Thèses sur le sujet « Bagnoli »

La presente tesi di laurea è il risultato della collaborazione con un’azienda della provincia di Padova: le Distillerie Bagnoli. Il progetto consiste nella sistematizzazione della terminologia bilingue della distillazione ed è volto a proporre un database terminologico italiano-inglese contenente i termini principali che ricorrono nei materiali informativi dell’azienda: cataloghi e sito web. Il database terminologico è pensato per l’azienda stessa e per i traduttori che dovranno tradurre nuovi materiali aziendali. Per il presente lavoro si è creato un sistema concettuale italiano-inglese, rappresentativo del dominio delle distillerie, sulla base del quale si sono individuati i 28 termini più rilevanti e i rispettivi equivalenti in inglese. Infine, si sono compilate 5 schede terminologiche complete bilingui. La tesi si divide in tre capitoli: nel primo si fornisce il contesto teorico, nel secondo si descrive il progetto e nel terzo si espongono i risultati del lavoro terminologico. In particolare, nel primo capitolo si tratta il tema delle lingue speciali e del loro rapporto con la lingua generale, si definiscono le unità terminologiche e si introduce la terminologia, soffermandosi infine sulla terminologia basata sui corpora. Nel secondo capitolo si descrive il progetto terminologico. Innanzitutto si presenta l’azienda per poi passare ad esporre la metodologia di lavoro adottata, concentrandosi sulla fase di pianificazione terminologica e sulla creazione dei corpora di riferimento. Infine, l’ultimo capitolo è dedicato all’estrazione dei candidati termini e alla creazione del sistema concettuale e delle schede terminologiche complete bilingui. Tutti i risultati ottenuti verranno riportati nelle appendici.

La tesi approfondisce il concetto di governance multilivello, applicandolo in maniera originale all’analisi di processi decisionali relativi alle politiche urbane. Il carattere multi-scalare e multi-attore di tale prospettiva ha consentito di esplorare il ruolo svolto nelle politiche locali da attori sia pubblici che privati, sia collettivi che individuali posti a diverse scale geografiche, evidenziando così le connessioni tra il contesto locale e quello nazionale ed europeo e il modo in cui i governi e gli attori locali attivano e usufruiscono di reti verticali e della struttura di opportunità politiche offerte dai cambiamenti degli equilibri nei rapporti fra i diversi livelli di governo. Il lavoro di ricerca è stato quindi volto ad analizzare il modo in cui si strutturano i processi decisionali nel contesto urbano verificando se esiste uno spostamento da modelli di government a modelli di governance nella programmazione ed attuazione di politiche di carattere prevalentemente locale come le politiche urbanistiche e in particolare nei processi di rigenerazione urbana di aree industriali dismesse. La ricerca si è avvalsa dell’analisi dei processi decisionali relativi alle trasformazioni dell’area ex Breda Siderurgica a Sesto San Giovanni e dell’area Ex Federconsorzi a Bagnoli, quartiere industriale nell’area occidentale di Napoli. L’esito positivo delle due trasformazioni, dal punto di vista della realizzazione del progetto, ha permesso di cogliere con maggiore chiarezza le logiche di azione dei vari attori all’interno del processo decisionale e di indagare gli aspetti formali e informali delle relazioni intercorse fra i vari attori, le linee lungo le quali si sono articolate alleanze e contrapposizioni, il consolidamento e il declino della posizione dei diversi attori, le risorse economiche e relazionali che sono state utilizzate, le modalità di affermazione di una determinata agenda politica rispetto alle alternative in campo, il dibattito urbanistico e politico. La presenza di processi di governance è stata messa in relazione all’ampliamento del numero e della tipologia degli attori coinvolti, al ridimensionamento del ruolo del governo locale e ad un’accentuazione di caratteri di entrepreneurialism, la presenza di relazioni fondate su un modello di interazione negoziale, stabilità e formalizzazione delle reti. Sulla base di questi elementi è stata osservata l’assenza di una tendenza univoca verso processi di governance che è stata messa in relazione ai caratteri dei contesti locali in cui le due aree sono inserite.

Among the various natural and anthropogenic threats to coastal systems, industrial activities and their heritage of local contamination play a key role, especially where new disturbances are superimposed to extant degraded conditions. This may affect the functioning of assemblages, including their ability to recover, in unpredictable ways. Organisms subject to chronic contamination may respond better to a present discrete disturbance compared to organisms from reference areas not affected by the same contamination due to their adaptation to harsh conditions. By contrast, the same organisms may be more sensitive to the new disturbance if chronic contamination kept them close to their tolerance limit. This study tested such alternatives by comparing the patterns of recovery from the experimental removal of all erect organisms of lowshore benthic assemblages between the post-industrial site of Bagnoli-Coroglio (Gulf of Naples) and reference sites located outside it. Recovery was assessed over six months. Response variables included mean values and temporal trajectories of assemblage structure, richness of taxa and abundance of conspicuous taxa. The examined assemblages showed great recovery ability that was comparable between the post-industrial site and reference sites. Discussed potential explanations include: (i) intertidal organisms would quickly recover irrespective of background contamination as an adaptation to the naturally harsh and variable environmental conditions of their living habitat; (ii) reference sites would be subject to environmental stress comparable to that of Bagnoli-Coroglio being located in the highly urbanized Gulf of Naples; (iii) large variability between- and withinsites may have masked any impacts of experimental disturbance and their differences between the post-industrial site and the reference sites; (iv) historical contamination would be limited to subtidal sediments, without propagating to adjacent rocky habitats.

The Mars Science Laboratory rover, Curiosity, is using a comprehensive scientific payload to explore rocks and soils in Gale crater, Mars. Recent investigations of the Bagnold Dune Field provided the first in situ assessment of an active dune on Mars. The Chemistry and Mineralogy (CheMin) X-ray diffraction instrument on Curiosity performed quantitative mineralogical analyses of the <150m size fraction of the Namib dune at a location called Gobabeb. Gobabeb is dominated by basaltic minerals. Plagioclase, Fo56 olivine, and two Ca-Mg-Fe pyroxenes account for the majority of crystalline phases along with minor magnetite, quartz, hematite, and anhydrite. In addition to the crystalline phases, a minimum similar to 42wt % of the Gobabeb sample is X-ray amorphous. Mineralogical analysis of the Gobabeb data set provides insights into the origin(s) and geologic history of the dune material and offers an important opportunity for ground truth of orbital observations. CheMin's analysis of the mineralogy and phase chemistry of modern and ancient Gale crater dune fields, together with other measurements by Curiosity's science payload, provides new insights into present and past eolian processes on Mars.

The Etruscan city at Forcello was a prominent settlement in the Val Padana between the sixth and fourth centuries BC. Located at the northernmost periphery of Etruscan influence, Forcello lay along important trade routes connecting Etruria, the Adriatic, and central Europe. In addition to a rich array of material culture recovered from over thirty years of excavation, Forcello has also produced an exceptional quantity of animal remains, a volume that offers an unparalleled opportunity to study animal exploitation in Etruscan society. Using this abundant faunal assemblage as a starting point, this dissertation examines human-animal relationships at Forcello and more broadly within Etruscan Italy. To provide a foundation for further study, previous zooarchaeological research on northern and central Italy is synthesized into a single narrative. Faunal analysis at Forcello then reconstructs livestock husbandry strategies, assesses the contribution of wild taxa, and investigates the role of other animals not normally consumed. Results are compared regionally and chronologically to place Forcello in a broader context, building an inter-site picture of Etruscan animal relations. With the evolution of Etruscan cities in the Po Plain, livestock management strategies break from Bronze Age practices. Animal remains indicate a thriving network of northern Etruscan cities linked to, but partly independent from, central Italy, and northern Etruscan centers embrace swine husbandry earlier than Etruria. Within Forcello, faunal analysis illustrates well-developed husbandry systems and the presence of non-Etruscan culinary traditions. The recovery a significant number of perinatal human remains from the faunal assemblage is an important find. This project produces new data on subsistence strategy and urban life in an underrepresented region of Etruscan civilization, and it clarifies chronological and regional trends in animal management in Etruscan Italy during the first millennium BC, creating an integrated picture of Etruscan animal relationships that encompasses both Etruria and Etruria Padana.

As part of the Bagnold Dune campaign conducted by Mars Science Laboratory rover Curiosity, visible/near-infrared reflectance spectra of dune sands were acquired using Mast Camera (Mastcam) multispectral imaging (445-1013nm) and Chemistry and Camera (ChemCam) passive point spectroscopy (400-840nm). By comparing spectra from pristine and rover-disturbed ripple crests and troughs within the dune field, and through analysis of sieved grain size fractions, constraints on mineral segregation from grain sorting could be determined. In general, the dune areas exhibited low relative reflectance, a weak similar to 530nm absorption band, an absorption band near 620nm, and a spectral downturn after similar to 685nm consistent with olivine-bearing sands. The finest grain size fractions occurred within ripple troughs and in the subsurface and typically exhibited the strongest similar to 530nm bands, highest relative reflectances, and weakest red/near-infrared ratios, consistent with a combination of crystalline and amorphous ferric materials. Coarser-grained samples were the darkest and bluest and exhibited weaker similar to 530nm bands, lower relative reflectances, and stronger downturns in the near-infrared, consistent with greater proportions of mafic minerals such as olivine and pyroxene. These grains were typically segregated along ripple crests and among the upper surfaces of grain flows in disturbed sands. Sieved dune sands exhibited progressive decreases in reflectance with increasing grain size, as observed in laboratory spectra of olivine size separates. The continuum of spectral features observed between the coarse- and fine-grained dune sands suggests that mafic grains, ferric materials, and air fall dust mix in variable proportions depending on aeolian activity and grain sorting.

A travers l'étude monographique de l'industrialisation d'une activité nouvelle dans un espace industriellement vierge, il s'agit de penser, dans l'articulation de la carrière professionnelle et de la carrière résidentielle, de la sociologie industrielle et de la sociologie urbaine, les spécificités de la stratification sociale et les ressorts de sa renégociation au fil des générations de travailleurs qui se succèdent sur ce centre nucléaire. C'est par des observations ethnographiques des situations de travail, par des entretiens biographiques sur les trajectoires professionnelles et résidentielles de salariés du nucléaire et par le dépouillement de données administratives d'archives sur le recrutement du centre et sur l'histoire du site et de la localité, que cette recherche est menée. Le premier chapitre présente le cadre institutionnel multipolaire dans lequel se développe l'industrie nucléaire à Marcoule en soulignant, contre tout déterminisme technique exclusif, les marges de jeu qu'il laisse aux acteurs. Les conditions d'embauche et d'hébergement qui sont faites aux travailleurs du centre (ch. 2) amènent à distinguer deux générations mais favorisent pour chacune la stabilité de la main-d’œuvre. L'étude approfondie du travail (ch. 3) laisse voir une grande autonomie chez les travailleurs exposés aux dangers radiologiques en même temps que des régimes d'intensification de l'effort productif apparus pour faire face à ces contraintes de travail et en lien avec les projets résidentiels des travailleurs qui utilisent parfois du temps de travail à des fins personnelles. Enfin le quatrième chapitre montre comment la deuxième génération, par ses caractéristiques propres, trouve à s'intégrer dans l'organisation sociale établie à partir de la mise en forme industrielle initiale mais vient aussi parfois la perturber, ce que révèle l'étude des niveaux intermédiaires d'analyse que sont par exemple la profession dans l'ordre du travail ou le quartier dans l'ordre de la résidence
This thesis is a monograph on a new industrial activity in a formerly industrial-free region. In a study of the way people's professional career articulates with their residential patterns and history, industrial sociology and urban sociology are used to understand the local social stratification and the determinants of its successive "negotiation" over the generations. This research is based, 1) on an ethnographic observation of work, 2) on life-stories interviews about the professional and residential history of workers in the nuclear plant, and 3) on the study of administrative archives concerning the nuclear site and the local town. Chapter 1 presents the complex institutional framework in which nuclear industry developed at Marcoule, notably by stressing the room left to the actors for manoeuvre. Recruitment and accommodation initially offered by the centre encouraged the stability of the labour, differently in every generation (ch. 2). In chapter 3, an in-depth study of the work process reveals that those workers exposed to radiations risks have a large autonomy in the organization of their job, as well as particular modes of implication in their work that were developed in order to face these special constraints. By allowing "complementary" activities, the way the workers organize their job is also consistent with their residential plans, notably with their will to own their house ("pavillon"). The fourth and last chapter shows how the workers of the second generation found their place in the social organization resulting from the first industrial setting. But they sometimes also modified it, as shown by studies dealing with intermediary levels of analyse, such as the profession or the "quartier"

[EN] Pezothrips kellyanus (Bagnall) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is a new citrus pest in the Mediterranean basin. Nymphs of P. kellyanus refuge and feed on the surface of young fruitlets. This feeding habit causes rings of tissue scar around the apex as fruit mature and leads to economic losses because of the reduced market value of the affected fruit. Despite the worldwide distribution and economic importance of P. kellyanus, its biological control is still under development and chemical control is the only alternative for growers. In order to improve the integrated management of P. kellyanus we determined the seasonal trend of P. kellyanus nymphs during the period in which the young fruitlets are sensitive to thrips damage. We studied the diurnal distribution of ¿rst and second generation P. kellyanus nymphs, as well as, the spatial distribution within the tree of the nymphs and damages. These results will improve the sampling protocols and the insecticide applications. The seasonal trend (number of generations attacking the fruit) and damages of P. kellyanus nymphs depended on the orchards and years. This result emphasizes the importance of sampling weekly from petal until six weeks later. Furthermore, according to the data obtained, when there is a second generation of P. kellyanus nymphs, this is generally more damaging. Pezothrips kellyanus nymphs showed a clear preference for fruit located at the top of the trees, which coincided with the highest percentage of damaged fruit in this area. P. kellyanus nymphs were uniformly distributed and the cardinal directions and time of day does not seem to be an important factor to develop a sampling plan or to spray insecticides. The next objective was to determine the efficacy of three insecticides (chlorpyrifos, spinosad and spirotetramat) to control P. kellyanus nymphs. These insecticides were selected because of their different mode of action. Chlorpyrifos and spinosad significantly reduced the percentage of damaged fruit when there was one generation of nymphs. However, their persistence was not enough to prevent the attack of a second generation of nymphs. Spirotetramat had not a shock effect against this pest and it could not avoid the attack of a second generation. We analysed the side effects of these three insecticides on natural enemies present at the time of the treatment. Spinosad as spirotetramat negatively affected phytoseiids. Due to low populations of other natural enemies we could not assess the side effects on them. Therefore, we decided to study the side effects of these insecticides on coccinelids and parasitoids under laboratory conditions. Lethal and sublethal side effects of spirotetramat on adults and larvae of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) were evaluated under laboratory conditions by topical application and by ingestion of treated individuals of Planococcus citri Risso (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Spirotetramat resulted harmless when directly applied on larvae and adults of C. montrouzieri, since it did not affect survival, longevity, fecundity, egg hatching, and offspring survival. When larvae and adults of C. Montrouzieri were fed with treated prey, spirotetramat was also classified as harmless. We studied lethal and sublethal effects of spirotetramat, spinosad and chlorpyrifos on Aphytis melinus DeBach (Aphelinidae Hymenoptera), the main parasitoid of Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell) (Hemipteta: Diaspididae). For A. melinus adults, chlorpyrifos and spinosad were classified as toxic but spirotetramat resulted moderately toxic. For immature (larvae), chlorpyrifos was moderately toxic, spirotetramat was slightly toxic and spinosad resulted harmless. Takin into consideration these results, spirotetramat could be used against P. kellyanus in orchards where population levels are low and an application against A. aurantii is also need because this insecticide shows high efficacy against this pest.
[ES] Pezothrips kellyanus (Bagnall) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) es actualmente una plaga más en los cítricos valencianos, cuyas ninfas, al alimentarse de la superficie de los frutos recién cuajados, producen unas escarificaciones circulares alrededor del pedúnculo que devalúan el valor del fruto en el mercado. Hoy en día, el control químico es prácticamente la única alternativa contra este trips. Para mejorar la gestión integrada de P. kellyanus es necesario un mayor conocimiento sobre su biología y ecología en campo. Para ello, se ha seguido la dinámica poblacional de las ninfas de P. kellyanus durante el periodo en que los frutos recién cuajados son más sensibles a los daños producidos por las ninfas. Se ha estudiado la distribución de la plaga dentro de los árboles y su movimiento a lo largo del día, factores necesarios para estimar la población de trips y para afinar las aplicaciones de productos fitosanitarios. Tanto la dinámica como los daños variaron según parcelas y años. Tras la caída de pétalos se observaron una o dos generaciones de ninfas que produjeron daños en los frutos. Resultado que subraya la necesidad de realizar muestreos semanales desde la caída de pétalos hasta incluso después del tratamiento contra la primera generación. Además, según los datos obtenidos, cuando se da una segunda generación de P. Kellyanus, ésta es más dañina para los frutos. Las ninfas de P. kellyanus mostraron una preferencia por los frutos situados en la parte alta de la copa, coincidiendo con el mayor número de frutos dañados en esta zona. La distribución de las ninfas fue uniforme en las cuatro orientaciones del árbol y a lo largo del día. Por lo tanto, estos factores no parecen ser claves a la hora de desarrollar un plan de muestreo o realizar aplicaciones fitosanitarias. A continuación se determinó la eficacia de tres insecticidas (clorpirifos, spinosad y spirotetramat), con diferente modo de acción, en el control de las ninfas de P. kellyanus. Clorpirifos y spinosad redujeron significativamente el porcentaje de frutos dañados cuando se dio una sola generación de ninfas P. Kellyanus, sin embargo no evitaron el ataque de una segunda generación de ninfas. Spirotetramat no presentó un efecto de choque y no evitó el segundo ataque. En estos trabajos de campo, se analizaron los efectos secundarios de los insecticidas sobre los enemigos naturales presentes en el momento de los tratamientos. Spinosad como spirotetramat afectaron negativamente a las poblaciones fitoseidos en campo. Debido a las bajas poblaciones del resto de enemigos naturales no pudo evaluarse los efectos secundarios sobre ellos y se estudiaron en condiciones de laboratorio sobre coccinélidos y parasitoides. Se determinaron los efectos letales y subletales de spirotetramat en adultos y larvas de Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), por aplicación directa de los productos y por ingestión de presa, Planococcus citri Risso (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), previamente tratada por los productos. Spirotetramat resultó inocuo al aplicarse directamente sobre larvas o adultos de C. montrouzieri, y no afectó a la supervivencia, longevidad fecundidad, fertilidad y y supervivencia de la descendencia. Spirotetramat también resultó inocuo al alimentar a adultos y larvas de C. montrouzieri con presa previamente tratada. Se determinaron los efectos letales y subletales de los tres insecticidas sobre Aphytis melinus DeBach (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), principal parasitoide de Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell) (Hemipteta: Diaspididae) en cítricos. En adultos, clorpirifos y spinosad resultaron tóxicos mientras que spirotetramat resultó moderadamente tóxico. Sobre inmaduros de A. melinus, clorpirifos resultó moderadamente tóxico, spirotetramat ligeramente tóxico y spinosad inocuo. Así, spirotetramat se podría utilizar contra P. kellyanus en parcelas con niveles poblacionales bajos cuando deba tratarse también cont
[CAT] Pezothrips kellyanus (Bagnall) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) és, actualment, una plaga més dels cítrics valencians. Les nimfes es refugien i s'alimenten de la superfície dels fruits recentment quallats que produeix unes escarificacions circulars al voltant del peduncle del fruit i devaluen el seu valor al mercat. Hui en dia, el control químic és pràcticament l'única alternativa contra aquest trips. Per poder millorar la gestió integrada de P. kellyanus és necessari un major coneixement sobre la seua biologia i ecologia en camp. Per a això, s'ha avaluat la dinàmica poblacional de les nimfes de P. kellyanus durant el període on els fruits recentment quallats són més sensibles als danys produïts per les nimfes. A més, s'ha estudiat la distribució de la plaga dins dels arbres i el seu moviment al llarg del dia, factors necessaris per a estimar la població de trips i per afinar les aplicacions de productes fitosanitaris. Tant la dinàmica com els danys van variar segons parcel¿les i anys, després de la caiguda de pètals es van observar una o dues generacions de nimfes que van produir danys als fruits. Aquest resultat subratlla la necessitat de realitzar mostrejos setmanals des de la caiguda de pètals fins i tot després del tractament contra la primera generació. Segons les dades obtingudes, quan es dóna una segona generació de P. kellyanus, aquesta és més perjudicial per als fruits. Les nimfes van mostrar un clara preferència pels fruits situats a la part alta de la copa, coincidint amb el major nombre de fruits danyats en aquesta zona. No obstant això, la distribució de les nimfes va ser uniforme en les quatre orientacions de l'arbre i la seva abundància tampoc va variar al llarg del dia. Per tant, son factors que no semblen ser claus a l'hora de desenvolupar un pla de mostreig o realitzar aplicacions fitosanitàries. El següent objectiu va ser determinar l'eficàcia de tres insecticides (clorpirifos, spinosad i spirotetramat), amb acció diferent, en el control de les nimfes de P. kellyanus. Clorpirifos i spinosad van reduir significativament el percentatge de fruits danyats quan es va donar una sola generació de nimfes, però no varen evitar l'atac d'una segona generació de nimfes. Spirotetramat no va presentar un efecte de xoc contra aquesta plaga i tampoc va evitar l'atac d'una segona generació. En aquests treballs de camp, se va analitzar els efectes secundaris d'aquests tres insecticides sobre els enemics naturals presents en el moment dels tractaments. Spinosad i spirotetramat van afectar negativament les poblacions fitoseids en camp. Com varen ser baixes les poblacions de la resta d'enemics naturals es va estudiar els efectes secundaris sobre coccinélids i parasitoids en condicions de laboratori. Es varen determinar els efectes letals i subletals de spirotetramat en adults i larves de Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) per aplicació directa dels productes i per ingestió de presa, Planococcus citri Risso (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), prèviament tractada pels productes. Spirotetramat va resultar innocu a la aplicació directa sobre larves o adults de C. montrouzieri, no va afectar la supervivència, longevitat fecunditat, fertilitat i supervivència de la descendència. I el mateix quan adults i larves de van ser alimentats amb presa prèviament tractada. Finalment, es van determinar els efectes letals i subletals dels tres insecticides sobre Aphytis melinus DeBach (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), principal parasitoid de Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell) (Hemipteta: Diaspididae) en cítrics. En adults, clorpirifos i spinosad van resultar tòxics, spirotetramat va resultar moderadament tòxic. Sobre immadurs de A melinus, clorpirifos va resultar moderadament tòxic, spirotetramat lleugerament tòxic i spinosad innocu. Així, spirotetramat es podria utilitzar contra P. kellyanus en parcel¿les amb nivells poblacionals baixos aprofitant el tractament contra A. aurantii al p
Planes Insa, L. (2016). BASES PARA LA GESTIÓN INTEGRADA DE PEZOTHRIPS KELLYANUS (BAGNALL) (THYSANOPTERA: THRIPIDAE) EN CÍTRICOS [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/63676
TESIS

The Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover performed coordinated measurements to examine the textures and compositions of aeolian sands in the active Bagnold dune field. The Bagnold sands are rounded to subrounded, very fine to medium sized (similar to 45-500m) with 6 distinct grain colors. In contrast to sands examined by Curiosity in a dust-covered, inactive bedform called Rocknest and soils at other landing sites, Bagnold sands are darker, less red, better sorted, have fewer silt-sized or smaller grains, and show no evidence for cohesion. Nevertheless, Bagnold mineralogy and Rocknest mineralogy are similar with plagioclase, olivine, and pyroxenes in similar proportions comprising >90% of crystalline phases, along with a substantial amorphous component (35%15%). Yet Bagnold and Rocknest bulk chemistry differ. Bagnold sands are Si enriched relative to other soils at Gale crater, and H2O, S, and Cl are lower relative to all previously measured Martian soils and most Gale crater rocks. Mg, Ni, Fe, and Mn are enriched in the coarse-sieved fraction of Bagnold sands, corroborated by visible/near-infrared spectra that suggest enrichment of olivine. Collectively, patterns in major element chemistry and volatile release data indicate two distinctive volatile reservoirs in Martian soils: (1) amorphous components in the sand-sized fraction (represented by Bagnold) that are Si-enriched, hydroxylated alteration products and/or H2O- or OH-bearing impact or volcanic glasses and (2) amorphous components in the fine fraction (<40m; represented by Rocknest and other bright soils) that are Fe, S, and Cl enriched with low Si and adsorbed and structural H2O. Plain Language Summary The Bagnold dune field is an active sand field with moving dunes and sits between the landing site of the Curiosity rover and rocks of interest higher up on Mount Sharp. When passing through the dune field, we used all of Curiosity's instruments to measure the chemistry, mineralogy, and grain size of sands in the Bagnold dune field in order to figure out where they came from, how the sands are transported, and what volatile materials (like water) lie within Martian soils. We found that the Bagnold sand dunes are very well sorted; no dusty materials are found within them, in stark contrast to soils seen previously with Curiosity and with rovers at other landing sites. We found that the coarser sand grains are enriched in the volcanic minerals olivine and pyroxene, confirming a prediction from orbit that wind-related activity seems to concentrate these phases. We also found that the dunes were much lower in water and other volatile elements like sulfur and chlorine versus all previous Mars soils. Using a combination of the rover's sieving system and chemical measurement tools, we figured out that two types of materials host water. In the first type of material, common in these sands, water is low in abundance (similar to 1%), very tightly bound to the grains, and is not released until temperatures >200 degrees C. In the second type of material, water is higher in abundance (2%) and more easily released by heating. Sieved water-bearing fine materials may be a useful resource for human explorers.

Nella seguente tesi è stata studiata la frana di Montanino localizzata nel paese di Bagno di Romagna (FC) Il fenomeno franoso è localizzato su un’antica frana che, negli ultimi anni, ha ripreso a muoversi, seppur con movimenti minimi. In particolare, questa tesi si occupa di studiare dettagliatamente la frana e le zone limitrofe e valutare l’efficacia delle misure di sistemazione svolte in loco. A tale scopo sono stati quindi: - analizzati l’assetto geologico, geomorfologico e strutturale del franamento pre-intervento; - studiate le indagini geognostiche precedenti ai lavori di sistemazione. Sono stati poi approfonditi il rilevamento geologico di campo e la situazione strutturale al contorno del corpo franoso tramite l'elaborazione di quattro stazioni strutturali; inoltre, sono state svolte misurazioni piezometriche e di portata per determinare l’effettiva adeguatezza degli interventi. In aggiunta sono stati analizzati i dati ottenuti dai primi mesi di rilevamento ad opera della stazione totale posta in loco nel 2021 ed è stata svolta una serie di analisi di stabilità per studiare la situazione attuale del corpo franoso e valutare un possibile approfondimento dei drenaggi svolti in sito.

Mestrado em Engenharia Agronómica - Instituto Superior de Agronomia - UL
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar, a diversidade e abundância de tripes, associados a três parcelas de limoeiro na região de Mafra, através de duas técnicas de captura, e avaliar o grau de presença de Pezothrips kellyanus (Bagnall), de forma a compreender a sua evolução naquela região. Foi identificado um total de 1797 tisanópteros, dos quais 1793 pertenciam à subordem Terebrantia, e apenas quatro à subordem Tubulifera. Quanto ao tripes da subordem Terebrantia, registaram-se 11 géneros e duas famílias. A família Thripidae foi a mais abundante, representando 92,9% dos indivíduos identificados, sendo que os restantes pertenciam à família Aeolothripidae (7,1%), género Aeolothrips. Entre os géneros presentes da família Thripidae, destacaram-se Thrips (64,4%), Pezothrips (19,5%), e Frankliniella (6,5%). Pela técnica das pancadas, aplicada às flores, foram identificados 586 exemplares, pertecentes a cinco géneros e oito espécies. As três parcelas revelaram diferenças substanciais entre elas, tanto a nível de abundância como de diversidade de espécies. P. kellyanus predominou apenas na Parcela 1 (82,6%), tendo sido Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) a espécie mais representada na Parcela 2 (72,1%). Thrips flavus Schrank foi a espécie mais abundante na Parcela 3 (43,5%), seguida de P. kellyanus (32,9%). Foram identificados 1211 indivíduos no conjunto das armadilhas cromotrópicas adesivas. Dos 11 géneros detetados por este método de amostragem, Thrips predominou nas três parcelas (85,9%, 79,1% e 80,4%). Na Parcela 1 o segundo género mais representado foi Pezothrips (5,5%), ao passo que nas Parcelas 2 e 3 o segundo género detetado com maior abundância foi Aeolothrips (8,9% e 12,9%, respetivamente). Foi detetada uma presença significativa de Frankliniella na Parcela 2 (8,5%). Por comparação com a última amostragem realizada, em 2003 (Costa et al., 2006), nesta região e salvaguardando os diferentes métodos de amostragem utilizados, Pezothrips revelou um aumento significativo na sua abundância.

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A fauna de lsotomiella Bagnall, 1939 foi estudada do ponto de vista taxonômico e ecológico em quatro áreas da Floresta da Tijuca no período de agosto/ 1999 a julho/2000. Foram realizadas 24 coletas mensais de litter e de solo, totalizando cerca de 18.000 colêmbolos, dos quais, 3.552 pertencem ao gênero Isotomiella. Estudos morfológicos permitiram a descrição de 25 espécies, sendo 15 novas. A distribuição de 6 táxons foi ampliada. Obteve-se ainda um quadro representativo das espécies mais abundantes, frequentes e características de cada substrato. A maior diversidade e equitabilidade de espécies ocorreram na estação Barracão, e a maior riqueza, na estação Bom Retiro. A análise de correspondência e a de regressão múltipla mostraram que os fatores mais importantes na distribuição espaço-temporal foram a umidade e a temperatura do substrato e a temperatura mínima mensal.
The taxonomy and ecology of the fauna of Isotomiella Bagnall, 1939 was studied in four areas at Floresta da Tijuca, from August/ 1999 to July /2000. Twenty-four monthly collections were made in litter and soil, totaling about 18.000 springtails, from which 3.552 belong to the genus Isotomiella. Morphological studies enabled the description of 25 species, 15 of them new to science. The distribution of 6 taxa was enlarged. A representative picture of the most abundant, frequent and characteristic species of each substratum was also obtained. The largest diversity and equitability of species happened at "Barracão" station and, the largest richness, at "Bom Retiro" station. Both the correspondence analysis and the multiple regression showed that the most important elements in the spatial and temporal distribution were the humidity and the temperature of the substratum and the monthly minimum temperature.

Nella presente tesi viene condotta l'analisi strutturale della testa di un supporto al bagno di saldatura elicoidale per tubi di acciaio. Dopo una breve introduzione sui tubi di acciaio e sul Metodo agli Elementi Finiti, si analizza la testa utilizzando un software open source. I risultati ottenuti consentono di ottimizzare la geometria della testa.

Questa tesi si propone di fornire una descrizione del processo di organizzazione e produzione di eventi culturali che diventano parte dell’asse di sviluppo sociale di uno specifico territorio e offrono l’opportunità di preservare e diffondere il patrimonio culturale rafforzando, al contempo, i legami sociali, l’orgoglio locale e l’identità culturale della comunità. Si analizzerà, inoltre, come un evento può generare impatti di natura economica, socio-culturale, ambientale, turistica e politica sul territorio. In particolare a seguito dell’attività di tirocinio svolta presso l’associazione culturale Museo Tempo (Museo del Tessuto, dell’Emigrante e della Medicina Popolare) di Canicattini Bagni (Siracusa) verrà analizzata l’organizzazione degli eventi del percorso Armonie Liberty che hanno come obiettivo la valorizzazione del patrimonio architettonico di Canicattini Bagni: il Liberty o “Art Nouveau”; eventi inseriti nell’ambito delle manifestazioni del cartellone del XVIII Festival del Mediterraneo organizzato dall’Amministrazione comunale di Canicattini Bagni. Nell’ottica di ripartire e riprendere i sentieri lasciati per conoscere tradizioni e memorie antiche, il Museo Tempo, con sempre più consapevolezza e responsabilità ha dedicato tre giornate al liberty con tre diversi eventi: “Il Liberty in Testa – Dalla pietra alle acconciature” un concorso per acconciatori ispirato ai volti liberty; la mostra “Lo scalpellino e la sua musa – Donne reali e miti estetici” a cura dell’artista Rita Giliberto; “Canicattini dall’Etna al mare” evento basato sulla realizzazione di opere estemporanee.

La Tesi tratta della modellazione e dell'analisi di ponti ad arco in muratura. In particolare è stato studiato il caso del vecchio ponte di Bagno di Piano, sito al km 14 della S.P. 18 "Palludese" in comune di Sala Bolognese in Provincia di Bologna. L’obiettivo della Tesi di Laurea è duplice, nel senso che da un lato si cerca di risalire alle probabili cause del crollo e, dall’altra si intende mettere a punto un quadro operativo per l’analisi strutturale di ponti ad arco in muratura.

Tour à tour identifiées comme des « territoires sanitaires et touristiques » accueillant la haute société dans une logique de distinction, puis comme des « territoires de santé » associés à une clientèle âgée et souffrante en quête de soins, les villes thermales sont exposées à de nombreuses transformations depuis le XIXe siècle. Leur histoire est faite d’une succession de longues phases de croissance sanctionnées par d’importantes crises. Ces périodes d’incertitudes et d’instabilité s’accompagnent d’une redéfinition de l’offre et de l’image de ces villes. Elles s’inscrivent par ailleurs dans l’évolution des rapports de force entre groupes d’acteurs engagés dans leur gouvernement. Cette thèse s’inscrit donc dans le prolongement des travaux qui étudient les enjeux complexes de coordination entre État et acteurs locaux dans la gestion des villes (Worms, 1966 ; Crozier, Thoenig, 1975 ; Lorrain, 1989, 1991, 1993 ; Duran, Thoenig, 1996 ; Borraz, 1998, 2000 ; Epstein, 2005, 2015). Elle prolonge aussi ceux portant sur les régimes urbains en ce qu’ils sont attentifs aux problématiques de l’économie politique et questionnent la capacité d’action collective des acteurs locaux (Stone, 1989, 1993 ; Dormois, 2006, 2008 ; Pinson, 2010 ; Pasquier, 2017). L’analyse comparée et socio-historique des formes prises par le gouvernement municipal du thermalisme à Dax (Nouvelle-Aquitaine) et Bagnoles de l’Orne (Normandie) permet de saisir ces processus. La construction et l’approfondissement des relations établies entre groupes d’acteurs (politiques, institutionnels et économiques) investis dans la gestion et le développement de l'activité thermale sont placés au centre du questionnement. Interrogeant l’émergence et la structuration de capacités politiques territoriales nécessaires à la relance de l’économie, l’analyse se porte alors sur la création de coalitions d’acteurs, les mécanismes d’intégration censés les stabiliser, ainsi que sur les luttes, alliances et rapports de pouvoir issus de la co-construction du bien commun territorial en matière de thermalisme
In turn identified as "health and tourist territories" welcoming high society in a logic of distinction, then as "health territories" associated with an elderly and suffering clientele in search of care, thermal towns have been exposed to numerous transformations since the 19th century. Their history is made of a succession of long phases of growth sanctioned by important crises. These periods of uncertainty and instability are accompanied by a redefinition of the offer and the image of these towns. They are also part of the evolution of the balance of power between groups of actors involved in their government. This thesis is therefore an extension of work which studies the complex issues of coordination between the state and local actors in the management of cities (Worms, 1966; Crozier, Thoenig, 1975; Lorrain, 1989, 1991, 1993; Duran, Thoenig, 1996; Borraz, 1998, 2000; Epstein, 2005, 2015). It also extends those on urban regimes in that they are attentive to the problems of political economy and question the capacity for collective action of local actors (Stone, 1989, 1993; Dormois, 2006, 2008; Pinson, 2010; Pasquier, 2017). The comparative and socio-historical analysis of the forms taken by the municipal government of the thermal baths in Dax (New-Aquitaine) and Bagnoles de l'Orne (Normandy) enables us to grasp these processes. The construction and the deepening of the relations established between groups of actors (political, institutional and economic) involved in the management and the development of the thermal activity are placed at the centre of the questioning. Questioning the emergence and the structuring of territorial political capacities necessary to the revival of the economy, the analysis is then focused on the creation of coalitions of actors, on the integration mechanisms supposed to stabilize them, as well as on the struggles, alliances and power relations resulting from the co-construction of the territorial common good as regards thermalism

L'étude retrace la vie des Juifs de trois communes de l'est-parisien. Elle le fait par le biais de la "micro-histoire", de l'histoire "vue d'en bas". Par opposition aux travaux privilégiant la dimension politique, l'observation du rôle de l'état et des institutions à travers l'édifice législatif et règlementaire, cette approche, plus attentive au tissu de la vie quotidienne et serrant au plus près la diversité des expériences personnelles, s'avère particulièrement propice à l'analyse des attitudes et des engagements, plus apte à éclairer les comportements de l'opinion publique. Quelles spécificités caractérisèrent ces trois communautés avant-guerre ? Durant l'occupation, parmi les mesures de persécution, l'aryanisation économique et la déportation laminèrent à l'envi, une population exsangue réduite au rang de paria : quels furent les bilans économique et humain de ces politiques ? Au lendemain de la libération, la récupération des enfants disséminés dans les campagnes puis la mise en place de maisons d'enfants pour ceux devenus désormais orphelins ainsi que la récupération des biens confisqués, des appartements occupés, étaient au nombre des premières urgences. Quelles étapes furent nécessaires pour mener à bien ces démarches ? À quels résultats aboutirent-elles ?
The study retraces the lives of Jews in three towns in the eastern suburbs of paris. This is done using the technique of "micro-history", or history seen through the eyes of those who lived it. Unlike studies emphasing political aspects, the analysis of the role of the state and its institutions through legislative and regulatory edifices, this approach, which sticks closely to the fabric of daily life so as to better bring out the full diversity of personal experience, was considered the most apt for the analysis of ideas and political commitment, the most likely to clarify the evolution of public opinion. What are the differences which characterise these three pre-war communities ? The study describes how, during the German occupation, policies of persecution, economic aryanisation and deportation brought jews to their knees, reducing them to pariah status. What was the result of these policies, on a human as well as an economic level ? Immediately after the liberation, the return of children who had been disseminated in rural areas, the creation of children's homes for those who had become orphans, as well as the return of stolen property and occupied flats to their rightful owners were aims of extreme urgency to the jewish community. What had to be done in order to achieve these aims ? What results were obtained ?

La presente tesi ha come obiettivo la conservazione del manufatto e la valorizzazione del sito nel suo insieme di elementi non solamente storici e monumentali, ma anche naturalistici ed ambientali. Il progetto vuole trasmettere il valore artistico e storico del manufatto, spingendo alla sua scoperta un numero sempre maggiore di viaggiatori e di cultori del turismo d’esplorazione. Nel corso della fase conoscitiva si sono affrontate le questioni relativa alle forme di degrado in atto, dell’abbandono e della difficoltà di lettura del luogo progressivamente trasformato, modificato fino alla ruderizzazione, che hanno condotto ad una progettazione accorta e consapevole, ponendo attenzione alle effettive necessità conservative.

La révolte des Tuchins qui agita le Languedoc entre 1381 et 1384, loin d'être un mouvement d'asociaux acculés par la misère, s'inscrit dans une tradition de luttes sociales, de contestation de la pression fiscale et de résistance aux routiers dans le cadre de la guerre de Cent Ans. Organisés en compagnies commandées par un capitaine auquel les membres prêtent serment, les Tuchins sont le reflet d'une sociabilité villageoise se manifestant par le biais de rituels de compagnonnage et l'implication des élites urbaines et d'une partie de la noblesse. Leurs revendications (meilleure justice fiscale, suppression de la gabelle du sel, lutte contre les routiers) rejoignent les objectifs poursuivis par les communautés lors des États de Languedoc. Cette participation des élites constitue l'une des originalités d'un mouvement s'appuyant sur une forte identité régionale et démontre que la révolte, forme extrême de sociabilité, est un langage politique permettant de renouer un dialogue avec le roi.

La tesi, a partire dalla valle del Savio nel cesenate, tratta le problematiche delle aree interne, che a causa della distanza dai grandi centri e della mancanza di servizi, vanno incontro a fenomeni di spopolamento. A partire dall’analisi di questi territori si è cercato di individuare un percorso che permettesse di trovare nuove fonti di sviluppo, per questo motivo si è scelto di seguire il percorso partecipativo per la redazione del P.U.G. associato tra i comuni di Mercato Saraceno, Bagno di Romagna e Verghereto, dal quale sono emerse quelle che sono le priorità che, secondo i cittadini, dovrebbero essere nella visione strategica del territorio. Il primo strumento analizzato per lo sviluppo del territorio è l’ecomuseo, un’ organizzazione di tipo associativa che punta a coinvolgere il più possibile i rami della società al fine di cambiare la narrazione locale e favorire lo sviluppo. Il secondo strumento è quello della Strategia per le Aree interne che attraverso le politiche Place Based, punta al blocco dello spopolamento sviluppando le economie legate alle produzioni tipiche e riorganizzando i servizi. Questo strumento garantisce anche una grande quantità di fondi, riconfermati e aumentati grazie alle possibilità del Piano di Ripresa e Resilienza. Infine la scelta progettuale che è stata fatta è quella di creare un ecomuseo per l’alta valle del Savio in grado di creare delle sinergie con le realtà già attive sul territorio e di crearne di nuove attraverso tre interventi: La creazione di una sede per l’ecomuseo in cui attivare laboratori, recuperando l’edificio di un'ex scuola di Balze a Verghereto. Creare una green community nel borgo semiabbandonato di Valcava al fine primario di ripopolarlo e di dare vita a un sistema produttivo ecologico. L’ultimo intervento riguarda il recupero di edifici dismessi a favore della nascita di un albergo diffuso, si è scelta sempre la frazione di Balze a Verghereto, il più colpito dallo spopolamento.

In almost all industrial applications metallic materials are the most widely used and they are employed in a wide range of applications. These materials work in continuous contact with the surrounding environment; in fact, in this environment they fulfil the functions for which they are designed and manufactured. The interaction between the metallic material and the environment in which it operates is a chemical one and it is known as corrosion. Hot-dip galvanising is the most effective and widely used protection technique against corrosion. This technique is valuable because it has a dual action: firstly, a barrier is created that insulates the metal from the aggressive environment, and secondly, the zinc in the coating has a lower electrochemical potential than iron; therefore, the substrate is protected by the Zn-based coating even if this latter is damaged. The relationship between the mechanical properties of the coating and the parameters of the hot dip galvanising process can be understood by analysing the kinetics of coating developments. Indeed, the mechanical characteristics can be profoundly modified by intermetallic phases. For this reason, to supervise the phases present in the composition of the coating is necessary for improving the mechanical properties. In the scientific literature, there are some models that consider the kinetic development of intermetallic phases. Considering both the phenomena of interdiffusion between zinc and iron atoms, and the stability of the phases for a precise chemical composition, to anticipate the thickness of the phase is substantial. The formation and propagation of cracks can be anticipated through a damage model, which should be developed by analysing the damage micro-mechanisms of the intermetallic phases. In this activity, the hot dip galvanizing process was applied to low carbon steel samples, considering different bath compositions. Then, the obtained coatings were studied by optical microscopy, analysing and identifying the formation of different intermetallic phases, depending on the composition of the bath. After, bending tests were carried out in the laboratory using the Duncan mechanism, which was suitably mounted on a 100 kN electromechanical machine. Five different protective zinc coatings were characterised and compared, which derived from immersion in different baths. Specifically, the five baths used were: pure Zn, Zn - Pb 1%, Zn - Al 5%, Zn - Sn 3% and Zn - Ti 0.5%; moreover, five different immersion times were considered: 15, 60, 180, 360 and 900 seconds. The temperature used in the galvanizing phase was instead kept constant at about 460 °C for all the investigated conditions. The obtained thicknesses and the various damage caused by the stress were then compared and analysed, through various comparisons carried out by means of optical microscope observations on the sections of the different galvanised specimens. Therefore, through this study, it was possible to identify the various damage mechanisms of the intermetallic phases as a function of the dipping time and the bath composition. It was found that the damage mechanisms were mainly represented by nucleation and growth of radial cracks in correspondence of the hardest and most fragile phases of the coating. It was also possible to evaluate the importance of ductile phases presence and how their thickness growth tended to stop the propagation of defects. Finally, replacing toxic elements such as Lead in favour of elements such as Tin, Aluminium and Titanium was preliminary evaluated; however, further studies are necessary in order to improve the homogeneity and uniformity of the zinc coating for avoiding possible problems of coating adhesion and detachment.

La ricerca proposta ha l’obiettivo di indagare le potenzialità espressive e tettoniche generate attraverso la simulazione digitale delle dinamiche processuali ricorrenti nei sistemi complessi. Sono state, in particolare, sviluppate strategie di design computazionale al fine di integrare all’interno dell’algoritmo multi-agent specifiche qualità spaziali e di intrinseca efficienza costruttiva per favorire la progettazione a scala architettonica. Attraverso la ridistribuzione del controllo in moltitudini di unità autonome operative è possibile, infatti, orientare la progettazione dello spazio verso gradi di complessità crescente e di elevata risoluzione formale. Il sistema generato compie dinamicamente una riorganizzazione topologica sulla base delle relazioni locali e degli stimoli ambientali sviluppando comportamenti emergenti di organizzazione macro-superficiale. L’incorporamento di un modello spaziale locale all’interno di ogni agente, contribuisce alla generazione di morfologie particolarmente rigorose e fortemente risolute a fronte di condizionamenti extra-sistemici. In termini di progettazione, tale approccio permette di sviluppare strutture complesse, fortemente eterogenee e ridondanti, in grado di garantire continuità superficiale e strutturalità attraverso reticoli di micro-membrature reciprocamente connesse. L’intrinseca flessibilità morfologica esprime le proprie potenzialità nell’ambito architettonico individuato (complesso termale inserito in contesto naturale) grazie alla generazione di superfici continue nello spazio in grado di integrare molteplici istanze funzionali attraverso l’emergenza di comportamenti spaziali adattivi. La modulazione differenziata degli effetti espressivi superficiali deriva, infatti, dalla gestione di parametri processuali che influenzano la formazione dei pattern organizzativi e, coerentemente con essa, l’adozione di specifiche strategie in ambito costruttivo.

Il primo passo verso un progetto di restauro è costituito dal riconoscimento dell’opera d’arte, che è ciò che spinge al desiderio di trasmetterla al futuro. Nel momento in cui ad un oggetto si riconosce una valenza storica e artistica, questo assume per la collettività un valore che va conservato e potenziato. Attraverso una approfondita conoscenza delle vicende che hanno interessato la villa dal momento della sua edificazione fino ai giorni nostri, è stato possibile realizzare un progetto che mira alla sua conservazione e alla valorizzazione.

L’oggetto del presente elaborato è una proposta di traduzione in italiano dei libri per bambini “A noite dos animais inventados” e “O tubarão na banheira” dello scrittore portoghese David Machado, pubblicati da Editorial Presença, rispettivamente nel 2006 e nel 2009. Nei primi capitoli viene tracciato un breve excursus sulla letteratura per l’infanzia e sul Piano Nazionale di Lettura portoghese. Nei capitoli 4 e 5 sono presentati l’autore e le opere. A seguire vengono forniti una proposta di traduzione ed un commento in cui sono spiegati il processo e le scelte traduttive effettuate.

Neste trabalho, apresentamos os resultados de um projeto de intervenção realizado com alunos de uma escola da zona rural de Palmeirante, norte do Estado do Tocantins, no qual buscamos conhecer e aplicar a proposta apresentada na Gramática Pedagógica do Português Brasileiro, de Marcos Bagno. Nessa gramática, o autor propõe que o aluno tenha oportunidade de perceber a gama de possibilidades de usos da língua, bem como se conscientizar que os conhecimentos gramaticais normativos são importantes para sua formação. Nessa perspectiva, essa pesquisa do tipo pesquisa-ação e de cunho qualitativo se valeu de atividades desenvolvidas com os alunos como também de questionário respondido por eles. Dessa forma, nosso objetivo foi constatar as vantagens e desvantagens que a proposta da Gramática Pedagógica oferece em relação ao ensino-aprendizagem da sintaxe do Português Brasileiro. A partir do projeto desenvolvido concluímos que não é possível aplicar, em todos os conteúdos gramaticais e na íntegra, o que Bagno propõe, entretanto, acreditamos ser interessante a nomeação de um ou dois conteúdo gramaticais a cada ano letivo, restringindo a aplicação da proposta a esse conteúdo em forma de projeto. Assim, o professor teria a oportunidade de mostrar aos alunos as mudanças linguísticas, como também proporcionar uma reflexão em relação à língua e seus usos.
In this work, we show the results of a intervene proposal carried with students of a school from a Palmeirante‘s rural place, north from Tocantins state, in which know and apply the proposal showed on Gramática Pedagógica do Português Brasileiro, by Marcos Bagno. In this grammar the author propose that the student has opportunity to notice the possibility‘s range of language uses, as well to become aware that the knowledge normative grammar are important for theirs formation. In this perspective, this research of tip action-research and were qualitative was made from exercises developed with the students and too questionnaire answered by them. In this way, our objective was notice the advantages and disadvantages that Gramática Pedagógica propose offer in relation to teaching-learning of the Brazilian Portuguese syntax. From project developed we concluded that it‘s not possible apply, on all grammar content and full, what Bagno proposes, however, we believe be interesting the appoint one or two grammar contents for year, restricting the propose apply to this content in project form. In this way, the teacher would have the opportunity to show to students the linguistics changes, and too provide a reflection in relation to use‘s tongue.

La banlieue rouge, ceinture de municipalités autour de Paris conquises par le Parti communiste à partir des années 1920, s'est longtemps caractérisée par des politiques de redistribution sociale en faveur de la classe ouvrière, en particulier dans le champ de l'habitat. Depuis les années 1970, la banlieue rouge a été marquée par de profondes transformations économiques et sociales qui ont déstabilisé le communisme municipal. Cette thèse porte sur les interactions entre les politiques locales de l'habitat en banlieue rouge et les stratégies résidentielles et l'inscription territoriale des classes moyennes, dans des contextes socio-spatiaux où ces ménages restent très minoritaires. Depuis les années 1980, l'objectif de mixité sociale est central dans les politiques locales de l'habitat en banlieue rouge ; ces municipalités ont choisi de diversifier l'offre de logement, au sein du parc social mais également en développant le logement privé. La volonté d'attirer et de fixer des classes moyennes entre en tension avec la nécessité de loger les classes populaires et populations démunies. Cette thèse montre que les municipalités communistes se distinguent toujours par une forte régulation et des pratiques d'innovation dans le champ de l'habitat. L'enquête de terrain menée auprès des classes moyennes dans deux communes (Bagnolet, Saint-Denis) permet de nuancer le rôle des contraintes économiques dans leurs stratégies résidentielles : leur installation en banlieue rouge leur permet de satisfaire des aspirations à l'égard du logement mais aussi du quartier de résidence. En outre, certains ménages expriment une préférence pour les quartiers populaires et ont un rapport positif à la mixité sociale, dans certains cas assorti d'un engagement auprès des populations défavorisées. D'autres sont plus réservés à l'égard de la mixité sociale, et adoptent des stratégies de conquête territoriale, ou choisissent de quitter la banlieue rouge pour s'installer dans de quartiers plus aisés. Nous analysons les ressorts de l'ancrage et du rapport à la mixité sociale des classes moyennes, en les reliant à leurs trajectoires sociales et résidentielles
The red suburbs are a belt of municipalities surrounding Paris that have been conquered by the Communist party from the 20's. For a long time, they have been characterized by social redistribution policies in favour of the working class, especially in the housing field. Since the 70's, the red suburbs have known intense economic and social transformation that destabilized the municipal communism. This thesis deals with the interactions between local housing policies in the red suburbs and residential strategies and territorial integration of middle classes, in a socio-spatial context where they are in minority. Since the 80's, social mix is a main objective of local housing policies in the red suburbs; those municipalities chose to diversify the housing stock, within die social housing stock, but also in developing private houses. The will to attract and stabilize middle classes contends with the necessity of offering dwellings to working classes and destitute populations. This thesis shows that communist municipalities still distinguish themselves by a strong regulation and by innovative practices in the housing policies field. The field survey with middle classes in two municipalities (Bagnolet, Saint-Denis) allows to moderate the role of economic constraints in their residential strategies : settling in the red suburbs give them opportunities to satisfy their aspirations about the dwelling but also about the residential neigbourhood Furthermore, some households show a preference for working class districts, and have a positive attitude towards social mix. In some cases this goes with personal commitment in direction of destitut populations. Some others are more reserved towards social mix, and use territorial conquest strategies, or choose to leave the red suburbs in direction of more wealthy districts. We analyze the functioning of local anchorage and of die attitude towards social mix of middle classes, in relation with their social and residential trajectories

Percevoir une ville suppose l'expérience d'un ensemble d'architectures. Ce travail part de l'hypothèse inverse selon laquelle l'objet bâti ne corrobore pas nécessairement la construction de l'urbain, mais entraîne une divergence de point de vue. Si le travail de l'architecte consiste en une recherche formelle, l'activité de l'aménageur comprend aussi la mise au point de normes et de lois et l'organisation de la construction de manière à répondre aux besoins de la population en matière d'habitat ou de transports, ou à favoriser un développement industriel et économique. En cela, la pratique de l'urbanisme se distingue du projet architectural, dans la mesure où ce dernier se situe plutôt dans le domaine de l'esthétique, alors que l'aménagement des villes est proche du politique. Il s'agit d'examiner la participation de ces deux registres à la mise en place du projet urbain, la rencontre entre motivations politiques et recherches esthétiques. En retraçant l'avancement de quatre chantiers de logements: la ville verte de Briey-en-Forêt, la ville nouvelle de Bagnols¬sur-Cèze, la cité des 4'000 à La Courneuve et la ZUP de Bures-Orsay. Ces quatre sites, abordés dans leur dimension historique et actuelle permettent d'interroger la place de l'objet architectural dans le projet urbain à la fin des années cinquante, période durant laquelle la construction ne contribue plus seulement à l'organisation et à la gestion de la ville, mais à donner forme à l'ensemble du territoire national. En composant avec la multiplicité des points de vue qui participent à leur réalisation, les frontières disciplinaires disparaissent au profit d'une approche pragmatique des problèmes
Cities are perceived as an ensemble of various architectures built in time. Contray to this first assumption, this thesis examines how the passage from the architectural to the urban, doesn't necessarily occur as a smooth transition, but creates a divergence of points of view. Indeed, if the work of the architect consists in formaI research, the activity of the urban planner encompasses the development of norms and laws for answering the population needs in habitat and transport, or boosting industrial and economic growth. In this respect, the architectural project entails an aesthetic approach and regional planning involves political decisions. How do these two ranges of discourse participate to decisions concerning urban projects? The exploration of this encounter between political motivation and aesthetic research takes place through the analysis of four large sc ale housing building sites: Briey-en-Forêt, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, les 4'000 in La Courneuve and the ZUP of Bures-Orsay. Analyzed in their historie and present condition. These four sites examine the place of the architectural object in the urban project during the end of the fifties To take into consideration the multiplicity of points of views involved in the execution of these projects implies the disappearance of disciplinary boundaries. The specific approaches belonging to the history of architecture, the political and institutional history, urban sociology and anthropology. Are abandoned to the advantage of a pragmatic approach that strives to understand the mechanisms that put in place this construction in the light of today’s systematic demolition of these buildings

Il est généralement reconnu que les années cinquante marquent les débuts de l’affirmation de l’architecture moderne au Tessin, canton suisse de langue italienne : une Modernité qui, dans ses différentes déclinaisons, dépasse ce caractère pionnier et épisodique qui avait dominé les années précédant la seconde guerre mondiale. Cette décennie et la suivante restent cependant un terrain d’enquête peu fréquenté. Cette thèse doctorale sur travaux se propose d’éclaircir par le biais d’études de cas exemplaires, les échanges et les interactions qui se déploient dans une région de frontière également exposée aux influences culturelles rayonnant de Milan et de Zurich. La méthodologie qui a orientée les travaux ici présentés, fait appel à l’analyse génétique et intertextuelle des architectures convoquées, qui sont autant d’approfondissements ciblés sur l’œuvre de Rino Tami (1908-1994), Aurelio Galfetti (1936), Flora Ruchat-Roncati (1937-2012), aussi bien que sur des personnalités cruciales (et jusqu’à présent peu étudiées) comme Peppo Brivio (1923-2016) et Tita Carloni (1931-2012) ; ce dernier protagoniste, avec Franco Ponti (1921-1984), du courant "organiciste". Bien que manifestant la persuasion qu’un jugement critique sur l’architecture au Tessin, dans la période considérée, ne pourra être formulé qu’après avoir analysé un vaste ensemble d’œuvres et de projets, la thèse propose, dans les Conclusions, cinq points qui ont qualifié le débat et la pratique architecturale au Tessin: l’attention au rapport avec le site ; la valeur territoriale de l’œuvre d’architecture ; le rôle ordonnateur de la géométrie ; l’attention au détail constructif et la centralité du chantier ; le projet comme forme de critique et la pratique de l’architecture comme engagement civil
It is widely accepted that the 1950s marked the start of the spread of modern architecture in the Ticino, the Italian-speaking canton of Switzerland. It was then that Modernity, in its various acceptations, became the common heritage of many architects in Ticino, going beyond the pioneering and episodic character typical of the years before World War II. This decade and the following one remain nevertheless a field of investigation poorly studied by historians. The present cumulative PhD thesis seeks to investigate, on the basis of study cases held to be exemplary, the exchanges and interactions that unfolded in a border region equally exposed to the cultural influences of both Milan and Zurich. The methodological framework that has guided the works presented here, set out in the Introduction, is based on the genetic and intertextual analysis of the study cases, which are focusing on the work of Rino Tami (1908-1994), Aurelio Galfetti (1936), Flora Ruchat-Roncati (1937-2012), as well as crucial (and so far little studied) personalities such as Peppo Brivio (1923-2016) and Tita Carloni (1931-2012); the latter, together with Franco Ponti (1921-1984), a protagonist of the "organicist" movement. Although convinced that a critical judgement on architecture in Ticino in the period under consideration can only be formulated after analysing a vast body of works and projects, the thesis proposes, in the Conclusions, five points qualifying the debate and architectural practice in Ticino: the attention to the relationship with the site; the territorial value of the architectural work; the ordering role of geometry; the attention to constructive detail and the centrality of the building site; the project as a form of criticism and the practice of architecture as civil commitment

碩士
國立屏東科技大學
植物保護系所
96
Megalurothrips usitatus (Bagnall) is a very general pest on the legume. Different geographical populations can not be identified by morphological characteristics. This study utilizes COI mtDNA and ITS2 rDNA region of M. usitatus from different areas in Taiwan to analyze its genetic variation, and address gene flow among different populations. In addition, three kinds of DNA extraction methods were tested and high quality of DNA could be acquired within 15 minutes in the undestroied condition of thrips specimens. In 177 COI sequences, 20 unique haplotypes were found, and the estimate of haplotype diversity, nucleotide diversity, sequence variations among populations, differentiated FST, and gene flow Nm value were 0.65851, 0.00233, 0.1~0.4%, 0.00290~0.15927, and 2.64~172.00, respectively. In 170 ITS2 sequences, 143 haplotypes were found. The haplotype diversity, nucleotide diversity, sequence variations among populations, differentiated FST, and gene flow Nm value were 0.9954, 0.01751, 0.4%~1.2%, 0.00727~0.28264, and 0.63~34.13, respectively. Result of phylogenetic analysis, based on Neighbor-Joining method, showed there are 2 lineages in COI sequences, and 7 lineages in ITS2 sequences. With individual heterogeneity analysis of ITS2 rDNA region, we found that overlapping nucleotides will interfere the sequence resolution as gap was existed. To combine the above evidences of ITS2 rDNA region and COI mtDNA sequences, that differentiated processes of mtCOI is inconsistent to that of nuclear ITS2 rDNA region. The results also proved that high frequency possibilite of hybridization occurred in different population of M. usitatus either from natural colonization or artificial dispersal of this thrips.

Haplothrips victoriensis Bagnall (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) is an indigenous thrips of southern Australia. It is known as a predator of two-spotted mite. This project investigated various biological characteristics of H. victoriensis as a precursor to its potential use in biological control. In addition, H. victoriensis is very difficult to distinguish from other Haplothrips species in terms of morphology, especially as there are no keys to larvae. DNA barcoding and morphology of the larval stages are used to address these issues. The thesis is divided into seven chapters comprising an introduction, four main research chapters, conclusion and reference chapters. Chapter 2 covers the culturing techniques for H. victoriensis. Some new cases and rearing processes were designed to culture H. victoriensis and its prey. These were following series of rearing techniques investigated including rearing H. victoriensis for egg collection, H. victoriensis larvae and adults for biological and morphological observations, mass rearing of H. victoriensis, WFT and Tyrophagus mites, and rearing WFT for egg collection. Predatory H. victoriensis was reared in the laboratory with various diets of honey, pollen, Tyrophagus mites and western flower thrips (WFT). Chapter 3 investigates the biological development of H. victoriensis, including egg, larva, prepupa, pupa and adult stages. Haplothrips victoriensis fed with 10% honey solution, mixed pollen and Tyrophagus eggs took about 16-22 days to develop from eggs to adults at 25 oC. Developmental times of immature H. victoriensis varied when fed on different food sources. The longevity of H. victoriensis was significantly different with different diets. Chapter 4 examines predatory and cannibalistic characteristics and consumption of H. victoriensis on various prey. Haplothrips victoriensis was found to feed on many kinds of common prey; Two spotted mite (TSM), Tyrophagus mite, WFT, spotted alfalfa aphid, greenhouse whitefly and diamond back moth but not on ash whitefly. Importantly, H. victoriensis was also found to be cannibalistic which might affect population fluctuations in the laboratory and in the field. Chapter 5 examines the ecology and hosts of H. victoriensis in South Australia and taxonomy of H. victoriensis and some other Haplothrips species being similar to H. victoriensis. Haplothrips victoriensis was found to live on flowers from a range of different plant families. Morphological characteristics of the immature stages of H. victoriensis and a key developed to separate common Haplothrips in S.A. As well, COI was used to possibly identify H. victoriensis and its morphologically similar taxa and investigate whether H. victoriensis is a single species or perhaps contains cryptic species. None of the specimens of H. victoriensis included in the analyses showed any variation in COI indicating a single species for horticultural areas in S.A. Chapter 6 provides an overall discussion of the main results and indicates areas of future research.
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Thesis (M.Sc.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2010

L’uso di rivestimenti in zinco e leghe di zinco sugli acciai è una delle tecniche commercialmente più importanti usate per proteggere i componenti esposti all’ambiente esterno. Lo scopo di questo lavoro è stato quello di studiare l’effetto del titanio sui rivestimenti zincati, in quanto l’aggiunta di questo elemento comporta una colorazione della superficie. Si è cercato così di unire l’effetto protettivo della zincatura alla bellezza di una colorazione resa solidale al ricoprimento grazie alla formazione di ossidi superficiali, e ovviare così ai problemi dei sistemi duplex zincatura‐verniciatura. I rivestimenti così ottenuti sono stati caratterizzati dal punto di vista strutturale e meccanico, per poterne valutare l’affidabilità e il campo di applicazioni.

Lo studio delle anfore della cuspide nord-orientale della Sicilia, condotto su base bibliografica per alcuni centri e attraverso l’analisi diretta dei materiali provenienti dai siti campione di Patti Marina e dalle isole Eolie, ha rivelato l’importante ruolo che l’isola in generale e il comprensorio analizzato nello specifico, hanno ricoperto all’interno del commercio dei prodotti sin dalla tardo età repubblicana e per tutta imperiale e tardoantica, ridimensionandosi gradualmente, senza mai tuttavia scomparire del tutto, in età bizantina. La presenza alla fine del I sec. a.C. delle numerose Dressel 2-4 di provenienza campana e, in quantità seppur più modeste, di prodotti dell’area adriatica definisce i primi rapporti commerciali del comprensorio con la penisola italica, destinati ad intensificarsi durante i secoli successivi. Contestuale è l’apertura verso i commerci internazionali, riguardanti in una prima fase l’area del Mediterraneo occidentale ed in particolare la Gallia e la Spagna, i cui prodotti tuttavia, destinati principalmente ai mercati romani, toccarono solo di passaggio le coste settentrionali dell’isola. Commerci con il Mediterraneo orientale, e principalmente con l’isola di Creta, sono attestati in misura nettamente maggiore, soprattutto nell’arcipelago eoliano, tappa di passaggio obbligata nelle rotte verso occidente. Dal quadro esaminato emerge chiaramente la forte attività produttiva dei centri dell’isola già dalla tardo età repubblicana: alle Dressel 2-4 prodotte nei diversi centri del comprensorio (Caronia, Naxos), fecero seguito le produzioni nassie di anfore ritenute di imitazione gallica e i tipi Ostia II 523/Sant’Alessio e Spinella, adibiti al trasporto del vino tauromenitano verso i mercati romani, a cui si affiancarono le produzioni di MR 1A e B della più meridionale Acium. All’estrema vivacità produttiva dell’area ionica dovette fare seguito una analoga attività nell’area tirrenica, dove alcune delle successive produzioni sembrano essere presenti già alla metà del III sec. d.C. Lo stesso periodo è segnato dalla comparsa sui mercati dei prodotti africani, ben attestati nel comprensorio, tuttavia in quantità alquanto esigue se confrontate, a partire dalla metà del IV sec. d.C. con i prodotti di produzione locale, in particolare la grande famiglia tipologica delle anfore a fondo piatto e umbonato, caratterizzata da una estrema varietà morfologica dell’orlo che riflette i numerosi centri produttivi della costa: Termini Imerese, Caronia, Furnari/Tonnarella e Capo-d’Orlando Bagnoli, a cui è possibile aggiungere, grazie alle analisi condotte sui materiali, anche Patti, dove le numerose varianti identificate, alcune delle quali confrontabili solo con gli esemplari romani, lasciano chiaramente intendere il ruolo che questo centro dovette ricoprire nelle attività produttive di età romana e oltre. Nello stesso ambito produttivo rientrano le Keay LII, alla cui produzione, ampiamente attestata sul litorale ionico (Naxos e Acium), si unisce quelle dei centri della Calabria meridionale e le anfore Crypta Balbi, tipi entrambi largamente attestati e dominanti nelle stratigrafie romane di fine IV-VI sec. d.C. Tenendo conto di un distretto così produttivamente sviluppato, che probabilmente doveva riuscire da solo a soddisfare il fabbisogno locale, perlomeno di vino, tanto da poter esportare i prodotti in eccedenza verso i mercati romani, non stupisce la quantità circoscritta delle importazioni africane a cui si affiancano, a partire dal IV sec. d. C. anche quelle orientali costituite dalle Late Roman. I commerci, ridotti drasticamente in età bizantina, continuarono tuttavia a persistere con le importazioni di anfore globulari provenienti dall’oriente e dall’area campana, ancora poco conosciute all’interno del comprensorio indagato.

Streszczenie Naturalne, niezaburzone antropogenicznie torfowiska pełnią niezwykle istotne funkcje. Są to, jedne z największych globalnych magazynów węgla, a w skali zlewni stanowią ważne miejsce retencji pierwiastków biogennych. Typowe dla torfowisk stałe wysokie uwodnienie oraz wycofywanie z obiegu pierwiastków biogennych wywołują w zbiorowisku roślinnym stresy anoksji oraz niskiej żyzności. Czynniki te ograniczają produkcję pierwotną i zwiększają szanse przetrwana na torfowiskach gatunków roślin słabych konkurencyjnie, często zagrożonych. Równocześnie torfowiska należą dziś do ekosystemów najszybciej degradujących się za sprawą działalności człowieka. W wyniku osuszenia powierzchniowe warstwy torfu ulegają mineralizacji, co powoduje emisję węgla do atmosfery oraz eutrofizację wód powierzchniowych. Ponadto na skutek zaniku czynników stresowych silnie konkurencyjne gatunki wypierają słabsze gatunki wyspecjalizowane. Aby ograniczyć negatywne skutki degradacji torfowisk rozpoczęto realizację projektów restytucji przyrodniczej tych ekosystemów. Początkowo metodą stosowaną w tych zabiegach było podniesienie poziomu wody poprzez zablokowanie rowów odwadniających. Metodę tą krytykowano jednak za jej negatywny wpływ na efekt cieplarniany (okresowe znaczne zwiększanie emisji metanu) oraz z powodu wzrostu żyzności (następującego równocześnie ze zwiększeniem uwilgotnienia), który uniemożliwia odtworzenie populacji rzadkich gatunków torfowiskowych. Drugą rzadziej stosowaną w restytucji torfowisk niskich metodą jest usuwanie wierzchniej, zdegradowanej warstwy torfu. Skuteczność tej metody w odtwarzaniu zbiorowisk roślinnych typowych dla torfowisk niskich została dobrze udokumentowana. Jednak do dziś nie wiadomo, jak metoda ta wpływa na relatywną dostępność poszczególnych pierwiastków biogennych, co może mieć duże znaczenie dla rozwoju fitocenoz. Co więcej, wiedza o wpływie tej metody na odtworzenie usług ekosystemowych torfowisk, takich jak wpływ na bilans gazów cieplarnianych czy obieg pierwiastków w zlewni, jest skąpa i oparta na pośrednim wnioskowaniu. Celem niniejszej rozprawy doktorskiej była ocena skuteczności restytucji torfowiska niskiego metodą usuwania zdegradowanej warstwy gleby w zakresie jej wpływu na: (1) warunki wzrostu roślin; (2) przywrócenie usług ekosystemowych związanych z obiegiem pierwiastków; (3) efekt cieplarniany, oraz porównanie tej metody z metodą powtórnego nawodnienia zdegradowanego torfowiska. Terenem badań było torfowisko Bagno Całowanie, na którym realizowany był projekt restytucji przyrodniczej, obejmujący m. in. usunięcie warstwy zdegradowanego torfu z powierzchni ok. 2 ha. Badania prowadziłem na tym obszarze oraz na zlokalizowanych wokół niego powierzchniach kontrolnych (zdegradowane, przesuszone partie torfowiska), referencyjnych (refugia roślinności nawiązującej do mechowisk zlokalizowane w obszarach dawnego wydobycia torfu) oraz poletkach eksperymentalnych, na których imitowano restytucję metodą powtórnego nawodnienia. Uzyskane przeze mnie wyniki wskazują, że metoda usuwania warstwy zdegradowanego torfu, w odróżnieniu od metody powtórnego nawodnienia zdegradowanego torfowiska, pozwala ograniczyć stężenia pierwiastków biogennych w roztworze glebowym oraz nie wywołuje zwiększenia emisji metanu. Z drugiej strony okazało się, że zastosowanie tej metody nie doprowadziło do odtworzenia warunków siedliskowych charakteryzujących się zasobnością w kationy metali zbliżoną do ekosystemów referencyjnych. Ponadto, względna dostępność fosforu w stosunku do azotu nie została ograniczona w stopniu wystarczającym, by odtworzyć warunki, w których produkcja pierwotna byłaby limitowana niedoborem tego pierwiastka (co sprzyjałoby zagrożonym gatunkom roślin). Ponadto, gdy w analizie wpływu na efekt cieplarniany uwzględniłem także efekt mineralizacji usuniętej zdegradowanej warstwy torfu, metoda usuwania warstwy zdegradowanej okazała się mniej korzystna dla klimatu (wskutek emisji dwutlenku węgla do atmosfery) niż metoda powtórnego nawodnienia. Pomimo wykazanych w pracy wad usuwania warstwy zdegradowanego torfu, ta metoda może zostać uznana za bardziej efektywną pod względem odtwarzania usług ekosystemowych oraz warunków występowania słabych konkurencyjnie gatunków roślin od powtórnego nawodnienia w ogólnym porównaniu obydwu metod. Ograniczenie stężeń azotanów i fosforanów sprzyja odtworzeniu niskoproduktywnych ekosystemów torfowiskowych. Ponadto w następstwie restytucji ograniczony zostaje ładunek azotu trafiający do zlewni, w której znajduje się torfowisko, a ilość dopływającego do niej fosforu pozostaje bez zmian. Problem wpływu dwutlenku węgla z mineralizującego się, usuniętego zdegradowanego torfu, na efekt cieplarniany może zaś zostać rozwiązany, jeśli torf ten zostanie wykorzystany w rolnictwie, leśnictwie lub ogrodnictwie jako substytut torfu wydobytego z niezaburzonych hydrologicznie torfowisk. W ten sposób emisje gazów cieplarnianych wywołane przez działania restytucji zostaną skompensowane przez ograniczenie emisji na innym obszarze.