Thèses sur le sujet « Best diet »
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Yang, Tzu-Hsuan. « Effects of diet on phosphorus digestion in dairy cattle ». Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34581.
Texte intégralMaster of Science
Afshar, Khashayar. « Diet-dependent regulation of labial salivary genes in the beet armyworm, «Spodoptera exigua» ». Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32295.
Texte intégralLa chenille de Spodoptera exigua est capable de nourrir sur les plantes malgré ses défenses anti-herbivores, grâce à des enzymes salivaires. Un de ces enzymes salivaires capable de combattre les defenses, glucose oxidase (GOX), est aussi régulé par la diète avec laquelle la chenille se nourrit. Il est donc important d'identifier la réglementation des produits salivaires comme GOX. Ce projet vise à déterminer les tendances de transcription et d'activité enzymatique de trois gènes salivaires (Se1H, Se2J et SeGox) en réponse de différentes diètes. De plus, les régions en amont des gènes salivaires ont tentées être séquencer afin de trouver des promoteurs putatives. Les résultats ont démontré que les trois gènes ne sont pas régulées transcriptionellement, mais que l'activité enzymatique de GOX dépend de la qualité nutritive des diètes. Cependant, les régions en amont des trois gènes n'ont pas pu être séquencé à cause de raisons de contaminations et d'amplification imprécises.
Drees, Franz Richard. « A comparative analysis of best practice in the manufacture of hard dies for automotive stamping operations ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13302.
Texte intégralIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 95-96).
by Franz Richard Drees.
M.S.
Thompson, Jennifer Anne. « Exploring best practices in animal-assisted therapy with children in the Western Cape / J.A. Thompson ». Thesis, North-West University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9706.
Texte intégralThesis (MA (Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.
Gonzalez, Vargas Diego. « Supplementation of cereal straws with lucerne and sugar beet pulp in diets for ruminants ». Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28124.
Texte intégralRouzbehan, Yousef. « Studies on molassed sugar beet pulp as a component of diets for sheep and cattle ». Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1993. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU548072.
Texte intégralBrahier, Daniel J. « The Best of Both Worlds : Teaching Middle School and College Mathematics ». Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-79502.
Texte intégralPretorius, Stefan. « Inter-country adoptions and the best interest of the child / by Stefan Pretorius ». Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9823.
Texte intégralThesis (LLM (Comparative Child Law))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.
Dhoiffir, Loutfi. « Une histoire comptable et financière de la ligne ferroviaire dite de la « petite ceinture » Paris (1853-2014) : Approche par les théories de la décision ». Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA131003/document.
Texte intégralThe Line Little Belt is a former Paris railway line double track 32 kilometers in length (excluding connections) who went around Paris within the boulevards of the Marshals. Opened by sections 1852 to 1869, it is first devoted exclusively to freight traffic before being opened for passenger traffic, with the exception of the Auteuil line, unlike directly open to travelers in 1854 and only in 1867 for goods. Deserted by Parisians because of growing competition from the Metropolitan in 1900, the line is, for most of his career, closed to passenger traffic Sunday, July 22, 1934, except the Auteuil line remained open until in 1985. Freight traffic has disappeared since the early 1990s, and the line is now largely abandoned and missing a portion of its length. A portion of the Auteuil line, however, was built in 1988 to the RER C line. Many stations were destroyed including Montsouris. Passy Station has been preserved by being converted into a restaurant. Stations were converted as station Charonne. Remained abandoned since 1993, the Little Belt has been the subject of a first phase of consultation in 2013 in order to sketch the future. Our research is at the heart of the debate about the future of the Little Belt Paris. It aims to demonstrate the importance of the railway line since its inception in 1852 until it closed in 1934 for passenger service. We provide a comparative analysis of the situation of the accounting and financial management from 1854 to 1934 to determine the different results of operations conducted to evaluate the financial performance of the line. Our approach is to understand why intelligent men, in possession of all their resources, they have taken the decision to voluntarily stop the activity of theLittle Belt line. What are the consequences of setting aside of the very long term of this railway platform? What are theshortfalls of this Sleep? Little research has been based on this approach, and our research was to study the differentapproaches to the decision based on the theories of rational decision of Simon of Cyert and March and the absurd theories of decision Christian More l . After comparison of these different approaches, we have learned as a result to escape the non-decision, applying the theory of meta-rule of the reliability
Pinedo, Gil Julia. « Study of novel carbohydrate sources on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) diets ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/107364.
Texte intégralThe current Doctoral Thesis used barley and red beet as alternative carbohydrate sources in rainbow trout diets. The aim was to evaluate their effect on productive, histological and morphometric parameters, their effect on biochemical indexes after an acute stress and their effect on the quality of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The different markers studied were the same in the barley and red beet experiments. In the barley experiment, increasing concentrations of barley (0-32%) were used in the diet, starting with an average weight of 127.72 ± 5.65 g and ending when they reached commercial weight after 84 days. In the red beet experiment, two red beet levels (14% and 28%) and two betaine levels (0.9% and 1.63%) were used, starting with an average weight of 69 ± 2.2 g and finishing when they reached commercial weight at the end of 105 days. The inclusion of barley in rainbow trout diets did not show significant differences in growth and biometric parameters. While the inclusion of 14% of red beet and 0.9% betaine did not affect growth, nutritive or biometric parameters and nutrient retentions compared to control, higher red beet and betaine concentrations showed a negative effect. When the histological and morphometric parameters were studied in liver and intestine, the results showed that fish fed at high barley concentrations showed smaller hepatocytes than control, while hepatocytes were larger in fish fed with red beet and betaine than control, however, in both cases, the liver had a lower level of vacuolization. Barley inclusion at 8% produced a negative effect at intestine morphological level; however, no effects were observed with the inclusion of red beet. Fish were submitted to stress, a lack of oxygen and increased of fish density, during 10 minutes. The results showed that at basal levels, the inclusion of barley and red beet did not cause any change in cortisol, glucose and MDA levels, although basal lactate values were significantly lower in the fish fed with red beet and betaine. Thirty minutes after stress the concentration of cortisol, glucose and lactate increased significantly in the fish of all groups and the concentration of MDA decreased. The inclusion of barley showed lower cortisol, glucose and lactate values than control. When fish reached commercial weight, the quality of the fillets and antioxidant properties were analysed. In both trials, fish fed with the experimental ingredients showed lower water activity values and textural and colour properties were enhanced. Red beet and betaine inclusion did not show any effect on the oxidative parameters of the fillets, while the inclusion of barley showed an inhibitory effect on fillets lipid oxidation. Concentrations of barley above 8% improved the antioxidant activity of the fillets and increased the content of alpha-tocopherol, however, fish fed with red beet and betaine showed a higher content of flavonoids and phenolics but no effect on the antioxidant properties of the fillet. Finally, when the sensory analysis was carried out, it was observed that fish fed diets with more than 8% barley showed redder gills and better texture than control, in addition to a more intense red colour of the fillet, these characteristics are correlated with an improvement of fish freshness. However, the inclusion of barley or red beet in rainbow trout diets had no effect on the acceptability of fillets.
En la present tesi doctoral es van utilitzar ordi i remolatxa com a fonts alternatives de carbohidrats en dietes per a truita amb l'objectiu d'avaluar el seu efecte sobre paràmetres productius, histologia hepàtica i intestinal, estrès i qualitat de la carn. Els marcadors estudiants fòren els mateixos en els experiments d`ordi I remolatxa. En les proves de l'ordi es van utilitzar concentracions creixents d'aquest ingredient (0-32%), es va iniciar amb un pes mitjà de 127.72 ± 5.65 g i es va finalitzar quan van arribar al pes comercial al cap de 84 dies. En les proves de remolatxa es van utilitzar dos nivells de remolatxa (14% i 28%) i dos de betaïna (0.9% i 1.63%), es va iniciar amb un pes mitjà de 69 ± 2.2 g i es va finalitzar quan els peixos van aconseguir el pes comercial al cap de 105 dies. La inclusió d'ordi en dietes de truita no va mostrar diferències significatives en els paràmetres de creixement i biomètrics. La inclusió de 14% remolatxa i 0,9% betaïna no va afectar el creixement, paràmetres nutritius, biomètrics i retencions de nutrients en comparació amb el control, concentracions majors de remolatxa i betaïna van tenir un efecte negatiu. Quan es van estudiar els paràmetres histològics i morfomètrics en fetge i intestí, els resultats van mostrar que els peixos alimentats amb concentracions creixents d'ordi tenien hepatòcits més petits, mentres que els peixos alimentats amb remolatxa i betaïna presentaven hepatòcits més grans, i en ambdós casos el fetge va mostrar un menor nivell de vacuolització. La concentracion d'ordi d'un 8% va produir un efecte negatiu a nivell morfològic de l'intestí, mentres que la inclusió de remolatxa no va produir cap efecte a nivell d'intestí. Els peixos van ser sotmesos a estrès per absència d'oxigen i augment de densitat durant 10 minuts. Quan l'estrès va ser analitzat a nivell bioquímic els resultats van mostrar que a nivells basals, la inclusió d'ordi i remolatxa no va causar cap canvi en els nivells de cortisol, glucosa i MDA, encara que els valors basals de lactat van ser significativament més baixos en els peixos alimentats amb remolatxa i betaïna. 30 minuts després de l'estrès la concentració de cortisol, glucosa i lactat va augmentar significativament en els peixos de tots els grups i la concentració de MDA va disminuir. La inclusió d`ordi va mostrar valors més baixos de cortisol, glucosa i lactat que la dieta control. Quan els peixos van aconseguir el pes comercial es va analitzar la qualitat dels filets i propietats antioxidants. En ambdues proves els peixos alimentats amb els ingredients objecte d'estudi van mostrar valors d'activitat d'aigua més baixos i una millora en la textura i el color dels filets comparat amb els peixos alimentats amb la dieta control. La inclusió de remolatxa i betaïna no va tenir cap efecte sobre els paràmetres oxidatius del filet, mentre que la inclusió d'ordi va inhibir l'oxidació lipídica dels filets. Concentracions d'ordi per sobre del 8% van millorar l'activitat antioxidant dels filets i van augmentar el contingut en alpha-tocoferol, però, els peixos alimentats amb remolatxa i betaïna van mostrar un major contingut en flavonoides i fenòlic però no es va observar cap efecte sobre les propietats antioxidants del filet. Finalment, quan es va dur a terme l'anàlisi sensorial es va observar que els peixos alimentats amb dietes amb més d'un 8% d'ordi van mostrar unes ganyes més vermelles i millor textura, a més d'un color vermell del filet més intens, paràmetres que es correlacionen amb una millora de la frescor del peix. No obstant això, la inclusió d'ordi o remolatxa en dietes de truita no va tenir cap efecte sobre l'acceptabilitat dels filets.
Pinedo Gil, J. (2018). Study of novel carbohydrate sources on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) diets [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/107364
TESIS
Holt, Michael Shane. « Effects of Corn Silage Hybrids and Dietary Nonforage Fiber Sources on Productive Performance in Early Lactating Dairy Cows Fed High Forage Diets ». DigitalCommons@USU, 2010. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/766.
Texte intégralWhiting, Michael J. « An Investigation of Improving Wear of 390 Die-cast Aluminum Through Hardcoat Anodizing ». Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1006.pdf.
Texte intégralBartelborth, Thomas. « Die erkenntnistheoretischen Grundlagen induktiven Schließens ». Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-84565.
Texte intégralBartelborth, Thomas. « Die erkenntnistheoretischen Grundlagen induktiven Schließens ». Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-220168.
Texte intégralSantos, Joaquim Neto de Sousa. « Rela??o entre morfologia e dieta e uso da macroinfauna por pampos Trachinotus carolinus e Trachinotus goodei (Actinopterygii, Carangidae) em duas praias arenosas do sudeste do Brasil ». Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2010. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/2357.
Texte intégralMade available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T13:55:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Joaquim Neto de Sousa Santos.pdf: 1864983 bytes, checksum: e70ed9f5ee68c8f365819e496dbb0176 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-21
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico, CNPq, Brasil.
Morphodynamism, extratification and seasonality are among the main factor to influence the composition and abundance of the macroinfauna in sandy beaches. The macroinfauna of two sandy beaches were sampled between winter-2005 and summer-2006 during low tide; one beach was protected (Flamengo beach) located in Guanabara bay, and the other was exposed to waves in the oceanic zone (Grumari beach). The hypothesis that the physical characteristics of the beaches determine the difference in composition and relative abundance of the macroinfauna was tested. Flamengo beach was characterized as dissipative and had comparatively higher t?xon richenes and lower biomass, when compared with Grumari beach that was classsified as reflective. In Flamengo beaches, higher abundance was recordded for Enoploides sp, and Emerita brasiliensis, whereas in Grumari beach Sacocirrus sp and E. brasiliensis were the most abundant taxons. The beaches showed highe dissimilarity in composition and relative abundance of the taxons (91.75%). Sacocirrus sp, Enoploides sp, Dispio uncinata, Scolelepis goodbobyi and E. brasiliensis explained 63.70% of the dissimilarity between the two beaches. In both beaches, we observed extratification in occurence and abundance of the macroinfauna in two seasons. Emerita brasiliensis occurred mainly in Grumary beach in the extrate 1 and Sacocirrus sp in extrate 2, while in Flamengo beach E. brasiliensis and Enoploides sp had the highest abundance in extrate 1 and S. goodbody and D. uncinata in extrate 3. The hypothesis that the macrofauna differs among extrate and beaches was accepted and the differences in composition and relative abundance of the macroinfauna were attributed to morphodynamism, althought other environmental factores can be influencing such differences.
O morfodinamismo, estratifica??o e a sazonalidade s?o os fatores mais importantes na determina??o da composi??o e abund?ncia da macroinfauna em praias arenosas. A macroinfauna de duas praias foi amostrada no inverno/2005 e ver?o/2006 durante a mar? baixa, sendo uma praia protegida (Flamengo) localizada na ba?a de Guanabara, e outra praia exposta localizada na zona oce?nica (Grumari). Foi testada a hip?tese que as caracter?sticas f?sicas das praias determinam diferen?as na composi??o e abund?ncia da macroinfauna. A praia do Flamengo foi caracterizada como dissipativa e apresentou maior riqueza de t?xons, e menor biomassa, quando comparada com a praia de Grumari classificada como refletiva. Na praia do Flamengo as maiores abund?ncias foram registradas para Enoploides sp, e Emerita brasiliensis, enquanto em Grumari foram Sacocirrus sp e E. brasiliensis. As praias apresentaram elevada dissimilaridade na composi??o e abund?ncia relativa dos t?xons (91.75%), Sacocirrus sp, Enoploides sp, Dispio uncinata, Scolelepis goodbobyi e E. brasiliensis explicaram 63.70% das diferen?as entre as praias. Em ambas as praias foram observadas estratifica??es na ocorr?ncia e abund?ncia da macroinfauna nas duas esta??es analisadas. Na praia de Grumari, E. brasiliensis ocorreu principalmente no estrato 1 e Sacocirrus sp no estrato 2, enquanto na praia do Flamengo E. brasiliensis e Enoploides sp apresentaram as maiores abund?ncias no estrato 1 e S. goodbodyi e D. uncinata no estrato 3. A hip?tese da varia??o na composi??o da macroinfauna entre os extratos foi aceita, e as diferen?as observadas na composi??o e abund?ncia da macroinfauna foram atribu?das ao morfodinamismo; no entanto, outros fatores ambientais podem estar relacionados com tais diferen?as.
Pacoureau, Nathan. « Influence de la variabilité climatique, de l’abondance de proies, de la densité-dépendance et de l'hétérogénéité individuelle chez des prédateurs supérieurs longévifs : de l’individu à la population ». Thesis, La Rochelle, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LAROS026/document.
Texte intégralA fundamental endeavor in population ecology is to identify the drivers of population dynamics. The main objective of this thesis is to determine what are the demographic and population responses of superior marine predators to the fluctuations of their prey abundance, to climatic variations, to density-dependence while taking into account inter and intra individual heterogeneity (age, experience, sex, quality or strategy). To do this, we analysed long-term individual and population-based monitoring of long-lived seabirds and phylogenetically close apical predators in two contrasting biomes: the south polar skua Catharacta maccormicki at Pointe Géologie archipelago, Antarctica, and the brown skua Catharacta lonnbergi on the sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Archipelago. We will use direct abundance of their respective prey: Adélie penguin Pygoscelis adeliae and emperor penguin Aptenodytes forsteri in Antarctica, and the blue petrel Halobaena caerulea and the thin-billed prion Pachyptila belcheri prion in Kerguelen islands. These datasets provide a unique opportunity to simultaneously disentangle and quantify the different sources of variability driving variation in natural populations occupying one of the highest trophic levels of the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic food webs. We found variation in several vital traits of both populations influenced by individual performance and latent individual heterogeneity. We discuss the mechanisms by which climatic variability, prey abundance, and population density can differentially affect the different age classes of each age class, and the potential consequences of future environmental changes
Roux, Christine. « Die kind se grondwetlike reg tot basiese onderwys en die verpligting van die staat tot voorsiening van infrastruktuur / Christine Roux ». Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/11965.
Texte intégralLLM (Comparative Child Law), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014
Kimberg, Martha Petro. « Praktykmodel vir egskeidingsevaluering : 'n sistemiese perspektief op die belange van die minderjarige kind by sorg en kontak (Afrikaans) ». Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29428.
Texte intégral- Om `n praktykmodel vir egskeidingsevaluering te ontwikkel en empiries te evalueer ten einde die beste belang van die minderjarige kind te bevorder.
- Om vanuit `n sisteemteoretiese perspektief egskeiding as maatskaplike verskynsel, die gesin as maatskaplike sisteem en die belange van die minderjarige kind, teoreties te konseptualiseer.
- Om die huidige egskeidingsevalueringsproses, soos deur die Kantoor van die Gesinsadvokaat toegepas, te ondersoek en te beskryf.
- Om `n praktykmodel vir egskeidingsevaluering vanuit `n sisteemteoretiese perspektief, wat die belange van die minderjarige kind bevorder, te ontwikkel.
- Om die effektiwiteit van die nuut ontwikkelde praktykmodel vir egskeidingsevaluering empiries te evalueer.
- Om aanbevelings te maak ten opsigte van die praktykbenutting van die nuut ontwikkelde praktykmodel om die belange van die minderjarige kind in egskeidingsevaluering te bevorder.
- To develop a practice model for evaluation in divorce and to evaluate the practice model empirical to promote the best interests of the minor child
- To conceptualise theoretically divorce as social phenomenon, the family as social system and the interests of the minor child from a systems perspective.
- To investigate and describe the current process of evaluation in divorce disputes as it is administered by the Office of the Family Advocate.
- To develop a practice model for evaluation in divorce disputes from a systems perspective to promote the interests of the minor child.
- To evaluate empirically the effectiveness of the newly developed practice model for evaluation in divorce disputes.
- To make recommendations regarding the implementation of the newly developed practice model to promote the interests of the minor child in divorce disputes.
Thesis (DPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2008.
Social Work and Criminology
unrestricted
Ward, Lelanie. « Kinders betrokke by instemmende seksuele handelinge / Lelanie Ward ». Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/12226.
Texte intégralLLM (Comparative Child Law), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014
Celliers, Charmaine. « Beskerming van kinderregte in die Suid-Afrikaanse reg in die lig van die Kinderwet 38 van 2005 ». Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/8615.
Texte intégralSuid-Afrika het ‘n ver pad gekom sedert die 16de eeu in die erkenning en ontwikkeling van kinderregte. Kinderregte word vandag ten volle erken in die Grondwet, wat die hoogste gesag in die land is. Hierdie studie het ten doel om die beskerming van kinderregte in die Suid-Afrikaanse Reg te ondersoek, met verwysing na die rol wat internasionale reg, soos die United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (“die Konvensie”) en die African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child 1990 (“Afrika Handves”) in die ontwikkeling van kinderregte gespeel het. Spesifieke voorskrifte ingevolge waarvan die regte van kinders beskerm word is ondersoek,insluitend artikel 28 van die Grondwet en sekere bepalings van die Kinderwet. Weens die beperkte omvang van hierdie verhandeling, is sekere afgebakende voorbeelde uit die Kinderwet ondersoek met spesifieke verwysing na kinders se regte en tradisionele waardes soos manlike besnydenis, vroulike besnydenis en maagdelikheidstoetse. Daar is gekyk of die praktiese probleme op regeringsvlak, byvoorbeeld die voorsiening en befondsing van maatskaplike dienste, die implementering van die bepalings van die Kinderwet vertraag. Skrywer kom tot die slotsom dat die bepalings van die Kinderwet alleenlik nie voldoende is om effektiewe beskerming aan sekere groepe kinders te verleen nie en hierdie probleme lei daartoe dat kinderregte nie behoorlik gerealiseer en geïmplementeer word nie, en dat daar nie ‘n behoorlike balans tussen die regte en verantwoordelikhede van die kind, die ouers en die staat bereik word nie. Moontlike oplossings vir die probleem en tekortkominge in die uitvoering van die Kinderwet word voorgestel in die slot hoofstuk.
South Africa has come a long way since the 16th century in the recognition and development of children's rights. Children's rights are now fully recognized in the Constitution, the supreme authority in the country. This study aims to investigate the protection of children's rights in South African law, with reference to the role of international law, such as the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and the African Charter on the rights and Welfare of the child 1990, in the development of children's rights. Specific provisions under which the rights of children protected is examined, including Section 28 of the Constitution and certain provisions of the Children’s Act. Due to the limited scope of this paper, some designated examples from the Children’s Act are examined with particular reference to children's rights and traditional values such as male circumcision, female circumcision and virginity testing. It is looked at if whether the practical problems experienced on government level, the provision and funding of social services delay the implementation of the provisions of the Children's Act .Author comes to the conclusion that the provisions of the Children alone is not sufficient to ensure effective protection of the rights of certain groups of children and that these problems led to children's rights not properly realized and implemented, and that a proper balance between the rights and responsibilities of the child, the parents and the state is not reached. In the concluding chapter possible solutions to the problems and shortcomings in the implementation of the Children’s Act is suggested.
Jurisprudence
LLM
Lüneburg, Liezel. « Die impak van die MIV/VIGS-pandemie op sekere aspekte van die Suid-Afrikaanse kinderreg ». Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2419.
Texte intégralDie MIV/vigs-pandemie in Suid-Afiika- van die ergste in die wereld- toon geen tekens van afname nie. Miljoene kinders is reeds of wees gelaat of hewig geaffekteer deur die magdom impakte daarvan op gesinne en gemeenskappe. Die epidemie het voortdurend stygende sterftesyfers tot gevolg en die hewige las van die siekte rus swaar op MIV-positiewe sowel as MIV-negatiewe individue. Verder word tradisionele ondersteuningsnetwerke oorbelaai en/of gaan hulle tot niet. Gesinne en gemeenskappe verloor hul ekonomiese, sosiale en kulturele lewensvatbaarheid. Die pandemie hou, veral onder die armes, 'n geweldige bedreiging vir die gesondheid, welstand en regte van babas, kinders en jongmense in. 'n Groot gedeelte van die impak van MIV/vigs hou verband met die feit dat sommige kinders en hul gesinne beperkte toegang tot die elemente van 'n gesonde omgewing en goeie gesondheid het. Regerings, gemeenskappe en gesinne wat deur MIV/vigs geraak word, het minder tyd, energie en finansiële hulpbronne beskikbaar om op voorkomende gesondheidsorg te fokus. Benewens die impak op gesondheidstatus, word kinders se omstandighede ook as gevolg van MIV/vigsverwante probleme bemoeilik. Dit sluit verhoogde gesinsarmoede, 'n hoer risiko van verlating en weeslating, geforseerde migrasie, onterwing, sielkundige trauma, uitsluiting en diskriminasie, en fisiese en seksuele mishandeling in. Die derde vlaag van die epidemie, welke vlaag nou betree word, word gekenmerk deur 'n ontsettende hoe sterftesyfer, 'n ontploffing in die getal sorgbehoewende en weeskinders en 'n verhoging in menslike pyn en lyding. Die reg speel 'n baie belangrike rol in die beperking van hierdie impak van die MIV/vigs-pandemie op die lewens van alle kinders. MIV/vigs-reg is in die proses van evolusie of vorming en reeds bestaande teorieë kan aangewend word ten einde sekere vrae te beantwoord en probleme daaromtrent aan te spreek. Tog is daar 'n dringende behoefte aan MIV/vigs-spesifieke wetgewing en teorieë ten einde die impak van die pandemie op alle vlakke suksesvol te beheer. Verder het die Kinderreg so 'n mate van ontwikkeling bereik dat daar algemeen aanvaar word dat kinders 'n spesiale belangegroep binne die gemeenskap vorm. Die regsreëls met betrekking tot kinders verander gedurig en is ook nie geskik om volgens die tradisionele wyse, as privaat- of publiekreg, geklassifiseer te word nie. In die hieropvolgende proefskrif word die impak van MIV/vigs op sekere publiekregtelike, maar oorwegend privaatregtelike aspekte van die Suid-Afiikaanse kinderreg ondersoek, sowel as enkele metodes waarop die reg moontlik hierdie impak kan absorbeer en hanteer. Daar word ook in aparte hoofstukke na die impak van MIV/vigs op die lewens van kinders. sorgbehoewende kinders, egskeiding en die ouer-kind-verhouding verwys The HIV/aids pandemic in South Africa - one of the worst in the world - does not seem to be decreasing. Millions of children have already been either orphaned or heavily affected by the numerous impacts on families and communities associated with it. The epidemic brings on an ever-increasing mortality rate and the extreme burden thereof weighs down heavily on HIV-positive as well as HIV-negative individuals. Traditional support networks are further being heavily burdened or perish entirely. Families and communities lose their economical, social and cultural viability. The pandemic threatens, especially among the poorest, the health, wellbeing and rights of infants, children and young people. The impact of HIV/aids is to a great extent the result of the fact that some children and their families do not have sufficient access to a healthy environment and good health. Governments, communities and families affected by HIV/aids have less time, energy and financial resources available in order to enable them to focus on preventive healthcare. In addition to the impact on health status, children's circumstances are also being encumbered by HIV/aids-related problems, including family poverty, a higher risk of being abandoned or orphaned, forced migration, disinheritance, psychological trauma, ostracism and discrimination and physical and sexual abuse. The third wave of the epidemic, which wave is presently being experienced, is characterised by a high mortality rate, an increasing amount of children in need of care and orphaned children and an increase in human pain and suffering. The law plays an important role in the limitation of the impact of the HIV/aids pandemic on the lives of children. HIV/aids law is in the process of evolution or forming and existing theories can be used in order to answer certain questions and address certain issues relating to it. However, there is an urgent need for HIV/aids-specific legislation and theories in order to successfully manage the impact of the pandemic on all levels. Child law has also reached such an extent of development that children is now viewed as a special interest group within the community. The legal principles regarding children change constantly and cannot be classified in the traditional way, which is either as private or public law. In this thesis the impact of HIV/aids on certain aspects of the public and private law pertaining to children is examined. Ways in which the impact can be absorbed and managed by the law is also examined. The impact of HIV/aids on divorce, the parent-child relationship, children in need of care, and the impact of HIV/aids on the lives of children is examined in separate chapters.
Jurisprudence
LL. D.