Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « BC. Information in society »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "BC. Information in society"
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Tung, Nadine M., Judy C. Boughey, Lori J. Pierce, Mark E. Robson, Isabelle Bedrosian, Jill R. Dietz, Anthony Dragun et al. « Management of Hereditary Breast Cancer : American Society of Clinical Oncology, American Society for Radiation Oncology, and Society of Surgical Oncology Guideline ». Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no 18 (20 juin 2020) : 2080–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.20.00299.
Texte intégralRésumé :
PURPOSE To develop recommendations for management of patients with breast cancer (BC) with germline mutations in BC susceptibility genes. METHODS The American Society of Clinical Oncology, American Society for Radiation Oncology, and Society of Surgical Oncology convened an Expert Panel to develop recommendations based on a systematic review of the literature and a formal consensus process. RESULTS Fifty-eight articles met eligibility criteria and formed the evidentiary basis for the local therapy recommendations; six randomized controlled trials of systemic therapy met eligibility criteria. RECOMMENDATIONS Patients with newly diagnosed BC and BRCA1/ 2 mutations may be considered for breast-conserving therapy (BCT), with local control of the index cancer similar to that of noncarriers. The significant risk of a contralateral BC (CBC), especially in young women, and the higher risk of new cancers in the ipsilateral breast warrant discussion of bilateral mastectomy. Patients with mutations in moderate-risk genes should be offered BCT. For women with mutations in BRCA1/ 2 or moderate-penetrance genes who are eligible for mastectomy, nipple-sparing mastectomy is a reasonable approach. There is no evidence of increased toxicity or CBC events from radiation exposure in BRCA1/ 2 carriers. Radiation therapy should not be withheld in ATM carriers. For patients with germline TP53 mutations, mastectomy is advised; radiation therapy is contraindicated except in those with significant risk of locoregional recurrence. Platinum agents are recommended versus taxanes to treat advanced BC in BRCA carriers. In the adjuvant/neoadjuvant setting, data do not support the routine addition of platinum to anthracycline- and taxane-based chemotherapy. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (olaparib and talazoparib) are preferable to nonplatinum single-agent chemotherapy for treatment of advanced BC in BRCA1/ 2 carriers. Data are insufficient to recommend PARP inhibitor use in the early setting or in moderate-penetrance carriers. Additional information available at www.asco.org/breast-cancer-guidelines .
2
Hingley, Richard. « Society in Scotland from 700 BC to AD 200 ». Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 122 (30 novembre 1993) : 7–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/psas.122.7.53.
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This paper considers the evidence for Iron Age society in Scotland. Limitations of past research are considered and it is argued that new perspectives currently developing are vital to attainment of a comprehensive understanding of past society. A thematic approach is used to review some useful recent work. This approach considers the evidence from Scotland for the organisation of the household, of the community, and for the nature of production, exchange and deposition. The information reviewed suggests that some understanding of Iron Age society in Scotland exists and that the high quality of recent work and the excellent preservation of the evidence promises a very healthy future for the subject. 101 Iron Age sites and findspots are listed in an Appendix.
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Camejo, Natalia, Cecilia Castillo, Lucia Richter, Nora Artagaveytia, Ana laura Hernandez et Lucia Beatriz Delgado. « Quality indicators at a breast cancer (BC) unit in a Uruguayan university hospital according to the requirements of European Society of Breast Cancer specialists. » Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no 15_suppl (20 mai 2017) : e18209-e18209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.e18209.
Texte intégralRésumé :
e18209 Background: Although clear guidelines for BC management have been developed and widespread, there are many variations between centers, with impact in clinical outcomes. Quality indicators to assess care allows comparison with standards and monitoring changes post intervention. The objective is to evaluate quality indicators in BC care at our Breast Unit. Methods: Retrospective analysis of women diagnosed and treated for BC from June 2014 through June 2016 .The European Society of Mastology (EUSOMA) guidelines for quality assurance in BC and diagnosis (published in 2010 and up dated in 2013 ) were used in order to asses quality of care Results: 103 patients treated for BC were included in the study. Median age was 54 years old, ductal carcinoma: 76,5 %, histological grade I-II: 74 %; stage 0-II: 72%, axillary metastasis: 39 %, progesterone receptor/estrogen receptors+ (RE/RP+): 64 %, HER2+: 27 %. Quality criteria associated to preoperative diagnosis, pathology analysis, surgical treatment, radiotherapy and oncologic treatment were met. Conclusions: Quality indicators allows BC evaluation from established standards, giving objective and reproducible information, helpful to plan process optimization. Care received by patients seen at the Hospital de Clinicas BC Unit during the referred period met all indicators suggested by the European Society of Mastology. [Table: see text]
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Thrift-Perry, M., F. Cardoso, A. Cabanes, K. Moose Hunt, K. Faircloth et T. Araújo Cruz. « Supporting Breast Cancer Early Detection and Diagnosis : A Global Metastatic Breast Cancer Policy Analysis and Promising Practice From Brazil ». Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (1 octobre 2018) : 143s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.31600.
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Background and context: Control of metastatic breast cancer (mBC) is an area with high unmet need. Along the patient journey, policy development remains limited and varied across countries, particularly in detection, diagnosis and treatment. Multistakeholder engagements aim to address these policy gaps. Aim: 1. Understand breast cancer (BC)/mBC policy development in 16 countries and identify opportunities for improvement. 2. Illustrate promising practices spearheaded by civil society (NGOs and academia) that demonstrate success addressing identified gaps and exemplify models for replication. 3. Establish the importance of stakeholder collaboration to implement policies that support timely BC/mBC detection and treatment initiation. Strategy/Tactics: An analysis of National Cancer Control Plans (NCCPs), policies and programs was conducted across 16 countries representing different healthcare systems. Key BC diagnosis policy components were identified and evaluated, using standardized criteria on adoption and implementation of NCCP goals, and BC/mBC-specific policies and programs. Promising practices, spearheaded by civil society, that demonstrate success at filling policy gaps were identified. Their objective was to develop an information resource that other organizations can use as practice-based evidence. An example implemented in Brazil is presented. Program/Policy process: Although mBC screening is ineffective, national BC screening programs (NSPs) implementation promotes BC education and encourages prompt symptom reporting. Structured diagnosis guidelines and upskilled healthcare professionals (HCPs) also facilitate timely detection, as evidenced in Brazil, where diagnosis delays are prevalent. Outcomes: Despite policy efforts, gaps persist for timely BC/mBC detection and diagnosis. Implementation of official NSPs, diagnosis guidelines and HCP educational initiatives varied across countries. In Brazil, the Integrated Approach to Improving Oncology Care project brought together various stakeholders. The initiative aimed to use existing community resources as a pivot to address and improve BC diagnosis gaps, including HCP oncology education/training, capacity building in community health centers and increasing patient support. The initiative provided training to over 150 BC HCPs. Upskilled HCPs were supported to improve skills and system capacity to facilitate timely diagnosis. What was learned: Disparities in BC policy development exist across and within countries. Progress in BC policy is skewed toward the early part of the patient journey e.g., awareness, with key gaps remaining in diagnosis. Although national official action is indispensable, collaboration between different stakeholders is critical to address BC/mBC patient unmet needs. As exemplified in Brazil, we see that policy initiatives and promising practices demonstrate successful multistakeholder engagement to inform further advocacy and policy development.
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Hammersen, Friederike, Telja Pursche, Dorothea Fischer, Alexander Katalinic et Annika Waldmann. « Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine among Young Patients with Breast Cancer ». Breast Care 15, no 2 (19 juillet 2019) : 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000501193.
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Background: Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has received increasing attention in Western countries and is especially common among breast cancer (BC) patients. So far, its effectiveness has not been well studied, which is in part due to the contextuality of CAM along with a lack of information of why patients use it. Objectives: Young BC patients constitute a special patient group regarding clinical characteristics, QOL, and their role in society. Since little is known about their CAM use, this study aimed at exploring it as well as their reasons for CAM use. Methods: Data on CAM and sociodemographics were collected via questionnaire in the context of a rehabilitation program for young mothers with BC. Initial BC diagnoses were between 2009 and 2014 (recruitment period 2012–2015). Clinical characteristics were derived from the patient files. Descriptive statistics were used to describe frequencies and statistically significant differences were tested. Results: Among the 827 patients, with an average age of 39.6 years, 62.5% had used CAM with regard to their cancer. CAM use was significantly higher in women with higher educational level, higher employment status, and statutory health insurance, respectively. The average monthly expenses on CAM were EUR 50. Every 5th woman used CAM without her physician’s knowledge. The types most often used were dietary supplements with vitamins or minerals. The most frequent reasons for CAM use were to strengthen the immune system, support conventional medicine, and combat side effects. Conclusions: CAM plays an important role for young BC patients with regard to prevalence and monthly expenses, and was used for a wide range of reasons. Certain subgroups with more frequent CAM use could be identified. Physicians should therefore proactively talk about CAM with their young BC patients, so that patients do not need to rely on information sources on CAM outside the medical system.
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Munoz-Zuluaga, Carlos A., José David Gallo-Pérez, Andrés Pérez-Bustos, Mavalynne Orozco-Urdaneta, Karen Druffel, Lida P. Cordoba-Astudillo, Luis G. Parra-Lara et al. « Mobile Applications : Breaking Barriers to Early Breast and Cervical Cancer Detection in Underserved Communities ». JCO Oncology Practice 17, no 3 (mars 2021) : e323-e335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/op.20.00665.
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BACKGROUND: Although potentially curable with early detection and timely treatment, breast cancer (BC) and cervical cancer (CC) remain leading causes of death for Colombian women. Lack of education, complicated administrative processes, and geographic limitations hinder early cancer detection. Today, technological tools permeate the society and could assess user risk, deliver customized information, and provide care coordination. We evaluated the effectiveness of a free mobile application (mApp) to reach women, understand misconceptions, identify users at risk for BC and/or CC, and coordinate screening tests in Cali, Colombia. METHODS: The mApp was developed and advertised in four healthcare facility waiting rooms. It used educational, evaluative, and risk factor questions followed by brief explanations to assess the population's knowledge, educate on BC and/or CC, and identify users in need of screening test(s). Women who required screening were navigated and enrolled in the national cancer program. RESULTS: From August 2017 to August 2019, 1,043 women downloaded the mApp. BC misconceptions included beliefs that BC can be prevented (87%), obesity does not increase the risk of BC (49%), and deodorant causes BC (17%). CC misconceptions included that pap smears should not be performed while sexually active (64%), vaginal pain is an early sign of CC (44%), and only women contract human papilloma virus (33%). Overall, 29% (303) were identified as at risk and needed a screening test, with 32% (98) successfully screened. DISCUSSION: mApps can identify women at risk for BC and/or CC, detect barriers to early cancer detection, and help coordinate screening test(s). This technology has widespread applications and may be useful in other underserved communities.
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Munoz-Zuluaga, Carlos A., José David Gallo-Perez, Andres Perez-Bustos, Mavalynne Orozco-Urdaneta, Karen Druffel, Lida Patricia Cordoba-Astudillo, Luis Gabriel Parra Lara et al. « Mobile apps : Breaking barriers to early cancer detection in underserved communities. » Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no 15_suppl (20 mai 2020) : 2065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.2065.
Texte intégralRésumé :
2065 Background: Despite being potentially curable with early detection and timely treatment, breast (BC) and cervical cancers (CC) remain leading causes of death for Colombian women. Lack of cancer screening education, tedious administrative processes, and geographical limitations hinder early cancer detection. Today, technological tools permeate all levels of society and could gather data for user risk stratification, deliver clear and customized information, and help with care coordination, tracking, and addressing communication, transportation, and financial barriers. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of a free mobile application (mApp) to reach women, understand misconceptions about cancer screening, identify users at risk for BC and CC, and coordinate screening tests in Cali, Colombia. Methods: The mApp, Ámate, was developed over 4 months and advertised to women (≥14 years) in waiting rooms of 4 healthcare facilities in Cali, Colombia for 23 months. Ámate used educational, evaluative, and risk factor questions followed by brief explanations to assess the population’s knowledge, educate users on BC and CC, and identify users in need of BC and/or CC screenings. Correct answers yielded points redeemable for cellular data. Women who required screening were subsequently navigated to a healthcare provider and enrolled in the national cancer program. Results: From August 2017-August 2019, 1,043 women from Cali downloaded Ámate and answered all questions. Misconceptions about BC included beliefs that BC can be prevented (87%), obesity does not increase the risk of BC (49%), deodorant causes BC (17%), and only women with a relative with BC can get BC (16%). For CC, misconceptions included that pap smears should not be performed while sexually active (64%), vaginal pain is an early sign of CC (44%), and only women contract HPV (33%). Overall, 31.5% (329) were identified as at-risk and needed a mammogram and/or pap smear. So far, 30% (98) were successfully navigated and completed their recommended screening test(s). Barriers to enrollment in these programs included patient unwillingness, using fake contact information, limited available appointments, and denied access due to healthcare coverage. Conclusions: Ámate is an accessible tool that identifies women at-risk for breast and cervical cancer and detects barriers to early cancer detection. Administrative obstacles exist and must be addressed to improve early cancer detection/screening. Ámate is currently being tested in other areas of Colombia and may be useful in other underserved countries.
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Mori, Naoki, Roberta Morosetti, Susanne Spira, Stephen Lee, Dina Ben-Yehuda, Gary Schiller, Raffaele Landolfi, Hideaki Mizoguchi et H. Phillip Koeffler. « Chromosome Band 1p36 Contains a Putative Tumor Suppressor Gene Important in the Evolution of Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia ». Blood 92, no 9 (1 novembre 1998) : 3405–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v92.9.3405.
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Abstract Chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) is a common neoplasm of hematopoietic pluripotent stem cells. Although the evolution from chronic phase to blast crisis (BC) in CML patients is an inevitable clinical feature, little is understood about the mechanisms responsible for the transformation. We have previously performed allelotype analysis in CML BC and have detected frequent loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on the short arm of chromosome 1. To know the common region of LOH where a putative tumor suppressor gene may reside, deletional mapping was performed using 33 microsatellite markers spanning chromosome 1 in 30 patients with CML BC (21 myeloid and 9 lymphoid). DNA was extracted from slides of bone marrow smears or from bone marrow mononuclear cells. In each patient, DNA from chronic phase was analyzed alongside DNA from either their BC or accelerated phase. Allelic loss on 1p was observed in 14 of the 30 individuals (47%): 10 of the 21 myeloid and 4 of the 9 lymphoid BC cases. Serial cytogenetic information was available in 10 cases with LOH on 1p; interestingly, deletions in this region were not detected. Two samples showed LOH at all informative loci on 1p, whereas the other 12 samples showed LOH on at least one but not all loci on 1p. The common region of LOH resided proximal to D1S508 and distal to D1S507 (1p36). Our results suggest that a tumor suppressor gene that frequently plays an important role in the evolution to BC resides on 1p36 in CML. © 1998 by The American Society of Hematology.
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Mori, Naoki, Roberta Morosetti, Susanne Spira, Stephen Lee, Dina Ben-Yehuda, Gary Schiller, Raffaele Landolfi, Hideaki Mizoguchi et H. Phillip Koeffler. « Chromosome Band 1p36 Contains a Putative Tumor Suppressor Gene Important in the Evolution of Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia ». Blood 92, no 9 (1 novembre 1998) : 3405–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v92.9.3405.421k44_3405_3409.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) is a common neoplasm of hematopoietic pluripotent stem cells. Although the evolution from chronic phase to blast crisis (BC) in CML patients is an inevitable clinical feature, little is understood about the mechanisms responsible for the transformation. We have previously performed allelotype analysis in CML BC and have detected frequent loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on the short arm of chromosome 1. To know the common region of LOH where a putative tumor suppressor gene may reside, deletional mapping was performed using 33 microsatellite markers spanning chromosome 1 in 30 patients with CML BC (21 myeloid and 9 lymphoid). DNA was extracted from slides of bone marrow smears or from bone marrow mononuclear cells. In each patient, DNA from chronic phase was analyzed alongside DNA from either their BC or accelerated phase. Allelic loss on 1p was observed in 14 of the 30 individuals (47%): 10 of the 21 myeloid and 4 of the 9 lymphoid BC cases. Serial cytogenetic information was available in 10 cases with LOH on 1p; interestingly, deletions in this region were not detected. Two samples showed LOH at all informative loci on 1p, whereas the other 12 samples showed LOH on at least one but not all loci on 1p. The common region of LOH resided proximal to D1S508 and distal to D1S507 (1p36). Our results suggest that a tumor suppressor gene that frequently plays an important role in the evolution to BC resides on 1p36 in CML. © 1998 by The American Society of Hematology.
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Parker, Brian, et Christian Bach. « The Synthesis of Blockchain, Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things ». European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 5, no 5 (22 mai 2020) : 588–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2020.5.5.1912.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This paper is an exploration of several theories on the synthesis of the Blockchain(BC), the Internet of Things (IoT), and Artificial Intelligence(AI) through a literature review. Blockchain technology is a decentralized peer-to-peer network that stores records and transactions in immutable blocks secured by cryptography. The decentralization aspect of blockchain eliminates the need for trusted third party interceder. Internet of Things(IoT) is an interrelated computer system that makes a connection between computers and humans to communicate in several areas; smart devices like homes, cars, radio are just a few examples. IoT challenges are security, connectivity, issues with the analysis of big data, centralization, and vulnerability to attacks. Artificial Intelligence(AI) machine learning technology is the advanced decision-making process that influences daily routines such as banking, healthcare, gaming, transportation, and space exploration, among others. AI’s challenges are; security, centralized architecture, and resource limitations. The methodology will be a comprehensive quantitative analysis of the existing research and how these technologies can be a transformative impact on how information is accessed through enterprise and society. The convergence of BC, AI, and IoT will provide scalable, secure high-level intellectual functioning that will be the new paradigm of digital information.
Thèses sur le sujet "BC. Information in society"
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Becerra, Martín Alfredo. « El progreso con peajes : la sociedad de la información. Acceso y convergencia a partir del proyecto europeo ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/4165.
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El trabajo de tesis estudia la conformación de diferentes niveles de accesos sociales y comunicativos en el marco del proyecto de Sociedad d ella Información, haciendo hincapié en las políticas europeas y contrastándolas con indicadores socioeconómicos y con las directrices que, sobre el mismo proyecto, formulan países latinoamericanos.La tesis doctoral elucida los procesos de concentración y convergencia de industrias de la comunicación y la información, como procesos críticos de un abordaje analítico enmarcado en los estudios de economía política de la comunicación.
La construcción de un modo de desarrollo en el que aparecen las tecnologías de información y comunicación como elementos centrales (centralidad que se verifica en la estructuración de las sociedades nombradas como "informacionales") es parte medular de la tesis doctoral, que también presenta el análisis de contenido de los principales documentos de la Comisión Europea y de la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico (OCDE) en la última década del Siglo XX.
The thesis object is to study the different levels of social and communicative access with the Information Society as a framework. Thus, the thesis empathises the european policies of the Information Society project, and the thesis work contrasts this policies with socioeconomic indicators, as well as the main directives of Latin American countries in the same field.
The thesis focuses on the concentration and convergence processes localised at the information and communication industries, due to the critical impact of these two processes in the economic structure of contemporaneous societies.
The conceptual framework of the thesis is linked to the political economy of communications studies. The thesis also presents the content analysis of the main documents produced by the European Commission and the OECD.
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Rojas, Ruiz Sofía. « Mujeres : literatura, representación en los sistemas de clasificación y estudio bibliográfico ». Thesis, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 2008. http://eprints.rclis.org/12903/1/mujeres.pdf.
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Este trabajo nació de la inquietud personal de la autora a partir de algunos cursos y lecturas en torno al binómio litaratura-mujeres. En el primer capítulo la autora hace una revisión del feminismo y las teorías literarias feministas, las cuales sirvieron para respaldar la bibliografía contenida en esta tesis. En el segundo capítulo se presenta un estudio sobre la sintaxis, semántica y los principios de la división del conocimiento a los que obedece el sistema el Clasificación LC, particularmente la subclase HQ, de la clase H, a partir de implicaciones ideológicas y la reproducción de esquemas de dominación a través de instrumentos técnicos. En el tercer capítulo se muestran las relaciones bibliográficas de las obras de cinco escritoras latinoamericanas y una bibliografía de textos escritos por mujeres en América Latina. Estas cinco escritoras fueron elegidas basandose en conocimiento y gustos personales de la autora. El alcance de esta tesis termina con una aproximación bibliografía de carácter geográfico-temporal de la mujeres latinoamericanas del siglo XX.
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Fretel, Gutiérrez Liliana. « La Ética de la información de Luciano Floridi aplicada a los problemas informacionales de la novela 1984 de George Orwell ». Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/16970.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Pretende discutir teorías y analizar conceptos, pues asume que es
también importante realizar este tipo de metodologías de investigación interpretativas dentro de
la Bibliotecología y las Ciencias de la Información. De manera particular, la investigación
emplea el modelo de la Ética de la información de Luciano Floridi como marco teórico
especializado en los problemas relacionados a la información desde una dimensión moral, que
permite evaluar y revisar el propio concepto de información, junto a otros aspectos de la
problemática informacional, pero siempre desde una perspectiva integradora. De ese modo, esta
investigación consiste en una interpretación de la novela 1984 de George Orwell desde los
conceptos de la Ética de la información de Floridi, entendida como una macroética, en la cual
replantea las tres dimensiones de la información, como recurso-producto-objetivo, y propone su
unificación e interacción en la Infosfera, pero además, reconoce que cualquier acción que afecte
negativamente a la Infosfera en su conjunto puede incrementar el nivel de entropía. La tesis
sostiene, a modo de resultado general, la importancia de la libertad individual como una
condición indispensable para la creación y transmisión de información confiable y veraz que
contribuya al conocimiento de la realidad, y considera la idea de que la presencia de individuos
libres y bien informados fortalece un sistema democrático y enriquece la Infosfera. La idea
básica es que el ciudadano debería defender la democracia, porque este tipo de gobierno
pretende salvaguardar sus derechos fundamentales, como son el derecho a la vida, a la libertad,
a la seguridad, a la privacidad, a la libertad de opinión y de expresión, al libre acceso a la
información, etc., y este tipo de reconocimiento y defensa de derechos, difícilmente, ocurriría
en gobiernos autoritarios.
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Morris, I. M. « Burial and society at Athens, 1100-500 BC ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1985. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/273091.
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Сабадаш, Віктор Володимирович, Виктор Владимирович Сабадаш, Viktor Volodymyrovych Sabadash et O. V. Bespalov. « Information society ». Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2004. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/22928.
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Bridgford, Susan Deirdre. « Weapons, warfare and society in Britain, 1250-750 BC ». Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2001. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14462/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This research project was designed as a large scale detailed study of British swords and spearheads, of the period from approximately 1250-750BC. 202 small metallurgical samples and 4 large sword cross sections were examined metallographically. Chemical compositions were ascertained. Sections of 'sword edge' were prepared and impacted experimentally to reproduce combat damage and the results used to help assess the 499 swords and 485 spearheads, which were measured and examined visually. The results were analysed statistically according to regional and typological groupings. The distribution of manufacturing characteristics showed significant regional and typological variations and indicate a hierarchy of technical proficiency. Metallographic examinations also revealed a number of weapons which had been burnt. The compositional analyses showed metal being recycled and mixed, although alloys used were similar. Aspects of typological classification were quantified and regional patterns of distribution were assessed. Patterns of damage confirmed that that the majority of the weapons had probably been used in combat before deposition. There were significant regional and chronological differences in the proportions so used. Patterns of non-combat damage, breakage and depositional context showed that despite evident similarities some highly significant regional, chronological and typological differences existed. The weapons indicate that warfare was endemic but probably sporadic and low level. Communities appear to have exercised some form of social sanctioning over warriors, in part by incorporating weapons and the concept of war symbolically within their ceremonials. Deposition practices varied with time and locality but many do appear to have been ritual. There were also distinct regional and chronological traditions in the design, manufacturing and pre-depositional combat use of weapons. The evidence points to an escalation in long distance travel and exchange of goods and ideas, increasing contacts between regions, where people adapted the new to their own society.
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Welbourn, Michael. « Censors and society : the Roman censorship, 443-21 BC ». Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/49836/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The censorship was one of the Roman Republic's most significant magistracies. The range and importance of their duties – the census, the lectio senatus and recognitio equitum, letting public contracts and initiating public works, and the ceremony of the lustrum – meant that the office had a profound impact on Roman society. There is much modern scholarship on the censorship. But some of the arguments and conclusions put forward by earlier scholars, while valuable, need to be updated and certain misconceptions corrected. In particular, what is required is a greater focus on placing the censorship in its political and social context, into the political culture of the Roman Republic, in order to properly analyse the office, its wider function(s), and its influence on Roman society. At the same time, a careful consideration of what precisely the censors' duties involved and how each pair of censors carried these out is necessary. The present work hopes to address both aspects of this important magistracy. To that end, this thesis is divided into seven chapters. Five of which deal with the censors' individual responsibilities. Chapter 1 is a diachronic survey of the censorship across the whole period of its existence. It aims to highlight the development of the office over time and to ground the subsequent discussion of the magistracy in its proper chronological context. Chapter 2 highlights the infrastructure – assistants, schedule, records, headquarters etc – through which the censors were able to carry out their tasks. Chapter 3 is a study of the censors' most important task, the taking of the census, and its importance for the Roman community. Chapter 4 looks at the censors as guardians of the mos maiorum, and the activities through which this role was expressed. Chapter 5 investigates the censors' responsibility for letting public contracts of various kinds, and the impact this had on the Roman state and its economy. Chapter 6 focuses in more detail on the most significant and costly element of the censors' contracting duties – public works. It attempts to assess what contribution the censors made to the ever-changing face of the city of Rome, as compared to the other magistrates. Finally, Chapter 7 considers the lustrum, the sacred rite which closed each pair of censors' term in office. It asks both what the ceremony involved, and what its meaning and significance for the community might have been.
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Moore, James. « Landscape and society in Orkney during the first millennium BC ». Thesis, Open University, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.663229.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis explores the creation of embodied space and place in the landscapes of Orkney during the first millennium BC. This aims to address the persistent obsession with architectural evidence in Atlantic Scotland which has dominated research into the period, and has come at the expense of considerations of later prehistoric landscapes, particularly those of Orkney. Current approaches to the archaeology of past landscapes tend to be situated in one of two schools; one rooted in a 'muddy boots' approach to landscape archaeology which centres on the empirical collection and analysis of data; and a second more theoretically driven approach, which draws heavily on phenomenology to consider the ways in which people would have dwelt within past worlds. There has been little dialogue between practitioners of the respective approaches, and each camp has been heavily critiqued by scholars from the other. However there exists much shared ground between the two schools and it is proposed that within a theoretically driven research framework both quantitative and qualitative approaches to the landscape can be integrated more fully to illuminate the nature of the relationships between individuals and groups, and between people and the world during the later prehistoric period in Orkney and Atlantic Scotland. Such combination of techniques and approaches to the landscape also provides scope to consider the ways in which archaeologists collect, interpret and present data and study embodied archaeological landscapes
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Boucas, Dimitris. « Information society and the state : the Greek version of the information society paradigm ». Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2009. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2762/.
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The concept of the 'information society' has been systematically deployed to denote a new techno-socio-economic paradigm with information and communication technologies (ICTs) at the centre, which entails significant economic and social transformations and bears implications for governance and potential for development and quality of life. Departing from the deterministic view of information society as a set of uniform societal arrangements, the thesis examines its national variations, as they emerge from the interaction between ICTs and relevant policies with pre-existing social, political and economic realities. Drawing on a conceptual framework based on political economy and historical sociology, it proposes that the unfolding of any national information society is a contested process feeding on the historically formed relationship between the state and the national economy and society. This relationship is expected to inflect international policies and processes in quite idiosyncratic ways, leading to differentiated national information society trajectories, while the state is instrumental in articulating international policy directions with national societal arrangements. Identifying an empirical gap in the examination and analysis in semi-peripheral and middle-income countries, the thesis seeks to address evolving characteristics and dimensions of the 'Greek case' of information society, stressing the dialectic between European policy and the national socio-cultural, political and economic idiosyncrasies, the role of the Greek state, as well as the weaknesses encountered in the process. The emphasis is on the period 1998-2008, which includes the first comprehensive strategy and provides the opportunity to analyse preliminary results of the policies adopted. The empirical material includes relevant policy documents, quantitative indicators, personal observations, as well as a set of elite interviews with policymakers, ICT industry representatives and other actors involved in information society policies and processes.
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Jackson, Duncan. « Settlement and society in the Welsh Marches during the first millennium BC ». Thesis, Durham University, 1999. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1593/.
Texte intégralLivres sur le sujet "BC. Information in society"
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Gill, Karamjit S., dir. Information Society. London : Springer London, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3249-3.
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Commission of the European Communities., dir. The Information society. Luxembourg : Office for Official Publications of the European Community, 1996.
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Information society indicators. New York : United Nations, 2005.
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The information society. London : Aslib, 1988.
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Commission, Ireland Information Society. Information Society Ireland. Dublin : Stationery Office, 2000.
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Agency, Welsh Development, dir. Wales information society. Cardiff : Welsh Development Agency, 1999.
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Vivienne, Jupp, dir. Information Society Ireland. Dublin : Stationery Office, 1999.
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Shillinglaw, Noel. The information society. Craighall : Ad. Donker, 1988.
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Commission, Information Society. Information Society Ireland : First report of Ireland's Information Society Commission. Dublin : Stationery Office, 1997.
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Commission of the European Communities. Directorate-General of Information, dir. Information Society Directorate-General : Towards an information society for all. Luxembourg : Office for Official Documentations of the European Communities, 2003.
Trouver le texte intégralChapitres de livres sur le sujet "BC. Information in society"
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Mittal, Pankaj. « Creating Responsible and Engaged Students ». Dans The Promise of Higher Education, 197–203. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67245-4_30.
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AbstractSince 6 BC, when the first university of the world was established in Takshila in India, higher education in India has been integrating advanced knowledge and skills with larger social concerns. Apart from teaching and research, a prime concern of universities is to engage with the community and to contribute towards the development of society. Much emphasis is placed on the values of education by complementing curricular instruction for shaping future generations and enabling active engagement with society. The emphasis has been on holistic development of the student leading to complete realization and liberalization of oneself. To quote Swami Vivekananda, a well-known Indian scholar, “Education is not the amount of information that we put into your brain and runs riot there, undigested, all your life. We must have life-building, man-making, character-making assimilation of ideas. If you have assimilated five ideas and made them your life and character, you have more education than any man who has got by heart a whole library. If education is identical with information, the libraries are the greatest sages of the world and encyclopaedia are the greatest Rishis”.
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Bakels, Corrie C. « Towards a More Complex Society : 2650 BC–50 BC ». Dans The Western European Loess Belt, 99–155. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9840-6_7.
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Ennals, Richard. « Information Society ». Dans Work Life 2000 Yearbook 3, 218–25. London : Springer London, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0291-5_8.
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Ferguson, Martin. « Information Society ». Dans Handbook of Public Policy in Europe, 229–40. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230522756_21.
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Novak, Alison N. « Information Society ». Dans Encyclopedia of Big Data, 571–73. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32010-6_115.
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Novak, Alison N. « Information Society ». Dans Encyclopedia of Big Data, 1–2. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32001-4_115-1.
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Gill, Karamjit S. « Knowledge and the Post-industrial Society ». Dans Information Society, 3–29. London : Springer London, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3249-3_1.
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Levy, Paul. « The Role of Creativity in Post-Industrial Society : Exploring the implications of non-conventional technologies for work and management organisation ». Dans Information Society, 159–68. London : Springer London, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3249-3_10.
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Jansen, Arild. « The Global Information Society and Rural Economies ». Dans Information Society, 169–85. London : Springer London, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3249-3_11.
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Day, Peter. « Information Communication Technology and Society : A community-based approach ». Dans Information Society, 186–210. London : Springer London, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3249-3_12.
Texte intégralActes de conférences sur le sujet "BC. Information in society"
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Francisco, Alice Aparecida Rodrigues Ferreira, et Pedro Lopez. « EXERCISE AS AN ADJUVANT THERAPY FOR FATIGUE AND CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS IN BREAST CANCER PATIENTS : A REVIEW OF CURRENT EVIDENCE ». Dans XXIV Congresso Brasileiro de Mastologia. Mastology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942022v32s1032.
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Introduction: During primary breast cancer (BC) treatment, both systemic and local therapies are used to eliminate tumoral cells and reduce the risk of recurrence or disease progression. However, despite the efficacy and success of these treatments, most patients have their quality of life affected by some treatment-related side effects. Among them, fatigue and reductions in cardiorespiratory fitness are commonly observed in response to treatment toxicities during and even following primary treatment. To date, exercise has been considered an effective intervention to counteract these side effects. In the past few years, guidelines from the American Cancer Society, American College of Sports Medicine, and Exercise and Sport Science Australia were published highlighting the importance of being physically active before or after a cancer diagnosis. Recently, the Brazilian Clinical Oncology Society also started a new guideline in exercise and oncology. However, even with numerous studies demonstrating that exercise is effective, the relationship between its prescription variables and effects on these outcomes is unclear. Consequently, it is of great interest to understand the effects of different exercise modalities (e.g., resistance training, aerobic exercise or combined resistance, and aerobic exercise) and their effects on fatigue and cardiorespiratory fitness. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the effects and moderators of exercise on fatigue and cardiorespiratory fitness in women with BC. Methods: This is a narrative literature review concerning the exercise effects and moderators of exercise response on fatigue and cardiorespiratory fitness in women with BC. The search was undertaken in PubMed using the following terms: “cancer” AND “exercise” AND (“fatigue” OR “cardiorespiratory fitness”) in November 2021. Given the specificity of the topic and outcomes of interest, we selected seven systematic reviews with meta-analysis to describe the exercise effects and moderators of exercise response on fatigue and cardiorespiratory fitness in BC patients. Results: In summary, the design of supervised exercise programs could benefit women with BC. In addition, exercise could result in greater effects in patients presenting higher levels of fatigue when compared to those who do not present. Some examples of supervised exercise programs are in studies from the Supervised Trial of Aerobic Versus Resistance Training (START), Combined Aerobic and Resistance Exercise (CARE), and Optimal Training Women with BC trials (OptiTrain). These studies prescribed resistance training, aerobic exercise, and combined resistance and aerobic exercise, 2–3 exercise sessions per week, 1–3 sets of 8–12 repetitions at 60–70% of one-repetition maximum (1RM) per resistance exercise, and 20–30 min of continuous or high-intensity interval aerobic exercise at 13–15 of the rated perceived exertion (RPE) scale. Regarding the exercise program prescription, supervised, high-intensity, or nonlinear schedule aerobic exercises are also associated with greater effects on cardiorespiratory fitness. The fact that supervised exercise results in greater benefits in cardiorespiratory fitness compared to unsupervised programs (supervised exercise, ES=0.34, 95%CI 0.28–0.40; unsupervised exercise, ES=0.19, 95%CI 0.07–0.32) is an important information. Conclusion: Sufficient evidence indicates that exercise promotes significant effects on fatigue and cardiorespiratory fitness in women with BC. In addition, specific subgroups of patients based on age and baseline levels appear to respond more favorably than others. Regarding contraindications, the exercise prescription should occur accordingly to and with the clearance of the oncologist and the medical team, respecting patients’ individualities, the feasible period for exercise, symptoms, and treatment course.
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Francisco, Alice Aparecida Rodrigues Ferreira, Jader Brito Ramos dos Santos, Otávio Augusto Soares Machado, João Luiz Lopes de Moura et Karen Y. Wonders. « IMPLEMENTING AN EXERCISE ONCOLOGY PROGRAM FOR BREAST CANCER PATIENTS IN BRAZIL : THE MAPLE TREE CANCER ALLIANCE EXPERIENCE ». Dans XXIV Congresso Brasileiro de Mastologia. Mastology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942022v32s1045.
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Introduction: Breast cancer (BC) has already been extensively studied in the field of exercise oncology, with a 300% growth rate for publications in the past 12 years, after the American Society for Sports Medicine published the first roundtable for exercise in cancer survivors. However, even with numerous studies demonstrating effectiveness, there is a lack of information for health-care professionals, including breast surgeons and clinical oncologists, and also for patients and caregivers. Despite this, specialized programs and exercise professionals trained to support this population are rare, and it is not different in Brazil. Maple Tree Cancer Alliance (MTCA) is a nonprofit organization working with cancer patients since 2011 in the United States. In 2019, an international process was started, and the first unit outside the United States started operating in 2020 in Brazil. The exercise protocol developed by the MTCA includes resistance training and aerobic modalities, prescribed in a phase system, according to the kind of treatment the person is doing for cancer, and also according to cardiovascular fitness and previous experiences. Patients were followed for a period of 12–48 weeks, and assessments were done before starting, every 12 weeks. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the first-year experience for MTCA in Brazil, until December 2021. Methods: Every patient starting the MTCA program performs an initial assessment, to get information about the disease, treatment, cardiovascular fitness, and corporal measures. The assessments are repeated in a 12-week interval. Parameters like weight, body mass index (BMI), body weight (with bioimpedance), muscle strength, flexibility, cardiovascular fitness, and postural evaluation are scored and compared with previous analysis during the patient’s participation. Results: During the first year of operating in Brazil, the MTCA performed 107 physical assessments. Of these, 86 were BC patients, either during (chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or hormone therapy) or post-treatment (80.37%). In all, 20 patients did not continue the exercise program (23.25%), and there were 2 deaths (2.32% — all patients in this group started the program as metastatic BC). The mean age was 50.69 years old (26– 79 years old). We observed in the BC patients, as reported in the literature, higher rates of overweight and obesity: mean BMI was 28.57 kg/m2 (ranging from 19.1 to 47 kg/m2 ). Overweight and obese patients correspond to 75.6% according to the first assessment measure. Comparing initial assessment and the first reassessment, 40 patients have completed the first phase of MTCA training, 45% lost weight, 47.5% gained, and 7.5% were stable. The mean weight gain was 3.49 kg and the mean weight loss was 1.9 kg. Treatment phase was not considered in this observation. We also observed some resistance for health-care professionals in authorizing the participation in exercise for metastatic patients. It is important to score that the same benefits are seen in this group of patients, especially with regard to treatment side effects, and we already have a recently published guideline for exercise in bone metastasis scenery. Conclusion: Many challenges were faced in the first-year experience for MTCA in Brazil. Despite legal bureaucracy, engaging patients, clinicians, and breast surgeons in exercise oncology is certainly difficult, especially for metastatic patients. We could observe a high rate of BC patients and survivors in overweight and obesity, and with resistance to nutritional education and to change their life habits. It is important that health-care professionals encourage their patients to participate in exercise protocols, but also in nutritional education. Patient reports are unanimous for a better quality of life and less side effects after engaging in the exercise program. As an ongoing work, we hope to decrease the dropout rate and improve weight loss and also deliver the standard exercise program from MTCA to other cities in Brazil.
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DANCHUK, Viktor, Christian WEIß et Vitaliy SVATKO. « SMART LOGISTICS WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE CONCEPT OF CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEMS ». Dans Міжнародна наукова конференція «ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛЬНІ ТРАНСПОРТНІ СИСТЕМИ : ЕКОЛОГІЯ, БЕЗПЕКА, ЯКІСТЬ, КОМФОРТ». National Transport University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33744/978-966-632-318-0-2022-3-14-19.
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The most effective solution to the problems associated with accelerated motorization under modern conditions is the implementation of the concept of Smart Logistics, namely the development, implementation and application of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), where the effective use of modern intelligent technologies of the Internet of Things (IoT), blockchain (BC), Big Data (BD) and Artificial Intelligence (AI). However, fundamental and applied theoretical research on Smart Logistics today is largely fragmented, since it is carried out by scientists in different subject areas. These research activities are aimed at solving problems of practical application in various, at best related, sectors of the innovative development of society. Therefore, these scientists have a different vision of ways to improve the efficiency of functioning and development of Smart Logistic, which leads to the formation of different approaches. In addition, the use of intelligent information technologies for the effective organization, optimization and management of logistics processes for the implementation of freight and passenger transportation in real time with a large and variable workload of the automotive urban road network (URN) is episodic and imperfect. One of the important reasons for this is the lack of adequate methods for discrete optimization of routes with dynamic updates that take into account the real dynamics of traffic flows (TF) on sections of URN.
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Vaahedi, E., A. Y. Chang, S. Mokhtari, N. Muller et G. Irisarri. « A future application environment for BC Hydro's EMS ». Dans Proceedings of Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting. IEEE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pess.2001.970165.
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Belhadj Amor, Selma, Yossef Steinberg et Michele Wigger. « MAC-BC duality with linear-feedback schemes ». Dans 2014 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isit.2014.6875131.
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Qian, Wenbin. « Measurement of Bc mass and lifetime at LHCb ». Dans European Physical Society Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics. Trieste, Italy : Sissa Medialab, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.084.0072.
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Chen, Jinyuan, et Petros Elia. « Symmetric two-user MIMO BC with evolving feedback ». Dans 2014 Information Theory and Applications Workshop (ITA). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ita.2014.6804277.
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Inman, Kirk, et Humayun Zafar. « IR, DR and BC with wireless mesh networks ». Dans the 2012 Information Security Curriculum Development Conference. New York, New York, USA : ACM Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2390317.2390323.
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He, Jin, et Masoud Salehi. « Autonomic Coordinated Beamforming for Multi-user MIMO-BC ». Dans 2006 40th Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ciss.2006.286448.
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Yang, Yu, Liang Zhou, Hongbo Liu et Ajith Abraham. « Wiener odd and even indices on BC-Trees ». Dans 2013 Third World Congress on Information and Communication Technologies (WICT). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wict.2013.7113136.
Texte intégralRapports d'organisations sur le sujet "BC. Information in society"
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Kravchenko, A. I. Information technology in a global society. LJournal, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/d-2016-036.
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Aalto, Juha, et Ari Venäläinen, dir. Climate change and forest management affect forest fire risk in Fennoscandia. Finnish Meteorological Institute, juin 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361355.
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Forest and wildland fires are a natural part of ecosystems worldwide, but large fires in particular can cause societal, economic and ecological disruption. Fires are an important source of greenhouse gases and black carbon that can further amplify and accelerate climate change. In recent years, large forest fires in Sweden demonstrate that the issue should also be considered in other parts of Fennoscandia. This final report of the project “Forest fires in Fennoscandia under changing climate and forest cover (IBA ForestFires)” funded by the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland, synthesises current knowledge of the occurrence, monitoring, modelling and suppression of forest fires in Fennoscandia. The report also focuses on elaborating the role of forest fires as a source of black carbon (BC) emissions over the Arctic and discussing the importance of international collaboration in tackling forest fires. The report explains the factors regulating fire ignition, spread and intensity in Fennoscandian conditions. It highlights that the climate in Fennoscandia is characterised by large inter-annual variability, which is reflected in forest fire risk. Here, the majority of forest fires are caused by human activities such as careless handling of fire and ignitions related to forest harvesting. In addition to weather and climate, fuel characteristics in forests influence fire ignition, intensity and spread. In the report, long-term fire statistics are presented for Finland, Sweden and the Republic of Karelia. The statistics indicate that the amount of annually burnt forest has decreased in Fennoscandia. However, with the exception of recent large fires in Sweden, during the past 25 years the annually burnt area and number of fires have been fairly stable, which is mainly due to effective fire mitigation. Land surface models were used to investigate how climate change and forest management can influence forest fires in the future. The simulations were conducted using different regional climate models and greenhouse gas emission scenarios. Simulations, extending to 2100, indicate that forest fire risk is likely to increase over the coming decades. The report also highlights that globally, forest fires are a significant source of BC in the Arctic, having adverse health effects and further amplifying climate warming. However, simulations made using an atmospheric dispersion model indicate that the impact of forest fires in Fennoscandia on the environment and air quality is relatively minor and highly seasonal. Efficient forest fire mitigation requires the development of forest fire detection tools including satellites and drones, high spatial resolution modelling of fire risk and fire spreading that account for detailed terrain and weather information. Moreover, increasing the general preparedness and operational efficiency of firefighting is highly important. Forest fires are a large challenge requiring multidisciplinary research and close cooperation between the various administrative operators, e.g. rescue services, weather services, forest organisations and forest owners is required at both the national and international level.
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Papí Gálvez, Natalia, et Emilio Feliu García. Governmental promotion of the Information Society in the Spanish Region of Valencia. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social (RLCS), mars 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4185/rlcs-66-2011-933-274-291-en.
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Vasilenko, L. A. Sociology of nonequilibrium processes of formation of the information society : methodological approaches. Synergetic paradigm. Social Synergetic, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/vasilenko-1-10.
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White, John J. Retrospect of Information Technology's Impact on Society and Warfare : Revolution or Dangerous Hype ? Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, février 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada401374.
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Mizrach, Amos, Sydney L. Spahr, Ephraim Maltz, Michael R. Murphy, Zeev Schmilovitch, Jan E. Novakofski, Uri M. Peiper et al. Ultrasonic Body Condition Measurements for Computerized Dairy Management Systems. United States Department of Agriculture, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568109.bard.
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The body condition (BC) score is recognized in the dairy industry as an essential tool for managing the energy reserves of the dairy cow, which is essential for sustaining optimal and efficient production over several lactations. The current use of BC scoring depends on the accuracy of subjective visual estimates, and this limits its kusefulness as a management aid in the dairy industry. A measuring tool that would frequently provide objective data on the cow's body reserves would be a major contribution to efficient dairy herd management. Ultrasonic sensors have the potential to be developed into an efficient BC measuring device, and the experimental use of such sensors for subcutaneous fat thickness (SDFT) estimates, as an indication for BC in beef cattle, supports this assumption. The purposes of this project were: 1. To compare visual BC scoring and ultrasonic fat thickness with on-line automated body weight (BW) measurements as monitors of nutritional adequacy of dairy cows at various stages of lactation. 2. To determine the effects of variation in digestive fill in early and late lactation on the accuracy of body weight measurements in lactating cows. 3. To modify an existing ultrasonic system and develop a specialized, low-cost sensor for repeatable determination of body condition scores by users with minimal training and skill. 4. To develop a standard for the assignment of body condition scores based on ultrasonic measurements of subdermal fat thickness. The procedure to execute these objectives involved: 1. Frequent measurement of BW, milk yield (MY), BC (visually scored) and subdermal fat thickness ultrasonically measured of dairy cows, and data analysis on average and individual basis. 2. Testing and selection of an appropriate special-purpose sensor, finding an optimum body location for working an ultrasonic measurement, prcessing the signals obtained, and correlating the resulting measurements with performance responses in lactating cows. Linking the ultrasonic signals to BC scores, and developing a BC scoring data acquisition system are the first steps towards fulfilling the necessary requirements for incorporating this device into an existing dairy herd management system, in order to provide the industry with a powerful managment tool. From the results obtained we could conclude that: 1. BC does not correlate with BW changes during all stages of lactation, although in general terms it does. These results were confirmed by individual cow BW and BC data obtained during the course of lactation, that were supported by individual objective ultrasonic measurement of SDFT. 2. BW changes reflect energy metabolism reliably ony after peak milk yield; early in lactation, a decrease in BW expresses mobilization of body reserves only qualitatively, and not quantitatively. 3. Gastrointestinal content increases throughout the whole period during which dry matter intake (DMI) increases. The drastic increase very early in lactation prevents the use of BW changes as a basis for quantitative estimatio of energy meatabolism; at this stage of lactation, konly a BC score or any other direct measurements willl provide a quantitative estimate of energy metabolism. 4. Ultrasonic measurements of subdermal fat thickness can be used to quantify changes that correlate with the actual condition of the cow, as assessed by performance and the traditional way of scoring. 5. To find the best site on the cow's body at which to obtain responses to BC and its changes in the course of lactation, additional sites have to be examined. From the present study, it seems that the sites between ribs 12 and 13 have the potential for this purpose. 6. The use of templates made it easier to repeat measurements at a desired site and spot. However, the convenient easy-to-handle way to standardize the measurement, described in this study, koffers scope for improvement. 7. The RF peak values of the A-mode are better indicators of the location of fat layer borders than image analysis, from the point of view of future commercial development. 8. The distances between the RF peaks of the A-mode can be automatically measured by suitable software, for future commercial development. 9. Proper analysis of daily body weight and milk yield data can provide the necessary information on body condition changes during lactation, until a direct BC measurement device is developed. 10. In any case, at least one visual BC assessment has to be done, preferably immediately after calving, for calibration purposes.
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Broek, Emilie, Nicholas Olczak et Lisa Dellmuth. The Involvement of Civil Society Organizations in Arctic Governance. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, février 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/nkqm8574.
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The Arctic is faced with growing environmental and geopolitical challenges, which require international governance involving a range of actors. Existing research has a limited understanding of the role played by civil society organizations (CSOs) in the emerging governance of the region. This SIPRI Insights paper has reviewed the existing literature and used novel survey data to analyse the involvement of CSOs in terms of their roles and their beliefs in Arctic governance. It finds that CSOs monitor agreements and push for regional accountability, support the implementation of policies, engage in advocacy work, support information sharing and provide input during geopolitical crises. It also finds that CSOs have weak levels of belief in the legitimacy of Arctic governance institutions, or in the appropriateness and impact of their governance of the region. Based on these findings, the paper makes recommendations for the further involvement of CSOs in Arctic governance.
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Perdigão, Rui A. P. Beyond Quantum Security with Emerging Pathways in Information Physics and Complexity. Synergistic Manifolds, juin 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46337/220602.
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Information security and associated vulnerabilities have long been a pressing challenge, from the fundamental scientific backstage to the frontline across the most diverse sectors of society. At the tip of the iceberg of this problem, the citizens immediately feel that the reservation of privacy and the degradation of the quality and security of the information and communication on which they depend for the day-to-day activities, already of crucial relevance, are at stake. Naturally though, the challenges do not end there. There is a whole infrastructure for storing information, processing and communication, whose security and reliability depend on key sectors gearing modern society – such as emergency communication systems (medical, civil and environmental protection, among others), transportation and geographic information, the financial communications systems at the backbone of day-to-day transactions, the information and telecommunications systems in general. And crucially the entire defence ecosystem that in essence is a stalwart in preventing our civilisation to self-annihilate in full fulfilment of the second principle of thermodynamics. The relevance of the problem further encompasses the preservation of crucial values such as the right to information, security and integrity of democratic processes, internal administration, justice, defence and sovereignty, ranging from the well-being of the citizen to the security of the nation and beyond. In the present communication, we take a look at how to scientifically and technically empower society to address these challenges, with the hope and pragmatism enabled by our emerging pathways in information physics and complexity. Edging beyond classical and quantum frontiers and their vulnerabilities to unveil new principles, methodologies and technologies at the core of the next generation system dynamic intelligence and security. To illustrate the concepts and tools, rather than going down the road of engineered systems that we can ultimately control, we take aim at the bewildering complexity of nature, deciphering new secrets in the mathematical codex underlying its complex coevolutionary phenomena that so heavily impact our lives, and ultimately bringing out novel insights, methods and technologies that propel information physics and security beyond quantum frontiers.
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Douglas, K., et A. Podhorodeski. British Columbia coastal anchor marks. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331346.
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The marks left in the seabed by the commercial anchoring process can be seen as linear features in high-resolution multibeam bathymetry data. These features have been digitized to polylines for individual marks and polygons for anchor scour zones for British Columbia's (BC) commercial anchorages. They are made available via the Federal Geospatial Platform (FGP) for use in a Geographical Information System (GIS). This feature dataset is complete for published BC commercial anchorages and the multibeam bathymetry data available in 2021. It does not represent features produced since the collection of each multibeam bathymetry survey nor any features infilled since. The data are intended to be used for scientific research to better understand the cumulative impacts to the seabed from commercial anchoring at a 1:5000 scale or greater.
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Jefferson, Brian. Reviewing Information Technology, Surveillance, and Race in the US. Just Tech, Social Science Research Council, mai 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35650/jt.3033.d.2022.
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The past decade has been marked by a growing awareness of the potential harms of personal computing. This recent development was spurred by a surge of news reports, films, and studies on the unforeseen side effects of constantly using networked devices. As a result, the public has become increasingly aware of the cognitive, ideological, and psychological effects associated with the constant use of personal computing devices. Alongside these revelations, a growing chorus of activists, journalists, organizers, and scholars have turned attention to surveillance technology-related matters of a different kind—those related to the carceral state and border patrol. These efforts have sparked a shift in the public consciousness, from individual experiences of technology users to how technology is used to maintain social divisions. These studies show how the explosion of network devices not only changes society but also maintains longstanding divisions between social groups. This field review highlights key concepts and discussions on information technology, surveillance, carceral governance, and border patrol. Specifically, it explores the evolution of information communication technology and racial surveillance from the late nineteenth century until the present. The review concludes by exploring avenues for bringing these conversations into a transnational dialogue on surveillance, technology, and social inequality moving forward.