Thèses : « Baltic Sea Region – History »

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Safronovas, VASILIJUS. « The Competition of Identity Ideologies in a City of South-Eastern Baltic Sea Region : The Case-Study of Klaipėda in the 20th Century ». Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20120123_153541-35073.

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The dissertation deals with theoretical problem: it seeks to resolve the issues of what determines the competition of identity ideologies, what its manifestations are and what variations of demonstration of belonging and separateness of the population in a particular city of the South-Eastern Baltic Sea region can be created by this competition. The city of Klaipėda and the 20th century are taken as spatial and temporal boundaries of the study, thereby realising that the processes of the competition of identity ideologies which took place in Klaipėda were more general and incidental to many cities of particular South-Eastern Baltic Sea region. This is regarded as the case analysis in a comparative context, which aims at producing generalizations, limited by one case empirical data, of phenomena generic to many cities of the South-Eastern Baltic Sea region, and thereby to contribute to generalization of competition of identity ideologies incidental to multiple cases on the basis of a single case. The objective of the doctoral dissertation is to disclose the influence of the competition of the main consolidating identity ideologies in the public communication space of the city of Klaipėda on the identity of inhabitants of this city in the 20th century and formulate the pattern of the competition of such identity ideologies in the city of the South-Eastern Baltic Sea region on the ground of empirical data. In attaining this objective, the dissertation: 1) analyses the semantics... [to full text]
Disertacijoje sprendžiama teorinė problema: ja siekiama atsakyti į klausimą, nuo ko priklauso, kaip reiškiasi ir kokias gyventojų prisiskyrimo ir atskirumo demonstravimo variacijas konkrečiame Pietryčių Baltijos jūros regiono mieste gali sukurti tapatybės ideologijų konkurencija. Tyrimo erdvinė ir chronologinė apimtis yra apribota Klaipėdos miestu XX amžiuje, sykiu suvokiant, kad Klaipėdoje vykę tapatybių ideologijos konkurencijos procesai buvo bendresni, pasireiškę ir kituose Pietryčių Baltijos jūros regiono miestuose. Tai yra atvejo analizė lyginamajame kontekste, kuria siekiama pateikti vieno atvejo empirine medžiaga apribotus apibendrinimus apie reiškinius, būdingus daugeliui Pietryčių Baltijos jūros regiono miestų, ir šitaip vieno atvejo pagrindu prisidėti prie tapatybės ideologijos konkurencijos, būdingos daugybei atvejų, apibendrinimo. Disertacijos tikslas yra atskleisti pagrindinių konsoliduojančių tapatybės ideologijų konkurencijos Klaipėdos miesto viešojoje bendravimo erdvėje įtaką šio miesto gyventojų tapatybei XX amžiuje ir empirinės medžiagos pagrindu suformuluoti tokių tapatybės ideologijų konkurencijos Pietryčių Baltijos jūros regiono mieste modelį. Joje nagrinėjamas Klaipėdoje aktualizuotas nacionalistinių tapatybės ideologijų reikšminis turinys ir šių ideologijų simbolinio ir ritualinio palaikymo viešojo bendravimo erdvėje būdai 1918–1939 m., 1945–1988 m. ir po 1988 m.; yra nustatomi tapatybės ideologijų, kurios buvo palaikomos Klaipėdoje, konkurencijos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

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Kazhura, Yury, Paulo Bento Maffei de Souza et Heather Worosz. « Sustainable Community Development in the Baltic Sea Region ». Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Avdelningen för maskinteknik, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-2250.

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This study examines Sustainable Community Development (SCD) in the context of the Baltic Sea Region. The research focuses on understanding a model for SCD piloted in Robertsfors, Sweden. The model is said to be transferable to any community around the world. This study seeks to understand the concepts and tools used in the Robertsfors Model. It also examines whether the model is strategic with regards to sustainability and whether it is successful in engaging the local community around these issues. Considerations for transferability are also addressed, focusing specifically on the Eastern Baltic Sea Region. Opportunities for improving the model are also studied. A combination of secondary research, in the form of literature review and primary research (structured interviews and questionnaires) was used to explore these questions. Propositions about SCD and questions for further research emerged from this study.

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Lundgren, Lina. « Preventive action in the protection of the Baltic Sea : Do the HELCOM Baltic Sea Action Plan and An Agenda for the Baltic Sea Region – Baltic 21 advocate preventive action in protecting the Baltic Sea ? » Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Water and Environmental Studies, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-12240.

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The Baltic Sea is a sensitive and unique ecosystem that has been strongly affected by human activity in the area. It is an important cultural and natural resource that contributes with several economic benefits. Among the many documents aiming to protect the Baltic Sea, this thesis concerns two of the action plans; An Agenda for the Baltic Sea Region – Baltic 21 and HELCOM Baltic Sea Action Plan, which are two of the most recognised documents aiming at protecting the Baltic Sea area. The two documents was analysed using three different types of text analysis.

As the main goal in all environmental protection is to urge preventive action in protecting the environment, the two documents will be analysed with the aim of investigating whether preventive action is advocated in the protection of the Baltic Sea, even though the region is threatened and have many problems from an environmental point of view.

The two documents differ structurally as their approaches differ. The HELCOM Baltic Sea Action Plan (BSAP) has an ecosystem approach, whiles the Baltic 21 has sustainable development as its primarily approach. The results of the study further show that preventive action is advocated in both documents. However, the BSAP presents a cleared preventive approach and suggests more preventive action than Baltic 21. Baltic 21 lack a clear connection to the Baltic Sea and instead focus in the whole Baltic Sea area. There are few clearly preventive action presented in the protection of the actual Baltic Sea in Baltic 21. Instead the Baltic 21 shows a vague argumentation and few actions aiming at preventing environmental harm to the Baltic Sea.

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Murumets, Jaan. « Security-Political environment of the Baltic Sea Region an Estonian perspective / ». Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2000. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA378568.

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Thesis (M.A. in International Security and Civil-Military Relations) Naval Postgraduate School, March 2000.
Thesis advisor(s): Abenheim, Donald. "March 2000." Includes bibliographical references (p. 135-139). Also available in print.

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Olson, Carina. « Neolithic Fisheries : Osteoarchaeology of Fish Remains in the Baltic Sea Region ». Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies, Stockholm University, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-8215.

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Schönweitz, Magdalena. « Cross-border cooperation of urban regions in the Baltic Sea area ». Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät III, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17341.

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Ausgehend von der Annahme, dass die Ostseeregion primär eine von Städten und urbanen Zentren geprägte Region ist, untersucht diese Studie die Entstehung und Entwicklung grenzüberschreitender Zusammenarbeit von Großstradtregionen im Ostseeraum. Auf der Grundlage poststrukturalistischer Forschungsansätze ergänzt durch Governancetheorien wird ein umfassendes theoretisches Instrumentarium erarbeitet, mit dem drei Fälle grenzüberschreitender Zusammenarbeit von Großstadtregionen aus der Ostseeregion untersucht werden. Die konzeptionelle Grundidee besteht hierbei darin, Vergleichbarkeit nicht durch die Anwendung vorher festgelegter Kriterien, sondern durch die Formulierung und Anwendung eines gleichbleibenden Katalogs offener Forschungsfragen herzustellen. Zunächst werden für diese Arbeit drei Einzelfallstudien zur Öresundregion, Göteborg-Oslo Region und der Euregio Helsinki-Tallinn erstellt. Dann werden in einer vergleichenden Gegenüberstellung Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede erarbeitet und auf dieser Grundlage Faktoren, welche die Entstehung und Entwicklung grenzüberschreitender Zusammenarbeit begünstigen, abgeleitet. Darüber hinaus rückt das Ergebnis der Analyse drei weitere Aspekte für die Entwicklung grenzüberschreitende Zusammenarbeit in den Mittelpunkt, die in angewendeten theoretischen Ansätzen bisher unberücksichtigt geblieben sind, die aber erheblichen Einfluss auf die Entwicklung der einzelnen Region haben: geographische Lage, Timing und Marginalisierung.
Based on the assumption that the Baltic Sea Region is primarily composed of cities and urban areas, this study explores the evolution and development of the cross-border cooperation of large urban areas in the Baltic Sea Region. Using post-structuralist theoretical approaches supplemented with governance theory, the study develops a comprehensive theoretical tool for the analysis of three cases of cross-border cooperation of urban areas in the Balitc Sea Region. The conceptual idea was to safeguard comparability through the application of a common set of open research questions, rather than to apply a set of pre-given criteria. First, this piece of research provides the three single case studies of the Oresund Region, the Gothenburg-Oslo Region and the Euregio Helsinki-Tallinn. Then a comparative analysis elaborates on the commonalities and differences and derives supporting factors for cross-border cooperation based on that background. Finally, the comparative analysis also points to three additional relevant aspects for the development of cross-border cooperation that have not been included into the theoretical approaches but which had remarkable influence on the development of the single cases: geographical localisation, timing and marginalisation.

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Melchiorre, Tiziana. « Regional cooperation organizations in a multipolar world. Comparing the Baltic and the Black Sea regions ». Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Ekonomisk-historiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-102719.

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This dissertation analyses the phenomenon of regionalism around the Baltic and the Black Sea since the end of the Cold War with a comparative approach and by applying an extended neorealist theory that includes geopolitics and historical legacy. The main focus is regional organizations, the Council of the Baltic Sea States (CBSS) and the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC), which defines the geographical and political borders of the Baltic and the Black Sea region. These regional organizations are treated as international regimes. The three main varibales taken into consideration in this study are the distribution of power among the big states, the geographical location and the historical legacy that directly and indirectly affect the relations among the states in each region. These variables are consistently applied to the following four sector analysed in this study: hard security, energy, economic development, and environment. While the last three sectors are areas of cooperation within the CBSS and the BSEC, hard security is not. Its inclusion in this study is because of the fact that it strongly affects the power relations among the states in the two regions and that it is strictly linked to the other three sectors. Although the CBSS and the BSEC have established ad hoc Working Groups with the aim to make cooperation working effectively, regional states cooperate to the extent that it brings relative gains according to the neorealist theory. The analysis shows that the two regimes created around the Balti and the Black Sea are ineffective despite the fact that the CBSS has managed to create stronger cooperative links among its members compared to the BSEC.

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Nikolova, Iskra. « The EU Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region and the Presence of Russia ». Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22662.

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The aim of this paper is to reveal how the European – Russian political cooperation in the common Baltic Sea Region developed over the last twenty years, ending up at the recently adopted European Union Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region, which excludes Russian participation. This single case study is divided into two well-defined historical periods: starting from the fall of the Berlin Wall until the Eastern Bloc European enlargement and from 2004 to the adoption of the European Union Strategy for the Baltic Sea region in 2009; where comparison and process-tracing methods are applied to connect different variables that matter for clarifying the current state of relations. Furthermore, the analysis is conducted with the help of Constructivist and Neo-Realist theories for two purposes – to achieve stronger scientific explanation and to avoid too loose interpretation of the events. The results show that the Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region is often seen and understood differently by the various political actors, but consequently this leads to a situation in which the role of Russia in the common region remains unclear. When it comes to defining the Russian position today, the Baltic Sea Region provides a good climate for collaboration but so far, the European Union has failed to recognize that the Russian Federation although with a limited access to the sea, remains an actor that should not be ignored. Russia, as well appears confused about its overall foreign policy towards the European Union. Nevertheless, another significant outcome reveals that the levels of regional cooperation have been continuously increasing over the last twenty years, which is an indicator that the Russian presence did not diminish. Finally, the study suggests the European Union Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region is perhaps the beginning of a new tendency towards macro-regional policy development, which will play a future important role in the international relations.

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Larsson, Markus. « Towards a Sustainable Food System : Entrepreneurship, Resilience and Agriculture in the Baltic Sea Region ». Doctoral thesis, KTH, Miljöstrategisk analys (fms), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-187361.

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This thesis compares conventional agriculture and Ecological Recycling Agriculture (ERA) in terms of their environmental and socio-economic effects. Environmental effects include greenhouse gas emissions and energy use, but this analysis focuses on nutrient losses. Socio-economic effects include production, costs and benefits at macro, firm and household level. Comparisons were made at regional (Baltic Sea), national (Swedish) and local (community/municipality) level. At regional level, the main challenge is to make agriculture more environmentally friendly and reduce nutrient losses, while maintaining food production. At national level, the challenges are to shift the product mix towards more vegetables and less meat and to address the geographical division between animal and crop production. At local level, the challenge is to achieve sustainable environmental, economic and social rural development. At regional level, the empirical findings were scaled up to create three scenarios. In one scenario, agriculture in Poland and the Baltic States was transformed to resemble the Swedish average structure and resource use, which gave increased nitrogen and phosphorus surplus and substantially increased food production. Two other scenarios in which agriculture in the entire Baltic Sea area converted to ERA gave reductions in nitrogen surplus and eliminated the phosphorus surplus, while food production decreased or remained stable, depending on the strategy chosen. At national level, the environmental effects of different production methods, transport and different food baskets were compared. A household survey was performed to construct an alternative food basket, which was high in vegetables, low in meat and high in locally produced organic food compared with the average Swedish food profile. It was also 24% more expensive. Food basket content was found to be as important as production method in reducing environmental effects. Local production and processing was less important. At local level, an importer and wholesaler of organic fruit and vegetables and a group of environmentally concerned consumers were studied. The business was found to be resilient, i.e. well-suited to adapt to turbulence, and with a history of being innovative.
I den här avhandlingen jämförs konventionellt jordbruk med ekologiskt kretsloppsjordbruk. Jämförelsen görs med avseende på miljöeffekter och socio-ekonomisk påverkan. Av miljöeffekterna är fokus på läckage av växtnäring men utsläpp av växthusgaser samt energianvändning studeras också. Till de socio-ekonomiska effekterna räknas effekter på produktionsvolym samt kostnader och nyttor på såväl samhälls- som företags- och hushållsnivå. Jämförelsen görs på regional (Östersjöområdet), nationell (Sverige) och lokal (Järna/Södertälje kommun) nivå. På regional nivå är den stora utmaningen att omvandla jordbruksproduktionen i miljövänlig riktning och att minska närsaltsbelastningen samtidigt som produktionen hålls uppe. På nationell nivå är en utmaning att ändra produktionssammansättningen mot mer vegetabilier och mindre kött samt att minska den geografiska uppdelningen av djurhållning och spannmål. På lokal nivå är utmaningen att uppnå en hållbar landsbygdsutveckling ur miljömässigt såväl som ekonomiskt och socialt perspektiv. Resultat: på regional nivå beräknas miljöpåverkan och påverkan på livsmedelsproduktion i tre olika scenarier. Enligt ett scenario omvandlar Polen och de baltiska staterna sina jordbrukssektorer efter samma struktur och resursanvändning som ett genomsnittligt svenskt jordbruk. Det resulterar i att överskottet av kväve och fosfor i jordbruket ökar med 58% respektive 18% samtidigt som livsmedelsproduktionen ökar betydligt. Två andra scenarier där jordbruket i hela Östersjöregionen ställer om till ekologiskt kretsloppsjordbruk resulterar i reduktion av kväveöverskottet från jordbruket med 47-61% samt att fosforöverskottet elimineras. I de här scenarierna skulle livsmedelsproduktionen minska eller vara i princip oförändrad beroende på vilken strategi som väljs. På nationell nivå jämförs miljöpåverkan av olika produktionsmetoder, av transporter samt av olika matkassar. En hushållsstudie genomfördes i en grupp miljömedvetna konsumenter för att konstruera en alternativ matkasse. Matkassen innehöll en stor andel grönsaker, en liten andel kött och mycket lokalt och ekologiskt producerad mat jämfört med en genomsnittlig svensk matkasse. Den var även 24% dyrare i inköp. Det visade sig att miljöbelastningen påverkades väl så mycket av matkassens innehåll som av produktionsmetod. Lokal produktion och förädling var inte lika betydelsefullt. På lokal nivå studerades en grossist och importör av ekologiska frukter och grönsaker samt en grupp av miljöengagerade konsumenter (hushållsstudien ovan). Semistrukturerade intervjuer användes för att studera företaget, som visade sig vara resilient, det vill säga väl förberett för att klara turbulens på marknaden. Företaget karaktäriserades av ekonomisk stabilitet och en tradition av att vara innovativt. Ett exempel är Ekolådan, den första helt ekologisk hemleveransen av frukt och grönsaker i Stockholmsområdet. I den studerade regionen (Södertälje kommun) är efterfrågan på ekologiska livsmedel – från såväl hushåll och företag och andra organisationer som kommunen själv – hög jämfört med övriga Sverige. EU:s utvidgning innebär en möjlighet till förändrad förvaltning av Östersjön och jordbrukssektorn. En omställning i stor skala till ekologiskt kretsloppsjordbruk skulle leda till miljöförbättringar. En hållbar förvaltning av Östersjön, något som överenskommits inom ramen för HELCOM, kan inte uppnås samtidigt som jordbruksproduktionen maximeras i länderna runt Östersjön. Jordbruket orsakar betydande externa kostnader. Betalningsviljan för en förbättrad Östersjömiljö är stor vilket motiverar investeringar i ett miljövänligare, hållbart jordbruk. Medlemmarna i HELCOM, däribland Sveriges regering, har såväl ekonomiska som miljömässiga incitament att utnyttja möjligheten som Polens och de baltiska staternas EU-medlemskap innebär.

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Izosimova, Svetlana. « Understanding the Energy Interdependence Between the EU and Russia : Case of the Baltic Sea Region ». Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för ekonomisk och industriell utveckling, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-124283.

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This study is conducted with the purpose to unfold hidden sides of the EU – Russian energy cooperation and to shed a light on possible reasons for existing problems that have rarely been voiced before. This study provides an alternative view on the role of the Baltic Sea region in the overall EU – Russian energy dialogue and its current situation. In this research the historical observation of the energy interdependence regime development is examined and the crucial turning points in the energy interdependence like the EU enlargement 2004, the gas cut offs 2006 and 2009, and crises 2014 are reconsidered. The energy security policies of the EU and Russia are analyzed by adopting the realist approach and applied to the case of the Baltic Sea region. Furthermore, based on the regional complex security theory and interdependence theory, the way how interstate gas relations in the Baltic Sea region affect the EU – Russian interdependence is discussed.

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Reuter, Marta. « Networking a region into existence ? : dynamics of civil society regionalization in the Baltic Sea area / ». Berlin : BWV, Berliner Wiss.-Verl, 2007. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2979818&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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Creutz, Kristina. « Tension and tradition a study of late iron age spearheads around the Baltic Sea / ». Stockholm : Stockholms universitet, 2003. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/52190612.html.

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Karabil, Sitar [Verfasser], et Eduardo [Akademischer Betreuer] Zorita. « Mechanisms of sea-level variability in the Baltic Sea region for the period 1850-2100 / Sitar Karabil ; Betreuer : Eduardo Zorita ». Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1137624795/34.

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Doneliene, Margarita [Verfasser]. « Eutrophication Governance in the Baltic Sea Region : Institutional Interplay and the Problem of Fit / Margarita Doneliene ». Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1081935529/34.

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Arra, Venni. « Storm Frequency in the Northern Baltic Sea Region and its Association to the North Atlantic Oscillation ». Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-165907.

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Storms can be both destructive and valuable at the same time. They expose coastal areas to various risks but can also enhance the supply of wind energy and provide marine ecosystems with oxygen rich water. As the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is known to have a significant impact on the wind climate in Europe, investigating its interconnection to storm frequency and intensity under global warming circumstances in the Northern Baltic Sea region was of interest in this study. Wind speed data series of annual storm counts were obtained from five meteorological stations along with PC-based NAO values over the period 1960-2017. The data series were analysed in Microsoft Excel and modelled using a Poisson regression or negative binomial regression model in SPSS Statistics. The results display an unsystematic spatial pattern both in the association to the NAO as well as in the overall storm frequency. However, storm (≥ 21 m s-1) frequency has generally been decreasing, whereas the proportion of severe storms (≥ 24 m s-1) has slightly been increasing, suggesting a tendency toward stronger but fewer storms. Even though only certain data series display statistically significant findings (p ≤ .05), a majority of the winter storms and severe winter storms display a positive association, indicating that a higher NAOI is related to a greater number of winter storms. The spatial and temporal variability in the obtained results can partially be explained by storm tracks and prevalent wind directions. Nevertheless, inhomogeneities do presumably affect the wind speed observations through internal and external influences and changes related to the meteorological stations. Future research should, therefore, also consider integrating other storm related parameters, such as direct air pressure measurements, wave heights and storm surges, as well as implement different data homogenization methods and techniques.

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Skaring, Ida. « Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in the Baltic Sea region : The effects of SSRI on teleost fish ». Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, miljö och teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-35727.

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Pharmaceuticals, enter the aquatic environments through sewage treatment plants and may affect fish. This examination paper is a literature study that focuses on Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, SSRIs, exposure and the impacts on teleosts in the Baltic Sea by assessment of peer-reviewed literature and material. Teleosts affected by exposure of these substances may demonstrate physiologically as well as behavioral alterations. These can be observed as alterations in aggression, boldness, mobility, growth, feeding rate or in endocrine processes. The potential of which SSRI may effect teleosts depends on the pH of the aquatic environment, temperature, other contaminants and the fat solubility of the substances. Some effects caused by SSRI exposure may elicit ecological impacts. These particularly concern changes and effects in terms of evasiveness, reproductive capacity and ability to find food as well as alterations of interspecificity. Even the balance between population density, individual fitness and by extension survival might be affected. Effects in interspecificity may potentially lead to local extinctions and changes in food webs. Furthermore, results demonstrated that when a substance is bioaccumulated and the teleosts are eaten by predators on higher trophic levels, marine ecosystems can also be affected. Moreover a conclusion could be drawn the level of concentration of SSRIs in the aquatic environment may be of less significance since teleosts have the potential to bioaccumulate SSRIs in tissue over time and in this sense concentrations may reach harmful levels that can cause physiological or behavioural alterations. Continuous studies should refer to chronic tests studies with focus on a field testing environment for understanding of natural conditions and exposure. Furthermore, studies on how ecosystems may be affected should be important to give an overview of the problem with SSRI exposure. As the Baltic Sea is a sensitive environment, studies should preferable be made on species living in this environment.

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Latysheva, Ekaterina. « Governance and macro-regional strategies of the European Union : The case of the Baltic Sea Region ». Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för statsvetenskap (ST), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-104499.

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The introduction of the European Union (EU) macro-regional strategies (MRS) in the latter half of the 2000s was a significant step in the process of transformation of EU governance system. EU MRSs act as a new form of comprehensive governance framework for multi-objective and cross-sectoral cooperation in geographically defined macro-regions. This thesis examines the case of the Baltic Sea Region in order to evaluate a potential of this new governance instrument to transform cooperation arrangements in the region. In order to shed light on the strategy’s patterns and dynamics, the present study utilizes a qualitative methodological approach that uses document analysis based on a comprehensive analytical framework. The analytical framework incorporates the theoretical perspectives of multi-level and experimentalist governance, as well as the theory of differentiated integration. The main findings of this study suggest that the inception of the EU Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region (EUSBSR) in 2009 has offered an innovative and dynamic framework for cooperation that enabled a wider representation and more active participation of local and regional actors. This allowed for a more coherent and coordinated policymaking, facilitated a more responsive and transparent cooperation system in the region, as well as fostered transnational cooperation in the Baltic Sea Region by ensuring a wider engagement of non-EU countries.

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Bier, Nadja [Verfasser]. « Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of clinical and environmental Vibrio vulnificus isolates of the North Sea and Baltic Sea region / Nadja Bier ». Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1099282802/34.

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McKinnell, Stewart M. « Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) life history variation : implications for the Baltic Sea fishery / ». Umeå : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1998. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1998/91-576-5535-9.gif.

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Damušytė, Aldona. « Post-glacial geological history of the Lithuanian coastal area ». Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110414_105129-21832.

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The Lithuanian coastal area represents a specific region of great economic and rcreational importance. This research has been focused on a few tens of kilometres of the wide continental coastal sector, the northern parts of the Curonian Spit and the Curonian Lagoonal area. The geological material and results of absolute dating collected from numerous sediment samples have served as the basis for the essential specification of the boundaries, age, genesis and palaeo-sedimentation conditions at different Baltic Sea development stages.
Lietuvos pajūrio geologinės sandaros pažinimas, jo geologinės raidos žinojimas, čia vykstančių geologinių procesų suvokimas neabejotinai buvo, yra ir bus ypač aktualūs. Tyrimų objektas apėmė kelių dešimčių kilometrų pločio Baltijos jūros pakrantės ruožą žemyniniame krante, Lietuvai priklausančias šiaurines Kuršių nerijos ir Kuršių marių akvatorijos dalis. Absoliutaus datavimo metodų taikymas nuosėdų ir moliuskų liekanų amžiui nustatyti, iškastinių moliuskų liekanų apibūdinimas, nauji paleobotaninių tyrimų rezultatai bei kita gausi geologinė informacija leido patikslinti Baltijos paleobaseinų vandens lygio (kranto linijos) kaitą vėlyvajame ledynmetyje ir holocene, sudaryti seriją paleogeografinių rekonstrukcijų – kartoschemų skirtingų Baltijos jūros raidos stadijų baseinams.

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Mölder, Holger. « The security dilemma in the Baltic Sea Region and its impact on the regional security and defense cooperation / ». Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1998. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA359142.

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Thesis (M.A. in International Security and Civil-Military Relations) Naval Postgraduate School, December 1998.
"December 1998." Thesis advisor(s): Rodney Kennedy-Minott, Paul N. Stockton. Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-90). Also available online.

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Ilves, Kristin. « Seaward Landward : Investigations on the archaeological source value of the landing site category in the Baltic Sea region ». Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Arkeologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-172401.

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There is a tendency in archaeology dealing with watercraft landing sites in a wider context to assume a direct relationship between sites in coastal and shore-bound areas and the practise of landing, without any deeper practical or theoretical exploration of the reality of any such relationship. This problem has its origins in the poor archaeological and conceptual definitions of watercraft landing sites obstructing any real understanding of the role of these sites in the maritime cultural landscape. Landing sites are taken for granted and they are undervalued as an archaeological source of explanation; notwithstanding, the concept of the landing site is readily used in archaeology in order to underpin archaeological interpretations on the maritime activities of past societies. In order to break away from the simplified understandings of past water-bound strategies based on the undefined concept of the landing site, this dissertation suggests a definition of watercraft landing sites in a wider social sense as water-bound contact zones; places of social interaction that can be archaeologically identified and investigated. This perspective integrates the understanding of the intentional character of human activity related to watercraft landing with the remaining archaeological traces. Archaeological definitions of landing sites that can be tested against the archaeological data are provided, and thereby, the dissertation contributes with the possibility to archaeologically evaluate and approach the social function of watercraft landing sites. This dissertation demonstrates that there can be an archaeology of landing sites.

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Pedersen, Frands. « EU sub-national authorities as international actors : two nordic cases in the context of the Baltic Sea region ». Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2000. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/20049/.

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This thesis assesses the extent to which sub-national authorities from two regions within two unitary states in Europe have become autonomous international actors and attempts to determine whether the European foreign policy arena has been transformed as a result. The empirical examples, which the thesis subjects to analysis, consist of the international activities of the sub-national authorities of the Stockholm Region and the Oresund Region within the context of the Baltic Sea Region. Theoretically, it identifies the challenges from above and below to the authority of the state, and examines rational and reflectivist conceptions of sovereignty, authority and territoriality in order to characterise and delimit the possibilities for action of subnational authorities of unitary states at the international level. The thesis then undertakes a critical evaluation of the role attributed to sub-national authorities within theories of international relations and foreign policy, and assesses the explanatory power of state centric, supra-national, multi-level, and neo-institutional conceptions of the European system of governance in accounting for the international activities of sub-national authorities. It also discusses the characteristics of the European foreign policy arena and criteria for actorness within this arena. Following these conceptual considerations, a comprehensive multi-level framework is proposed which accommodates the international activities of actors at different levels of governance. This framework is subsequently applied in an empirical study of the international activities of the sub-national authorities of the two Nordic regions of Stockholm and the Oresund within the context of the Baltic Sea Region. Based on the empirical analysis, the thesis concludes that the international activities of sub-national authorities in the Stockholm Region and Oresund Region have increased in scope and significance, and that the degree of autonomy, which sub-national authorities have acquired is significant, but depends on the policy area.

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Molder, Holger. « The security dilemma in the Baltic Sea Region and its impact on the regional security and defense cooperation ». Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/26755.

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This thesis argues that the Baltic Sea region still faces significant security challenges in the post-Cold War era. In particular, nations in the region confront a "cooperative security dilemma." Baltic Sea countries are adopting a range of cooperative agreements to strengthen their security. By doing so, however, they may risk alienating other nations that are left out of those agreements, and thereby create an unstable security environment. This thesis examines the nature of the cooperative security dilemma in the Baltic Sea region, and analyzes how Baltic Sea nations can cooperate in the future without posing a threat to other nations, including Russia. This thesis argues that the Baltic Security Assistance (BALTSEA) program offers a model of future security arrangements which could avoid the problems of the security dilemma

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Fellner, Michael, James Vierling et Juliette Ténart. « Barriers and Best Practices to the Use of Public Transportation : A Case Study of the South Baltic Sea Region ». Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för strategisk hållbar utveckling, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-16432.

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Climate change is a pressing issue caused by the systematic increase of greenhouse gasses (GHG). One way to avoid higher GHG emissions is through an increased use of public transportation, transitioning society away from the personal automobile. Public transportation is more sustainable than the personal automobile as its emissions per person are less and it takes up significantly less space. Sustainability is defined through the principle-based definition of the Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development (FSSD). This research studied barriers and best practices to the use of public transportation in the South Baltic Sea Region (SBSR), in cooperation with the EU funded InterConnect Project. The research team was able to use the resources of the InterConnect Project for their methods in order to discover perceived barriers and potential best practices and ideas to overcome these barriers through the stakeholder perspective. The research team concludes that by addressing the perceived barriers, a first step towards transitioning society within the SBSR towards more sustainable transportation can be done. As transportation is complex and connected to other systems, the need for a systems perspective and a strategic and collaborative approach was identified. This could be achieved through using the FSSD in the SBSR.

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Marohn, Lasse [Verfasser]. « Microchemical analyses of otoliths in Baltic Sea fish : Possibilities and limitations of otolith elemental analysis to describe individual life history and stock characteristics of fish in the Baltic Sea / Lasse Marohn ». Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1020244720/34.

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Berntzon, Lotta. « Detection, transfer and role of an environmentally spread neurotoxin (BMAA) with focus on cyanobacteria and the Baltic Sea region ». Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och botanik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-118882.

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β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) is one of the more recently discovered bioactive compounds produced by cyanobacteria. BMAA is a non-protein amino acid reported present in human brain tissues of patients deceased from a neurodegenerative disease, such as Alzheimer´s disease or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This observation in combination with its neurotoxic effects in eukaryotes (in vivo and in vitro) and its potential to incorporate into (human) proteins, causing protein aggregation, suggests BMAA as a possible causative environmental agent for neurodegenerative diseases. Due to the ubiquitous nature of cyanobacteria with a wide occurrence in both aquatic and terrestrial environments, BMAA could be globally spread. Hence, investigations of a possible coupling between BMAA and neurodegeneration are urgently needed as well as to identify sources of BMAA in Nature. The aim of this thesis was to examine the potential occurrence of BMAA in bloom forming cyanobacteria of the Baltic Sea and its possible transfer to other organisms of this ecosystem. Of importance was also to reveal any likely routes for human BMAA exposure in the Baltic Sea region and to further investigate BMAA as a triggering agent for neurodegenerative diseases. Acknowledged difficulties of analysing BMAA in biological samples also inferred method development as part of the experimental studies. Investigating the role of BMAA in its producers was another purpose of the thesis, which may be crucial for future management of BMAA-producing cyanobacteria. By screening natural populations of the major filamentous bloom forming cyanobacteria of the Baltic Sea, we discovered the presence of BMAA throughout the entire summer season of two consecutive years, using a highly specific analytical method (liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; LC-MS/MS). BMAA was found to bioaccumulate in zooplankton and fish, as well as in mussels and oysters from the Swedish west coast. To improve the understanding of BMAA analyses in natural samples, the formation of carbamate adducts in the presence of bicarbonate was examined. Using two derivatization techniques in combination with LC-MS/MS, we could show that BMAA detection was not hindered by carbamate formation. Exogenously added BMAA inhibited nitrogen fixation in the model cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. PCC 7120, which was also hampered in growth and displayed signs of nitrogen starvation. Finally, BMAA was detected in cerebrospinal fluid in three of 25 Swedish test individuals, and represents the first confirmation of BMAA in the human central nervous system using LC-MS/MS as the primary analytical method. However, the association of BMAA to neurodegenerative diseases could not be verified as BMAA was present in both control individuals (two) and in one ALS-patient. Nevertheless, the finding of a known neurotoxic compound in the human central nervous system is alarming and potential consequences should be investigated. The discovery of the neurotoxic compound BMAA in Baltic Sea organisms, and in the central nervous system of humans potentially consuming fish from this ecosystem is concerning and warrants continued investigations of BMAA occurrence and human exposure. Further knowledge on the function and regulation of BMAA may help in developing strategies aiming to minimise human exposure.

At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: Manuscript.

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Luksaite, Arune. « A Case for International Socialisation : the Development of the National Role Conceptions of Latvia, Estonia and Lithuania in the Baltic Sea Region ». Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1650.

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When the Baltic States declared their independence in 1991, they did not become equal members of the international community in one day. Although the fall of the Berlin wall and the collapse of the Soviet Union declared the end to the Cold War, ideas, beliefs, prejudices and discourses were much harder to trigger. The study addresses the issues of newly independent states, establishing themselves in the international community, analysing the processes of learning in the interaction with the other international actors. By combining Role theory and Constructivism the author develops a framework to understand the development and change of Baltic States role conceptions. How have Baltic states perceived their role in the Baltic Sea region during the period 1993-2002? How has the western discourse treated them? What role did the application for the EU membership play in the process? What have been the individual and group features of the Baltic States? The study attempts to answer these and other questions through thediscourse analysis of public speeches.

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Zilinskaite, Emilija. « Is blue mussel farming a potential mitigation tool to combat eutrophication in the Baltic Sea ? A synthesis based on stakeholder interviews ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-385792.

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The Baltic Sea is the most polluted sea in the world. Its hydrological conditions and ongoing eutrophication are a high threat for marine biodiversity and ecosystems. Additionally, eutrophication has negative effects on the wellbeing of countries and their societies in the Baltic Sea Region (BSR). Actions to mitigate eutrophication in the Baltic Sea have been implemented through on-land measures in the last 40 years. Although the improvement in the marine environment is notable, it happens very slowly. In order to combat eutrophication, there is a need for a combination of on-land and in-situ measures. In this study, blue mussel farming practices are presented as one of the in-situ measures to combat eutrophication in the Baltic Sea. Blue mussel farming has been implemented in Sweden since the 1980s and has potential to not only mitigate the amounts of nutrients that accumulate in the sea but also brings a circular approach to resource use. In this study, stakeholders from four different sectors that are closely related to blue mussel farming practices and Baltic Sea issues have been interviewed with the aim of making a comprehensive analysis of stakeholder perceptions of blue mussel farming practices in the BSR. Interviewed stakeholders represent four different sectors - academia, entrepreneurs, municipalities and NGOs. A comprehensive analysis of stakeholders’ perceptions on blue mussel farming practises from environmental, social and economic perspective is presented. All interviewed stakeholders are actors in Sweden and represent Swedish perspective on blue mussel farming activities. Potential causes for different perceptions across sectors are discussed.

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Wooding, Jonathan M. « Communication and commerce along the western sealanes 400-800 AD ». Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1993. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/26639.

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This dissertation will examine evidence for communication and commerce between western Britain, Scotland, Ireland', their Continental and British neighbours, and the Mediterranean, in the period 400-800 AD. Parts of the terrain and subject of this enquiry have been covered in earlier, well-known studies by Heinrich Zimmer, Kuno Meyer and Joseph Vendryes, all of whom explored the evidence for 'direct' travel between Ireland and Gaul in this period, and by 0. G. S. Crawford and E. G. Bowen, who examined the early medieval evidence in wide-ranging studies of what they termed the 'western seaways'. Their sources and methods have figured more recently in studies of the 'Irish Sea Culture-Province' hypothesis4 and, most significantly, of the contacts indicated by imported ceramics identified on western British and Irish sites since the 1940s. Despite the considerable literature arising from these previous researches, however, a separate historical study integrating archaeological and textual sources to answer the basic question of who was coming and going from the western shores of Britain and Ireland in the period 400-800 AD, and by what means, is lacking. It has to a large degree been taken for granted that maritime exchange would have constantly flourished along the western seaboard, to be invoked whenever an explanation was required for the movement of ideas or objects between regions. The studies of Zimmer and Bowen, in particular, sought to identify communication models as the background to theses concerning the spread of culture to and from early medieval Britain and Ireland. Other investigations have discussed aspects of the subject with reference to Zimmer, sometimes adding new material in the case of Crawford, James and Thomas, but in other cases, such as studies by Boissonade, Vendryes and Lewis, chiefly repeating the core of references assembled by Zimmer. Accordingly, the desire of the cultural theorists to imagine constant trading links as a background to cultural exchange has been carried over into studies of economic history where, for example, Zimmer's 'Wine trade' model, a theory particular to his thesis of the spread of classical culture to Ireland, has cast a misleading spell over most subsequent studies, both historical and archaeological, and has deflected any questioning of the causal relationship between commerce and the travels of cultural practitioners such as scholars who travel on trading ships. In some cases, for example where monastic links may be involved in the formation of commercial links, possibly crucial relationships are obscured.

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Janik, Liliana. « Diversity and choice : a re-appraisal of social and ecological changes among the Mid-Holocene fisher-gatherer-hunters of the southeastern Baltic Sea region ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627260.

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Norgren, Elias. « Thinking outside the Baltic : Swedish ambitions in Norway at the height of the Great Power Era ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Historiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-445310.

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The purpose of this study is to examine the seldom researched Swedish geopolitical interests inNorway in the first half of the 17th century, with the brief 1658 conquest of Trondheim as itscentral event of inquiry. Through the study of privy council protocols and chancellor AxelOxenstierna’s correspondence, the study builds a case for the confluence of security, commerce, andthe concepts of nations as the influencing factors that shaped Swedish imperial foreign policy in thedecades leading up to the dramatic war of 1658, yielding a theoretical construction of the Empire’sBaltic doctrine, or the Oxenstierna doctrine, as an explanatory model for Sweden’s early modernexpansion patterns. Subsequently through understanding of the Empire’s expansionist rationaleleading up to 1658, the conquest of the Norwegian province of Trondheim is put in a new light ashaving been an interruptive and complicated re-imagining of what the Swedish Empire should be.

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Karaliūtė, Greta. « Pirmininkavimas Europos Sąjungai ir Baltijos jūros valstybių regioninis bendradarbiavimas ». Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20120607_111149-13466.

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Pirmininkavimas Europos Sąjungos (ES) Tarybai yra vienas iš būdų įgyvendinti bendrą ES politiką, bet valstybės narės siekia pasinaudoti šia pareigybe sprendžiant savo šaliai ar regionui aktualius klausimus. Besiplėtojantys ekonominiai, politiniai ir kultūriniai ryšiai Baltijos jūros regione gali atskleisti bendrus kaimyninių valstybių prioritetus formuojant ES Tarybos darbotvarkę. Šiame tyrime Baltijos jūros regionu laikomos Danija, Švedija, Suomija ir Lietuva. Šiaurės valstybės (Suomija, Švedija, Danija) ir Lietuva turi gana skirtingus socialinio ir ekonominio vystymosi modelius, todėl tai gali reikšti, jog jų regioniniai ryšiai gali būti ne tokie stiprūs kaip ryšiai su kitomis ES valstybėmis. Tai gali turėti įtakos valstybių laikysenai pirmininkaujant ES Tarybai. Šiame tyrime siekiama patvirtinti arba paneigti hipotezę, kad Baltijos jūros regiono valstybės pirmininkaudamos ES Tarybai sureikšmina vienus ir tuos pačius regionui svarbius klausimus. Tiriami Baltijos regiono valstybių paskutiniai pirmininkavimai (Suomijos 2006 m., Švedijos 2009 m., Danija pirmininkauja šiuo metu, 2012 m., o Lietuva pirmininkaus 2013 m. antrojoje pusėje). Pasirinktos energetikos, aplinkosaugos ir susisiekimo, sritys, kaip pagrindinės probleminės sferos skatinančios regioninį bendradarbiavimą. Remiantis šiomis politikos sritimis siekiama išsiaiškinti pirmininkavimo prioritetų ir regionalizmo ryšį bei išanalizuoti valstybių keliamų prioritetų bendrumus ir skirtumus.
The Presidency of the Council of the EU can be conceived as the one of tools implementing common policy of the EU. Member states try to profit this position meeting the issues relevant for their own country or region. Evolving economic, political and cultural relations in the Baltic Sea region may reveal a number of priorities of neighboring countries in shaping the agenda of the Council of the EU. In this research the Baltic Sea region means Denmark, Sweden, Finland and Lithuania. Nordic countries (Finland, Sweden, Denmark) and Lithuania have quite different social and economic development models, and this may cause that their regional ties may not be as strong as the relationship with other EU countries. This can affect the attitude of the country in presidency of the EU. This investigation aims to confirm or refute the hypothesis that the Baltic Sea region states chairing the EU Council at the central room put the same and one of the most important regional issues. It is analyzing the most recent presidencies of the Baltic Sea region states (Finland in 2006, Sweden in 2009, Denmark is chairing currently, 2012, and Lithuania will hold presidency in the second half of 2013). Particular policy areas are chosen, precisely energy, environment and transport, as the main problems leading to regional cooperation. Based on these policies the aim is to find the link between the presidency priorities and regionalism and to describe the commonalities and differences of it.

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Bierstedt, Svenja E. [Verfasser], et Hans Von [Akademischer Betreuer] Storch. « Decadal to centennial variability of daily wind over Northern Europe and its application to migrating dunes in the Baltic Sea region / Svenja E. Bierstedt. Betreuer : Hans von Storch ». Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1081768118/34.

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Bierstedt, Svenja E. Verfasser], et Hans von [Akademischer Betreuer] [Storch. « Decadal to centennial variability of daily wind over Northern Europe and its application to migrating dunes in the Baltic Sea region / Svenja E. Bierstedt. Betreuer : Hans von Storch ». Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:18-76995.

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Mockus, Artūras. « Nord Stream dujotiekio projektas ir Baltijos jūros regiono šalys ». Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080609_143441-88848.

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Pastaruoju metu nevengiama pabrėžti, kad keičiasi valstybių saugumo pobūdis ir grėsmių specifika – dažnai ir išsamiai kalbama apie tradicinių, karinių grėsmių reikšmės sumažėjimą ir naujo tipo grėsmių atsiradimą. Dar visai neseniai ryšys tarp energetikos ir užsienio bei saugumo politikos nebuvo nei toks akivaizdus, nei taip stipriai akcentuojamas. Tačiau per pastaruosius kelerius metus tarptautinė situacija dėl energijos apsirūpinimo smarkiai pasikeitė. Garantuotas energetinių išteklių tiekimas stabiliomis kainomis tapo rimta tarptautinių santykių problema. Europos Sąjungos priklausomybė nuo Rusijos energijos šaltinių ypač padidėjo. Jau šiuo metu apie 40 procentų dujų ir apie trečdalį naftos daugelis ES ��alių gauna iš Rusijos, kitos, sakykim, Lenkija ar Baltijos valstybės, – dar daugiau. Lietuva jau ir šiandien yra per daug priklausoma nuo Rusijos energetinių išteklių, o kai bus uždaryta Ignalinos atominė elektrinė, priklausomybė nuo išorinių šaltinių - o tai reiškia, nuo Rusijos - dar padidės. Rusijai ir Vokietijai Baltijos jūros dugnu nutiesus Šiaurės Europos dujotiekį, Lietuva taps dar labiau izoliuota Europos „energetinė sala”. ES nesugeba suformuoti vieningos ES energetinės politikos Rusijos atžvilgiu, nes dauguma ES narių vis dar yra linkusios palaikyti joms palankų dvišalį dialogą su Rusija, neretai neatsižvelgdamos į kaimyninių valstybių ar ES interesus plačiąja prasme. Dėl to atskirų ES valstybių energetinė priklausomybė nuo Rusijos yra linkusi didėti. Tuo pačiu... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Energy security is, at its essence, an issue of national security. Due to the power that energy-producing states have relative to transit and consumer countries, energy security must be understood in terms of geopolitics. The gas cutoff to Ukraine on January 1, 2006 is often called a “wake-up moment” for Europe, in other words, the point at which Europeans became aware of their over-dependence on Russian gas. Recognizing the risk, that East and Central Europe countries will have difficulty resisting Russian political and economic pressure, US Vice President Dick Cheney underlined on May 4 at the 2006 Vilnius Conference that “No legitimate interest is served when oil and gas become tools of intimidation or blackmail, either by supply manipulation or attempts to monopolize transportation.” That said, and while countries ranging from Central Asia to the Baltic Sea want to diversify their sources away from Russia, to date, there is still no coherent energy security policy in Europe or the US. Despite some recent efforts, a real common energy strategy of the European Union is still in the making. Every single EU-member has therefore opted for bilateral policies towards energy exporters in order to tackle mounting energy demands at a time when global hydrocarbon resources are slowly but steadily being depleted. Europe is wedged between energy producers in the North Sea, North Africa and the Middle East, but Russia has come to be one of the most interesting exporters of energy to... [to full text]

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Öberg, Maria, Kristina L. Nilsson et Charlotta M. Johansson. « Complementary governance for sustainable development in transport : The European TEN-T Core network corridors ». Elsevier, 2018. https://publish.fid-move.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A73231.

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When implementing major European transport corridors, such as the Core network corridors (CNC) which is a part of the European Trans-European Network for Transports (TEN-T), the number of stakeholders affected is huge. A governance framework for the CNC’s implementation was introduced in EU Regulation No. 1315/2013, and is now being enacted. Sustainable development and stakeholder involvement are crucial areas in the implementation. This interview study investigated the need for complementary governance, here meaning governance in addition to the governance framework set in the regulation. The interviews involved 23 individuals from the Baltic Sea Region, who are affiliated to the four categories public authority, infrastructure organisation/company, private company and other organisation. The results confirm the importance of an inclusive approach. Further, the results showed a need to ensure that all three social, economic and ecological dimensions of sustainability are considered. Summarising the interview results, four areas for attention in the further CNC implementation process were identified: more and directed information, extended involvement of private sector transport stakeholders, extended involvement of regional and local stakeholders, and involvement of stakeholders located geographically outside the immediate corridor. Complementary governance can be a tool to address these areas, as governance structures and processes can involve stakeholders and steer towards desired outcomes. The interviewees own ideas for complementary governance are presented in this paper. The CNC implementation is currently an on-going process and these results will be further utilised in the process, as a basis for stakeholder discussions of changes in practice.

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Zickermann, Kathrin. « Across the German sea : Scottish commodity exchange, network building and communities in the wider Elbe-Weser region in the early modern period ». Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/958.

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This thesis analyses the commercial, maritime and military relations between Scotland and the cities and territories in the North Western parts of the Holy Roman Empire during the early modern period; specifically Hamburg, Bremen, the Swedish duchies of Bremen and Verden, Danish Altona and Braunschweig-Lüneburg. Having identified anomalies in the histories of these locations, and bringing a more international dimension to them, my study tackles a remarkable understudied geo-political location. The core of my research identifies the immigration of Scots and the establishment of commercial networks within a region rather than an individual territory, highlighting contact across political borders. This region differed significantly from other places in Northern Europe in that it did not maintain an ethnically distinct Scottish community enforcing and encouraging interaction with the indigenous German population and other foreigners such as the English Merchant Adventurers in Hamburg. The survey reveals that despite the lack of such a community the region was of commercial significance to Scots as evidenced by the presence of individual Scottish merchants, factors and entrepreneurs whose trade links stretched far beyond their home country. Significantly, these Scots present in mercantile capacities were demonstrably linked to their countrymen who frequented the region as diplomats and soldiers who frequently resided in the neutral cities of Bremen and Hamburg. Some of these Scots within the Swedish army were of importance in the administration of Swedish Bremen-Verden while others fought for Braunschweig-Lüneburg. Their presence encouraged chain migration, particularly offering shelter to Scottish political exiles in the later seventeenth century. Analysing the collective role of these men and the relationships between them, this thesis highlights the overall significance of the wider Elbe-Weser region to the Scots and vice versa, filling a gap in our understanding of the Scottish Diaspora in the early modern period, and broadening our understanding of the region itself.

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Clare, Tom. « Monuments, society and the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition, with particular reference to Cumbria and the northern Irish Sea region ». Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2011. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/6099/.

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This thesis argues that henges, stone circles and ring cairns form a 'spectrum' of monuments with origins in the earlier Neolithic. In that context it is suggested that some of the structures located beneath long cairns were originally free standing foci. How the monuments might reflect contemporary society is discussed and it is shown that some standing stones might have been the focus for gatherings of people as large as those suggested for henges and stone circles. Evidence is presented showing that there appears to have been a continuity of traditions and world view from the Early Neolithic into the Late Neolithic and beyond. Similarly the distribution of later monuments appears to relate to Early Neolithic core areas which continued to be important and linked to 'status'. The relationship of the monuments to particular aspects of the environment is explored and it is shown that wetland environments, including floodplains, are a major feature in the location of the early foci. It is concluded that these would have been important resource areas in the Mesolithic as well as Early Neolithic with implications for our understanding of the Mesolithic -Neolithic transition.

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Sharp, Roger Stephen. « The outside image : a comparative study of external architectural display on Middle Byzantine structures on the Black Sea littoral ». Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3013/.

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This study is concerned with the manner in which Byzantium manifested itself through the exterior of its buildings. The focus is the Black Sea from the ninth century to the eleventh. Three cities are examined. Each had imperial attention: Amastris for imperial defences; Mesembria, a border city and the meeting place for diplomats: Cherson, a strategic outpost and focal point of Byzantine proselytising. There were two forms of external display; one, surface ornament and surface modelling, the other through the arrangement of masses and forms. A more nuanced division can be discerned linked with issues of purpose and audience. The impulse to display the exterior can be traced to building practice at imperial level in the capital in the early ninth century. Surface ornament continued to be linked with the display of secular authority. Display through structure was developed in Cherson and the north Black Sea region to project the presence of Orthodoxy and was closely associated with conversion activity. By the end of the tenth century, through that external presentation, the form of the church building had itself become symbolic. External display can be seen as a vehicle for the expression of regional forms and evidence for the tenacity of local building “dialects”.

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Boyd, Lauren Winifred Emily Bartek Louis Robert. « Contrasting sub-ice shelf, subglacial and glaciomarine deposition at the Ross Ice Shelf edge implications for the glacial history of the Ross Sea Region, Antarctica / ». Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2075.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Feb. 17, 2009). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in the Department of Geological Sciences." Discipline: Geology; Department/School: Geological Sciences.

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Fraudet, Xavier. « Politique étrangère francaise en mer Baltique (1871-1914) : De l'exclusion à l'affirmation ». Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Historiska institutionen, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-405.

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This thesis is a contribution to the study of French foreign policy in the time of “old diplomacy” in Northern Europe. Aiming to fill a gap, the object of investigation is French foreign policy in the Baltic area between 1871 and 1914 (from the French defeat during the Franco-Prussian War to the outbreak of the First World War). Particular attention is directed at the assets of the French diplomacy at work in the Baltic Sea: naval military planning, financial loans and culture. Since the period was dominated by the diplomatic isolation that Bismarck had placed France with the aim to prevent her from creating any kind of alliance to embark in a war of revenge against Germany, France carried out a policy of making ententes and alliances in order to break out from this isolation. However, in her attempt to emerge, France was challenged by Germany especially in relations with Denmark and Sweden. Although French foreign policy was able to use the loan as an instrument to secure a success with Russia by establishing a military treaty in 1892, but France did not succeed to attract and influence Sweden in the same way because of the risk of her turning to Germany. Also strongly challenged by Germany in Denmark, French foreign policy could not stop the willingness of Denmark to adopt a policy of neutrality. But, because of her intervention between Russia and Great Britain in the Dogger Bank incident in 1904, French diplomacy succeeded to gain the support of the British fleet in the case of a naval war in the Baltic Sea for operations against the German coast. Bringing together Russia and Great Britain for a naval cooperation in the case of a war in the Baltic Sea was, without any doubt, not only the most audacious and difficult task for French foreign policy, but also a sign of its strong revival. However, this Russo-British naval cooperation could not be converted into practice because of the geographical specificities of the Baltic Sea and the difficulties of naval military planning. Adressing this aspect, this thesis reveals the fundamental mistakes of the naval theoreticians who were defending naval theories based on land military theories and experiences.

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Johansson, Gustav, et Fredrik Söderlund. « How to ensure that the nightmare won’t happen again : Bankernas nyckeltal, kapitalstruktur och riskreglering i ett konjunkturperspektiv ». Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Business Studies, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-3173.

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Syftet är att evaluera Baselramverkets riskreglering i en konjunkturcykel med hänsyn till Östersjöregionens storbankers systemviktiga funktion.

Studien antar främst en kvantitativ ansats i de två första delarna, nyckeltalsanalysen och buffertsimuleringen men även en kvalitativ ansats antas i den tredje delen, intervjuer.

Studien utgår från teorierna om Basel I och Basel II, nyckeltalsteori samt från tidigare forskning.

Resultatet i studien består av nyckeltalanalys och simulering av åtta, i Östersjöregionen verksamma, bankers nyckeltal och buffert under 21 år samt sex djupintervjuer med representanter för såväl banker som regulatorer.

Slutsatser

Att det inte finns något samband mellan Baselregleringens kapitaltäckning och bankernas risk eller konjunktur, att riskvägningen tenderar till att vara godtycklig och har större påverkan på buffert än Baselregleringens kapitaltäckning samt att mer transparens behövs i bankerna tyder på att Baselregleringens kapitaltäckningskrav i mycket liten utsträckning visar Östersjöregionens storbankers faktiska risk.

The purpose is to evaluate the Basel framework risk regulation in an economic cycle, in account to the systemic function of the large banks in the Baltic Sea region.

The study mainly adopts a quantitative approach in the two first parts, the key ratio analysis and the buffer simulation. A qualitative element is also implemented in the third part, interviews.

In a theoretical perspective the study is based on the Basel I and Basel II framework, key ratio theories and previously conducted research.

The result consists of key ratios analysis and buffer simulation for eight banks in the Baltic Sea region for a period of 21 years and interviews with six representatives of banks and regulatory institutions.

Conclusion

The absence of correlation between the Basel regulation capital adequacy and the bank risk nor economic cycle, that risk weighting tends to be arbitrary and have greater impact on bank buffer than capital adequacy regulation has, and that more transparency is needed in banking; suggests that the Basel capital adequacy to a small extent reflect actual risk.

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Feldmann, Eellend Beate. « Visionära planer och vardagliga praktiker : Postmilitära landskap i Östersjöområdet ». Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för etnologi, religionshistoria och genusvetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-89277.

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In the years after WWII the Baltic Sea Area developed into an area strongly divided between East and West. Because of the tensions between the blocs, the coastal areas where strongly militarized and prepared for war. The new political situation after 1989 propelled an international military disarmament and closing down of bases, training areas around Europe. Since the Baltic Sea Area was one of the heaviest militarized part of Europe the question of disarmament here is of particularly great economic, social and cultural importance. This study is about the post-military landscape in the Baltic Sea Area with examples from Dejevo on the Estonian island Saaremaa, Dranske on the (East)German island Rügen and Fårösund on the Swedish island Gotland. The aim of this thesis is to shed light on the process where the military landscape of the Cold War is transformed in order to be incorporated in the macro-regional endeavors for unity in the new Europe. I want to analyze the implications that planning visions have on the everyday life of people. A following aim is to shed light on the challenges that urban planning has to face in this transformation. Three research questions frame the study. The first question analyzes the process where the coastal areas of the Baltic Sea after the end of the Cold War are disarmed and transformed, from a landscape of production of military services and objects into a landscape of consumption for recreation and tourism. The second question takes its point of departure in the relation between planning visions and everyday life. The third question concerns the matter of the past and analyzes what aspects of the military landscape are emphasized respectively pushed aside in the transformation into post-military landscape. The study is based on interviews with inhabitants and local planners as well as macro-regional and local planning documents, articles and photographs.

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Manske, Maike. « La mer Baltique comme destination de voyages : l'espace baltique à travers les récits de voyages français et allemands (1750-1815) ». Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON30089/document.

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Dans les récits de voyages des années 1800, la région de la mer Baltique est présentée commeun espace de découverte diversifié – c’est en quelque sorte un patchwork multicolore deconstructions imagologiques. Pourtant, la conception d’une région de la mer Baltique étaitdéjà fondée à l’époque de la «Sattelzeit» sur le besoin de pouvoir situer les riverains de la merBaltique comme une unité culturelle, quelque part dans le grand Nord. Dans l’imaginationdes voyageurs en 1800, la région de la mer Baltique est en fait déjà cet espace d’interactionset d’imbrications qui constitue la base évidente des approches modernes de la recherche.Bien sûr, il y avait les divers royaumes, provinces ou villes qui jouèrent un rôle pour lesvoyageurs. Cela ne signifie pourtant pas qu’il soit impossible de retrouver dans les récits devoyages certains points communs, manifestés sous forme d’un caractère «nordique»supérieur de ces riverains. C’est pourquoi ce caractère «nordique» est sans cesse exprimédans les récits de voyages à partir de divers niveaux de perception – dans la description de lanature, de la mer, du climat, mais aussi dans les perceptions des villes et les rencontresculturelles. Par conséquent, la littérature de voyage indique une tendance qui est égalementimportant pour la recherche historique actuelle: une évaluation de la région de la merBaltique comme un macro-région unique, qui accepte aussi les différences dans leursdifférents pays et régions
This Franco-German analysis examines the Baltic Sea region as a center for cultural exchangebased on German and French travel reports from 1750 to 1815 in a comparative perspective.The objective is to examine the countries around the Baltic Sea as places of encounter fortravelers and to raise the awareness of historical travel research and research of culturalexchange for the subject ‘space’. This approach scrutinizes several forms of German andFrench imaginations of nature, sea shore and different forms of urbanity, but also theperception and reception of identities and alterities, the consolidation and the departure ofstereotypes as well as the possibilities and limits of cultural transfer processes by travelling.Furthermore, this approach allows to gain a deeper understanding of the progress of complexphenomena such as, ‘percipience', 'contemplation' and 'delineating' of foreign cultures in aperiod which was marked by a radical change in socio-political and cultural thinking

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Winker, Charles David 1952. « Neogene stratigraphy of the Fish Creek-Vallecito section, southern California : implications for early history of the northern Gulf of California and Colorado Delta ». Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/191123.

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The Fish Creek-Vallecito section is the most stratigraphically complete and structurally intact Neogene exposure in the Salton Trough, and thus provides a useful reference section for regional stratigraphie revision and historical interpretation of the early Gulf of California and Colorado Delta. The section comprises a marine sequence (Imperial Formation) bracketed by nonmarine units (Split Mountain and Alverson Formations below, Palm Spring Formation and Canebrake Conglomerate above). Recognition of distinct suites of locally-derived and Colorado River-derived sediment, combined with sedimentological evidence, led to revision of this sequence in terms of informal members and geneticstratigraphic units: (1) pre-rift braided-stream deposits (2) syn-rift fanglomerates and volcanics, with local pre-marine evaporites; (3) pre-deltaic marine units, deposited primarily as small fan deltas; a progradational sequence of the ancestral Colorado delta, consisting of (4) an upward-shoaling marine sequence, and (5) a nonmarine deltaplain sequence; (6) lacustrine units; and (7) locally-derived basinmargin alluvium that interfingers with (4), (5) and (6). Neogene palinspastic base maps for paleogeographic mapping were based on displacement histories for the Pacific-North American plate boundary and its constituent faults. The tectonic-sedimentary history consists of: (1) early to middle Miocene rifting that propagated southward from southern California to the Gulf mouth; (2) northward marine transgression of the rift basin, reaching southern California by the late Miocene; (3) development of the San Andreas-Gulf of California transform boundary by inboard transfer of intraplate slip; (4) earliest Pliocene initiation of the lower Colorado River and Delta by rapid epeirogenic uplift of the Bouse Embayment; and (5) late Pliocene or Pleistocene transpressive uplift in the western Salton Trough caused by outboard transfer of slip from the San Andreas fault. The stratigraphic succession in the western Salton Trough resulted largely from tectonic transport through a series of paleoenvironments anchored to the North American plate by the entry point of the Colorado River.

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Fournier, Mélanie. « L'apport de l'imagerie satellitale à la surveillance maritime. Contribution géographique et géopolitique ». Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00829998.

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Que l'on se situe dans les Caraïbes, en mer Baltique ou en mer Méditerranée, bassins à la fois stratégiques, fragiles et inégaux, il reste crucial pour les Etats riverains d'y établir une surveillance des activités légales et illégales. Nous avons sélectionné ces bassins maritimes comme terrain d'analyse de notre recherche qui repose sur l'étude des grands projets européens dédiés à la surveillance maritime. Ce travail vise d'abord à proposer un état de l'art : il cherche à établir une synthèse des services proposés par les grands industriels travaillant sur les marchés civils et militaires et à évaluer dans quelle mesure il serait possible d'améliorer et de compléter les technologies existantes. Il a aussi pour objectif d'évaluer les informations recueillies via une image satellitale par l'établissement d'un historique des outils d'observation utilisés pour la surveillance maritime avec leurs caractéristiques, leurs avantages et inconvénients.

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Nilsson, Susanna. « Managing water according to river basins : Information management, institutional arrangements and strategic policy support - with focus on the EU Water Framework Directive ». Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of Land and Water Resources Engineering, Royal Institute of Engineering, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4183.

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Vaghoor, Saleh Kashani. « Regelverk för en hamnoperatör : I Östersjöområdet ». Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-23309.

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The following study that is the regulatory settings for a port operator has been conducted with the intention to comprehend and highlight the different regulatory settings appropriate for the sea ports in order to ensure safe, reliable and efficient trade and transportations practices at sea ports. The area of focus of this research work was towards the Baltic Sea region ports where the researcher focused on the evaluating the regulatory settings for four different ports in order to compare and contrast each other with the intention to validate every port follows certain regulations. The researcher with the support of secondary quantitative study with the deductive research approach has intended to answer the problem of this research work. The findings of this study have suggested that different regulations on the basis of the international conventions are strongly considered by the range of ports especially Port of Gdansk, Port of Helsinki, Port of Tallinn and Rostock ports that have examined. Nevertheless, there were also some regulations which not all the ports were following thereby confirming all the ports follow certain regulations which are in accordance with their changing scenarios.

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Salamonik, Michał. « In Their Majesties’ Service : The Career of Francesco De Gratta (1613-1676) as a Royal Servant and Trader in Gdańsk ». Doctoral thesis, Södertörns högskola, Historia, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-32304.

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This study analyses the administrative and economic career of Francesco De Gratta (1613–1676) as Royal Postmaster, Royal Secretary, and trader within the postal and fiscal systems of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. This investigation focuses mainly on his network and career strategies and is based on various sources from a number of European archives and libraries, mainly those situated in Italy, Poland and Germany. The study presents the family De Gratta and the familial social actions that Francesco used in order to root his children and family in the Polish-Lithuanian noble culture. Next, the analysis shows that the career of Francesco De Gratta was inextricably correlated with the establishment of the early modern royal postal system in Gdańsk (the city of Gdańsk fulfilled an important bridging role within the Poland-Lithuanian Commonwealth) as well as his close contacts with different Polish kings and queens. The career followed distinct stages, tying him ever closer with the Crown, the nobility as well as the merchants in Gdańsk. It all started with his position as Head Postmaster in Gdańsk, in 1654. In 1661, he became Postmaster General of Royal Prussia, Courland, Semigallia and Livonia. After these initial steps, Francesco immersed in creditor activities and close contacts with the Royal Prussian cities, royal authorities, and not the least different Polish mint masters. He also got involved in the potash trade with his later son-in-law Jan Wawrzyniec Wodzicki, first as his factor and later as a co-owner of Wodzicki’s company. The study finally traces his social and economic advancement by the analysis of Francesco De Gratta’s legacies and their importance for his heirs’ social status. The summary compares the career of Francesco De Gratta with that of other postmasters and mint masters of Italian origin in Poland-Lithuania.
Denna studie analyserar Francesco De Grattas (1613-1676) ekonomiska och administrativa karriär som kunglig postmästare, kunglig sekreterare och köpman i det polsk-litauiska samväldet. Denna undersökning är främst inriktad på nätverks- och karriärsanalys och bygger på olika arkivkällor från en rad europeiska arkiv och bibliotek, främst från Italien, Polen och Tyskland. Studien presenterar familjen De Gratta och de familjära sociala strategier som Francesco använde för att förankra sin familj i det polsk-litauiska samväldets adelskultur. Därefter visar analysen att De Grattas karriär kan förstås mot bakgrund av upprättandet av det tidigmoderna kungliga postsystemet i Gdańsk (Gdańsk hade en viktig överbryggande roll inom Polen-Litauen), liksom hans nära kontakter med olika polska kungar och drottningar. Hans karriär följde olika distinkta steg som möjliggjorde för honom att närma sig kronan, adeln och köpmännen i Gdańsk. År 1654 blev han huvudpostmästare i Gdańsk och 1661 fick han ämbetet som huvudpostmästare för Kungliga Preussen, Kurland, Semgallen och Livland. Senare utvecklade Francesco De Gratta sin kreditverksamhet parallellt med utbyggnaden av sitt kontaktnätverk med kungliga preussiska städer, kungliga myndigheter och inte minst olika polska myntmästare. Han blev också involverad i handel med pottaska (kaliumkarbonat) tillsammans med sin svärson Jan Wawrzyniec Wodzicki, först som hans agent och senare som delägare i Wodzickis företag. Slutligen spårar studien Francesco De Grattas sociala och ekonomiska framåtskridande genom en analys av hans arv och dess betydelse för hans arvingars sociala status. Sammanfattningsvis jämförs Francesco De Grattas karriär med andra postmästare och myntmästare av italienskt ursprung i Polen-Litauen.
Information Infrastructure in the Baltic Area. Nodes, News and News Agents, c. 1650 - 1700

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Thèses sur le sujet « Baltic Sea Region – History »

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