Articles de revues : « Bacillus subtili »

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Xiaoming, Chen, Ren Zhenglong, Zhang Jianguo, Zheng Chun, Tan Bisheng, Yang Chengde et Chu Shijin. « Fast Neutron Radiation Effects on Bacillus Subtili ». Plasma Science and Technology 11, n^o 3 (juin 2009) : 368–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1009-0630/11/3/22.

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Zhou, Chengchong, Hui Wang, Xige Li, Yaner Luo, Mengqi Xie, Zhixin Wu et Xiaoxuan Chen. « Regulatory Effect of Bacillus subtilis on Cytokines of Dendritic Cells in Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon Idella) ». International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, n^o 2 (17 janvier 2019) : 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20020389.

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Bacillus subtilis is a common group of probiotics that have been widely used in the feed industry as they can increase host resistance to pathogens and balance the immune response. However, the regulatory mechanism of Bacillus subtilis on the host immune system remains unclear in teleosts. In this study, we isolated and enriched dendritic cells from white blood cells (WBCs), and then stimulated them with Bacillus subtilis. Morphological features, specific biological functions, and authorized functional molecular markers were used in the identification of dendritic cells. Subsequently, we collected stimulated cells at 0, 4, and 18 h, and then constructed and sequenced the transcriptomic libraries. A transcriptome analysis showed that 2557 genes were up-regulated and 1708 were down-regulated at 4 h compared with the control group (|Fold Change| ≥ 4), and 1131 genes were up-regulated and 1769 were down-regulated between the cells collected at 18 h and 4 h (|Fold Change| ≥ 4). Gene Ontology (GO) annotations suggested many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (p < 0.05 and |Fold Change| ≥ 4) were involved in immune-related biological functions including immune system progress, cytokine receptor binding, and cytokine binding. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that the cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction pathways were significantly enriched at both time points (p < 0.05), which may play a key role in the response to stimulation. Furthermore, mRNA expression level examination of several pro-inflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines genes by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) indicated that their expressions can be significantly increased in Bacillus subtili, which suggest that Bacillus subtilis can balance immune response and tolerance. This study provides dendritic cell (DC)-specific transcriptome data in grass carp by Bacillus subtilis stimulation, allowing us to illustrate the molecular mechanism of the DC-mediated immune response triggered by probiotics in grass carp.

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Liu, Ying Ying, Qun Hui Wang, Li Wei Chen, Xiao Qiang Wang et Juan Wang. « Optimization of Lactic Acid Production from Food Waste by the Saccharification of Bacillus subtili ». Advanced Materials Research 113-116 (juin 2010) : 1080–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.1080.

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In order to reduce the costs of production and increase the lactic acid yields, this research adopts Bacillus subtilis to substitute enzymes. The method used in the study is two-phase fermentation - inoculate Bacillus subtilis to food waste to produce sugar, and then inoculate Lactobacillus to food waste to yield lactic acid. 87.22 g l–1 of total sugar can be obtained from non-autoclaved food waste in 30 h of saccharification at 40 centigrade. After two-phase fermentation, the optimal lactic acid concentration was 50.77g/L. The results indicate that two-phase fermentation is better than synchronous saccharification fermentation.

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van Pouderoyen, Gertie, Thorsten Eggert, Karl-Erich Jaeger et Bauke W. Dijkstra. « The crystal structure of Bacillus subtili lipase : a minimal α/β hydrolase fold enzyme ». Journal of Molecular Biology 309, n^o 1 (mai 2001) : 215–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmbi.2001.4659.

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Li, Mi, Peng Yi, Qiang Liu, Yun Pan et Guangren Qian. « Biodegradation of benzoate by protoplast fusant via intergeneric protoplast fusion between Pseudomonas putida and Bacillus subtili ». International Biodeterioration & ; Biodegradation 85 (novembre 2013) : 577–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2013.04.008.

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Li, Xiaohui, Qiang Li, Yihui Wang, Zhenhai Han, Guanggang Qu, Zhiqiang Shen, Shujian Huang et Cheng He. « Gastric Ulceration and Immune Suppression in Weaned Piglets Associated with Feed-Borne Bacillus cereus and Aspergillus fumigatus ». Toxins 12, n^o 11 (7 novembre 2020) : 703. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins12110703.

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As a multifactorial cause, gastric ulceration-mediated diarrhea is widely prevalent in the weaned piglets, impairing pig health and economic benefits. With full implementation of antibiotic stewardship programs in China, Bacillus cereus (B. cereus) and Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) were identified frequently in porcine feedstuffs and feeds of the animal industry. Association between feed-borne B. cereus and frequent diarrhea remains unclear. In the present study, we conducted a survey of B. cereus and A. fumigatus from feeds and feedstuffs in pig farms during hot season. Interestingly, B. cereus, B. subtilis, B. licheniformis and B. thuringinesis were isolated and identified from piglets’ starter meals to sow feeds, accounting for 56.1%, 23.7%, 13.7% and 6.5%, respectively. Obviously, both B. cereus and B. subtili were dominant contaminants in the survey. In an in vitro study, Deoxynivalenol (DON) contents were determined in a dose-dependent manner post fermentation with B. cereus (405 and DawuC). Subsequently, 36 weaned piglets were randomly assigned to four groups and the piglets simultaneously received the combination of virulent B. cereus (Dawu C) and A. fumigatus while animals were inoculated with B. cereus (Dawu C), A. fumigatus or PBS as the control group. Clinically, piglets developed yellow diarrhea on day 5 and significant reductions of relative body weight were observed in the B. cereus group, and co-infection group. More importantly, IgG titers against Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) were reduced dramatically during 14-day observation in co-infection group, the B. cereus (Dawu C) group or the A. fumigatus group. However, lower Foot and mouth disease (FMD) -specific antibodies were reduced on day 7 compared to those of the control group. Additionally, lower lymphocyte proliferations were found in the B. cereus group and the co-infection group compared to the control group. Postmortem, higher lesions of gastric ulceration were observed in the B. cereus group and the co-infection group from day 7 to day 14 compared with those of the A. fumigatus group and the control group. Compared to the A. fumigatus group, higher DON contents were detected in the stomach inoculated with B. cereus and the co-infection with A. fumigatus. In conclusion, our data support the hypothesis that B. cereus might be associated with severe diarrhea by inducing gastric ulcerations and A. fumigatus might aggravate immune suppression, threating a sustainable swine industry. It is urgently needed to control feed-borne B. cereus contamination.

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Stein, Torsten, Stefan Heinzmann, Stefanie Düsterhus, Stefan Borchert et Karl-Dieter Entian. « Expression and Functional Analysis of the Subtilin Immunity Genes spaIFEG in the Subtilin-Sensitive Host Bacillus subtilis MO1099 ». Journal of Bacteriology 187, n^o 3 (1 février 2005) : 822–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.187.3.822-828.2005.

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ABSTRACT Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 produces the cationic pore-forming lantibiotic subtilin, which preferentially acts on gram-positive microorganisms; self protection of the producer cells is mediated by the four genes spaIFEG. To elucidate the mechanism of subtilin autoimmunity, we transferred different combinations of subtilin immunity genes under the control of an inducible promoter into the genome of subtilin-sensitive host strain B. subtilis MO1099. Recipient cells acquired subtilin tolerance through expression of either spaI or spaFEG, which shows that subtilin immunity is based on two independently acting systems. Cells coordinately expressing all four immunity genes acquired the strongest subtilin protection level. Quantitative in vivo peptide release assays demonstrated that SpaFEG diminished the quantity of cell-associated subtilin, suggesting that SpaFEG transports subtilin molecules from the membrane into the extracellular space. Homology and secondary structure analyses define SpaFEG as a prototype of lantibiotic immunity transporters that fall into the ABC-2 subfamily of multidrug resistance proteins. Membrane localization of the lipoprotein SpaI and specific interaction of SpaI with the cognate lantibiotic subtilin suggest a function of SpaI as a subtilin-intercepting protein. This interpretation was supported by hexahistidine-mediated 0-Å cross-linking between hexahistidine-tagged SpaI and subtilin.

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Kopylov, V. A., V. A. Mikhanov et A. A. Safronov. « Treatment of open fractures using Bacillus subtilis 804 metabolites containing the fibroblast growth factor ». Genij Ortopedii, n^o 2 (juin 2016) : 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.18019/1028-4427-2016-2-78-83.

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Stein, Torsten, Stefan Borchert, Birgit Conrad, Jörg Feesche, Brigitte Hofemeister, Jürgen Hofemeister et Karl-Dieter Entian. « Two Different Lantibiotic-Like Peptides Originate from the Ericin Gene Cluster of Bacillus subtilis A1/3 ». Journal of Bacteriology 184, n^o 6 (15 mars 2002) : 1703–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.184.6.1703-1711.2002.

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ABSTRACT A lantibiotic gene cluster was identified in Bacillus subtilis A1/3 showing a high degree of homology to the subtilin gene cluster and occupying the same genetic locus as the spa genes in B. subtilis ATCC 6633. The gene cluster exhibits diversity with respect to duplication of two subtilin-like genes which are separated by a sequence similar to a portion of a lanC gene. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analyses of B. subtilis A1/3 culture extracts confirmed the presence of two lantibiotic-like peptides, ericin S (3,442 Da) and ericin A (2,986 Da). Disruption of the lanB-homologous gene eriB resulted in loss of production of both peptides, demonstrating that they are processed in an eriB-dependent manner. Although precursors of ericins S and A show only 75% of identity, the matured lantibiotic-like peptides reveal highly similar physical properties; separation was only achieved after multistep, reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Based on Edman and peptidase degradation in combination with MALDI-TOF MS, for ericin S a subtilin-like, lanthionine-bridging pattern is supposed. For ericin A two C-terminal rings are different from the lanthionine pattern of subtilin. Due to only four amino acid exchanges, ericin S and subtilin revealed similar antibiotic activities as well as similar properties in response to heat and protease treatment. For ericin A only minor antibiotic activity was found.

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Batchimeg, T., et B. Dondov. « Results of Bacillus subtilis against major diseases on greenhouse crops ». Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 15, n^o 2 (30 septembre 2015) : 134–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v15i2.560.

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Bacillus subtilis and other Bacilli have long been used in the field of agriculture as a biocontrol reagent to protect plants against soil-borne plant pathogens. Evaluation the efficacy of bio-agents, application as foliar spray against vegetables foliar diseases incidence was carried out in greenhouse conditions. The tested Russian bio agents Bacillus subtilis-26D, and Bacillus subtilis-M-22 were evaluated. The recorded foliar diseases, i.e. Powdery mildew, Angular spots of Cucumber, Early, Late blights of Tomato were significantly reduced at all treatments either alone or in combinations comparing with untreated plants. Application with either B. subtilis-26D and B.subtilis-M22showed significant reduction in diseases incidence comparing with the untreated control.Journal of agricultural sciences №15 (02): 134-137, 2015

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Chan, W. C., B. W. Bycroft, M. L. Leyland, L. Y. Lian et G. C. K. Roberts. « A novel post-translational modification of the peptide antibiotic subtilin : isolation and characterization of a natural variant from Bacillus subtilis A.T.C.C. 6633 ». Biochemical Journal 291, n^o 1 (1 avril 1993) : 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2910023.

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A variant of the peptide antibiotic subtilin has been isolated from Bacillus subtilis A.T.C.C. 6633, and its structure has been shown to be [N alpha-succinyl-Trp1]subtilin. The chemical structure of a fragment derived by tryptic hydrolysis of the variant is shown to be N alpha-succinyl-Trp-Lys by 1H and 13C n.m.r., fast-atom-bombardment m.s. and total chemical synthesis [N alpha-Succinyl-Trp1]-subtilin is produced later in the growth of the bacterium than is subtilin; reverse-phase h.p.l.c. analysis shows that after 24 h growth the ratio subtilin/[N alpha-succinyl-Trp1]subtilin is approx. 1:2. Although [N alpha-succinyl-Trp1]subtilin retains significant antibacterial activity, it is 10-20 times less active than subtilin.

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Albano, Mark, Wiep Klaas Smits, Linh T. Y. Ho, Barbara Kraigher, Ines Mandic-Mulec, Oscar P. Kuipers et David Dubnau. « The Rok Protein of Bacillus subtilis Represses Genes for Cell Surface and Extracellular Functions ». Journal of Bacteriology 187, n^o 6 (15 mars 2005) : 2010–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.187.6.2010-2019.2005.

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ABSTRACT Rok is a repressor of the transcriptional activator ComK and is therefore an important regulator of competence in Bacillus subtilis (T. T. Hoa, P. Tortosa, M. Albano, and D. Dubnau, Mol. Microbiol. 43:15-26, 2002). To address the wider role of Rok in the physiology of B. subtilis, we have used a combination of transcriptional profiling, gel shift experiments, and the analysis of lacZ fusions. We demonstrate that Rok is a repressor of a family of genes that specify membrane-localized and secreted proteins, including a number of genes that encode products with antibiotic activity. We present evidence for the recent introduction of rok into the B. subtilis-Bacillus licheniformis-Bacilllus amyloliquefaciens group by horizontal transmission.

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Bongers, Roger S., Jan-Willem Veening, Maarten Van Wieringen, Oscar P. Kuipers et Michiel Kleerebezem. « Development and Characterization of a Subtilin-Regulated Expression System in Bacillus subtilis : Strict Control of Gene Expression by Addition of Subtilin ». Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, n^o 12 (décembre 2005) : 8818–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.12.8818-8824.2005.

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ABSTRACT A system for subtilin-regulated gene expression (SURE) in Bacillus subtilis that is based on the regulatory module involved in cell-density-dependent control of the production of subtilin is described. An integration vector for introduction of the essential sensor-regulator couple spaRK into the amyE locus of the B. subtilis chromosome and a B. subtilis 168-derived production host in which the spaRK genes were functionally introduced were constructed. Furthermore, several expression plasmids harboring the subtilin-inducible wild-type spaS promoter or a mutated derivative of this promoter were constructed, which facilitated both transcriptional and translational promoter-gene fusions. Functional characterization of both spaS promoters and the cognate expression host could be performed by controlled overproduction of the β-glucuronidase (GusA) and green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporters. Both spaS promoters exhibited very low levels of basal expression, while extremely high levels of expression were observed upon induction with subtilin. Moreover, the level of expression depended directly on the amount of inducer (subtilin) used. The wild-type spaS promoter appeared to be more strictly controlled by the addition of subtilin, while the highest levels of expression were obtained when the mutated spaS promoter was used. Induction by subtilin led to 110- and 80-fold increases in GusA activity for the spaS promoter and its mutant derivative, respectively. Since the SURE system has attractive functional characteristics, including promoter silence under noninducing conditions and a controlled and high level of expression upon induction, and since it is not subject to catabolite control, we anticipate that it can provide a suitable expression system for various scientific and industrial applications.

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LINDSAY, D., V. S. BRÖZEL et A. VON HOLY. « Biofilm-Spore Response in Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis during Nutrient Limitation ». Journal of Food Protection 69, n^o 5 (1 mai 2006) : 1168–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-69.5.1168.

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This study aimed to trace the dynamics of biofilm formation by vegetative cells and endospores of Bacillus cereus DL5 and Bacillus subtilis 168. Counts of B. cereus DL5 and B. subtilis 168 vegetative cells and spores either attached to glass wool or, correspondingly, planktonic cells were determined by standard plate-counting methods. Results from this study highlighted the biofilm-forming potential of both spores and vegetative cells of two different Bacillus species. It was shown that once Bacillus spores had attached to a surface, the spores germinated under favorable (B. cereus DL5) and even unfavorable (B. subtilis 168) nutrient conditions, resulting in biofilms containing both spores and vegetative populations. Furthermore, it was suggested that vegetative B. cereus DL5 cells exhibited a low propensity for spore formation in attached and planktonic growth forms in nutrient-limited growth medium. By contrast, vegetative B. subtilis 168 cells readily formed spores in planktonic and attached microcosms when exposed to nutrient-limited growth conditions. Sporulation in attached Bacillus populations is an important practical consideration for many food industries, such as dairy processing, where bacilli are routinely isolated from populations attached to processing-equipment surfaces.

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Stein, Torsten, Stefan Borchert, Peter Kiesau, Stefan Heinzmann, Stephan Klöss, Cora Klein, Markus Helfrich et Karl-Dieter Entian. « Dual control of subtilin biosynthesis and immunity in Bacillus subtilis ». Molecular Microbiology 44, n^o 2 (25 avril 2002) : 403–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.02869.x.

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Rintala, Helena, Tytti Graeffe, Lars Paulin, Nisse Kalkkinen et Per E. J. Saris. « Biosynthesis of nisin in the subtilin producer Bacillus subtilis ATCC6633 ». Biotechnology Letters 15, n^o 10 (octobre 1993) : 991–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00129923.

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Khan, Sehresh, Nazneen Akhtar, Shafiq Ur Rehman, Shaukat Shujah, Eui Shik Rha et Muhammad Jamil. « Bacillus subtilis Synthesized Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) Induced Metabolic and Anti-Oxidative Response in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) under Arsenic Stress ». Toxics 10, n^o 10 (18 octobre 2022) : 618. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10100618.

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Nanoparticle (NP) application is most effective in decreasing metalloid toxicity. The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of Bacillus subtiles synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) against arsenic (As) stress on rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings. Different concentrations of As (5, 10 and 15 ppm) and Bacillus subtilis synthesized Fe3O4 NPs solution (5, 10 and 15 ppm) alone and in combination were applied to rice seedlings. The results showed that As at 15 ppm significantly decreased the growth of rice, which was increased by the low level of As. Results indicated that B. subtilis synthesized Fe3O4 NP-treated plants showed maximum chlorophyll land protein content as compared with arsenic treatment alone. The antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, POD, CAT, MDA and APX and stress modulators (Glycine betain and proline) also showed decreased content in plants as compared with As stress. Subsequently, Bacillus subtilis synthesized Fe3O4 NPs reduced the stress associated parameters due to limited passage of arsenic inside the plant. Furthermore, reduction in H2O2 and MDA content confirmed that the addition of Bacillus subtilis synthesized Fe3O4 NPs under As stress protected rice seedlings against arsenic toxicity, hence enhanced growth was notice and it had beneficial effects on the plant. Results highlighted that Fe3O4 NPs protect rice seedlings against arsenic stress by reducing As accumulation, act as a nano adsorbent and restricting arsenic uptake in rice plants. Hence, our study confirms the significance of Bacillus subtilis synthesized Fe3O4 NPs in alleviating As toxicity in rice plants.

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Christ, Nina A., Sophie Bochmann, Daniel Gottstein, Elke Duchardt-Ferner, Ute A. Hellmich, Stefanie Düsterhus, Peter Kötter, Peter Güntert, Karl-Dieter Entian et Jens Wöhnert. « The First Structure of a Lantibiotic Immunity Protein, SpaI from Bacillus subtilis, Reveals a Novel Fold ». Journal of Biological Chemistry 287, n^o 42 (17 août 2012) : 35286–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m112.401620.

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Lantibiotics are peptide-derived antibiotics that inhibit the growth of Gram-positive bacteria via interactions with lipid II and lipid II-dependent pore formation in the bacterial membrane. Due to their general mode of action the Gram-positive producer strains need to express immunity proteins (LanI proteins) for protection against their own lantibiotics. Little is known about the immunity mechanism protecting the producer strain against its own lantibiotic on the molecular level. So far, no structures have been reported for any LanI protein. We solved the structure of SpaI, a LanI protein from the subtilin producing strain Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633. SpaI is a 16.8-kDa lipoprotein that is attached to the outside of the cytoplasmic membrane via a covalent diacylglycerol anchor. SpaI together with the ABC transporter SpaFEG protects the B. subtilis membrane from subtilin insertion. The solution-NMR structure of a 15-kDa biologically active C-terminal fragment reveals a novel fold. We also demonstrate that the first 20 N-terminal amino acids not present in this C-terminal fragment are unstructured in solution and are required for interactions with lipid membranes. Additionally, growth tests reveal that these 20 N-terminal residues are important for the immunity mediated by SpaI but most likely are not part of a possible subtilin binding site. Our findings are the first step on the way of understanding the immunity mechanism of B. subtilis in particular and of other lantibiotic producing strains in general.

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Aslam, Muhammad, Faiz-Ul-Hassan Nasim, Rana Ruhi, Hassan Murad, Samina Ejaz, Muhammad Shafiq Choudhary, Ghulam Mustafa, Muhammad Ashraf et Jameel Rehman. « Isolation and Characteristics of Biotechnologically Important Antagonistic Thermophilic Bacteria from Rhizosphere of Haloxylon salicornicum ». Polish Journal of Microbiology 67, n^o 1 (9 mars 2018) : 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0011.6142.

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Rhizobacteria are an active part of microbial population in the rhizosphere of plants. In this study, twenty rhizobacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere of a perennial grass, Haloxylon salicornicum, found in Cholistan desert, an arid landmass near Bahawalpur Pakistan, in one set of experimental conditions. Colony characteristics, biochemical and molecular analyses of these isolates were performed. All isolates were bacilli, gram positive with off-white colonies and exhibited typical bacilli colony morphology. None of the isolates was gelatinase, urease, indole, H2S and catalase producer. Eleven isolates were amylase producers and 8 isolates were acid producers. All isolates fermented glucose, 3 fermented lactose and 19 fermented fructose. Molecular data revealed that out of twenty isolates, 14 isolates showed 91–99% identity with Brevibacillus borstelensis, 4 with Bacillus subtilis (97–98%) and 2 with Bacillus licheniformis (94–99%) through BLAST analysis. All identified bacterial isolates cladded with their respective groups in the phylogenetic tree. Many (11–15 out of 20) of the isolates were more effective in inhibiting growth of the tested bacterial strains as compared to the positive control (Ampicillin 50 μg/disc). We conclude that bacilli are the predominant form populating rhizosphere of this desert grass. Among the isolated bacteria Brevibacillus borstelensis, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis are the most predominant species.

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Moszer, I., P. Glaser et A. Danchin. « Subtilist : a relational database for the Bacillus subtilis genome ». Microbiology 141, n^o 2 (1 février 1995) : 261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/13500872-141-2-261.

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Moszer, I. « SubtiList : the reference database for the Bacillus subtilis genome ». Nucleic Acids Research 30, n^o 1 (1 janvier 2002) : 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/30.1.62.

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Szigeti, Reka, Mirela Milescu et Paul Gollnick. « Regulation of the Tryptophan Biosynthetic Genes in Bacillus halodurans : Common Elements but Different Strategies than Those Used by Bacillus subtilis ». Journal of Bacteriology 186, n^o 3 (1 février 2004) : 818–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.186.3.818-828.2004.

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ABSTRACT In Bacillus subtilis, an RNA binding protein called TRAP regulates both transcription and translation of the tryptophan biosynthetic genes. Bacillus halodurans is an alkaliphilic Bacillus species that grows at high pHs. Previous studies of this bacterium have focused on mechanisms of adaptation for growth in alkaline environments. We have characterized the regulation of the tryptophan biosynthetic genes in B. halodurans and compared it to that in B. subtilis. B. halodurans encodes a TRAP protein with 71% sequence identity to the B. subtilis protein. Expression of anthranilate synthetase, the first enzyme in the pathway to tryptophan, is regulated significantly less in B. halodurans than in B. subtilis. Examination of the control of the B. halodurans trpEDCFBA operon both in vivo and in vitro shows that only transcription is regulated, whereas in B. subtilis both transcription of the operon and translation of trpE are controlled. The attenuation mechanism that controls transcription in B. halodurans is similar to that in B. subtilis, but there are some differences in the predicted RNA secondary structures in the B. halodurans trp leader region, including the presence of a potential anti-antiterminator structure. Translation of trpG, which is within the folate operon in both bacilli, is regulated similarly in the two species.

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Burke, S. A., J. D. Wright, M. K. Robinson, B. V. Bronk et R. L. Warren. « Detection of Molecular Diversity in Bacillus atrophaeus by Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis ». Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, n^o 5 (mai 2004) : 2786–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.5.2786-2790.2004.

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ABSTRACT Phenotypically, Bacillus atrophaeus is indistinguishable from the type strain of Bacillus subtilis except by virtue of pigment production on certain media. Several pigmented variants of B. subtilis have been reclassified as B. atrophaeus, but several remain ambiguous in regard to their taxonomic placement. In this study, we examined strains within the American Type Culture Collection originally deposited as Bacillus globigii, B. subtilis var. niger, or Bacillus niger using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis to determine the level of molecular diversity among these strains and their relationship with closely related taxa. The 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed little variation with one base substitution between the B. atrophaeus type strain ATCC 49337 and the other pigmented bacilli. AFLP analysis produced high-quality DNA fingerprints with sufficient polymorphism to reveal strain-level variation. Cluster analysis of Dice similarity coefficients revealed that three strains, ATCC 31028, ATCC 49760, and ATCC 49822, are much more closely related to B. atrophaeus than to B. subtilis and should be reclassified as B. atrophaeus. A very closely related cluster of B. atrophaeus strains was also observed; this cluster was genetically distinct from the type strain. The level of variation between the two groups was approximately the same as the level of variation observed between members of the two B. subtilis subspecies, subtilis and spizizenii. It is proposed that the cluster of strains typified by ATCC 9372 be designated a new subspecies, B. atrophaeus subsp. globigii.

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Bhandari, Vaibhav, Nadia Z. Ahmod, Haroun N. Shah et Radhey S. Gupta. « Molecular signatures for Bacillus species : demarcation of the Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus clades in molecular terms and proposal to limit the placement of new species into the genus Bacillus ». International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 63, Pt_7 (1 juillet 2013) : 2712–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.048488-0.

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The genus Bacillus is a phylogenetically incoherent taxon with members of the group lacking a common evolutionary history. Comprising aerobic and anaerobic spore-forming bacteria, no characteristics are known that can distinguish species of this genus from other similar endospore-forming genera. With the availability of complete genomic data from over 30 different species from this group, we have constructed detailed phylogenetic trees to determine the relationships among Bacillus and other closely related taxa. Additionally, we have performed comparative genomic analysis for the determination of molecular markers, in the form of conserved signature indels (CSIs), to assist in the understanding of relationships among species of the genus Bacillus in molecular terms. Based on the analysis, we report here the identification of 11 and 6 CSIs that clearly differentiate a ‘ Bacillus subtilis clade’ and a ‘ Bacillus cereus clade’, respectively, from all other species of the genus Bacillus . No molecular markers were identified that supported a larger clade within this genus. The subtilis and the cereus clades were also the largest observed monophyletic groupings among species from the genus Bacillus in the phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and those based upon concatenated sequences for 20 conserved proteins. Thus, the relationships observed among these groups of species through CSIs are independently well supported by phylogenetic analysis. The molecular markers identified in this study provide a reliable means for the reorganization of the currently polyphyletic genus Bacillus into a more evolutionarily consistent set of groups. It is recommended that the genus Bacillus sensu stricto should comprise only the monophyletic subtilis clade that is demarcated by the identified CSIs, with B. subtilis as its type species. Members of the adjoining cereus clade (referred to as the Cereus clade of bacilli), although they are distinct from the subtilis clade, will also retain the Bacillus genus name as they contain several clinically important species, and their transfer into a new genus could have serious consequences. However, all other species that are currently part of the genus Bacillus and not part of these two clades should be eventually transferred to other genera. We also propose that all novel species of the genus Bacillus must meet minimal requirements, foremost among which is that the branching of the prospective species with the Bacillus sensu stricto clade or the Cereus clade of bacilli should be strongly supported by 16S rRNA gene sequence trees or trees based upon concatenated protein sequences. Additionally, the presence of one or more of the CSIs that are specific for these clades may be used to confirm molecularly the placement of the species into these clades. The identified CSIs, in addition to their usefulness for taxonomic and diagnostic purposes, also provide novel probes for genetic and biochemical studies of these bacteria.

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Amuguni, Hellen, et Saul Tzipori. « Bacillus subtilis ». Human Vaccines & ; Immunotherapeutics 8, n^o 7 (juillet 2012) : 979–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/hv.20694.

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Kovács, Ákos T. « Bacillus subtilis ». Trends in Microbiology 27, n^o 8 (août 2019) : 724–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2019.03.008.

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Milovanov, Aleksandr, Anzhela Asaturova, Natalia Tomashevich, Alexander Kozitsyn et Margarita Shternshis. « Primary analysis of the results of whole-genome sequencing of biocontrol strains Bacillus subtilis BZR 336g and Bacillus subtilis BZR 517 ». Proceedings of the Kuban State Agrarian University 1, n^o 81 (2019) : 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21515/1999-1703-81-131-137.

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Liu, W., et J. N. Hansen. « Conversion of Bacillus subtilis 168 to a subtilin producer by competence transformation. » Journal of Bacteriology 173, n^o 22 (1991) : 7387–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.173.22.7387-7390.1991.

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Heinzmann, Stefan, Karl-Dieter Entian et Torsten Stein. « Engineering Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 for improved production of the lantibiotic subtilin ». Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 69, n^o 5 (7 juillet 2005) : 532–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-005-0023-9.

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Baeg, Byeong-Gi, Jung-Il Cho, Eun-Woo Moon et Jung-Suk Park. « Quality Characteristics of Bamboo Shoot Liquid Fermented by Bacillus subtilis Strain ». Journal of The Korean Society of Food Culture 30, n^o 2 (30 avril 2015) : 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.7318/kjfc/2015.30.2.233.

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Karpova, I. S., et O. V. Pidpala. « RecE-independent instability in Bacillus subtilis ». Biopolymers and Cell 7, n^o 2 (20 mars 1991) : 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/bc.0002bd.

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Supartono, Supartono, Nanik Wijayati, Lina Herlina et Enny Ratnaningsih. « PRODUKSI ANTIBIOTIKA OLEH Bacillus subtilis M10 DALAM MEDIA UREA-SORBITOL ». Reaktor 13, n^o 3 (7 avril 2011) : 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.13.3.185-193.

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PRODUCTION OF ANTIBIOTICS BY Bacillus subtilis M10 IN UREA-SORBITOL MEDIUM. Infection diseases still become the main health problems that suffered by people in Indonesia. Besides, there were many pathogen bacteria found to be resistant to the some antibiotics. Therefore, the efforts to get a new antibiotic require to be done continuously. A new local strain of Bacillus subtilis BAC4 has been known producing an antibiotic that inhibit Serratia marcescens ATCC 27117 growth. To make efficient the local strain, mutation on Bacillus subtilis BAC4 was done by using acridine orange and a mutant cell of Bacillus subtilis M10 that overproduction for producing antibiotic was obtained. Nevertheless, the production kinetics of antibiotic by this mutant has not been reported. The objective of this research was to study the production kinetics of antibiotic by Bacillus subtilis M10 mutant. The production of antibiotic was conducted using batch fermentation and antibiotic assay was performed with agar absorption method using Serratia marcescens ATCC 27117 as bacteria assay. Research result provided that Bacillus subtilis M10 mutant with overproduction of antibiotic produced an antibiotic since 8th hour’s fermentation and optimum of it production was at 14th hours after inoculation. Penyakit infeksi masih menjadi masalah yang utama diderita oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Di samping itu, banyak bakteri patogen yang ditemukan resisten terhadap beberapa antibiotika. Oleh karena itu, upaya-upaya untuk mendapatkan antibiotika baru perlu dilakukan secara terus-menerus. Suatu galur lokal baru Bacillus subtilis BAC4 teridentifikasi memproduksi senyawa antibiotika yang menghambat pertumbuhan Serratia marcescens ATCC27117. Untuk memberdayakan galur tersebut, terhadap Bacillus subtilis BAC4 dilakukan mutasi dengan larutan akridin oranye dan diperoleh mutan Bacillus subtilis M10 yang memproduksi antibiotika berlebihan. Namun, kinetika produksi antibiotika oleh Bacillus subtilis M10 belum pernah dilaporkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari kinetika produksi antibiotika oleh mutan Bacillus subtilis M10. Bacillus subtilis M10 difermentasikan ke dalam media urea-sorbitol dan diamati kemampuan produksi antibiotikanya menggunakan Serratia marcescens ATCC 2711 sebagai bakteri uji. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mutan Bacillus subtilis M10 memproduksi antibiotika sejak jam ke 8, dan produksi optimumnya terjadi pada jam ke 14 setelah inokulasi.

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Darmon, Elise, Ronald Dorenbos, Jochen Meens, Roland Freudl, Haike Antelmann, Michael Hecker, Oscar P. Kuipers et al. « A Disulfide Bond-Containing Alkaline Phosphatase Triggers a BdbC-Dependent Secretion Stress Response in Bacillus subtilis ». Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, n^o 11 (novembre 2006) : 6876–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01176-06.

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ABSTRACT The gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis secretes high levels of proteins into its environment. Most of these secretory proteins are exported from the cytoplasm in an unfolded state and have to fold efficiently after membrane translocation. As previously shown for α-amylases of Bacillus species, inefficient posttranslocational protein folding is potentially detrimental and stressful. In B. subtilis, this so-called secretion stress is sensed and combated by the CssRS two-component system. Two known members of the CssRS regulon are the htrA and htrB genes, encoding potential extracytoplasmic chaperone proteases for protein quality control. In the present study, we investigated whether high-level production of a secretory protein with two disulfide bonds, PhoA of Escherichia coli, induces secretion stress in B. subtilis. Our results show that E. coli PhoA production triggers a relatively moderate CssRS-dependent secretion stress response in B. subtilis. The intensity of this response is significantly increased in the absence of BdbC, which is a major determinant for posttranslocational folding of disulfide bond-containing proteins in B. subtilis. Our findings show that BdbC is required to limit the PhoA-induced secretion stress. This conclusion focuses interest on the BdbC-dependent folding pathway for biotechnological production of proteins with disulfide bonds in B. subtilis and related bacilli.

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Н. В., Донкова, et Донков С. А. « СВОЙСТВА ШТАММОВ BACILLUS SUBTILIS КАК ПРОДУЦЕНТОВ АМИЛАЗ ПРИ ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕ САХАРОСОДЕРЖАЩЕЙ КОРМОВОЙ ДОБАВКИ ». Bulletin of KSAU, n^o 5 (21 mai 2020) : 136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.36718/1819-4036-2020-5-136-141.

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Цель исследования – изучение сравнительной амилолитической активности у штаммов Bacillus subtilis как продуцентов амилаз при производстве сахаросодержащей кормовой добавки. В задачи исследования входило: 1) изучение амилолитической активности у трех штаммов микроорганизма Bacillus subtilis: штамма № 2-amylolytic, штамма № 9-amylolytic и штамма № 12-amylolytic; 2) установление количества спор каждого штамма, дающих максимальный амилолитический эффект. Приводятся результаты изучения амилолитической активности у различных штаммов микроорганизма Bacillus subtilis. Разрабатываемая технология предусматривает применение одного из штаммов микроорганизма Bacillus subtilis в качестве продуцента амилолитического фермента с целью получения из крахмала сахаросодержащей кормовой добавки, предназначенной для телят. Установлена амилолитическая активность различных штаммов микроорганизма Bacillus subtilis: № 2-amylolytic, № 9-amylolytic и № 12-amylolytic, – с определением количества спор в штаммах, дающего максимальный амилолитический эффект. Показано, что наивысшая амилолитическая активность определяется у штамма Bacillus subtilis № 12-amylolytic, средняя – у штамма Bacillus subtilis № 9-amylolytic и наименьшая – у штамма Bacillus subtilis № 2-amylolytic. Количество спор, дающее максимальный амилолитический эффект у разных штаммов, в среднем составило 125 000 спор/мл. Применение телятам сахаросодержащей кормовой добавки позволяет не только обеспечить их организм сахарами, но и повысить переваримость крахмала, который поступает в желудочно-кишечный тракт телят с растительным кормом. Кроме того, содержащиеся в сахаросодержащей кормовой добавке штаммы микроорганизмы Bacillus subtilis обладают антагонистической активностью по отношению к энтеропатогенным бактериям, т. е. такая добавка обладает пробиотическими свойствами, и потому ее применение будет не только устранять дефицит сахаров в рационе, но и профилактировать желудочно-кишечные заболевания у телят.

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Kleerebezem, Michiel, Roger Bongers, Ger Rutten, Willem M. de Vos et Oscar P. Kuipers. « Autoregulation of subtilin biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis : the role of the spa-box in subtilin-responsive promoters ». Peptides 25, n^o 9 (septembre 2004) : 1415–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.peptides.2003.11.025.

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Yusuf UA, Ekeleme IK, Owuna EJ, Ochai SS et Obiekezie SO. « Effects of spent hydrocarbon on bacteria population ». International Journal of Scholarly Research in Science and Technology 2, n^o 1 (30 janvier 2023) : 001–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.56781/ijsrst.2023.2.1.0033.

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This study aimed at the effect of spent hydrocarbon contamination on microbial population in soil. Standard microbiological methods were used to determine the total heterotrophic count hydrocarbon utilization, isolation and identification of bacterial and effect of pH and spent hydrocarbon concentration on bacterial. The total heterotrophic bacterial count (THB) ranges from 6.2 ± 0.13 x106 to 3.2± 0.10 x106 cfu/g. The total hydrocarbon utilizing bacterial count ranges from 3.2 ± 0.13 x106 to 1.2± 0.10 x106 cfu/g. The bacterial isolated were Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas flourescens, Klebsiella aerogenes and Proteus hauseri. It was observed that Bacillus subtiliis had the highest occurrence from location E (50.0%). Pseudomonas flourescens from location A and B (33.3%) and Proteus hauseri had the highest occurrence from location C (66.6%). The effect of pH on bacterial growth rate analyzed showed that Bacillus subtilis had the highest turbidity at pH 6.5 (0.511 ± 0.15 nmm), Klebsiella aerogenes had the highest turbidity at pH 7.5 (0.233 ± 0.33nm), Pseudomonas flourescens was at pH 6.5 (0.723 ± 0.61 nm) and Proteus sp recorded highest turbidity at pH 6.5 (0.373 ± 0.22nm) followed by pH 5.5 (0.237 ± 0.19 nm). The effect of spent hydrocarbon concentration showed that Bacillus subtilis recorded highest turbidity at 10% concentration (0.744 ± 0.03 nm), Klebsiella aerogenes recorded highest at 10% concentration (0.321 ± 0.21 nm), Pseudomonas flourescens was at 10% concentration (0.887 ± 0.23 nm) and Proteus sp recorded highest turbidity at 10% concentration (0.378 ± 0.13 nm). From this study it was observed that indigenous bacterial had the ability to utilized the spent hydrocarbon if the pH of the soil is regulated.

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Li, Chong, Yang Li, Shuzhen Li, Si Chen, Guohua Liu, Xuejuan Deng, Wenhuan Chang et Huiyi Cai. « Bacillus subtilis Protects the Ducks from Oxidative Stress Induced by Escherichia coli : Efficacy and Molecular Mechanism ». Antioxidants 11, n^o 10 (29 septembre 2022) : 1951. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11101951.

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Bacillus. subtilis has been widely used in animal husbandry as a potential alternative to antibiotics due to its excellent bacteriostasis and antioxidant activity. This study aims to investigate the effects of Bacillus. subtilis on the protection of ducks from Escherichia coli infection and its mechanism. The four experimental groups include the negative control group, positive control group, antibiotic group and Bacillus. subtilis group. Ducks in positive, antibiotic and Bacillus. subtilis groups are orally administered with Escherichia coli and equivalent saline solution for the negative group. The results show that supplements with Bacillus. subtilis enhances the performance and health status of the infected ducks. Moreover, Bacillus. subtilis alleviates the increase in globulin, LPS and MDA, and the decrease in albumin, T-AOC and T-SOD in the serum caused by Escherichia coli infection. Bacillus. subtilis also attenuates injury in the intestine and partially reverses the increase in ROS production and the depletion of ATP in the jejunum. These effects are accompanied with the change of related genes of the ribosome (13.54%) and oxidative phosphorylation (6.68%). Collectively, Bacillus. subtilis alleviates the damage caused by Escherichia coli infection in ducks by activating ribosome and oxidative phosphorylation signaling to regulate antioxidant and energy metabolism.

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Kaur, Pardeep, Poorvi Sharma, Farough Ahmed et Vivek Tembhurkar. « Optimization of Subtilin Production by Bacillus Subitilis ». Indo Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 01, n^o 04 (2011) : 362–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.35652/igjps.2011.35.

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In Pharmaceutical industries, several peptide antibiotics of importance are produced by Bacillus subtilis. Many antibiotics of importance are produced by B.subtilis species. Antibiotics are the biochemical secreted by microorganism which in low concentration inhibit the growth or kill other microorganism i.e. the antibiotics are “antimicrobial agent of microbial agent”. The antibiotics producers are widely spread in nature, where they play very important role in regulating the microbial population of soil, water, sewage, and compost. During this study antibiotic production ability of microorganism was detected by conventional method of crowded plate technique. Further identification and isolation of the antibiotic was carried out by the technique of paper chromatography and Bioautography1 and subtilin was identified to inhibit the growth of S.aureus. For the maximum production of the antibiotic the suitable parameters are optimized experimentally i.e. time, temperature, pH, media (carbon and nitrogen source). © 2011 IGJPS. All rights reserved.

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Berger, Bradley J., Shane English, Gene Chan et Marvin H. Knodel. « Methionine Regeneration and Aminotransferases in Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus anthracis ». Journal of Bacteriology 185, n^o 8 (15 avril 2003) : 2418–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.185.8.2418-2431.2003.

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ABSTRACT The conversion of ketomethiobutyrate to methionine has been previously examined in a number of organisms, wherein the aminotransferases responsible for the reaction have been found to be members of the Ia subfamily (L. C. Berger, J. Wilson, P. Wood, and B. J. Berger, J. Bacteriol. 183:4421-4434, 2001). The genome of Bacillus subtilis has been found to contain no subfamily Ia aminotransferase sequences. Instead, the analogous enzymes in B. subtilis were found to be members of the If subfamily. These putative aspartate aminotransferases, the yugH, ywfG, ykrV, aspB, and patA gene products, have been cloned, expressed, and characterized for methionine regeneration activity. Only YkrV was able to convert ketomethiobutyrate to methionine, and it catalyzed the reaction only when glutamine was used as amino donor. In contrast, subcellular homogenates of B. subtilis and Bacillus cereus utilized leucine, isoleucine, valine, alanine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine as effective amino donors. The two putative branched-chain aminotransferase genes in B. subtilis, ybgE and ywaA, were also cloned, expressed, and characterized. Both gene products effectively transaminated branched-chain amino acids and ketoglutarate, but only YbgE converted ketomethiobutyrate to methionine. The amino donor preference for methionine regeneration by YbgE was found to be leucine, isoleucine, valine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine. The B. subtilis ybgE gene is a member of the family III of aminotransferases and falls in a subfamily designated here IIIa. Examination of B. cereus and Bacillus anthracis genome data found that there were no subfamily IIIa homologues in these organisms. In both B. cereus and B. anthracis, two putative branched-chain aminotransferases and two putative d-amino acid aminotransferases were discovered as members of subfamily IIIb. These four sequences were cloned from B. cereus, expressed, and characterized. Only the gene product from the sequence designated Bc-BCAT2 was found to convert ketomethiobutyrate to methionine, with an amino donor preference of leucine, isoleucine, valine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine. The B. anthracis homologue of Bc-BCAT2 was also cloned, expressed, and characterized and was found to be identical in activity. The aminooxy compound canaline was found to be an uncompetitive inhibitor of B. subtilis YbgE and also inhibited growth of B. subtilis and B. cereus in culture.

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Chen, Chao-Ying, Yi-Huei Wang et Chien-Jui Huang. « Enhancement of the antifungal activity ofBacillus subtilisF29-3 by the chitinase encoded byBacillus circulans chiAgene ». Canadian Journal of Microbiology 50, n^o 6 (1 juin 2004) : 451–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w04-027.

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Bacillus subtilis F293 is an antagonistic bacterium against a wide range of fungal species. In order to determine the effect of chitinase on the antifungal activity of B. subtilis F293, a 2.4-kb DNA fragment containing the chiA gene of Bacillus circulans WL-12 was ligated into a shuttle vector pHY300PLK and transformed into B. subtilis F293. A bioassay conducted on the culture supernatant showed that, in comparison to the B. subtilis control strain, B. subtilis F293 expressing the chiA gene exhibited a greater inhibition of spore germination of Botrytis elliptica, indicating that chitinase could enhance the antifungal function conferred by B. subtilis F293.Key words: Bacillus subtilis, antifungal activity, chiA, Bacillus circulans.

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JUOLA, MARI, KRISTIINA KINNUNEN, KRISTIAN FOG NIELSEN et ATTE von RIGHT. « Surfactins in Natto : The Surfactin Production Capacity of the Starter Strains and the Actual Surfactin Contents in the Products ». Journal of Food Protection 77, n^o 12 (1 décembre 2014) : 2139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-030.

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Surfactin-type lipopeptides are suspected of being implicated in the rare food poisonings caused by Bacillus species outside the Bacillus cereus cluster. In order to get information on surfactin levels in actual human foods, bacilli from three commercial samples of a Japanese traditional bean product, natto, were isolated in order to clarify their potential to produce the suspect lipopeptides. The isolated bacilli were characterized as Bacillus subtilis. They were β-hemolytic and gave a positive signal in the PCR screen for genes associated with surfactin production, and their culture extracts were cytotoxic to boar sperm cells. Organic extracts of both Bacillus cultures and the natto samples were analyzed for their surfactin content using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry. All the strains proved to be surfactin producers (15 to 39 μg/ml culture medium); the natto samples contained as much as 2.2 mg g−1 of surfactins. This means that consumers can ingest at least approximately 80 to 100 mg of surfactins per single 50-g natto serving apparently without suffering any ill effects, indicating a very low human toxicity.

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Karim, Md Abdul, et Rehena Nasrin Happy. « Characterization and antibiogram profile of bacteria isolated from Buriganga river ». Bangladesh Journal of Botany 49, n^o 3 (20 septembre 2020) : 451–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v49i3.49331.

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Selected bacterial isolates from the surface water of Buriganga river were characterized by morphological, biochemical characteristics and sequence-based PCR-amplified fragments of 16S rRNA. All isolates were rod shaped and Gram-positive. The isolates were confirmed as Chryseobacterium arthrosphaerae strain FDAARGOS 519, Bacillus cabrialesii strain TE 3, Bacillus tequilensis KCTC strain 13622(T), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens DSM 7 strain ATCC 23350, Bacillus subtilis strain E20 and Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis strain 168 based on sequence analysis. A phylogenetic tree was constructed that showed only one major cluster comprising of two sub-clusters grouping Chryseobacterium arthrosphaerae in one and Bacillus tequilensis in another. Chryseobacterium arthrosphaerae strain FDAARGOS 519 was susceptible to all antibiotics at different ranges, while Bacillus tequilensis KCTC strain 13622(T) and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens DSM 7 strain ATCC 23350 were found to be resistant to polymyxin only but sensitive to other antibiotics. However, Bacillus cabrialesii strain TE 3 was resistant to polymyxin and neomycin, while Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis strain 168 was resistant to polymyxin, vancomycin and rifampicin.

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Lestari Sudarwati, Tri Puji. « Aktivitas Antibakteri Daun Pepaya (Carica Papaya) Menggunakan Pelarut Etanol Terhadap Bakteri Bacillus subtilis ». Journal of Pharmacy and Science 3, n^o 2 (16 juillet 2018) : 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.53342/pharmasci.v3i2.105.

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ABSTRAKDaun pepaya banyak digunakan masyarakat sebagai obat tradisional. Daun pepaya mengandung senyawa antibakteri seperti tannin, alkaloid, flavonoid, terpenoid, saponin dan alkaloid karpain. Bakteri Bacillus subtilis merupakan bakteri yang mengontaminasi makanan dan dapat menyebabkan infeksi gastroenteritis. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui kemampuan ekstrak daun pepaya (Carica papaya L) dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Bacillus subtilis. Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimen laboratorium. Uji daya hambat menggunakan metode difusi kertas cakram. Variabel penelitian yaitu konsentrasi ekstrak daun pepaya 20 µg/mL, 40 µg/mL, 60 µg/mL, 80 µg/mL, 100 µg/mL dan zona hambat pertumbuhan bakteri Bacillus subtilis. Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan ekstrak daun papaya (Carica papaya L) dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Bacillus subtilis pada konsentrasi 20% sampai 100% dengan rata – rata diameter zona hambat 8,1 mm sampai dengan 8,6 mm dengan kategori sedang. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun pepaya (Carica papaya L) mempunyai pengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Bacillus subtilis.Kata kunci: Daun Pepaya,Etanol, Bacillus subtilis.ABSTRACTPapaya leaves are common to use as a traditional medicine for society. Papaya leaves contain of anti-bacteria compound, such as tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, and karpain alkaloids. Bacillus subtilis is a bacteria that contaminates food and can cause gastroenteritis infection. The purpose of this observation is to find out the ability of papaya leaves extract towards the obstruction of Bacillus subtilis bacteria. The observer conducts a laboratory experiment. To conduct obstruction power test, the observer uses disc paper diffusion method. The observation variable measures the papaya leaves extract concentration in 20 µg/mL, 40 µg/mL, 60 µg/mL, 80 µg/mL, 100 µg/mL and the obstruction zone growth of Bacillus subtilis bacteria. Hence, the result shows that papaya leaves (Carica papaya L) extract successfully obstruct the growth of Bacillus subtilis bacteria in a concentration range 20 % to 100 % with the diameter zone average 8,1 mm to 8,6 mm in a medium category. Thus, it shows that papaya leaves (Carica papaya L) extract significantly influence the growth of Bacillus subtilis bacteria.Key Words: Papaya leaves, Ethanol, Bacillus subtilis bacteria.

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Marliyana, Soerya Dewi, Didin Mujahidin, Yana M. Syah et Yaya Rukayadi. « Time-Kill Assay of 4-Hydroxypanduratin A Isolated from Kaempferia Pandurata Against Foodborne Pathogens ». Molekul 12, n^o 2 (30 novembre 2017) : 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2017.12.2.363.

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Time–kill assay was performed for 4-hydroxypanduratin A that was isolated from Kaempferia pandurata rizhome against four important foodborne pathogens, namely Bacillus cereus ATCC 21772, Bacillu subtilis ATCC 6633, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29737, and Proteus mirabilis ATCC 21100. The methods have been investigated in term of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and killing time curve using methods of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. The results showed that 4-hydroxypanduratin A rapid acting in killing bacteria as follow: B. cereus : 1×MIC for 4 h, P. mirabilis: 4×MIC for 0.5 h, meanwhile B. subtilis and S. aureus were 1×MIC for 2 h. In conclusion, 4-hydroxypanduratin A showed strong antimicrobial activity against four important foodborne pathogens.

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Tian, Tao, Bingbing Sun, Haowen Shi, Tantan Gao, Yinghao He, Yan Li, Yixue Liu et al. « Sucrose triggers a novel signaling cascade promoting Bacillus subtilis rhizosphere colonization ». ISME Journal 15, n^o 9 (26 mars 2021) : 2723–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41396-021-00966-2.

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AbstractBeneficial rhizobacteria promote plant growth and protect plants against phytopathogens. Effective colonization on plant roots is critical for the rhizobacteria to exert beneficial activities. How bacteria migrate swiftly in the soil of semisolid or solid nature remains unclear. Here we report that sucrose, a disaccharide ubiquitously deployed by photosynthetic plants for fixed carbon transport and storage, and abundantly secreted from plant roots, promotes solid surface motility (SSM) and root colonization by Bacillus subtilis through a previously uncharacterized mechanism. Sucrose induces robust SSM by triggering a signaling cascade, first through extracellular synthesis of polymeric levan, which in turn stimulates strong production of surfactin and hyper-flagellation of the cells. B. subtilis poorly colonizes the roots of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants deficient in root-exudation of sucrose, while exogenously added sucrose selectively shapes the rhizomicrobiome associated with the tomato plant roots, promoting specifically bacilli and pseudomonad. We propose that sucrose activates a signaling cascade to trigger SSM and promote rhizosphere colonization by B. subtilis. Our findings also suggest a practicable approach to boost prevalence of beneficial Bacillus species in plant protection.

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Kim, Hye Soo, Chul Hwan Kim, Hyun Sook Kwon, Chan-Jung Lee, Won-Sik Kong et Soo Jeong Cho. « Isolation and Characterization of Bacillus subtilis CA105 from Spent Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) Substrates ». Journal of Mushroom 13, n^o 4 (31 décembre 2015) : 305–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.14480/jm.2015.13.4.305.

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Aleksieva, Z. M., T. N. Shevchenko et S. S. Malyuta. « A study of lysine operon organization in Bacillus subtilis ». Biopolymers and Cell 1, n^o 3 (20 mai 1985) : 156–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/bc.000024.

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Park, Kee-Choon, Jong-Hui Lim, Sang-Dal Kim et Young-Keun Yi. « Effects of Phytophthora Blight-antagonistic Microorganisms Bacillus subtilis AH18 and Bacillus licheniformis K11 on the Soil Microbial Community ». Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry 52, n^o 3 (30 septembre 2009) : 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3839/jabc.2009.021.

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Sukmawati, Sukmawati, Melda Yunita et Febrianti Rosalina. « Measurement of alpha-Amilase Enzymes in Bacillus subtilis Bacteria ». Indonesian Journal of Biology Education 3, n^o 2 (1 février 2021) : 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31002/ijobe.v3i2.3237.

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The bacterium Bacillus subtilis is able to produce amylase enzymes which are able to hydrolyze various types of starch sources into simple compounds such as maltose, glucose. Amylase converts carbohydrates which are polysaccharides into maltose. Amylase enzyme is a group of enzymes that are needed in the industrial field. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of the amylase enzyme produced by the bacterium Bacillus subtilis. The method used in this research is a quantitative method using an amylase enzyme measurement experiment. The results of this study are from two types of enzyme sources, namely Bacillus subtilis + Starch + NB and Bacillus subtilis + NB. Both samples showed enzyme activity. The conclusion of this study is that Bacillus subtilis + Starch + NB produces 63.186 units of the alpha-amylase enzyme used to produce 1 ppm / 1 micromol maltose per minute. Whereas the Bacillus subtilis + NB sample was 19.474 units of the alpha-amylase enzyme used to produce 1 ppm / 1 micromol maltose per minute.

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HILGREN, J., K. M. J. SWANSON, F. DIEZ-GONZALEZ et B. CORDS. « Susceptibilities of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, and Avirulent Bacillus anthracis Spores to Liquid Biocides† ». Journal of Food Protection 72, n^o 2 (1 février 2009) : 360–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-72.2.360.

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The susceptibility of spores of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, and avirulent Bacillus anthracis to treatment with hydrogen peroxide, peroxyacetic acid, a peroxy–fatty acid mixture, sodium hypochlorite, and acidified sodium chlorite was investigated. Results indicated that B. cereus spores may be reasonable predictors of B. anthracis spore inactivation by peroxyacetic acid–based biocides. However, B. cereus was not a reliable predictor of B. anthracis inactivation by the other biocides. In studies comparing B. cereus and B. subtilis, B. cereus spores were more resistant (by 1.5 to 2.5 log CFU) than B. subtilis spores to peroxyacetic acid, the peroxy–fatty acid mixture, and acidified sodium chlorite. Conversely, B. subtilis spores were more resistant than B. cereus spores to hydrogen peroxide. These findings indicated the relevance of side-by-side testing of target organisms and potential surrogates against categories of biocides to determine whether both have similar properties and to validate the use of the surrogate microorganisms.

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