Bibliographies thématiques / Belt tensioners

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Belt tensioners »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 14 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Belt tensioners"

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Feng, Xiao, Wen-Bin Shangguan, Jianxiang Deng, Xingjian Jing et Waizuddin Ahmed. « Modelling of the rotational vibrations of the engine front-end accessory drive system : a generic method ». Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D : Journal of Automobile Engineering 231, no 13 (23 janvier 2017) : 1780–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407016685966.

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To investigate the rotation vibration dynamics of the pulleys and the tension arms, and to estimate the vibrations of the belts and the slip ratio between the belt and the pulleys in the engine front-end accessory drive systems, a systematic modelling and analytical method is proposed for engine front-end accessory drive systems; this can be used for modelling engine front-end accessory drive systems with different layouts and different numbers of tensioners, including automatic and fixed tensioners. In the modelling, the rotational pulleys are classified as fixed-axis pulleys and moveable-axis pulleys (such as the pulley in the tensioner). Moreover, the belt spans are classified as the belt spans between the two fixed pulleys, and the belt spans adjacent to the pulley of a tensioner. The equations of motion for each type of pulley and the tension calculation equations for each type of belt span are developed. In this way, the equations of motion for all the pulleys and the tensioner arms can be obtained easily, irrespective of the layout of the tensioners. To obtain the dynamic rotational vibration responses of an engine front-end accessory drive system by the conventional Runge–Kutta method, high-efficiency algorithms or methods are also proposed for calculating the tangent-point coordinates between a belt and the adjacent pulleys and the belt length of the contact arc on one pulley. The proposed modelling and analysis methods are validated by modelling different layouts of the engine front-end accessory drive systems with different types and numbers of tensioners, and also by comparisons between the calculated dynamic vibration responses of the pulleys and the belts and the real experimental data.
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Beikmann, R. S., N. C. Perkins et A. G. Ulsoy. « Design and Analysis of Automotive Serpentine Belt Drive Systems for Steady State Performance ». Journal of Mechanical Design 119, no 2 (1 juin 1997) : 162–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2826231.

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Serpentine belt drive systems with spring-loaded tensioners are now widely used in automotive engine accessory drive design. The steady state tension in each belt span is a major factor affecting belt slip and vibration. These tensions are determined by the accessory loads, the accessory drive geometry, and the tensioner properties. This paper focuses on the design parameters that determine how effectively the tensioner maintains a constant tractive belt tension, despite belt stretch due to accessory loads and belt speed. A nonlinear model predicting the operating state of the belt/tensioner system is derived, and solved using (1) numerical, and (2) approximate, closed-form methods. Inspection of the closed-form solution reveals a single design parameter, referred to as the “tensioner constant,” that measures the effectiveness of the tensioner. Tension measurements on an experimental drive system confirm the theoretical predictions.
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Goncharov, K. A. « Conceptual solutions for control systems of differential tensioners for belt conveyors ». Nauchno-tekhnicheskiy vestnik Bryanskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta 7, no 4 (25 décembre 2021) : 316–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22281/2413-9920-2021-07-04-316-327.

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Differential tensioning devices for belt conveyors in general and intermediate drives of extended conveyors in the form of closed traction loops are a new type of automatic tensioning devices that differ from other known designs by the presence of a stepwise discrete belt tension control system with separation of compensation functions for belt stretching under load and control of its tension during the operation of the conveyor in order to create optimal modes of belt loading. The article analyzes the well-known and practical concepts of belt conveyor control systems in general. The possibility of controlling the traction force realized by the intermediate belt drive by controlling the tension of the traction and load-carrying belts is shown. On the basis of the analysis, conceptual solutions for control systems for differential tensioning devices of belt conveyors are proposed with the possibility of both autonomous use and application in the structure of an integrated conveyor control system. Possible structures of linear parts of differential tensioning devices are presented, as well as options for the implementation of executive parts that directly move tensioning elements.
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Michon, G., L. Manin et R. Dufour. « Hysteretic Behavior of a Belt Tensioner : Modeling and Experimental Investigation ». Journal of Vibration and Control 11, no 9 (septembre 2005) : 1147–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546305055539.

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In this paper we describe the modeling of the hysteretic behavior of belt tensioners. An initial experimental device is composed only of the tensioner by using forcing frequencies, preloads and deflection amplitudes. It permits the identification of the parameters of the restoring force model used. Comparison of the measured and predicted force-deflection loops of the tensioner subjected to large deflections permits preliminary validation of the model. The second experimental device consists of a belt-tensioner system. Its non-linear modeling includes the above hysteretic model and the belt’s longitudinal characteristics. Validation of the belt-tensioner model is completed by comparing the measured and predicted belt tension. Finally, it is shown by using a parametric investigation and phase-plane portrait that the response of the belt-tensioner system increases with the frequency and the amplitude of the excitation.
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Leamy, M. J., et N. C. Perkins. « Nonlinear Periodic Response of Engine Accessory Drives With Dry Friction Tensioners ». Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 120, no 4 (1 octobre 1998) : 909–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2893919.

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Belt drives have long been utilized in engine applications to power accessories such as alternators, pumps, compressors and fans. Drives employing a single, flat, “serpentine belt” tensioned by an “automatic tensioner” are now common in automotive engine applications. The automatic tensioner helps maintain constant belt tension and to dissipate unwanted belt drive vibration through dry friction. The objective of this study is to predict the periodic rotational response of the entire drive to harmonic excitation from the crankshaft. To this end, a multi-degree of freedom incremental harmonic balance method (IHB) is utilized to compute periodic solutions to the nonlinear equations of motion over a wide range of engine speeds. Computed results illustrate primary and secondary resonances of the accessory drive and tensioner stick-slip motions.
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Beikmann, R. S., N. C. Perkins et A. G. Ulsoy. « Nonlinear Coupled Vibration Response of Serpentine Belt Drive Systems ». Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 118, no 4 (1 octobre 1996) : 567–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2888336.

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This theoretical and experimental study identifies a key nonlinear mechanism that promotes strongly coupled dynamics of serpentine belt drive systems. Attention is focused on a prototypical three-pulley system that contains the essential features of automotive serpentine drives having automatic (spring-loaded) tensioners. A theoretical model is presented that describes pulley and tensioner arm rotations, and longitudinal and transverse belt vibration response. A recent investigation demonstrates that infinitesimal belt stretching creates a linear mechanism that couples transverse belt vibration to tensioner arm rotation. Here, it is further demonstrated that finite belt stretching creates a nonlinear mechanism that may lead to strong coupling between pulley/tensioner arm rotation and transverse belt vibration, in the presence of an internal resonance. Theoretical and experimental results confirm the existence of this nonlinear coupling mechanism. In particular, it is shown that very large transverse belt vibrations can result from small resonant torque pulses applied to the crankshaft or accessory pulleys. These large amplitude transverse vibrations are particularly sensitive to seemingly small changes in the rotational mode characteristics.
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Wang, Hong Yun, Xiang Kun Zeng et Ji Yong Zhao. « Experimental Study of Dynamic Characteristics and Model Parameter Identification of Tensioner ». Advanced Materials Research 988 (juillet 2014) : 332–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.988.332.

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Tensioners play a predominant role in the dynamic behavior of serpentine belt drive systems. The experimental set-up was carried out to study the dynamic characteristics of tensioner. Experimental results illustrate that tensioner shows hysteresis nonlinear dynamic characteristics, and dynamic stiffness and damping of slip motion of up stroke of tensioner are related to excitation frequency and amplitude. The first differential nonlinear model of tensioner was determined, and the parameter identification method of the model was introduced. The accurate of the nonlinear model and effectiveness of the parameter identification method was validated.
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Domek, Grzegorz, Piotr Krawiec et Michał Wilczyński. « Timing belt in power transmission and conveying system ». MATEC Web of Conferences 157 (2018) : 04001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815704001.

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This paper presents the problem of phenomena occurring at the contact of a timing belt and a pulley. Depending on a belt size range these phenomena differ significantly. There is no indication as to what solutions are optimal for drive belts. The analysis of the coupling process and performance tests have shown that the drive belt should have a cord of very good mechanical properties and its raceway side should be made from the material of a low friction coefficient against the pulley material. A flat belt in power transmission and conveying systems cooperates with several elements consisting of timing pulleys, tensioners or guiding rails. In gear with timing belts they depend strongly on characteristics of the process as well as the type of friction. In recent constructions, producers of timing belts are very much concerned about achieving as much slippery surface as possible. The work describes the problem of friction on different surfaces as well as its influence on gear lifetime. Research results confirm that on many surfaces bigger coefficient of friction is expected.
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Lutz, Harald, Kai-Ulrich Machens, Sven-Yves Hoffmann et Lars Kübler. « SPR4 - the next generation of seat belt pre-tensioners ». ATZ worldwide 112, no 12 (décembre 2010) : 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03225260.

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Ermakov, V. V., R. A. Maleev, A. A. Holodov et YU M. SHmatkov. « The digital gauge of a tension of a belt of a gas-distributing mechanism and the generator in VAZ vehicles ». Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 12, no 2 (15 juin 2018) : 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-66818.

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In this article, the analysis of belt tension measurement instruments for the gas-distributing mechanism of automotive internal combustion engines is presented. The review and analysis of belt tension measurement instruments of the gas-distributing mechanism of leading foreign manufacturers was conducted. Classification of methods for measuring belt tension is carried out. It is concluded that the mechanical belt tension indicators do not provide sufficient measurement accuracy. The classification of electronic belt tensioners is considered. The main disadvantages of modern electronic measurement instruments of belt tension of the gas distribution mechanism of automobile internal combustion engines are revealed. A digital device for measuring the belt tension of the gas distribution mechanism of automotive internal combustion engines, developed at Togliatti Polytechnic University, is presented. Structural and schematic diagrams of the device for measuring belt tension, as well as working diagrams of the device, are given. The developed instrument is universal and can also be used to measure the tension of any belts, for example, for driving a car generator. The proposed method for measuring the tension of the gas-distributing belt and the generator can be further adapted to the use for motor vehicles of various automakers (including foreign ones) that are equipped, in particular, with electric start systems with a capacitive energy storage and a battery.
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Thèses sur le sujet "Belt tensioners"

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Zhu, Farong. « Nonlinear dynamics of one-way clutches and dry friction tensioners in belt-pulley systems ». Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1158689667.

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Bankwitz, Hagen. « Simulation und Analyse ringgespannter Zahnriemengetriebe ». Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-154615.

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Die Arbeit befasst sich mit der Simulation von Zweiwellen-Zahnriemengetrieben und deren Vorspannmethoden, insbesondere mit der relativ neuen Methode Spannring (ROLL-RING®). Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, ein analytisches Simulationsmodell zu entwickeln, mit dem grundlegende Erkenntnisse über das statische und dynamische Verhalten solcher ringgespannten Zahnriemengetriebe gewonnen werden können. Für einen exemplarischen Vergleich der Vorspannmethoden, werden außerdem analytische Simulationsmodelle für Zahnriemengetriebe ohne Spannelement und mit federgespannter Rolle erstellt. Als weiteren Bestandteil der vorliegenden Arbeit wird eine Dimensionierungsvorschrift für ringgespannte Zahnriemengetriebe abgeleitet, bei der sowohl statische als auch dynamische Vorgänge im Getriebe berücksichtigt werden können. Anschließend wird der Einfluss der relevanten Parameter auf das Verhalten des ringgespannten Getriebes untersucht. Alle erstellten Simulationsmodelle werden sowohl experimentell an Versuchsständen als auch mittels FEM-Vergleichsrechnung validiert. Die dafür benötigten Getriebeparameter wurden ebenfalls experimentell ermittelt. Abschließend folgt der exemplarische Vergleich der Vorspannmethoden anhand von drei Simulationsbeispielen und einem experimentellen Vergleich des Wirkungsgrads
This dissertation deals with the simulation of two-shaft timing belt drive and its pre-tension methods. Special attention is given to the relatively new method tensioning ring (ROLL-RING®). The target of the present work is to develop an analytical simulation model, with this fundamental understanding of the static and dynamic behavior of such ring-tensioned timing belt drives can be gained. For an exemplary comparison of pre-tension methods, analytical simulation models for synchronous belt drive without pre-tension element and with tensioner pulley with spring will be created. As another part of the present work a dimensioning specification for ring-tensioned toothed belt drives was deduced. This specification can be considered in both static and dynamic processes in the transmission. Then, the influence of relevant parameters on the behavior of the ring-tensioned timing belt drives is researched. All created simulation models will vali-date both experimental and FEM using comparative calculation. The parameters re-quired for the transmission were also experimentally determined. Finally, the exemplary comparison of pre-tensioned methods basis of three examples of simulation and an ex-perimental comparison of energy conversion efficiency follow
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Nouri, Mostafa. « Design optimization and active control of serpentine belt drive systems with two-pulley tensioners ». 2005. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=370999&T=F.

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Chen, Hui. « Modeling and analysis of a belt-driven integrated starter generator system with two independent tensioners ». 2009. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=958053&T=F.

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Olatunde, Adebukola Olsanmi. « Design and Analysis of a Tensioner for a Belt-driven Integrated Starter-generator System of Micro-hybrid Vehicles ». Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/17209.

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The thesis presents the design and analysis of a Twin Tensioner for a Belt-driven Integrated Starter-generator (B-ISG) system. The B-ISG is an emerging hybrid transmission closely resembling conventional serpentine belt drives. Models of the B-ISG system's geometric properties and dynamic and static states are derived and simulated. The objective is to reduce the magnitudes of static tension in the belt for the ISG-driving phase. A literature review of hybrid systems, serpentine belt drive modeling and automotive tensioners is included. A parametric study evaluates tensioner parameters with respect to their impact on static tensions. Design variables are selected from these for an optimization study. The optimization uses a genetic algorithm (GA) and a hybrid GA. Results of the optimization indicate the optimal system contains spans with static tensions that are significantly lower in magnitude than that of the original design. Implications of the research on future work are discussed in closing.
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Livres sur le sujet "Belt tensioners"

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A clown in a grave : Complexities and tensions in the works of Gregory Corso. Carbondale : Southern Illinois University Press, 1999.

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Nouri, Mostafa. Design optimization and active control of serpentine belt drive systems with two-pulley tensioners. 2005.

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traducteur, Binette Louise, dir. La nouvelle : Attention, tensions ! Scholastic, 2012.

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Keymer, Tom. Jane Austen : A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198725954.001.0001.

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Jane Austen: A Very Short Introduction combines critical introductions to each of Jane Austen’s major novels with an exploration of the themes of Austen’s writing. Austen wrote six of the best-loved novels in the English language, as well as a smaller corpus of works unpublished in her day. She pioneered new techniques for representing voices, minds, and hearts in narrative prose, and was a penetrating satirist of social tensions and trends. This VSI considers how Austen reveals the literary, social, and political tensions from which the novels emerge. It also analyses how her writing continues to charm and impact readers to the present day.
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Nussbaum, Felicity. ‘Mungo Here, Mungo There’. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198812425.003.0002.

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This chapter provides a definitive account of one of Dibdin’s best-known works, The Padlock, which has long been recognized as an important landmark in the representation of black characters in eighteenth-century theatre. The Padlock is most frequently associated with the librettist Isaac Bickerstaff, but this chapter redirects attention to the interaction of Bickerstaff’s words with Dibdin’s music, and to Dibdin’s celebrated performances as Mungo in one of the first comic plays to feature a major character in blackface on the British stage. Placing Mungo in the context of Dibdin’s numerous depictions of racial others (both Black and Oriental), the author argues that Dibdin’s racial performances reflect tensions surrounding slavery, social class, and imperial expansion, but remain stubbornly equivocal about these tensions as they turn captivity, servitude, and chattel slavery into the subject of comedy.
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Graber, Jennifer. 1868 to 1872. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190279615.003.0004.

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As the federal government established reservations across the American West, Protestant leaders argued that they were best suited to run them. Quakers, especially, claimed that America’s benevolent character could be best expressed by turning reservations over to Protestant representatives. By the early 1870s, Protestant and Catholic representatives administered dozens of reservations in what came to be known as the “Peace Policy.” Kiowas, now living on a reservation, found ways to continue their cultural practices despite the reservation’s limits and its Quaker administration. They lived nomadically, hunted for their food, and participated in a broad regional economy for buffalo hides and other trade goods. They also carried out their rites for seeking sacred power. But Quakers pushed them to farm, attend school, and remain inside reservation boundaries. And federal officials withheld food rations and incarcerated Kiowas who broke reservation regulations. Tensions grew between Kiowas and the Quakers who lived among them.
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Huang, Yukon. China’s Impact on the Global Balance of Power. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190630034.003.0009.

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President Xi’s “China Dream” is underpinned by the country’s expanding trade and aid initiatives. While many welcome such opportunities, Beijing’s assertive foreign policy has exacerbated tensions. Meanwhile, America’s rebalancing toward Asia is seen by China as a containment strategy. China’s response has been to launch its “One Belt, One Road” initiative to support infrastructure development along historic land and maritime routes across Asia and the Middle East to Europe. Beijing’s plans have been substantiated by large amounts of lending and a new multilateral institution. China is no longer willing to accept the United States as the dominant regional power, yet it is unclear whether America is prepared to surrender any portion of its primacy. It remains to be seen whether the disputes over the sovereignty of regional islands will lead to conflicts or a conciliatory process that will allow the region to remain stable and prosper.
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Brooks, Risa. Civil-Military Relations. Sous la direction de Derek S. Reveron, Nikolas K. Gvosdev et John A. Cloud. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190680015.013.9.

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Civil-military relations are fundamental to the fabric of American politics. Throughout the country’s history, relations among military institutions, the civilian leadership, and American society have experienced periodic challenges and frictions. Since the late 1950s, sociologists, historians, and political scientists have sought to document and analyze these tensions. The issues include the perennial topic of how best to assure civilian control of the military; the nature and consequences of the gaps between American society and the military; the military’s involvement in politics; and the appropriate roles of civilian and military leaders in strategic assessment. This chapter explores these scholarly debates and discusses their practical implications for contemporary American civil-military relations.
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Gray, Erik. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198752974.003.0001.

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This chapter sets out the book’s scope, methodology, and premises. The book’s topic is erotic love (eros)—as opposed to other forms such as friendship (philia) and family or divine love (agape)—and its relation to poetry, especially lyric poetry, across the Western tradition. Given the historicist bent of most current criticism, it is relatively rare for a book to juxtapose works from many different periods, as this one does. But such transhistorical criticism has advantages, not least in revealing often surprising similarities and continuities among works from very different contexts. Notably, love lyrics consistently foreground the tensions between privacy and publicity, as well as between singularity and convention.
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Rushdy, Ashraf H. A. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190851972.003.0001.

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This chapter argues that the sequence of moral practices that follow in the wake of an injury—resentment at injury, apology for injury, and forgiveness of injury—can be best understood in a work that treats all three practices as an ensemble. It also argues that we can appreciate the contemporary debates over these practices by identifying important historical moments in each of their evolutions and discerning what those moments reveal about the practice in question. Instead of attempting to define the practices by identifying what are the restrictive conditions it must meet, philosophers might examine the historical development of each practice and see what dialectic tensions were in place in a key moment of contestation about its meaning.
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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Belt tensioners"

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Jung, Do Hyun, Sung In Bae et Joung Woo Phark. « A Study on Automatic Belt Tensioner Life Evaluation in Accessory Belt System ». Dans Key Engineering Materials, 1797–803. Stafa : Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-978-4.1797.

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Jung, Do Hyun, Sell Song, Pilsu Shin et Sung In Bae. « Damage Evaluation of Automatic Belt Tensioner Using with FTP-75 Mode ». Dans Fracture and Strength of Solids VI, 133–38. Stafa : Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-989-x.133.

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O’Sullivan, Brendan, et Karen Ray. « The Metropolitan Cork Green Belt : Synergies and Tensions between Strategic and Local Understandings of Landscape Value ». Dans Irish Contemporary Landscapes in Literature and the Arts, 217–32. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230360297_18.

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Thiollet, Hélène, et Laure Assaf. « Migrant Cosmopolitanism in Emirati and Saudi Cities : Practices and Belonging in Exclusionary Contexts ». Dans IMISCOE Research Series, 151–65. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67365-9_12.

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AbstractMass migration to the Gulf cities has produced, over time, de facto cosmopolitan situations. Even though cosmopolitanism is somewhat present in national narratives and official propaganda, foreign residents face exclusionary contexts where policies and practices keep them excluded from the national community. This chapter unpacks the internal tensions characteristic of cosmopolitanism in the exclusionary contexts of the Gulf by comparing cities in the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia. These tensions operate within migrants’ everyday practices and modes of consumption in urban spaces. We argue that these practices are best understood as a form of segregated cosmopolitanism through which the different migrant communities both acknowledge (and at times consume) urban diversity and maintain certain boundaries. Building upon the analysis of discourses and ethnographic fieldwork in Abu Dhabi, Riyadh and Jeddah, this research engages with theories of cosmopolitanism from a situated perspective. It moves away from the classical, normative approach to cosmopolitanism and highlights the fragility of everyday cosmopolitan situations.
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Cassola, Adèle, Patrick Fafard, Michèle Palkovits et Steven J. Hoffman. « Mechanisms to Bridge the Gap Between Science and Politics in Evidence-Informed Policymaking : Mapping the Landscape ». Dans Integrating Science and Politics for Public Health, 293–328. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98985-9_13.

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AbstractDespite long-standing efforts to enhance evidence-informed decision-making in public health policy, tensions remain between the goal of basing decisions on the best available scientific evidence and the need to balance competing aims, interests, and evidentiary sources in representative democracies. In response, several strategies have been proposed both to democratize evidence production and evaluation, and to effectively integrate evidence into the decision-making processes of institutions of representative democracy. Drawing on a synthesis of the conceptual and empirical literature, this chapter describes and categorizes mechanisms that aim to reconcile political and scientific considerations in evidence-informed policymaking and develops an analytical typology that identifies salient dimensions of variation in their selection and design.
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Schües, Christina. « Dimensions and Tensions of the Child’s Well-Being and Stem Cell Transplantation : A Conceptual Analysis ». Dans Philosophy and Medicine, 31–62. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04166-2_3.

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AbstractThe concepts of the child’s well-being and the child’s best interests are both central to medical practice concerning children. Such concepts become particularly crucial when a healthy child becomes a stem cell donor for her sick sibling. The concept of the child’s well-being inheres a tension between her well-being and her will, her present and future well-being, and the child’s individual well-being and that of the family as a whole. In this essay, I first unfold some key juridical, ethical and philosophical aspects of the concept of the child’s well-being; second, I discuss decision making in the medical realm, asking about the characteristics of the child’s will, the tension generated between the child’s will and well-being, and the stages of decision-making; and third, I refer to the perspective of temporality, which shifts the tragic problem to an open field that can keep those affected (i.e. the donor child, the recipient, and last but not least the whole family) in communication with one another. The internal relationships of the child’s well-being need to be seen in the context of the whole family’s well-being.
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Nguyen, Binh, Greg J. Fox, Paul H. Mason et Justin T. Denholm. « Preventive Therapy for Multidrug Resistant Latent Tuberculosis Infection : An Ethical Imperative with Ethical Barriers to Implementation ? » Dans Ethics and Drug Resistance : Collective Responsibility for Global Public Health, 19–35. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27874-8_2.

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Abstract Multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has a substantial impact on individuals and communities globally, including lengthy, expensive and burdensome therapy with high rates of treatment failure and death. Strategies to prevent disease are well established for those who acquire latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) after exposure to drug susceptible TB (DS-TB). However, there has been limited research or programmatic experience regarding the prevention of MDR-TB. Accordingly, while global recommendations strongly emphasize the need to deliver LTBI therapy after TB exposure, most programs do not do so where MDR LTBI is identified. The paucity of prospective randomized trial evidence for the effectiveness of MDR LTBI therapy, and concerns regarding its adverse effects, have been used to justify a reluctance to scale up programmatic interventions to prevent MDR-TB, or to participate in research evaluating such strategies. However, such a response fails to adequately balance potential risks of therapy with the substantial harms associated with inaction. Furthermore, the cost of inaction falls disproportionately on the most vulnerable members of society, including children. Delays in implementing proven preventive strategies may also mask hidden programmatic concerns, particularly regarding the financial cost and other burdens of treating drug resistant infection. Reticence to engage with preventative therapy for MDR-TB, even in the absence of high-level evidence, may run counter to the best interests of individuals who have been exposed to MDR-TB. This chapter will explore ethical tensions raised by expanding access to preventative therapies for MDR-TB, and consider how ethically optimal responses to this adverse condition may be evaluated. An ethical perspective on evidentiary burden will be addressed, emphasizing how MDR LTBI research may both offer, and be shaped by, paradigmatic insights into human research ethics more generally. Emerging research and illustrations from the authors programmatic engagement in Vietnam are offered as case examples, because social and community expectations and norms may challenge, or support, implementation of therapy for drug-resistant infection. Such circumstances prompt consideration of the broader questions of social impact, such as the potential for widespread preventive therapy to accelerate the development of antimicrobial resistance.
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Barth, D. S., et T. S. Golosinski. « Computerized calculations of belt conveyor tensions ». Dans Continuous Surface Mining, 145–51. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003079422-19.

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« Design of belt conveyors 1 – power requirements and belt tensions ». Dans Belt Conveying of Minerals. CRC Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781439824238.ch3.

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Yardley, E. D., et L. R. Stace. « Design of belt conveyors 1 – power requirements and belt tensions ». Dans Belt Conveying of Minerals, 17–43. Elsevier, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9781845694302.17.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Belt tensioners"

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Zhao, Jiaxin, Clark Barker, Larry Oliver, William Breig et Joey Edson. « Experimental Testing and Modeling of Automotive Automatic Belt Tensioners ». Dans International Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States : SAE International, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/980839.

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Beikmann, R. S., Noel C. Perkins et A. G. Ulsoy. « Nonlinear Coupled Response of Serpentine Belt Drive Systems ». Dans ASME 1993 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1993-0036.

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Abstract This theoretical and experimental study identifies a key nonlinear mechanism that promotes strongly coupled dynamics of serpentine belt drive systems. Attention is focused on a prototype three-pulley system that contains the essential features of automotive serpentine drives having automatic (spring-loaded) tensioners. A theoretical model is presented that describes pulley and tensioner arm rotations, and longitudinal and transverse belt response. A recent investigation demonstrates that infinitesimal belt stretching creates a linear mechanism that couples transverse belt response to tensioner arm rotation. Here, it is further demonstrated that finite belt stretching creates a nonlinear mechanism that may lead to strongly coupled response in the presence of an internal resonance. Theoretical and experimental results confirm the existence of this nonlinear coupling mechanism. In particular, it is shown that very large transverse belt vibrations can result from small resonant torque pulses applied to the crankshaft or accessory pulleys.
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Kim, Hyunsoo, et Hyuk Wee. « Transmission Error Characteristics of a Stepping Motor Drive Timing Belt System for a Fixed and an Automatic Tensioner ». Dans ASME 1992 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1992-0061.

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Abstract The transmission error characteristics of a stepping motor drive timing belt system are investigated theoretically and experimentally for the fixed and the automatic tensioner. It is found that the amplitude of the transmission error θe due to the pulley eccentricity and θm due to the stepping motor torque variation decrease as the belt tension increases and the applied torque load increases. Also, θe can be reduced by using the automatic tensioner, while θm shows almost same magnitude for both tensioners. The theoretical results based on the bondgraph model are in good accordance with the experimental results.
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Farshidi, Reza, Vahid Mashatan et Jean W. Zu. « Variable Stiffness Tensioner for a Belt Driven Transmission System ». Dans ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-38417.

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A new tensioner mechanism is designed for a belt driven transmission system with variable gear ratios. The preliminary design of such transmission system includes a morphing driver pulley, a driven pulley with constant radius, and a tensioner. With the aim of changing the gear ratio, the radius of the morphing pulley (driver) varies gradually through a stepwise shifting procedure. Hence, the geometry of the belt and pulley system, including the tensioner pulley position, changes noticeably while the shifts occur. A regular tensioner, commonly used in the belt and pulley systems, includes a linear spring, which is attached to an idler pulley. This type of tensioner is designed and installed in the transmission systems with respect to the geometry and loading condition in order to guarantee a certain value of static pretension in the belt. The longitudinal vibration of the belt and pulley system is also controlled by setting proper value of tensioner spring stiffness and other dynamic parameters. The regular tensioner is commonly modeled as a linear spring. These tensioners are mainly used for the belt and pulley systems with constant gear ratios. In the case of variable drive system, while the radius of the driver pulley changes, a large displacement in the tensioner pulley position is expected. This large displacement results in large variation into the belt static tension, and might cause unpredicted fatigue failure in the belt or pulleys. Lower values of static tension can cause belt dynamics instability in a belt driven system. [Wickert 1990] A new tensioner is proposed for the morphing pulley transmission system in order to control the static tension and the belt longitudinal vibrations for different gear ratios. The tensioner includes a linear spring that is connected to the tensioner pulley via a convertor mechanism. The convertor system consists of a traveling pin and guide rail mechanism. The traveling pin is connected to the tensioner pulley while the rail is attached to the linear spring. Using this mechanism, the tensioner system behaves like a variable spring element. By defining a proper curve, it is possible to maintain the static tension within the desired range and control the longitudinal vibration of the belt and pulley system. The design parameters of the tensioner system are investigated through a linear optimization process in order to minimize the longitudinal vibration of the belt as well as the pretension.
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Michelotti, Alvaro C., Andre F. Ferreira, Lucas F. Berto et Pedro P. Pastorelli. « Evaluation of future trends in conceptual design of belt tensioners for hybrid applications ». Dans 2018 SAE Brasil Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States : SAE International, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2018-36-0300.

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Olatunde, Adebukola, et J. W. Zu. « Optimization of Twin Tensioner Performance in a Belt-Driven Integrated Starter-Generator System for Micro-Hybrids ». Dans ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-87110.

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The objective of this paper is to optimize the belt tensioning mechanism, known as the Twin Tensioner. The optimized tensioner achieves the minimum magnitude of belt tension in a Belt-driven Integrated Starter-generator (B-ISG) system. The B-ISG is an emerging hybrid transmission that closely resembles conventional serpentine belt drives. The system contains an integrated starter-generator (ISG) unit that performs a start-stop function on the engine. A derivation of the system’s equation of motion is simulated in this paper. A parametric study evaluates the Twin Tensioner’s parameters with respect to their impact on static tensions. Design variables are selected from these parameters for optimization. The optimization uses the genetic algorithm (GA) and the sequential quadratic programming (SQP) searches. Computations for belt tension based on the optimized design variables indicate the optimal system contains spans with static tensions that are significantly lower in magnitude than in the original design.
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Martin, Bruce, Oriol Rijken et Kent Davies. « Experimental Validation of a Numerical Model for a Dry-Tree Semisubmersible in Benign Environments ». Dans ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-24185.

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The offshore industry has spent the last several years developing semisubmersible platforms capable of supporting both drilling and production activities. The production trees are located on top of the top tensioned risers (TTRs) on a Dry Tree Semisubmersible. A key challenge in the design of these vessels is to reduce the heave motion as much as possible to enable the use of state-of-the-art riser tensioners. A model test campaign was executed as part of the developmental program. The primary objective of this campaign was to improve the accuracy of the numerical tools to be used in the design process. Riser tensioners are typically hydro-pneumatic devices, with a nonlinear tension-stroke relationship. A riser tensioner was developed at model scale which had a similar nonlinear behavior to the prototype. Examining the effect of this tensioner on the global motions was an additional objective of this test campaign. The techniques used to model this nonlinear spring is described, and its effect on global motions investigated. A key challenge in model testing platforms intended for ultra-deep water (e.g. greater than 7000 ft) is the modeling of the mooring and riser system. The premise for the design of the model mooring system is 1.) maintain as best as possible the force-offset relationship of the mooring lines and 2.) be able to describe the model test configuration in the numerical tools to be used for global design. The near taut behavior of the prototype mooring system is modeled using heavy chain and a high-catenary mooring line.
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Parker, Robert G., Shrenik Shah et Lingyuan Kong. « Spatial Discretization of Serpentine Belt Drive Dynamics Using Constrained Basis Functions ». Dans ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-32368.

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An efficient method for calculating the eigensolutions and dynamic response of a serpentine belt drive is presented. The model is a hybrid discrete-continuous one where the motions consist of rotations of the pulleys, rotation of the tensioner arm, and transverse vibrations of the continuum belt spans adjacent to the tensioner. The speed of solution results from discretization of the belt spans where the unusual feature is the use of Lagrange multipliers to enforce the geometric boundary conditions at the belt-tensioner interface. The method reduces the computational effort by several orders of magnitude compared to published methods using the same model. Also, it is not susceptible to numerical problems that binder the published methods. The sensitivities of the belt drive natural frequencies to system parameters are also studied. The model parameters under consideration include belt longitudinal stiffness, tensioner spring stiffiness, span tensions, belt transport speed, belt density, and pulley moments of inertia. Exact solutions for the eigensensitivities to these parameters are obtained using perturbation methods. The exact formulae are reduced to simple expressions related to the modal strain and kinetic energies. The eigensensitivities are readily determined, quantitatively and qualitatively, by inspection of the modal energy distributions. An example is presented to demonstrate the capabilities of the methods.
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Leamy, Michael J., et Noel C. Perkins. « Periodic Response of Front End Accessory Drives With Dry Friction ». Dans ASME 1997 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc97/vib-3912.

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Abstract Belt drives have long been utilized in engine applications to power accessories such as alternators, pumps, compressors and fans. Drives employing a single, flat, ‘serpentine belt’ tensioned by an ‘automatic tensioner’ are now common in automotive engine applications. The automatic tensioner helps maintain constant belt tension and to dissipate unwanted belt drive vibration through dry friction. The objective of this study is to predict the periodic rotational response of the entire drive to harmonic excitation from the crankshaft. To this end, a multi-degree of freedom incremental harmonic balance (IHB) method is utilized to compute periodic solutions to the nonlinear equations of motion over a wide range of engine speeds. Computed results illustrate primary and secondary resonances of accessories and tensioner stick-slip motions.
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Manin, Lionel, Didier Remond et Jean-Philippe Gaborel. « Experimental/Numerical Analysis of the Timing Belt Drive Behavior of a V6 Engine ». Dans ASME 2003 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2003/ptg-48010.

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The timing belts used for automotive engine are asked to last more and more, and to be less noisy. In this way, it is necessary to simulate the behavior of the engine timing belt drives for optimization, but also to understand it from experimental analysis. The first objective of the work was to analyze experimentally the behavior of a V6 engine timing belt drive in terms of: pulley speeds, belt span tensions, transmission error. The second objective was to compare the measurements with simulations. The engine has four overhead camshafts and 4 valves per cylinder. The timing belt drive is composed of six pulleys, three idlers and an automatic tensioner. The crankshaft and the two first camshaft speeds are measured with optical encoders. Spans tensions are measured by means of strain gauges glued on the idler mounting axes. All the data are simultaneously recorded. Tests have been run from 800 rpm to 6000 rpm. Measured data are first analyzed in the time domain. Some phenomena like, nil span tensions, speeds acyclism and transmission error amplitude, are observed. Then, analyses of the harmonic content of the span tensions, pulley speeds and transmission errors between the crankshaft and the camshafts, are performed versus engine rotation speed. Finally, the tests have been simulated and comparisons are made between numerical and experimental results.
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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Belt tensioners"

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Nema, Arpit, et Jose Restrep. Low Seismic Damage Columns for Accelerated Bridge Construction. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, décembre 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/zisp3722.

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This report describes the design, construction, and shaking table response and computation simulation of a Low Seismic-Damage Bridge Bent built using Accelerated Bridge Construction methods. The proposed bent combines precast post-tensioned columns with precast foundation and bent cap to simplify off- and on-site construction burdens and minimize earthquake-induced damage and associated repair costs. Each column consists of reinforced concrete cast inside a cylindrical steel shell, which acts as the formwork, and the confining and shear reinforcement. The column steel shell is engineered to facilitate the formation of a rocking interface for concentrating the deformation demands in the columns, thereby reducing earthquake-induced damage. The precast foundation and bent cap have corrugated-metal-duct lined sockets, where the columns will be placed and grouted on-site to form the column–beam joints. Large inelastic deformation demands in the structure are concentrated at the column–beam interfaces, which are designed to accommodate these demands with minimal structural damage. Longitudinal post-tensioned high-strength steel threaded bars, designed to respond elastically, ensure re-centering behavior. Internal mild steel reinforcing bars, debonded from the concrete at the interfaces, provide energy dissipation and impact mitigation.
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Hart, Heidi. Everybody Wants to Be ‘Origines’ : Nativism, Neo-pagan Appropriation, and Ecofascism. European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), mars 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55271/pp0005x.

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This paper explores the tensions that emerge in neo-pagan media and practices, when they appeal not only to far-right enthusiasts but also to those with a left-leaning, environmentalist bent. New Age appropriation of Indigenous cultures and the anti-human temptations of ecofascism further complicate the picture. Ultimately, any group that follows a purity mentality, seeking deep, unadulterated roots in nature, risks nativist thinking and exclusion of those without the privilege of imagining themselves doing heroic deeds in equally imaginary, old-growth woods.
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Chandrasekhar, C. P. The Long Search for Stability : Financial Cooperation to Address Global Risks in the East Asian Region. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, mars 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp153.

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Forced by the 1997 Southeast Asian crisis to recognize the external vulnerabilities that openness to volatile capital flows result in and upset over the post-crisis policy responses imposed by the IMF, countries in the sub-region saw the need for a regional financial safety net that can pre-empt or mitigate future crises. At the outset, the aim of the initiative, then led by Japan, was to create a facility or design a mechanism that was independent of the United States and the IMF, since the former was less concerned with vulnerabilities in Asia than it was in Latin America and that the latter’s recommendations proved damaging for countries in the region. But US opposition and inherited geopolitical tensions in the region blocked Japan’s initial proposal to establish an Asian Monetary Fund, a kind of regional IMF. As an alternative, the ASEAN+3 grouping (ASEAN members plus China, Japan and South Korea) opted for more flexible arrangements, at the core of which was a network of multilateral and bilateral central bank swap agreements. While central bank swap agreements have played a role in crisis management, the effort to make them the central instruments of a cooperatively established regional safety net, the Chiang Mai Initiative, failed. During the crises of 2008 and 2020 countries covered by the Initiative chose not to rely on the facility, preferring to turn to multilateral institutions such as the ADB, World Bank and IMF or enter into bilateral agreements within and outside the region for assistance. The fundamental problem was that because of an effort to appease the US and the IMF and the use of the IMF as a foil against the dominance of a regional power like Japan, the regional arrangement was not a real alternative to traditional sources of balance of payments support. In particular, access to significant financial assistance under the arrangement required a country to be supported first by an IMF program and be subject to the IMF’s conditions and surveillance. The failure of the multilateral effort meant that a specifically Asian safety net independent of the US and the IMF had to be one constructed by a regional power involving support for a network of bilateral agreements. Japan was the first regional power to seek to build such a network through it post-1997 Miyazawa Initiative. But its own complex relationship with the US meant that its intervention could not be sustained, more so because of the crisis that engulfed Japan in 1990. But the prospect of regional independence in crisis resolution has revived with the rise of China as a regional and global power. This time both economics and China’s independence from the US seem to improve prospects of successful regional cooperation to address financial vulnerability. A history of tensions between China and its neighbours and the fear of Chinese dominance may yet lead to one more failure. But, as of now, the Belt and Road Initiative, China’s support for a large number of bilateral swap arrangements and its participation in the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership seem to suggest that Asian countries may finally come into their own.
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