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Articles de revues sur le sujet « B. Information use and sociology of information »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 10 mars 2023

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1

Liu, Jun. « Information and Communication Technologies as Contentious Repertoire ». European Journal of Sociology 61, n^o 1 (avril 2020) : 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000397562000003x.

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AbstractThis study advances an original theoretical framework to understand the deployment of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in political contention. It argues that we should not look only at the use of ICTs in contention, as technologies are not “born” to be used in and for political activism. Rather, people appropriate and manoeuvre technologies—some but not others—for such purposes, in specific contexts. This study proposes a relational understanding of ICT uses in contention, taking into account their technicalities and their sociality, as well as the transformation and actualisation that occurs between them. It suggests that an investigation necessitates the perception of communication technologies as a repertoire of contention on the basis of affordances that structure the possibilities of the use of technology. The study further presents an application of the framework in cases of protests in mainland China. Through fieldwork and in-depth interviews, this study indicates that the choice of (certain functions of) mobile phones as protest repertoire derives from a confluence of (a) a given social group’s habitus of media use that manifests particular affordances, and (b) the learned experience of the contested means of the past in official mass communication. It concludes that what people do and do not do with ICTs in political contention is significantly shaped by affordances and habitus, thereby revealing the dynamics behind repertoire selection and constraint.

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Morimoto, Shauna A., et Lewis A. Friedland. « The Lifeworld of Youth in the Information Society ». Youth & ; Society 43, n^o 2 (4 octobre 2010) : 549–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0044118x10383655.

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Media is now central to how youth form their identities. Media also shapes the cultural background of much of young people’s action and decision making and the institutional framework of social interaction. This article explores this mediated “lifeworld” of young people by examining rates of current media use and the infiltration of media into conventional forms of socialization such as schools, family, and peers. The authors argue that increasing media use coincides with a larger structural shift to an information-based society wherein social relationships are constituted and reinforced through a cycle of “networked individualism” and growing “risk” among youth. The authors illustrate the cycle of media use, individualization, and risk by briefly examining (a) rising economic insecurity among all Americans and American youth in particular, and (b) the contradictions minority youth face in navigating structural barriers to achievement. The authors conclude by discussing the implications of their work and suggesting policy directions for youth in a media-saturated society.

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Juster, F. Thomas, Hiromi Ono et Frank P. Stafford. « 2. An Assessment of Alternative Measures of Time Use ». Sociological Methodology 33, n^o 1 (août 2003) : 19–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0081-1750.2003.t01-1-00126.x.

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Although time use has received much attention by social scientists as an index of resource allocation and social relations across groups, only a few studies have carefully assessed the relative strengths and weaknesses of the existing methods of measuring time use: time diary (TD), stylized (S) respondent report, and experiential sampling method (ESM). We note the varying degree of biases that arise in part from the extent of detail in the information collected by the three methods. Using findings from our analysis of the structure of these methods, we hypothesize that there are empirical exceptions to previously reported common findings that TD provides less biased information on time use than does S—namely (a) when labor market workers report their time spent on labor market work, and (b) when the historical trend in time, rather than the absolute level, is studied. Empirical results confirm our prediction and show that, among individuals who work regularly, TD and S estimates of labor market work hours reported by the same persons correspond closely to one another. In addition, when assessing historical trends, TD and S values correspond closely to one another, although TDs yield some inexplicable deviations from the trend even when the sample and the codes are carefully standardized. We also provide notes on a strategy of standardization for diary codes that are distinct across historical or national contexts.

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Rousseau, Ann, Jolien Trekels et Steven Eggermont. « Preadolescents’ Reliance on and Internalization of Media Appearance Ideals : Triggers and Consequences ». Journal of Early Adolescence 38, n^o 8 (16 juin 2017) : 1074–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272431617714330.

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The present three-wave panel study ( N = 973, [Formula: see text] = 11.14) sought to advance the current literature on media internalization in preadolescence by examining triggers and consequences related to preadolescents’ media internalization and use of media for appearance information. We sought to examine whether (a) media internalization and use of media for appearance information could be explained by pubertal timing and peer appearance criticism, and (b) such media internalization and use of media for information could foster dysfunctional body image investment. Structural equation analyses showed that early maturation relative to peers and peer appearance criticism predicted preadolescents’ use of media for appearance information and media internalization, 6 months later. Such media use, in turn, predicted preadolescents’ development of dysfunctional appearance beliefs, 6 months later. These results highlight the importance for future studies to examine whether preadolescents’ reliance on appearance media stems from their need to cope with current body concerns.

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Sahu, Harish Kumar. « Use of Social Networking Sites among Students of Library and Information Science, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur ». Journal of Ravishankar University (PART-A) 28, n^o 2 (1 août 2022) : 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.52228/jrua.2022-28-2-2.

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This study examines the social networking sites among college students in India have significantly increased. The purpose of the study is to investigate the use of social networking sites among students of Library and Information Science, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh. Structured questionnaires were used to collect the data from a representative sample of 61 (B. Lib. and I. Sc. 33, M. Lib. and I. Sc. 18 and 10 research scholars) students who were selected. The collected data were analyzed using different statistical methods. The result indicates that all Library and Information Science students are aware of social networking sites. They are using at least one form of social networking website to interact with family members and friends and also connect to their classmates for online study. Facebook and Whatsapp are the commonly used social networking sites among the Library and Information Science students and they use them for friendly communication. There are benefits of using social networking sites as well as dangers associated with social networking sites which are discussed in this paper.

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GÖKALP, Hüseyin. « Bir Savaş Taktisyeni Olarak Hâlid b. Velîd ». İslami İlimler Dergisi 17, n^o 1 (27 mars 2022) : 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.34082/islamiilimler.1093913.

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K̲h̲ālid was an extraordinary warrior and commander who lived in 7th century and led Muslim armies against Romans and Sassanids. He managed to fight against two great power of the day at the same time in an unusual way. Just flashing back to his childhood or youth to understand his military carrier is not sufficient. His membership to brave Arab tribes or his desert environment also does not give necessary information to explain his professional diplomatic attempts, detailed field plans, and elegant army order on the battlefields. We will try to make some inferences about his career by examining his tactics in the context of his military activities during the Caliph Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq period. The Caliph Abū Bakr had a clear vision and strategy for conquests, and he was trusting his commanders by giving them space to lead the armies, not interfering in all details. He had also analyzed the sociology of the region well. K̲h̲ālid b. al-Walīd portrays a successful commander who does not interfere with the general politics of the caliph but is very meticulous in applying his orders to the field. On the other hand, the Caliph 'Umar ibn-al-Khaṭṭâb unlike Abū Bakr, wanted to manage all the details on the battlefields. For this reason, although K̲h̲ālid had a successful period with Abū Bakr, he could not work with ‘Umar for a long time. K̲h̲ālid b. al-Walīd's originality is that each war is unlike the previous one and develops shocking tactics. He didn't have a standard tactic, and his moves were not familiar and predictable. He could even apply different methods in similar situations. The way he started and ended wars subverted the tactics of the enemy Arab, Roman, and Persian armies. In general, the battles he managed were lasting shorter than expected. He easily sensed the weak points of enemy commanders and soldiers such as pride or fear and could use these weaknesses well. In this article, we will revisit some examples and try to analyze the tactics K̲h̲ālid used during his military career caused the fall of the Sassanid Iraq and damaged the Roman Levant

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Reiter, Dan, et Scott Wolford. « Gender, sexism, and war ». Journal of Theoretical Politics 34, n^o 1 (27 décembre 2021) : 59–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09516298211061151.

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We analyze a model of leader gender and crisis bargaining under asymmetric information. There are no essential differences between the sexes in their willingness to use force, but sexist leaders receive a subjective boost for defeating female leaders in war and pay a subjective cost for defeat. We show that this hostile sexism can lead to war for two reasons, first by offering sufficient private benefits to make peace impossible and second by influencing an uninformed leader’s willingness to risk war. We also show that (a) the effect of leader sex on disputes and war depends on the distribution of power, (b) sexist leaders may initiate disputes at less favorable distributions of power than non-sexist leaders, and (c) sexist leaders adopt bargaining strategies that make it difficult for women to cultivate and benefit from reputations for resolve, even in the absence of sex differences in the willingness to use force.

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Kendall, Jacob, et Philip Anglewicz. « Characteristics Associated With Migration Among Older Women and Men in Rural Malawi ». Illness, Crisis & ; Loss 25, n^o 4 (4 août 2017) : 283–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1054137317723102.

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The older population in sub-Saharan Africa is growing rapidly, but little is known about the migration patterns of older individuals in this setting. In this article, we identify the determinants of migration for older individuals in a rural African setting. To do so, we use rare longitudinal data with information for older individuals both before and after migration. We first identify premigration factors associated with moving in the future and then identify differences in characteristics between migrants and nonmigrants after migration. In addition to basic sociodemographic information, we examine differences between migrants and nonmigrants in land ownership, number of lifetime marriages, number of living offspring, previous migration experience, household size, social and religious participation, and religious affiliation. Results show that (a) migration in older age is related to marriage, health and HIV status, household size, and religion; (b) older women who are HIV-positive are more likely to move, and older men with better physical health are more likely to move; (c) older female migrants have worse postmigration physical health; and (d) the relationship between health and migration for older men disappears after migration.

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Marková Volejníčková, Romana. « Exploring new types of intensive motherhood in the Czech Republic ». Human Affairs 28, n^o 2 (25 avril 2018) : 171–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/humaff-2018-0014.

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Abstract Intensive motherhood (IM) has become an established social norm in many countries, especially Western ones. Centred upon the mother providing lengthy full-time, intensive care focused on the child’s needs, these social norms can be seen in the actions of mothers in diverse social locations. However, recent research has demonstrated that women’s ability to engage in IM is affected by factors like education, race, ethnicity, religion or socioeconomic status as well as by cultural and structural conditions. The goal of this paper is to analyse IM in the Czech context by focusing on factors that most affect a mother’s ability to engage in IM. Biographical interviews were held with 17 mothers, and the following three areas were discussed most in their narratives: (a) use of information on childrearing, (b) attitude to paid employment and juggling family and work, and (c) the financial, mental and emotional costs of motherhood.

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CADDICK, NICK, HELEN CULLEN, AMANDA CLARKE, MATT FOSSEY, MICHAEL HILL, GILL MCGILL, JANE GREAVES, TERI TAYLOR, CATHERINE MEADS et MATTHEW D. KIERNAN. « Ageing, limb-loss and military veterans : a systematic review of the literature ». Ageing and Society 39, n^o 8 (4 mars 2018) : 1582–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x18000119.

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ABSTRACTThe impact of losing a limb in military service extends well beyond initial recovery and rehabilitation, with long-term consequences and challenges requiring health-care commitments across the lifecourse. This paper presents a systematic review of the current state of knowledge regarding the long-term impact of ageing and limb-loss in military veterans. Key databases were systematically searched including: ASSIA, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Medline, Web of Science, PsycArticles/PsychInfo, ProQuest Psychology and ProQuest Sociology Journals, and SPORTSDiscus. Empirical studies which focused on the long-term impact of limb-loss and/or health-care requirements in veterans were included. The search process revealed 30 papers relevant for inclusion. These papers focused broadly on four themes: (a) long-term health outcomes, prosthetics use and quality of life; (b) long-term psycho-social adaptation and coping with limb-loss; (c) disability and identity; and (d) estimating the long-term costs of care and prosthetic provision. Findings present a compelling case for ensuring the long-term care needs and costs of rehabilitation for older limbless veterans are met. A dearth of information on the lived experience of limb-loss and the needs of veterans’ families calls for further research to address these important issues.

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Hunsucker, R. Laval. « More Appropriate Information Systems and Services for the Social Scientist : Time to Put Our Findings to Work ». Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 2, n^o 4 (7 décembre 2007) : 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8j59v.

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A review of: Line, Maurice B. “The Information Uses and Needs of Social Scientists: An Overview of INFROSS.” Aslib Proceedings 23.8 (1971): 412-34. Rpt. in Lines of Thought: Selected Papers. Ed. L.J. Anthony. London: Bingley, 1988. 45-66. Objective – The study reported in this article was conceived in order to answer a question of very large scope: What are the information systems and services requirements of social scientists? Inherent in this question was the correlative question: How do social scientists tend to use such systems and services, and what resources and information access approaches do they by choice employ? The choice for such an approach was well-considered, given that 1) there were at the time almost no research results available in this area; 2) the investigators feared that approaches developed earlier for the natural sciences and technology would be uncritically adopted for the social sciences as well; and 3) “the social science information system was developing anyway, and if it was to develop in appropriate ways, some guidance had to be provided quickly” (412). The Investigation into Information Requirements of the Social Sciences (INFROSS) project team believed that there was “no point” (412) in embarking first on a series of more narrowly focused studies. The express intention was to derive findings that would be usable “for the improvement of information systems, or for the design of new ones” (414). For more on the project's conceptual underpinnings, see Line’s “Information Requirements.” Design – Exploratory study employing both quantitative and qualitative approaches over a period of three and a half years, beginning in the autumn of 1967. Setting – The whole of the United Kingdom. The project was funded by that country’s Office for Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), which had been established in 1965. Subjects – Almost 1,100 randomly selected academic social science researchers, plus a substantial number of government social science researchers and social science “practitioners” (“college of education lecturers, schoolteachers, and individuals in social work and welfare” [413]). For the purposes of the study, the social sciences included anthropology, economics, education, geography, political science, psychology and sociology, but numerous historians and statisticians ultimately participated. Methods – Three methods were employed: surveys, interviews, and direct observation. A “very long” (413) questionnaire was sent to 2,602 of the identified ca. 9,100 social science researchers in the United Kingdom, with 1,089 (41.8%) completed questionnaires returned. Two pilots were conducted with the questionnaire before a definitive version was finalized for the study. Seventy-five interviews were conducted (individually or in groups) with researchers, some of whom had received but not responded to the questionnaire, and some of whom were not included in the questionnaire sample. The interviews with non-responding persons in the sample were for purposes of determining “whether they were non-typical” (413). Fifty additional interviews were conducted (individually or in groups) with practitioners. Day-to-day observation of a small number of social scientists was undertaken in the context of a two and a half year-long experimental information service at Bath University – the first time any UK university had employed information officers for the social sciences. Main results – The results showed a pronounced perception among social scientists that informal “methods of locating references to relevant published information” (416-8, 426-7, 431) are more useful than formal methods (such as consulting the library catalogue, searching library shelves, or searching in indexing and abstracting publications), and an even more pronounced inclination to actually use such informal methods – something of a revelation at the time. Less than one sixth of all sociologists, for example, made use of Sociological Abstracts. On both counts, “consulting librarian” (418) scored worse than all the other ten options. Forty-eight percent of respondents never did it, and only 8% perceived it as a “very useful” (418) method. Nonetheless, 88% of respondents were in principle prepared to delegate at least some of their literature searching, and approximately 45% all of it, “to a hypothetical information officer” (425). More than 75% of the experimental service clients also responded affirmatively to the question: “Should a social science information officer be a high priority,” given limited available resources? (Line, Cunningham, and Evans 73-5). Most subjects found, in any case, that their major “information problems” (427-8) lay not in discovering what relevant documents might exist, but rather in actually getting their hands on them. In only around 20% of the cases were they ultimately successful in doing so. The younger the researcher, the greater the dissatisfaction with her/his own institution’s collection. This study also revealed that academic social scientists drew little distinction between information needs for their research and those for their teaching. There was one social science discipline which clearly stood out from the rest: psychology. Psychologists were the heaviest users of abstracting and indexing (A&I) publications, as well as of the journal literature, published conference proceedings, and research reports. They were also the least tolerant of time lags in the A&I services’ coverage of new publications. Further significant findings were: • A librarian’s way of categorizing research materials was not very meaningful to the researchers themselves. • A&I services were generally used more often for ‘keeping up’ than for retrospective searching. • Consultation with librarians was more common in the less scholarly and more intimate college environment than at research institutions. • A large percentage found library cataloguing insufficiently detailed. The same was true for book indexes. • There was considerable enthusiasm for the idea of a citation index for the social sciences. (N.B.: the SSCI began publication two years after the appearance of this article.) • Among informal methods of scholarly communication and information transfer, conferences (to the investigators’ surprise) rated remarkably low. • Researchers with large personal collections made more use of the library and its services than those with small collections. • Social scientists had little interest in non-English-language materials. Line speaks of “a serious foreign language problem” (424). The INFROSS study produced an enormous amount of data. Only 384 of the computer tables produced were made available in 4 separate reports to OSTI. Only 3 tables, 2 of which were abbreviated, appeared in this article. The further raw data were available on request. Conclusion – Line himself was exceedingly cautious in drawing explicit positive conclusions from the INFROSS results. He even stated that, “No major patterns were detected which could be of use for information system design purposes” (430). He was freer with his negative and provisional assessments. Two years earlier he had written: “It still remains to be established that there is an information problem in the social sciences, or that, if there is, it is of any magnitude” (“Information Requirements” 3). However, it was now clear to Line that information services and systems for the social scientist were indeed quite inadequate, and that (potential) users were not satisfied. He was, furthermore, prepared to go out on a limb with the following assertions and inferences: 1) It was a great strength of INFROSS that it had – in marked contrast to previous science user studies – generated “a mass of comparable [his italics] data within a very broad field, so that every finding can be related to other findings” (430). 2) There are discernable – and exploitable – differences in the information needs and use patterns among the different social science disciplines (which he often also refers to as the different “subjects”). 3) INFROSS had likewise made more evident the nature of similarities across disciplines. 4) There is indeed, from an information/library perspective, a continuum from the ‘harder’ to the ‘softer’ social sciences. 5) Social scientists showed too little awareness, made too little use, and even displayed “insufficient motivation” (431) to make use of available information systems/services. He elsewhere (“Secondary Services” 269, 272) characterizes them as “remarkably complacent,” “even apathetic.” 6) There is good reason to doubt the wisdom of libraries’ investing in user education, since it is bound to have little effect (for further discussion of this matter, one can consult his “The Case for” 385-6 and “Ignoring the User” 86). 7) User-friendly systems amount inevitably to underdeveloped and ineffective systems – and therefore “personal intermediaries,” in sufficient numbers, will remain essential if we wish to offer social scientists really good information services (426, 431). Line believed that INFROSS was only a beginning, and he had already, even before writing this article, begun follow-up research aimed at attaining results really of use for information system design purposes (e.g., the DISISS project). He complained many years later, however, that all this research “indicated means of improvement, but led to no action” (“Social Science Information” 131). In any case, “Bath” (the common shorthand subsequently used to refer to all this research) became, and has remained, the starting point for all subsequent discussions of social science information problems. Several years ago, there was a well-argued international call for “a new and updated version of the INFROSS study” – with an eye to finally using the findings for practical purposes, and aiming “to extend and follow up the research agenda set by the original study” (Janes “Time to Take”).

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Kruzhkova, Olga V., Irina A. Simonova, Anastasia O. Ljovkina et Marina S. Krivoshchekova. « Vandal Practices as a Psychological Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic ». Changing Societies & ; Personalities 5, n^o 3 (11 octobre 2021) : 452. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/csp.2021.5.3.145.

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Vandalism can be seen as a form of individual self-realization and expression of the individual and collective responses to change. In this paper, we intend to look at the meaning and motivations behind acts of vandalism. We also aim to classify cases of vandalism that occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic. In total, we analyzed 80 cases of vandalism related to the COVID-19. The information was obtained from open online sources: publications in online communities and media found through the use of hashtags #COVID-19 and #vandalism. As a result, five categories of vandalism were identified: (a) vandalism as a mechanism of adaptation to change; (b) vandalism as a coping strategy; (c) vandalism as an unconscious defensive reaction to a threatening situation; (d) vandalism as resistance to change; and (e) vandalism as a reflection of the sense of social injustice. We found that vandalism during the pandemic was used mostly as a way of adaptation to change and as a coping strategy. Moreover, our findings have also demonstrated that social instability and transitivity in the crisis period stimulate people to rethink the current social order and search for new social forms, structures, and principles.

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Johnson, Laura R., Christopher F. Drescher, Sophia H. Assenga et Rachel J. Marsh. « Assessing Assets Among Street-Connected Youth : New Angles With Participatory Methods in Tanzania ». Journal of Adolescent Research 34, n^o 5 (22 février 2019) : 619–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0743558418822334.

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Street-connected adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa have been neglected in scholarly research. Extant literature is largely problem focused. This study describes strengths and assets among street-connected youth in Tanzania, using a participatory, mixed methods approach. Adolescents ( N = 38, 13-17 years) in a rehabilitation center for street youth in Northern Tanzania completed a Swahili version of the Developmental Assets Profile (DAP). They engaged in participatory activities designed to capture multiple perspectives and promote maximal engagement. A subsample of youth ( n = 8) took part in photovoice to elucidate contextual details. Although exploratory, we expected (a) participants would have lower scores on the external versus internal domain of the DAP; (b) qualitative methods would support the DAP and provide complementary, contextual information; and (c) participatory methods would be important for providing varied perspectives and engaging youth in the research process. Results revealed a moderately high level of assets, with strengths in constructive use of time and commitment to school. External assets were higher than internal assets; however, different assets were emphasized across different methods. Overall, results supported the DAP framework. The participatory approaches effectively engaged youth and illuminated the culture and context of their development.

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Ezrokh, Yu S., et A. M. Kashirina. « Academic Debt in Higher Education : An Analysis of the Causes and Opportunities to Overcome ». Vysshee Obrazovanie v Rossii = Higher Education in Russia 32, n^o 1 (21 janvier 2023) : 71–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31992/0869-3617-2023-32-1-71-92.

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Academic debt can cause a significant damage to the Russian economics and the higher education system in the medium term (on the horizon of 5–10 years). The purpose of the study is to identify the key problems based on the results of a comprehensive empirical analysis of the situation of the formation of massive academic debt (using the example of the “Business Informatics” direction at a Russian university) and to substantiate ways to improve the activities of universities in order to overcome them and reduce students’ academic dept. Research methods are general scientific (deduction, induction, generalization, comparative analysis, etc.), as well as special ones (correlation and regression, statistical, sociological surveys, etc.). Analytics and visualization of quantitative data were carried out using MS PowerBI software. Research results. It was revealed that: a) high incoming scores do not guarantee trouble-free education at the university; b) students with low scores (but not less than 160–170) are also able to master quite complicated university programs; c) the presence of academic debts does not depend on the type of disciplines studied (economics / information technology). The number of student dropouts in the studied sample (up to 50% of those who entered with a non-linear dependence on the total USE scores) testifies to the presence of reasons that are not related to the incoming educational potential of students. The results of the study made it possible to structure them into three groups: insufficient motivation, self-organization problems, and “incomplete maturation”. Five groups of students have been identified with an increased risk of accumulating academic debt. The article substantiates the use of indirect educational influence on the students through a special mobile application.

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Eggers, Thurid, Christopher Grages et Birgit Pfau-Effinger. « Self-Responsibility of the “Active Social Citizen” : Different Types of the Policy Concept of “Active Social Citizenship” in Different Types of Welfare States ». American Behavioral Scientist 63, n^o 1 (janvier 2019) : 43–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764218816803.

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The article aims to answer the following research questions: (a) How far do European welfare states differ in the use of the policy concept of the active social citizen? and (b) How far is it possible to explain the differences with welfare regime types and welfare culture? The article distinguishes between two different types of the policy concept of active social citizenship with regard to self-responsibility. It argues that the active social citizen’s self-responsibility could be underpinned either by a major role of the welfare state, which promotes the citizens’ self-determination, or by a minor role of the state, which forces citizens to be self-reliant for funding and for organizing their own social security and services. The article is based on a cross-national comparative study for two policy fields (unemployment and long-term care policies for older people) in three welfare states (Denmark, England, and Germany), and analyzes legal frameworks, data from MISSOC (Mutual Information System on Social Protection) and secondary literature. The comparative analysis shows that countries differ in the type of the policy concept of active social citizenship they use. Differences in the type of welfare regime and also differences in the welfare culture contribute to an explanation of these differences. The article is innovative in that it offers a systematic analysis of the differences in the ways in which welfare states of different regime types conceptualize “active social citizenship” with regard to the citizens’ self-responsibility.

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Mundlovu, M., D. Khosa et E. Zenzile. « Evaluating the Nature and Extent of Burglary at Residential Premises in Namakgale Policing Area, South Africa ». International Journal of Criminology and Sociology 10 (29 septembre 2021) : 1367–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2021.10.157.

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The main objective of this paper was to explore the nature and extent of burglary at residential grounds in the Namakgale policing area, after realisation of higher manifestations and uncontrollable nature of this crime. This paper utilised a qualitative research approach, supported by the phenomenological research design. Altogether, 30 participants were purposively selected from diverse target groups, which consists of the South African Police Service Detectives, uniform police officers, Community Policing Forum (CPF) members and managers, Community Leaders and Faith-based organisation leaders, and local community members. The objectives of the paper were realised by the use of one-on-one semi-structured interviews for data collection, and thematic analysis, in order to analyse the gathered data. Research findings of this paper revealed that the current strategies of traditional policing, such as a) foot patrolling offered by the selected stakeholders, and b) the vehicle patrolling rendered by the local SAPS members, are deemed to be ineffective. There is an increase in the number of burglaries at residential premises at Namakgale policing area, and the reported cases tend to be often unsolved. There are constant complaints made by community members about burglary in their premises. It is also established that security systems can play an essential role in deterring the commission of this crime and the failing trust within the community members and the local SAPS should be rebuilding. This empirical research paper recommends that Namakgale community, local SAPS and other relevant stakeholders should clearly understand the Modus Operandi (MO) used in the commission of this ordeal crime. The understanding of the MO would serve as a detail-rich information and subsequently influence strategies, on how to effectively respond to this crime.

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Lindsay, Greg. « Misleading Information Given on Product Use ». Archives of Ophthalmology 123, n^o 1 (1 janvier 2005) : 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archopht.123.1.126-b.

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ROTFELD, HERBERT JACK. « Information You Can't Use ». Journal of Consumer Affairs 36, n^o 2 (décembre 2002) : 299–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6606.2002.tb00436.x.

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WATANABE, Tatsuya, et Mamoru NARUKAWA. « Questionnaire Survey of Hospital Pharmacists on the Use of Information in Package Inserts Focusing on Safety Information ». Rinsho yakuri/Japanese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 47, n^o 1 (2016) : 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3999/jscpt.47.3.

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Popescu, Gheorghe, Elvira Nica, Ana-Maria Iulia Santa et Ruxandra-. « The Use of Information Technology ». International Journal of Sustainable Economies Management 10, n^o 3 (juillet 2021) : 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsem.288064.

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The present article focuses on the use of information technology in education in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, analyzing the sustainability of online learning methods, as reflected in students’ attitude towards the researched topic. The paper aims to raise awareness about the importance of sustainability in education, despite challenges and changes which may occur in our society. Based on an inductive research approach, qualitative research methods (e.g. the questionnaire) are used in the present paper, according to the modern trend of using qualitative research methods in the field of economic papers. The research approach is interdisciplinary, considering aspects of economics, sociology and psychology. The research findings illustrate the fact that on a short-term basis, online learning may be implemented in universities with success, but on a long-term basis, a hybrid system based on blended learning must be designed in order to ensure sustainability in education. The research may have a social impact beyond academia, as it relates to sustainability in education

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White, Garry L., Francis A. Méndez Mediavilla et Jaymeen R. Shah. « Information Privacy ». International Journal of Information Security and Privacy 5, n^o 1 (janvier 2011) : 50–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jisp.2011010104.

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In the Web dependent world, companies must respect and protect individuals’ information privacy. Companies develop and implement corporate information privacy policies to comply with the domestic and international information privacy laws and regulations. This paper investigates: (a) the approach used by multinational and domestic companies to develop and implement corporate information privacy policies; and (b) the perception of corporate managers/professionals toward information privacy legislation and secondary use of personally identifiable information (PII) that organizations collect. A survey was conducted to collect data from corporate CEOs, managers, and technical professionals of national and multinational companies. Findings indicate the following: 1) Views regarding the practicality and effectiveness of information privacy legislations are similar for respondents from the national and multinational companies. 2) Respondents are undecided about whether the privacy laws of the United States and foreign countries are equally restrictive. 3) Multinational companies do not favor developing and implementing uniform information privacy policies or different information privacy policies across countries of operations. 4) Respondents strongly agreed that unauthorized secondary use of personal information is unacceptable.

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Perry, Mark, Allan K. Stoner et Jimmie D. Mowder. « Plant Germplasm Information Management System : Germplasm Resources Information Network ». HortScience 23, n^o 1 (février 1988) : 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.23.1.57.

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Abstract A critically important aspect of the management of genetic resources is concurrent management of information pertinent to the preserved seeds or plant materials. An effective information system should: a) aid curators of collections by providing current information on inventories, exchange activities, etc.; b) perm it germplasm users to have rapid access to botanical and horticultural information about specific accessions and thereby encourage more effective use of plant germplasm; and c) allow personnel and organizations within and between countries to coordinate activities related to germplasm collection, exchange, and maintenance.

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WEBBER, DAVID J. « Legislators' Use of Policy Information ». American Behavioral Scientist 30, n^o 6 (juillet 1987) : 612–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000276487030006006.

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Donelan, K. « Use of the Internet for Health Information and Communication ». JAMA : The Journal of the American Medical Association 290, n^o 17 (5 novembre 2003) : 2255—a—2255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.290.17.2255-b.

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Fogel, J. « Use of the Internet for Health Information and Communication ». JAMA : The Journal of the American Medical Association 290, n^o 17 (5 novembre 2003) : 2256—a—2256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.290.17.2256-b.

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Iqbal, Saima, Sana Aftab, Saema Tehseen et Rozina Mustafa. « Comparison of Fetomaternal Outcome With/Without Use of Dates in Primigravidae at Term ». Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, n^o 10 (30 octobre 2022) : 40–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22161040.

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Background: Effect of dates on pregnancy outcomes is in debate among researchers for optimum results. Aim: To compare the fetomaternal outcome with and without use of dates in primigravidae presenting at 37-38 weeks Main outcome: The outcome was measured as fetal (Apgar score at 5 min) and maternal (onset and induction of labor) parameters. Study design: Randomized controlled trial Setting: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, District Headquarter Hospital, Gujranwala Duration of study: 6 months 1st January 2020 to 30th June 2020 Methods: A total of 110 patients reporting to OPD in their first pregnancy between 18 to 35 years of age at 37 to 38 weeks were included whereas multigravidae and those with previous miscarriage were excluded. Consecutive Non Purposive Sampling technique was used and patients were randomly divided in two groups of 55 each. Group A consumed dates in late pregnancy while Group B was asked not to. Duration of first and second stage of labour and Apgar score at 5 minutes were recorded. SPSS version 21 was used to enter and analyze the data. Quantitative variables Apgar score were presented in the form of mean ± SD. Qualitative variables like spontaneous labour, need for induction and good Apgar score were presented in the form of frequency and percentage. Chi-square test was applied to compare spontaneous labour, need for induction, and good Apgar score in both groups. P-value ≤0.05 was taken as significant. Results: The mean apgar score at five minutes was 8.76±1.157. The analysis of qualitative variables showed that spontaneous labor was started in 75(68.2%) of patients and induction was required in 35 (31.8%) patients. There was successful induction in 1 (9.1%) of patients. At five minutes 101(91.8%) of neonates showed good apgar i.e. >7. Both groups were compared among each other in terms of both quantitative and qualitative variables. The onset of spontaneous labor, success of IOL and good apgar score at 5 minutes were compared among groups. The was significant difference among groups A and B in terms of these parameters except good apgar score i.e. p values of 0.008, 0.021 and 0.297 for spontaneous labor, IOL and good apgar scores Good apgar score at 5 min was not statistically significant among any stratification group. Conclusion: The consumption of dates significantly improves the fetomaternal outcomes in primigravida term pregnancies. The results should be validated in large randomized controlled trials. Keywords: Date fruit, Labour outcomes, Labour progression.

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Legerstee, Maria. « Infants use multimodal information to imitate speech sounds ». Infant Behavior and Development 13, n^o 3 (juillet 1990) : 343–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0163-6383(90)90039-b.

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Cabello, Violeta, David Romero, Ana Musicki, Ângela Guimarães Pereira et Baltasar Peñate. « Co-creating narratives for WEF nexus governance : a Quantitative Story-Telling case study in the Canary Islands ». Sustainability Science 16, n^o 4 (31 mars 2021) : 1363–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11625-021-00933-y.

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AbstractThe literature on the water–energy–food nexus has repeatedly signaled the need for transdisciplinary approaches capable of weaving the plurality of knowledge bodies involved in the governance of different resources. To fill this gap, Quantitative Story-Telling (QST) has been proposed as a science for adaptive governance approach that aims at fostering pluralistic and reflexive research processes to overcome narrow framings of water, energy, and food policies as independent domains. Yet, there are few practical applications of QST and most run on a pan-European scale. In this paper, we apply the theory of QST through a practical case study regarding non-conventional water sources as an innovation for water and agricultural governance in the Canary Islands. We present the methods mixed to mobilize different types of knowledge and analyze interconnections between water, energy, and food supply. First, we map and interview relevant knowledge holders to elicit narratives about the current and future roles of alternative water resources in the arid Canarian context. Second, we run a quantitative diagnosis of nexus interconnections related to the use of these resources for irrigation. This analysis provides feedback to the narratives in terms of constraints and uncertainties that might hamper the expectations posed on this innovation. Thirdly, the mixed analysis is used as fuel for discussion in participatory narrative assessment workshops. Our experimental QST process succeeded in co-creating new knowledge regarding the water–energy–food nexus while addressing some relational and epistemological uncertainties in the development of alternative water resources. Yet, the extent to which mainstream socio-technical imaginaries surrounding this innovation were transformed was rather limited. We conclude that the potential of QST within sustainability place-based research resides on its capacity to: (a) bridge different sources of knowledge, including local knowledge; (b) combine both qualitative and quantitative information regarding the sustainable use of local resources, and (c) co-create narratives on desirable and viable socio-technical pathways. Open questions remain as to how to effectively mobilize radically diverse knowledge systems in complex analytical exercises where everyone feels safe to participate.

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Baker, L. « Use of the Internet for Health Information and Communication--Reply ». JAMA : The Journal of the American Medical Association 290, n^o 17 (5 novembre 2003) : 2257—a—2258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.290.17.2257-b.

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Angel, Ronald, et William Gronfein. « The Use of Subjective Information in Statistical Models ». American Sociological Review 53, n^o 3 (juin 1988) : 464. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2095653.

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Alam, Mohammad Zamshed, et Md Ramiz Uddin. « Use of information and communication technologies by the farmers in receiving agricultural information ». Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries 5, n^o 1 (3 mai 2018) : 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v5i1.36549.

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The purposes of the study were to determine the extent of use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) by the farmers in receiving agricultural information in Homnaupazilla under comilla district and to explore the contribution of selected characteristics of respondents with their ICTs use in receiving agricultural information. The study was conducted in two villages namely Rampur & Madhabpur of Ghagutia union in Homnaupazilla of comilla district. Data were collected from 110 farmers by using a pre-tested interview schedule during the period from 15 January to 15 March, 2015. Appropriate scales were developed to measure the variables of the study. Descriptive statistics, multiple regression (B) tests were used for analysis. The findings revealed that highest proportion (64.5%) of the respondents’ had medium use of ICTs in receiving agricultural information compared to 13.6 % and 21.8 % having low and high use of ICTs in receiving agricultural information respectively. Education, farm size, annual family income, problem confronted in ICTs use and cosmopoliteness had significant contribution to use of ICTs and provided 51.5 percent contribution to use of ICTs in receiving agricultural information. Findings helps to conclude that educated farmer having large farm size, high annual family income and cosmopoliteness who confronts less problems use more ICTs in their farming practices. All farmers should be encouraged to use ICTs therefore, the Department of Agricultural Extension should focus on personal characteristics of the farmer when motivate them to use more ICTs for getting agricultural information’s for better farming outcome.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.5(1): 27-32, April 2018

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Shangraw, Ralph F. « How Public Managers Use Information : An Experiment Examining Choices of Computer and Printed Information ». Public Administration Review 46 (novembre 1986) : 506. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/975572.

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Preedy, D. « The theory and practical use of executive information systems ». International Journal of Information Management 10, n^o 2 (juin 1990) : 96–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0268-4012(90)90003-b.

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Frei, H. P., et D. Stieger. « The use of semantic links in hypertext information retrieval ». Information Processing & ; Management 31, n^o 1 (janvier 1995) : 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-4573(95)80002-b.

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Sharifzadeh, Maryam, Gholam Zamani, Ezatollah Hossein Karami, Davar Khalili et Arthur Tatnall. « The Iranian Wheat Growers’ Climate Information Use ». International Journal of Actor-Network Theory and Technological Innovation 4, n^o 4 (octobre 2012) : 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jantti.2012100101.

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This research project employed an interdisciplinary attempt to study agricultural climate information use, linking sociology of translation (actor-network theory) and actor analysis premises in a qualitative research design. The research method used case study approaches and purposively selected a sample consisting of wheat growers of the Fars province of Iran, who are known as contact farmers. Concepts from actor-network theory (ANT) have been found to provide a useful perspective on the description and analysis of the cases. The data were analyzed using a combination of an actor-network theory (ANT) framework and the dynamic actor-network analysis (DANA) model. The findings revealed socio political (farmers’ awareness, motivation, and trust), and information processing factors (accuracy of information, access to information, and correspondence of information to farmers’ condition) as the key elements in facilitating climate information use in farming practices.

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Abele, Andrea E., et Peter Petzold. « Pragmatic use of categorical information in impression formation. » Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 75, n^o 2 (1998) : 347–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.75.2.347.

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Ledgerwood, Alison, Cheryl J. Wakslak et Margery A. Wang. « Differential information use for near and distant decisions ». Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 46, n^o 4 (juillet 2010) : 638–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2010.03.001.

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FEICK, LAWRENCE F., ROBERT O. HERRMANN et REX H. WARLAND. « Search for Nutrition Information : A Probit Analysis of the Use of Different Information Sources ». Journal of Consumer Affairs 20, n^o 2 (décembre 1986) : 173–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6606.1986.tb00377.x.

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Keller, Arthur M., et Gio Wiederhold. « Concurrent use of B-trees with variable-length entries ». ACM SIGMOD Record 17, n^o 2 (juin 1988) : 89–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/51708.51714.

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Michener, Gregory, et Ben Worthy. « The Information-Gathering Matrix : A Framework for Conceptualizing the Use of Freedom of Information Laws ». Administration & ; Society 50, n^o 4 (29 juin 2015) : 476–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095399715590825.

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Scholarship on transparency and freedom of information (FOI) conveys an overwhelmingly “political” narrative. Most uses of FOI, however, are private and nonpolitical in nature. This article explores the gap between the literature and empirical reality by means of an “Information-Gathering Matrix,” a framework for conceptualizing the motivations, uses, and impacts associated with FOI. Following a broad literature review, case studies illustrate that while FOI uses may be multifarious and prima facie nonpolitical, at least three of the matrix’s four quadrants—from the public to the private and the political to the nonpolitical—frequently tend toward politicization.

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Lan, Zhiyong, et N. Joseph Cayer. « The Challenges of Teaching Information Technology Use and Management in a Time of Information Revolution ». American Review of Public Administration 24, n^o 2 (juin 1994) : 207–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/027507409402400206.

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Bergmann, Andreas. « Editorial : Use of accounting information by politicians ». Public Money & ; Management 42, n^o 8 (1 novembre 2022) : 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540962.2022.2126625.

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Sofronova, N. V. « Teachers' Attitudes Toward the Use of New Information Technologies ». Russian Education & ; Society 37, n^o 2 (février 1995) : 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/res1060-939337025.

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ANZAI, Daisuke, Kentaro YANAGIHARA, Kyesan LEE et Shinsuke HARA. « Use of Area Layout Information for RSSI-Based Indoor Target Tracking Methods ». IEICE Transactions on Communications E94-B, n^o 7 (2011) : 1924–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transcom.e94.b.1924.

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Kooli, Kaouther, Nektarios Tzempelikos, Pantea Foroudi et Seif Mazahreh. « What Drives B-To-B Marketers in Emerging Countries to Use Social Media Sites ? » Journal of Business-to-Business Marketing 26, n^o 3-4 (9 mai 2019) : 245–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1051712x.2019.1611078.

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Metoyer-Duran, Cheryl. « Native American library and information services ». Government Information Quarterly 9, n^o 3 (janvier 1992) : 359–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0740-624x(92)90012-b.

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Singh, Rajesh, et Shailendra Kumar. « Information Literacy Competency Level of Social Science Researchers with Respect to Information Use Ethics A Study ». DESIDOC Journal of Library & ; Information Technology 39, n^o 2 (12 mars 2019) : 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/djlit.39.2.13507.

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Assessment of information literacy competency (ILC) is a process and method to find out whether a person possesses ILC and if so, to what level. The present study is an attempt to gauge the ILC level of social science researchers with respect to information use ethics. On the competency scale overall 79.62 per cent of the respondents, consisting maximum 16.54 per cent from economics followed by 15 per cent from political science, 13.08 per cent from history, 12.69 per cent from sociology, 11.35 per cent from law and 10.96 per cent from geography, were found competent in information literacy (IL) to use information ethically and legally. The rest 20.38 per cent of the respondents, consisting of maximum 4.42 per cent respondents from law 4.04 per cent from geography, 3.46 per cent from history, political science and sociology and minimum of 1.54 per cent from economics were found lacking competency in information literacy to use information ethically and legally. IL skills to deal with information abundance and manage information in the ICT age having multiple similarity detection software and stringent legal provisions are highly important. The study findings have clearly established that a good part of researchers are far behind competency level and possess only baseline or below IL skills on ‘Information Use Ethics’. The findings are supposed to be of great help to all the stakeholders to plan, organise and participate in various information literacy activities and ultimately enhance the ILC of researchers on ‘information use ethics’.

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Abuhammad, Sawsan, et Hamza Ababneh. « Nurses’ knowledge, motivation, behaviors, and information sources on antibiotic use and resistance in Jordan ». Electronic Journal of General Medicine 20, n^o 1 (1 janvier 2023) : em423. http://dx.doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/12571.

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<b>Aim:</b> This study aims to examine the nurse knowledge, motivation, and behavior about antibiotics and antibiotic resistance. A secondary objective was to study the preferred information sources used by Jordanian nurses, as well as their knowledge of the information available to promote rational prescription practices in the Jordanian health system.<b> </b><br /> <b>Method: </b>The study was cross-sectional in design and nurses (n=1,093) completed an online survey using Google Forms. Participation in the study was completely optional, and participants were free to drop out at any point. During the months of February-May 2022, nurses were asked to participate in a survey<br /> <b>Results:</b> The study found 48.2% of nurses given prescribed antibiotics to the patients daily or multiple times a day in the preceding week; 13.3% of nurses provided support on daily or more frequent antibacterial drugs use or infection management. The reason for not giving advice regarding antibiotics were no leaflet regarding the use of the antibiotics (42.3%) and the patients do not get attention for the information (30.4%).<br /> <b>Conclusion:</b> In conclusion, the findings of this study show that public health actions are needed (e.g., educational or communication campaigns). Nurses must be educated on the proper use of antibiotics and the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic stewardship can benefit from the findings, which can be used to develop interventions aimed at improving antibiotic usage.

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Adesina, Evaristus, Olusola Oyero, Nelson Okorie, Lanre Amodu, Oladokun Omojola et Babatunde Adeyeye. « Information Use and Knowledge of HIV/Hepatitis B Co-Infection in Lagos, Nigeria ». Health 11, n^o 06 (2019) : 671–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/health.2019.116056.

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Hicks, Kevin E., et Michael S. Wogalter. « Beliefs and Potential Use of Prescription Drug Information Sources ». Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 46, n^o 16 (septembre 2002) : 1496–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120204601619.

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In recent years consumers are taking more interest in their health care, including having interest in the prescription drugs they take. This research examined people's beliefs and perceptions about using nine sources of prescription drug information. The sources investigated were: (a) physician, (b) pharmacist, (c) family or friend, (d) manufacturer's web site, (e) second-party web sites, (f) medical reference book, (g) manufacturer's consumer phone number, (h) print ads, and (i) television ads. Two hundred thirteen persons were asked to make ratings of these sources according to (1) the likelihood that they would use each source, (2) perceived ease of use to obtain information from each source, and (3) how complete the information would be in providing prescription drug information. The results indicate that the pharmacist and physician sources were in general given significantly higher ratings across all of three dimensions than all the other sources. The two next highly rated sources were family or friend and manufacturer's web site. Television and print ads were rated the lowest among all of the sources. Implications of these results are discussed with emphasis on the Internet as a growing source of prescription drug information.

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