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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Belgium – Emigration and immigration – Economic aspects »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Belgium – Emigration and immigration – Economic aspects"

Bade, Klaus J. « Immigration and integration in Germany since 1945 ». European Review 1, n^o 1 (janvier 1993) : 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798700000405.

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The immigration pattern in Germany has changed from emigration to immigration. The state has yet to recognize this fact and to come to terms with the social requirements that this entails. Public attitudes emphasize the difficulties that emigrants bring but are insufficiently attuned to the positive economic and cultural aspects of emigration.

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Ryazantsev, Sergey, et Mauro Alexandre Luís Miguel. « Economic Aspects of Migration in the Republic of Angola ». DEMIS. Demographic Research 2, n^o 1 (23 mars 2022) : 80–0. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/demis.2022.2.1.7.

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The article discusses the features of migration in the Republic of Angola. The country has a strong demographic and economic potential. Migration processes occur in two directions: there is an immigration to the country of qualified and highly qualified specialists, return forced migrants; and labor and educational migrants emigrate from the country. Between Angola and Portugal there are fairly stable migration ties. The largest Angolan diaspora outside of Africa has formed in the former metropolis. Portugal attracts Angolans with a common language, historical ties, labor market opportunities, and prospects for integration into society. Also, Angolan diasporas began to form in the so-called “new emigration” countries - France, the USA, South Africa, Brazil. The most recent trend has been the emigration of Angolans to China, which is actively developing and establishing strong ties with African countries. Remittances from labor migrants and representatives of the Angolan diasporas characterize new directions of emigration from the country. Remittances to Angola come mainly from those countries where labor migrants go to work. Angola gradually transformed from a country of outflow of forced migrants into a country of reception of forced migrants. Large-scale return migration of Angolan refugees who had previously left the country is taking place in the country. Despite the magnitude of the phenomenon of forced migration, there is little research on the integration of refugees and the reintegration of returned refugees into Angolan society. As a result, the potential of former refugees is not fully utilized in terms of developing the human capital of Angola and its regions.

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Poot, Jacques. « Adaptation of Migrants in the New Zealand Labor Market ». International Migration Review 27, n^o 1 (mars 1993) : 121–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839302700106.

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This article addresses economic aspects of New Zealand immigration during the 1980s. General features are overall net emigration coinciding with high levels of immigration from Asia and Pacific Island countries. Earnings by years in New Zealand profiles for immigrants with selected occupations are steeper for Pacific Island-born males than for other immigrant groups. Although there are few data, there is some evidence that profiles differ between cohorts. Since the level of controlled immigration is likely to be increased and the perceived labor market outcomes are an input in the selection criteria, further research is needed.

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Richmond, Anthony H. « Socio-demographic aspects of globalization : Canadian perspectives on migration ». Canadian Studies in Population 29, n^o 1 (31 décembre 2002) : 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.25336/p65p5b.

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Trends in Canadian immigration and emigration in the last decade are examined, distinguishing ‘temporary’ and ‘permanent’ movements, economic migrants and refugees. Comparisons are made with those of other OECD countries. Global migration patterns have changed as a result of post-industrial technologies. Although money, goods and services may move relatively freely, people do not. Processes of inclusion and exclusion occur within and between countries and regions. A typology of migrant incorporation is presented. Questions of human security and border controls are considered. Recommendations are made concerning the protection of migrant human rights.

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Georgiana, Noja Gratiela, et Moroc Andrei. « Labour Mobility Within the Eu : Major Effects and Implications for the Main Sending and Receiving Economies ». European Journal of Economics and Business Studies 5, n^o 1 (30 août 2016) : 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejes.v5i1.p87-100.

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The paper aims to analyse the effects induced by labour mobility within the European Union, focusing both on emigration and immigration effects for major sending and host economies in terms of the overall economic activity, empowering the business enterprise sector and labour market, as well as on economic (labour force) and non-economic (humanitarian, asylum seekers) migration. Labour mobility within the European Union is an important coordinate of the economic integration process and one of the freedoms granted to the member states, with significant consequences upon their economies. Nevertheless, the international labour migration mainly resides from wage differentials, working conditions or opportunities between sending and host economies, thus proving to be an important symbol of global economic inequality. Taking into consideration all these aspects, our analysis is based on developing various double-log fixed (LSDV) and random (ECM) effects models, using a panel structure that covers five main EU destination countries and ten New EU Member States, respectively a complex set of indicators compiled during 2000-2014 and 2006-2015. The models are processed through OLS and GLS methods of estimation, as well as by using the correlated panels corrected standard errors (PCSE) method, being completed by in-sample and out-of-sample predictions. The results show that immigration flows have important economic consequences leading to significant changes in labour market performances both for natives and foreign population (decreases in employment rates and lowering wage levels). Still, one of the most important positive effects of immigration reflected by the results obtained is represented by an increase in the number of innovative enterprises in the host country, thus confirming the theories linking migration to innovation. In terms of labour emigration, there is evidence to attest that it generates positive effects on the main sending economies from Central and Eastern Europe on the GDP per capita, earnings and exports, especially through remittances, but the overall negative impact is predominant.

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Андрющенко, К. Д. « SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL PECULIARITIES OF THE MIGRATION POLICY OF RUSSIA ». Финансовые Исследования, n^o 1(74) (24 juin 2022) : 98–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.54220/finis.1991-0525.2022.74.1.010.

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Цель. Представленная статья направлена на исследование возможности разработки качественно нового подхода к понятию эмиграции как приоритетной области миграционного регулирования Российской Федерации. Структура/методология/подход. Основные положения современной миграционной политики России в большинстве своем затрагивают вопросы регулирования иммиграционных процессов, в то время как усиливающийся из года в год эмиграционный отток российских граждан остается без должного внимания. В связи с этим возникает объективная необходимость в качественно новом подходе к понятию эмиграции, предусматривающем конкретные рекомендации по урегулированию эмиграционных процессов. Исследование основано на оценке и статистическом анализе официальных фактических и прогнозируемых данных Росстата о тенденциях развития эмиграционных процессов России. Методологической основой исследования послужили ключевые положения Концепции национальной миграционной политики на 2019-2025 гг., а также предложения к миграционной стратегии России до 2035 г. Результаты. В исследовании определены и охарактеризованы основные вызовы социально-экономическому и финансовому развитию России от продолжающейся эскалации масштабов эмиграционного оттока граждан за рубеж. Выявлены проблемные аспекты национального миграционного регулирования в области эмиграции, предложены конкретные рекомендации по их возможной нейтрализации, а также принципы, на основе которых может осуществляться практическое внедрение предлагаемых рекомендаций. Практические последствия. Выводы и обобщения исследования могут быть использованы при формулировании отдельных положений миграционной стратегии, а также при разработке конкретных предложений по совершенствованию национальной миграционной политики в области регулирования эмиграционных процессов. Оригинальность/значение. Научная значимость состоит в том, что представленные в работе результаты могут послужить для дальнейших теоретических разработок проблем развития эмиграционных процессов России. Практическая значимость состоит в разработке рекомендаций по совершенствованию национального миграционного законодательства в области регулирования эмиграции. The presented article is aimed at exploring the possibility of developing a qualitatively new approach to the concept of emigration as a priority area of migration regulation in the Russian Federation. The main provisions of the modern Russia’s migration policy, for the most part, affect the regulation of immigration processes, while the emigration outflow of Russian citizens, which is increasing from year to year, actually remains without due attention. In this regard, there is an objective need for a qualitatively new approach to the concept of emigration, which provides for specific measures to regulate emigration processes. The study is based on an assessment and statistical analysis of official actual and forecasted data from Rosstat on the trends in the development of Russia’s emigration processes. The methodological basis of the study was the key provisions of the National Migration Policy Concept for 2019-2025, as well as proposals for the Russian migration strategy until 2035. The study identifies and characterizes the main challenges to the socio-economic and financial development of Russia from the ongoing escalation of the scale of the emigration outflow of citizens abroad. The problematic aspects of national migration regulation in the field of emigration are identified, specific recommendations are proposed for their possible neutralization, as well as the principles on the basis of which the proposed recommendations can be implemented in practice. The conclusions and generalizations of the study can be used in the formulation of certain provisions of the migration strategy, as well as in the development of specific proposals for improving the national migration policy in the field of regulating emigration processes. The scientific significance lies in the fact that the results presented in the work can serve for further theoretical development of the problems of the development of emigration processes in Russia. The practical significance lies in the development of recommendations for improving the national migration legislation in the field of emigration processes regulation.

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Khomutenko, L., et O. Ieremenko. « MULTICULTURALISM AS A DERIVATIVE PHENOMENON OF LABOR MIGRATION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION ». Vìsnik Sumsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu, n^o 1 (2019) : 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/1817-9215.2019.1-9.

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The article explores the essence of multiculturalism and its place in the politics of the European Union. This article looks at aspects of the impact of migration flows on countries of the world and world politics. It reveals the scope and main directions of international labor migration. The purpose of the article is to investigate the economic indicators of the countries most affected by irregular migration flows and to develop practical recommendations for improving the mechanisms of employment in international relations. Analyzing and summarizing the results of scientific works and research of domestic and foreign scholars, the tendency of characteristic changes of multiculturalism as part of cultural relations was considered. Several consequences of international labor migration from different countries are described. The importance of multiculturalism policy for international economic relations has been proved. Particular attention is paid to the problems and prospects of multicultural policy development in EU countries. Keywords: multiculturalism, migration, labor migration, emigration, immigration, economic migrants.

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KURYLIAK, Vitalina, et Maksym KURYLIAK. « «NEW ECONOMY» IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL KNOWLEDGE, INFORMATION AND INNOVATION MANAGEMENT ». Vol 18, No 4 (2019) 18, Vol 18, No 4 (2019) (décembre 2019) : 397–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/jee2019.04.397.

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The article deals with the innovative mechanism of the new economy in the aspects of regional and national peculiarities of its functioning in the global and EU space. The general tendency of strengthening the orientation of national economies towards international trade in services, internationalization of research networks and expansion of creative human resources have been determined. Contrarily, evaluating the results of the Lisbon Strategy has demonstrated the need to prioritize employment, productivity and social cohesion to achieve global leadership. The concentration of scientific and technical potential of the leading countries of the international market on breakthroughs for economic development is an important tendency in the conditions of globalization. It has been shown that the implementation of new economy ideas sharpens competition for the skilled labour as a major component in research, innovation and entrepreneurship. At the same time, there are processes of transition from being an emigration country to being an immigration one. A comparison of EU and Chinese investment policy has been made, demonstrating the potential of using national sources, community mutual funds and fiscal federalization. It has been argued that the development of innovative products through the integration of science and production is an important factor in the development of new economy.

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Siedlanowski, Paweł. « Emigration to the Kingdom of the Netherlands as a Perceived Opportunity by Young People ». Economic and Regional Studies / Studia Ekonomiczne i Regionalne 14, n^o 2 (1 juin 2021) : 220–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ers-2021-0015.

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Abstract Subject and purpose of work: The article is devoted to factors influencing the migration decisions of young Poles to the Kingdom of the Netherlands, and to showing the differences in their perception of the country of emigration and the country of immigration. The elements of youth policy in Poland and the Netherlands were also presented. The hypothesis adopted in the paper was that the decisions of young people in the labor market are mainly influenced by short-term financial aspects. Materials and methods: The observations and assessments used in the article were formulated based on the research literature on the subject, the statistical data collected by the institutions of Poland, the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the European Union, a questionnaire survey and own experiences gained from mobility. Results: The article outlines the course of migration trends of Poles and presents the causes of changes in the choice of the destination country for migration. It presents factors encouraging young people to take up employment in the country and those encouraging them to search a job abroad, specifically in the Netherlands. The barriers and facilities that may be encountered by young people seeking employment in the labor market in both countries were indicated. The reasons for the emigration of young people from Poland were discussed based on the results of the current study, that is a 400-person research sample obtained from an online survey. The aim of the study was to identify three important factors influencing the decision to emigrate and to evaluate this decision. Conclusions: The conducted analysis shows the complexity of the problems of migration of young people. Economic, political, social, cultural, and environmental factors have a significant influence on the decisions made. From the point of view of young people, the unattractive domestic labor market in terms of finance and development, and all the resulting consequences are the biggest problems.

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Lela Tetradze, Lela Tetradze. « Employment and Unemployment Markers in the Current Situation ». Economics 104, n^o 6-9 (15 octobre 2021) : 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/104/6-9/20216919.

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One of the major challenges for the economic development of Georgia is how to increase the rate of employment and decrease the rate of unemployment. At the current stage of economic and social development of Georgia, it is very important to raise an employment rate and to decrease an unemployment rate. This complex problem is subject to constant changes over time. Therefore, the continuous research in this field is and will stay very important. It is a priority for the economic development of the country to make relevant political steps to decrease unempoyment and increase employment. In order to develop efficient economic policy to decrease unemployment and increase employment, it is important to conduct a thorough market analysis and implement necessary steps to get better results. This article analyzes the current situation in terms of employment and unemployment, provides relevant latest data and describes the existing circumstances based on the analysis of these data. In this article, the focus is made on an important issue affecting unemployment, such as migration processes. Both external and internal migration makes an important impact on the current unemployment rate in the country. Internal migration may lead to positive as well as negative consequences. The article indicates that the consequences are considered to be positive, if the population migration is directed from the regions with the surplus of workforce to the regions with the shortage of workforce, which certainly leads to the lower unemployment rate in the country; on the other hand, the consequences are negative when an excessive number of people are migrating from certain regions, making it impossible to develop these regions in the future; also such migration increases the population in the big cities, which leads to worsened leaving conditions and poor municipal services in these cities. Besides, the article focuses on external migration processes: emigration and immigration as important aspects affecting the unemployment. Both of them have positive and negative consequences. In case of emigration, a positive consequence can be if the surplus of the workforce is leaving the country. This decreases the rate of unemployment; while the negative consequences will entail, if the workforce of employment age, mainly young people, are leaving the country. This creates a problem in the country with a low birth rate and puts even the population replacement under danger. It is well known that migration of the population influences the demographic structure of the population. The migration mostly involves the population of working age, mainly young people. The population increases in regions which are receiving migrants. Namely, the ratio of young population is increasing. In the regions from which people are emigrating, the absolute number of population is decreasing and withing the age structure, the ratio of elderly population is increasing. Besides, the article reviews a negative impact inflicted by COVID-19, declared as the world pandemic by the World Health Orgrnization, on different social and economic aspects of the country. The article also discusses the main challenges of the labor market – the high rate of unemployment, the employment structure and a low productivity of self-employed. For the past few years, there have been drastic demographic changes, which results in a decreased workforce. These demographic changes are caused by people leaving the country as well as by the unstable birth rates. Besides, “brain drain” during the short period of time leads to the loss of intellectual asset of the country. However, if these people come back, it may have a very positive impact on the labor market: it will increase the number of qualified people in the country and it will have a positive influence on the economy of the country and its growth. Keywords: labor market; employment; unemployment; economically active population; workforce; employed; self-employed; modern challenges; impact of the pandemic.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Belgium – Emigration and immigration – Economic aspects"

Rea, Andrea. « Immigration, état et citoyenneté : la formation de la politique d'intégration des immigrés de la Belgique ». Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211905.

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Fell, Gordon. « The impact of immigration on the Australian economy ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c811beb5-8090-459f-a3e7-e5bd68884cf7.

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Australian immigration policy has traditionally been justified as a means to ensure national security and promote economic development. Neither of these rationales retains much contemporary force. A larger population is no longer regarded as critical to Australia's defensive capacity, and the quest for economic development, synonymous with aggregate growth, has been superseded by a concern about per capita growth performance. While humanitarian and cultural justifications for immigration have been advanced, they are either restricted in scope or contentious. Currently, the programme is operating on a large scale without a clear rationale. The purpose of this work is to investigate the economic consequences of immigration, and so consider whether the economic rationale may be recast in an alternative form. In this chapter, the existing literature is reviewed and a strategy for carrying the analysis further is outlined.

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Kóczán, Zsóka. « Essays in the economics of migration ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648797.

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ACHARD, Pascal Pierre Marie. « Essays in empirical microeconomics ». Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/65566.

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Defence date: 13 December 2019
Examining Board: Prof. Andrea Ichino, European University Institute; Supervisor Prof. Michèle Belot, European University Institute; Prof. Yann Algan, Sciences Po; Prof. Eleonora Patacchini, Cornell University
This thesis is a collection of independent essays in applied microeconomics. In the first chapter, I investigate if growing up in an ethnic enclave slow down the adoption of natives cultural behaviour by immigrants. To measure cultural behaviour, I use administrative data on usage of contraceptives by women aged 15 to 20. To observe exogenous variation in the ethnic concentration of (close) neighbourhoods, I rely on the random allocation of asylum seekers to government run accommodation in the Netherlands during the period 1996 to 2012. Although behaviours do converge with time, neighbourhood ethnic composition has no effect on this process. In the second chapter, co-authored with Eva Johansen, we study if teenagers decision to use contraceptives is influenced by peers. To identify peer effects, we rely on cross-cohort variation in students usage in Danish high-schools. To address the reflection problem, we focus on the influence of older cohorts on younger ones. Contraception not being prevalent among young women with a non-Western background, its usage is a good measure of cultural adaptation. Looking at the effect of different peers group is indicative of which is influential. Immigrant teenagers adapt their behaviours to what other immigrants (but not what other natives) do. Their probability of using contraceptives and of having an abortion becomes lower, but not their likelihood of being treated for chlamydia. In the third chapter, I study the influence of pre-migration social background on the economic assimilation of immigrants. I use unique French survey data to trace family histories over three generations, both in the sending country before migration and later in France. Pre-migration socioeconomic status is key in explaining the educational achievements of second generation immigrants. Holding the origin country fixed, it is as important as father's occupation in the destination country. After an initial loss at migration, the first generation regains human capital more slowly than the second generation develops its own. In a simple model of human capital accumulation, this can be due to (i) parents investing more in their children than in themselves or (ii) the productivity of the two investments being different. The latter channel is supported empirically.
-- 1. Does growing up in an ethnic enclave slow down the adoption of natives cultural behaviour? -- 2. Who influences young immigrants? -- 3. The Intergenerational (Im)mobility of Immigrants

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BROBERG, Nikolaj. « Essays in political economy, migration, and public economics ». Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/74543.

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Defence date: 19 May 2022
Examining Board: Prof. Andrea Ichino, (EUI, Supervisor); Prof. Andrea Mattozzi, (University of Bologna and EUI, Co-Supervisor); Prof. Frederico Finan, (University of California, Berkeley); Prof. Ekaterina Zhuravskaya, (Paris School of Economics and EHESS)
This thesis in four chapters focuses on political economy, migration, and public economics. The first chapter, joint with Vincent Pons and Clémence Tricaud, investigates the effects of campaign finance rules on electoral outcomes. In French departmental and municipal elections, candidates competing in districts above 9,000 inhabitants face spending limits and are eligible for public reimbursement. Using an RDD around the population threshold, we find that these rules increase competitiveness and benefit the runner-up of the previous race as well as new candidates, in departmental elections, while leaving the polarization and representativeness of the results unaffected. These results appear to be driven by the reimbursement of campaign expenditures, not spending limits. We do not find such effects in municipal elections, which we attribute to the use of a proportional list system instead of plurality voting. The second chapter, joint with Lars Ludolph, analyzes the effects of the migration wave from Central and Eastern European countries (AC-12) following their EU accession in 2004 on local level redistribution in England. We apply a difference-in-differences estimation strategy and find that greater migration flows led to spending on means-tested social care services to decrease in relative terms, while spending on education services increased. Our mechanisms suggest that, because of AC-12 migrants’ young age at the time of arrival, the 2004 EU enlargement alleviated some of the pressure faced by social care spending in England. We find no evidence that spending shifts are driven by a change in the local willingness to redistribute income. The third chapter investigates the effect of ideological distance between EU Commissioners for Agriculture and Regional Policy and heads of governments on the allocation of agricultural and regional funds flowing to member states. Results show that ideological distance is a strong deterrent of funds being channeled. The effects are strongest in pre-election years, for countries providing the Commissioners in charge of the given portfolios, and for countries that are single-party-ruled as opposed to coalition-ruled. These results provide first hand evidence that the behavior of European Commissioners follows similar principles to national level elected politicians and can help the debate surrounding EU reforms and the political independence of its executive body. The fourth chapter, joint with Pietro Panizza, exploits a reform in Italy that granted mayors the right to run for a third consecutive term in towns below 3,000 inhabitants. We employ a difference-indiscontinuity design and find evidence of pandering effects by mayors in both their first and second term at the time of the reform. Results differ depending on the term of the mayor reflecting the importance of the horizon of when mayors’ spending decisions pay off. We also find suggestive evidence of potential capture of first term mayors in the south of Italy.
1 The Impact of Campaign Finance Rules on Candidate Selection and Electoral Outcomes: Evidence from France 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Research setting 1.3 Empirical strategy 1.4 Effects in departmental elections 1.5 Effects in municipal elections 1.6 Mechanisms 1.7 Conclusion 2 Migration and Redistributive Spending: Evidence from Local Authorities in England 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Institutional setting 2.3 Sampling frame and data sources 2.4 Empirical strategy 2.5 Results 2.6 Robustness tests 2.7 Mechanisms 2.8 Conclusion 3 A Politically Independent Executive Arm? EU Commissioners’ Ideological Alignment and Budget Allocation in the European Union 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Institutional Setting 3.3 Data and Empirical strategy 3.5 Mechanisms 3.6 Conclusion 4 Term Limits and Accountability: Evidence from Italy 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Research setting 4.3 Research design 4.4 Main results 4.5 Mechanisms 4.6 Conclusion -- References -- A Appendix to Chapter 1 -- B Appendix to Chapter 2 -- B.1 Main results with controls - full table -- B.2 Local authority spending and funding -- B.3 Spatial distribution of other migrant groups -- B.4 2001 Census variables for matching -- B.5 UKIP results -- C Appendix to Chapter 3 -- D Appendix to Chapter 4 -- D.1 Figures -- D.2 Tables

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Dumont, Cécile J. « Migrations intérieures et immigration dans le bassin industriel de Charleroi, 1800-1866 ». Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213284.

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ZAICEVA, Anzelika. « Three essays on migration from transition economies ». Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/7014.

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Defence date : 6 February 2007
Examining Board: Andrea Ichino, (Università di Bologna and the EUI) ; Riccardo Faini, (Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata") ; Hartmut Lehmann, (Università di Bologna) ; Richard Spady, (European University Institute)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
Are migrants from a transition economy positively self-selected not only with respect to observable characteristics, but also with respect to the unobservales? Moreover, since the decision to migrate is endogenous, what are the causal returns to geographic mobility, net of unobservable confounders? Finally, does gender matter? Do female migrants from a transition economy experience a gain or a (double) disadvantage in the western labour market of being both female and migrants compared to female stayers and to male migrants?

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De, Villers Grandchamps Johanna. « Analyse des processus différentiels d'identification et des stratégies identitaires à l'oeuvre chez les descendants d'immigrés marocains en Belgique ». Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211075.

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Ouali, Nouria. « Migration et accès au marché du : les effets émancipateurs sur la condition des femmes issues de l'immigration ». Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210479.

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La thèse a pour objet l'émancipation des femmes issues de l'immigration. Elle propose d'évaluer les effets de la migration et de l'accès au marché du travail sur l'émancipation des filles de migrantes d'origine marocaine en Belgique francophone.

L'étude tente d'abord de mettre en lumière le rôle des femmes immigrées dans l'histoire de la Belgique en le ré-articulant à l'histoire sociale, l'histoire des femmes et l'histoire de l'immigration. Ensuite, elle montre que l'approche dominante des travaux sur les migrations ne prend pas en compte la dimension du genre, ce qui a pour conséquence de masquer la différenciation des expériences migratoires selon le sexe. Enfin, elle replace l'analyse du statut des femmes immigrées et de leurs descendantes dans la complexité des rapports sociaux de sexe, de race et de classe afin de mieux rendre compte des réalités concrètes et de sortir du simplisme des approches culturalistes.

La thèse développe une analyse des politiques d'intégration (politiques éducative, de l'emploi et de lutte contre les discriminations) visant l'émancipation des immigrées et en évalue l'impact sur les filles de migrant-es d'origine marocaine. Elle présente enfin les trajectoires individuelles des filles de migrant.es marocain.es et examine les facteurs individuels et collectifs favorisant leur émancipation.

Doctorat en sciences sociales, Orientation sociologie
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Grégoire, Nicole. « Faire avancer la communauté : diasporas africaines et associationnisme panafricain en Belgique ». Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209514.

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Résumé :

En Belgique, à l’instar d’autres populations d’origine immigrée, les populations d’origine africaine subsaharienne font face à une relative impuissance. Cette dernière peut-être déterminée en fonction de critères tels que l’accès à l’emploi, au logement, à l’enseignement, ou encore le statut juridico-politique. Dans ma thèse, je m’intéresse aux stratégies mises en place par ces populations afin d’améliorer collectivement leur sort. J’articule la question des conséquences sociales et culturelles de la migration en termes de dialectique de l’identification, focalisée notamment sur l’utilisation couramment synonymique des catégories ethno-raciales « africain », « subsaharien » et « noir », avec celle des formes de l’action collective dégagées dans le cadre des social movement studies. Ma réflexion part d’une proposition théorique formulée de façon synthétique par Pnina Werbner et suggérant que, malgré le climat concurrentiel que la formation et l’expansion d’associations ethniques peut générer, leur développement et leur mise en relation constituerait les prémices incontournables d’éventuelles actions collectives protestataires. Pour Pnina Werbner, cette mise en réseau des associations, si elle s’assortit d’un processus de « convergence idéologique », peut donner lieu à des mobilisations. J’ai enrichi cette proposition de deux manières :d’une part, en affinant la notion de convergence idéologique au moyen de la littérature sur le cadrage et le processus d’alignement des cadres dans la mobilisation collective, et, d’autre part, en articulant dans mon analyse les trois courants théoriques centraux des recherches sur des mouvements sociaux – structure des opportunités politiques, mobilisations des ressources, cadres de l’action collective.

J’ai ainsi montré que le système politique belge était globalement à la fois favorable à l’expression de potentiels mouvements sociaux issus de l’immigration et peu ouvert à leur reconnaissance officielle. J’ai également mis en évidence que les niveaux infra-nationaux et supra-nationaux véhiculaient des opportunités politiques spécifiques. Je me suis ensuite penchée sur la façon dont les différentes opportunités et contraintes politiques mises à jour ont été saisies par deux associations « africaines » soucieuses de former un groupe d’intérêt représentant l’ensemble de la collectivité d’origine africaine subsaharienne, et sur les conséquences organisationnelles de ces choix. Ces études de cas m’ont permis de mettre en exergue le répertoire d’action accommodateur dans lequel ces organisations s’inscrivent, et la relation de leurs membres avec la structure des opportunités politiques. J’ai souligné comment certaines de ces opportunités, dans la façon dont elles ont été réappropriées par les leaders associatifs, ont eu un impact négatif sur la cohésion interne de leurs associations. Aussi, en me penchant plus spécifiquement sur la façon dont les différentes parties prenantes de ces organisations donnent sens aux activités de celles-ci, j’ai montré que les objectifs de ces associations étaient, de façon générale, investis de sens fort différents par les acteurs, y compris au sein des collèges d’administrateurs. Dans la lignée des travaux de Michael Herzfeld, les résultats de ma recherche soulignent la relation disémique inévitable entre la volonté de représentation communautaire officielle et les pratiques internes à la collectivité. Depuis quelques années, les entrepreneurs de représentation de cette collectivité tâchent d’amenuiser cette disémie en engageant leurs associations respectives, rebaptisées « panafricaines », dans des actions collectives. L’analyse de ces actions rend compte de la construction d’un « répertoire symbolique commun » qui se décline autour du référent panafricain et de politiques identitaires pragmatiques. Enfin, j’ai identifié les formes de sociabilité plutôt élitaires du réseau associatif « panafricain » comme une limite de son extension.

Ces développements empiriques montrent tout l’intérêt d’observer largement « l’espace des mouvements sociaux », c’est-à-dire la trajectoire des organisations et des acteurs susceptibles de donner forme à l’action collective. Ce faisant, mon travail contribue à décloisonner des études sur les mouvements sociaux trop souvent cantonnées aux actions protestataires directement menées contre l’autorité publique.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
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Livres sur le sujet "Belgium – Emigration and immigration – Economic aspects"

Martiniello, Marco. Nouvelles migrations et nouveaux migrants en Belgique = : Nieuwe migraties en nieuwe migranten in België. Gent : Academia Press, 2010.

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Migrants and urban change : Newcomers to Antwerp, 1760-1860. London : Pickering & Chatto, 2009.

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Getting by in Europe's labour markets. Senegambian migrants' strategies for survival, documentation and mobility. Amsterdam : Amsterdam University Press, 2009.

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Herbert, Giersch, et Egon-Sohmen-Foundation, dir. Economic aspects of international migration. Berlin : Springer-Verlag, 1994.

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Graeme, Hugo. Emigration from Australia : Economic implications. [Melbourne, Vic.] : Committee for Economic Development of Australia, 2001.

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Walsh, Brendan M. Emigration : An economist's perspective. Dublin : Department of Political Economy, UCD, 1988.

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J, DeVoretz Don. Immigration policy : Methods of economic assessment. Bonn, Germany : IZA, 2004.

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Cordeiro, Albano. L' immigration. Paris : Editions La Découverte, 1987.

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Employment-based immigration : Economic considerations. New York : Nova Science Publishers, 2012.

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Council, National Economic and Social. The economic and social implications of emigration. Dublin : N.E.S.C., 1991.

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