Articles de revues sur le sujet « Baby F.A.C.S »

Coleman D., S. Basten, F. C. Billari. Population — The long viewBillari F. C. Integrating macro- and micro-level approaches in the explanation of population changeLivi-Bacci M. What we can and cannot learn from the history of World populationKreager P. Population theory — A long viewSear R. Evolutionary contributions to the study of human fertilityReher D. S. Baby booms, busts, and population ageing in the developed worldVan Bavel J., D. S. Reher. The baby boom and its causes: what we know and what we need to knowLutz W., E. Striessnig. Demographic aspects of climate change mitigation and adaptationDemeny P. Sub-replacement fertility in national populations: Can it be raised?Teitelbaum M. S. Political Demography: Powerful trends under-attended by demographic scienceBasten S., Q. Jiang. Fertility in China: an uncertain futureColeman D., S. Basten. The death of the West: An alternative viewBongaarts J., C.Z. Guilmoto. How many more missing women? Excess female mortality and prenatal sex selection, 1970-2050Shon J.-L. P. K., G. Verdugo. Forty years of immigrant segregation in France, 1968-2007. How different is the new immigration?Sobotka T., É. Beaujouan. Two is best? The persistence of a two-child family ideal in EuropeEsping-Andersen G., F. C. Billari. ∙ Re-theorizing family demographicsAnderson T., H.-P. Kohler. Low fertility, socioeconomic development, and genderDoocy S., E. Lyles, T. D. Delbiso, C. W. Robinson, The IOCC/GOPA Study Team. Internal displacement and the Syrian crisis: An analysis of trends from 2011–2014Fakih A., M. Ibrahim. The impact of Syrian refugees on the labor market in neighboring countries: Empirical evidence from JordanBircan T., U. Sunata. Educational assessment of Syrian refugees in TurkeyYaylacı F. G., M. Karakuş. Perceptions and newspaper coverage of Syrian refugees in Turkey

The effect of increasing temperatures on the duration of postharvest flower development was determined for three specialty crop species: marguerite (Argyranthemum frutescens Webb ex Schultz-Bip.) `Butterfly' and `Sugar Baby'; swan river daisy (Brachycome hybrid Cass.) `Ultra'; and bacopa (Sutera cordata Roth.) `Snowflake'. Plants were grown in a greenhouse at 18 °C (65 °F) until flowering, and then transferred into a phytotron to determine heat tolerance. Plants were stored for 8 weeks at constant temperatures of 18, 23, 28, and 33 °C (65, 73, 82, and 91 °F) for 2-week intervals. Flower bud and flower number were recorded weekly. Sutera cordata `Snowflake' and B. hybrid `Ultra' had the greatest flower number at the 23 °C temperature, decreasing in the 28 °C environment. Argyranthemum frutescens `Butterfly' and `Sugar Baby' had greatest flower number at 28 °C, but flowers were of lower quality thanat 23 °C. Flower development of all cultivars ceased at 33 °C, at the end of 8 weeks at increasing temperatures, but when plants were returned to the 18 °C production greenhouse, flower development resumed. High temperatures (28 °C) reduce the postharvest performance of S. cordata, B. hybrid, and A. frutescens plants grown in hanging baskets; therefore, these species should be marketed as spring-flowering products since summer performance may be unsatisfactory in warm climates.

Abstract Abstract 3221 Poster Board III-158 Introduction Umbilical cord blood (UCB) has become an easily, available and viable source of hematopoeitic stem cells for transplant. The main limitation factor for its wide use is cell dose. Previous studies have showed that certain physiological parameters pertaining to either the baby or the mother impact in the UCB cell yields. Objectives The aim of our study was to compare five physiological parameters pertaining to the mother or baby (mother`s age [MA], gestational age at delivery [GA], baby`s gender [G], baby`s birth weight [BW] and type of delivery [TD]) with total nuclear cells (TNC) and CD34 + cells recovery. We also evaluated the impact of time from collection to processing (TCP) on CD45+ cells viability. Methods UCB product collection was performed after the baby's delivery, while the placenta was still in uterus, either from vaginal or cesarean deliveries. Collection bags that were used contained 35 mL of CFDA-1 (CFD with Adenina) as anticoagulant. Cord blood units (CBU) were processed in our institution under local and international regulations regarding cord blood banking. Usual techniques with HES 6% for red cell depletion and 4°C centrifugation for plasma depletion were used. Twenty-five ml, EVA, two-compartment cord blood cells freezing bags (Pall Medical) were used for a final CBU volume of 20.5 ml combined with Dextran 40/40 and DMSO for cryopreservation. A sample was removed for flow cytometric analysis (BD FACSCan) and to determine the TNC (Cell-dyn 1200). Cultures pre and post CBU handling were done. Freezing took place in a controlled-rate freezer according to standard protocol before storage in liquid nytrogen. Results From May 2004 to Jun 2009, a total of 4,262 continous UCB collections were performed in our institution throught the Peruvian Republic. Seventy-eight percent of the CBU were collected by cesarean; median TCP was 30 hours 58 minutes. The mean CBU volume and TNC count were 81.8 ml and 8.63 × 108 respectively. The colected volume was greater in cesarean than vaginal delivery (85.3 ml vs 78.9, F=30.82, p<0.001). TNC counts collected were directly correlated with GA: in preterm delivery (<37sem) was 7.13×108, in term delivery (>=37sem) was 9.93×108. TNC counts were directly correlated with BW (F=325, p<0.001) while the MA had inverse correlation (F=8.05, p=0.005); regarding TD there was a significant mayor TNC count in the vaginal vs. cesarean group (10.49×108 vs. 9.22×108, F=48.207, p<0.001); while it was a trend for major TNC count in females vs. males babies (9.82×108 vs. 9.13×108, p=0.059). CD34+ cells count was directly correlated with BW (F=70.1, p<0.001). The strongest correlation was with GA (in preterm: 61.99 CD34+/ul and in term delivery: 84.67 CD34+/ul, F=27.62 p=<0.001); moreover, there was association between CD34+ cells count with TD (vaginal: 87.88 CD34+/ul vs cesarean: 80.26 CD34+/ul, F=5.327 p=0.02). There was not association either with G (females: 79.97 CD34+/ul vs males: 83.48 CD34+/ul, F=1.668 p=0.197) neither MA (F=1.82, p=0.177). There was a significant difference between CD34+ viability cells among CBU with less than 48 hours or more of TCP (99.6% vs. 99.4%, p=0.019); this difference was stronger when the CD45+ viability was evaluated (93.35% vs. 90.14%, p<0,001). Conclusions TNC and CD34+ UCB cells are influenced by many variables related to the mother and the baby. It looks like on time female babies with good weight, born to a younger mother and from a vaginal delivery reach highest TNC count. CD34+ cells count was directly correlated with BW and CD34+ viability is mainly influenced by the time from collection to processing Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Fifty samples from five baby food products mainly made of cereal flour(s) were analyzed. The moisture contents of these products were between 11.14% and 11.9%, a level below 14.0%, the recommended level for safe storage of cereal grains and their products. The mycological analysis was carried out using the dilution plate method and two isolation media (DG18 for isolation of xerophilic fungi and DRBC for fungi in general). A total of 80 species related to 37 genera in addition to some unidentified fungal and yeast species were recorded on both media from the five products. The products were contaminated abundantly by xerophilic fungi which were occurring in 88% of food samples and accounting for 18.1% of the total CFU as recorded on DG18. The highest contamination level by xerophiles was registered in Mwebaza rice porridge (a component of rice flour) and the lowest in Mukuza (a product of maize, soyabean and sorghum flours). 11 xerophilic species were recorded of which <em>Aspergillus</em> and <em>Eurotium</em> (4 species each) were the predominant giving rise to 9.1% and 8.9% of the total CFU, with <em>A. wentii, A. candidus, E. cristatum</em> and E. repens were the most contaminating species. Of the fungi recorded other than xerophiles, species of Aspergillus (particularly <em>A. flavus</em> followed by <em>A. niger</em>), <em>Penicillium (P. citrinum, P. oxalicum), Fusarium (F. solani, F. tricinctum), Cladosporium (C. sphaerospermum)</em> and yeasts were the most predominant. Contamination of such foods is a matter of health hazard as these foods are for babies. So, the use of fresh, well-dried and uncontaminated flours for production of such foods is recommended.

Background:Although caregiving is a normal part of being a parent of a young child, it is still unclear whether caregiving causes upper limb or neck disability in the caregiver.Objectives:The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between caregiver burden and upper limb-neck disabilities and pain in baby caregivers.Methods:Sixty caregivers who are responsible for the caregiving of a 0-2 year old healthy baby, were included in this study. Physical characteristics and the gender of the caregivers were recorded. Caregiver burden was assessed by the Zarit Burden Interview; upper limb problems by DASH and neck problems by the Neck Disability Index and Neck Bournemouth Questionnaire. In addition, pain severity related to neck and upper limb was evaluated by using Visual Analog Scale over a 10 level scale.Results:The mean age of the caregivers was 30.96 ± 6.43 year. The mean body mass index of the caregivers was 23.34 ± 3.29 indicating normal body composition. Height and weight were 163.75 ± 6.01 and 62.55 ± 8.98, respectively. Ninety-five percent of the caregivers were mother and the others were the babysitter. A weak relationship was determined between the Zarit Burden Interview and DASH (p=0.02, r=0.2), while no relationship was found between caregiver burden and other assessments. Caregivers were found to have very low pain severity in the upper limb and neck.Conclusion:It has been previously reported that caregiving for a disabled child or adult causes care burden and various musculoskeletal disorders1-4. Current study demonstrated that giving care for a healthy child did not create care burden, and caused lower levels of pain in the upper limb and neck.References:[1]Santos, M. T. B. R., Biancardi, M., Guare, R. O., & Jardim, J. R. (2010). Caries prevalence in patients with cerebral palsy and the burden of caring for them.Special Care in Dentistry,30(5), 206-210.[2]Sharan, D., Ajeesh, P. S., Rameshkumar, R., & Manjula, M. (2012). Musculoskeletal disorders in caregivers of children with cerebral palsy following a multilevel surgery.Work,41(Supplement 1), 1891-1895.[3]Akosile, C. O., Okoye, E. C., Adegoke, B. O. A., Mbada, C. E., Maruf, F. A., & Okeke, I. A. (2013). Burden, health and quality of life of Nigerian stroke caregivers.Health Care Current Reviews,1(1), 105.[4]Darragh, A. R., Sommerich, C. M., Lavender, S. A., Tanner, K. J., Vogel, K., & Campo, M. (2015). Musculoskeletal discomfort, physical demand, and caregiving activities in informal caregivers.Journal of Applied Gerontology,34(6), 734-760.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

Bisphenol A (BPA), which is widely used for manufacturing polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins, has been banned from use in plastic baby bottles because of concerns regarding endocrine disruption. Substances with similar chemical structures have been used as BPA alternatives; however, limited information is available on their toxic effects. In the present study, we reviewed the endocrine disrupting potential in the gonad and thyroid endocrine system in zebrafish after exposure to BPA and its alternatives (i.e., bisphenol AF, bisphenol C, bisphenol F, bisphenol S, bisphenol SIP, and bisphenol Z). Most BPA alternatives disturbed the endocrine system by altering the levels of genes and hormones involved in reproduction, development, and growth in zebrafish. Changes in gene expression related to steroidogenesis and sex hormone production were more prevalent in males than in females. Vitellogenin, an egg yolk precursor produced in females, was also detected in males, confirming that it could induce estrogenicity. Exposure to bisphenols in the parental generation induced a decrease in the hatchability associated with offspring generation. In zebrafish exposed to bisphenols, significant decreases in thyroxine concentrations and increases in thyroid-stimulating hormone concentrations were commonly observed. Alternative compounds used to replace a chemical of concern are believed to be less toxic than the original compound; however, several BPA alternatives appear to have similar or greater effects on the endocrine system in zebrafish. Since endocrine systems interact with each other, further studies are needed to assess the primary target of BPA alternatives among the endocrine axes.

In March of 2013, new symptoms were observed in more than seven million nursery-grown sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) plants in El Ejido, Almería (southern Spain). Symptoms included wilting without yellowing of leaves and stunting of plants. Plant crowns exhibited necrosis that advanced through the main root along with slight root rot. Xylem was not affected above or below the crown. Symptoms were thought to be caused by the well-known pepper pathogen Phytophthora capsici. However, sporodochia of Fusarium oxysporum were observed on plant crowns. Symptomatic seedlings (n = 200) were sampled and analyzed. Tissue from roots and epidermal crowns were plated on PDA, PARP, and Komada media, as well as stem discs on PDA and Komada. No Phytophthora sp. were observed and F. oxyporum was exclusively isolated from all 200 samples, from roots and crowns, but not from xylem. Pathogenicity of 60 of these F. oxysporum isolates was studied by inoculation onto sweet pepper plants (cv. del Piquillo) at the 2-true-leaf stage. Twelve plants per isolate, grown on autoclaved vermiculite, were inoculated by drenching with 20 ml of a conidial suspension (1 × 105 CFU/ml) of each isolate per plant. Each suspension was obtained by blending one PDA petri dish fully covered with one isolate. Non-inoculated plants served as control. Plants were maintained for 30 days in a growth chamber with a 14-h photoperiod (1.6 ×·104 lux) and temperatures at 23 to 26°C. The assay was conducted twice. Symptoms described above were reproduced on crown and roots of the inoculated plants with no symptoms in stem discs. No symptoms were observed on controls after 48 days. Host specificity was tested for 13 isolates to tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cv. San Pedro, eggplant (S. melongena) cv. Alegria, cucumber (Cucumis sativus) cv. Marketmore, watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) cv. Sugar Baby, and Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris subsp. condensa) cv. Kasumi (4). These plants were inoculated as previously described for pathogenicity tests (12 plants per species, repeated twice). None of the plants exhibited the characteristic symptoms after 60 days. Five isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-cucumerinum and four isolates of F. o. f. sp radicis-lycopersici were also inoculated without any symptoms in any of the inoculated sweet pepper plants. Morphological identity of all isolates corresponded to F. oxysporum. The fungi were identified following the morphological keys and methodology provided by (1) and (2). Three isolates from the 60 tested were selected for molecular identification. Molecular identification was performed by sequencing partial TEF-1α gene (3). Subsequent database searches by BLASTn indicated that the resulting sequence of 659-bp had 100% identity with the corresponding gene sequence of F. oxysporum. The sequences were identical for the three isolates and were deposited on the EMBL Sequence Database (HG916993, HG916994, and HG916995). Results suggest that the pathogenic ability of the isolates varies from a vascular Fusarium wilt. F. oxysporum f. sp. capsici is a reported pathogen to sweet pepper (5), but the symptoms we have found are closer to those manifested by the formae speciales that causes root and crown rot of other plants. Consistent with the convention stablished for similar diseases we propose the name F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-capsici f. sp. nov. References: (1) J. F. Leslie and B. A. Summerell. The Fusarium Laboratory Manual. Blackwell, Ames, IA, 2006. (2) P. E. Nelson et al. Fusarium species. An Ilustrated Manual for Identification. The Penn St. University Press, 1983. (3) K. O'Donnell et al. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 95:2044, 1998.(4) L. M. Oelke and P. W. Bosland. Capsicum Eggplant Newsl. 20:86, 2001. (5) V. C. Rivelli. M.S. Thesis. Dep. Plant Pathol. and Crop Phys. Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge, 1989.

Various measurement techniques suitable with the length scale of PEFC components have been explored to address the PEFC water management challenge. For the gas diffusion layer (GDL), technological advances have permitted operando water saturation quantification and elucidation of its mechanism with X-ray tomography with few microns resolution 1-4. Furthermore, sub-voxel information contained in the X-ray tomography data has demonstrated accurate water quantification in the nano-porous microporous layer (MPL)5. However, in the nanoscale regime of the catalyst layer, the quantification of water and the mechanism of the water filling the pores remain nontrivial. Studies involving imaging techniques dedicated to understand the water management in the catalyst layer have been carried out albeit with limited spatial resolution6. Nevertheless, the pore-scale information has remained unresolved. Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) technique is proposed as a non-destructive diagnostic tool to investigate the catalyst layer saturation in operating conditions. SAXS is well suited for diagnosing the presence of liquid water during operando experiments because of its sensitivity to electron density contrast, nanoscale observation window, high temporal resolution and adequate spatial resolution to distinguish the components in PEFCs. Herein, SAXS intensity profiles measured at cSAXS, Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, Switzerland, with a recently developed SAXS-compatible operando PEFC (Figure 1 middle and right) are interpreted using representative morphology models and assuming different water filling mechanisms (Figure 1 middle and left). The presentation will provide insights into the wetting phenomena in the catalyst layer of PEFC during operation using a representative morphology modelling approach. This work has been presented in XVIII edition of the International Small-Angle Scattering Conference. (1) Xu, H.; Buhrer, M.; Marone, F.; Schmidt, T. J.; Buchi, F. N.; Eller, J. Effects of Gas Diffusion Layer Substrates on PEFC Water Management: Part I. Operando Liquid Water Saturation and Gas Diffusion Properties. J Electrochem Soc 2021, 168 (7). (2) Eller, J.; Rosen, T.; Marone, F.; Stampanoni, M.; Wokaun, A.; Buchi, F. N. Progress in In Situ X-Ray Tomographic Microscopy of Liquid Water in Gas Diffusion Layers of PEFC. J Electrochem Soc 2011, 158 (8), B963-B970. (3) Mularczyk, A.; Lin, Q. Y.; Niblett, D.; Vasile, A.; Blunt, M. J.; Niasar, V.; Marone, F.; Schmidt, T. J.; Buchi, F. N.; Eller, J. Operando Liquid Pressure Determination in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells. Acs Appl Mater Inter 2021, 13 (29), 34003-34011. (4) Sabharwal, M.; Buchi, F. N.; Nagashima, S.; Marone, F.; Eller, J. Investigation of the transient freeze start behavior of polymer electrolyte fuel cells. J Power Sources 2021, 489. (5) Chen, Y. C.; Berger, A.; De Angelis, S.; Schuler, T.; Bozzetti, M.; Eller, J.; Tileli, V.; Schmidt, T. J.; Buchi, F. N. A Method for Spatial Quantification of Water in Microporous Layers of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells by X-ray Tomographic Microscopy. Acs Appl Mater Inter 2021, 13 (14), 16227-16237. (6) Babu, S. K.; Spernjak, D.; Mukundan, R.; Hussey, D. S.; Jacobson, D. L.; Chung, H. T.; Wu, G.; Steinbach, A. J.; Litster, S.; Borup, R. L.; Zelenay, P. Understanding water management in platinum group metal-free electrodes using neutron imaging. J Power Sources 2020, 472. Figure 1

ASPECTOS BIOQUÍMICOS E FLUORESCÊNCIA DA CLOROFILA A EM PLANTAS DE MINIMELANCIA HIDROPÔNICA SOB ESTRESSE SALINO* LAÍS MONIQUE GOMES DO Ó1, ALIDE MITSUE WATANABE COVA2, PETTERSON COSTA CONCEIÇÃO SILVA3, HANS RAJ GHEYI4, ANDRÉ DIAS DE AZEVEDO NETO5, ROGÉRIO FERREIRA RIBAS6 1Doutoranda em Engenharia Agrícola da Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Rua Rui Barbosa, s/n, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brasil laisnique@hotmail.com. 2Pós-Doutoranda no Programa de Pós-graduação de Engenharia Agrícola da Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Rua Rui Barbosa, s/n, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brasil, alidewatanabe@yahoo.com.br. 3Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Rua Rui Barbosa, s/n, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brasil, petter.ufrb@gmail.com. 4Professor Visitante, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, hgheyi@gmail.com. 5Professor Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Rua Rui Barbosa, s/n, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brasil, andre@ufrb.edu.br. 6Professor Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Rua Rui Barbosa, s/n, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brasil, ecofisiologia@gmail.com. *Este artigo é proveniente da tese de doutorado do primeiro autor. 1 RESUMO A salinidade é um dos principais estresses abióticos que induz distúrbios bioquímicos e fisiológicos em diversas culturas. O objetivo do trabalho foi investigar os efeitos da salinidade da solução nutritiva (CEsol) sobre a produção, acúmulo de solutos orgânicos e inorgânicos e fluorescência da clorofila a em plantas de minimelancia cv. Sugar Baby. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições. As plantas foram cultivadas em sistema hidropônico com cinco níveis de CEsol: 2,5; 3,5; 4,5; 5,5 e 6,5 dS m-1. Foram avaliados: massa do fruto, biomassa da parte aérea, teores de clorofilas a e b, fluorescência da clorofila a e teores de solutos orgânicos e inorgânicos. A massa do fruto e a biomassa seca da parte aérea foram influenciadas negativamente pela CEsol. Houve redução na concentração de carboidratos solúveis totais, aminoácidos livres, proteínas solúveis e prolina livre com o aumento da CEsol. Os íons sódio, cloreto e razão sódio/potássio aumentaram com a salinidade e os teores de potássio foram reduzidos. O incremento da salinidade aumentou linearmente o teor de clorofila b e reduziu linearmente o rendimento quântico da conversão de energia fotoquímica do FSII promovendo um ligeiro aumento no rendimento quântico da perda de energia regulada do FSII. Palavras-chaves: biomassa, carboidratos, íons tóxicos, estresse abiótico. Ó, L. M. G.; COVA, A. M. W.; SILVA, P. C. C.; GHEYI, H. R.; AZEVEDO NETO, A. D. de; RIBAS, R. F. BIOCHEMICAL ASPECTS AND CHLOROPHYLL A FLUORESCENCE IN HYDROPONIC MINI WATERMELON PLANTS UNDER SALT STRESS 2 ABSTRACT Salinity is one of the main abiotic stresses that induce biochemical and physiological disorders in diverse crops. This study investigated the effects of nutrient solution salinity (ECsol) on production, accumulation of organic and inorganic solutes and chlorophyl a fluorescence in mini watermelon plants cv. Sugar Baby. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replications. The plants were grown in a hydroponic system with five levels of ECsol: 2.5; 3.5; 4.5; 5.5 and 6.5 dS m-1. The variables evaluated were the mass of the fruit, the biomass of the aerial parts, contents of chlorophylls a and b, fluorescence of chlorophyll a, and contents of organic and inorganic solutes. The mass of the fruit and dry biomass of the aerial parts was negatively influenced by ECsol. There was a reduction in the concentration of total soluble carbohydrates, free amino acids, soluble proteins and free proline with the increase in ECsol. The sodium, chloride and sodium/potassium ratio increased with ECsol and potassium levels were reduced. The increase in ECsol linearly increased the chlorophyll b content and reduced the quantum yield of the photochemical energy conversion of the PSII promoting a slight increase in the quantum yield of the regulated energy loss of the PSII. Keywords: abiotic stress, biomass, carbohydrates, toxic ions.

The paper presents the results of a study of solid-phase equilibria in the Tb–Te system and the thermodynamic properties of terbium tellurides obtained by the methods of electromotive forces and X-ray diffraction analysis. Based on the experimental data, it was established that the TbTe, Tb2Te3, TbTe2 и TbTe3 compounds are formed in the system. For the investigations of the alloys from the two-phase regions TbTe3+Te, TbTe2+TbTe3, and Tb2Te3+TbTe2, the EMF of concentration cells relative to the TbTe electrode was measured. The EMF of concentration cells relative to the terbium electrode was measured for the TbTe+Tb2T3 region. The partial thermodynamic functions of TbTe and Tb in alloys were determined bycombining the EMF measurements of both types in the 300–450 K temperature range, based on which the standard thermodynamic functions of formation and standard entropies of the indicated terbium tellurides were calculated. References1. Jha A. R. Rare earth materials: properties andapplications. United States. CRC Press. 2014. 371 p.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/b170452. Balaram V. Rare earth elements: A review ofapplications, occurrence, exploration, analysis,recycling, and environmental impact. GeoscienceFrontiers. 2019;10(4): 1285–1290. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2018.12.0053. Yarembash E. I., Eliseev A. A. Khal’kogenidyredkozemel’nykh elementov [Chalcogenides of rareearth elements). Moscow: Nauka Publ.; 1975. 258p.(In Russ.)4. Y-Sc., La-Lu. Gmelin Handbock of InorganicChemistry. In: Hartmut Bergmann (Ed.), Rare EarthElements, 8th Edition, Springer-Verlag HeidelbergGmbH. Berlin; 1987.5. Muthuselvam I. P., Nehru R., Babu K. R.,Saranya K., Kaul S. N., Chen S-M, Chen W-T, Liu Y.,Guo G-Y, Xiu F., Sankar R. Gd2Te3 an antiferromagneticsemimetal. J. Condens. Matter Phys. 2019;31(28):285802-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-648X/ab15706. Huang H., Zhu J.-J. The electrochemicalapplications of rare earth-based nanomaterials.Analyst. 2019;144(23): 6789–6811. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C9AN01562K7. Saint-Paul M., Monceau P. Survey of thethermodynamic properties of the charge density wavesystems. Adv. Cond. Matter Phys. 2019: 1–5 DOI:https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/21382648. Cheikh D., Hogan B. E., Vo T., Allmen P. V., Lee K.,Smiadak D. M., Zevalkink A., Dunn B. S., Fleurial J-P.,Bux S. L. Praseodymium telluride: A high temperature,high- ZT thermoelectric material. Joule. 2018; 2(4):698–709. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2018.01.0139. Patil S. J., Lokhande A. C., Lee D. W, Kim J. H.,Lokhande C. D. Chemical synthesis and supercapacitiveproperties of lanthanum telluride thin film. Journal ofColloid and Interface Science. 2017; 490: 147–153. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2016.11.02010. Zhou X. Z., Zhng K. H. L, Xiog J., Park J-H,Dickerson J-H., He W. Size- and dimentionalitydependent optical, mahnetic and magneto-opticalproperties of binary europium-based nanocrystals:EuX (X=O, S, Se, Te). Nanotechnology. 2016;27(19):192001-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/27/19/19200111. Okamoto H. Desk handbook phase diagram forbinary alloys. ASM International. 2000. 900 p.12. Babanly M. B., Mashadiyeva L. F., Babanly D. M.,Imamaliyeva S. Z., Tagiyev D. B., Yusibov Y. A.. Someissues of complex studies of phase equilibria andthermodynamic properties in ternary chalcogenidesystems involving Emf measurements. Russian Journalof Inorganic Chemistry. 2019;64(13): 1649–1672. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1134/s003602361913003513. Imamaliyeva S. Z., Babanly D. M., Tagiev D. B.,Babanly M. B. Physicochemical aspects of developmentof multicomponent chalcogenide phases having theTl5Te3 structure. A review. Russian Journal of InorganicChemistry2018;63(13): 1703–1724 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/s003602361813004114. Massalski T. B. Binary alloys phase diagrams,second edition. ASM International, Materials Park.Ohio; 1990. 3835 p. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.1991003121515. Diagrammi sostoyaniya dvoynikh metallicheskikhsystem [Diagrams of Binary Metallic Systems]Handbook in 3 vols. Lyakishev N.P. (Ed.) Moscow:Mashinostroenie Publ.; 1996, 1997, 2001. (In Russ.)16. Eliseev A. A., Orlova I. G., Martynova L. F.,Pechennikov A. V., Chechernikov V. I. Paramagnetismof some terbium chalcogenides. Inorganic Materials.1987;23: 1833–1835.17. Mills K. C. Thermodynamic data for inorganicsulphides, selenides, and tellurides. London:Butterworth; 1974. 854 p.18. Vassiliev V. P., Lysenko V. A. Gaune-Escard M.Relationship of thermodynamic data with periodic law.Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2019;91(6): 879–884. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-071719. Vassiliev V. P., Lysenko V. A. New approach forthe study of thermodynamic properties of lanthanidecompounds. Electrochimica Acta. 2016;222: 1770–1775.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2016.11.07520. Morachevsky A. G., Voronin G. F., Geyderich V. A.,Kutsenok I. B. Elektrokhimicheskie metody issledovaniyav t e r m o d i n a m i k e m e t a l l i c h e s k i k h s y s t e m .[Electrochemical methods of investigation inhermodynamics of metal systems]. Moscow:Akademkniga Publ.; 2003. 334 p. Available at: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=19603291 (In Russ.)21. Babanly M. B., Yusibov Y. A. Elektrokhimicheskiemetody v termodinamike neorganicheskikh sistem[Electrochemical methods in thermodynamics ofinorganic systems]. Baku: BSU Publ.; 2011. 306 p.22. Imamaliyeva S. Z., Mehdiyeva I. F., Taghiyev D. B.et al. Thermodynamic investigations of the erbiumtellurides by EMF method. Physics and Chemistry ofSolid State. 2020;21(2): 312–318. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15330/pcss.21.2.312-31823. Hasanova G. S., Aghazade A. I., Yusibov Yu. A.,Babanly M. B. Thermodynamic investigation of theBi2Se3-Bi2Te3 system by the EMF method. Kondensirovannyesredy i mezhfaznye granitsy = CondensedMatter and Interphases. 2020;22(3): 310–319. DOI:https://doi.org/10.17308/kcmf.2020.22/296124. Imamaliyeva S. Z., Babanly D. M., Gasanly T. M.,et al.: Thermodynamic properties of Tl9GdTe6 andTlGdTe2. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A.2018;92(11): 2111–2116. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/s003602441811015825. Mansimova S. H., Orujlu E. N., Sultanova S. G.,Babanly M. B. Thermodynamic properties of Pb6Sb6Se17.Kondensirovannye sredy i mezhfaznye granitsy =Condensed Matter and Interphases. 2017;19(4): 536–541. https://doi.org/10.17308/kcmf.2017.19/23426. Imamaliyeva S. Z., Gasanly T. M., MahmudovaM. A. Thermodynamic properties of GdTe compound.Physics. 2017;22: 19–21. Available at: http://physics.gov.az/Dom/2017/AJP_Fizika_04_2017_en.pdf27. Imamaliyeva S. Z., Musayeva S. S., Babanly D. M.,Jafarov Y. I., Tagiyev D. B., Babanly M. B. Determinationof the thermodynamic functions of bismuthchalcoiodides by EMF method with morpholiniumformate as electrolyte. Thermochim. Acta. 2019; 679:178319–17825. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2019.17831928. Baza dannykh termicheskikh konstant veshchestv.Elektronnaya versiya pod. red. V. S. Yungmana. 2006[Database of thermal constants of substances.Electronic version V. S. Yungman (ed.). 2006]. Availableat: http://www.chem.msu.ru/cgi-bin/tkv.pl?show=welcome.html/welcome.html

During reading, readers never fixate on all words in the text; shorter words sometimes gain zero fixation and skipped by the reader. Relying on E-Z Reader Model, this research hypothesized that a similar skipping effect also exists for a second language. The current study examined word skipping rates in EFL (English as a Foreign Language) with 75 EFL learners by using eye tracking methodology. The results showed that word skipping was affected by EFL reading proficiency significantly and articles (a, an, the) were skipped more than content words. Furthermore, more skilled learners were observed to have less fixation count and skipped more words during reading while less skilled learners employed more fixations and skipped less words. Eye tracking as a novel method to observe learner development and progress in EFL reading was also discussed. References Altarriba, J., Kroll, J. F., Sholl, A.. & Rayner, K. (1996). The influence of lexical andconceptual constraints on reading mixed-language sentences: Evidence from eye fixations andnaming times. Memory & Cognition, 24, 477–492. Balota, D. A., Pollatsek, A., & Rayner, K. (1985). The interaction of contextual constraints andparafoveal visual information in reading. Cognitive Psychology, 17, 364–388. Binder, K. S., Pollatsek, A., & Rayner, K. (1999). Extraction of information to the left of thefixated word in reading. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception andPerformance, 25, 1162–1172. Brysbaert, M., & Vitu, F. (1998). Word Skipping: Implications for Theories of Eye MovementControl in Reading. In: Eye Guidance in Reading and Scene Perception. (pp. 125–147).G. Underwood, (Ed.). Oxford: Elsevier. Carpenter, P. A., & Just, M. A. (1983). What your eyes do while your mind is reading. In: EyeMovements in Reading: Perceptual and Language processes , (pp. 275–307), K. Rayner (ed.).New York: Academic Press. Djamasbi, S., Siegel, M., Skorinko, J., & Tullis, T. (2011). Online viewing and aestheticpreferences of generation y and the baby boom generation: Testing user web site experiencethrough eye tracking. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 15(4), 121–158. Dolgunsöz, E. (2015). Measuring Attention in Second Language Reading Using Eye-tracking:The Case of the Noticing Hypothesis. Journal of Eye Movement Research, 8(5). Drieghe, D., Brysbaert, M., Desmet, T., & De Baecke, C. (2004). Word skipping in reading: Onthe interplay of linguistic and visual factors. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology,16(1–2), 79–103. Godfroid, A., Boers, F., & Housen, A. (2013). An eye for words: Gauging the role of attentionin incidental L2 vocabulary acquisition by means of eye-tracking. Studies in Second languageAcquisition, 35(3), 483–517. Henderson, J. M., & Ferreira, F. (1993). Eye movement control during reading: Fixationmeasures reflect foveal but not parafoveal processing difficulty. Canadian Journal ofExperimental Psychology, 47, 201–221. Joe, A. (1995). Text based tasks and incidental vocabulary learning. Foreign languageResearch, 11(2), 95–111. Just, M. A., & Carpenter, P. (1980). A theory of reading: From eye fixations tocomprehension. Psychological Review, 85, 109–130. Liu, P. L. (2014). Using eye tracking to understand the responses of learners to vocabularylearning strategy instruction and use. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 27(4), 330–343. McNeill, A. (1996). Vocabulary Knowledge profiles: Evidence from Chinese speaking ESLspeakers. Hong Kong Journal of Applied Linguistics 1(1), 39–63. Pollatsek, A., Reichle, E., & Rayner, K. (2003). Modeling eye movements in reading. In: TheMind’s Eyes: Cognitive and Applied Aspects of Eye Movement Research. (pp. 361–390).J. Hyona, R. Radach, & H. Deubel, (Eds.). Amsterdam: Elsevier. Radach, R., & Kempe, V. (1993). An individual analysis of initial fixation positions inreading. In: Perception and cognition: Advances in eye movement research (pp. 213–226). G.d’Ydewalle & J. Van Rensbergen (Eds.). Amsterdam: North Holland. Rayner, K. (1998). Eye Movements in Reading and Information Processing: 20 Years ofResearch, Psychological Bulletin, 124 (3), 372–422 Rayner, K., & Fischer, M. H. (1996). Mindless reading revisited: eye movements duringreading and scanning are different. Perception & Psychophysics, 58(5), 734–747. Rayner, K., & Well, A. D. (1996). Effects of contextual constraint on eye movements duringreading: a further examination. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 3, 504–509. Rayner, K., Binder, K. S., Ashby, J., & Pollatsek, A. (2001). Eye movement control inreading: word predictability has little influence on initial landing positions in words. VisionResearch, 41(7), 943–954. Rayner, K., Reichle, E. D., & Pollatsek, A. (2005). Eye movement control in reading and theE-Z Reader model. In: Cognitive Processes in Eye Guidance (pp. 131-162). G. Underwood(Ed.),. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Rayner, K., Sereno, S. C., & Raney, G. E. (1996). Eye movement control in reading: acomparison of two types of models. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perceptionand Performance, 22, 1188–1200. Reichle, E., Pollatsek, A., Fisher, D. L., & Rayner, K. (1998). Toward a model of eyemovement control in reading. Psychological Review, 105, 125–157. Scarcella, R. & C. Zimmerman (1998). ESL student performance on a text of academiclexicon. Studies in Second language Acquisition, 20(1), 27–49. Schilling, H. E., Rayner, K., & Chumbley, J. I. (1998). Comparing naming, lexical decision,and eye fixation times: Word frequency effects and individual differences. Memory &Cognition, 26(6), 1270–1281. Schroeder, S., Hyönä, J., & Liversedge, S. P. (2015). Developmental eye-tracking research inreading: Introduction to the special issue. Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 27(5), 500–510. Smith, B. (2012). Eye tracking as a measure of noticing: A study of explicit recasts in SCMC.Language Learning & Technology, 16(3), 53–81. Wesche, M. & T. Paribakht (1996). Assessing vocabulary knowledge: depth vs. breadth.Canadian Modern Language Review, 53(1), 13–40. Winke, P., Gass, S., & Sydorenko, T. (2013). Factors Influencing the Use of Captions byForeign Language Learners: An Eye‐Tracking Study. The Modern Language Journal, 97(1),254–275.

In July 2013, a melon plant sample (Cucumis melo cv. Saski) with disease symptoms resembling bacterial fruit blotch (BFB), was collected from a 10-acre field located in Yolo County, California, and submitted to the Plant Pest Diagnostics Center of the CDFA. Melon leaves had small (5 to 10 mm in diameter), tan to dark reddish-brown, angular lesions surrounded by yellow halos, and larger V-shaped lesions that extended from the leaf margins to the midrib. Bacterial streaming was observed at 400× magnification. The bacterium isolated from a leaf tissue wet mount formed smooth, round, cream-colored, non-fluorescent colonies on Pseudomonas F agar, was gram-negative, rod-shaped, aerobic, and oxidase-positive. The strain grew at 41°C and produced a strong hypersensitive response on tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) 24 h after tissue infiltration. Based on a positive immunoassay test for Acidovorax citrulli (Eurofins STA Lab, Inc., Longmont, CO) and positive real-time PCR assays using species-specific primer sets, BX-L1/BX-S-R2 (1) and ZUP2436/2437 (4), the strain was identified as A. citrulli. A 360-bp fragment of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene was amplified using conventional PCR with primers WFB1 and WFB2 (3). The fragment, GenBank Accession No. KJ531595, showed 100% identity with the corresponding regions of A. citrulli (CP000512) strain AAC00-1 by BLAST query. Pathogenicity tests were performed by injecting 0.5 to 1 ml suspensions of the bacteria (106 CFU/ml) under the rind of three mature honeydew fruit (Cucumis melo var. indorus), three watermelon fruit (Citrullus lanatus cv. Sugar Baby), and into the cotyledons of ten, 10-day-old watermelon seedlings (cv. Sugar Baby). The fruit and seedlings were incubated in plastic bags at 30°C and similar treatments with sterile water served as negative controls. After 4 days, the seedlings inoculated with the suspect strain exhibited dark brown necrotic lesions with yellow halos that later coalesced, causing the cotyledons to collapse. Seven days after inoculation, the honeydew fruit exhibited dry, rotten gray cavities (4 to 6 cm in diameter) in the pericarp tissue below the rind. In contrast, the watermelon fruit had completely collapsed in a watery rot after 7 days. No symptoms were observed on the negative control fruits and seedlings treated with water. The pathogen was re-isolated from the inoculated fruit and seedlings and confirmed as A. citrulli by species-specific PCR and immunoassay as described above. The melon seed lot used to plant the field in Yolo County, CA, also tested positive for A. citrulli using species-specific real-time PCR assays (1,4). DNA fingerprinting by pulse field gel electrophoresis of Spe I-digested whole cell genomic DNA showed that all of the California A. citrulli strains were members of subgroup II (haplotype C strain) (3). These haplotypes normally occur on watermelon. BFB is a seed-transmitted disease of cucurbits and a major concern for national and global seed trade. First observed in United States commercial watermelon fields in 1989, BFB can cause economic losses up to 90% for commercial watermelon, cantaloupe, and honeydew growers (1,2). While BFB routinely occurs in the southeastern United States, this is the first official record of the disease in California. References: (1) O. Bahar et al. Plant Pathol. 57:754, 2008. (2) R. Walcott et al. J. Phytopathol. 152:277, 2004. (3) R. Walcott et al. Plant Dis. 84:470, 2000. (4) B. Woudt et al. Phytopathology 99:S143, 2009.

Plants for medicinal purposes are considered as the main source of health care for the majority of the world population. In order to promote medicinal plants in Algeria, the present work aimed to assess the physico-chemical characterization, hemolytic, and antioxidant activities of Ammodaucus leucotrichus essential oil of an endemic plant from south-west of Algeria. The plant was harvested from the region of Bechar (south-west of Algeria). The oil was obtained by hydrodistillation method using Clevenger apparatus. The antioxidant activity of the oil was carried out using DPPH scavenging assay, and its effect on erythrocyte cells was evaluated by measuring the hemolytic degree. The obtained results showed that this oil presented a low antioxidant activity compared to positive control (ascorbic acid). The hemolytic activity was very low since the oil diluted to 1/10, while it was low in the pure state. This fact proves the safety of A. leucotrichus oil, which can explain its use without risk by the indigenous population. REFERENCES: Abu Zarga, M.H., Al-Jaber, H.I., Baba Amer, Z.Y., Sakhrib, L., Al-Qudah, M.A., Alhumaidi, J.Y.G., Abaza, I.F., & Afifi, FU. (2013). Chemical composition, antimicrobialand antitumor activities of essential oil of Ammodaucus leucotrichus growing in Algeria.Journal of Biologically Active Products from Nature, 3, 224–231.http://doi.org/10.1080/22311866.2013.833469.Adorjan, B., & Buchbauer, G. (2010). Biological properties of essential oils: An updatedreview. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 25, 407–426. http://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.2024.AFNOR. (1992). Association Française de Normalisation «Recueil des normes françaises surles huiles essentielles». II édition, Paris.Amorati, R., Foti, M.C., & Valgimigli, L. (2013). Antioxidant activity of essential oils.Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 61, 10835–10847.http://doi.org/10.1021/jf403496k.Bakkali, F., Averbeck, S., Averbeck, D., Idaomar, M. (2008). Biological effects of essentialoils- a review. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 46, 446–475.http://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2007.09106.Barao Paixao, V.L., & de Carvalho, J.F. (2021). Essential oil therapy in rheumatic diseases:A systematic review. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 43, 101391.http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2021.101391Benhouhou, S. (2005). A Guide to Medicinal plants in North Africa: database on Medicinalplants, IUCN center for Mediterranean cooperation. Mâlaga.Bouaziz, M., Yangui, T., Sayadi, S., & Dhouib, A. (2009). Disinfectant properties of essentialoils from Salvia officinalis L. cultivated in Tunisia. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 47,2755–2760. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2009.08.005.Burt, S. (2004). Essential oils: their antibacterial properties applications in foods-a review.International Journal of Food Microbiology, 94, 223–253.http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2004.03.022.Conforti, F., Sosa, S., Marrelli, M., Menichini, F., Statti, G.A., Uzunov, D., Tubaro, A., &Menichini, F. (2009). The protective ability of Mediterranean dietary plants against theoxidative damage: The role of radical oxygen species in inflammation and thepolyphenol, flavonoid and sterol contents. Food Chemistry, 112, 587–594.http://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.06.013.Dalar, A., Türker, M., & Konczak, I. (2012). Antioxidant capacity and phenolic constituentsof Malva neglecta Wallr. and Plantago lanceolata L. from Eastern Anatolia region ofTurkey. Journal of Herbal Medicine, 2, 42–51.http://doi.org/10.1016/j.hermed.2012.03.001.Dawidowicz, A.L., Szewczyk, J., & Dybowski, M.P. (2016). Modified application of HSSPME for quality evaluation of essential oil plant materials. Talanta, 146, 195–202.http://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2015.08.043.El Haci, I.A., Bekhechi. C., Atik-Bekkara, F., Mazari, W., Gherib, M., Bighelli, A.,Casanova, J., & Fellix, T. (2014). Antimicrobial activity of Ammodaucus leucotrichusfruit oil from Algerian Sahara. Natural Product Communications, 9, 711–712.http://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X1400900533 Essid, R., Rahali, F.Z., Msaada, K., Sghair, I., Hammami, M., Bouratbine, A., Aoun, K., &Limam, F. (2015). Antileishmanial and cytotoxic potential of essential oils frommedicinal plants in Northern Tunisia. Industrial Crops and Products, 77, 795–802.http://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.09.049.Fillatre, Y., Rondeau, D., Daguin, A., & Communal, P.Y. (2016). A work flow for multiclassdetermination of 256 pesticides in essential oils by liquid chromatography tandem massspectrometry using evaporation and dilution approaches: Application to lavandin, lemonand cypress essential oils. Talanta, 149, 178–186.http://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2015.11.052.Gainza, Y.A., Domingues, L.F., Perez, O.P., Rabelo, M.D., Lopez, E.R., & Chagas, A.C.S.(2015). Anthelmintic activity in vitro of Citrus sinensis and Melaleuca quinquenerviaessential oil from Cuba on Haemonchus contortus. Industrial Crops and Products, 76,647–652. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.07.056.Gomes, M.R.F., Schuh, R.S., Jacques, A.L.B., Dorneles, G.G., Montanha, J., Roehe, P.M.,Bordignon, S., Dallegrave, E., Leal, M.B., & Limberger, R.P. (2013). Biologicalassessment (antiviral and antioxidant) and acute toxicity of essential oils from Drimysangustifolia and D. brasiliensis. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 23, 284–290.http://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-695X2012005000142.Halla, N., Helenoa, S.A., Costa, P., Fernandes, I.P., Calhelha, R.C., Boucherit, K., Rodrigues,A.E., Ferreira, I.C.F.R., & Barreiro, M.F. (2018). Chemical profile and bioactiveproperties of the essential oil isolated from Ammodaucus leucotrichus fruits growing inSahara and its evaluation as a cosmeceutical ingredient. Industrial Crops and Products,119, 249–254. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.04.043.Hammiche, V., & Maiza, K. (2006). Traditional medicine in central Sahara: pharmacopoeiaof Tassili N’ajjer. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 105, 358–367.http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.11.028.Hossain, M.H., Shah, M.D., Sang, S.V., & Sakari, M. (2012). Chemical composition andantibacterial properties of the essential oils and crude extracts of Merremia borneensis.Journal of King Saud University –Science, 24, 243–249.http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2011.03.006.Hussein, G., Miyashiro, H., Nakamura, N., Hattori, M., Kakiuchi, N., & Shimotohno, K.(2000). Inhibitory effects of Sudanese medical plant extracts on hepatitis C virus (HCV)protease. Phytotherapy Research, 14, 510–516. http://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1573(200011)14:7<510::aid-ptr646>3.0.co;2-b.Idm’hand, E., Msanda, F., & Cherifi, K. (2020). Medicinal uses, phytochemistry andpharmacology of Ammodaucus leucotrichus. Clinical Phytoscience, 6,6.http://doi.org/10.1186/s40816-020-0154-7.Khaldi, A., Meddah, B., Moussaoui, A., & Sonnet, P. (2017). Anti-mycotoxin effect andantifungal properties of essential oil from Ammodaucus leucotrichus Coss. & Dur. onAspergillus flavus and Aspergillus ochraceus. Journal of Essential Oil and BearingPlants, 20, 36–44. http://doi.org/10.1080/0972060X.2017.1282840.Lee, J.Y., Cho, P.Y., Kim, T.Y., Kang, S.Y., Song, K.Y., & Hong, S.J. (2002). Hemolyticactivity and developmental expression of pore-forming peptide, clonorin. Biochemicaland Biophysical Research Communications, 296, 1238–1244.http://doi.org/10.1016/s0006-291x(02)02062-4.Manssouri, M., Znini, M., & Majidi, L. (2020). Studies on the antioxidant activity of essentialoil and various extracts of Ammodaucus leucotrichus Coss. & Dur. fruits from Morocco.Journal of Taibah University for Science, 14, 124–130.http://doi.org/10.1080/16583655.2019.1710394. Pavlović, I., Petrović, S., Radenković, M., Milenković, M., Couladis, M., Branković, S.,Pavlović, M.D., & Niketic, D.M. (2012). Composition, antimicrobial, antiradical andspasmolytic activity of Ferula heuffelii Griseb. ex Heuffel (Apiaceae) essential oil. FoodChemistry, 130, 310–315. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.07.043.Pillai, S., Mahmud, R., Lee, W.C., & Perumal, S. (2012). Anti-parasitic Activity of Myristicafragrans Houtt. essential oil against Toxoplasma Gondii parasite. APCBEE Procedia, 2,92–96. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcbee.2012.06.017.Quezel, P., & Santa, S. (1963). Nouvelle flore de l’Algérie et des régions désertiquesméridionales, CNRS, Paris.Riaz, M., Rasool, N., Bukhari, I.H., Shahid, M., Zubair, M., Rizwan, K., & Rashid, U.(2012). In vitro antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxicity and GC/MS analysis of Mazusgoodenifolius. Molecules, 17, 14275–14287. http://doi.org/10.3390/molecules171214275Sadaoui, N., Bec, N., Barragnan-Montero, V., Kadri, N., Cuisinier, F., Larroque, C., Arab,K., & Khettal, B. (2018). The essential oil of Algerian Ammodaucus leucotrichus Coss.& Dur. and its effect on the cholinesterase and monoamine oxidase activities.Fitoterapia, 130, 1–5. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2018.07.015Saleh, M.A., Clark, S., Woodard, B., & Deolu-Sobogun, S.A. (2010). Antioxidant and freeradical scavenging activities of essential oils. Ethnicity and Disease, 20 Suppl 1, 78–82.Salem, M.Z.M., Zidan, Y.E., Mansour, M.A.M., El Hadidi, N.M.N., & Abo Elgat, W.A.A.(2016). Antifungal activities of two essential oils used in the treatment of threecommercial woods deteriorated by five common mold fungi. InternationalBiodeterioration and Biodegradation, 106, 88–96.http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2015.10.010.Sebaaly, C., Charcosset, C., Stainmesse, S., Fessi, H., & Greige-Gergesa, H. (2016). Cloveessential oil-in-cyclodextrin-in-liposomes in the aqueous and lyophilized states: fromlaboratory to large scale using a membrane contactor. Carbohydrate Polymers, 138, 75–85. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.11.053.Sharma, P., Sharma, J.D. (2001). In vitro hemolysis of human erythrocytes by plant extractswith antiplasmodial activity. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 74, 239–243.http://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(00)00370-6.Tampieri, M.P., Galuppi, R., Macchioni, F., Carelle, M.S., Falcioni, L., Cioni, P.L., &Morelli, I. (2005). The inhibition of Candida albicans by selected essential oils and theirmajor components. Mycopathologia, 159, 339–345. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11046-003-4790-5.Turek, C., & Stintzing, F.C. (2012). Impact of different storage conditions on the quality ofselected essential oils. Food Research International, 46, 341–353.http://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2011.12.028.Velasco-Negueruela, A., Pérez-Alonso, M.J., Pérez de Paz, P.L., Palá-Paúl, J., & Sanz, J.(2006). Analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of the volatiles from thefruits of Ammodaucus leucotrichus subsp. leucotrichus and subsp. nanocarpus grown inNorth Africa and the Canary Islands, respectively. Journal of Chromatography A, 1108,273–275. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2006.01.031.

Sharenting is a habit of using social media to share content that disseminates pictures, videos, information, and parenting styles for their children. The purpose of this article is to describe the sharenting phenomenon that occurs among young parents, and the importance of parenting programs, rather than protecting children's privacy. Writing articles use a qualitative approach as a literature review method that utilizes various scientific articles describing the sharenting phenomenon in various countries. The findings show that sharenting behaviour can create the spread of children's identity openly on social media and tends not to protect children's privacy and even seems to exploit children. Apart from that, sharenting can also create pressure on the children themselves and can even have an impact on online crime. This article is expected to provide benefits to parents regarding the importance of maintaining attitudes and behaviour when sharing and maintaining children's privacy and rights on social media. Keywords: Sharenting on social media, Children's Privacy, Parenting Program References: Åberg, E., & Huvila, J. (2019). Hip children, good mothers – children’s clothing as capital investment? Young Consumers, 20(3), 153–166. https://doi.org/10.1108/YC-06-2018-00816 Altafim, E. R. P., & Linhares, M. B. M. (2016). Universal violence and child maltreatment prevention programs for parents: A systematic review. Psychosocial Intervention, 25(1), 27–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psi.2015.10.003 Archer, C., & Kao, K.-T. (2018). Mother, baby, and Facebook makes three: Does social media provide social support for new mothers? Media International Australia, 168(1), 122–139. https://doi.org/10.1177/1329878X18783016 Bartholomew, M. K., Schoppe-Sullivan, S. J., Glassman, M., Kamp Dush, C. M., & Sullivan, J. M. (2012). New Parents’ Facebook Use at the Transition to Parenthood. Family Relations, 61(3), 455–469. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3729.2012.00708.x Belk, R. W. (1988). Possessions and the Extended Self. Journal of Consumer Research, 15(2), 139. https://doi.org/10.1086/209154 Belk, R. W. (2013). Extended Self in a Digital World: Table 1. Journal of Consumer Research, 40(3), 477–500. https://doi.org/10.1086/671052 Benedetto, L., & Ingrassia, M. (2021). Digital Parenting: Raising and Protecting Children in Media World. In L. Benedetto & M. Ingrassia (Eds.), Parenting. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92579 Berns, R. (2016). Child, family, school, community. Socialization and support. Stanford. United States of America, 5(64), 93–98. Bessant, C. (2017). Parental sharenting and the privacy of children. Northumbria University Faculty of Business and Law, Faculty and Doctoral Conference, 28th - 29th June 2017, Newcastle, UK. Bessant, C. (2018). Sharenting: Balancing the Conflicting Rights of Parents and Children. Communications Law, 23(1), 7–24. Bessant, C., & Nottingham, E. (2020). Sharenting in a socially distanced world. Parenting for a Digital Future., 1–2. Biglan, A., Flay, B. R., Embry, D. D., & Sandier, I. N. (2012). The Critical Role of Nurturing Environments for Promoting Human Weil-Being. American Psychologist, 16. Blum-Ross, A., & Livingstone, S. (2017). “Sharenting,” parent blogging, and the boundaries of the digital self. Popular Communication, 15(2), 110–125. https://doi.org/10.1080/15405702.2016.1223300 Brooks, J. (2008). The Process of Parenting. In The Process of Parenting (pp. 116–117). Pustaka Belajar. Brosch, A. (2016). When the child is born into the internet: Sharenting as a growing trend among parents on Facebook. New Educational Review, 43(1), 224–235. https://doi.org/10.15804/tner.2016.43.1.19 Brosch, A. (2018). Sharenting – Why do parents violate their children’s privacy? New Educational Review, 54(4), 75–85. https://doi.org/10.15804/tner.2018.54.4.06 Byrne, S., Rodrigo, M. J., & Máiquez, M. L. (2014). Patterns of individual change in a parenting program for child maltreatment and their relation to family and professional environments. Child Abuse & Neglect, 38(3), 457–467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.12.008 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2014). Understanding Child Maltreatment 2014 (p. 2). http://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/cm-factsheet-a.pdf Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA). (2002). Protecting Children’s Privacy Under COPPA: A Survey on Compliance. Federal Trade Commission. http://www.ftc.gov/ogc/coppa1.htm Choi, G. Y., & Lewallen, J. (2018). “Say Instagram, Kids!”: Examining Sharenting and Children’s Digital Representations on Instagram. Howard Journal of Communications, 29(2), 144–164. https://doi.org/10.1080/10646175.2017.1327380 Collins English Dictionary. (2014). Opinion—Definition of opinion by The Free Dictionary. 12th Edition. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/database Comer, J. S., & Barlow, D. H. (2014). The occasional case against broad dissemination and implementation: Retaining a role for specialty care in the delivery of psychological treatments. American Psychologist, 69(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033582 Durkin, K. F., & Bryant, C. D. (1999). Propagandizing pederasty: A thematic analysis of the on-line exculpatory accounts of unrepentant pedophiles. Deviant Behavior, 20(2), 103–127. https://doi.org/10.1080/016396299266524 Fitri, S. (2017). Dampak Foditif dan Negatif Sosial Media terhadap Sosial Anak. NATURALISTIC: Jurnal Kajian Penelitian Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran, 1(2), 118–123. https://doi.org/10.35568/naturalistic.v1i2.5 Fox, A. K., & Hoy, M. G. (2019). Smart Devices, Smart Decisions? Implications of Parents’ Sharenting for Children’s Online Privacy: An Investigation of Mothers. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 38(4), 414–432. https://doi.org/10.1177/0743915619858290 Fridha, M., & Irawan, R. E. (2020). Eksploitasi Anak Melalui Akun Instagram (Analisis Wacana Kritis Praktek Sharenting oleh Selebgram Ashanty & Rachel Venya). Komuniti: Jurnal Komunikasi dan Teknologi Informasi, 12(1), 68–80. https://doi.org/10.23917/komuniti.v12i1.10703 Friedman, S. J. (2000). Children and the World Wide Web. University Press of America. Hammond, S. I., Müller, U., Carpendale, J. I. M., Bibok, M. B., & Liebermann-Finestone, D. P. (2012). The effects of parental scaffolding on preschoolers’ executive function. Developmental Psychology, 48(1), 271–281. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0025519 Holzer, P. J., Higgins, J., Bromfield, L., Richardson, N., & Higgins, D. (2006). The effectiveness of parent education and home visiting child maltreatment prevention programs. Australian Institute of Family Studies. Koetse, M. (2019). ‘Sharenting’ on Chinese Social Media: When Parents Are Posting Too Many Baby Pics on WeChat. What’s on Weibo Reporting Social Trends in China. Krisnawati, E. (2016). Mempertanyakan Privasi di Era Selebgram: Masih Adakah? Jurnal IIlmu Komunikasi, 13(2), 179. https://doi.org/10.24002/jik.v13i2.682 Latipah, E., Adi Kistoro, H. C., Hasanah, F. F., & Putranta, H. (2020). Elaborating motive and psychological impact of sharenting in millennial parents. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 8(10), 4807–4817. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.081052 Leaver, T. (2020). Balancing privacy: Sharenting, intimate surveillance, and the right to be forgotten. In The Routledge Companion to Digital Media and Children. https://doi.org/10.33767/osf.io/fwmr2 Lee, S. J., Ward, K. P., Chang, O. D., & Downing, K. M. (2021). Parenting activities and the transition to home-based education during the COVID-19 pandemic. Children and Youth Services Review, 122, 105585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105585 Lundahl, B., Risser, H., & Lovejoy, M. (2006). A meta-analysis of parent training: Moderators and follow-up effects. Clinical Psychology Review, 26(1), 86–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2005.07.004 Lwin, M., Stanaland, A., & Miyazaki, A. (2008). Protecting children’s privacy online: How parental mediation strategies affect website safeguard effectiveness. Journal of Retailing, 84(2), 205–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretai.2008.04.004 Manganello, J. A., Falisi, A. L., Roberts, K. J., Smith, K. C., & McKenzie, L. B. (2016). Pediatric injury information seeking for mothers with young children: The role of health literacy and ehealth literacy. Journal of Communication in Healthcare, 9(3), 223–231. https://doi.org/10.1080/17538068.2016.1192757 Manotipya, P., & Ghazinour, K. (2020). Children’s Online Privacy from Parents’ Perspective. Procedia Computer Science, 177, 178–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2020.10.026 Marasli, M., Sühendan, E., Yilmazturk, N. H., & Cok, F. (2016). Parents’ shares on social networking sites about their children: Sharenting. Anthropologist, 24(2), 399–406. https://doi.org/10.1080/09720073.2016.11892031 Mikton, C., & Butchart, A. (2009). Child maltreatment prevention: A systematic review of reviews. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 87(5), 353–361. https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.08.057075 Miyazaki, A. D. (2008). Online Privacy and the Disclosure of Cookie Use: Effects on Consumer Trust and Anticipated Patronage. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 27(1), 19–33. https://doi.org/10.1509/jppm.27.1.19 Morris, A. S., Robinson, L. R., Hays-Grudo, J., Claussen, A. H., Hartwig, S. A., & Treat, A. E. (2017). Targeting Parenting in Early Childhood: A Public Health Approach to Improve Outcomes for Children Living in Poverty. Child Development, 88(2), 388–397. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12743 Moser, C., Chen, T., & Schoenebeck, S. Y. (2017). Parents? And Children?s Preferences about Parents Sharing about Children on Social Media. Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 5221–5225. https://doi.org/10.1145/3025453.3025587 Nooraeni, R. (2017). Implementasi Program Parenting Dalam Menumbuhkan Perilaku Pengasuhan Positif Orang Tua Di PAUD Tulip Tarogong Kaler Garut. Jurnal Pendidikan Luar Sekolah, 13(2). Nottingham, E. (2013). ‘Dad! Cut that Part Out!’ Children’s Rights to Privacy in the Age of ‘Generation Tagged’: Sharenting, digital kidnapping and the child micro-celebrity. In Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling. O’Keeffe, G. S., Clarke-Pearson, K., & Council on Communications and Media. (2011). The Impact of Social Media on Children, Adolescents, and Families. PEDIATRICS, 127(4), 800–804. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-0054 Pan, X., & Yu, H. (2018). Different Effects of Cognitive Shifting and Intelligence on Creativity. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 52(3), 212–225. https://doi.org/10.1002/jocb.144 Prasetyo, Dimas., Syahnas, A. N. R., Fajriani, A., Nugraha, H. G., & Suryani, S. (2019). “Saya hanya mengunggah foto dan video anak saya ”. Intenational Conference on ECEP. Putra, A. M., & Febrina, A. (2019). Fenomena Selebgram Anak: Memahami Motif Orang tua. Jurnal ASPIKOM, 3(6), 1093–1108. https://doi.org/10.24329/aspikom.v3i6.396 Sakashita, M., & Kimura, J. (2011). Daughter as Mother’s Extended Self. In European advances in consumer research (In A. Bradshaw, C. Hackley, P. Maclaran (Eds.), Vol. 9, pp. 283–289). Association for Consumer Research. Salleh, A. S., & Noor, N. A. Mohd. (2019). Sharenting: Implikasinya dari Persepektif Perundangan Malaysia. Jurnal Undangundang Malaysia, 31(1), 121–156. Sanders, M. (2012). Development, evaluation, and multinational dissemination of the triple P-Positive Parenting Program. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 8, 345–379. Santini, P. M., & Williams, L. C. (2016). Parenting Programs to Prevent Corporal Punishment: A Systematic Review. Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto), 26(63), 121–129. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-43272663201614 Sarkadi, A., Dahlberg, A., Fängström, K., & Warner, G. (2020). Children want parents to ask for permission before ‘sharenting’. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 56(6), 981–983. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpc.14945 Shumaker, C., Loranger, D., & Dorie, A. (2017). Dressing for the Internet: A study of female self-presentation via dress on Instagram. Fashion, Style & Popular Culture, 4(3), 365–382. https://doi.org/10.1386/fspc.4.3.365_1 Siibak, A., & Traks, K. (2019). Viewpoints The dark sides of sharenting. Catalan Journal of Communication & Cultural Studies, 11(1), 115–121. https://doi.org/10.1386/cjcs.11.1.115 Sobur, A. (2001). Pers, Hak Privasi, dan Hak Publik. Mediator, 2(1), 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.24329/aspikom.v3i6.396 Steinberg, S. B. (2017). Sharenting: Children’s Privacy in the Age of social media. EMORY LAW JOURNAL, 66, 47. Traube, D. E., Hsiao, H.-Y., Rau, A., Hunt-O’Brien, D., Lu, L., & Islam, N. (2020). Advancing Home Based Parenting Programs through the Use of Telehealth Technology. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 29(1), 44–53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-019-01458-w Trivette, C. M., & Dunst, C. J. (2009). Community-Based Parent Support Programs. 7. van der Velden, M., & El Emam, K. (2013). “Not all my friends need to know”: A qualitative study of teenage patients, privacy, and social media. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 20(1), 16–24. https://doi.org/10.1136/amiajnl-2012-000949 Verswijvel, K., Walrave, M., Hardies, K., & Heirman, W. (2019). Sharenting, is it a good or a bad thing? Understanding how adolescents think and feel about sharenting on social network sites. Children and Youth Services Review, 104, 104401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.104401 Wagner, A., & Gasche, L. A. (2018). Sharenting: Making decisions about other’s privacy on social networking sites. MKWI 2018 - Multikonferenz Wirtschaftsinformatik. World Health Organization (WHO). (2016). INSPIRE seven strategies for ending violence against children. World Health Organization. Wyatt Kaminski, J., Valle, L. A., Filene, J. H., & Boyle, C. L. (2008). A Meta-analytic Review of Components Associated with Parent Training Program Effectiveness. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 36(4), 567–589. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-007-9201-9 Zeeuw, A. De, Media, M. A. N., & Culture, D. (2018). Exposing Childhoods Online (Issue June).

The process of the school inclusion disabilities students’ cannot be broadly understood when the family is disregarded. The objective of this study was to characterize the needs of relatives of students who presented some kind of disability, in the schooling process of the regular education system in the city of Dourados/MS, and reflect upon rapprochement possibilities of school and family, based on such characterization. Survey research was developed through interviews, applied individually to 59 families of students with disabilities enrolled in four municipal schools. The most evident need expressed by family members was of receiving information. Few relatives affirmed they were able to rely on the contribution of other, non-relative caretakers and revealed high concern related to the future of the child with disabilities, as well as to their health. Frustration and anxiety (and also marital problems) were also revealed when the child with disabilities is not able to perform everyday tasks. On the other hand, the study revealed that family members have potential, such as making use of adaptation strategies, acceptance and positive perceptions regarding the disability. Most of the families have shown that they are satisfied with the school professionals and have expressed a desire to contribute to the better development of their children. With the presented profile, it is possible for school professionals to plan actions aimed at addressing such needs to some extent, as well as to enhance the present strengths, walking towards the empowerment of these families.ResumoO processo de inclusão escolar do aluno com deficiência não pode ser compreendido de forma ampla quando o âmbito familiar é desconsiderado. O objetivo geral do trabalho consistiu em caracterizar as necessidades de familiares de alunos que apresentavam algum tipo de deficiência, em processo de escolarização na rede regular de ensino de Dourados/MS, e refletir sobre possibilidades de aproximação entre escola e família, com base em tal caracterização. Foi desenvolvida pesquisa de levantamento por meio da realização de entrevistas, aplicadas individualmente junto a 59 familiares de alunos com deficiência matriculados em quatro escolas municipais. A necessidade mais evidente manifestada pelos familiares foi a de receber informações. Além disso, poucos familiares relataram poder contar com a colaboração de outros cuidadores fora da família e manifestaram elevado índice de preocupação relacionado ao futuro do filho com deficiência, assim como à saúde do mesmo. Também foi manifestada frustração e ansiedade quando o filho com deficiência não consegue desempenhar as tarefas do cotidiano, assim como problemas conjugais. Por outro lado, o estudo revelou que os familiares apresentam potencialidades, tais como fazer uso de estratégias de adaptação, aceitação e percepções positivas em relação à deficiência. Em sua maioria as famílias demonstraram satisfação com os profissionais da escola e manifestaram o desejo de contribuir para o melhor desenvolvimento de seus filhos. Diante do perfil apresentado, é possível para os profissionais da escola planejar ações que visem suprir tais necessidades, assim como potencializar os pontos fortes já apresentados, caminhando na direção do empoderamento dessas famílias.ResumenEl proceso de inclusión escolar del estudiante con discapacidad no puede ser comprendido de forma amplia cuando el ámbito familiar es desconsiderado. El objetivo general del trabajo consistió en caracterizar las necesidades de los familiares de los estudiantes que presentaban algún tipo de discapacidad, en el proceso de escolarización en la red regular de enseñanza de Dourados/MS, así como reflexionar sobre las posibilidades de acercamiento entre la escuela y la familia. Se desarrolló una investigación de la encuesta por medio de la realización de entrevistas, aplicadas individualmente junto a 59 familiares de alumnos con discapacidad matriculados en cuatro escuelas municipales. Con relación a las necesidades, la más evidente manifestada por los familiares fue la de recibir información. Además, pocos familiares relataron poder contar con la colaboración de otros cuidadores fuera de la familia y manifestaron un alto índice de preocupación relacionado al futuro de su hijo con discapacidad, al igual que la salud del mismo. También se manifestó frustración y ansiedad cuando su hijo con discapacidad no logra desempeñar las tareas de lo cotidiano, así como problemas conyugales. Por otro lado, el estudio reveló que los familiares presentan potencialidades, tales como hacer uso de estrategias de adaptación, aceptación y percepciones positivas en relación a la discapacidad. En su mayoría las familias demostraron su satisfacción con los profesionales de la escuela y manifestaron el deseo de contribuir aún mejor desarrollo de sus hijos. Ante el perfil presentado, es posible para los profesionales de la escuela planificar acciones que apunten a suplir tales necesidades, así como potenciar los puntos fuertes ya presentados, caminando hacia el empoderamiento de esas familias.Palabras clave: Familia, Relación escuela-familia, Inclusión escolar.Palavras-chave: Família, Relação escola-família, Inclusão educacional.Keywords: Family, Family school relationship, Educational inclusion.ReferencesAIELLO, A. R. Família inclusiva. In: PALHARES, M. S.; MARTINS, S. C. T. (Orgs). Escola inclusiva. 1ª edição. São Carlos: EdUFSCar, 2002, 286 p.ARAÚJO, R. M. Empoderando pais para a luta pelos direitos de seus filhos com deficiência: pesquisa ação emancipatória. 2011. 187 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Educação Especial). Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, 2011.BARBOSA, A. J. G.; DESSEN, M. A.; SILVA, N. L. P. Ajustamento conjugal. Comparação entre casais com e sem filhos com deficiência intelectual. Revista Psico-USF, Bragança Paulista, v. 20, n. 2, p. 297-308, 2015. Disponível em: <www.scielo.br http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-82712015200210>. Acesso em 10 de agosto de 2016.BOGO, M. L. F.; CAGNINI, Z. V. S.; RADUENZ, M. Momento do diagnóstico de deficiência: sentimentos e modificação na vida dos pais. 2014. Disponível em <https://psicologado.com/psicologia-geral/desenvolvimento-humano/momento-do-diagnostico-de-deficiencia-sentimentos-e-modificacoes-na-vida-dos-pais> Acesso em 20 de dezembro de 2015.BRASIL. Lei nº 9.394, de 20 de dezembro 1996. Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional. Disponível em: <http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/L9394.htm>. Acesso 20 de maio de 2015.BRASIL. Lei nº 12.435, de 6 de Julho de 2011. Altera a Lei nº 8742, de dezembro de 1993 que dispõe sobre a organização da Assistência Social. Disponível em: <http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2011-2014/2011/lei/l12435.htm>. Acesso em 12 de agosto de 2016.BRASIL. Lei nº. 13.146, de 06 de julho de 2015. Lei Brasileira de Inclusão da Pessoa com Deficiência. Disponível em: <http://www.sdh.gov.br/sobre/acesso-a-informacao/licitacoes-e-contratos/termos-de-cooperacao/cooperacao internacional/editais-2015/2o-semestre/projeto-oei-bra-08-001-edital-no-63-2015>. Acesso em: 10/07/2015.BRONFENBRENNER, U. A ecologia do desenvolvimento humano: experimentos naturais e planejados. Trad. Maria Adriana Veríssimo Veronese. 1ª edição. Porto Alegre: Artes Médicas, 1996, 267 p.BRONFENBRENNER, U. Bioecologia do desenvolvimento humano: tornando os seres humanos mais humanos. Trad. André de Carvalho-Barreto. 1ª edição. Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2011.BRUNHARA, F.; PETEAN, E. B. L. Mães e filhos especiais: reações, sentimentos e explicações à deficiência da criança. Revista Paidéia, 1999. Disponível em http://www.scielo.br/pdf/paideia/v9n16/04.pdf Acesso em 30 de setembro de 2016BURD, M. Novas configurações familiares: desafios e soluções para terapia familiar com pacientes crônicos. Rio de Janeiro: Wak Editora, 2015.CASTRO, M.; REGATTIERI, M. Interação família-escola: subsídios para práticas escolares. Brasília: UNESCO, MEC, 2009.CIA, F.;CHRISTOVAM, A. C. C. Comportamentos de pais e professores para promoção da relação família e escola de pré-escolares incluídos. Revista Educação Especial, v. 29, n. 54 p. 133-146, jan. /abr. 2016. Santa Maria. Disponível em: <http://www.ufsm.br/revistaeducacaoespecial>. Acesso em 10 de julho de 2016.COZBY, P. C. Métodos de pesquisa em ciências do comportamento. Tradução Paula Inez Cunha Ganade, Emma Otta; revisão técnica José de Oliveira Siqueira. São Paulo: Atlas, 2003.GUALDA, D. S.; BORGES, L.; CIA, F. Famílias de crianças com necessidades educacionais especiais: recursos e necessidades de apoio. 2013. Disponível em: <http://cascavel.ufsm.br/revistas/ojs2.2.2/index.php/educacaoespecial/article/view/5379>. Acesso em: 20 de agosto de 2015.GUALDA, D. S.; BORGES, L.; CIA, F. Relação Família e Escola e Educação Especial: Opinião de Professores. Revista Educação: Teoria e Prática. Jan.-abr. 2015, Vol. 25 Issue 48, p168-185. 18p.HANSEL, A. F.; BOLSANELLO, M. A. O Envolvimento Parental nos Programas de Estimulação Precoce. In: SHIZUKO, D. F. et al. (Org.) Família e educação especial. Londrina: ABPEE, 2009. 136 p. (Série Estudos Multidisciplinares de Educação Especial, n. 7).MARCONDES, K. H. B.; SIGOLO, S. R. R. L. Comunicação e Envolvimento: Possibilidades de Interconexões entre Família-escola. 2012. Disponível em: <http://www.scielo.br/pdf/paideia/v22n51/11.pdf>. Acesso em: 10 de maio de 2015.MARTINS, M. F. A. Efeitos de um programa de atenção diversificado às mães de alunos severamente prejudicados. 2006. 165f. Tese (Doutorado em Educação Especial). Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, 2006.MATURANA, A. P. P. M.; CIA, F. Educação especial e a relação família-escola: análise da produção científica de teses e dissertações. Revista Quadrimestral da Associação Brasileira de Psicologia Escolar e Educacional, São Paulo, v. 19, n. 2, p. 349-358, mai./ago. de 2015.MENDONÇA, C. Desafio da Inclusão Escolar e a Importância da Parceria entre a Escola e a Família: um Estudo de Caso. 2014. Disponível em: <http://repositorio.uniceub.br/bitstream/235/6170/1/20905140.pdf>. Acesso em 03 de junho de 2015.MILLER, N. B. Ninguém é perfeito. Tradução Lúcia Helena Reily. - Campinas, SP: Papirus, 1995. - (Coleção educação especial).OLIVEIRA, I. G. de; POLETTO, M. Vivências emocionais de mães e pais de filhos com deficiência. SPAGESP - Sociedade de Psicoterapias Analíticas Grupais do Estado de São Paulo, Revista da SPAGESP, 16(2), 102-119, 2015.PANIAGUA, G. As famílias de crianças com necessidades educativas especiais. In: COLL, C.; MARCHESI, A.; PALACIOS, J. e col, tradução de Fátima Murad, Desenvolvimento psicológico e educação: transtornos de desenvolvimento e necessidades educativas especiais, volume 3, 2ª edição, Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2004.POLONIA, A. C.; DESSEN, M. A. Família e a escola como contextos de desenvolvimento humano. 2007. Disponível em <http://www.scielo.br/pdf/paideia/v17n36/v17n36a03.pdf>. Acesso em 10 de novembro de 2016SÁ, S. M. P.; RABINOVICH, E. P. Compreendendo a família da criança com deficiência física. Revista Brasileira de Crescimento e Desenvolvimento Humano, 16(1): 68-84, 2006.SILVA, A. M. Buscando componentes da parceria colaborativa na escola entre família de crianças com deficiência e profissionais. 2007. 122 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Educação Especial). Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, 2007.SILVA, A. M. Conhecendo as necessidades de familiares de alunos de educação infantil especial. Monografia de Graduação em Psicologia. São Carlos: Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCar, 2004.SILVA, A. M.; CABRAL, L. S. A.; MARTINS, M, de F. A. Abordagem relacional entre família e escola inclusiva sob as perspectivas de professores. Revista Interfaces da Educ., Paranaíba, v.7, n.19, p.191-205, 2016.SZYMANZKI, H. A relação família/escola: desafios e perspectivas. 1ª ed. Brasília: Plano Editora, 2003, 96 p.TAANILA, A.; SYRJALA, L.; KOKKONEM, J. JARVELIN, R. Coping of parents with physically and/or intellectually disabled children. Child: Care, Health & Developmental, 28 (1), 2002, 73-86.TAVARES. C. M. M.; NOGUEIRA. Relação Família-Escola: possibilidades e desafios para a construção de uma parceria. Revista Formação Docente, v. 5, n. 1, 2013.TURNBULL, H. R.; GUESS, D.; TURNBULL, A. P. Vox populiand baby doe. Mental Retardation, v. 26, p.127 - 132, 1988.

In the current study, methanolic and selective extracts from different parts of Gymnocarpos decander were screened for total phenolic, flavonoid, flavonol and condensed tannin contents. The antioxidant activity of extracts was also determined. The highest values of total contents of phenolics (156.097 ± 2.312 mg GAE/g DM), flavonoids (14.878 ± 0.275 mg CE/g DM), condensed tannins (39.388 ± 1.599 mg CE/g DM) and flavonols (6.506 ± 1.021 mg QE/g DM) were found in flowers. The most powerful antioxidant was found in the methanolic extract of flowers (32.27 ± 2.400 mg AAE/g DM). Tannins extracted from flowers showed an interesting antioxidant activity to trap the 1,1-Diphenyl- 2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical (0.063 ± 0.000 mg/mL) and to reduce iron absorption (0.083 ± 0.004 mg/mL). The highest activity in the β-carotene test was found in the butanolic fraction of flowers (0.314 ± 0.008 mg/mL). A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis allowed the detection of quercetin, -coumaric acid and naringenin in the ethyl acetate and butanolic fractions of flowers, and also vanillic acid in the ethyl acetate fraction of flowers. REFERENCES: Abu Zarin, M.H., Isha A., & Armania,N. (2016). Antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxicpotential of condensed tannins from Leucaena leucocephala hybrid-Rendang. Foodscience and humain wellness, 5, 65–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fshw.2016.02.001Ahmed, S., Hasan, M.M., & Mahmood, Z.A. (2016). Antiurolithiatic plants in differentcountries and cultures. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 5,102–115.https://www.phytojournal.com/archives/2016/vol5issue1/PartB/4-4-45.pdf.Ashraful, A., Subhan, N., Mahbubur, R, Reza, H., & Sarker, S. (2014). Effect of CitrusFlavonoids, Naringin and Naringenin, on Metabolic Syndrome and Their Mechanismsof Action. Advanced Nutrients, 5, 404–417. doi: 10.3945/an.113.005603.Baba Aïssa, F. (1999). Encyclopédie des plantes utiles. Ed : Librairie Moderne Rouïba.Alger, pp 368.Bate-Smith, E. (1962). The phenolic constituents of plants and their taxonomic significance.Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 58: 95–173. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1962.tb00890.xBechlem, H., Mencherini, T., Bouheroum, M., Benayache, S, Cotugno, R., Braca, A., & DeTommasi, N. (2017). New Constituents from Gymnocarpos decander .Planta Medica,83,1200–1206. DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-111599 Beddou, F., Bekhechi, C., Ksouri, R., Chabane Sari, D., & Atik Bekkara, F. (2014). Potentialassessment of Rumex vesicarius L. as a source of natural antioxidants and bioactivecompounds. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 52, 3549–3560.doi: 10.1007/s13197-014-1420-9Bekkara, F., Jay, M., Viricel, M.R., & Rome, S. (1998). Distribution of phenolic compoundswithin seed and seedlings of two Vicia faba cvs differing in their seed tannin content,and study of their seed and root phenolic exudations. Plant Soil, 203, 27–36.https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004365913726Belyagoubi‑Benhammou, N., Belyagoubi, L., El Zerey‑Belaskri, A., Zitouni, A.,Ghembaza, N., Benhassaini, H., & Atik‑Bekkara, F., Piras, A., Falconieri, D., Rosa,A. (2018). Fatty acid composition and antioxidant activity of Pistacia lentiscus L. fruitfatty oil from Algeria. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterisation, 12 ,1408–1412. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-018-9755-yBenhammou, N., Atik-Bekkara, F., & Kadifkova-Panovska, T. (2009). Antioxidant activityof methanolic extracts and some bioactive compounds of Atriplex halimus. ComptesRendus Chimie, 12, 1259–1266. Doi : 10.1016/j.crci.2009.02.004Bouaziz, M., Dhouib, A., Loukil, S., Boukhris, M., & Sayadi, S. (2009). Polyphenols content,antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of extracts of some wild plants collected fromthe south of Tunisia. African Journal of Biotechnology, 8, 7017–7027.doi:10.4314/ajb.v8i24.68789Bouchelta, A., Boughdad, A., & Blenzar, A. (2005). Effets biocides des alcaloïdes, dessaponines et des flavonoïdes extraits de Capsicum frutescens L. (Solanaceae) surBemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera :Aleyrodidae). Biotechnologie, AgronomieSociété et Environnnement, 9, 259–269. https://popups.uliege.be/1780-4507/text/v9n4/259.pdfGhembaza, N., Belyagoubi-Benhammou, N., Zitouni, A., Toul, F., Michalet, S., & AtikBekkara, F. (2021). Rapid identification analysis of chemical constituents of Sedumvillosum L. (Orpin.) by UHPLC-DAD-HRSM. Journal of Natural Products Researchand Applications, 1, 15–23.https://ojs.univ-tlemcen.dz/index.php/JNPRA/article/view/967/852Hasbal, G., Yilmaz-Ozden, T., & Can, A. (2014). Antioxidant and antiacetylcholinesteraseactivities of Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz (wild service tree) fruits. Journal of food anddrug analysis, 23, 57–62. doi: 10.1016/j.jfda.2014.06.006.Hertog, M.G., Hollman, P.C.H., & Venema, D.P. (1992). Optimization of a quantitativeHPLC determination of potentially anticarcinogenic flavonoids in vegetables and fruits.Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 40, 1591–1598.https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00021a023Javidnia, K., Miri, R., Jamalian A., Sarkarzadeh, H., & Nasiri, A. (2008). Composition ofEssential Oil of Gymnocarpos decander Forrssk. from Iran. Journal of Essential OilResearch, 20, 477–478. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9700062 Julkunen-Titto, R. (1985). Phenolic constituents in the leaves of northern Willows methodsfor the analysis of certain phenolics. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 33,213–217. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00062a013Kaiser, J., Yassin, M., Prakash, S., Safi, N., Agami, M., Lauw, S., Ostrozhenkova ,E., Bacher,A., Rohdich, F., Eisenreich, W., Safi, J., & Galan-Goldhirsh, A.(2007). Anti-malarialdrug targets: screening for inhibitors of 2C-methyl-D-erythritol 4- phosphate synthase(IspC protein) in Mediterranean plants. Phytomedicine, 14, 242–249. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2006.12.018.Khan, N., Akhtar, M.S., Khan, B.A., Braga, V., & Reich, A . (2015). Antiobesity,hypolipidemic, antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of Achyranthes aspera seedsaponins in high cholesterol fed albino rats. Archives of medicale science, 11, 1261–1271. doi: 10.5114/aoms.2015.56353Kumaran, A., & Karunakaran, R.J. (2007). In vitro antioxidant activities of methanol extractsof five Phyllanthus species from India. LWT Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft & Technologie,40, 344–352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2005.09.011Kumaran, S.P., Kutty, B.C., Chatterji, A., Subrayan, P.P., & Mishra, K.P. (2007).Radioprotection against DNA damage by an extract of Indian green mussel. Pernaviridis (L). Journal of environmental pathology, toxicology and oncology, 26, 263–272.doi: 10.1615/jenvironpatholtoxicoloncol.v26.i4.30.Mabry, T. (1980). Betalains. In: Bell E, Charwood B, eds. Encyclopedia of plant physiology,secondary plant products. Berlin, Germany: Springer Verlag, pp 513–533.Maiza, K., Hammiche, V., & Maiza-benabdesselam, F. (2011). Traditional medicine in northSahara: the “Deffi”. Life Sciences Leaflets, 16, 551–560.Manyou, Y., Gouvinhas, I., Rocha, J. , Ana I. R. N., & Barros, A. (2021). Phytochemicaland antioxidant analysis of medicinal and food plants towards bioactive food andpharmaceutical resources. Scientific reports, 11, 10041. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-89437-4Moure, A., Franco, D., Sineiro, J., Dominguez, H., Nunez, M.J., & Lem, J.M. (2000).Evaluation of extracts from Gevuina avellana hulls as antioxidants. Journal ofAgricultural and Food Chemistry, 48, 3890–3897. doi: 10.1021/jf000048w.Oyaizu, M. (1986). Studies on products of browning reaction prepared from glucose amine.Japan Journal of Nutrition, 44, 307–315.http://dx.doi.org/10.5264/eiyogakuzashi.44.307Prieto, P., Pineda, M., & Aguilar, M. (1999). Spectrophotometric quantitation of antioxidantcapacity through the formation of a phosphomolybdenum complex: specific applicationto the determination of vitamin E. Analytical Biochemistry, 269, 337–341. doi:10.1006/abio.1999.4019.Razali, N., Razab, R., Mat Junit, S., & Abdul Aziz, A. (2008). Radical scavenging andreducing properties of extracts of cashew shoots (Anacardium occidentale). FoodChemistry, 111, 38–44. DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.03.024 Sadeghi, Z., Valizadeh, J., Shermeh, O., & Akaberi, M. (2015). Antioxidant activity and totalphenolic content of Boerhavia elegans(choisy) grown in Baluchestan, Iran. Americanjournal of psychiatry, 5, 1–9.Sanchez-Moreno, C., Larrauri, J.A., & Saura-Calixto, F. (1998). A procedure to measure theantiradical efficiency of polyphenols. Journal of the Science of food and Agriculture,76, 270–276.https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0010(199802)76:2<270::AID-JSFA945>3.0.CO;2-9Shaik, Y.B., Castellani, M.L., Perrella, A., Conti, F., Salini, V., Tete, S., Madhappan,B., Vecchiet, J., De Lutiis, M.A., Caraffa, A., & Cerulli, G. (2006). Role of quercetin(a natural herbal compound) in allergy and inflammation. Journal of BiologicalRegulators and Homeostatic Agents. 20, 47–52.Singleton, V.L., & Rossi, J.A. (1965). Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdicphosphotungstic acid reagents. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 16,144–158.Sikder, K., Das, N., Kesh, SB., & Dey, S. (2014). Quercetin and B-sitosterol prevents highfat diet induced dyslipidemia and hepatotoxicity in swiss albino mice. Indian Journal ofExperimental Biology, 52, 60–66.Subburaman, S., Ganesan K., & Ramachandran M. (2014). Protective role of naringeninagainst doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in a rat model: histopathology and mRNAexpression profile studies. Journal of Environnemental Patholology, Toxicology andOncology, 33, 363–376. doi: 10.1615/jenvironpatholtoxicoloncol.2014010625.Tanaka, Y., Sasaki, N., & Ohmiya, A. (2008). Biosynthesis of plant pigments: anthocyanins,betalains and carotenoids. The Plant Journal, 54, 733–749. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2008.03447.x.Tarhouni, M., Ben Salem, F., Ouled Belgacem, A., & Neffati, M. (2010). Acceptability ofplant species along grazing gradients around watering points in Tunisian arid zone.Flora, 205, 454-461. DOI:10.1016/j.flora.2009.12.020Toul, F., Belyagoubi-Benhammou, N., Zitouni, A., & Atik-Bekkara, F. (2016). Antioxidant https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2016.1217205 Zhang, S.Y., Zheng, C.G., Yan, X.Y., & Tian, W.X. (2008). Low concentration of condensedtannins from catechu significantly inhibits fatty acid synthase and growth of MCF-7cells. Biochemical Biophysical Research Communications, 371, 654–658. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.04.062Zhishen, J., Mengcheng, T., & Jianming, W. (1999). The determination of flavonoid contentsin mulberry and their scavenging effects on superoxide radicals. Food Chemistry, 64,555–559. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(98)00102-2

In this study, cobalt-zinc ferrite (Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4) was obtained by the glycine-nitrate method followed by annealing in a high-temperature furnace at a temperature of 1300 °С. The qualitative composition and its microstructural characteristics were determined using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and scanning electron microscopy.The analysis of the micrographs demonstrated that the cobalt-zinc ferrite micropowder obtained after thermal annealing has an average particle size of 1.7±1 μm. The analysis of XRD data showed that the annealed cobalt-zinc ferrite micropowder has a cubic crystal structure with a lattice parameter of a = 8.415 Å. Using the Scherrer and Williamson-Hall equations we calculated the average sizes of the coherent scattering regions, which were commensurate with the size of crystallites: according to the Scherrer equation D = 28.26 nm and according to the Williamson-Hall equation D = 33.59 nm and the microstress value e = 5.62×10–4 in the ferrite structure.Using a vector network analyser, the electromagnetic properties of a composite material based on synthesized cobalt-zinc ferrite were determined. The frequency dependences of the magnetic and dielectric permeability values from the measured S-parameters of the composite material (50% ferrite filler by weight and 50% paraffin) were determined using the Nicolson-Ross-Weir method and were in the range of 0.015–7 GHz. The analysis of the graphs of the dependence of the magnetic permeability on the frequency of electromagnetic radiation revealed a resonance frequency of fr ≈ 2.3 GHz. The discoveredmagnetic resonance in the UHF range allows the obtained material to be considered as being promising for use as an effective absorber of electromagnetic radiation in the range of 2–2.5 GHz. References 1. Thakur P., Chahar D., Taneja S., Bhalla N. andThakur A. A review on MnZn ferrites: Synthesis,characterization and applications. CeramicsInternational. 2020;46(10): 15740–15763. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.03.2872. Pullar R. C. Hexagonal ferrites: A review of thesynthesis, properties and applications of hexaferriteceramics. Progress in Materials Science. 2012;57(7):1191–1334. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2012.04.0013. Kharisov B. I., Dias H. V. R., Kharissova O. V.Mini-review: Ferrite nanoparticles in the catalysis.Arabian Journal of Chemistry. 2019;12(7): 1234–1246.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.10.0494. Stergiou C. Microstructure and electromagneticproperties of Ni-Zn-Co ferrite up to 20 GHz. Advancesin Materials Science and Engineering. 2016;2016: 1–7.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/19347835. Economos G. Magnetic ceramics: I, Generalmethods of magnetic ferrite preparation. Journal of theAmerican Ceramic Society. 1955;38(7): 241–244. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1955.tb14938.x6. Yurkov G. Y., Shashkeev K. A., Kondrashov S. V.,Popkov O. V., Shcherbakova G. I., Zhigalov D. V.,Pankratov D. A., Ovchenkov E. A., Koksharov Y. A.Synthesis and magnetic properties of cobalt ferritenanoparticles in polycarbosilane ceramic matrix.Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2016;686: 421–430.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.06.0257. Karakaş Z. K., Boncukçuoğlu R., Karakaş İ. H.The effects of fuel type in synthesis of NiFe2O4nanoparticles by microwave assisted combustionmethod. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 2016;707: 012046. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/707/1/0120468. Shirsath S. E., Jadhav S. S., Mane M. L., Li S.Handbook of sol-gel science and technology. Springer,Cham.; 2016. p. 1–41. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19454-7_125-19. Vyzulin S. A., Kalikintseva D. A., MiroshnichenkoE. L., Buz’ko V. Y., Goryachko A. I. Microwaveabsorption properties of nickel–zinc ferritessynthesized by different means. Bulletin of the RussianAcademy of Sciences: Physics. 2018;82(8): 943–945.DOI: https://doi.org/10.3103/s106287381808043910. Janasi S. R., Emura M., Landgraf F. J. G.,Rodrigues D. The effects of synthesis variables on themagnetic properties of coprecipitated barium ferritepowders. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials.2002;238(2-3): 168–172. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-8853(01)00857-511. Ahmed Y. M. Z. Synthesis of manganese ferritefrom non-standard raw materials using ceramictechnique. Ceramics International. 2010;36(3): 969–977. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2009.11.02012. Mahadule R. K., Arjunwadkar P. R., MahaboleM. P. Synthesis and characterization ofCaxSryBa1–x–yFe12–zLazO19 by standard ceramic method.International Journal of Metals. 2013;2013: 1–7. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/19897013. Tarța V. F., Chicinaş I., Marinca T. F.,Neamţu B. V., Popa F., Prica C. V. Synthesis of thenanocrystalline/nnosized NiFe2O4 powder by ceramicmethod and mechanical milling. Solid State Phenomena.2012;188: 27–30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.188.2714. Pradhan A. K., Saha S., Nath T. K. AC and DCelectrical conductivity, dielectric and magneticproperties of Co0.65Zn0.35Fe2−xMoxO4 (x = 0.0, 0.1 and 0.2)ferrites. Applied Physics A. 2017;123(11): 715. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-017-1329-z15. Low Z. H., Ismail I., Tan K. S. Sinteringprocessing of complex magnetic ceramic oxides: Acomparison between sintering of bottom-up approachsynthesis and mechanochemical process of top-downapproach synthesis. Sintering Technology - Method andApplication. Malin Liu (ed.). 2018: 25–43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.7865416. Costa A. C. F. M., Morelli M. R., KiminamiR. H. G. A. Combustion synthesis: Effect of urea onthe reaction and characteristics of Ni–Zn ferritepowders. Journal of Materials Synthesis and Processing.2001; 9(6): 347–352. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:101635662340117. Maleknejad Z., Gheisari K., Raouf A. H.Structure, microstructure, magnetic, electromagnetic,and dielectric properties of nanostructured Mn–Znferrite synthesized by microwave-induced urea–nitrate process. Journal of Superconductivity and NovelMagnetism. 2016;29(10): 2523–2534. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10948-016-3572-518. Jalaiah K., Chandra Mouli K., Vijaya Babu K.,Krishnaiah R.V. The structural, DC resistivity andmagnetic properties of Mg and Zr Co-substitutedNi0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4. Journal of Science: Advanced Materialsand Devices. 2018;4(2): 310–318 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsamd.2018.12.00419. Yue Z., Zhou J., Li L., Zhang H., Gui Z. Synthesisof nanocrystalline NiCuZn ferrite powders by sol–gelauto-combustion method. Journal of Magnetism andMagnetic Materials. 2000;208(1-2): 55–60. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-8853(99)00566-120. Chick L. A., Pederson L. R., Maupin G. D.,Bates J. L., Thomas L. E., Exarhos G. J. Glycine-nitratecombustion synthesis of oxide ceramic powders.Materials Letters. 1990;10(1-2): 6–12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-577x(90)90003-521. Salunkhe A. B., Khot V. M., Phadatare M. R.,Pawar S. H. Combustion synthesis of cobalt ferritenanoparticles—Influence of fuel to oxidizer ratio.Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2012;514: 91–96.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2011.10.09422. Martinson K. D., Cherepkova I. A., Sokolov V. V.Formation of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles via glycine-nitrate combustion and their magnetic properties.Glass Physics and Chemistry. 2018;44(1): 21–25.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/s108765961801009123. Kuzmin V. A., Zagrai I. A. A comprehensivestudy of combustion products generated from pulverizedpeat combustion in the furnace of BKZ-210-140Fsteam boiler. Journal of Physics: Conference Series.2017;891: 012226. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/891/1/01222624. Maleki A., Hosseini N., Taherizadeh A. Synthesisand characterization of cobalt ferrite nanoparticlesprepared by the glycine-nitrate process. Ceramics International.2018;44(7): 8576–8581. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.02.06325. Waje S. B., Hashim M., Wan Yusoff W. D., AbbasZ. Sintering temperature dependence of roomtemperature magnetic and dielectric properties ofCo0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 prepared using mechanically alloyednanoparticles. Journal of Magnetism and MagneticMaterials. 2010;322(6): 686–691. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2009.10.04126. Nicolson A. M., Ross G. F. Measurement of theintrinsic properties of materials by time-domain techniques.IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation andMeasurement. 1970;19(4): 377–382. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.1970.431393227. Rothwell E. J., Frasch J. L., Ellison S. M., ChahalP., Ouedraogo R.O. Analysis of the Nicolson-Ross-Weir method for characterizing the electromagneticproperties of engineered materials. ProgressIn Electromagnetics Research. 2016;157: 31–47. DOI:https://doi.org/10.2528/pier1607170628. Vicente A. N., Dip G. M., Junqueira C. The stepby step development of NRW method. ProceedingsArticle in: 2011 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Microwaveand Optoelectronics Conference (IMOC 2011).29 Oct. –1 Nov. 2011. 738–742. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/imoc.2011.616931829. Ivanin S. N., Buz’ko V. Yu., Goryachko A. I.,Panyushkin V. T. Electromagnetic characteristics ofheteroligand complexes of gadolinium stearate. RussianJournal of Physical Chemistry A. 2020;94(8):1623–1627. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S003602442008013030. Liu Y.-W., Zhang J., Gu L.-S., Wang L.-X.,Zhang Q.-T. Preparation and electromagnetic propertiesof nanosized Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 ferrite. Rare Metals. 2016.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-015-0670-7

A salinidade é um problema sério para a agricultura, pois limita o crescimento e o desenvolvimento das plantas sensíveis. A tolerância das culturas à salinidade é influenciada por diversos fatores, incluindo estágio de crescimento, condições ambientais, espécies e cultivares de uma mesma espécie. Foram testados três salinidades da água no preparo da solução nutritiva (0,5; 3,0 e 6,0 dS m-1) em três cultivares de alface (Babá de verão, Verônica e Quatro estações) em sistema hidropônico sob condições protegidas com a finalidade de avaliar a tolerância das cultivares à salinidade. Não foram observados diferenças entre as cultivares estudadas quanto à salinidade da água de irrigação. O aumento da salinidade da água de irrigação provocou redução do número de folhas e da matéria seca da parte aérea. UNITERMOS: Lactuca sativa L., solução nutritiva, condutividade elétrica. SANTOS, R. S.; DANTAS, D. C.; NOGUEIRA, F. P.; DIAS, N. S.; FERREIRA NETO, M.; GURGEL. M. T. BRACKISH WATER USE ON HYDROPONIC LETTUCE 2 ABSTRACT Salinity is a serious problem for agriculture because it can limit the growth and development of salt-sensitive plants. Salt tolerance is affected by several factors, including the growth stage, environmental conditions, species and cultivar variation for each species. In order to compare salt tolerance, three water salinity levels were used to prepare nutrient solutions (0.5; 3.0 and 6.0 dS m-1) and were applied on three different lettuce cultivars in a hydroponic system under greenhouse (cvs. Babá de verão, Verônica and Quatro estações). Differences in salt tolerance of the nutrient solutions were not observed for the studied cultivars. The salinity increase in the nutrient solutions reduced the leaf number and dry matter biomass. KEYWORDS: Lactuca sativa L., soil solution, electric conductivity.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effects of linseed oil on lipid peroxidation, antioxidative capacity, as well as serum glucose, total cholesterol (TC), LDL-C and TG levels, in cafeteria-diet-fed dams during gestation and lactation, and in their offspring throughout adulthood. Food and energy intakes were also evaluated. The cafeteria diet led to higher energy intake, body weight, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia (higher TC, LDL-C and TG) in dams’ rats and their pups. Plasma vitamin C, Erythrocyte GSH levels and catalase activity were lower, whereas plasma diene conjugates (DC), Malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl levels (PC) in plasma and erythrocytes were higher in cafeteria-diet-fed mothers and their pups compared to controls. Supplement of linseed oil significantly enhanced plasma antioxidant defense capacities, as evaluated by the marked increase in the levels of plasma vitamin C and erythrocyte GSH as well as the activities of CAT and the significant reduction in lipid peroxidation (lower DC and MDA) and PC in CAFL-diet-fed mothers and their offspring. Simultaneous intake of linseed oil also reduced body weight, plasma TG, TC and LDL-C contents in obese pregnant and lactating dams and their pups at day 30 and day 90. The flaxseed oil supplementation may prevent lipid peroxidation and metabolic disorders which might be helpful in preventing obesity complications in mothers during pregnancy and lactation and in their offspring. REFERENCES:Adeoye, O., Olawumi, J., Opeyemi, A., & Christiania, O. (2016). Review on the role ofglutathione on oxidative stress and infertility. JBRA Assisted Reproduction, 22(1), 61-66.Aebi, H. (1974). Catalase. In Methods of Enzymatic Analysis, 2nd edn, vol. 2 (Bergmeyer, H.U., ed.), pp. 673–684, Verlag Chemie, WeinheimAmbrozova, G., Pekarova, M., & Lojek, A. (2010). Effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids onthe reactive oxygen and nitrogen species production by raw 264.7 macrophages.European Journal of Nutrition, 49,133–139.Ayad, A., Merzouk, H., Merzouk, S.A., & Narce, M. (2013). Blood Oxidant/AntioxidantStatus in overfed Aging Rats: Comparative Effects of Sunflower and Olive-LinseedMixture Oil Rich Diets. Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, 9, 765–768Benkalfat, N.B, Merzouk, H., Bouanane, S., Merzouk, S.A., Bellenger, J., Gresti, J., Tessie,C., & Narce, M. (2011). Altered adipose tissue metabolism in offspring of dietary obeserat dams. Clinical Science, 121, 19–28.Bouanane, S., Benkalfat, N.B., Baba Ahmed, F.Z., Merzouk, H., Soulimane Mokhtari, N.,Merzouk, S., Gresti, J., Tessier, C., & Narce M. (2009). Time course of changes in serum oxidant/antioxidant status in overfed obese rats and their offspring. ClinicalScience, 116, 669–680.Bradlee, M.L, Singer, M.R, Qureshi, M.M, & Moore, L.L. (2010). Food group intake andcentral obesity among children and adolescents in the Third National Health andNutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). Public Health Nutrition, 22, 1–9.Cetin, I., Alvino, G., & Cardellicchio, M. (2009). Long chain fatty acids and dietary fats infetal nutrition. Journal of Physiology, 14, 3441–3451.Catalano, PM., & Shankar, K. (2017). Obesity and pregnancy: Mechanisms of short term andlong term adverse consequences of mother and child. British Medical Journal, 8, 356.D’Archivio, M., Annuzzi, G., Varì, R., Filesi, C., Giacco, R., Scazzocchio, B., Santangelo, C.,Giovannini, C., Rivellese, A.A., & Masella, R. (2012). Predominant role ofobesity/insulin resistance in oxidative stress development. European Journal ofClinical Investigation, 42, 70–78.Denisenko, Y.K., & Novgorodtseva, T.P. (2013). Effect of Prolonged High-Fat Diet onThiol-Disulfide Homeostasis in Rats. International Journal of BioMedicine, 3, 197–200.Duttaroy, A.K. (2009). Transport of fatty acids across the human placenta. Progress in LipidResearch, 48, 52–61.Falcone, V., Stopp, T., Feichtinger, M ., Kiss,H., Eppel,W., Husslein,PW., Prager,G., & Göbl,CS. (2018). Pregnancy after bariatric surgery: a narrative literature review anddiscussion of impact on pregnancy management and outcome. BMC PregnancyChildbirth, 18, 507.Fang, Y.Z., Yang, S., & Wu, G. (2002). Free radicals, antioxidants, and nutrition.Nutrition,18, 872– 879.Galtier-Dereure, F., Boegner, C., & Bringer J. (2000). Obesity and pregnancy: complicationsand cost. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 71, 1242–1248Goutzourelas, N., Orfanou, M., Charizanis, I., Leon, G., Spandidos, DA., Kouretas, D. (2018).GSH levels affect weight loss in individuals with metabolic syndrome and obesityfollowing dietary therapy. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 16(2), 635-642.Haggarty, P. (2002). Placental regulation of fatty acid delivery and its effect on fetal Growth- a review. Placenta, 23, 28–38.Havel, R.J, Eder, H.A., & Bragdon, J.H. (1955). The distribution and chemical compositionof ultra centrifugally separated lipoproteins in human serum. Journal of ClinicalInvestigation, 34, 1345–1353Khan, N.I, Naz, L., & Yasmeen, G. (2006). Obesity: an independent risk factor for systemicoxidative stress. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 19, 62–65Laissouf, A., Mokhtari-Soulimane, N., Merzouk, H., & Benhabib, N. (2013). Dietary flaxseedoil supplementation improves the oxidant/antioxidant status in obese aged rats.International Journal of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2, 87–94.Levine, R.L, Garland, D., Oliver, C.N., Amici, A., Climent, I., Lenz, A.G., Ahn, B.W.,Shaltiel, S., & Stadtman, E.R. (1990). Determination of carbonyl content in oxidativelymodified proteins. Methods in Enzymology, 186, 464–478Jones, M.L., Mark, P.J., Mori, T.A., & Keelan, J.A., Waddell, B.J. (2013). Maternal dietaryomega-3 fatty acid supplementation reduces placental oxidative stress and increasesfetal and placental growth in the rat. Biology of Reproduction, 88 (2):1–8.Meghelli-Bouchenak, M., Boquillon, M., & Belleville., J. (1989). Serum lipoproteincomposition and amounts during the consumption of two different low protein dietsfollowed by a balanced diet. Nutrition Reports International, 39, 323–34.Moll, U., Olsson, H., & Landin-Olsson, M. (2017). Impact of Pregestational Weight andWeight Gain during Pregnancy on Long-Term Risk for Diseases. PLOS One, 3, 12(1). Ohkawa, H., Ohishi, N., & Yagi, K. (1979). Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues bythiobarbituric acid reaction. Analytical Biochemistry, 95, 351–351.Oken, E., Ning, Y., Rifas-Shiman, S.L., Rich-Edwards, J.W., Olsen, S.F., & Gillman, M.W.(2007). Diet during pregnancy and risk of preeclampsia or gestational hypertension.Annals of Epidemiology, 17, 663-668.Rasmy, G.E. (2007). Protective effect of linseed oil on hyperlipidemia in experimentalanimals. Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 5, 9–17.Redgrave, T.G, Robert, D.C.K, & West, C.E. (1975). Separation of plasma lipoproteins bydensity-gradient ultracentrifugation. Analytical Biochemistry, 65, 42–49Rezaei, A., & Heidarian, E. (2013). Co-administration of trientine and flaxseed oil onoxidative stress, serum lipids and heart structure in diabetic rats. Indian Journal ofExperimental Biology, 51,646–652.Roe, J.H, & Kuether, C.A. (1943). The determination of ascorbic acid in whole blood andurine through the 2,4- dinitrophenylhydrazine derivatives of dehydroascorbic acid.Journal of Biological Chemistry,14, 399–407.Ross, S.R., Lexin, W., & Herbert, J. (2007). Erythrocyte Oxidative Damage in ChronicFatigue Syndrome. Archives of Medical Research, 38, 94–98.Savini, I., Catani, M.V., Evangelista, D., Gasperi, V., & Avigliano, L. (2013). ObesityAssociated Oxidative Stress: Strategies Finalized to Improve Redox State. InternationalJournal of Molecular Sciences, 14, 10497–10538.Sen, S., & Simmons, R.A. (2010). Maternal Antioxidant Supplementation Prevents Adiposityin the Offspring of Western Diet–Fed Rats. Diabetes, 59, 3058–3065.Simko, M., Totka, A., Vondrova, D., Samohyl, M., Jurkovicova, J., Trnka, M., Cibulkova, A.,Stofko, J., & Argalasova, L. (2019). Maternal Body Mass Index and Gestational WeightGain and Their Association with Pregnancy Complications and Perinatal Conditions.International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,16 (10), 1751.Song, J.H., Fujimoto, K., & Miyazawa, T. (2000). Polyunsaturated (n-3) Fatty AcidsSusceptible to Peroxidation Are Increased in Plasma and Tissue Lipids of Rats FedDocosahexaenoic Acid Containing Oils. Journal of Nutrition, 130, 3028–3033.Tang, Z., Ying, R.F., Lv, B.F., Yang, L.H., Xu, Z., Yan, L.Q ., Bu, J.Z., & Wei, Y.S. (2021).Flaxseed oil: Extraction, Health benefits and products. Quality Assurance and Safety ofCrops & Foods, 13(1), 1-19.Tran, B., Oliver, S., Rosa, J., & Galassetti, P. (2012). Aspects of inflammation and oxidativestress in pediatric obesity and type 1 diabetes: An overview of ten years of studies.Experimental Diabetes Research, 683–680.Vincent, H.K., & Taylor, A.G. (2006). Biomarkers and potential mechanisms of obesityinduced oxidant stress in humans. International Journal of Obesity, 30,400–418Whitaker, R.C. (2004) Predicting preschooler obesity at birth: the role of maternal obesity inearly pregnancy. Pediatrics, 114, 29–36Xu, J., Gao, H., Song, L., Yang, W., Chen, C., Deng, Q., Huang, Q., Yang, J., & Huang, F.(2013). Flaxseed oil and alpha-lipoic acid combination ameliorates hepatic oxidativestress and lipid accumulation in comparison to lard. Lipids in Health and Disease,12, 581–7Xu, J., Yang, W., Deng, Q., Huang, Q., Yang, J, & Huang, F. (2012). Flaxseed oil and αlipoic acid combination reduces atherosclerosis risk factors in rats fed a high-fat diet.Lipids in Health and Disease, 11,148–155Yagi, K. (1987). Lipid peroxides and human diseases. chemistry physics lipids, 45, 337–51.Yanes, O., Clark, J., Wong, D.M., Patti, G.J., Sanchez-Ruiz, A., Benton, H.P.0, Trauger, S.A.,Desponts, C., Ding, S., & Siuzdak, G. (2010) Metabolic oxidation regulates embryonicstem cell differentiation. Nature Chemical Biology, 6, 411–41 Yang, W., Fu, J., Yu, M., Huang, Q., Wang, D., Xu, J., Deng, Q., Yao, P., Huang, F., & Liu,L. (2012). Effects of flaxseed oil on anti-oxidative system and membrane deformationof human peripheral blood erythrocytes in high glucose level. Lipids in Health andDisease, 11, 88.Yessoufou, A., Soulimane, N., Merzouk, S., Moutairou, K., Ahissou, H., Prost, J., Simonin,AM., Merzouk, H., Hichami, A., & Khan, N.A. (2006). N-3 Fatty acids modulateantioxidant status in diabetic rats and their macrosomic offspring. International Journalof Obesity, 30, 739–750.

Character education in early childhood is not new, and character education is also not just a transfer of knowledge, but something that needs to be built early on through various stimula- tions. This study aims to develop the character of early childhood through audio-visual media with traditional Javanese songs. Using educational design-based research to develop audio-visual media from traditional songs, this media was tested in the field with an experimental design with a control group. Respondents involved 71 kindergarten students from one experimental class in one control class. The data revealed that character education in children shows the average value of the experi- mental class is higher than the control group, this means character education in children can be built through traditional songs. Further research can be done to improve the character of early childhood through a variety of media that interests children. Keywords: Early Childhood, Character Education, Javanese Traditional Songs Media References: Anderson, T., & Shattuck, J. (2012). Design-based research: A decade of progress in education research? Educational Researcher, 41(1), 16–25. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X11428813 Bates, A. (2016). The management of ‘emotional labour’ in the corporate re-imagining of primary education in England. International Studies in Sociology of Education, 26(1), 66–81. https://doi.org/10.1080/09620214.2016.1175959 Bates, A. (2019). Character education and the ‘priority of recognition.’ Cambridge Journal of Education, 49(6), 695–710. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305764X.2019.1590529 Battistich, V., Schaps, E., Watson, M., Solomon, D., & Lewis, C. (2000). Effects of the Child Development Project on students’ drug use and other problem behaviors. Journal of Primary Prevention, 21(1), 75–99. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007057414994 Berkowitz, M. W. (1933). The Science of Character. The Journal of Philosophy, 30(20), 557. https://doi.org/10.2307/2016365 Berkowitz, M. W., & Bier, M. C. (2004). Research Based Character Education. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 591(January), 72–85. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716203260082 Botvin, G. J., Epstein, J. A., Baker, E., Diaz, T., & Ifill-Williams, M. (2013). School-based drug abuse prevention with inner-city minority youth. The Etiology and Prevention of Drug Abuse Among Minority Youth, 6(I), 5–19. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315827735-6 Carr, D. (2012). Educating the Virtues: Essay on the philosophical psychology of moral development and education. London: Routledge. Cobb, J. (2007). What’ll I do with the baby-o? Nursery rhymes, songs, and stories for babies. Vancouver: BC: Blacksheep Press. Damon, W. (1988). The moral child: Nurturing children’s natural moral growth. New York: Free press. Derlicki, J. (2005). Ethno-pedagogy - the curse or the cure? The role of the school among youth in Nelemnoe (Yakutia). Sibirica, 4(1), 63–73. https://doi.org/10.1080/13617360500070731 Dick, W., & Carey, L. (2009). The Systematic Design of Instruction. New Jersey: Pearson Education. Ecclestone, K. (2012). From emotional and psychological well-being to character education: Challenging policy discourses of behavioural science and “vulnerability.” Research Papers in Education, 27(4), 463–480. https://doi.org/10.1080/02671522.2012.690241 Fleer, M., & Hedegaard, M. (2010). Children’s development as participation in everyday practices across different institutions. Mind, Culture, and Activity, 17(2), 149–168. https://doi.org/10.1080/10749030903222760 Goodman, J. F. (2019). Searching for character and the role of schools. Ethics and Education, 14(1), 15–35. https://doi.org/10.1080/17449642.2018.1537989 Greenberg, M. T., Kusche, C. A., Cook, E. T., & Quamma, J. P. (1995). Promoting emotional competence in school-aged children: The effects of the PATHS curriculum. Development and Psychopathology, 7(1), 117–136. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579400006374 Hanna, W. (2014). A Reggio-Inspired Music Atelier: Opening the Door Between Visual Arts and Music. Early Childhood Education Journal, 42(4), 287–294. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-013-0610-9 Harahap, N., Kahar, I. A., & Nasution, L. H. (2018). Preservation of lullabies songs in forming character based on local wisdom. International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Culture, 5(1), 32–42. https://doi.org/10.21744/ijllc.v5n1.479 Hariswari, K. P., & Iswidayanti, S. (2019). Catharsis : Journal of Arts Education Gending Rare : Its Potential As A Character Education Media Based on Local Authority in Denpasar City. 8(3), 352–362. Hariyadi, S., Tamalene, M. N., & Hariyono, A. (2019). Ethnopedagogy of the osing tribe folk song: exploration and formation of biology learning character. Biosfer, 12(2), 258–276. https://doi.org/10.21009/biosferjpb.v12n2.258-276 Hendrix, R. E., Palmer, K. Z., Tashis, N., & Winner, M. G. (2013). The incredible flexible you: A social thinking curriculum for the preschool and the early elementary years. San Jose: CA: Think Social. Herliyana, & Rosmiati. (2018). Developing the Nationalism Character of Young Learners by Using Songs and Traditional Dances of Indonesia. Proceedings of the International Conference on the Roles of Parents in Shaping Children’s Characters (ICECED), 287–292. Hidayati, I., Handini, M. C., & Karnadi. (2018). Character education on Dendang saluang ( Traditional song Minangkabau ) in Nagari Saribu Rumah. International Journal of Advanced Education and Research, 3(3), 01–05. Ilari, B. (2018). Scaramouche Goes to Preschool: The Complex Matrix of Young Children’s Everyday Music. Early Childhood Education Journal, 46(1), 0. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-017-0842-1 Jeynes, W. H. (2019). A Meta-Analysis on the Relationship Between Character Education and Student Achievement and Behavioral Outcomes. Education and Urban Society, 51(1), 33–71. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013124517747681 Kotsonis, A. (2020). What can we learn from Plato about intellectual character education? Educational Philosophy and Theory, 52(3), 251–260. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2019.1631157 Kurniawati, Y., Pranoto, S., & Hong, J. J. (2014). Developing Early Childhood’s Character Through Javanesenese Traditional Game. Indonesian Journal of Early Childhood Education Studies, 3(1), 68–72. https://doi.org/10.15294/ijeces.v3i1.9477 Lee, A. (2016). Implementing character education program through music and integrated activities in early childhood settings in Taiwan. International Journal of Music Education, 34(3), 340–351. https://doi.org/10.1177/0255761414563195 Lee, G. L. (2013). Re-emphasizing Character Education in Early Childhood Programs: Korean Children’s Experiences. Childhood Education, 89(5), 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1080/00094056.2013.830907 Lickona, T., Schaps, E., & Lewis, C. (2007). CEP ’ s of Effective Character Education Effective Character Education : Character Education Partnership. Mang, E. (2005). The referent of children’s early songs. Music Education Research, 7(1), 3–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/14613800500041796 Mans, M. (2002). Playing The Music- Comparing Perfomance of Children’s Song and dance in Traditional and Contemporary Namibian Education. In The Arts in Children’s Live (pp. 71–86). Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Marshall, P. J., Bouquet, C. A., Thomas, A. L., & Shipley, T. F. (2010). Motor contagion in young children: Exploring social influences on perception-action coupling. Neural Networks, 23(8–9), 1017–1025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2010.07.007 MENTERI PENDIDIKAN NASIONAL. STANDAR PENDIDIKAN ANAK USIA DINI. , PERATURAN MENTERI PENDIDIKAN NASIONAL REPUBLIK INDONESIA NOMOR § (2009). Mullen, G. (2017). More Than Words: Using Nursery Rhymes and Songs to Support Domains of Child Development. Journal of Childhood Studies, 42(2), 42. https://doi.org/10.18357/jcs.v42i2.17841 Mutema, F. (2008). Shona Traditional Children ’ s Games and Play : Songs as Indigenous Ways of Knowing. English, 2(4), 189–203. Nakashima, D., Prott, L., & Bridgewater, P. (2000). Tapping Into the World’s Wisdom. UNESCO Sources, 1–24. Nyota, S., & Mapara, J. (2008). Shona Traditional Children ’ s Games and Play : Songs as Indigenous Ways of Knowing. English, 2(4), 189–203. Rogoff, B., Moore, L., Najafi, B., Dexter, A., Correa-Chávez, M., & Solís, J. (2007). Children’s development of cultural repertoires through participation in everyday routines and practices. Handbook of socialization (In J. E. G). New York: Guilford Press. Selasih, N. N., & Sudarsana, I. K. (2018). Education Based On Ethnopedagogy In Maintaining And Conserving The Local Wisdom: A Literature Study. Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun, 6(2), 293–306. Sizer, T. R., & Sizer, N. F. (1999). The students are watching: Schools and the moral contract. Boston: Beacon. Smeyers, P., Smith, R., & Standish, P. (2010). The therapy of education: Philosophy, happiness and personal growth. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Sukoyo, J. (2016). The Development of Javanesenese Songs Containing Character Values as a Learning Medium of Early Childhood Education. Widyaparwa, 44(1), 1–9. Yang, L. H., Kleinman, A., Link, B. G., Phelan, J. C., Lee, S., & Good, B. (2007). Culture and stigma: Adding moral experience to stigma theory. Social Science and Medicine, 64(7), 1524–1535. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.11.013 Zeidler, Dana L; Keefer, M. (2003). the Role of Moral Reasoning on Socioscientific Issues and.

Enhanced feedback provided by virtual reality has been shown to promote motor learning both in healthy subjects and patients with motor impairments following lesions of the central nervous system. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of displaying a virtual teacher as visual feedback to promote the recovery of upper limb motor function after a stroke. The protocol reports the design of a single blind randomized controlled trial (RCT), blinded to outcome assessment. Two different treatments based on virtual reality will be compared: in the “Teacher” group, the patients receive treatment with continuous displaying of a virtual teacher, while in the “No-Teacher” group, the same exercises will be proposed without visualization of a virtual teacher. The Fugl-Meyer upper extremity scale will be considered as the primary outcome, while the Functional Independence Measure scale, Reaching Performance Scale and Modified Ashworth Scale will be considered as secondary outcomes. Moreover, kinematic parameters such as mean duration (seconds), mean linear velocity (cm/s) and smoothness (i.e. number of sub-movements) will be registered when performing standardised tasks. All tests will be performed before and after treatments. Both treatments will last four weeks with a daily session lasting one hour, five days a week (20 overall sessions). This study is designed to systematically assess the influence of using enhanced visual feedback for the recovery of upper limb motor function after a stroke. These findings will help to determine whether the use of a virtual teacher as enhanced visual feedback is effective for promoting better recovery of upper limb motor function over four weeks of post-stroke treatment. Current Controlled Trials registration number: NCT02234531 (registered on 29 August 2014, ClinicalTrials. gov) Kiper P., Zucconi C., Agostini M., Baba A., Dipalma F., Berlingieri C., Longhi C., Tonin P., Turolla A. Assessment of virtual teacher feedback for the recovery of the upper limb after a stroke. Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Med Rehabil 2016; 20(3): 13-20. DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0009.5010

ABSTRACT Attachment of Sindbis virus to the cell surface glycosaminoglycan heparan sulfate (HS) and the selection of this phenotype by cell culture adaptation were investigated. Virus (TR339) was derived from a cDNA clone representing the consensus sequence of strain AR339 (K. L. McKnight, D. A. Simpson, S. C. Lin, T. A. Knott, J. M. Polo, D. F. Pence, D. B. Johannsen, H. W. Heidner, N. L. Davis, and R. E. Johnston, J. Virol. 70:1981–1989, 1996) and from mutant clones containing either one or two dominant cell culture adaptations in the E2 structural glycoprotein (Arg instead of Ser at E2 position 1 [designated TRSB]) or this mutation plus Arg for Ser at E2 114 [designated TRSB-R114]). The consensus virus, TR339, bound to baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells very poorly. The mutation in TRSB increased binding 10- to 50-fold, and the additional mutation in TRSB-R114 increased binding 3- to 5-fold over TRSB. The magnitude of binding was positively correlated with the degree of cell culture adaptation and with attenuation of these viruses in neonatal mice. HS was identified as the attachment receptor for the mutant viruses by the following experimental results. (i) Low concentrations of soluble heparin inhibited plaque formation on and binding of mutant viruses to BHK cells by >95%. In contrast, TR339 showed minimal inhibition at high concentrations. (ii) Binding and infectivity of TRSB-R114 was sensitive to digestion of cell surface HS with heparinase III, and TRSB was sensitive to both heparinase I and heparinase III. TR339 infectivity was only slightly affected by either digestion. (iii) Radiolabeled TRSB and TRSB-R114 attached efficiently to heparin-agarose beads in binding assays, while TR339 showed virtually no binding. (iv) Binding and infectivity of TRSB and TRSB-R114, but not TR339, were greatly reduced on Chinese hamster ovary cells deficient in HS specifically or all glycosaminoglycans. (v) High-multiplicity-of-infection passage of TR339 on BHK cell cultures resulted in rapid coselection of high-affinity binding to BHK cells and attachment to heparin-agarose beads. Sequencing of the passaged virus population revealed a mutation from Glu to Lys at E2 70, a mutation common to many laboratory strains of Sindbis virus. These results suggest that TR339, the most virulent virus tested, attaches to cells through a low-affinity, primarily HS-independent mechanism. Adaptive mutations, selected during cell culture growth of Sindbis virus, enhance binding and infectivity by allowing the virus to attach by an alternative mechanism that is dependent on the presence of cell surface HS.

Telah dilakukan skrining fitokimia pada daun jeruk lemon. Jeruk lemon (Citrus limon L.) merupakan suatu tumbuhan yang sering dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat terutama bagian buahnya. Untuk mengetahui kandungan kimianya, maka dilakukanlah uji keberadaan senyawa metabolit sekunder di dalam ekstrak daun jeruk lemon (Citrus limon L.). Daun jeruk lemon memiliki kandungan limonen yang dapat digunakan dalam terapi anti kanker. Ekstrak daun jeruk lemon diperoleh dengan menggunakan metode maserasi. Setelah ekstrak kasar daun jeruk lemon diperoleh, maka diuji kandungan senyawa fitokimianya secara kualitatif. Berdasarkan uji fitokimia yang dilakukan maka diketahui bahwa ekstrak daun jeruk lemon positif mengandung golongan senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, fenol, dan tanin. Referensi : [1] A. W. Nugroho, “Konservasi Kenekaragaman Hayati Melalui Tanaman Obat Dalam Hutan di Indonesia Dengan Teknologi Farmasi: Potensi dan Tantangan,” J. Sains dan Kesehat., vol. 1, no. 7, pp. 377–383, 2017. [2] P. Setyaningrum, E. D., Kartika, R., Simanjuntak, “Uji Skrining Fitokimia dan Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan dari Daun Akasia (Acacia auriculiformkis Benth),” Pros. Semin. Nas. Kim., pp. 94–96, 2017. [3] M. Fitrah, “Identifikasi Ekstrak Daun Kopasanda (Chromolaena odorata Linn) Terhadap Sel Antiproliferasi Tikus Leukemia L1210,” Jf Fik Uinam, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 99–105, 2016. [4] H. S. Indriani Y., Mulqie L., “Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Air Perasan Buah Jeruk Lemon (Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck) dan Madu Hutan Terhadap Propionibacterium acne,” Pros. Penelit. Sivitas Akad. Unisba (Kesehatan dan Farm., vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 22–30, 2015. [5] E. Ahmad, F. M. Y., Katja, D. G., Suryanto, “Uji Fitokimia Ekstrak Kulit Batang Chisocheton sp.(C.DC) Harms Yang Tumbuh di Gunung Soputan Sulawesi Utara,” J. Ilm. Farm., vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 23–30, 2018. [6] W. Krisnawan, A. H., Budiono, R., Sari, D. R., Salim, “Potensi Antioksidan Ekstrak Kulit dan Perasan Daging Buah Lemon (Citrus limon) Lokal dan Import,” Pros. Semin. Nas., pp. 30–34, 2017. [7] P. Suja, D., G. Bupesh, N., Rajendiran, V., Mohan, P., Ramasamy, N. S.,Muthiah, A. A., Elizabeth, K., Meenakumari, K., “Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant, Antibacterial Activities of Citrus Limon and Citrus Linensis Peel Extracts,” Int. J. Pharmacogn. Chinese Med., vol. 1, no. 2, p. 000108, 2017. [8] M. H. Yang, J. S. Wang, J. G. Luo, X. B. Wang, and L. Y. Kong, “Tetranortriterpenoids from Chisocheton paniculatus,” J. Nat. Prod., vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 36–43, 2009, doi: 10.1021/np900485t. [9] Badan POM RI, “Pedoman Teknologi Formulasi Sediaan Berbasis Ekstrak.Volume 2. Jakarta: Direktorat Obat Asli Indonesia, Deputi Bidang Pengawas Obat Tradisional, Kosmetik dan Produk Komplemen,” vol. 7, no. 8, pp. 12–16, 2013. [10] M. . T. Mayasari, U., Laoli, “Karakterisasi Simplisia dan Skrining Fitokimia Daun Jeruk Lemon (Citrus limon (L.) Burm. F.),” J. Ilmu Biol. dan Terap., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 7–13, 2018. [11] A. Tuhuloula, L. Budiyarti, and E. N. Fitriana, “Karakterisasi Pektin dengan Memanfaatkan Limbah Kulit Pisang Menggunakan Metode Ekstraksi,” Konversi, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 21–27, 2013, doi: 10.20527/k.v2i1.123. [12] H. Halimatussakdiah, U. Amna, and P. Wahyuningsih, “Preliminary Phytochemical Analysis and Larvicidal Activity of Edible Fern (Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw.) Extract against Culex,” J. Nat., vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 141–146, 2018, doi: 10.24815/jn.v0i0.11335. [13] P. J. Puspita, M. Safithri, and N. P. Sugiharti, “Antibacterial Activities of Sirih Merah (Piper crocatum) Leaf Extracts,” Curr. Biochem., vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 1–10, 2019, doi: 10.29244/cb.5.3.1-10. [14] S. Susilawati and N. C. Chotimah, “Difference of Weight Gain in Baby Mother Given Boiled Of Papaya Fruit,” J. Kesehat., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 34–39, 2019, doi: 10.25047/j-kes.v5i1.36. [15] R. Nugrahani, Y. Andayani, and A. Hakim, “Skrining Fitokimia dari Ekstrak Buah Buncis (Phaseolus vulgaris L) dalam Sediaan Serbuk,” J. Penelit. Pendidik. IPA, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 96–103, 2016, doi: 10.29303/jppipa.v2i1.38. [16] M. H. Kemala, D., Hendiani, I., Satari, “Uji Daya Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Buah Manggis (Garciani mangostana L) Terhadap Streptococcus Sanguinis ATCC 10556,” Padjajaran J. Dent. Res. Students, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1–5, 2019. [17] M. Syafrida, S. Darmanti, and M. Izzati, “Pengaruh Suhu Pengeringan Terhadap Kadar Air, Kadar Flavonoid dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Daun dan Umbi Rumput Teki (Cyperus rotundus L.),” Bioma Berk. Ilm. Biol., vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 44–50, 2018, doi: 10.14710/bioma.20.1.44-50. [18] S. W. Azizah, Z., zulharmita., wati, “Skrining Fitokimia dan Penetapan Kadar Flavonoid Total Ekstrak Daun Pre (Momordica charantia L.),” J. Farm. Higea, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 163–172, 2018. [19] N. Hidayah, “Pemanfaatan Senyawa Metabolit Sekunder Tanaman (Tanin dan Saponin) dalam Mengurangi Emisi Metan Ternak Ruminansia,” J. Sain Peternak. Indones., vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 89–98, 2016, doi: 10.31186/jspi.id.11.2.89-98. [20] H. Nurjannati, M., Winarsi, H., dan Dwiyanti, “Efek Lama Perkecambahan Terhadap Sifat Sensori dari Kadar Protein Terlarut Susu Kecambah Kacang Merah (Sukarah) untuk Remaja Obesitas,” J. Gipas, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 27–42, 2018. [21] Sarifudin, A., Wardatun, S., “Kajian Metode Pengeringan dan Metode Analisis Daun Belimbing Wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) Terhadap Kadar Tanin,” J. Online Mhs. Bid. Farm., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1–9, 2015. [22] S. Noer and R. D. Pratiwi, “Uji Kualitatif Fitokimia Daun Ruta Angustifola,” Fakt. Exacta, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 200–206, 2016.

The analysis of a research work developed in the company C.V.G CARBONORCA of Venezuela is presented, which has two gas purification plants for the cooking area, designed to purify the gas that comes from the cooking ovens. Each plant is made up of solenoid valves, pneumatic valves, transmitters, process mimic panel and a supervisory system. All these elements are governed by a SIEMENS S5-115U PLC which is in a state of obsolescence, which is why the replacement of these automata by ALLEN BRADLEY ContolLogix automata was designed, in order to guarantee continuity in operations in plant. The research was done with a descriptive design of the field experimental type. A code for each gas treatment plant was obtained in RSLOGIX 5000 v17.00.00 and the update of the database of the supervisory system. The operation of the program was also verified through a simulation of the plant in a supervisory system, the deployment of which was designed for this purpose. Keywords: Automation, Modernization, ControlLogix, Supervisory System, Mimic Panel References [1]M. Uman, D. Mclain and P. Krider. “The Electromagnetic Radiation from a finite antenna” AJP, vol. 43, 1975. 1975. [2]A. Agrawal, H. Price and S. Gurbaxani. “Transient response of multiconductor transmission lines excited by a no uniform electromagnetic field”. IEEE Transactions on electromagnetic compatibility, (2), 119-129. 1980. [3]C. Nucci, F. Rachidi, M. Ianoz and C. Mazzetti. “Comparison of two coupling models for lightning-induced overvoltage calculations”. IEEE Transactions on power delivery, 10(1), 330-339. 1995. [4]R. Thottappillil and M. Uman. “Comparison of lightning return‐stroke models”. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 98(D12), 22903-22914. 1993. [5]K. Yee. “Numerical solution of initial boundary value problems involving Maxwell’s equations in isotropic media”, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. AP-14, no. 3, pp. 302–307, May 1966. 1966. [6]A. Taflove and S. Hagness. “Computational Electrodynamics: The Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method”. Boston-London: 2005. [7]A. Elsherbeni and V. Demir. “The finite-difference time-domain method for electromagnetics with MATLAB simulations”. The Institution of Engineering and Technology. 2016. [8]V. Silva. “Aplicação do método FDTD para avaliação da resposta de linhas de transmissão e aterramentos elétricos frente a descargas atmosféricas”. Dissertação de Mestrado, Universidade federal de minas gerais. Belo Horizonte, Brasil. 2017. [9]T. Noda and S. Yokoyama. “Thin wire representation in finite difference time domain surge simulation”. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 17(3), 840-847. 2002. [10]R. Chamié-Filho. Análise de tensões induzidas em linhas de distribuição de baixa tensão frente a uma descarga atmosférica. 2009. [11]R. Jiménez. “Lightning Induced Voltages on Overhead Lines above Non-Uniform and Non-Homogeneous Ground” Doctoral dissertation, Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Medellín. 2014. [12]S. Visacro and A. Soares. “HEM: A model for simulation of lightning-related engineering problems”. IEEE Transactions on power delivery, 20(2), 1206-1208. 2005. [13]J. Herrera. “Nuevas aproximaciones en el cálculo de tensiones inducidas por descargas eléctricas atmosféricas”. Programa de Doctorado en Ingeniería Eléctrica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, 128 . 2006. [14]C. McAfee. “Lightning return stroke electromagnetics-time domain evaluation and application” Doctoral dissertation. 2016. [15] S. Gedney. “Introduction to the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method for electromagnetics”. Synthesis Lectures on Computational Electromagnetics, 6(1), 1-250. 2011. [16]Y. Taniguchi, Y. Baba, N. Nagaoka and A. Ametani. “An improved thin wire representation for FDTD computations”. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 56(10), 3248-3252. 2008. [17]E. Soto. “Cálculo de campo electromagnético producido por rayo para terreno no plano y su efecto en las tensiones inducidas en líneas de distribución”. Tesis de Maestría, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Manizales, Colombia. 2010. [18]D. Sullivan. “Electromagnetic simulation using the FDTD method”. John Wiley & Sons. 2013.

Diabetic keratopathy is one of the most common ocular complications in diabetes mellitus. Protocol for diabetes induction in rat model also has been established in many centers. Nonetheless, method in developing diabetic keratopathy rat model has not been well covered. Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes is widely being used as animal diabetic model.The purpose of this study is to obtain an animal model of diabetic keratopathy that can be used to study the morphology, metabolism, and function of cornea in cases where human samples can be difficult to obtain.A single dose STZ (50 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally to control and intervention group. Plasma glucose level concentrations were tested in day 3 post injections. Obtained animal model of diabetic keratopathy, with significant difference of blood glucose level between intervention and control group (P0.00).Sensibility of cornea was decreased by week 14th in intervention group. Epithelial defect were more prominent in diabetic group. Despite the differences between human and animal characteristic of diabetic keratopathy, the use of animal models has contributed to better understanding of this disease and to examine more effective treatment.Bikbova G, Oshitari T, Baba T, Yamamoto S. 2016. Neuronal changes in the diabetic cornea: perspectives for neuroprotection. BioMed Research International. 2016:1-8.Cousen P, Cackett P, Bennett H, Swa K, Dhillon B. 2007. Tear production and corneal sensitivity in diabetes. Journal of Diabetes and its Complications. 21(6):371-373. Furman BL. 2015.Streptozotocin‐induced diabetic models in mice and rats. Current Protocols in Pharmacology. 70(1):5-47.King AJ. 2012. The use of animal models in diabetes research. British Journal of Pharmacology. 166(3):877-894.Ljubimov AV. 2017. Diabetic complications in the cornea. Vision Research. 139:138-152. Vieira-Potter VJ, Karamichos D, Lee DJ. 2016. Ocular complications of diabetes and therapeutic approaches. BioMed Research International. 2016: 1-14. Wild S, Roglic G, Green A, Sicree R, King H. 2004. Global prevalence of diabetes: estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030. Diabetes Care.27(5):1047-53.Yin J, Huang J, Chen C, Gao N, Wang F, Fu-Shin XY. 2011. Corneal complications in streptozocin-induced type I diabetic rats. Investigative Ophthalmology Visual Science. 52(9):6589-6596.

Reactions involving C–F, Si–F, and S–F bond cleavage with N-heterocyclic carbenes and isoelectronic species are reviewed. Most examples involve activation of aromatic C–F bond via an SNAr pathway and nucleophilic substitution of fluorine in electron-deficient olefins. The mechanism of the C–F bond activation depends on the reaction partners and the reaction can proceed via addition–elimination, oxidative addition (concerted or stepwise) or metathesis. The adducts formed upon substitution find applications in organic synthesis, as ligands and as stable radical precursors, but in most cases, their full potential remains unexplored.1 Introduction1.1 The C–F Bond1.2 C–F Bond Activation: A Short Summary1.3 C–F Bond Activation: A Special Case of SNAr1.4 N-Heterocyclic Carbenes (NHCs)1.5 The Purpose of this Article2 C–F bond Activation in Acyl Fluorides3 Activation of Vinylic C–F Bonds4 Activation of Aromatic C–F Bonds5 X–F Bond Activation (X = S or Si)6 C–F Bond Activation by Main Group Compounds Isoelectronic with NHCs7 Conclusions and Outlook

ABSTRACT Statement of problem: Modern polyamide ‘flexible’ denture base materials have increased in popularity for use in removable partial dentures in the last several years. The introduction of these newer products warrants investigation of their relative potential to develop fungal biofilms. Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of three denture base materials to support fungal biofilm formation. Materials and methods Specimens of two ‘flexible’ nylon type materials and one traditional heat processed, methyl methacrylate resin material were studied (both polished and unpolished surfaces). The specimens were coated with saliva and evaluated for fungal (Candida albicans) biofilm formation. The fungal biofilm mass formed on denture substrates were evaluated by dry weight analysis and by determining the number of viable fungal cells in the biofilm by MTT viability assay. Alteration in fungal metabolic function following the treatment of the biofilm C. albicans with nystatin and fluconazole was determined by XTT assay. Results In general, the unpolished surfaces of the denture disks favored the fungal biofilm, the most being on polyamide specimen, Valplast. Significantly, less biofilm was formed on Duraflex and Lucitone surfaces. Biofim on C. albicans was also found to be resistant to antifungal agents. As compared to freshly incubated (grown) planktonic cells, biofilm fungal cells required significantly higher concentrations of nystatin and fluconazole in order to obtain 50% reduction in metabolic activity. Conclusion This study demonstrated the differences in denture materials to support fungal biofilm formation, and also difference between polished and unpolished denture material surfaces. The results demonstrated that one of the polyamide materials (duraflex) had lesser potential to biofilm formation than the others. Clinical significance Unfavorable tissue responses can ensue from the presence of fungal biofilms on dental prosthetics. Resistance to biofilm formation is a factor for dental materials in their selection and usage. This study helps to quantify, evaluate and compare biofilm formation on polished and unpolished surfaces of three commonly used denture base materials. The results of this study helped to identify materials, which may, therefore, be better indicated in clinical applications. Evaluations for the newer denture base materials, specific to these testing methods, appear to be novel in the scientific literature. How to cite this article Jain V, Babu J, Ahuja S, Wicks R, Garcia-Godoy F. Comparison of Fungal Biofilm Formation on Three Contemporary Denture Base Materials. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2015;4(2):104-108.

On April 1, 1892, a 27-year-old patient F. S. was admitted to the gynecological department of the Jewish hospital in Warsaw, severely anemic and emaciated, with complaints of bleeding from the genitals. The last, 6th birth was 4 months ago, which ended well with a living full-term baby.

This paper deals with 20 names of species and infraspecific taxa of Salix L. that Fang and Skvortsov validated or intended to validate in 1998 following their original publication by Hao in 1936 without Latin diagnoses. The names are listed and issues of typification, attribution, and synonymy are discussed. New lectotypes are designated for eight names whose holotypes have been lost or destroyed or for which a choice between syntypes was necessary: Salix acuminatomicrophylla K. S. Hao ex C. F. Fang & A. K. Skvortsov, S. atopantha C. K. Schneid. var. glabra K. S. Hao ex C. F. Fang & A. K. Skvortsov, S. calyculata Hook. f. ex Andersson var. glabrifolia Hand.-Mazz. [≡ S. crenata K. S. Hao], S. forrestii K. S. Hao ex C. F. Fang & A. K. Skvortsov, S. kansuensis K. S. Hao ex C. F. Fang & A. K. Skvortsov, S. ovatomicrophylla K. S. Hao ex C. F. Fang & A. K. Skvortsov, S. pseudowolohoensis K. S. Hao ex C. F. Fang & A. K. Skvortsov, and S. schneideriana K. S. Hao ex C. F. Fang & A. K. Skvortsov. The type citation of S. shansiensis K. S. Hao ex C. F. Fang & A. K. Skvortsov is corrected.

Washing soft fresh produce such as strawberries, baby leaves, and sliced onions with sanitizing agents is challenging due to their fragile texture. Thus, treatments like aerosolization using slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) and ultraviolet C light-emitting diode (UVC LED) irradiation may be good alternatives. In the present study, the reduction effects of a combined treatment of aerosolization using SAEW and UVC LED irradiation on enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) and Staphylococcus aureus attached to strawberries, baby leaves, and sliced onions were investigated. The behaviours of EHEC and S. aureus, moisture loss, colour measurement, and visual appearance were also analyzed at 10 and 15 °C for 7 days. The reduction effect of the combined treatment with 100 SAEW and UVC LED was higher (0.53–0.92 log CFU g−1) than a single aerosolization treatment (0.11–0.41 log CFU g−1), regardless of samples or pathogens. A greater effect on EHEC and S. aureus reduction was observed in strawberries (0.74 and 0.92 log CFU g−1) than in baby leaves (0.62 and 0.53 log CFU g−1) and sliced onions (0.55 and 0.62 log CFU g−1). The combined treatment further reduced the EHEC and S. aureus populations in strawberries during 7 days of storage at 10 and 15 °C. However, the EHEC and S. aureus populations were maintained in baby leaves and sliced onions at 10 °C for 7 days. Additionally, the greatest effect on the maintenance of colour and appearance was obtained in the combined treatment. Since the combined treatment reduces EHEC and S. aureus populations and preserves visual quality, it could be expected to extend the shelf life of soft fresh produce at the retailer stage of the supply chain.

One of the reasons for the failure of breastfeeding is that the mother lacks confidence that her breast milk can meet the nutritional needs of her baby. This happens because the milk does not come out or only comes out a little in the first days after giving birth. The implementation method for this community service program is systematically arranged: a. Preparation stage, b. Preparation of educational materials and promotion of baby massage. c, Activity Implementation Phase, d. Devotion Article Creation, e Evaluation Phase, f. Report Generation Stage Keywords: Lactation massage

The British philosopher F. C. S. Schiller (1864–1937) was a leading pragmatist in the early twentieth century. His critiques of formal logic and his attempts to construct a humanist logic, derived from an anti-foundationalist humanism, are recognized as lasting philosophical achievements. But scholars have failed to consider that Schiller was passionately committed to the British eugenics movement. This essay explores the relationship between Schiller's pragmatism and his eugenicism. It argues that Schiller represents the broad scope of pragmatism in the early twentieth century through his involvements not only with eugenics, but also with psychical research as well. Underneath Schiller's various undertakings lies a common theme: the self, conceived in voluntaristic, historicist, and concrete terms. By tracing the trajectory of this theme in Schiller's thought, this essay demonstrates that Schiller's eugenicism was confined to the presuppositions of his pragmatist logic, which steered Schiller's eugenicism toward a distinctively nondeterministic and non-social-Darwinist kind.

Numerical study of various processes leads to the need of clarification (extensions) of the limits of applicability of computational constructs and modeling tools. For dynamical systems, this question may be related with a generalization of the concept of a derivative, which keeps the used constructions relevant. In this article we introduce the concept of weak local differentiability in a space of Lebesgue integrable functions and consider the consistency of this concept with such fundamental computational constructions as the Taylor expansion and finite differences, as well as properties of functions with a given type of differentiability on a segment. The function f from L₁[a; b] is called S-differentiable at the point x₀ from (a; b), if there are coefficients c and q, for which fx₀x₀+h (f (x) - c - q·(x-x₀)) dx = o(h²). Formulas are found for calculating the coefficients c and q, coefficients c and q, which are conveniently denoted fₛ(x₀) and fₛ ˊ(x₀) respectively. It is shown that if the function f belongs to W₁ⁿ⁻¹[a; b], n is greater than 1, and the function f⁽ⁿ⁻¹⁾ is S-differentiable at the point xₒ from (a; b), then f is approximated by a Taylor polynomial with accuracy o((x-xₒ)ⁿ), and the ratio of Δⁿₕ(f, xₒ) to hⁿ tends to fₛ⁽ⁿ⁾(xₒ) as h tends to 0. Based on the quotient Δⁿₕ (f, ·) and hⁿ, a sequence is built {Ʌₘⁿ [f]} piecewise constant functions subordinate to partitions segment [a; b] into m equal parts. It is shown that for the function f from W₁ⁿ⁻¹[a; b], for which the value is defined f ₛ⁽ⁿ⁾(xₒ), { Ʌₘⁿ [f] (xₒ)} converges to f ⁽ⁿ⁾(xₒ) as m tends to infinity, and for f from Wₚⁿ[a; b] the sequence { Ʌₘⁿ [f] } converges to f⁽ⁿ⁾ in the norm of the space Lₚ [I]. The place of S-differentiability in practical and theoretical terms is determined by its bilateral relations with ordinary differentiability. It is proved that if f belongs to W₁ⁿ⁻¹[I] and the function f⁽ⁿ⁻¹⁾ is uniformly S-differentiable on I, then f belongs to Cⁿ[f]. The constructions are algorithmic in nature and can be applied in numerically computer research of various relevant models.

Решается функциональное уравнение $$ f(x_1+z)\dotsb f(x_2+z)f(x_1+\dotsb+x_{s-1}-z) =\phi_1(x)\psi_1(z)+\dotsb+\phi_m(x)\psi_m(z), $$ где $x=(x_1,…,x_{s-1})$, относительно неизвестных $f,\psi_j\colon\mathbb C\to\mathbb C$, $\phi_j\colon\mathbb C^{s-1}\to\mathbb C$ при $s\ge 3$, $m\le 4s-5$. Библиография: 19 названий.

The exponential factor in Equation (1) of the paper published in Materials [1] reports a misprint and the correct expression of the transmission function is (1) T ˜ ( ω ) = E ˜ f ( ω ) E ˜ s ( ω ) = 2 n ˜ f ( n ˜ a + n ˜ s ) ( n ˜ f + n ˜ a ) ( n ˜ f + n ˜ s ) e x p { − i ( n ˜ f − n ˜ a ) ω t c } F P ( ω ) where F P ( ω ) = 1 1 − ( n ˜ f − n ˜ a n ˜ f + n ˜ a ) ( n ˜ f − n ˜ s n ˜ f + n ˜ s ) e x p { − i 2 n ˜ f ω t c } [...]

Argyreia speciosa (Linn.f.) (Family: Convolvulaceae, Synonyms: Argyreia nervosa) is used in the traditional Ayurvedic systems of medicine as well as in local health folklore. It is commonly known as Vidhaara in Hindi and Hawaiian Baby Woodrose and Elephant creeper in English. It is the large climber and seen throughout India up to an altitude of 500 m. A. speciosa possess various pharmacological activity such as anti-aging, gastroprotective, analgesic & anti-inflammatory, aphrodisiac, antiviral, antidiabetic, anticonvulsion, antioxidant, antidiarrheal, antiulcer, central nervous system depressant, nematocides, nootropic, anticancer and many more. Apart from this numerous phytoconstituents have been isolated from A. speciosa. Its seeds principally contain lysergamides, eragine and isoeragine which responsible for its hallucinogenic properties. The present paper efforts bring to light the available literature on A. speciosa with respect to traditional, ethnobotanical, phytoconstituents and review of different pharmacological activities. Keywords: Argyreia speciosa, Vidhaara, Anti-aging, Hallucinogen, Ethnobotanical

Let $S^*(a,b)$ denote the class of analytic functions $f$ in the unit disc $E$, with $f(0) =f'(0) - 1 =0$, satisfying the condition $|(zf'(z)/f(z))- a|<b$, $a\in C$, $|a- 1|<b\le Re(a)$, $z\in E$. In this paper the class $S^*(\alpha, a, b)$ of functions $f$ analytic in $E$, with $f(0) = f'(0)- 1 =0$, $f(z)f'(z)/z\neq 0$ for $z$ in $E$ and satisfying in $E$ the condition $|J(\alpha,f)- a|<b$, $a \in C$, $|a-1|<b\le Re(a)$, where $J(\alpha, f) =(1- \alpha)(zf'(z)/f(z)) +\alpha((zf'(z))'/f'(z))$, $\alpha$ a non-negative real number is introduced. It is proved that $S^*(\alpha, a,b)\subset S^*(a,b)$, if $a> (4b/c)|Im(a)|$, $c=(b^2- |a- 1|^2)/b$. Further a representation formula for $f \in S^*(\alpha, a, b)$ and an inequality relating the coefficients of functions in $S^*(\alpha, a, b)$ are obtained.

Let f be analytic in the unit disk D={z∈C:|z|<1}, and S be the subclass of normalized univalent functions with f(0)=0, and f′(0)=1. Let F be the inverse function of f, given by F(z)=ω+∑n=2∞Anωn for some |ω|≤r0(f). Let S*⊂S be the subset of starlike functions in D, and C the subset of convex functions in D. We show that −1≤|A3|−|A2|≤3 for f∈S, the upper bound being sharp, and sharp upper and lower bounds for |A3|−|A2| for the more important subclasses of S* and C, and for some related classes of Bazilevič functions.