Thèses : « Balconi »

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Bracone, Nicola. « Isolamento termico di balconi a sbalzo realizzati con giunto termico : analisi con un modello di calcolo agli elementi finiti e studio della trasmittanza termica lineare ». Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020.

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L' argomento principale della tesi è il calcolo del valore della trasmittanza termica lineare di un ponte termico balcone-solaio isolato termicamente da un giunto termico. Dopo una prima definizione di ponte termico, segue un’analisi dei vari metodi utilizzati per smorzare gli effetti provocati. Per ricavare questo valore sono state analizzate e seguite le linee guida definite nelle normative di riferimento. E' stato utilizzato il software TRISCO, strumento digitale utilizzato per l’analisi termica dei componenti edilizi, con il quale verranno analizzati otto modelli di balcone a sbalzo differenziati nella stratigrafia della parete, balcone e la presenza o meno del giunto termico. Si concluderà con un confronto tra i risultati ottenuti dall’ analisi dei vari modelli proposti ed una verifica termoigrometrica sullo spigolo parete-solaio evidenziando l’efficacia ed i benefici derivanti dall’utilizzo di un giunto termico proponendo il metodo migliore di isolamento termico da adottare su edifici esistenti e di nuova costruzione.

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Lee, Jun-yu Phoebe, et 李俊妤. « Balcony romance : stage distance andclosure ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B36763159.

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Guza, Morisa <1992&gt. « L'Influenza della Turchia nei Balcani ». Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/10104.

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Il legame tra la Turchia e i Balcani nel corso dei secoli comprende un lungo cammino di storia che ha segnato il loro destini. Così come la penisola balcanica costituiva il cuore della dinastia Ottomana, oggi questa regione rappresenta una delle priorità principali nell’agenda della politica estera turca. Questo ritorno della Turchia nei Balcani risale tra gli anni Ottanta e Novanta, periodo in cui la maggior parte dei paesi Balcanici si troveranno immersi in una situazione drammatica a seguito della disgregazione della ex Jugoslavia. Questa tesi esamina il recente attivismo della Turchia nei confronti della regione e in particolare dei Balcani occidentali a partire dal post-guerra fredda e fino a trovare la sua piena realizzazione durante l’era Erdoğan-Davutoğlu, segnando una svolta nella politica estera turca. Tuttavia, l’influenza della Turchia nella regione non è confinata al contesto politico, ma è imperniato su prospettive diverse che includono il campo economico, culturale, educativo nonché storico e religioso, attraverso cui il soft power turco promuove l’immagine e la popolarità del paese. Inoltre, tenendo in considerazione il cammino verso le porte dell’Europa il quale costituisce un obiettivo comune alle due parti, risulterà costruttivo esaminare le relazioni turco-balcaniche alla luce del processo di allargamento europeo. Nel tentativo di tracciare possibili scenari futuri, questo elaborato cercherà di analizzare se tale politica estera proattiva ed assertiva della Turchia nei Balcani costituisce una presenza complementare insieme a quella dell’Unione Europea o piuttosto rappresenta una potenziale fonte di tensione tra Ankara e Bruxelles.

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Lee, Jun-yu Phoebe. « Balcony romance stage distance and closure / ». Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36763159.

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Ilincic, Natasa <1990&gt. « Il tatuaggio tradizionale femminile nei Balcani ». Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/9300.

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Questa tesi tratta il tatuaggio tradizionale nella penisola balcanica, e nello specifico il tatuaggio tradizionale femminile presso la popolazione croato bosniaca della Bosnia ed Erzegovina, qui chiamato bocanje o sicanje. Tradizione già presente presso la popolazione autoctona illirica, essa si è mantenuta a seguito delle migrazioni slave e della cristianizzazione, conservando la propria forma ma adattandosi ad un nuovo contesto. Utilizzato come segno di distinzione e riconoscimento etnico-religioso durante l'occupazione Ottomana o come semplice decorazione, il tatuaggio presenta simbologie precristiane, legate alla sfera della natura: raffigurazioni schematiche di croci, elementi circolari con raggi, ramoscelli, motivi vegetali, bracciali. La sua esecuzione, in età prepuberale e puberale, è possibile fosse legata a riti di passaggio all'età adulta. Tale ipotesi è supportata dal periodo in cui il tatuaggio veniva realizzato, esclusivamente primaverile e prossimo all'equinozio. La mia ricerca su campo è stata condotta nel territorio di Jajce, in Bosnia centrale, dove ho raccolto interviste e materiale fotografico, incontrando le ultime portatrici di questa tradizione che, a seguito della Seconda Guerra Mondiale, si è gradualmente spenta.

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Lagurgue, Xavier. « La végétalisation verticale des bâtiments : vers une écoesthétique du vivant ». Thesis, Paris 10, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA100045.

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Les « murs végétalisés » permettent, avec une très faible emprise au sol, de renforcer la végétalisation des milieux urbains. Ils contribuent, au même titre que les toitures végétalisées, à l’adaptation des villes au changement climatique, à la résorption des îlots de chaleur, à la lutte contre l’effondrement de la biodiversité. Il existe de nombreux types de murs végétalisés, des plus artificiels et des plus onéreux sur lesquels les végétaux poussent en hydroponie, quasiment sans substrat, aux plus spontanés qui se développent naturellement en dehors de toute intervention humaine, dans les joints des matériaux de construction. Cette thèse traite à la fois d’architecture et d’écologie dans la perspective d’une cohabitation avec la végétation sur les parties verticales des bâtiments. Alors que les pensées contemporaines de la nature renouvellent les rapports d’appartenance entre l’homme et son environnement, l’architecture tarde encore à s’engager dans cette voie. L’enjeu est d’étudier la capacité du bâti à accueillir sur ses surfaces extérieures une nature aussi autonome que possible, qui ne coûte rien ou peu et apporte à la ville de multiples services écologiques. La première partie dresse un état de l’art, un inventaire des moyens et techniques et une classification des figures architecturales des modalités de végétalisation verticale des bâtiments. La deuxième partie de la thèse est consacrée à trois études de terrain concernant les plantes rudérales, les balcons végétalisés, les murs végétalisés, ainsi qu’à la discussion des résultats. L’aboutissement ouvre l’hypothèse qu’humains et non-humains partagent une « écoesthétique du vivant » qui les relie dans un environnement commun et qui constitue une nouvelle perspective pour l’écologie architecturale
With a very small footprint, “green walls” allow to reinforce the greening of urban areas. They contribute, in the same way as vegetated roofs, to the adaptation of cities to climate change, to the resorption of heat islands, to the fight against the collapse of biodiversity. There are many types of green walls, from the most artificial and the most expensive on which plants grow in hydroponics, almost without substrate, to the most spontaneous which develop naturally without any human intervention, in the joints of building materials. This thesis deals with both architecture and ecology in the perspective of cohabitation with vegetation on the vertical parts of buildings. While contemporary thoughts of nature renew the relationships of belonging between man and his environment, architecture is still slow to embark on this path. The aim is to study the capacity of the building to accommodate on its exterior surfaces a nature as autonomous as possible, which costs nothing or little, and provides the city with multiple ecological services. The first part presents a state of the art, an inventory of the means and techniques and a classification of the architectural figures of the methods of vertical vegetation of the buildings. The second part of the thesis is devoted to three field studies on ruderal plants, vegetated balconies, green walls, as well as to the discussion of the results. The outcome leads to the hypothesis that humans and non-humans share a «eco-aesthetics of the living» that connects them in a common environment and that constitutes a new perspective for architectural ecology

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Cavaliere, Salvatore <1985&gt. « L’italiano nei Balcani occidentali : tra comunicazione interculturale e didattica ». Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/10302.

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L’obiettivo della presente ricerca di dottorato è indagare, in riferimento a un’ampia area dell’ex Jugoslavia composta dagli stati nazionali della Bosnia ed Erzegovina, della Croazia, del Montenegro e della Serbia, aspetti di natura didattica legati al processo di insegnamento-apprendimento dell’italiano come lingua straniera e le principali problematiche di natura comunicativa interculturale in grado di emergere nelle interazioni tra italiani da una parte e bosniaci, croati, montenegrini e serbi dall’altra. Riguardo a quest’ultimo aspetto, è stata condotta un’indagine, che si è giovata della collaborazione di 19 informant, finalizzata a far luce sui principali aspetti di natura culturale, legati nello specifico ai valori di fondo che influenzano la comunicazione, all’uso dei linguaggi verbali e non verbali e alla gestione di determinati eventi comunicativi, che, se non tenuti adeguatamente in considerazione dagli interlocutori, potrebbero creare problemi di comunicazione interculturale anche di notevole entità tra italiani e slavi del sud. Inoltre, la progressiva messa a fuoco nel corso degli anni di ricerca dottorale di uno specifico focus di indagine più classicamente legato alla realizzazione di interventi didattici nella classe di italiano come lingua seconda o straniera ha portato alla progettazione e alla realizzazione di un’indagine focalizzata sul trattamento dell’errore orale, condotta, nel caso specifico della presente ricerca, con apprendenti di madrelingua serba dell’università di Banja Luka (Bosnia ed Erzegovina). In particolare, la finalità di tale studio era quella verificare l’impatto sull’apprendimento linguistico del modo congiuntivo di due diverse mosse correttive: il feedback metalinguistico e la correzione esplicita unita alla presentazione di un’informazione metalinguistica.

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Pirhosseinloo, Hengameh. « habiter la façade : la conquête d'une épaisseur sensible : les dispositifs de façade épaisse dans les logements collectifs des écoquartiers : ocnception architecturale et ambiances ». Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAH019.

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Dans le contexte actuel des conceptions et réalisations architecturales, la façade s’est éloignée de sa traditionnelle fonction de mur séparateur filtrant la lumière, pour se diversifier en une variété d’espaces de plus en plus complexes, gagnant de ce fait même une épaisseur modulable. Les balcons, loggias, terrasses, coursives, issues de différentes cultures, déclinent aujourd’hui de nouvelles propositions spatiales, ambiantales et comportementales. L’hypothèse générale de cette thèse est que l’ensemble de ces espaces intermédiaires regroupés sous l’intitulé de dispositifs de façade épaisse (DFE) participe pleinement à la conception et au vécu du logement contemporain. Les DFE appartiennent à la famille des « espaces intermédiaires », c’est à dire des lieux caractérisant la zone transitionnelle séparant deux espaces aux degrés d’intimité différents, aménageant les liens intérieur/extérieur, permettant des porosités avec les éléments naturels, le voisinage, le contexte urbain ou le grand territoire. Par définition, les DFE agissent comme interfaces génératrices d’expériences sensorielles et sensibles. L’analyse de trois écoquartiers (à Grenoble et à Paris) permet d’explorer la variété typologique des bâtis ; la diversité des rôles attribués par les résidents aux DFE témoigne : surface supplémentaire à celle du logement, sas d’entrée dans l’espace privé, espace représentatif pour le bâti, filtre régulateur des facteurs ambiantaux, modularité de l’intimité et augmentation de la qualité de vie du logement… En conclusion, la thèse montre comment l’étude des ambiances des DFE permet de mettre à jour les enjeux transversaux et contemporains de la conception de ce type d’espaces intermédiaires, en proposant plusieurs champs d’interrogation aux concepteurs : un DFE dans son contexte, un espace à forte appropriation modulable, un accès à la nature, un espace de jeu pour les cinq sens, un lieu intime et un lieu convivial. Concevoir le logement et penser les ambiances des DFE à travers cette grille devient alors pour le concepteur une démarche d’élargissement et d’enrichissement de son projet d’habitation.Mots-clés : Interface épaisse, Balcon, Loggia, Terrasse, Coursive, Ambiances, Appropriation, Habiter, Modularité, Ecoquartier, Techno-sensible
In the current context of architectural design and developments, the facade shifted away from its traditional function of dividing, light-filtering wall. It is now diversified in an array of increasingly complex spaces, thus growing in adjustable thickness. Balconies, loggias, terraces, corridors, all stemming from different cultures, developed nowadays new spatial, environmental and behavioural propositions. The general hypothesis of this thesis is that the ensemble of intermediary spaces (balconies, loggias, terraces, corridors), brought together under the name “Thick facade devices” (TFD), fully takes part in the design and the experience of contemporary housing. TFDs belong to the “intermediary spaces” family, i.e. places characterising a transition area that separates two spaces with two different degrees of intimacy, establishing connections between the inside and the outside, enabling permeability with natural elements, neighbours, the urban context or the bigger territory. By definition, TFDs work as interfaces that generate sensory and perceptible experience. The analysis of three eco-districts (in Grenoble and Paris) allows to explore the typological variety of the built environment ; the diversity in the roles given to the TFDs by the residents is telling: additional surface to the housing, entrance hall into the house, representative space for the building, regulating filter of the ambiance factors, modularity of intimacy and increase of the place’s quality of life. In conclusion, the thesis shows how the study of TFD ambiances can highlight cross-cutting and contemporary challenges regarding the design of intermediary spaces. Several questions are proposed to designers : TFDs in his context, a space with strong adjustable appropriation, an access to nature, an area to play with the five senses, an intimate and convivial place. For the architect, designing housing and considering the TFDs’ ambiances through this grid thus becomes a strategy to expand and enhance his housing project.Keyword: thick interface, balcony, loggia, terrace, corridor, ambiances, appropriation, inhabiting, modularity, ecodistrict, techno-sensitive

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Tiong, Ho Yong. « Numerical Modelling of Unchannelled Balcony Spill Plumes using using FDS 5 ». Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil Engineering, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8178.

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Currently there is limited design guidance for calculation that involves an unchannelled balcony spill plume. The current guidance for unchannelled spill plume can be obtained from CIBSE (TM19) and BS PD 7974 (Part 2). The guidance is a result of an analysis performed by Law (1995) on a set of experiments performed by Hansell et al (1993). Recently a series of unchannelled balcony spill plume experiments have been performed by Harrison (2009) at 1/10th-scale as part of a research project. Harrison (2009) developed a simplified design formula to calculate the mass flow rate from unchannelled spill plume. Results from Harrison suggested that an unchannelled balcony spill plume is a complex problem and his experiments were limited by the experimental facility. Harrison (2009) recommended that this problem should be supported with computer modelling for design. Research from Harrison (2009) also resulted in a correlation that can be used to calculate the effective width of an unchannelled balcony spill plume. This research is primarily a numerical simulation of the unchannelled balcony spill plume using Fire Dynamics Simulator 5 version 5.3.0 (FDS 5). FDS 5 was used to model unchannelled balcony spill plume experiments performed by Harrison (2009) at 1/10th-scale. Results from Harrison‟s (2009) experiment were used to verify the results from the FDS simulation. A good match was obtained between experimental results and FDS simulation results. The 1/10th-scale model was extended to full-scale using the scaling laws. Then, the model was used to perform a series of unchannelled balcony spill plume simulations with variables of balcony breadth, compartment opening, fire size and height of rise of the spill plume. Mass flow rate readings from simulations were used to improve the effective width correlations developed by Harrison and an improved effective width correlation was developed. Unchannelled balcony spill plume mass flow rate prediction with the revised effective width correlation was compared with mass flow rate predictions using the effective width correlation from Law (1995) and Harrison (2009).

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Sorrentino, C. « FILODINAMICA E FILOGEOGRAFIA DEI PRINCIPALI SOTTOTIPI DI HCV NEI BALCANI OCCIDENTALI ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/331196.

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ABSTRACT Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the leading cause of liver disease and causes both acute and chronic infection. 130-170 million people are chronically infected worldwide. It is characterized by an high degree of genetic heterogeneity due to the lack of proofreading activities of viral RNA polymerase. HCV is classified into 7 genotypes, which are subdivided into 67 epidemiologically diverse subtypes. The main 7 HCV genotypes vary in their geographical distribution and their level of genetic diversity. Genotype 1, 2 , 3 e 4 are endemics because circulating for a long time in restricted regions of the world. While subtype 1a, 1b, 3a, 2a, 2c and 4d are epidemics because they have spread rapidly in the last century through blood, unsafe medical injections and injection drug use. The aim of this study was to investigate HCV sub/genotype distribution in Montenegro e Albania and estimate the phylodynamics and phylogeography of the most prevalent subtype in order to reconstruct the origin and diffusion of the virus on a local regional scale, using a Bayesian approach. To this aim, we analyzed the NS5B gene sequences of a total 162 HCV-positive Montenegrin patients and 67 Albanian subjects HCV chronic infected. The Montenegrin patients are stratified into two populations: intra-venus drug users (IVDUs) and the general population. Our study showed that the prevalent HCV subtype in Montenegrin general population was 1b (45%) followed by 4d (19%), 3a (17%), 1a (16%) and 2a/c (1%). While in the IVDU Montenegrin population, the most prevalent subtype was 3a (47%), followed by 1a (25%), 4d (20%) and 1b (8%). The subtype 3a was common among subjects who used injecting drug (47%), while the subtype 1b was common related with iatrogenic transmission (53.3%). Likewise the 67 Albanian patients was stratified into two populations: intra-venus drug users (IVDUs) and the general population. The main subtype in the general population was 1b (60%) followed by 2a/c (27%), 3a and 1a (4%) while genotype 4 was present in the 4%. In the IVDU Albanian population the prevalent subtype was 3a (67%), followed by 1a (25%) and 4d (8%). In order to estimate the phylodinamics and phylogeography of HCV subtypes, three separate datasets were prepared that include 227 sequence of HCV 1b, 271 of HCV 3a and 106 of HCV 4d. The phylogeographical analysis of HCV-1b revealed two main clades: clade A included sequence from Montenegro, Albania, Germany, Italy, Greece and Cyprus; clade B included the majority of the Asian isolates (Turkey and Uzbekistan). The origin of the tree root is dated back to the year 1912 in Cyprus (state probability, sp= 0.78). The analysis of population dynamics of entire dataset shows an exponential growth of the 1b epidemics between 1960-1980, after the curve reached a plateau that still continuing. Phylogeographic analysis of HCV-3a showed that the most probable location of the tree root was Pakistan (sp=0.57). The tree showed many significant clade. Clade A and B comprise Asian and East European isolates (Bulgaria, Azerbaijan, Cyprus, Estonia) (pp=0.86 and 0.98); the clade C included 21 Pakistan isolates (pp=0.88); clade D, E, F and G included Montenegrin isolates. The time of most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) of the tree root went back to about 144 years ago, the clade A and B origin in Azerbaijan about 22 years ago (1992). The four Montenegrin clade dated back between 6-17 year ago corresponding to 1997-2007. The phylodinamics analysis of 54 Montenegrin and Albanian sequence revealed segregation between the two locations. The tree showed many recent Montenegrin clade dating back 10-11 years ago. The skyline plot suggest that subtype 3a was present in the population in the 1980, after occur a biphasic exponential growth between 1980-1990 and mid of XXI century. Phylogeographic analysis of HCV-4d shows two main significant clade: clade I included Turkish isolates; whereas the clade II included European sequences (Italian, Montenegrin, Albanian, French and Dutch). The Montenegrin isolates segregates in an unique significant clade. The root had a tMRCA of 125 years ago corresponding to 1888; the Turkish clade had a tMRCA of 48 years ago (1966) whereas the European clade had an origin of 65 years ago (1948). The Montenegrin sequences had a tMRCA of 50 years ago dating back 1964. This study suggests that HCV in Western Balkans present an high heterogeneity regarding subtype distribution through different transmission routes. In particular, HCV-1b penetrated in the XX century in the Aegean area and spread in Europe through two entrance; one in the Eastern Europe and the other in the Eastern Mediterranean probably related to unsafe iatrogenic procedure in the area after the 1950s. HCV-3a showed an old origin about 144 years ago in Pakistan but a recent increase in Central Asia and Eastern Europe about 20 years ago with rapid spread in Montenegro among IVDUs living in this area. HCV 4d entered in Europe probably through Italy in 1930 and spread in Western Balkans in the 1960s showing a clear segregation of the infection in Turkey. Nevertheless, further studies an larger group of samples are needed to clarify the phylodynamics of HCV-4d. In conclusion, the Western Balkans are an area of encounter of various ethnic groups where the virus can be spread and diversified.

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Polat, Can. « Numerical Modeling Of Balcova Geothermal Field ». Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611526/index.pdf.

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The aim of this study is to construct a numerical reservoir model for Balç
ova geothermal field, which is located in the izmir bay area of the Aegean coast. A commercial numerical simulation program, TOUGH2 was utilized with a graphical interface, PETRASIM to model the Balç
ova geothermal field. Natural state modeling of the field was carried out based on the conceptual model of the field, then history matching of production &ndash
injection practices of the field was established for the period of 1996 &ndash
2008. The final stage of modeling was the future performance prediction of the field by using three different Scenarios. In Scenario-1, production and injection rates in year 2008 were repeated for 20 years. In Scenario-2, production and injection rates in year 2008 were repeated for the first 3 years, then they were increased at every 3 years. In Scenario-3, a new well (BT-1) that is assumed to be drilled to 1000 m depth is added for injecting some portion of water that was injected through BD-8 well. In that scenario, similar to Scenario-2, production and injection rates in year 2008 were repeated during the first 3 years, and then the rates of these wells (except the new well) were increased every three years. Analysis of the results indicated that in Scenario-2, compared to Scenario-1, both the temperatures of deep wells located at the eastern portion of the field (BD-6, BD-2, BD-14, BD-9, BD-11, BD-12) and the temperatures of deep wells located at the western portion (BD-4, BD-15, BD-7, BD-5) decreased more. In Scenario-3, compared to Scenario-1, the deep wells located at the eastern side experienced less temperature drops while the deep wells located at the western side experienced higher temperature drops. Such temperature differences were not encountered in shallow wells. No significant changes in bottom hole pressures of deep wells occurred in all three scenarios. On the other hand, shallow wells, especially B-10 and B-5, responded to Scenario-2 and Scenario-3 as decrease in bottom hole pressures.

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Fonovic, Fabian <1979&gt. « Josip Juraj Strossmayer : un vescovo dei Balcani, interprete del pensiero dei confini ». Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/3003.

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Lo studio intende fornire un contributo all'analisi del pensiero politico e culturale sui Balcani di fine ottocento attraverso l'analisi delle azioni, dei discorsi, delle prese di posizione, delle amicizie, delle discordie, degli influssi culturali e politici che hanno coinvolto la persona del vescovo di Đakovo, Josip Juraj Strossmayer. La visione di Strossmayer, basata sulla tradizione slava delle sue terre e forgiata nell'appartenenza alla confessione cattolica, si caratterizza per la consapevolezza dell'utilità di adottare un pensiero talora intransigente, talora sfumato, per preservare gli spazi di costruzione e dialogo con i vicini. Lo studio è arricchito da una lettura critica della storiografia balcanica con particolare attenzione alle ricadute politiche e culturali che questo tipo di narrazioni hanno prodotto.
The study aims to provide a contribution to the analysis of the late XIX century political and cultural thinking on the Balkans. It developes through Josip Juraj Strossmayer, the bishop of Đakovo's, actions, speeches, stances, friendships, disagreements, cultural and political influences. Strossmayer's vision is based upon the slav tradition where he was born, and forged in the belonging to the catholic confession. His vision is characterized by the awareness of the value of adopting a thought sometimes intransigent, sometimes blurred in order to preserve the spaces to construct and dialogue with the neighbors. The study is enriched by a critical analysis of the balcanic historiography, and deserves particular attention to the political anc cultural effects this type of narrations produced.

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Omari, Elda. « Storia e sviluppo dei rivestimenti pavimentali nell'area sud occidentale dei Balcani. L'Albania ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3426500.

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This research is part of a larger project to comprehensively study and catalogue all the mosaics and pavements found in modern Albania, an area corresponding to ancient Illyria, Epiros and Macedonia. To date, only a few studies have been conducted on Albanian art and we only have the work of two Albanian researchers, namely S. Anamali e S. Adhami. Their study was published in 1974, and although still very valuable, this needs to be updated with all the findings of the recent years. By taking advantage of its geographic position, Illyria established relations with both ancient Greek and Roman cultures. Also, thanks to the biggest port of the Adriatic sea at the time, the port of Dyrrachium, and to the via Egnatia, Illirya had cultural and economic contacts with both the East and the West. To date, 43 sites with prestige pavements (mosaics, opus sectile, cementitium etc.) have been found, of which some of the most important are those at Durazzo, Bylis, Butrinto, Elbasan, Antigonea, Apollonia and Saranda. These sites contain 265 pavements which are likely to date back to the period between the 3th century B.C. and the 6th century A.D. The ultimate goal of this research is to carry out a critical re-analysis of the Albanian mosaics during this period. In particular, it will focus on their topographic and architectural features, as well as on the socio-cultural aspects of their production. The goal is to promote interest in Albanian history and archaeology, in order to stimulate activities aimed at raising public awareness and the preservation of the cultural inheritance of this country.
Questo studio è parte di un più ampio progetto di ricerca nell’ambito delle attività del Dipartimento di Archeologia dell’Università di Padova, che ha per oggetto l’analisi della cultura musiva in età romana. Seguendo la metodologia dell’inserimento dei dati in un database per quanto riguarda i mosaici dell’odierna Albania, che corrisponde ad un territorio compreso in età antica tra l’Illirico, l’Epiro e la Macedonia, fino ad oggi sono stati individuati circa 43 centri, tra cui i più importanti sono: Durazzo, Tirana, Bylis, Butrinto, Elbasan, Antigonea, Apollonia, Saranda, Vrina, Diaporit, i quali complessivamente restituito circa 265 rivestimenti pavimentali inquadrabili tra il IV secolo a.C. e il VI secolo d.C. Il motivo principale della ricerca è stato lo studio della storia e dello sviluppo della cultura musiva di questa parte dell’impero romano dalle origini al tardo antico. Pochi sono gli studi fatti su questo repertorio dell’arte albanese. Esiste soltanto il testo di due studiosi albanesi, S. Anamali e S. Adhami, del 1974, che manca di aggiornamenti su molti mosaici rinvenuti negli anni successivi. Sfruttando la sua posizione, l’Illirico antico, parte dell’Albania odierna, instaurò legami sia col mondo greco sia col mondo romano. Grazie al porto più grande dell’Adriatico orientale, il porto di Dyrrachium, e la via Egnatia, fu infatti terra di vivi contatti commerciali e culturali tra Oriente e Occidente. L’obiettivo finale della ricerca, condotta seguendo il metodo dell’analisi attraverso la raccolta dei dati nel database, è stato lo studio e la rivisitazione critica dei mosaici dell’Albania tra il IV-III sec.a.C. e il VI sec.d.C. In questa ricerca l’attenzione è stata focalizzata sugli aspetti relativi al contesto topografico e architettonico e sulle problematiche socio culturali connesse con la produzione musiva.

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Kulasin, Aid. « Isolerande balkonginfästningar : Thermally-insulated balconies ». Thesis, Växjö universitet, Institutionen för teknik och design, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-2493.

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In this work a study has been performed to show the different kinds of insulated balcony connections exists on the market. In the work there is also a short description of thermal bridges concerning balconies. A description of older solutions for balcony connections is given as well as a calculation of the difference in energy costs for a insulated balcony connection compared to the standard connection. The work includes a short description of the different products. After that there is a short information about their insulation properties, durability, acoustic performance, assembly, computer programme and a short analyses for each product.

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Vomberg, Petra. « Das Erscheinungsfenster innerhalb der amarnazeitlichen Palastarchitektur : Herkunft, Entwicklung, Fortleben / ». Wiesbaden : Harrassowitz, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41080588w.

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Yii, Ee Hieng. « Exploratory Salt Water Experiments of Balcony Spill Plume Using Laser Induced Fluoresence Technique ». University of Canterbury. Civil Engineering, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8305.

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This report investigates the potential of applying salt water modelling using the Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) flow visualisation technique to study balcony spill plume phenomena. A 1/20 scale perspex model was used to conduct a series of salt water experiments. The testing parameters include two balcony settings (125mm and 250mm in model scale) and two spilling densities (0.5% and 1.0% of salt by weight). Through the study, results showed that good flow visualisation could be achieved using the LIF technique. The main advantage of using the salt water modelling technique was the ease in modifying the model's geometry or testing conditions. These modifications would not result in huge changes in the data acquisition systems as in either the full or small scale fire tests. The smoke layer within the compartment was simulated by the injection of a saline layer. By doing this, a quantitatively correct counter flow at the doorway was achieved, as in the real fire situation. This method also provided greater control over the injected flow and the flow was found to be repeatable. From the results obtained, it was found that there was a small degree of entrainment at the rotational region of the balcony spill plume. It was also observed that the presence of the soffit at the opening would result in significant entrainment into the under-balcony flow layer. Smoke logging on the upper balcony was found to be more severe with a shorter balcony than a longer balcony; this was due to the local deepening effect. The salt water results collected in this study could not be converted into the equivalent fire results at this stage. There are still many questions regarding the issue of scaling salt water results to full scale fire cases. Future research on the scaling laws needs to be done before the full potential of the salt water modelling technique could be utilised.

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ENEVA, RALITZA. « L’adattamento del mercato all’innovazione finanziaria nel settore del credito alle famiglie nei balcani ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/207784.

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Il passaggio da un’economia pianificata ad una di mercato e lo sviluppo dei sistemi bancari nei Balcani hanno portato a numerosi cambiamenti negli istituti di credito che vi operano, come anche nelle abitudini dei clienti. Nel lavoro verranno presentate le tendenze di sviluppo nei mercati bancari in Bulgaria, Serbia e Romania, ed il particolare rapporto tra l’attività creditizia e l’innovazione. Siccome la combinazione tra mercati bancari dei Balcani, credito alle famiglie e innovazione non è stata ancora presa in considerazione dai ricercatori, si è cercato di dare un contributo e colmare un gap esistente nella letteratura economica. Nel lavoro si cercherà di dare una definizione del termine innovazione nel credito alle famiglie e si darà uno sguardo generale alla sostanza ed ai presupposti della letteratura che ha trattato il tema. Si cercherà inoltre di condurre un’analisi economica dell'innovazione finanziaria e della sua influenza sul mercato bancario in Bulgaria, Serbia e Romania.
: The transition from a planned towards a market oriented economy and the development of banking systems in the Balkans led to numerous changes in the banks there, as well as changes in consumer habits. In the paper we will be discuss the development trends in the banking markets in Bulgaria, Serbia and Romania, and the particular relationship between lending and innovation. Combining the banking markets on the Balkans, the household credits and innovations, which haven’t been considered by researchers before, we try to make a contribution and fill a gap in the economic literature. In the following research we will try to give a definition of innovation in household credit and give an overview of the substance of literature that has analyzed the issue. We will also try to conduct an economic analysis of financial innovation and its influence on the banking market in Bulgaria, Serbia and Romania.

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Michel, Raymond. « Lectures d'"Un balcon en forêt" de Julien Gracq : l'écriture de la fiction ». Nancy 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN21005.

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L'analyse d'"Un balcon en forêt" de Julien Gracq s'appuie sur les propositions élaborées par P. Ricoeur dans "Temps et récit", lequel considère le récit de fiction comme le "gardien du temps". L'étude a pour objectifs de lier compréhension, interprétation et explication du fonctionnement du texte (la "configuration"), de questionner le rapport entre l'histoire (la drôle de guerre) et la fiction, et de mettre en évidence l'opération de "refiguration" qu'effectue le lecteur dans la construction du sens. Est, d'abord, proposée, une interprétation du cadre du récit dans ses dispositifs paratextuels et dans ses lieux stratégiques. L'analyse s'attache, ensuite, à montrer comment le texte gracquien fait vaciller les repères énonciatifs de la fiction. En effet, l'étude de la temporalité démontre que, au-delà de la linéarité du récit, se tisse un jeu subtil d'anachronies qui ont pour effet de déstabiliser toute lecture référentielle, le texte mêlant narrations singulative et itérative. Dans un temps qui semble arrêté, l'espace, donc, prend une importance décisive : conflictuel, il est d'une portée symbolique et poétique, essentielle à la signification du récit. L'étude de la diégèse dans ses trois composantes (pragmatique, cognitive et thymique) montre que, dans "Un balcon en forêt", l'agir laisse la place au sentir et au pâtir. Ainsi, une analyse de la manifestation textuelle permet de voir à quel point l'écriture de fiction est contestée par une écriture poétique, qui privilégie une structuration paradigmatique. Toutefois, même si le texte gracquien fonctionne en "enceinte fermée", il évite toute clôture formaliste ; d'une part il se présente comme une suite de "variations imaginatives sur le temps", d'autre part il donne l'initiative au lecteur, devenu véritable "metteur en scène" d'une fiction, elliptique et ambiguë, et enfin il "pousse sur le terreau" de la littérature, et, prend sens par rapport à un intertexte constamment sollicité
The analysis of Julien Gracq's Un balcon en forêt is based on propositions elaborated in Temps et récit by Paul Ricoeur, who considers fiction as the "time-keeper". The study aims at linking comprehension, interpretation and explanation of the functioning of the text (the "configuration"), at questioning the relation between history (the "phoney war") and fiction, ans at making clear the operation of "refiguration" performed by the reader to build meaning. It first proposes an interpretation of the frame of the fiction in its paratextual organization and its strategic places. The analysis, then, strives to demonstrate how the gracquian text makes the marks of enunciation in fiction waver. The study of temporality does demonstrate that beyond the linearity of fiction a subtle game of anachronies appears, which tends to refuse every kind of referential reading, as the text weaves singular and iterative narrations. As time seems to have stopped, space then occupies an important place : conflictual, it takes on a symbolical and poetical signification, fundamental for the comprehension of the fiction. The study of diegesis in its three elements (pragmatic, cognitive, thymic) shows that in Un balcon en forêt, action is superseded by what is felt and suffered. Thus, a very strict analysis of the textual manifestation allows us to demonstrate how fictional writing is contested by poetical writing, which prefers a paradigmatic structuring. However, even if the gracquian text works in a "closed circumference" it avoids all formalist closure ; on one hand, it appears as a sequence of "imaginative variations on time", on the other hand it leaves initiative to the reader who has become the true producer of an ambiguous and elliptical fiction, and finally, it is "fertilized" by literature and makes sense with reference to an intertext which is always solicited

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Hossam, Eldien Hany. « Forme architecturale : une approche d'auto - protection sonore : "application à la forme du balcon" ». Nantes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NANT2015.

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La problématique développée dans ce travail de thèse est la prise en compte des problèmes écologiques et de la protection de l’environnement sonore pour une nouvelle conception architecturale qui prend en compte l’environnement physique du bâti pour la protection des espaces internes. Dans le cas particulier du traitement de l’environnement sonore, la conception architecturale acoustiquement auto-protégée intègre la forme de l'enveloppe pour atténuer l'impact des bruits extérieurs sur les espaces intérieurs. Dans notre recherche, nous étudions cet aspect en recherchant les bénéfices d’un dispositif formel tel que le balcon. La protection apportée par ce dispositif est exprimée en termes de réduction du niveau de pression acoustique sur la façade d’un immeuble de grande hauteur situé en bord de route. La simulation a été menée en utilisant un outil de lancer de pyramides 3D développé par A. Farina. Au titre de la validation de ces simulations, des mesures expérimentales sont effectuées sur une maquette à l’échelle 1/10ème. Les différentes géométries du balcon sont examinées par des variations de largeur, d’inclinaison du parapet et de la sous-face du balcon. Des règles empiriques de conception du balcon sont alors déduites en fonction du niveau de protection sonore recherché
The problem which is discussed in this research work is to know if the taking into account of the ecological problems and the environmental protection can lead us to conceive a new architecture approach. This approach integrates the building physical environment, and the acoustical protection of internal environment. In the particular case of the treatment of the sound environment, the architectural concept to design buildings that are self-protecting into account the building envelope to attenuate the impact of the external noise upon the internal spaces. Our work is concerning with an assessment of the benefits to be gained from one of self-protecting configurations, namely balconies. The protection obtained is expressed in terms of the reduction in sound pressure level of pressure into high-rise buildings façades located near to the road. Pyramid ray-tracing simulations developed by A. Farina and a 10th scale model measurements have been carried out. Various geometries of the balcony are examined by variations depths, inclined parapets, and inclined ceilings. The results have been used to derive empirical equations for predicting protection as a function of geometrical parameters

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Cheung, Tat-po Ivan. « An empirical study to investigate how the provision of balcony influences the property value / ». View the Table of Contents & ; Abstract, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B3802651X.

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Lai, David Andrew. « UP IN THE BALCONY : WHITE RELIGIOUS LEADERS AND SCHOOL DESEGREGATION IN ARKANSAS, 1954-1960 ». UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/history_etds/5.

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This paper examines the various responses of progressive white southern clergy to school desegregation events in Arkansas. I investigate why no major white clerical movement emerged to support civil rights, arguing that internal and external factors limited their genuinely motivated witness. National and local clergy endorsed Brown for both religious and practical reasons, arguing that segregation was counter to Christian brotherhood and hurt worldwide evangelism. However, like William Chafe’s progressives in Greensboro, too many clergy worked for school desegregation but ignored African American voices, believing that their demands unnecessarily inflamed the local opposition and unfortunately urged patience and civility instead of justice. Furthermore, clerical intervention proved to be less effective than ministers expected. Sympathetic clergy experienced physical harassment and congregational opposition for speaking out, and local communities simply ignore their messages.

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Cheung, Tat-po Ivan, et 張達寶. « An empirical study to investigate how the provision of balcony influences the property value ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4500884X.

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Kuznetsova, O. O. « Reduction of thermal bridge effects caused by junctions between external walls and balcony slabs ». Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2018. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/9733.

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Renman, Josefine. « Renovering av utanpåliggande balkonger ». Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-89682.

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Balkonger har funnits i Sverige i över 200 år och är nu på modet. De är i allmänhet utsatta för stora påfrestningar och orsakar ofta en vanlig typ av köldbrygga. I synnerhet de balkonger som byggdes till flerbostadshus i betong under miljonprogrammet måste renoveras. De är byggda med dåtidens teknik vilket innebär att de bildar en köldbrygga. Denna rapport är till för att vägleda fastighetsägare vid en renovering av utanpåliggande balkonger i betong. Metoder på marknaden har undersökts med hjälp av intervjuer och litteraturstudier. Kvalitativa intervjuer genomfördes med en kunnig konstruktör, en betongexpert, en beläggningsexpert, en rutinerad förvaltare samt en expert på balkongräcken. Rapporten beskriver betong och armering, dess uppbyggnad och egenskaper. Balkongers olika skador beskrivs. De skador som kan uppkomma är frostsprängningar, armeringskorrosion, kemiska angrepp, sprickor samt nötning. Balkongers varierande uppbyggnad från sent 1800-tal till dagens teknik förklaras med hjälp av text och figurer. Beskrivningar ges på balkongers betong, räcken, eventuell köldbrygga samt bärande funktion. Balkongers konstruktion har förändrats, allt från genomgående stålbalkar till isolerade balkonganslutningar. Balkongers kontroller beskrivs, allt från okulära inspektioner till olika prover i laboratorium. Slutligen beskrivs balkongers reparationer beroende på skada. En balkong kan vara för skadad för att repareras. Rapporten ger därför exempel på nya konstruktioner, bland annat genom användning av dragstag och pelare. Arbetets slutsats är att analysen för en balkong ska utgå från enkla frågor angående skadorna samt materialen. Dessa frågor i samråd med kunskap om skador, kontroller och åtgärder är ett lämpligt sätt att bestämma vilka åtgärder som bör tas för en balkong. Det mest väsentliga är att kontrollera balkongens bärande delar så risk för ras eller nedfallande betongbitar kan undvikas.
Balconies have been built in Sweden for over 200 years and are now very popular. They are generally exposed to a lot of strains and are often a common thermal bridge. The balconies at concrete multifamily building from the 1960-1970s need to be renovated, among others. They were built with the technology of the past which means that they have a thermal bridge. The report is made for guiding property owners through the renovation process of an external concrete balcony. It summaries the markets methods based on interviews and literature studies. The interviews where qualitative with the help of: a skilled constructor, a concrete expert, a paving expert, an experienced building manager and a balcony railing expert. The thesis describe concrete and reinforcement; their structure and their properties. A balcony’s different damages are describes. For example, the damages that can occur on concrete are frost weathering, reinforcement corrosion, chemical attrition, cracks and abrasion. Balconies varying construction from late 1800s to today’s technology are explained with text and figures. Descriptions are given on their concrete, rails, any thermal bridge and load baring function. The construction has changed from constant steel beams to isolated balcony connections. How balconies can be checked is described; ranging from ocular inspections to taking different samples to a laboratory. Finally, balconies different repairs due to damage are described. In case the balcony is too damaged to be able to be repaired, there are several examples of how a new construction can be applied. This is often with traction rods and columns. The conclusion of this work is that an analysis for a balcony should proceed from simple questions about the damages and the materials. These questions in consultation with knowledge about damages, controls and corrections are a suitable way to decide which action to make for a balcony. The most important thing is to check the balcony's structural parts so there is no risk of collapse and also that no falling concrete can occur.

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Anderson, Cheryl A. « Manual for the Inspection of Wood Decks and Balconies ». Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35684.

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Residential deck and balcony failures are preventable if the decks and balconies are maintained and inspected regularly. Inspection of in-service decks or balconies is not common and often is unregulated or building codes do not appear to be widely enforced. With every failure, the need for a comprehensive inspection manual for residential wood decks and balconies becomes more apparent. Research was conducted on inspection techniques, common deck and balcony construction methods, maintenance issues, decay detection and the evolution of the building code regulations on decks and balconies. Eight decks were inspected to find the extent of structural inadequacies and non-conformance with building codes. Using the information gathered from the research and inspections, a Manual for the Inspection of Residential Wood Decks and Balconies was written for professional inspectors and building officials. The manual includes recommended methods to prepare for inspection to preparation of final reports. It contains an appendix with information on the "pick test" for detecting early decay, information on adequate deck attachment, and a sample report for a complete deck inspection.
Master of Science

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Naish, Daniel A. « Speech interference on residential balconies with road traffic noise ». Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2013. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/63527/1/Daniel_Naish_Thesis.pdf.

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Residential balcony design influences speech interference levels caused by road traffic noise and a simplified design methodology is needed for optimising balcony acoustic treatments. This research comprehensively assesses speech interference levels and benefits of nine different balcony designs situated in urban street canyons through the use of a combined direct, specular reflection and diffuse reflection path theoretical model. This thesis outlines the theory, analysis and results that lead up to the presentation of a practical design guide which can be used to predict the acoustic effects of balcony geometry and acoustic treatments in streets with variable geometry and acoustic characteristics.

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Bruins, Connie King. « Borrowing from heaven and earth contemporary balcony gardens of Wuhan, China in their historical context / ». Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2005. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=ucin1115955282.

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BRUINS, CONNIE KING. « BORROWING FROM HEAVEN AND EARTH : CONTEMPORARY BALCONY GARDENS OF WUHAN, CHINA IN THEIR HISTORICAL CONTEXT ». University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1115955282.

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Ozaslan, Aslihan. « Urban Balconies As Public Open Areas A Case Study : Bursa ». Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606910/index.pdf.

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The need for the public areas within urban environments is increasing day by day. This thesis focuses on urban balconies as one of the important element of public open areas. Their historical backgrounds, contribution to the cities, categorization and exemplification form important topics for explaining the concept. The study also searches the important natural features that effect the urban development of Bursa and questions the place of urban balconies between them. While explaining the past and the present situations, types and the usages of urban balconies&
#8217
of Bursa
this thesis emphasizes their existing but neglected qualitative and quantitative values, that have the potential to play an important role for the physical shaping of the city so as the formation of urban image. Related to this, also the importance of the revitalization of the urban balconies as public open areas takes part in this study. Key Words: Urban Balconies, Vista Points, Topographical Features, Public Open Areas, Bursa.

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Cortizo, Maria Del Carmen. « Desde estas mismas balcones... : direito e legitimidade no primeiro peronismo ». [s.n.], 1993. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279129.

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Orientador : Octavio Ianni
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-18T23:16:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cortizo_MariaDelCarmen_M.pdf: 4691059 bytes, checksum: b6c975fa54f9dda3f4947b6c00c76417 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1993
Resumo: Não informado
Abstract: Not informed
Mestrado
Mestre em Sociologia

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Samson, Véronique. « La voie de sortie du roman : le personnage dans un balcon en forêt de Julien Gracq ». Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=106474.

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The starting point of this thesis is the genre indication of "récit", placed on the cover of Un balcon en forêt by its author. Published in 1958, this book is most often considered as Julien Gracq's last novel : thereafter, the novelist turned to more intimate and fragmented genres. The purpose of this thesis will be to question Gracq's withdrawal from the novel in the post-war context. This will allow us to understand how a writer who did not, a priori, subscribe to the "age of suspicion" described by Nathalie Sarraute, still underwent a certain form of "crisis of the novel". The first chapter of this study will present the particularities of the "gracquian" waiting in Un balcon en forêt. We will see that this waiting, unlike its manifestations in Gracq's earlier novels, places the characters in a framework of broken relations with the outside world. The protagonist Grange's response to this new existential situation will be the subject of our second chapter. Grange, who differs from the other characters by his awareness of the utter impossibility of an authentic life, refuses to act upon the many alternatives generated by his mind. In the third chapter, we will see that the novel offers no resistance to its character's destructive work. By allowing Grange to avoid all confrontations with the social world and by providing him with a habitable space outside of it, the novel is bereaved of its constitutive irony and collapses onto itself. At the end of this thesis, we will revisit Gracq's very own "crisis of the novel" to show that the impossibility of the genre was revealed to him through the experience of writing Un balcon en forêt : the way out of the novel, suggested in the character of Grange, turned out to be the only possible way for Gracq.
Cette étude prend comme point de départ la mention générique de « récit » posée sur la couverture d'Un balcon en forêt par son auteur, Julien Gracq. Publié en 1958, ce livre peut être considéré comme le dernier roman de l'écrivain, qui s'est, par la suite, tourné vers la forme intime et fragmentaire du carnet. Il s'agira d'interroger la sortie du roman de Gracq en fonction de la crise qu'a connu le genre dans l'après-guerre, afin de voir comment celle-ci a été vécue par un romancier n'adhérant pas a priori au « soupçon » ambiant. Le premier chapitre de ce mémoire montrera les variations que subit l'attente gracquienne dans Un balcon en forêt, variations ayant pour conséquence de placer les personnages du récit dans une situation de liens brisés avec le monde extérieur. La réponse de l'aspirant Grange à cette condition existentielle sera présentée dans un deuxième chapitre. Le personnage, qui se distingue des autres par sa conscience de l'impossibilité de toute vie authentique dans le monde, se maintient dans la virtualité de l'action et refuse de donner suite aux mondes de rechange qu'il produit en imagination. Dans le troisième chapitre, nous verrons que le roman n'offre aucune résistance à ce travail de sape du personnage : en n'imposant pas à Grange une confrontation avec le monde, en lui ménageant un espace « habitable » à la maison forte où il est mobilisé, le roman se prive de son ironie constitutive et finit par s'affaisser en lui-même. Au terme de cette étude, nous ferons valoir que l'impossibilité du roman a été révélée à Gracq dans et par l'expérience d'Un balcon en forêt : la « voie de sortie » du genre romanesque, suggérée par le personnage problématique de Grange, s'est finalement avérée être la seule voie concevable.

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Wolf, Megan Fay. « A Wildlife Management Internship at Balcones Canyonlands National Wildlife Refuge (BCNWR) ». Miami University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1272583982.

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Lilja, Andreas. « Temperature analysis of fire exposed load-bearing structures of mono glazed balconies ». Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Byggkonstruktion och brand, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-81730.

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Previous to the now acting construction regulations EKS and Eurocode, the fire resistance of the load-bearing structures of mono glazed balconies were designed with a fire test called the SP fire 105. In 2011, when EKS replaced the previous construction regulations called Boverkets konstruktionsregler, BKR, the SP fire 105 was no longer the requirement for mono glazed balconies. Instead, EKS prescribed that the load-bearing structures of mono glazed balconies should be determined by the use of nominal fire exposure or a natural fire model. EKS and Eurocode have previously prescribed that the standard temperature-time curve (ISO 834) was to be used when determining the fire resistance of structural elements according to nominal temperature-time curves. But an agreement made between Balkongföreningen and Boverket in 2011, established that the external temperature-time curve could be used for determination of the fire resistance of the structural elements of mono glazed balconies. The external temperature-time curve means a design temperature of the structural members of approximately 680 °C for a fire-resistance class R30, instead of a temperature of 842 °C for the standard temperature-time curve. In 2019, EKS 11 was introduced with a slight change in the regulation. The new regulation specifically implies that building parts placed within glazed balconies should not be considered as external. Due to the formulation in EKS 11, it is no longer possible to use the external temperature-time curve for verification of the fire resistance of structural elements of mono glazed balconies. The formulation says that building parts placed within glazed balconies should not be considered as external, which means that the standard temperature-time curve must be applied. The present research tries to clarify the more reasonable temperature-time curve of the standard fire curve and the external fire curve, or if neither of the curves is realistic. 16 scenarios were analysed in this study. Using CFD simulations in FDS, the adiabatic surface temperature of the structural parts could be established. The adiabatic surface temperatures were then used as input in the FEM calculation program TASEF to calculate the temperatures of structural elements of a mono glazed balcony during a fire. The results imply that the max temperatures of the steel members of the mono glazed balcony analysed are generally lower than the temperatures of the external temperature-time curve. In a worst-case scenario where the structural member is located just adjacent to the fire source, the max temperature can be higher than the temperature of the standard temperature-time curve. The balcony slab reaches max temperatures between the external temperature-time curve and the standard temperature-time curve. The temperature within the slab is below 500 °C at a depth of 15 mm and according to the 500 °C isotherm method presented in SS-EN 1992-1-2, concrete that has a temperature lower than 500 °C has not been damaged by the fire. Further studies are needed to establish whether the external temperature-time curve or the standard temperature-time curve is to be used when designing the fire resistance of the load-bearing structure of mono glazed balconies. A suggestion for further studies is to conduct fire tests of a fire within a mono glazed balcony. Such results could then be compared to the results of this study and hopefully, lead to conclusions that are needed for a complete establishment of which temperature-time curve that should be used.
Under det tidigare gällande regelverket boverkets konstruktionsregler, BKR, dimensionerades brandmotståndet för den bärande konstruktionen av enkelinglasade balkonger med testmetoden SP fire 105. När BKR ersattes av boverkets föreskrifter och allmänna råd om tillämpning av europeiska konstruktionsstandarder, EKS, tillsammans med Eurokoderna, slutade man att använda SP fire 105 och började istället använda nominella temperatur-/tidförlopp. I tidigare versioner av EKS föreskrevs det att dimensionering enligt klassificering ska utföras med en brandexponering enligt standardtemperatur/-tidkurvan (ISO 834). Men i och med upphörandet av BKR år 2011, genomfördes en överenskommelse mellan Balkongförening och Boverket där man bestämde att den bärande konstruktionen för enkelinglasade balkonger och öppna balkonger skulle få dimensioneras med exponeringskurvan för utvändig brand istället för standardtemperatur-/tidkurvan. Dimensionering enligt exponeringskurvan för utvändig brand resulterar i en dimensionerande temperatur på 680 °C för brandteknisk klass R30, istället för en temperatur på 842 °C vid dimensionering med standardtemperatur-/tidkurvan. Vid införandet av EKS 11 år 2019 skedde en förändring i föreskrifterna gällande branddimensionering av bärande konstruktioner. I EKS 11 framgår det explicit att byggnadsdelar vilka är placerade inom inglasade balkonger inte bör betraktas som utvändiga byggnadsdelar. Detta medför att den bärande konstruktionen för enkelinglasade balkonger inte längre kan dimensioneras enligt exponeringskurvan för utvändig brand, utan måste dimensioneras enligt standardtemperatur-/tidkurvan. Denna studie syftar till att klargöra vilken temperatur som är rimlig att använda vid dimensionering av den bärande konstruktionen för enkelinglasade balkonger. Är den tidigare exponeringskurvan för utvändig brand mer rimlig, eller är föreskriften om att använda standardtemperatur-/tidkurvan motiverad? I studien har 16 scenarion analyserats med hjälp av CFD beräkningar i simuleringsprogrammet FDS, och med hjälp av FEM beräkningar i simuleringsprogrammet TASEF. Med FDS beräknades den adiabatiska yttemperaturen för den bärande konstruktionen, vilken sedan användes som indata i TASEF för att beräkna temperaturen i den bärande konstruktionen. Maxtemperaturen på konstruktionselementen som utgörs av stål uppnår generellt temperaturer som understiger temperaturen för exponeringskurvan vid utvändig brand. I ett ”worst-case” scenario där brandkällan står i direkt anslutning till en stålkonstruktion, kan temperaturer uppnås vilka överstiger temperaturen i standardtemperatur-/tidkurvan. Maxtemperaturen på balkongplattan är högre än temperaturen i exponeringskurvan vid utvändig brand, men lägre än temperaturen i standardtemperatur-/tidkurvan. 15 mm in i balkongplattan understiger temperaturen på betongen 500 °C. Enligt 500 °C isotermmetoden som är publicerad i SS-EN 1992-1-2 innebär detta förenklat att all betong på ett djup överstigande 15 mm har kvar sin fulla bärförmåga. En slutsats är att det krävs vidare studier för att kunna fastställa vilket nominellt temperatur-/tidförlopp som borde användas vid dimensionering av den bärande konstruktionen för enkelinglasade balkonger. Ett förslag på vidare studier är att utföra brandtester på en enkelinglasad balkong, varav resultaten sedan kan jämföras med resultaten i denna studie. Sådana resultat skulle förhoppningsvis möjliggöra ett fastställande av vilket nominellt temperatur-/tidförlopp som bör användas vid dimensionering av den bärande konstruktionen för enkelinglasade balkonger.

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Grauslienė, Sandra. « DAUGIABUČIŲ NAMŲ BALKONŲ IR LAUKO PALANGIŲ ŽELDINIMAS ŠIAULIŲ MIESTE ». Bachelor's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20100906_184627-97096.

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XXI amžiuje visuomenės dėmesys savo gyvenamosios aplinkos gražinimui gerokai padidėjo. Tai, ko gero, paskatino padidėjęs augalų asortimentas, tinkamas auginti loveliuose, kubiluose ar pakabinamuose induose. Apželdinti daugiabučių gyvenamųjų namų langai ir balkonai šiais laikais jau nėra retenybė, tačiau gerų pavyzdžių dar yra gerokai mažiau nei blogų. Gėlių dekoratyvumas priklauso ne vien nuo parinktų gražių gėlių. Svarbu gėles ne tik tinkamai sukomponuoti, bet ir atsižvelgti į supančią aplinką. Kompozicinę vertę lemia balkono aukštis ir apžvalgumas, gėlių spalvų deriniai, lapų faktūra, komponavimas pagal žydėjimo laiką ir gėlių išdėstymo tvarka. Darbo objektu pasirinkti skirtingų statybos laikmečių (1960 – 2007 m.), gėlėmis apsodinti Šiaulių miesto pietinės dalies daugiabučių namų balkonai ir lauko palangės. Šio tyrimo tikslas buvo išanalizuoti daugiabučių namų balkonų ir palangių želdinimo ypatumus Šiaulių miesto pietinėje dalyje. Atliekant tyrimą Šiaulių miesto pietinėje dalyje buvo siekiama išsiaiškinti ar balkonų ir lauko palangių želdinimui turi įtakos namo statybos laikmetis. Tyrimo metu buvo nustatytas balkonuose ir ant palangių auginamų augalų asortimentas iki genties. Aprašyti gėlių lovelių ir kitų indų tvirtinimo būdai, jų spalva, užfiksuotas jų kiekis balkonuose ir ant palangės. Išanalizavus gautus tyrimo duomenis, nustatyta, kad naujos statybos t.y. 2000 - 2007 m. namų balkonai yra želdinami gausiausiai (13 %), o apželdintų palangių daugiausiai aptikta... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
In the twenty-first century, public attention to the repayment of their living environment has grown considerably. This probably led to an increased range of plants suitable for different containers. Planted windows and balconies of the apartment houses, these days it is no longer a rarity, but good examples are still significantly less than the blogosphere. Decorative flower depends not only on the selection of beautiful flowers. That it is important not only to compose the flowers, but also it‘s important to take into account the surrounding environment. The height and the visibility of the balcony, combinations of flower colors, the texture of leaf, the composition according to the time of flowering and flower arrangement leads the value of composition. The object of this work was the balconies and the window sills of different construction periods (1960 - 2007 year) apartment houses planted with flowers in the southern part of the city of Siauliai. The purpose of this study was to analyze the afforestation features of balconies and window sills of the apartment houses in the southern part of the city of Siauliai. In a study it was trying to find out, if the period of home construction affects afforestation of balconies and window sills in the southern part of the city of Siauliai. In this study was set the genus of cultivated plants on balconies and window sills, it was described the restraint techniques of flowers‘ troughs and other containers, their colors, it was set... [to full text]

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Kruhm, Kathryn Elizabeth. « Four Houses : A Language of Transition from Earth to Sky ». Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36004.

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The thesis of this project is to develop a language of architecture for the design of a rural house. Parameters for this language are specified through program, ideas about living in a country home, and the importance of integrating the building with its site. The parameters are reaffirmed through the materials and elements of architecture. In order to develop a cohesive language, four houses have been designed for four different sites. Each house implements the specified parameters in a manner appropriate to the setting of the surrounding landscape. The houses themselves become a transition between the inside and the outside and between the natural and the man-made. Thus this thesis is: Four Houses - A Language of Transition from Earth to Sky. Our experience-space is necessarily in conflict with the space of nature. The space that nature offers us rises above the ground and is oriented entirely towards the earth's surface. The contrast between the mass of the earth below and the space of the air above, which meet at the surface of the earth, is the primary datum of this (experience) space. Dom H. Van Der Laan, "Architectonic Space" (E.J. Brill, 1983), p. 5
Master of Architecture

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Dorn, Taylor C. « Channel Morphology, Streamflow Patterns, and Sediment Transport of Two Intermittent Rivers along the Balcones Escarpment ». Thesis, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10811929.

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Despite a recent increase in intermittent river research focusing on the mechanisms driving flow intermittence and the role they play in the biological community, first order controls, such as the geology, land cover, and climate of the watershed, are not well understood. The rise of intermittent river research coincides with them becoming increasingly more prevalent on Earth due to climate change and water abstraction. While these problems are observed more clearly in arid regions, little research is focused in areas with greater rainfall amounts, such as in central Texas, where there are currently no known studies focusing on intermittent rivers. Here, we collected data over the course of nine months (April 2017 ? January 2018) within Schulle Canyon and Spring Lake Preserve, to determine how their morphology changed over time, their capacity to transport sediment, and the drivers of their intermittency. To answer these questions, three methods were used: 1. Ten cross-sectional surveying points were taken in each river to show how each river?s morphology changes over time, 2. Passive Integrated Transponders were inserted into 60 grains varying in size to track, via GPS, how far those grains traveled after a rainfall event, and 3. 30 Stream, Temperature, Intermittency, and Conductivity sensors were longitudinally deployed down each river to determine where and when water is present. From these collected field data, we found that Schulle Canyon?s morphology did not change over nine months, while Spring Lake saw a change in five of its cross sections, most notably cross sections 6, 9, and 10. Water levels were estimated to depths of 30 cm mostly between August 26 - 28, 2017, which coincided with Hurricane Harvey. In each intermittent river, little to no sediment transport was recorded, with all grain sizes staying within 12 m of their starting point. This study provides much-needed data on sediment transport in intermittent rivers.

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Croft, Andrew Thomas. « A portfolio producer : Michael Balcon's management of film production at the Gaumont-British Picture Corporation ». Thesis, University of Leicester, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/36208.

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Michael Balcon has been acknowledged for his work at Ealing Studios from 1939, and particularly for a portfolio of films produced in the decade 1942-1952. Charles Barr’s 1977 history of Ealing Studios and John Ellis’ 1975 article on Ealing explore Balcon's ‘agency’ - the ways in which he exercised authority, and the decisions and deals he committed to, in order to achieve success - in the production of films such as Kind Hearts and Coronets (1949) and Passport to Pimlico (1949). Yet, despite the fact that Balcon produced 152 films between 1924 and 1936, of which 133 are features3 - and despite the fact that Balcon produced across many genres during that period, facilitating the use of many different technical and aesthetic approaches to cinema, Balcon has not been fully acknowledged in the initial, interwar years of his career in film production. His role in the formation and development of Gainsborough Pictures has been assessed in Pam Cook’s edited history of the firm.4 However, Balcon’s contribution to British film industry development at the Gaumont-British Picture Corporation (GBPC) - during a key period from 1931 to 1936, when he was responsible for a significant proportion of British films viewed in British cinemas - has not been subjected to a dedicated and comprehensive appraisal. This thesis represents research into the relationship between industrial and commercial development, governmental intervention, and that which is known of Balcon's policies and practices; the choice of films produced, the film production techniques adopted and encouraged - and the technicians and artists he managed and worked with.

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Le, Gac Benoit. « Développement et caractérisation d’une connexion hybride béton-acier utilisée comme rupteur de pont thermique balcon-plancher en Isolation Thermique par l’Extérieur ». Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ISAR0012.

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L'objectif principal de cette thèse de doctorat est le développement et la caractérisation d'une connexion hybride balcon-plancher à usage de rupteur d( pont thermique pour bâtiments isolés par l'extérieur. Structurellement, elle doit assurer la transmission d'un moment de flexion important et un effort tranchant liés au porte-à-faux du balcon. Ce système est de la famille des connexions hybrides encore peu décrites dans la littérature scientifique et pou laquelle ces travaux apportent une contribution. Les solutions existantes pour corriger les ponts thermiques de balcon impliquent des contraintes architecturales ou techniques. Les rupteurs de ponts thermiques sont une solution pertinente structurellement et them1iqucment. Les principaux systèmes existants n'exploitent pas de technologie hybride béton-acier à ce jour. Le comportement mécanique du rupteur a d'abord été testé expérimentalement sous chargement vertical statique monotone lors d'une campagne de cinq essais. Les résultats mettent en évidence une réponse moment-rotation très ductile et conforme aux attentes des pré-dimensionnements. Dans le prolongement de l'interprétation expérimentale, un modèle semi-empirique a été développé. Le gain apporté par une disposition spécifique d'ancrage en traction par barres transversales soudées a pu être quantifié en comparaison avec les modèles analytiques existants. Le comportement différé de la connexion, imputable au nuage du béton à l'interface avec les éléments hybrides a fait l'objet d'une étude expérimental, Le lien entre l'évolution de la rotation de la connexion et le coefficient de nuage matériel a été établi. Un modèle numérique calibré sur les essais de chargement vertical a permis d'étudier en détail le fonctionnement de la clé de cisaillement du rupteur. La détermination des conditions aux limites du système a permis de justifier les diagrammes d'efforts sur la clé. Enfin, le dernier volet de ce travail de thèse concerne la justification en fatigue du système sous l'action de la dilatation thermique différentielle entre h balcon et le plancher. /\près une série d'essais en fatigue oligocyclique pour établir un critère de résistance et une étude de la sollicitation thermique, la durabilité du rupteur a pu être démontrée. Le développement du rupteur SUNE peut à ce stade être considéré comme abouti et pem1et d'en valider l'aptitude pour une gamme de produit. L'industrialisation et la commercialisation du produit passera nécessairement par une certification pour laquelle des justifications poussées sont d'ores et déjà établies et seront un gage de pertinence scientifique du système
The main goal of this Ph.D. thesis is the development and characterization of a hybrid balcony-floor connection used as a thermal break for externally insulated buildings. Structurally, it must ensure the transmission of a significant bending moment and a shear force due to the balcony cantilever. This system belongs to the hybrid connections still poorly described in the scientific literature and for which this thesis makes a contribution. Existing solutions to avoid balcony's thermal bridges involve architectural or technical constraints. Thermal break systems are structurally and thermally relevant solutions. The main existing systems do not involve steel concrete hybrid technology to date. The mechanical behavior of the developped system has firstly been tested under vertical static loading during a campaign of five tests. The results show a very ductile moment-rotation response that meets design expectations. As an extension of the experimental interpretation, a semi-empirical model has been developped. The gain of stiffness obtained by a specific anchoring detail has been quantified in relation to existing analytical models. The creep behavior of the connection, due to the concrete creeping at the interface with the hybrid elements has been the object of an experimental study. The link between the evolution of the connection rotation and the material creep coefficient has been established. A finite element mode! has been calibrated on the vertical loading tests and allowed to study in detail the behaviour of the system's shear key. The determination of the boundary conditions of the system justifies the force diagrams on the key. The last part of this work concerns the justification of the system under the fatigue loading provoked by the differential thermal expansion between the balcony and the floor. A series of tests under oligocyclic fatigue loading was performed to establish a resistance criterion and a study of the actual thermal stress action was completed. Finaly, the durability of the connection has been demonstrated. The development of this hybrid connection can be successfully considered and validates the suitability for a range of products. The industrialization and marketing of the product will go through a certification for which the justifications are already established and will be a guarantee of the scientific relevance of the system

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Izadyar, Nima. « Identification and classification of key features of balconies to promote thermal comfort under natural ventilation mode ». Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/206905/1/Nima_Izadyar_Thesis.pdf.

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Occupants of high-rise apartments often rely on mechanical air conditioning for cooling, impacting on greenhouse gas emissions and energy costs. This research investigated how balconies can reduce air conditioning use by increasing natural ventilation. Computational Fluid Dynamics was used to examine how balcony depth and the size of the balcony door impacts on air entering the apartment, and how that air moves around the apartment. It showed that a higher cooling effect was gained by reducing the door opening size and that shallow balconies result in non-uniform indoor air distribution. These results may lead to better building design and operation.

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Kollatz, Beate. « Sortimentssichtung Beet- und Balkonpflanzen ». Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-131194.

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Der Bericht fasst die Ergebnisse der Beet- und Balkonpflanzensichtungen des LfULG im Zeitraum 2010 bis 2012 zusammen. Für ausgewählte Sorten von Pelargonien, Argyranthemum, Scaevola, Calibrachoa, Verbena und Begonia liegen nun Daten zur Anzucht sowie zu Blühstärke und Wuchsverhalten über die Sommermonate unter sächsischen Bedingungen vor. Weiterhin wurden umfangreiche neue Sortimente von Ipomoea batatas, Portulaca grandiflora und Nemesia Cultivars im Freiland gesichtet. Sortimentszusammenstellungen gelb blühender Bodendecker, kompakt wachsender Mandevilla-Sorten sowie »Kombi-Jungpflanzen« und Mischbepflanzungen wurden im Beet bzw. im Kasten bewertet.

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Carranza, Melgar Fernando. « Excavaciones en Chacán (Balcón del Diablo), Cusco : propuestas a partir de un estudio arqueobotánico ». Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/4649.

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Hagemann, Helen. « Silhouettes of Alice ». Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2006. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/345.

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This thesis comprises three sections. Section One is a novel Silhouettes of Alice, divided into four parts. Parts I and II are set in the fifties and sixties, and Part IV is set in the twenty-first century. The novel highlights the formative years of a girl's life from the age of five to twelve years, leaving home at twenty, and later, at mid-life, getting divorced and starting over. Section Two is a collection of twenty poems that form part of the creative writing component, a new work entitled Country Girl. Section Three is an essay on Views from the Veranda: Visual Maps of Place, Culture and Identity. This area of research highlights the veranda as a significant cultural contribution to the Australian way of life, place and identity. The veranda is featured in both manuscripts, and is integral to themes of love, home, friendship and familial guardianship. In the essay, by utilizing several authors' works, I discuss how the veranda acts as a caesura, a pause on the edge of the house, a reflective space where families interact, educate, communicate, and socialize. The research into the veranda, especially Philip Drew's work Veranda: Embracing Place, has facilitated my inquiry into the social, physical and cultural significance of the veranda. The essay also utilizes Gaston Bachelard's The Poetics of Space, primarily for theoretical insights into spatial environments, and his philosophical and metaphysical theories on intimate places where the mind rests, evoking the imagination, memories and daydreams - the writer's essential tools .

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Appel, Madeleine. « Kulturarvets mosaiklandskap i ny tappning för trädgårdar och balkonger : En litteraturstudie med designförslag som bidrag för bevarandet av mångfalden för solitära bins överlevnad ». Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-20873.

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Abstrakt.Syftet med denna studie är att ta reda på vad som kan göras i trädgårds- och balkongmiljöer för solitära bins överlevnad, då arter redan gått förlorade eller är rödlistade på grund av dåliga förutsättningar i fråga om habitat. Hur kan utformningen av designförslag se ut för trädgård och balkong? Vad innehåller lämpliga habitat samt hur ser hotbilden ut för solitära bin? Målet med denna litteraturstudie var att finna svar på mina frågeställningar. Utifrån de fakta som framkommit från resultaten har sedan designförslag utformats för trädgårds- och balkongmiljöer. Ökad biotopyta från forna tiders mosaiklandskap kan i ny tappning utformas som trädgårds- och balkongmiljöer i form av giftfria och blomrika små ängar, blommande kantzoner, diken och rabatter, krukväxter, blommande träd och buskar. Solitära bin behöver husrum, vatten att dricka och mat att äta i form av nektar- och pollenrika växter. De behöver blommande växter från tidig vår till sen höst för att överleva. Viktigt att sprida kunskap och förståelse för hur solitära bin lever sina liv så att människor kan samarbeta för att nå långsiktiga hållbara habitatlösningar. Solitära bin behöver många blommande växtytor som kan fungera som spridningskorridorer in i de urbana miljöerna där varenda liten kvadratmeter blommande yta har betydelse. Solitära bin ökar i antal med ökad biotopyta är fakta som designförslagen baserats på. Förödande hot för solitära bin är bland annat blombrist i urbana miljöer, besprutning med olika gifter, tambin som sprider sjukdomar, människans rädsla för små kryp samt förändrade livsmiljöer.
Abstract. The purpose of this study is to find out what can be done in gardens and balconies for solitary bees survival, species have already been lost or are red-listed because of poor conditions in terms of habitat. What can design-proposals look like for gardens and balconies? What do suitable habitats contain and what do threats look like for solitary bees?The goal with this literature study was to find answers to my questions. Based on facts that emerged from the results, design proposals have been made for gardens and balconies. Increased biotope-surface from ancient times mosaic-landscape can in modern environments like gardens and balconies be designed as non-toxic and flower-rich meadows, flowering border zones, ditches and flower beds, potted plants, flowering trees and shrubs. Solitary bees need shelter, water to drink and food to eat as in nectar and pollen-rich plants. They need flowering plants from early spring to late autumn to survive. It´s important to spread knowledge and understanding how solitary bees live their lives, that people can cooperate to achieve long-term sustainable habitat solutions. Solitary bees need many flowering plant-surfaces that can act as dispersal corridors in to urban environments, where every single square meter flowering-surface is of importance. Solitary bees increase in number with increasing biotope-surfaces which are facts that design proposals are based on. Devastating threats for solitary bees are floral shortage in urban areas, spraying with various poisons, domestic bees spreading diseases, human fear of small insects and altered habitats.

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Walfridsson, Rickard. « KONSTRUKTION AV FÄSTE TILL FÖNSTERLUCKA : Design of shutter attachment ». Thesis, Växjö University, School of Technology and Design, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-2288.

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The task given by Balco AB was to redesign the productsystem ”vikglas utan ram” and to make the shutter able to go pass a corner. Today the shutter can only be moved sideways. A prototype to test the shutter concept will be made. The final product will be used in Balco AB:s existing product family as a new product or as a choice. The shutter solution shall give a feeling of quality and easiness to fit in.

A few of the demands to achieve this goal is by using special made shutter attachments and the use of bearings. The new shutter attachment has to be safe, reliable and have a low noise level.

Uppgiften som beställdes av Balco AB gick ut på att omkonstruera deras ”vikglas utan ram” system för att få fönsterluckan att gå förbi ett balkonghörn. Idag kan luckan endast föras i sidled. En prototyp avsedd för att testa ut lucka förbi hörn konceptet skall utvecklas. Slutprodukten skall användas i Balco AB:s befintliga produktsortiment som en ny produkt eller som ett tillval. Lucklösningen skall inge en viss känsla av kvalité och smidighet för att passa in.

Några av kraven som ställs för att uppnå denna känsla är bland annat specialdesignade infästen till luckan samt nyttjande av kullager. Den nya inästningsanordningen skall även vara säker och pålitlig samt ha en tyst arbetsgång.

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Forsling, Robert, et Linus Ericsson. « Utveckling av nödöppningssystem för loftgångar vid rökbildning ». Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för maskinteknik (MT), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-53263.

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Arbetets syfte är att undersöka och arbeta fram ett nytt koncept för öppningsmekanismen vid nödöppningssystem av loftgångar. Målet är att ta fram ett koncept som är flexibelt så att detta ryms inom höjden av fönsterluckorna. Detta för att det nya konceptet ej skall vara beroende av loftgångspartiets totalhöjd vilket medför att systemet kan användas inom fler användningsfall. Arbetet är utfört genom att relevanta metoder att arbeta efter valts för att sedan utarbeta de teorier som ansetts vara nödvändiga för att lösa problemet. Därefter har flertalet produktutvecklingsprocesser utförts för att arbeta fram koncept som kan användas för att lösa problemet. Resultatet av arbetet är två koncept som båda uppfyller de kriterier som krävs för en säker och fullständig öppning av fönsterluckorna. Resultatet har sedan analyserats och författarna har jämfört konceptens för- och nackdelar mot varandra samt gett förslag på vidare utveckling.

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Chan, Shun-tim, et 陳順甜. « Social performance of communal sky garden in a dense urban city -- Hong Kong ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/202297.

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As a result of rapid proliferation of urbanization, there is an insufficient supply of green spaces in dense urban city while the population and living density are both very high. This insufficiency associates with a number of problems on both individual and community. Communal sky garden (CSG) thus turns into an alternative solution as a co-existence between building and vegetation within the same plot of land for the enjoyment of the occupants of the respective development. This study aims at examining the design elements which affect the social performance of CSG for high rise buildings in dense city. There are totally 25 number of residential developments which have the provision of CSG since the issuance of Joint Practice Note No.1 and No.2 in 2001. Eight of them have been selected for the Study. The sky garden design of these developments has been examined and analyzed from different perspectives which include building controls, on-site measurements and observations, questionnaire survey and interviews. Views from public, developers and design professional have also been collected to generate a holistic review on such provision. Several features which are unique to CSG has been identified. The most apparent one is the provision couples with the refuge floor while the layout is dictated by the typical floor plate. It thus imposes limitations on the design and the schedule of accommodations. Also, based on the design layout and characteristics, the eight selected ases have been classified and categorized into four CSG typologies, namely (i) typical type; (ii) linked-up type; (iii) duplex type; and (iv) balcony type. These typologies facilitate the review and analysis of the current provision of CSG. The findings from fieldworks have exhibited that people’s perception on CSG is positive. Its provision is highly supported and appreciated nevertheless of their infrequent use rate. When designing CSG, the considerations are slightly different from those designed at street or ground floor level. Greening is still considered as important which has been validated in the current Study; open views from CSG and its tranquil environment which are unique to the provision constitute the primary concerns of users when consider visiting the garden. These conditions offer an alternative space for residents of the respective development to relax and relieve stress. However, the role of CSG cannot be overemphasized; it, in fact, is complementary to the open space system by providing a garden at “doorstep” for residents particularly for those developments lacking competing facilities such as podium garden and nearby open space. Hence, the provision is not only environmentally sustainable, but also socially sustainable in terms of improving physical health and well-being of residents and their quality of life. This Study also offers a significant reference for the comprehensive design and in-depth understanding on the value and role of CSG in the built environment especially for high rise residential buildings in dense city. The collected findings and the deliverables provide a good reference in future CSG provision in Hong Kong.
published_or_final_version
Architecture
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy

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Dilanson, Rekar. « Optimering av balkonginfästningar : ComBAR glasfiberförstärkt polymerplast som armering i betong ». Thesis, KTH, Bro- och stålbyggnad, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-155121.

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I samband med EU-direktivs mål att reducera energikonsumtionen med 20 % fram till år 2020 har kraven i Boverkets byggregler skärpts för energianvändningen i Sverige. Dessa krav håller den totala energiförbrukningen i sektorn bostäder och service på jämn nivå trots att det sker en ständig ökning av antalet bostäder. Syftet med detta arbete är att undersöka om det finns möjlighet till att minimera energiförluster i infästningen mellan inspända balkonger och bjälklaget. Detta utfördes för att ge samtliga aktörer inom byggbranschen en uppfattning om hur stor inverkan en optimering av de oftast försummade detaljerna i ett projekt har. Glasfiberförstärkta polymerplaster (GFRP) isolerar ca 120 gånger bättre än konstruktionsstål och klarar samtidigt av att ta upp dragkrafter i en betongkonstruktion om de formas som armeringsstänger. Från ett urval har flera GFRP produkter granskats där ComBAR har valts att studeras och kontrolleras som en ersättningsprodukt för stålarmering i balkonginfästningar. ComBAR uppfyller samtliga konstruktionskrav för att fungera som armering i betong och har egenskaper som är att föredra framför stål vilket även gör den användbar i flera andra konstruktionsdelar i en byggnad eller anläggning. Utförandet av beräkningar och analyser är indelat i tre delar som är analys av byggstatik för att bestämma den erforderlig armering i balkonginfästningen, simulering av energiflöde mellan balkongen och bjälklaget samt ekonomisk kalkyl för att uppskatta avkastningstiden. I den ekonomiska kalkylen knyts resultaten ihop från analysen av byggstatik och beräkning av energiflödet för att sedan kunna avgöra om en investering är lönsam. Ur resultaten från analysen av byggstatik som består av handberäkningar och simuleringar i beräkningsprogrammen Concrete Beam och FEM-Design kan vi dra slutsatsen att det behövs en armeringsstång mindre av ComBAR än stål för att bära upp balkongen i studien. Ur statisk synpunkt är det lämpligt att använda glasfiberbaserade armeringsstänger i balkonginfästningen. Energiflödesberäkningarna har utförts i programmet Comsol för att erhålla ett noggrant resultat på energiflödet igenom infästningen. Återbetalningstiden på över 100 år för det pris som ComBAR ligger på i dagsläget anses inte vara rimligt och det behövs en halvering av priset innan det kan komma på tal att användas.

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Faraj, Dina, et Saad Shihab. « How can Beema Bamboo Plantations Benefit Islands and Farmers in the Philippines ? : A study in Manila, Marinduque and Romblon, the Philippines ». Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-264547.

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This study was conducted as a bachelor thesis at KTH Royal Institute of Technology in the spring of 2019. The study was carried out as a Minor Field Study (MFS) funded by the Swedish agency SIDA (Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency). The study focuses on the potential economic- & ecological benefits of farming bamboo on small islands in the Philippines. Few other countries are so vulnerable for natural disasters as the Philippines. Majority of the farmers in the Philippines live on a day to day payment where the life of a family can be destroyed when a disaster strikes and ruins the crops. Bamboo could be intercropped and supply farmers with a more stable and higher income on the long term. This project examines previous Beema bamboo plantations, the characteristics of Beema bamboo and explores future implementations. The main type of bamboo that is explored is Beema bamboo, a modified and improved version of Bambusa Balcooa. The Philippines have optimal growth conditions for Beema bamboo and could develop industries which can provide job opportunities. Since the research of Beema bamboo is still in early stages in the Philippines this goal is still years away.
Denna studie genomfördes som ett kandidatexamensarbete på Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan våren 2019. Studien utfördes som en fältstudie med finansiellt stöd från den svenska myndigheten SIDA (Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency). Detta projekt fokuserar på de potentiella ekonomiska- & ekologiska fördelarna med att odla bambu på små öar i Filippinerna. Få andra länder är lika sårbara för naturkatastrofer som Filippinerna. Majoriteten av jordbrukare i Filippinerna lever på en daglig inkomst, där en naturkatastrof kan förstöra familjer som lever på sitt jordbruk. Bambu kan bidra med en mer stabil och högre inkomst för bönder på lång sikt. Projektet undersöker tidigare Beema bamboo plantage, dess egenskaper och framtida implementeringar. Den huvudsakliga typen av bambu som utforskas i detta projekt är Beema bamboo, en modifierad och förbättrad version av Bambusa Balcooa. Filippinerna har optimala förhållanden för Beema bambu och kan utveckla industrier som kan skapa arbetsmöjligheter. Eftersom forskningen på Beema bamboo fortfarande är i tidiga stadier i Filippinerna är detta mål fortfarande många år bort.

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VERDOLINI, VALERIA. « Tra guerra e diritto. La categoria della legittimità alla sfida dell'internazionalizzazione. Il caso dell'ICTY ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/17978.

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La ricerca si sviluppa a partire dal conflitto nei Balcani degli anni '90. Alla ricostruzione storica è affiancata una ricognizione della Storia del diritto penale internazionale e del c.d. Ius in bello, fino alla recente istituzione del Tribunale ad Hoc per la Ex Jugoslavia. La seconda parte propone un'epistemologia della categoria della legittimità attraverso il confronto critico tra autori classici: Weber, Schmitt, Luhmann e Habermas. Questa ricognizione è necessaria per poter valutare la legittimità o meno del tribunale internazionale, e la possibilità di giudicare la guerra con le categorie del diritto penale.

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Mert-Balci, Fadime [Verfasser], et Uwe [Akademischer Betreuer] Beifuss. « Influence of microwave irradiation and ionic liquids on multi component reactions / Fadime Mert-Balci. Betreuer : Uwe Beifuss ». Hohenheim : Kommunikations-, Informations- und Medienzentrum der Universität Hohenheim, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1042992193/34.

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Thèses sur le sujet « Balconi »

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