sandler. « Impact of ultrahigh baseline PSA levels on biochemical and clinical outcomes in two Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) prostate clinical trials ». Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, n^o 15_suppl (20 mai 2009) : 5123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.5123.

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5123 Background: Controversy exists regarding the outcomes of prostate cancer patients (PCP) presenting with ultra-high (UH; defined as PSA ≥ 50 ng/ml) PSA levels. The objectives of this study were to assess the outcome of this patient population compared to other high-risk patients and to identify predictors associated with biochemical/clinical outcomes. Methods: PCP from two phase III RTOG PC clinical trials (9202 and 9413) were divided into two groups; high-risk patients with and without UH baseline PSA level. Predictive variables included age, Gleason score, T stage, KPS, and treatment arm. Outcomes included overall survival (OS), distant metastasis (DM), and biochemical failure (BF) by Phoenix definition. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used for OS, and Fine and Gray's regression model was used for DM and BF to test the hypotheses that a difference in each outcome exists between the two groups. Results: There are 401 PCP in the UH PSA and 1792 in the non-UH PSA cohort. Median age was 70 years and PCP were evenly distributed across the Gleason groups (2–6, 7, 8–10) for the non-UH (median PSA 22.4 ng/ml) and the UH PSA (median PSA 72.8ng/ml) cohort. The UH PSA cohort had a larger proportion of T1-T2 disease (p = 0.01) and a smaller proportion of Gleason 8 disease (p = 0.04) than the non-UH group. PCP with UH PSA was found to have inferior OS (HR 1.19, 95% CI 1.02–1.39), DM rate (HR 1.51, 95% CI 1.19–1.92), and BF rate (HR 1.50, 95% CI 1.29–1.73) when compared to other high-risk PCP in multivariable modeling. In the UH cohort, PSA level was found to model risk of DM (HR 1.01, 95% CI 1.001–1.02) but not OS and BF. Gleason grade 8–10 was found to consistently predict for poor OS, DM, and BF outcomes (with HR estimates ranging from 1.41 to 2.36) in both the overall and UH cohort multivariable analyses. Conclusions: UH PSA levels at diagnosis are related with detrimental changes in OS, DM, and BF. All three outcomes assessed in this investigation can be modeled by various combinations all predictive variables tested. Supported by RTOG U10 CA21661, CCOP U10 CA37422, and Stat U10 CA32115 grants from the NCI. This abstract's contents are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the NCI. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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Rubin, Seymour J. « Les entreprises multinationales en droit international. By Patrizio Merciai. (Brussels : Etablissements Emile Bruylant, 1993. Pp. 414. bf 3.200.) ». American Journal of International Law 89, n^o 1 (janvier 1995) : 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2203925.

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Pluncevikj Gligoroska, Jasmina, Sanja Manchevska, Ljudmila Efremova, Lidija Todorovska et Slobodan Nikolic. « Body composition and maximal oxygen consumption in adult soccer players in the Republic of Macedonia ». Journal of Health Sciences 5, n^o 3 (16 décembre 2015) : 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17532/jhsci.2016.268.

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Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between active and passive body mass components and maximal aerobic consumption (VO2max) in adult male soccer players.Methods: The study involved seven hundred (700) male soccer players, mean age 25.06 ± 4.41 years (range 18 to 35), divided in six age groups. Body composition was assessed according the anthropometric protocol by Matiegka, and relative muscle mass (MM%), bone (BM%) and fat (BF%) and absolute muscle mass (MMkg), bone (BMkg) and fat (BFkg) components were calculated. The Bruce protocol (incremental multistage treadmill test) was used for the estimation of maximal oxygen consumption.Results: Mean values of body mass components for total sample were as follows: muscle mass (MM%)= 52.75 ± 2.63%, bone mass (BM%)=16.63 ± 1.29% and body fat (BF%)=14.12 ± 1.54%. Mean VO2max was 48.89±5.17 ml/kg/minute. Relative muscle mass (MM%) showed similar values across age different groups (ANOVA: F=2.174; p=0.06) while absolute muscle mass (MMkg) showed tendency of increment with age (ANOVA: F=2.136; p=0.01). Body fat (BFkg and BF%) was statistically higher in the older groups (ANOVA F=3.737; p<0.01; ANOVA F=4.117; p<0.01). Weak positive correlation between VO2 max and muscle component (r=0.243; p<0.001) and a weak negative correlation between VO2max and body fat (r=-0.08;p<0.05) were found.Conclusions: Our results confirm the assumption that subjects with larger muscle mass have greater endurance and higher maximal oxygen consumption compared to subjects with larger body fat component.

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Campbell, Jiovan, Pranavkumar Gajjar, Ahmed Ismail, Fariborz Habibi, Ahmed G. Darwish, Violeta Tsolova, Ali Sarkhosh et Islam El-Sharkawy. « Determination of Fertility-Related Traits in Muscadine Grape Population ». Plants 10, n^o 6 (9 juin 2021) : 1175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10061175.

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In this study, fertility-related traits of 90 muscadine grape genotypes were evaluated. Selected genotypes included 21 standard cultivars, 60 breeding lines, and nine Vitis × Muscadinia hybrids (VM hybrids). The first fruiting bud (FFB), bud fertility (BF), bud fertility coefficient (BFC), number of flowers/flower cluster (N.F/FC), fruit-set efficiency (FSE), number of clusters/vine (N.C/V), and yield/vine (Y/V) traits were evaluated. The FFB trait did not show significant differences among genotypes. The muscadine genotype O28-4-2-2 (1.6 ± 0.2) displayed the FFB closest to the base; however, O17-16-2-1, O18-2-1, and VM A12-10-2 genotypes had the most distant FFB (3.6 ± 0.3). All the other fertility-related traits varied widely among the population. The BF, BFC, N.F/FC, FSE, N.C/V, and Y/V exhibited a range estimated at 35.1%, 81.5%, 259.7, 63.3%, 177 C/V, and 22.3 kg/V, respectively. The muscadine genotypes O42-3-1 (36.7% ± 1.3) and Majesty (34% ± 1.2) exhibited the highest BF; however, the VM A12-10-2 (1.6% ± 0.1) recorded the lowest BF. The VM genotype O15-16-1 (82.8% ± 4.1) displayed the highest BFC; however, the VM A12-10-2 (1.3% ± 0.1) showed the lowest BFC. The muscadine genotypes D7-1-1 (280.3 F/FC ± 21.7) and O17-17-1 (20.7 F/FC ± 5.5) showed the highest and lowest N.F/FC, respectively. The maximum and minimum FSE was observed for the Rosa cultivar (65.7% ± 2.4) and muscadine genotype D7-1-1 (2.4% ± 0.2), respectively. The minimum N.C/V was recorded for VM genotype A12-10-2 (6 C/V ± 0.2) and maximum noted for muscadine genotypes B20-18-2 (183 C/V ± 7.5) and O44-14-1 (176 C/V ± 7.3). Muscadine genotype O23-11-2 (22.6 kg ± 1.1) produced the highest Y/V; however, the lowest yield was recorded for O15-17-1, Fry Seedless, Sugargate, and the VM genotypes and A12-10-2, with an average yield among them estimated at 0.4 kg ± 0.2.

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Agnetti, Jessica, Andrea C. Büchler, Michael Osthoff, Fabrice Helfenstein, Vladimira Hinic, Sarah Tschudin-Sutter, Veronika Bättig, Nina Khanna et Adrian Egli. « 653. Direct Identification of Microorganisms in Positive Blood Cultures by the BioFire® FilmArray® Blood Culture Identification Panel Leads to Faster Optimal Antibiotic Therapy : A Before–After Study ». Open Forum Infectious Diseases 8, Supplement_1 (1 novembre 2021) : S428—S429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofab466.850.

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Abstract Background Rapid pathogen identification from positive blood cultures may help optimize empiric antibiotic therapy quickly by reducing unnecessary broad spectrum antibiotic use and may improve patient outcomes. The BioFire® FilmArray® Blood Culture Identification Panel 1 (BF-FA-BCIP) identifies 24 pathogens directly from positive blood cultures without subculture. 3 resistance genes are included. We aimed to compare the time to optimal antibiotic therapy between BF-FA-BCIP and conventional identification. Methods We performed a single-center retrospective case-control before-after study of 386 cases (November 2018 to October 2019) with BF-FA-BCIP compared to 414 controls (August 2017 to July 2018) with conventional identification. The primary study endpoint was the time from blood sampling to implementation of optimal antimicrobial therapy. Secondary endpoints were time to effective therapy, length of hospital stay, and in-hospital and 30-day mortality. Outcomes were assessed using cause-specific Cox Proportional Hazard models and logistic regressions. Results We included 800 patients with comparable baseline characteristics. Main sources of blood stream infection (BSI) were urinary tract infection and intra-abdominal infection (19.2% vs. 22.0% and 16.8% vs. 15.7% for case and control groups, respectively). Overall, 212 positive blood cultures were considered as contaminations. Identification results were available after a median of 21.9 hours by the BF-FA-BCIP and 44.3 hours by the conventional method. Patients with BF-FA-BCIP received the optimal therapy after a median of 25.5 hours (95%CI 21.0 - 31.2) as compared to 45.7 hours (95%CI 37.7 - 51.2) in the control group (Figure 1). We found no effect of the identification method on secondary outcomes. Kaplan-Meier curve representing the probability of implementing the optimal therapy at any given time according to the identification method (Standard vs. BF-FA-BCIP). Shaded ribbons represent the 95 % confidence interval (CI). The vertical dashes represent censored data. The vertical dotted lines represent the median time, i.e. the time at which 50 % of the patients obtained the optimal therapy, for the two methods. Median (95 % CI) time to optimal therapy is 45.7 (37.7 - 51.4) hours with the Standard method and 25.5 (21.0- 31.2) hours with Biofire. The tables below the curves present the numbers expecting optimal therapy according to the bacteria identification method, as well as the number of censored data in parenthesis. Panel A shows data from 0 to 900 hours. Panel B shows the data from 0 to 90 hours to better visualize how the probability to implement optimal therapy varies in the first 72 hours. Conclusion In conclusion, rapid pathogen identification by BF-FA-BCIP was associated with an almost 24h earlier initiation of the optimal antibiotic therapy in BSI. However, the overall benefit for individual patients seems to be limited. Future studies should assess the cost-effectiveness and impact on the prevention of antibiotic resistance using this diagnostic approach. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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Haarman, Monique, et Jan Knol. « Quantitative Real-Time PCR Analysis of Fecal Lactobacillus Species in Infants Receiving a Prebiotic Infant Formula ». Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, n^o 4 (avril 2006) : 2359–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.72.4.2359-2365.2006.

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ABSTRACT The developing intestinal microbiota of breast-fed infants is considered to play an important role in the priming of the infants' mucosal and systemic immunity. Generally, Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus predominate the microbiota of breast-fed infants. In intervention trials it has been shown that lactobacilli can exert beneficial effects on, for example, diarrhea and atopy. However, the Lactobacillus species distribution in breast-fed or formula-fed infants has not yet been determined in great detail. For accurate enumeration of different lactobacilli, duplex 5′ nuclease assays, targeted on rRNA intergenic spacer regions, were developed for Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus reuteri, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus. The designed and validated assays were used to determine the amounts of different Lactobacillus species in fecal samples of infants receiving a standard formula (SF) or a standard formula supplemented with galacto- and fructo-oligosaccharides in a 9:1 ratio (OSF). A breast-fed group (BF) was studied in parallel as a reference. During the 6-week intervention period a significant increase was shown in total percentage of fecal lactobacilli in the BF group (0.8% ± 0.3% versus 4.1% ± 1.5%) and the OSF group (0.8% ± 0.3% versus 4.4% ± 1.4%). The Lactobacillus species distribution in the OSF group was comparable to breast-fed infants, with relatively high levels of L. acidophilus, L. paracasei, and L. casei. The SF-fed infants, on the other hand, contained more L. delbrueckii and less L. paracasei compared to breast-fed infants and OSF-fed infants. An infant milk formula containing a specific mixture of prebiotics is able to induce a microbiota that closely resembles the microbiota of BF infants.

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Hołowko, Joanna, Małgorzata Magdalena Michalczyk, Adam Zając, Maja Czerwińska-Rogowska, Karina Ryterska, Marcin Banaszczak, Karolina Jakubczyk et Ewa Stachowska. « Six Weeks of Calorie Restriction Improves Body Composition and Lipid Profile in Obese and Overweight Former Athletes ». Nutrients 11, n^o 7 (27 juin 2019) : 1461. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11071461.

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Objective: The aim of the study was to compare the impact of 6 weeks of reducing daily caloric intake by 20% of total daily energy expenditure (TDEE)-CRI vs. reducing daily caloric intake by 30% of TDEE-CRII on body mass reduction and insulin metabolism in former athletes. Methods: 94 males aged 35.7 ± 5.3 years, height 180.5 ± 4.1 cm, and body mass 96.82 ± 6.2 kg were randomly assigned to the CRI (n = 49) or CRII (n = 45) group. Thirty-one participants (18 subjects from CRI and 13 from CRII) resigned from the study. The effects of both diets on the body composition variables (body mass—BM; body fat—BF; fat free mass—FFM; muscle mass—MM; total body water—TBW), lipid profile (total lipids—TL; total cholesterol—TCh; HDL cholesterol—HDL; LDL cholesterol—LDL; triglycerides—TG), and glucose control variables (glucose—GL, insulin—I, HOMA-IR, insulin-like growth factor-1—IGF-1, leptin and adiponectin) were measured. Results: After adhering to the CR I diet, significant differences were observed in FFM, MM and TG. After adhering to the CR II diet, significant differences were registered in tCh, TL and LDL. Both diets had a significant influence on leptin and adiponectin concentrations. Significant differences in FFM, MM, and tCh were observed between the CR I and CR II groups. At the end of the dietary intervention, significant differences in BF, FFM, MM and TBW were observed between the CR I and CR II groups. Conclusion: The 6 weeks of CR II diet appeared to be more effective in reducing BF and lipid profile and proved to be especially suitable for subjects with high body fat content and an elevated level of lipoproteins and cholesterol. Both reductive diets were effective in improving the levels of leptin and adiponectin in obese former athletes.

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Elksne, Inga, Ieva Strēle, Inese Siksna et Dace Gardovska. « Early Eating Habits in Infants and Their Association with Iron Metabolism ». Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. 76, n^o 1 (1 février 2022) : 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/prolas-2022-0007.

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Abstract Infants experience rapid growth and development during their first year of life. The objective of the study was to investigate the early dietary habits of Latvian infants and their relation to iron metabolism. The study was composed of Study A “Research on eating habits of infants living in Latvia” (n = 344) and Study B “Research on the association between eating habits of infants living in Latvia and iron metabolism” (n = 73). 89% of infants (n = 18) were breastfed (BF) in the first month, and 21% (n =15) were exclusively BF for the first six months. The average age for introducing complementary food was five months. Iron intake was on average 7.4 mg. Iron deficiency (ID) was in 9.6% (n = 7) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in 4.1% (n = 3) of infants. The blood iron level was lower in 30% (n = 8) of infants fed with cow’s milk. For infants who obtained iron predominantly from non-animal products, serum ferritin (SF) was within normal range. SF was within the normal range for 93% (n = 26) of infants who did not consume legumes. Dietary habits of infants in Latvia partly correspond to the guidelines. 63% of infants did not consume enough iron from food and ID was observed in 9.6% of infants and IDA in 4.1%. A lower iron level in blood occurred in breastfed infants and in infants for whom cow’s milk was introduced at an early stage; a lower mean corpuscular volume level was observed in infants whose exclusive breast-feeding continued for at least the first four months; lower SF occurred in breastfed infants, in at least the first four months for exclusively breastfed infants, and in infants for whom whose legumes had been introduced in diet. A higher level of soluble transferrin receptors was observed in infants who were not first-born.

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Gorla, José Irineu, Claudio Dihel Nogueira, Helcio Rossi Gonçalves, Fernando Rosch De Faria, Jéssica Reis Buratti, Natany Nunes, Jeferson Tafarel Pereira do Rêgo, Mariane Borges, Ivaldo Brandão Vieira et Víctor Labrador Roca. « Composición corporal y perfil somatotípico de jugadores brasileños de fútbol siete con Parálisis Cerebral de acuerdo con la clasificación funcional. Contribución al Deporte Paralímpico (Body composition and somatotype profile of football-seven Brazilian p ». Retos, n^o 35 (23 novembre 2018) : 326–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i35.58931.

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El fútbol siete es practicado por personas con parálisis cerebral. Los participantes se dividen en cuatro clases funcionales (FT5, FT6, FT7, y FT8). El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar y valorar las características somatotípicas y de composición corporal de futbolistas participantes en el 15º Campeonato Brasileiro de Fútbol siete. Las variables antropométricas de masa corporal, estatura, espesor de pliegues cutáneos, circunferencias y diámetros óseos fueron recolectados en 61 futbolistas de sexo masculino. Las medidas recogidas proporcionaron información sobre el índice de masa corporal (IMC), porcentaje de grasa corporal (% GC) y somatotipo. La presentación de los datos fue realizada con base en estadística descriptiva, y la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis fue utilizada con el objetivo de determinar y valorar la diferencia entre las diversas clases funcionales. El análisis de las variables antropométricas y de la composición corporal permite afirmar que no existen diferencias entre las clases funcionales y el perfil de estos futbolistas expresados por los valores medios de IMC (22,78 kg / m2 + 2,24) y % GC de (10,48% + 4,41). Las características somatotipológicas indican que los participantes del estudio, divididos en cuatro clases funcionales, obtuvieron valores del componente de mesomorfia predominante en relación a los demás componentes. En ese sentido, es posible concluir determinaciones en relación a los patrones y perfiles de tamaño, forma y estructura corporal de deportistas masculinos de fútbol siete paralímpico.Abstract. Football seven is played by people who have cerebral palsy. Participants are divided into four functional classes. The objective of this study was to verify somatotype and body composition characteristics of athletes participating in the 15th Brazilian Football-seven Championship. Anthropometric variables of body mass, height, thickness of skinfolds, and bone circumferences and diameters were collected in 61 male footballers. Measures collected provided information on body mass index (BMI), percentage of body fat (% BF), and somatotype. Data presentation was based on descriptive statistics, and the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to verify the difference between the different functional classes. Data analysis on anthropometric variables and body composition showed no differences between the functional classes regarding athletes’profile expressed by mean BMI values (22.78 Kg / m2 + 2.24) and % BF (10.48% + 4.41). With respect to the somatotypological characteristics, results indicated that values of the mesomorphic component were predominant compared to the other components in all participants from our study, divided in four functional classes. In that sense, we may draw determinations regarding size, shape, and body structure patterns and profiles of male footballers of Paralympic football.

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Huang, Zheng Ting, Zhong Sheng Wang et Zhen Bao Liu. « Fault Diagnosis of Aircraft Power Supply Based on Priority Dynamic Fault Tree ». Advanced Materials Research 443-444 (janvier 2012) : 229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.443-444.229.

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In this paper, we propose a novel fault diagnosis method for aircraft power supply system. We constructed the Dynamic Fault Tree (DFT) of the Constant Speed Constant Frequency Alternation Current (CSCF-AC) power supply system based on the Priority Dynamic Fault Tree (PDFT). And by adding a new temporal operator BEFORE (BF) to the usual Boolean operators, we derived the structure function of the top event. Then two laws were provided to reduce this structure function to a sum-of-product canonical form, where each product term defined a minimal cut set (MCS) or a minimal cut sequence set (MCSS) of this fault tree. This approach provides a complete qualitative description of the system without resorting to the corresponding Markov model. Then a 3-layer network diagnosis system was designed and realized for the fault diagnosis of aircraft power supply, including onboard layer, ground maintenance layer and remote expert layer. This 3-layer system enhances the flow of complex fault data into higher expert layer to realize the advanced diagnosis.

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Wu, Ting, Zijun Liao, Jing Wang et Mengjiao Liu. « The Accumulative Effect of Multiple Postnatal Risk Factors with the Risk of Being Overweight/Obese in Late Childhood ». Nutrients 16, n^o 10 (20 mai 2024) : 1536. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu16101536.

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Most past studies focused on the associations of prenatal risk factors with the risks of childhood overweight/obesity. Instead, more postnatal risk factors are modifiable, with less knowledge of their cumulative effects on childhood obesity. We analyzed data of 1869 children in an Australian birth cohort. Key postnatal risk factors included: maternal and paternal overweight/obesity during the child’s infancy, tobacco exposure, low family socioeconomic score, breastfeeding duration < 6 months, early introduction of solid foods, and rapid weight gain during infancy. The risk score was the sum of the number of risk factors. The primary outcome is overweight/obesity in late childhood (11–12 years); secondary outcomes are high-fat mass index (FMI), body fat percentage (BF%), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). Poisson regression models were used in the analyses. Children with higher risk scores had higher risks of overweight/obesity (p-for-trends < 0.001). After adjusting covariates, compared with those with 0–1 risk factors, children with 4–6 risk factors had 4.30 (95% confidence interval: 2.98, 6.21) times higher risk of being overweight/obesity; the relative risks for high FMI, BF%, and WHtR were 7.31 (3.97, 13.45), 4.41 (3.00, 6.50), and 6.52 (3.33, 12.74), respectively. Our findings highlighted that multiple postnatal risk factors were associated with increased risks of being overweight/obesity in late childhood.

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Macaluso, Cathryn N., Richard A. Ehrhardt, Kim Cassida, Jeannine P. Schweihofer, Erin Recktenwald et Barbara Makela. « 96 Cover Crop Grazing and Backgrounding on Carcass Quality ». Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_4 (3 novembre 2020) : 74–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa278.136.

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Abstract Integration of sheep into cropping systems via cover crop grazing leases has potential to benefit sheep producers with a source of inexpensive, high quality forage. We examined this potential by comparing lamb growth and carcass traits of four rearing systems: grain-finished control (GR), cover crop brassica-finished (CCB), cover crop mixture-finished (CCM), and background on brassica and finished on grain (BK-GR). Dorset x Polypay lambs (n = 60; 3 pens or pastures, 5 lambs each) were blocked by body weight and randomly assigned to treatment. All diets were provided to maximize voluntary dry matter intake. Lambs were harvested after 6 wks of feeding for GR and 8 wks for CCB, CCM and BK-GR (BK-GR = 4 wks brassica then 4 wks grain). Grain-fed lambs (GR and BK-GR, 442 g/d) grew faster than pasture-fed lambs (CCB and CCM, 152 g/d) prior to harvest (Table 1, P < 0.01) and attained greater body mass (HCW), muscling (LEA, EMD), fatness (BF, BWF) and yield grade (all P < 0.05). Growth of pasture-fed lambs declined 38% over time (247 wk 1–4 vs. 152 g/d wk5-8; P < 0.05). Pasture-fed lambs were leaner than grain-fed lambs (BF, yield grade; P < 0.01), yet attained a yield grade 2 average. Background lambs (BK-GR) exhibited a 107% increase in growth when fed grain (232 g/d pasture vs. 481 g/d grain, P < 0.01) and were fatter (BF, P < 0.05) yet had reduced eye muscle depth (P < 0.01) at harvest than GR lambs. Lambs did not differ in growth or any carcass measurement according to pasture type (CCB vs. CCM). We conclude that 8 wks of cover crop finishing produced acceptable carcass weight and finish. Backgrounding on cover crops followed by 4 wks of grain finishing results in marked compensatory gain with lambs achieving the same carcass size and similar qualities to lambs fed only grain.

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Wilson, Robert Lee. « Correction to : ‘‘Cartan subalgebras of simple Lie algebras” [Trans.\ Amer.\ Math.\ Soc.\ {\bf 234} (1977), no.\ 2, 435–446 ; MR0480650 (58 \#806)] ». Transactions of the American Mathematical Society 305, n^o 2 (1 février 1988) : 851. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/s0002-9947-1988-0924780-0.

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Thralls, Katie J., Jeanne F. Nichols, Michelle T. Barrack, Mark Kern et Mitchell J. Rauh. « Body Mass-Related Predictors of the Female Athlete Triad Among Adolescent Athletes ». International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 26, n^o 1 (février 2016) : 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2015-0072.

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Early detection of the female athlete triad is essential for the long-term health of adolescent female athletes. The purpose of this study was to assess relationships between common anthropometric markers (ideal body weight [IBW] via the Hamwi formula, youth-percentile body mass index [BMI], adult BMI categories, and body fat percentage [BF%]) and triad components, (low energy availability [EA], measured by dietary restraint [DR], menstrual dysfunction [MD], low bone mineral density [BMD]). In the sample (n = 320) of adolescent female athletes (age 15.9± 1.2 y), Spearman’s rho correlations and multiple logistic regression analyses evaluated associations between anthropometric clinical cutoffs and triad components. All underweight categories for the anthropometric measures predicted greater likelihood of MD and low BMD. Athletes with an IBW ≤85% were nearly 4 times more likely to report MD (OR = 3.7, 95% CI [1.8, 7.9]) and had low BMD (OR = 4.1, 95% CI [1.2, 14.2]). Those in <5th percentile for their age-specific BMI were 9 times more likely to report MD (OR 9.1, 95% CI [1.8, 46.9]) and had low BMD than those in the 50th to 85th percentile. Athletes with a high BF% were almost 3 times more likely to report DR (OR = 2.8, 95% CI [1.4, 6.1]). Our study indicates that low age-adjusted BMI and low IBW may serve as evidence-based clinical indicators that may be practically evaluated in the field, predicting MD and low BMD in adolescents. These measures should be tested for their ability as tools to minimize the risk for the triad.

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Townsend, Natasha C., Mark K. Buyyounouski, Karen J. Ruth, Alexander Kutikov, Rosalia Viterbo, Mark Sobczak, Terry White et Eric M. Horwitz. « Use of biopsy detail to identify subgroup risk in high-risk patients with prostate cancer. » Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, n^o 6_suppl (20 février 2013) : 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.6_suppl.169.

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169 Background: High Risk (HR) prostate cancer (CaP) patients (pts) are a heterogeneous group. A recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) was performed to determine if tissue involvement could identify patients at risk for biochemical failure (BF). Methods: Between 1992-2009, 608 HR CaP pts with complete prostate biopsy detail data (% overall tissue involvement (%TI), GP45 (weighted average of %TI for Gleason Pattern 4 or 5), Gleason Score (GS)) underwent RT with/out ADT. Primary endpoint was freedom from biochemical failure (FFBF). RPA based on time to BF was used to determine cutpoints for each prognostic variable. Multivariable (MVA) RPAs were used to assess interactions of significant variables (p<0.05) from univariate analysis (UVA). Results: Median follow up for PSA measurement was 45 months (3-193 mo). UVA RPA revealed significant cutpoints for FFBF for Tstage (higher risk of BF(HRBF) for T2c,T3b,T3c,T4,Tx vs lower risk of BF(LRBF) for T1,T2a,T2b,T3a, (p<0.001)); GS(HRBF 3+4/5, 4+5 vs LRBF 2-6, 2+3/4, 5+3/4/5 (p=0.011); iPSA (LRBF ≤37 vs HRBF >37 ng/ml (p<0.001)); dose (HRBF ≤74.9 vs LRBF >74.9 Gy); RT type(LRBF IMRT vs HRBF 3D-CRT, p=0.032), %TI (LRBF ≤53% vs HRBF >53% (p<0.001)); GP45 (LRBF ≤33% vs HRBF >33%(p<0.001)). Overall, FFBF at 5 yr was 79.2% (95%CI 75.0-82.8). For MVA RPA, splits are same as UVA unless noted. MVA RPA excluding GP45 and %TI showed 5 groups (5 yr FFBF 45.9%, 66.8%, 74.2%, 84.2% and 89.5%; N 16, 195, 69, 20 and 308, respectively). Tstage, iPSA, GS and RT type had significant interactions, with highest risk group including PSA >44ng/ml, low Tstage and 3D-CRT, and lowest risk group including PSA ≤44 ng/ml, lower risk Tstage, and lower risk GS. Including %TI in the RPA, significant interactions were between %TI (2 splits), iPSA and GS (5 yr FFBF 50.0%, 62.5%, 71.9%, 80.4% and 92.7%; N 80, 24, 65, 233, and 206, respectively). Highest risk group included pts with %TI >53%; lowest risk included pts with %TI <17%, iPSA <40 ng/mL, and GS lower risk. Using GP45 instead of %TI, 3 groups were found: high GP45; low GP45 and iPSA ≥40; low GP45 and iPSA<40 ng/ml, (5 yr FFBF 58.9%, 67.7% and 85.5%; N 103, 63 and 442, respectively). Conclusions: Pts with > 53% TI, > 33% GP45 and iPSA > 40 ng/ml are at highest risk of failure, and should be considered for most aggressive treatment.

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Fernanda, Decky Danuarta, Ni Nyoman Rupiasih, Nyoman Wendri et Ni Wayan Eri Sandriani. « Chitosan as A Silver (Ag) Adsorbent on Hospital Photography Fixer Waste ». BULETIN FISIKA 20, n^o 1 (10 février 2019) : 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/bf.2019.v20.i01.p02.

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Abstrak – A research on the use of chitosan as an adsorbent of silver (Ag) on the photography fixer waste from hospital has been carried out. Chitosan used was in the form of powder and membrane. Chitosan powder used was 0.5 g, 1 g, 2 g and 5 g, and the membrane used was a 2% chitosan membrane of 5 g. The adsorbent materials added to 50 mL of fixer waste and soaked for 24 hours. The Whatmann filter paper was also used by filtering method. The results showed that the 2% chitosan membrane of 5 g gave the highest silver adsorption percentage of 95.99%. The percentage of adsorption by chitosan powder of 0.5, 1, 2 and 5 g were 4.41%, 6.43%, 7.82% and 36.42% respectively. While the percentage of silver adsorption by Whatman filter paper was 0.05%. The used of chitosan in the form of membrane is the most effective adsorbent of silver on photographic fixer wastes.

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Jakše, Boštjan, Barbara Jakše, Ivan Čuk et Dorica Šajber. « Body Composition, Training Volume/Pattern and Injury Status of Slovenian Adolescent Female High-Performance Gymnasts ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n^o 4 (19 février 2021) : 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18042019.

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Body composition (BC), training volume/pattern, and injury status are a few important factors affecting training quality and sport performance in female artistic gymnastics. We aimed to examine BC status, training volume/pattern, and injury status during the first competition period. Our cross-sectional study included 17 female gymnasts (age: 17.4 ± 4.1 years, body height: 159.8 ± 6.2 cm, and body weight: 54.8 ± 5.3 kg) who were high performance at the international and national level. The BC (measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) parameters included body height and mass, body fat percentage (BF %), lean body mass (LBM), body mass index (BMI), total bone mineral density (BMD total), and total bone mineral content (BMC total). Training volume and pattern were assessed via an author-developed questionnaire, while injury status (i.e., anatomical location, symmetry and rate of injuries) was assessed via a modified questionnaire on overuse injuries used in sports injury epidemiology studies with elite-level athletes. Body composition parameters were as follows: the BMI was 21.5 ± 1.4 kg/m2, BF % was 21.9 ± 4.7%, LBM was 41.2 ± 3.4 kg, BMD total was 1.22 ± 0.08 g/cm2, and BMC total was 2486 ± 344 g. Furthermore, the average weekly volume of training was 23.5 ± 1.4 h, with the highest training volume occurring on Monday and Tuesday and high variability within gymnasts. Our study also revealed that the most frequently injured joints that had the most negative impact on training volume, sport performance and pain status were the ankles and low back, followed by the knees and shoulders. This kind of yearly screening method is warranted to allow more definitive conclusions to be made on adjusted training and preventive strategies.

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Li, Shimin, Edward Kim et Joseph A. Bonanno. « Fluid transport by the cornea endothelium is dependent on buffering lactic acid efflux ». American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 311, n^o 1 (1 juillet 2016) : C116—C126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00095.2016.

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Maintenance of corneal hydration is dependent on the active transport properties of the corneal endothelium. We tested the hypothesis that lactic acid efflux, facilitated by buffering, is a component of the endothelial fluid pump. Rabbit corneas were perfused with bicarbonate-rich (BR) or bicarbonate-free (BF) Ringer of varying buffering power, while corneal thickness was measured. Perfusate was collected and analyzed for lactate efflux. In BF with no added HEPES, the maximal corneal swelling rate was 30.0 ± 4.1 μm/h compared with 5.2 ± 0.9 μm/h in BR. Corneal swelling decreased directly with [HEPES], such that with 60 mM HEPES corneas swelled at 7.5 ± 1.6 μm/h. Perfusate [lactate] increased directly with [HEPES]. Similarly, reducing the [HCO3−] increased corneal swelling and decreased lactate efflux. Corneal swelling was inversely related to Ringer buffering power (β), whereas lactate efflux was directly related to β. Ouabain (100 μM) produced maximal swelling and reduction in lactate efflux, whereas carbonic anhydrase inhibition and an monocarboxylic acid transporter 1 inhibitor produced intermediate swelling and decreases in lactate efflux. Conversely, 10 μM adenosine reduced the swelling rate to 4.2 ± 0.8 μm/h and increased lactate efflux by 25%. We found a strong inverse relation between corneal swelling and lactate efflux ( r = 0.98, P < 0.0001). Introducing lactate in the Ringer transiently increased corneal thickness, reaching a steady state (0 ± 0.6 μm/h) within 90 min. We conclude that corneal endothelial function does not have an absolute requirement for bicarbonate; rather it requires a perfusing solution with high buffering power. This facilitates lactic acid efflux, which is directly linked to water efflux, indicating that lactate flux is a component of the corneal endothelial pump.

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Wang, Nan, Yajun Yuan, Xiaojuan Bai, Wen Han, Lulu Han et Bijuan Qing. « Association of cathepsin B and cystatin C with an age-related pulmonary subclinical state in a healthy Chinese population ». Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease 14 (janvier 2020) : 175346662092175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753466620921751.

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Background: Cathepsin B (CTSB) and cystatin C (CYSC) are new biomarkers for several physiological and pathological processes as their activities increase with age. The aim of this study was to explore population-level associations between serum CTSB and CYSC with an age-related pulmonary subclinical state. Methods: We examined 401 healthy participants (aged 36–87 years, of which 44.3% were male) in northern Chinese cities. We used a standard spirometer to determine lung function. Serum CTSB and CYSC levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: For all participants, serum CTSB was related to maximum vital capacity (VC MAX), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s, peak expiratory flow, forced expiratory flow at 25% of FVC, forced expiratory volume in 3 s (FEV3), and inspiratory vital capacity (VC IN). These associations were lost after full adjustment. CYSC remained significantly associated with inspiratory capacity (IC), breath frequency (BF; p < 0.001), minute ventilation (MV), the ratio of FEV3 and FVC (FEV3%FVC), and expiratory reserve volume ( p < 0.05) after adjusting for all other possible confounders. In males, serum CYSC levels exhibited significant and independent associations with FVC, FEV3 ( p < 0.05), and IC ( p < 0.001) and serum CTSB levels exhibited significant and independent associations with BF ( p < 0.05). Conclusions: Our results confirmed serum CYSC concentration associations with an age-related lung function in healthy people. However, the association between serum CTSB and lung function was not well confirmed. Serum measurements of CYSC may provide valuable predictors of pulmonary function in healthy people, especially healthy elderly adults. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.

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He, Jufang. « off Responses in the Auditory Thalamus of the Guinea Pig ». Journal of Neurophysiology 88, n^o 5 (1 novembre 2002) : 2377–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00083.2002.

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on and off auditory responses were examined in the medial geniculate body (MGB) of the guinea pig. Single- and multiunit recordings were carried out on 12 anesthetized animals, and noise-burst or pure-tone stimuli were applied to the ear contralateral to the recording hemisphere. One hundred and thirty-fiveoff or on-off neurons and 160 onneurons were studied, and the tuning curves of 21 on-off oroff neurons were examined from various nuclei of the MGB. The mean minimum threshold of the off responses (40.8 ± 20.0 dB SPL, mean ± SD; range: 0–80 dB SPL) was significantly higher than that of the on responses (28.5 ± 17.6 dB SPL, range: 0–60 dB SPL; n = 17, P < 0.001). Of 10 on-off neurons that showed identifiable tuning frequencies for both on andoff responses, 7 showed a higher off thanon best frequency (BF), 2 showed the same BF for bothon and off, and only 1 showed a slightly loweroff than on BF. Most off responses sampled from the borders of the ventral (MGv) and the rostromedial (MGrm) nuclei of the MGB showed single-peaked tuning curves, similar to those of the on responses in the MGv. The neurons located in the shell (MGs) and dorsal (MGd) nuclei of the MGB showed complicated—either multi-peaked or broad—tuning curves. Alloff responses showed long-duration-selectivity for acoustic stimuli: the mean half-maximum duration was 116.5 ± 114.8 ms ( n = 19, range: 27–411 ms). The latencies of 135off responses were studied in various divisions of the MGB. The ventral border region of MGv showed the shortest latency, followed by the dorsal border region of the MGv, the MGrm, and the caudomedial nucleus (MGcm) of the MGB. The posterior nucleus of the thalamus (Po), the MGd, and the MGs showed much longer mean latencies of >30 ms ( P < 0.05 compared with the border regions of the MGv, ANOVA), with Po showing the greatest mean latency of 60.3 ms and the greatest deviation of 25.5 ms). The latency of the offresponse (29.0 ± 14.0 ms, n = 135) was significantly greater than that of the on response (15.6 ± 9.6 ms, n = 160, P < 0.001). The present results provide valuable information about the threshold, frequency tuning characteristics, minimal response latency, and duration selectivity of off neurons in the auditory thalamus.

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Kiser, Jennifer N., et Holly L. Neibergs. « PSXIII-B-11 Identification of Haplotypes Associated with Fetal Loss in Dairy Cattle ». Journal of Animal Science 100, Supplement_3 (21 septembre 2022) : 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac247.591.

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Abstract Fetal loss occurs in 4 to 13% of dairy cattle worldwide with a subsequent $487 to $1900 economic loss per pregnancy. Previous studies have identified SNPs associated with fetal loss, but few have investigated haplotypes (DNA that segregates to offspring together) associated with fetal loss. The objective of this study was to identify haplotypes associated with fetal loss in Holstein heifers and cows that conceived to the first insemination. This study consisted of 529 Holstein heifers (470 maintained pregnancies to term while 59 experienced fetal loss) and 517 Holstein cows (490 maintained pregnancies to term while 28 suffered fetal loss). Cattle with fetal loss (cases) were genotyped using the Neogen BovineGGP50 BeadChip (SNPs = 43,938) and cattle that calved at term (controls) were genotyped with the Illumina BovineHD BeadChip (SNPs = 777,962). Cases were imputed to HD density using BEAGLE (4.1). Cases and controls were combined to identify 62,819 haplotypes. Haplotype association tests were run for three populations (heifers, cows, and combined) with a chi-squared Bonferroni (BF) corrected significance of p < 0.05. The haplotype analyses identified 121, 47, and 102 haplotypes associated with fetal loss in heifer, cow and combined populations, respectively. Of these, 37 haplotypes were shared between the heifer and cow populations, 39 between cows and the combined, 76 between the heifers and combined, and 37 across all analyses. Loci identified in the haplotype analyses were compared to loci associated (BF p < 0.05) with fetal loss in a SNP by SNP genome wide association analyses. There were 22 loci shared in heifers, 10 in cows and 21 in the combined population. The use of haplotypes, identified an additional 150 loci associated with fetal loss that can be further characterized for their value in selecting cattle that are less prone to late term abortions.

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Jakše, Boštjan, Barbara Jakše, Stanislav Pinter, Jernej Pajek et Nataša Fidler Mis. « Characteristics of Slovenian Adults in Community-Based Whole-Food Plant-Based Lifestyle Program ». Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2020 (1 août 2020) : 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6950530.

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Objective. Adopting a plant-based diet (PBD) and lifestyle is healthy, sustainable, and increasingly popular, while also demanding. Individuals might face challenges to maintain this lifestyle. We aimed to determine the anthropometric values and lifestyle factors and motives of adults to adopt a whole-food, plant-based (WFPB) lifestyle by joining our ongoing, community-based, WFPB lifestyle program 0.5–10 years ago. Methods. We measured body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage status (BF%) using bioimpedance. Lifestyle status was obtained by standardized electronic questionnaires. For evaluating the motives for following strict PBD, the participants were asked to rank 8 different motives (i.e., 8: the most-, 1: the least important). Setting. A cross-sectional study in Slovenia. Participants. A total of 151 healthy adults with an average age of 39.6 years (SD: 12.5 years). Results. The participants had an average BMI of 23.9 kg/m2 (SD: 3.8 kg/m2) and an average BF% of 22.3% (SD: 7.3%), were physically very active, with an average Long International Physical Activity Questionnaire (L-IPAQ) score of 5541.2 metabolic equivalents (METs) min/week (SD: 4677.0 METs min/week), having good sleep quality, with an average Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score of 2.7 (SD: 1.8), perceiving low stress, and with an average Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) score of 0.29 (SD: 0.1). We discovered no significant differences in lifestyle between participants who were involved in our WFPB lifestyle program for short, medium, or long periods of time. The motives for WFPB lifestyle included health benefits (score: 7.9/8), body mass management (6.3), eating to satiety (4.9), convenience (4.3), environmental concerns (4.1), affordability (3.7), animal ethics (3.6), and religious reasons (1.1). Conclusion. A WFPB lifestyle program for any length of time that includes an extensive support system provides favorable, long-term lifestyle changes.

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Neogi, Atriya, Apoorva Tiwari, Tambi Medabala, Snehunsu Adhikari et Swapan Kumar Dey. « Somatotype, Body Composition and Anthropometric Profiles of Indian Male Greco-Roman Wrestlers ». International Journal of Sport Studies for Health 2, n^o 2 (2019) : 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.61838/kman.intjssh.2.2.2.

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Background: Wrestling is known as a sport which highly requires physical preparation besides performing techniques such as clinch, fighting, throws and takedowns, joint locks, pins and other grappling holds. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to assess body composition, anthropometric profiles and somatotype rating of young male Greco-Roman wrestlers and sedentary controls. Methods: Nine heavyweight category wrestlers with mean age of 16.2 ± 0.89 years, 19 lightweight category male wrestlers with mean age of 16.4 ± 0.95 years, and 50 sedentary males with mean age of 16.9 ± 0.94 years, were recruited for the study. Results: The results suggested that heavyweight category wrestlers were taller (178.3 ± 5.76), heavier (76.5 ± 8.17) than the other two categories. Body surface area was also found to be highest (1.95 ± 0.15) while sedentary controls were found to be highest in %BF (12.4 ± 2.10). Somatotype rating of the heavyweights, lightweights and sedentary controls were 4.3 - 5.0 - 2.6, 4.1 - 5.1 - 2.2 and 4.6 - 2.9 - 2.8 respectively. Wrestlers were found to be endomorphic-mesomorph while the controls were balanced endomorph. A significant (P < 0.05) differences were noticed almost in all the parameters except bicep and endomorphic component when compared among the groups. Body height, weight, BSA and suprailliac skin fold were found to be significantly (P < 0.05) differed when compared between the weight category groups. ANOM plot revealed that insignificant somatotype mean variation exist between the weight categories. Wrestler of Poland, Turkey and Iran have also reported that the %BF, BMI and somatotype rating scores which was higher in Greco-Roman wrestlers. Conclusions: The present study compared the different anthropometric characteristics, somatotype rating and body composition profiles of Greco-Roman wrestlers and sedentary control groups. Differences in various parameters were found to be being related to training regimen and their socio-economic status.

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Michou, Vasiliki, Michaela Davioti, Niki Syrakou, Vasilios Liakopoulos, Asterios Deligiannis et Evangelia Kouidi. « Effects of a Combined Intradialytic Exercise Training Program on Functional Capacity and Body Composition in Kidney Transplant Candidates ». Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 8, n^o 1 (11 janvier 2023) : 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfmk8010009.

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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) leads to gradual muscle mass loss, which is strongly associated with lower functional capacity, which limits a patient’s daily activities. The aim of the present study is to examine the effects of a 4-month intradialytic exercise program on the functional capacity and body composition of kidney transplant (KT) candidates. Twenty-nine male patients on hemodialysis (HD) waiting for a kidney transplant, with a mean age of 53.86 ± 9.56 years old and BMI 27.11 ± 5.55 kg/m2, were randomly assigned into the following two groups: A (nA = 15 HD patients), who followed a 4-month intradialytic exercise program combining aerobic and resistance training, with a supervised, progressively increasing workload, and B (nB = 14 HD patients), who continued to receive usual care. At baseline and the end of the study, the KT candidates underwent a 6-min walking distance (6-MWD), and a 10-repetition sit-to-stand test (10-STS) to access physical function, a handgrip strength (HGS) test to evaluate the muscle strength of the non-fistula hand. Moreover, the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) was performed to assess body composition indices, such as body fat (BF), body fat mass index (BFMI), fat-free mass index (FFMI), body cell mass (BCM), basal metabolic rate (BMR), extracellular water (ECW), intracellular water (ICW), total body water (TBW) and phase angle (PhA). Following the exercise program, group A showed favorable improvements in HGS (from 26.59 ± 9.23 to 28.61 ± 9.58 kg, p < 0.05) and 6-MWD (from 427.07 ± 7.66 to 468.16 ± 11.39 m, p < 0.05). Intergroup results from 6-MWD showed a statistically significant difference (Δp = 0.04), at the end of the study. Moreover, group A results from BIA revealed a significant increase of BMR by 2.4% (p < 0.05), ECW by 3.6% (p = 0.01), ICW by 3.8% (p = 0.01), TBW by 4.1% (p = 0.01), lean mass by 2.7% (p = 0.01), and PhA by 13.3% (p = 0.04), while a reduction in BF by 5.0% (p = 0.01) and BFMI by 6.6% (p = 0.03) was also noticed. At the end of the study, group A showed statistical differences in BMR (Δp = 0.01), BMR/BW (Δp = 0.01), dry lean (Δp = 0.01), and PhA (Δp = 0.03), compared to the group B. Linear regression analysis in group A after training showed positive correlations between HGS and both PhA (r = 0.52, p = 0.04) and FFMI (r = 0.64, p = 0.01), and a strong negative correlation between 6-MWT and BF (r = −0.61, p = 0.01). In conclusion, a 4-month intradialytic exercise program can enhance body composition and some physical parameters in HD patients awaiting kidney transplantation.

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