Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Banks Proximity »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Banks Proximity"
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Harrington, J. W. "Determinants of Bilateral Operations of Canadian and US Commercial Banks." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 24, no. 1 (1992): 137–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a240137.
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The size of parent bank has been found to be the chief determinant of commercial banks' foreign operations. A framework is developed for explaining this, as well as other aspects of the source, nature, host country, and subnational location of foreign-owned and foreign-affiliated bank offices. In the Canada-US context, the posited relationships are complicated by the two economies' proximity and intensive interaction, and by regulatory changes within and between the countries. The paper refers to published data and personal interviews to note the influence that proximity, ultimate ownership, and market segmentation have on banks' decisions to engage in correspondent relationships versus agencies, branches, or subsidiaries across the border. From the interviews and by using the hypothesized framework, the author also explores relationships between existing bank strengths and changes resulting from the bilateral Free Trade Agreement.
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Prashad, Anjali. "Regulatory Arbitrage and Presence of Foreign Banks: Evidence from the Indian Banking Sector." Global Journal of Emerging Market Economies 12, no. 3 (2020): 303–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974910120961571.
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Presence of a heterogeneous banking system across countries provides opportunities for cross-border banks to indulge in activities of regulatory arbitrage. This article attempts to investigate whether regulatory arbitrage induces the presence of foreign banks in India. Using relevant country-level data on various aspects of banking regulations, we conduct a series of panel regressions to examine the effect of cross-country gap in banking regulations on foreign banks’ presence in India. We find regulatory arbitrage as significantly determining foreign banks’ presence in India, after controlling for other factors (income level of home country, bilateral economic relationship, colonial and linguistic commonality, and geographic proximity).
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Van der Westhuizen, Gerhardus. "Bank Productivity And Sources Of Efficiency Change: A Case Of The Four Largest Banks In South Africa." International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 12, no. 2 (2013): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v12i2.7625.
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The Malmquist productivity index was utilised to estimate the total factor productivity and productivity change of the four largest banks in South Africa for the period 1994 to 2010. Total factor productivity change can be decomposed into efficiency change and technological change, which allow for determining the sources of total factor productivity change. Various changes in the South African banking scene impacted on the average productivity of the banks. The four banks experienced, on average, regress in total factor productivity as well as regress in technological change, the latter indicating a lack of innovation. The four banks operated, on average, in the proximity of fully technical efficiency. For various reasons, South Africa still has a large unbanked community.
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Pulumo, Salminah, and Leroi Raputsoane. "The accuracy of professional forecasts and monetary policy in an emerging country." Journal of Governance and Regulation 5, no. 4 (2016): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgr_v5_i4_p5.
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This paper analyses the accuracy of professional forecasts of monetary policy interest rate decisions in South Africa since 2008. This is achieved by examining the dissimilarity between the professional forecasts of monetary policy stance and the realised monetary policy interest rate on the basis of proximity, temporal structure and sensitivity to forecast horizon. The results show that the forecasts of South African insurance companies and international banks are closest to the realised monetary policy interest rate on average based on proximity, while the forecasts of South African banks and interest groups are closest to the realised monetary policy interest rate based on temporal structure. The results finally show deterioration of the professional forecasts the further away the forecast horizon and that the heterogeneity in forecast accuracy neither emanates from the country of primary listing nor primary business of the professional forecasts groups.
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Benning, Joseph F. "Following the Dirty Money: Does Bank Reporting of Suspicious Activity Pose a Threat to Drug Dealers?" Criminal Justice Policy Review 13, no. 4 (2002): 337–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/088740302237803.
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This article examines implementation of newregulations designed to suppress, detect, and prosecute money laundering. The new regulations require banks to report suspicions of client money laundering to the federal government. Previously, banks were simply required to report all cash transactions greater than $10,000. This article explores the new regime’s likely efficacy using ordinary least squares regression to test the significance of narcotics trafficking on state-level variation in bank suspicious activity reports, controlling for the general level of crime, economic indicators, population variables, and proximity to drug-smuggling routes. Narcotics trafficking activity and proximity to smuggling routes each predict significant increases in suspicious activity reports, which suggests an identifiable spatial link between narcotics trafficking and dirty money bank accounts. This suggests that following the dirty money trail may present authorities with a means to prosecute money laundering cases against drug dealers who are the beneficial owners of such accounts.
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Malini, Helma. "Sharia Banks Integration and Diversification in Asian and Middle East Countries." SRIWIJAYA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DYNAMIC ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS 3, no. 4 (2020): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.29259/sijdeb.v3i4.315-328.
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The growth of Sharia Banking in Indonesia shows that Sharia banking in Indonesia is not only an international hub for Sharia banking in other regions but also as a place for investors to diversify investment portfolios other than conventional banking. The certainty of Sharia banking in term of stability makes Sharia Banking in Indonesia connected to one another. However, opportunities for portfolio diversification to Sharia banks in this case; Indonesia, Malaysia, India, Qatar, Bahrain and Japan are in questioned on whether there is integration between Sharia banking in those region and whether there is a possibility of Diversification of Sharia banking Portfolios in the region. In this manner the study is analysed on 25 banks’ data across selected countries. In the present study, ROA (Return on Assets) and ROE (Return on Equity) are used as measure of performance of diversification of banks. The number of credits and the amount of credits that Sharia banks let borrowers’ use are employed as control variables. According to the result of the analysis showed Indonesia Sharia banks Integration with another Sharia banks in selected countries are varied based the geographical proximity and bilateral trading relation with selected countries.
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Mulyatna, Lili, Yonik Meilawati Yustiani, Reyhan Reiyana Andisa, Raja Faisal Ramadhan, and Diny Hidayanti. "SUSTAINABILITY ANALYSIS OF THE APPLICATION OF WASTE BANK IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL WITH A MULTIDIMENSIONAL SCALING APPROACH." Volume 5 No. 2 September 2021 5, no. 2 (2021): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.23969/jcbeem.v5i2.4535.
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Waste banks are one of the waste management that have the potential to reduce the burden of waste in the final processing site. Until now, there is a large amount of waste banks to accommodate waste from the surrounding environment. Bandung, as a city that experienced a waste emergency in 2005, has encouraged its citizens to operate waste banks, both school scale, neighborhood and for a larger scope. Bandung City Government also cooperates with several waste banks to conduct several programs with the aim to increase public awareness of environmental cleanliness. Waste banks that have been built mostly do not come with good management, so some waste banks only feasible in a short time. The purpose of this study is to obtain a waste bank management model based on existing conditions using the Multidimensional Scaling Method. This method exploring data provides a visual picture of the proximity patterns in the form of similarities or distances between a set of objects. This method will be useful for the formulation of waste bank sustainability recommendations in its marketing strategy and diversification of its business without reducing the essence of waste banks as part of environmental management. The representation of the waste bank that was used as the object of the study was the Raafi Elementary School Waste Bank. Data processing uses Rapfish/Rap-Bash software with multidimensional scale methods. Data processing results are used to formulate the sustainability strategy of waste banks.
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Adams, Robert M., Kenneth P. Brevoort, and John C. Driscoll. "Is Lending Distance Really Changing? Distance Dynamics and Loan Composition in Small Business Lending." Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2021, no. 009 (2021): 1–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17016/feds.2021.011.
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Has information technology improved small businesses' access to credit by hardening the information used in loan underwriting and reducing the importance of proximity to lenders? Previous research, pointing to increasing average lending distances, suggests that it has. But this conclusion can obscure differences across loans and lenders. Using over 20 years of Community Reinvestment Act data on small business lending, we find that while average distances have increased substantially, distances at individual banks remain unchanged. Instead, average distance has increased because a small group of lenders specializing in high-volume, small-loan lending nationwide have increased their share of small business lending by 10 percentage points. Our findings imply that small businesses continue to depend on local banks.
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Datlof, Erin M., Anthony S. Amend, Kamala Earl, et al. "Uncovering unseen fungal diversity from plant DNA banks." PeerJ 5 (August 28, 2017): e3730. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3730.
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Throughout the world DNA banks are used as storage repositories for genetic diversity of organisms ranging from plants to insects to mammals. Designed to preserve the genetic information for organisms of interest, these banks also indirectly preserve organisms’ associated microbiomes, including fungi associated with plant tissues. Studies of fungal biodiversity lag far behind those of macroorganisms, such as plants, and estimates of global fungal richness are still widely debated. Utilizing previously collected specimens to study patterns of fungal diversity could significantly increase our understanding of overall patterns of biodiversity from snapshots in time. Here, we investigated the fungi inhabiting the phylloplane among species of the endemic Hawaiian plant genus, Clermontia (Campanulaceae). Utilizing next generation DNA amplicon sequencing, we uncovered approximately 1,780 fungal operational taxonomic units from just 20 DNA bank samples collected throughout the main Hawaiian Islands. Using these historical samples, we tested the macroecological pattern of decreasing community similarity with decreasing geographic proximity. We found a significant distance decay pattern among Clermontia associated fungal communities. This study provides the first insights into elucidating patterns of microbial diversity through the use of DNA bank repository samples.
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Di Battista, Maria Luisa, Laura Nieri, Marina Resta, and Alessandra Tanda. "Does Board Collective Suitability Affect Performance and Risk? Evidence from European Banks." International Journal of Economics and Finance 14, no. 2 (2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v14n2p1.
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This paper analyzes the features of the boards of large listed European banks and their degree of “collective suitability” as formalized by the Capital Requirements Directives (CRD4) and evaluates whether closer proximity to the collective suitability regulatory paradigm affects banks’ performance, risk and risk-adjusted performance. We leverage Self-Organizing Maps (SOMs) to analyze board features and suitability (i.e. competence, diversity, independence and time commitment) jointly as a multifaceted, non-linear combination of all board variables, rather than evaluating the single variables individually as in the mainstream literature. Using a hand-collected dataset based on numerous features of boards of directors, we find that European banks’ boards can be classified in four different board archetypes characterized by different degrees of collective suitability. Our findings also suggest positive relationships between the degree of collective suitability and performance, risk-adjusted performance, and risk, confirming that the regulatory provisions on governance are going in the right direction, enhancing effective and prudent management.
Thèses sur le sujet "Banks Proximity"
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Le, Foll Sébastien. "Banque de réseau coopérative et relations de proximité : le cas du Crédit Mutuel de Bretagne." Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0099/document.
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Confrontés depuis plusieurs années à des mutations à la fois sociétales, technologiques, concurrentielles et juridiques, les établissements bancaires se voient dans la nécessité de revoir tant la stratégie d’implantation de leurs réseaux d’agences que le modèle de l’agence lui-même. Les banques coopératives sont particulièrement concernées par ce défi en ceci qu’elles ont construit leur modèle organisationnel sur un vaste réseau de caisses locales profondément enraciné dans les territoires. Touchées par un phénomène de banalisation résultant de l’hybridation progressive de leur modèle, elles aspirent aujourd’hui à reconquérir leur identité en inscrivant les sociétaires au coeur d’une relation bancaire articulant ancrage territorial et modernité. Nous nous interrogeons dès lors sur les déterminants de cette nouvelle relation de proximité en contexte bancaire coopératif. Pour ce faire, nous nous appuyons sur un cadre théorique articulé autour des théories de la proximité que nous confrontons à la réalité du terrain. Notre recherche nous amène à rencontrer des parties prenantes appartenant à la sphère locale (sociétaires, chargés de clientèle, administrateurs, directeurs de caisses) et au noyau stratégique (secrétaire général). Les résultats sont par ailleurs issus de l’analyse statistique d’un questionnaire administré à 982 jeunes sociétaires du Crédit Mutuel de Bretagne. Nous en venons finalement à défendre la thèse selon laquelle la complexification des attributs de la proximité doit amener le management à réinventer les relations entre les sociétaires et la banque de réseau traditionnelle tout en veillant à ne pas s’enfermer dans une logique d’isomorphisme institutionnel qui semble pourtant être déjà bien amorcée<br>Facing for several years with societal, technological, competitive and legal mutations, banking institutions see the need to review both the strategy of their retail bank network implantation and the model of the branch itself. Cooperative banks are particularly concerned by this challenge in that they have built their organizational model on a vast network of local agencies deeply rooted in the territories. Affected by a phenomenon of banalization resulting from the progressive hybridization of their model, they aspire today to regain their identity by inscribing their members at the heart of a banking relationship centered on territorial anchoring and modernity. We are therefore pondering about the determinants of this new proximity relationship in a cooperative banking context. To do this, we rely on a theoretical framework articulated around the theories of proximity that we confront with the actual situation. Our research has brought us to meet stakeholders in the local sphere (members, collaborators, administrators and branches managers) and the strategic core (general secretary). The results are also derived from the statistical analysis of a questionnaire survey carried out among 982 young members of Crédit Mutuel de Bretagne. Finally, we argue that the complexity of the attributes of proximity must lead management to reinvent the relations between members and the traditional retail bank, while ensuring that they don’t lock themselves into an institutional isomorphism which seems to be already well underway
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Ho, Cynthia Sin Tian. "Bank branches and Entrepreneurship : A spatial analysis of new firm formation in Swedish regions and industries in a changing financial landscape." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Bank och finans, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-259725.
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The purpose of this thesis is to analyse how bank branch closure has affected the formation of new firms and to explore the varying local relationships between the accessibility of bank branches and new firm formation in 290 Swedish municipalities. In the first paper, the effect of bank branch closure is examined through spatial econometric analysis, in particular, the fixed effects and the random effects spatial panel models. The findings of the first paper show that an increase in the weighted distance to the nearest bank branches due to bank branch closure negatively affects new firm formation, based on the random effects spatial panel model. The analysis also shows that spatial effects should be included in the analysis due to spill-over effects from neighbouring municipalities. In the second paper, the varying relationships between new firm formation and its determinants in 290 Swedish municipalities are examined through Geographically weighted regression (GWR). Mostly positive relationships with new firm formation are shown for firm density, human capital level, industry diversification level and percentage of immigrants living in the area. In contrast, mostly negative relationships are shown for weighted mean distance to the nearest bank branches, establishment size, unemployment rate, industry specialization. Spatially constrained multivariate clustering is also applied to group municipalities with similar conditions. Patterns in the industry composition and the location attributes are analysed for each cluster.<br>Syftet med denna avhandling är att analysera hur nedläggningen av bankkontorpåverkar frekvensen av nystartade företag och undersöker sambandet mellannystartsfrekvens och avståndet till närmaste bankkontor i Sveriges 290 kommuner.I avhandlingens första artikel studeras effekten av kontorsnedläggelse genom enrumslig ekonometrisk analys och rumsliga panel modeller. Resultaten visar att enökning av avståndet till närmaste bankkontor har en negativ påverkan pånyföretagandet. Vidare ger analysen vid handen att spatiala effekter bör inkluderasi analysen då det förekommer spill-over effekter från närliggande kommuner. Iavhandlingens andra artikel undersöks hur frekvensen av nystartade företag iSveriges 290 kommuner påverkas av ett antal olika faktorer, med hjälp av engeografiskt viktad regressionsmodell. Analysen visar att antalet befintliga företag,humankapital, näringslivets diversifiering, samt andelen invandrare, har ett positivtsamband med nystartsfrekvensen. Däremot finns det ett negativt samband mellannystartsfrekvens och avståndet till närmaste bankkontor, storleken bland debefintliga företagen, arbetslöshet och näringslivets specialisering. En multivariatklusteranalys har också genomförts där kommunerna fördelats över kluster medliknande egenskaper, där de ingående kommunerna har liknande förutsättningaroch strukturer.<br><p>QC 20190923</p>
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Duplaà, Céline. "Compétences et technologies de l'information et de la communication dans un contexte hypermoderne : le cas des managers de proximité d'une banque régionale." Thesis, Perpignan, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PERP0014.
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Les usages des Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication (TIC) croissent et sediversifient dans tous les pans de la société. Dans les organisations, ce phénomène, qualifié detransformation numérique, se matérialise notamment par une remise en question permanente deleurs processus et nécessite une adaptation continuelle des compétences des acteursorganisationnels. Le secteur bancaire se caractérise par l’urgence, l’instantanéité et lamultiplication des sollicitations favorisées par les TIC, correspondant à des caractéristiques del’hypermodernité. Cette recherche contribue à l’exploration, sur le terrain, d’un phénomène peuétudié : les compétences des managers de proximité, fonction organisationnelle charnière enrapport direct avec des collaborateurs, le top management et des clients. Le développement decompétences de ces acteurs est particulièrement marqué par les usages des TIC, et plusglobalement, par le contexte hypermoderne. Afin d’explorer cette problématique, nousmobilisons des théories relatives aux compétences classiques et liées aux usages des TIC ainsique la dualité structurelle de la théorie de la structuration (Giddens, 1987) permettant l’étuded’interrelations complexes entre des structures, des acteurs et leurs pratiques.Une démarche exploratoire déployant une méthodologie qualitative, concrétisée par unerecherche-action abductive, a été réalisée à travers l’étude du cas de la Banque Populaire duSud, banque régionale mutualiste. Une approche multi-acteurs dans le cadre de cette étudeimmersive a permis la triangulation de 165 entretiens ouverts, 32 heures d’observations et 20entretiens semi-directifs avec des managers de proximité.De cette méthodologie résulte l’émergence de 6 différentes typologies de compétences que lesmanagers de proximité mettent en oeuvre, à travers 49 compétences. La discussion a mis enlumière non seulement l’importance des TIC au sein d’un environnement en évolutionperpétuelle mais aussi la cohabitation de caractéristiques hypermodernes avec d’autres, prônantau contraire le ralentissement, rattachables au slow management. Les compétences déceléesainsi que des situations jugées critiques par les managers de proximité rencontrés ont abouti àl’élaboration de 31 préconisations managériales applicables<br>The uses of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) are growing and diversifyingin all parts of the society. In organizations, this phenomenon, known as digital transformation,materializes in particular by a permanent questioning of their processes and requires a continualadaptation of the skills of organizational actors. The banking sector is characterized by urgency,immediacy and the multiplication of solicitations favored by ICT, corresponding to thecharacteristics of hypermodernity. This research contributes to the exploration, in the field, ofa little studied phenomenon: the skills of local managers, a pivotal organizational function indirect contact with employees, top management and customers. The skills development of theseactors is particularly marked by the uses of ICTs, and more generally, by the hypermoderncontext. In order to explore this problematic, we mobilize theories relating to classical skillsand related to the uses of ICT as well as the structural duality of the structuration theory(Giddens, 1987) allowing the study of complex interrelationships between structures, actorsand their practices.An exploratory approach deploying a qualitative methodology, concretized by abductive actionresearch, was carried out through the study of the case of Banque Populaire du Sud, regionalmutual bank. A multi-stakeholder approach in the context of this immersive study enabled thetriangulation of 165 open interviews, 32 hours of observations and 20 semi-structuredinterviews with local managers.This methodology results in the emergence of 6 different typologies of skills that local managersimplement, through 49 skills. The discussion highlighted not only the importance of ICT in aconstantly changing environment but also the coexistence of hypermodern characteristics withothers, advocating on the contrary the slowdown, related to slow management. The skillsdetected as well as situations deemed critical by the proximity managers met led to thedevelopment of 31 applicable managerial recommendations
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Grilo, Marcus. "Antenas têxteis de micro-ondas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3140/tde-07032017-151327/.
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Neste trabalho, foram desenvolvidas antenas têxteis de micro-ondas para aplicação em sistemas vestíveis, operando nas bandas ISM de 2,45 GHz e 5,8 GHz. Foram compiladas informações sobre o estado da arte em antenas têxteis, sendo realizado um estudo sobre antenas planares de micro-ondas e técnicas de alimentação das mesmas. Foi feita uma prospecção dos processos de fabricação de antenas têxteis de micro-ondas, definindo-se o processo e materiais têxteis usados na construção das antenas desenvolvidas. Procedeu-se à caracterização do tecido usado como substrato das antenas determinando-se suas características eletromagnéticas, utilizadas no projeto das antenas. Foram desenvolvidas antenas de microfita com plaqueta retangular e alimentação por sonda coaxial, para banda ISM de 2,45 GHz. Investigou-se o efeito da espessura do substrato da antena, tendo-se obtido experimentalmente larguras de banda de 4,8% e 6,0% para substratos com 0,7 mm e 1,4 mm de espessura, respectivamente. Foi proposta uma antena de microfita alimentada via acoplamento por proximidade que integra um transformador de um quarto de comprimento de onda ao circuito de alimentação, resultando em alargamento de banda da antena. Essa configuração foi utilizada no projeto de quatro antenas, que demonstraram experimentalmente larguras de banda de 11,2%, 13,4%, 17,0% e 24,0%. Uma configuração de antena têxtil empregando cavidade de um quarto de modo foi proposta para operação em banda dupla, sendo a tecnologia de guia de ondas integrado ao substrato - SIW, empregada em sua fabricação. Foi desenvolvido um procedimento de projeto para essa antena, o qual foi aplicado ao projeto de uma antena de banda dupla para as faixas ISM e 2,45 GHz e 5,8 GHz. Os resultados experimentais demostraram operação em banda dupla, com largura da banda inferior de 9,3%, e largura da banda superior de 9,2%. A antena de cavidade de quarto de modo apresentou as vantagens de maior ganho e menores dimensões relativamente às antenas têxteis de microfita desenvolvidas. De forma geral, os resultados experimentais dos protótipos construídos apresentaram boa concordância com os resultados fornecidos por simulação, demonstrando que as configurações de antenas propostas atenderam a seus objetivos, e a efetividade dos procedimentos de projeto adotado.<br>In this work, textile microwave antennas for use in wearable systems operating at 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz ISM bands were developed. Information on the state of art in textile antennas were compiled, and a study on microwave planar antennas and feeding techniques was performed. Processes for manufacturing textile microwave antennas were presented, and the fabrication process and textile materials used in this work were defined. The electromagnetic characteristics of the fabric used as antenna substrate were experimentally obtained, and used in the antenna design. Microstrip antennas using rectangular patch and coaxial probe feed were designed to operate at the 2.45 GHz ISM band. The effect of the antenna substrate thickness on the antenna characteristics was investigated, and experimental bandwidths of 4,8% and 6% were demonstrated for antennas with 0.7 mm and 1.4 mm thick substrates, respectively. A microstrip antenna fed by proximity coupling, including a quarter wavelength transformer at the feeding circuit, was proposed, resulting in the widening of the antenna bandwidth. This configuration was used to design four antennas, which experimentally demonstrated bandwidths of 11.2%, 13.4%, 17.0% and 24.0%. A textile antenna configuration employing a fourth mode cavity was proposed for dual band operation. Substrate integrated waveguide technology - SIW, was used for the antenna manufacturing. A design procedure was developed for this antenna, which has been applied to the design of a dual band antenna for the 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz ISM bands. The experimental results of this antenna demonstrated dual band operation, with 9.3% bandwidth at the lower band and 9.2% bandwidth at the higher band. The quarter mode cavity antenna presented the advantages of increased gain and smaller area than the designed textile microstrip antennas. In general, the experimental results of the fabricated prototypes exhibited good agreement with the results provided by simulation, demonstrating that the textile antenna configurations proposed met their expected performance and validating the design procedures adopted.
Livres sur le sujet "Banks Proximity"
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Bender, Marko. Spatial Proximity in Venture Capital Financing: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis of Germany. Gabler Verlag / Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, Wiesbaden, 2011.
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Amico, Stephen. Corporeal Intentions. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038273.003.0004.
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This chapter explores how male homosexuality is suggested via the presentation of the sexualized male body as object of the gaze—an objectifying gaze placing the male in the position of the “feminine.” It looks at the efflorescence of images of male physical beauty in the musical discourses of numerous singers and bands in the first two decades of the twenty-first century in Russia and how these images were conflated with homosexuality or homoeroticism. To this end, the chapter examines instances of the male body's foregrounding in the work of Andrei Danilko, the groups Hi-Fi and Smash!!, and singer Dima Bilan (focusing on his appearances at the Eurovision Song Contest). It highlights not only the variable of the body's visibility (and, concomitantly, questions of power), but also the interrelated and phenomenologically inflected dynamics of intentionality, proximity, and orientation. It shows that visible male bodies, invoking the possibility of the homosexual, provide a sight/site for Russian gay men and also serve the goluboi.
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Barrett, Christopher B., and Erin C. Lentz. Food Insecurity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.438.
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Food plays an essential role in performance and well-being. Apart from its physiological necessity, food is also a source of pleasure. Since both biological needs for food and psychic satisfaction from food vary considerably among and within populations, coming up with precise, operationalizable measures of food security have proved problematic. Furthermore, the concept of food security encompasses not only current nutritional status but also vulnerability to future disruptions in one’s access to adequate and appropriate food. The complexity of the concept of food security has given rise to scores, if not hundreds, of different definitions of the term “food security.” As a result, there have also been variations in thinking about the proximate manifestations and direct and indirect causes and consequences of “food insecurity,” the complement to “food security.” Food security is commonly conceptualized as resting on three pillars that are inherently hierarchical: availability, access, and utilization. Some agencies, such as the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), have added a fourth dimension: stability. Food insecurity is often used interchangeably with the terms “hunger,” “undernutrition,” and “malnutrition.” Threats to food insecurity may be classified as either “covariate” or “idiosyncratic.” Based on these threats, various interventions have been implemented to promote food security by means of increasing availability (improving agricultural productivity), promoting access (economic growth and assistance programs such as food stamps or vouchers, food aid delivery, food banks, school lunch programs), or improving utilization (supplementary feeding programs, therapeutic feeding programs).
Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Banks Proximity"
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Gorlier, Tiphaine, Géraldine Michel, and Valérie Zeitoun. "The New Paradigm of Digital Proximity for Cooperative Banks." In New Cooperative Banking in Europe. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93578-2_7.
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Veg-Sala, Nathalie, Valérie Zeitoun, and Géraldine Michel. "How Do Cooperative Banks Build Their Own Proximity Type in the Social Media." In Contemporary Trends in European Cooperative Banking. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98194-5_11.
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Liu, H., C. Shao, N. Ma, and X. C. Gu. "Ship Course Planning and Course Keeping in Close Proximity to Banks Based on Optimal Control Theory." In Marine Navigation. CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315099132-8.
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Urbansky, Sören. "Conclusion." In Beyond the Steppe Frontier. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691181684.003.0010.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This concluding chapter reveals that, despite a proliferation of cross-border human mobility in the post-Cold War era that largely stems from tourism and trade (and is not to be confused with immigration) there continues to be a considerable indifference and prejudice on both sides. Even today not every visitor and border resident commutes freely back and forth between the two Argun banks, as the Cossacks and nomads did one hundred years ago. Absent an economic interest and still suspicious about the alien neighbor, many people would simply rather stay at home. The psychological alienation on a personal level, regardless of the close physical proximity, derives from decades of military confrontation, population exchange, and two very different systems of values and beliefs formed in the schools and by the media of two closed but very distinct countries. These legacies will have a lasting impact on the future of the border region, no matter how diplomatic relations, bilateral trade balances, or border management policies between China and Russia develop in the years to come.
5
Phienwej, Noppadol, and Prinya Nutalaya. "Subsidence and Flooding in Bangkok." In The Physical Geography of Southeast Asia. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199248025.003.0033.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Bangkok, the capital of Thailand, is situated on flat, low land in the southern part of the Central Plain, one of the main physical units of the country. Through the heart of the city, the Chao Phraya flows from the north and discharges into the Gulf of Thailand, 25 km south of the city centre. The city was founded in 1782, and in its early years numerous klongs (canals) were dug for transportation and defence uses. These canals became corridors of early development, and banks were lined with houses, shop-houses, and temples, etc. With the beauty of its waterway landscape, Bangkok was once dubbed the Venice of the East. Unfortunately, such a resemblance no longer exists as most of the canals have been backfilled to make room for road construction in recent urbanization. The Bangkok metropolis, which at present has a population in excess of 10 million, has expanded rapidly on both banks of the river since 1950. It has encroached into surrounding provinces, covering an area of approximately 60 × 70 km. Owing to its flat topography and close proximity to the sea, flooding threatens the city annually. Modern urbanization has resulted in the drastic destruction or blockage of natural drainage paths, increasing the flood risk to the city. Severe land subsidence from excessive groundwater extraction since the 1960s has intensified the flood risk, as well as creating numerous foundation problems. At present the land surface in some areas is already below mean sea level. The city now has to rely on a flood protection system to prevent inundation. However, its effectiveness is only temporary because land subsidence has not yet ceased. The Central Plain is formed by the Chao Phraya River, the largest in the country. The river basin stretches from the Northern Highland to the Central Plain and covers about one-third of the country (514 000 km2). The Central Plain can be divided into the Upper and Lower Central Plains. The former extends from Tak to Nakhon Sawan Provinces. Four main rivers, namely, the Ping, the Wang, the Yom, and the Nan, which originate in the Northern Highland, traverse the plain and join together at Nakhon Sawan, 240 km north of Bangkok, to form the Chao Phraya River.
6
"Biology and Management of Dogfish Sharks." In Biology and Management of Dogfish Sharks, edited by Roger A. Rulifson and Tina M. Moore. American Fisheries Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874073.ch12.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract.—Little information is available about the coastal distribution of spiny dogfish <em>Squalus acanthias </em>south of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, and whether these fish are an extension of the population that overwinters in continental shelf waters off the North Carolina Outer Banks north of Cape Hatteras, or a separate population that remains south of Cape Hatteras. A coastal roaming survey was conducted in February and March 1999 from south of Cape Hatteras to the South Carolina state line to estimate the number of dogfish in coastal waters. Fish aggregations were located by sonar, and a commercial-grade sink gill net of seven different mesh sizes was deployed in waters to assess whether the aggregations were dogfish. Six large dogfish aggregations were located in shallow (10–16 m) coastal waters of Raleigh Bay, Onslow Bay, and Long Bay, covering an estimated surface area of about 66,922 ha. Two additional sets marked by sonar were not dogfish aggregations. No dogfish were caught in exploratory deepwater sets (46–55 m). Using a sensitivity analysis, total population size of all aggregations was estimated at 1.102 to 2.223 million individuals or 2.470 to 4.984 million kg. The sex ratio was 27.1:1 females to males. Aggregations were located near the bottom at a temperature range of 10.4°C to 15.7°C. Temperatures varied little vertically through the water column; laterally temperatures varied by less than 1°C for five of six aggregations. The largest aggregation, in Raleigh Bay, was exposed to the greatest spatial variability in temperature (3.6°C across 15,135 ha). This is perhaps a result of its proximity to the Gulf Stream at this time of year. We believe that dogfish south of Cape Hatteras during the winter are a small portion, probably less than 1%, of the U.S. migratory stock.
7
Beunza, Daniel. "Conclusion." In Taking the Floor. Princeton University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691162812.003.0013.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This concluding chapter brings together the emerging themes of the book into an overarching framework. It considers integration, organizational norms, judgment, moral disengagement, and the breakup of Wall Street banks. The chapter proposes the concept of proximate control, a hands-on approach to management that stands in contrast to what governmentality scholars such as Peter Miller and Nikolas Rose have called “government at a distance.” Proximate control calls for better supervision of quantitative traders by resisting the temptation to evaluate those employees using models. It entails a combination of the social and the technological, such as preserving face-to-face interaction on the trading floor, the use of personal evaluation of quantitative results, or the qualitative judgment of financial calculations.
8
Boon, Andrea J. "Neuromuscular Ultrasound in the EMG Laboratory." In Clinical Neurophysiology, 5th ed., edited by Devon I. Rubin. Oxford University PressNew York, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190067854.003.0037.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract Neuromuscular ultrasound is a rapidly evolving imaging field that is an ideal diagnostic adjunct to clinical neurophysiology. Where electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies (NCSs) can demonstrate the pathophysiology of a lesion, ultrasound can often determine the underlying cause. Ultrasound is noninvasive, safe, portable, and relatively inexpensive compared to magnetic resonance imaging. High-definition imaging of nerves and muscles allows the electrodiagnostician to identify causes of entrapment, such as cysts, fascial bands, tumors, sites of multifocal or uniform nerve enlargement in more generalized polyneuropathies, and changes in muscle echotexture associated with fibrous or fatty replacement of muscle fibers seen in dystrophies, inflammatory myopathies, and denervation. Ultrasound guidance can enhance the accuracy and safety of NCSs and needle EMG in certain situations, such as obesity, altered anatomy, anticoagulation, or when testing in close proximity to vital structures such as the lung or large blood vessels.
9
Rock, Michael T., and David P. Angel. "East Asia’s Sustainability Challenge." In Industrial Transformation in the Developing World. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199270040.003.0009.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Since the 1960s, developing Asia has been going through a historically unprecedented process of urbanization and industrialization. This process, which began in East Asia with Japan after World War II (Johnson 1982), then spread first to Korea (Amsden 1989; Rock 1992; Westphal 1978), Taiwan Province of China (Wade 1990), Hong Kong, China (Haggard 1990), and Singapore (Huff 1999) and subsequently to Indonesia (Hill 1996), Malaysia (Jomo 2001), Thailand (Pongpaichit 1980; Rock 1994), and China has spawned enormous interest. While most of the debate surrounding the East Asian development experience has centered on the proximate causes of its development trajectory and the economic and political consequences of this trajectory for the East Asian newly industrializing economies (NIEs), because Asia looms so large in the global economy and ecology, interest has belatedly turned to the environmental consequences of East Asia’s development path and to the political economy of governmental responses to deteriorating environmental conditions in the region (Brandon and Ramankutty 1993; Rock 2002a). The focus on the environment came none too soon. Rapid urbanization, industrialization, and globalization in the East Asian NIEs, when combined with ‘grow first, clean up later’ environmental policies, have resulted in average levels of air particulates approximately five times higher than in OECD countries and twice the world average (Asian Development Bank 1997). Not surprisingly, of the 60 developing country cities on which the World Bank (2004: 164–5) reports urban air quality, 62% (10 of 16) are in developing East Asia, all but one of the rest are in South Asia. Measures of water pollution in East Asia, such as biological oxygen demand (BOD) and levels of suspended solids are also substantially above world averages (Lohani 1998). With the prospect for further rapid urban-industrial growth rooted in the attraction of foreign direct investment and the export of manufactures in East Asia, the rest of Asia, and the rest of the developing world as the East Asian ‘model of development’ spreads, local, regional, and global environmental conditions may well get worse before they get better (Rock et al. 2000). At the core of this environmental challenge in East Asia is rapid urban industrial growth.
10
Dale, Peter, and John McLaughlin. "Economic Issues in Land Administration." In Land Administration. Oxford University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198233909.003.0015.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Land is of such fundamental importance that the land administration function has tended to be taken for granted. Increasingly, however, there is a debate as to how much money should be allocated to this area and with what priority. A host of concerns have been raised with respect to: 1. documenting the benefits and costs of titling and registration projects; 2. financing the construction and ongoing management of land administration infrastructure; 3. developing appropriate pricing strategies and policies for land administration services and products; and 4. examining the economic issues associated with determining the most effective roles for government and the private sector in the land administration field. Where more fundamental assessment of the role of real property has taken place, two schools of thought have emerged that are not mutually exclusive. The first has been based on traditional arguments for detailed a priori benefit/cost assessments (factoring in both quantifiable and non-quantifiable variables); the second and more recent has argued for minimal initial investment in the infrastructure, leaving it to market forces to dictate subsequent developments. The classic work of Gershon Feder and his World Bank colleagues on assessing the benefits of titling and registration has recently been reported in Feder and Nishio (1998). Feder developed a conceptual framework for the economics of land registration, initially in the context of a study on rural Thailand (Feder et al 1988). Two links between titles and economic performance were highlighted: the enhancement of tenure security and the role of titles in collateral arrangements that would facilitate access to institutional credit. Feder’s conceptual framework for evaluating landownership security and farm productivity is illustrated in Figure 11.1. Using empirical evidence from rural Thailand, Feder and his team compared the economic performance of two groups of farmers: one group was without legal titles and operated in forest reserves while the another group had legal titles and operated outside the forest reserve boundaries. Study sites were selected from four provinces, with the comparative groups operating in geographical proximity and within a similar agrarian and climatic environment.
Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Banks Proximity"
1
Veganzones, David, and Eric Séverin. "ON THE INFLUENCE OF BANKING RELATIONSHIPS ON FRENCH SMES FAILURE." In Economic and Business Trends Shaping the Future. Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Faculty of Economics-Skopje, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47063/ebtsf.2020.0015.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Small and medium firms are highly dependent on banks to finance their business activities. Thus, banking relationship may be crucial to overcome financial difficulties and to ensure their continuity. Accordingly, this paper investigates the influence of banking relationship on SMEs failure. In particular, four measures that firms can control to build their banking relationships and, that resemble standard variables from the literature on bank/firms relationships are evaluated: the breadth of relationships (number of banks), the relationship length(relationship duration), the relationship proximity (bank-firm distance) and, the relationship form (type of bank). Applying a logistic regression to a unique sample of 4960 French SME firms over the period 2013-2016, we evidence that banking relationships have a significant role on the SMEs likelihood of failure. More precisely, we find that multibank relationships, working with a small bank and relationship length are significantly negative correlated with SMEs failure. The opposite effect appears in bank-firm distance, which increases the SMEs probability of failure. Additionally, a corporate failure prediction model was built based on both financial ratios and banking relationship variables. The performance of this model was compared to a model based solely on financial ratios as predictive indicators. The results indicate that banking relationship variables possess prediction power to failure and enhance the performance of corporate failure models. Consequently, our findings are important from a policy perspective to further comprehend the role that banks play on SMEs failure.
2
Mohammed Ahmad, Arshad. "Banking collapse syndrome and its impact on capital adequacy in a sample of private banks in Iraq For the period 2006 - 2020." In 11th International Conference of Economic and Administrative Reform: Necessities and Challenges. University of Human Development, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/icearnc/3.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The research concluded that banking collapse syndrome is identified as the last stage in the bank’s life cycle in the field of banking transactions, which leads to the necessity of forecasting and precaution for it before its occurrence for the sake of the permanence of its work and the sustainability of its bid, as well as its role in determining appropriate levels of capital adequacy according to what it came about The reports of the Basel Committee to determine the possibility of capital in bearing the collapse and the end of the inevitable existence of the bank, and the research on this matter was based on the Sherrod model as one of the approved approaches to predicting financial failure with an indication of the statistical impact on the adequacy of capital weighted by risk and the extent to which the cognitive harmony between them is achieved. The private sector (Baghdad, Investment, Middle East) in Iraq is a sample for it, and for a time series for the period (2006-2020), through which it was reached to determine the syndrome of banking collapse as well as the classification of banks in the research sample according to their credit activity and the extent of their distance or proximity to the collapse, and also contributed Research in determining the significance of statistical tests and indicators, as well as clarifying the interpretations stemming from the womb of financial analysis in line with the ABCs of banking. The research has reached a group of Conclusions and shortcomings stemming from the idea adopted by the research and its findings.
3
Mohammed Ahmad, Arshad. "Banking collapse syndrome and its impact on capital adequacy in a sample of private banks in Iraq For the period 2006 - 2020." In 11th International Conference of Economic and Administrative Reform: Necessities and Challenges. University of Human Development, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicearnc/3.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The research concluded that banking collapse syndrome is identified as the last stage in the bank’s life cycle in the field of banking transactions, which leads to the necessity of forecasting and precaution for it before its occurrence for the sake of the permanence of its work and the sustainability of its bid, as well as its role in determining appropriate levels of capital adequacy according to what it came about The reports of the Basel Committee to determine the possibility of capital in bearing the collapse and the end of the inevitable existence of the bank, and the research on this matter was based on the Sherrod model as one of the approved approaches to predicting financial failure with an indication of the statistical impact on the adequacy of capital weighted by risk and the extent to which the cognitive harmony between them is achieved. The private sector (Baghdad, Investment, Middle East) in Iraq is a sample for it, and for a time series for the period (2006-2020), through which it was reached to determine the syndrome of banking collapse as well as the classification of banks in the research sample according to their credit activity and the extent of their distance or proximity to the collapse, and also contributed Research in determining the significance of statistical tests and indicators, as well as clarifying the interpretations stemming from the womb of financial analysis in line with the ABCs of banking. The research has reached a group of Conclusions and shortcomings stemming from the idea adopted by the research and its findings.
4
Elshafiey, Tarief M. F. "Design and implementation of a museum and banks security system using antenna as IR proximity sensor and PSoC technology." In Applications (ISWTA). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iswta.2011.6089400.
Texte intégral
5
Alvarez Macias, Dennisse, Jesús Rafael Hechavarría Hernández, and Maria Pin. "Strategic urban planning of the banks of the Daule river: Case study in Guayas, Ecuador." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002356.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The strategic location of the neighborhood “Entrada a Daule” on the banks of the Daule River has led to a disorderly increase in informal settlements over the past decades as result of its proximity to the city of Guayaquil. This study proposes an urban planning that is oriented towards sustainable, organized, and planned development contemplating conditions for environmental development, economic and social growth that are conceived in the assessed region. Therefore, based on the identified variables, it is sought to meet the following objectives: inclusive and equitable resilient urban planning; strengthen local govern through a real citizen participation by carrying out the “Right to the City”; and characterize the existing natural element of the territory as a limiting factor in the creation of land use regulations. In summary, the urban intervention plan aims to recover the dynamics and landscape environmental characterization of the region to achieve a sustainable and comprehensive future in terms of city projection and construction policies.
6
Liu, Han, Ning Ma, and Xiechong Gu. "Numerical Prediction of Ship Hydrodynamic Derivatives in Close Proximity to a Vertical Bank and Maneuvering Stability Analysis." In ASME 2016 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2016-54528.
Texte intégralRésumé :
As bank effect has a remarkable influence on the maneuverability of a ship proceeding close to a vertical bank, the assessment of ship maneuvering stability is of great importance. The hydrodynamic derivatives of a ship can reflect the change of the ship’s maneuverability and they are determined with the method of planar motion mechanism (PMM) tests. This paper presents a numerical way to simulate the PMM captive model tests for the ship KVLCC2. A general purpose viscous flow solver was adopted to solve unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) equations in conjunction with a RNG k-ε turbulence model. A hybrid dynamic mesh technique is developed to update the mesh volume around the ship hull when the ship is undertaking pure yaw motions and it turns out efficient and effective to solve the limitation of small ship-bank distance to the mesh configuration and remeshing.. The numerical simulations and the accuracy of the numerical method was validated in comparison with the results of PMM tests in a circulating water channel. Then a series of distances between ship and bank together with different water depths were set for simulating the PMM tests of the KVLCC2 model in proximity to a vertical bank. The first order hydrodynamic derivatives of the ship were analyzed from the time history of lateral force and yaw moment according to the multiple-run simulating procedure. The values of derivatives in different lateral proximities to the bank and variant water depths were compared and it showed some favorable trends for predicting the ship’s maneuverability in the restricted waterways. For example, the influence of velocity derivatives on lateral force reduces while that of velocity derivatives on yaw moment strengthens and this is partly due to the suction force and bow-out moment caused by bank wall effect. The straight line stability and directional stability in terms of the calculated hydrodynamic derivatives were also discussed based on the MMG model for ship maneuvering. Results indicate that the ship is inherently unstable without control and the enhancement of bank effect makes the condition even worse. Moreover, a stable or unstable zone of PD controller parameters focusing on the directional stability was illustrated and setting the values of controller parameters in the range of “Control with high sensitivity” is recommended for cases of the ship navigating in very close proximity to a bank.
7
Lataire, Evert, Marc Vantorre, and Guillaume Delefortrie. "The Influence of the Ship’s Speed and Distance to an Arbitrarily Shaped Bank on Bank Effects." In ASME 2015 34th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2015-41835.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A displacement vessel — obviously — displaces a (large) amount of water. In open and deep navigation areas this water can travel almost without any restriction underneath and along the ship’s hull. In restricted and shallow waterways, however, the displaced water is squeezed under and along the hull. These bathymetric restrictions result in increased velocities of the return flow along the hull. The resulting pressure distribution on the hull causes a combination of forces and moments on the vessel. If generated because of asymmetric flow due to the presence of a bank, this combination of forces and moment is known as bank effects. By far the most comprehensive and systematic experimental research program on bank effects has been carried out in the Towing Tank for Manoeuvres in Shallow Water (cooperation Flanders Hydraulics Research – Ghent University) at Flanders Hydraulics Research (FHR) in Antwerp, Belgium. The obtained data set on bank effects consists of more than 14 000 unique model test setups. Different ship models have been tested in a broad range of draft to water depth ratios, forward speeds and propeller actions. The tests were carried out along several bank geometries at different lateral positions between the ship and the installed bank. The output consists of forces and moments on hull, rudder and propeller as well as vertical ship motions. An analysis of this extensive database has led to an increased insight into the parameters which are relevant for bank effects. Two important parameters are linked to the relative distance between ship and bank and the ship’s forward speed. The relative position and distance between a ship and an arbitrarily shaped bank is ambiguous. Therefore a definition for a dimensionless distance to the bank will be introduced. In this way the properties of a random cross section are taken into account without exaggerating the bathymetry at a distance far away from the ship or without underestimating the bank shape at close proximity to the ship. The dimensionless velocity, named the Tuck number (Tu), considers the water depth and blockage, and is based on the velocity relative to the critical speed. The latter is dependent on the cross section (and thus the bank geometry) of the waterway.
8
Roca Cisa, Miquel, Joan Triadó Aymerich, Jordi Arderiu, and David Perelló. "Projecte centre de coneixement urbà: EUP de Mataró - Ajuntament de Mataró: eines d’ajuda a la presa de decisions dins de l’àmbit de la gestió municipal." In International Conference Virtual City and Territory. Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.7582.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La utilització de grans quantitats de dades dins de l’àmbit de gestió municipal, planteja uns problemes importants d’extracció d’informació i , anant més enllà, d’extracció de coneixement.
 
 En aquest article es presentaran eines d’ajuda a la presa de decisions, que permeten visualitzar anàlisis complexes que relacionen tipus de dades diversos, tals com l’estructura física de la ciutat (carrers, illes, parcel·les, portals), la població que hi viu, els centres proveïdors de serveis i les característiques de les activitats econòmiques que s’hi desenvolupen. També permeten fer hipòtesis i simulacions dels diferents escenaris.
 
 Aquestes eines s’han aplicat a la ciutat de Mataró, mitjançant el Servei d’Estudis i Planificació de l’Ajuntament, i hi estan involucrades dades que tenen origen en diferents departaments municipals, com ara el Padró d’Habitants, el Cadastre i el Mapa de la Ciutat entre altres. 
 
 L’Ajuntament de Mataró a través del Servei d’Estudis, per una part i l’Escola Universitària Politècnica com soci tecnològic han creat el Centre de Coneixement Urbà per dur a terme aquestes activitats.
 
 El projecte es basa, fonamentalment, en la superioritat de la informació gràfica sobre de l’alfanumèrica. Un aspecte essencial és la ubicació de les dades en el territori, a partir de la seva georeferenciació tal com fa un SIG, però en el nostre cas el SIG és simplement una interfície i el que realment es valorat i potenciat és la interacció entres les diferents tipologies de dades, per acabar generant uns indicadorstambé gràfics i georefenciats (entitats o mapes temàtics) que presenten la síntesi resultant aportant una informació qualitativament diferent a la informació inicial.
 
 Aplicacions:
 
 1) Centres proveïdors de serveis i proximitat. 
 La idea és associar l’àrea d’influència d’un determinat centre proveïdor de servei (amb aquest nom es pot representar un centre d’ensenyament, un ambulatori, un centre cívic etc.) amb la seva capacitat de donar aquest servei (nombre de places) i amb la població ‘target’ del citat servei que hi ha a l’entorn físic del centre.
 
 D’aquesta manera es pot generar un indicador de l’àrea d’influència sobre el seu territori més proper. Això permet al polític o al gestor, d’una mirada, percebre sobre el mapa de la ciutat o el territori, si hi ha ‘buits’ significatius en la cobertura i també veure ‘que passaria si’ s’augmenta la capacitat d’un centre, o es canvia d’emplaçament, o se’n tanquen u obren de nous.
 
 2) Activitat econòmica i relació amb la població
 Permet tenir una visió de l’activitat econòmica de la ciutat agrupada per sectors (epígrafs normalitzats) podent escollir activitats relacionades de diferents maneres, com per exemple: tot el comerç al detall, tot el comerç a l’engròs, la restauració, la banca, el tèxtil etc. Es presenten totes les entitats que corresponen a cada consulta en forma de números de policia o parcel·les. Es visualitza també en forma gràfica la superfície declarada per aquesta activitat. Igualment també es pot relacionar amb la població, predefinint unes zones d’influència de cada centre d’activitat i mostrant un temàtic de la població que en queda fora permetent per tant aplicacions de geomarketing. The use of massive data within the field of local-government management causes some important problems to extract information and knowledge from data.
 
 In this article, tools are presented to help in decision-making. These tools allow to show complex analysis which connect diferent types of data, such as physical structures and elements in town (streets, blocks, plots of land and doorways), with the inhabitants who live there, service supplier centers and economic activity characteristics. Hypothesis and simulations of diferent scenes are also enabled.
 
 The Servei d’estudis i planificació - Study and Planning Service – of Mataró Town Council has put into practice these tools in its own town. The data used have their origin in diferent departments, such as Inhabitants Register, Property Register, and the City’s Map Department. 
 
 Mataró Town Council, through Servei d’estudis i planificació, and the Escola Universitària Politècnica de Mataró (Mataró School of Engineering), as technology partner, have created the Centre de Coneixement Urbà – Urban Knowledge Center – to carry out these activities.
 
 The project is mainly based on the idea that graphically-presented information is more useful than alphanumerically-presented information. An essencial aim is the location of data in the territory from its georeference, as a Geographical Information System (GIS) does. In our case, however, the GIS is used just as an interface. What is actually valuable and strengthened is the integration of the diferent types of data to create graphic and georeferenced indicators (entities and thematic maps), which summarizes and improves the quality of the information.
 
 Application:
 1) Service suppliers and proximity centers
 The main idea is to associate an area of influence to a particular Service Supplier Center (a school, a health center, a community center, etc.) with its number of vacancies and with the inhabitants targeted by and around this service. So, an indicator of the area of influence around the center can be generated. This indicator is a great tool to politicians or managers because it allows them to understand, over the city map, if there are empty areas not covered by the analysed service. Therefore “what if “ questions can be used to change the number of vacancies of the center, its situation or even removing or creating new ones.
 
 2) Economic activity and relationship with population
 It allows to have a view of the town’s economic activity grouped into sectors. The user can choose diferent activities related in some diferent ways, for instance: retail, wholesale trading, restaurants, banks, textile, etc. All the entities corresponding to each query are shown on the map as plots of lands or doorways. And you can also graphically see the area legally declared by the owner of the activity. Moreover, these entities can be related to the inhabitants by previously defining a zone of influence of each activity center and by showing a thematic map of inhabitants left out from the area of influence, thus allowing geomarketing applications