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Articles de revues sur le sujet "AZ. None of these, but in this section"
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Mori, Graziela Garrido, Ivaldo Gomes de Moraes, Daniele Clapes Nunes, Lithiene Ribeiro Castilho et Wilson Roberto Poi. « Biocompatibility of acetazolamide pastes in the subcutaneous tissue of rats ». Brazilian Dental Journal 20, no 1 (2009) : 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402009000100002.
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This aim of this study was to investigate the biocompatibility of two experimental acetazolamide (AZ)-based pastes in the subcutaneous tissue of rats. Both pastes contained AZ as the main component in similar concentration. The vehicle in experimental paste 1 was saline, while experimental paste 2 was prepared with propylene glycol. Sixty polyethylene tubes were sealed at one end with gutta-percha (GP), which served as a control. Half of the tubes were filled with paste 1 and half with paste 2. The tubes were implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of 15 rats, being 4 tubes for each animal. The animals were killed 7, 15 and 45 days after surgery and the specimens were processed in laboratory. The histological sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and were analyzed by light microscopy. Scores were assigned to level of inflammatory process: 1- none; 2- mild; 3- moderate; 4- severe. The data were analyzed statistically by the Kruskal-Wallis test (p≤0.05). Paste 1 produced an inflammatory process at 7 days. However, the intensity of this inflammation decreased with time and was nearly absent at 45 days. No statistically significant difference (p>0.05) was observed between the control (GP) and paste 1. However, paste 2 produced inflammatory response at all study periods and differed significantly (p<0.05) from the control. In conclusion, in the present study, the experimental AZ-based paste 1 was considered as biocompatible as the control matrial (GP), while experimental paste 2 was irritating to rat subcutaneous tissue.
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Patel, Raina A., Imran Ahmad, Christine E. Sheehan, Jeffrey S. Ross, George D. Wilner, Alida Hayner-Buchan et Tipu Nazeer. « Expression of Phosphorylated mTOR (p-mTOR) Correlates with Advanced Stage in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphomas. » Blood 110, no 11 (16 novembre 2007) : 1573. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.1573.1573.
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Abstract Background: The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), plays a major role in regulating cell growth. The activated form of mTOR (phosphorylated mTOR) mediates its effects through mitogen and nutrient dependant signal transduction that regulates mRNA translation. Levels of phosphorylated mTOR (p-mTOR) have been shown to correlate with cell proliferation and inhibition of the mTOR pathway has shown therapeutic promise in some tumors. Information on the role of p-mTOR in hematopoietic malignancies is limited. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the expression of p-mTOR in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. Design: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 45 DLBCLs were immunostained by an automated method (Ventana Medical Systems, Inc., Tucson, AZ) using p-mTOR rabbit monoclonal antibody (IHC specific Ser2448/49F9; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc., Danvers, MA). Immunoreactivity (cytoplasmic with membranous accentuation) was semiquantitatively assessed based on p-mTOR stain intensity (none, weak, moderate, intense) and distribution (none, focal<10%, regional 11–50%, diffuse>50%). Staining was correlated with histologic and prognostic factors. Results: Membranous/cytoplasmic p-mTOR immunoreactivity was present in 88% of DLBCLs and correlated with advanced tumor stage, with 100% advanced stage versus 73% low stage tumors expressing membranous/cytoplasmic p-mTOR protein (p=0.002). One hundred percent of cases with complete absence of p-mTOR immunoreactivity were low stage DLBCLs. Conclusion: Membranous/cytoplasmic protein expression of p-mTOR correlates with advanced stage in DLBCL. Activated mTOR may play an important role in disease progression and provide a target for therapy in DLBCL. Further studies of the m-TOR pathway in hematopoietic malignancies appear warranted.
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Ateyah, Nasrien Z., et Ahmed A. Elhejazi. « Shear Bond Strengths and Microleakage of Four Types of Dentin Adhesive Materials ». Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 5, no 1 (2004) : 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jcdp-5-1-63.
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Abstract The aim of this investigation was to compare the microleakage of composite resin (Z-100) and shear bond strength to bovine dentin using different types of adhesive systems (Scotch Bond Multi-Purpose, All-Bond 2, One-Step, and Perma Quick) to compare and correlate microleakage to shear bond strength. For the microleakage aspect of the study, 20 class V were prepared (bovine incisors) with 90-degree cavosurface margins and were located at the cemento-enamel junction using a template. Each dentin bonding system was applied to five cavities following the manufacturer's instructions and restored with Z-100 composite resin. After 24 hours of storage in distilled water at 37°C, the teeth were immersed in 2% basic fuchsin dye. All teeth were sectioned in a mesiodistal direction using a diamond saw, and each section was then inspected under a stereomacroscope. For the shear bond strength aspect of the study, 20 bovine incisors were centrally horizontally mounted in Teflon mold with cold cure acrylic resin. Flat labial dentin surfaces were prepared using different grit silicon carbide abrasive wheels. Five specimens were used for each of the bonding agent systems. Each specimen was bonded with restorative composite resin (Z-100) and applied to the treated dentinal surface through a split Teflon mold. All specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours. The bonds were stressed using shear forces at a crosshead speed of 0.5mm/min using an Instron Universal testing machine. Findings indicate none of the systems tested in this study were free from microleakage. Scotch bond multipurpose achieved the best seal, with One-Step being second best, while All-Bond 2 and Perma Quick had the poorest seal. However, there were significant differences among the shear bond strengths of the four bonding systems tested. Scotch Bond Multi-Purpose has a higher bond strength to composite resin when compared to the other dentin adhesives. The study also concluded there is no association between microleakage and shear bond strength. Citation Ateyah AZ, Elhejazi AA. Shear Bond Strengths and Microleakage of Four Types of Dentin Adhesive Materials. J Contemp Dent Pract 2004 February;(5)1:063-073.
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Marcath, Lauren A., Taylor D. Coe, Bruce G. Redman et Daniel Louis Hertz. « Development of a drug-drug interaction screening tool for oncology clinical trial enrollment. » Journal of Clinical Oncology 36, no 30_suppl (20 octobre 2018) : 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2018.36.30_suppl.315.
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315 Background: Screening drug-drug interactions (DDI) for subjects enrolling in oncology clinical trials is critical to ensuring patient safety and the validity of clinical trial data. We previously reported that DDI screening is not uniformly conducted when screening patients for enrollment into SWOG clinical trials and found that at the University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center up to 24.2% of subjects enrolled in National Clinical Trial Network (NCTN) trials had a DDI. Screening tools aid in DDI reduction in clinical practice, but none have been created for clinical trial enrollment. Our objective was to develop a clinical trial specific DDI screening tool based on features requested by the end-users of the tool at U-M. Methods: Semi-structured and informal interviews were conducted with all data managers who enroll patients into NCTN clinical trials at the U-M cancer center. Data managers were asked about their current workflow and desired features of a DDI screening tool. Responses were combined and reviewed for feasibility. Desired features were conveyed to PEPID, LLC (Phoenix, AZ) for tool development. Results: Four data managers were interviewed. Protocol-guided screening was a key workflow feature, which was completed by gathering DDI information primarily from the exclusion criteria and drug information sections of each respective protocol, Google, CredibleMeds, and the Indiana University P450 Drug Interaction Table. Consequently, a critical feature was the display of drug characteristics with wording that aligned with that in the protocol including transporter and CYP450 substrates, inhibitors, or inducers and QT prolongation potential. Additional desirable features included separate entry of study and concomitant drugs, filtering to display only DDI with study drugs, and PDF export of results. PEPID developed a prototype tool including these desired attributes for a prospective implementation pilot study. Conclusions: A first generation clinical trial specific DDI screening tool was developed based on end-user feedback. We are designing a prospective study to determine whether implementation of this tool can reduce DDI, enhance patient safety, and ensure validity of clinical trial data.
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Papp, Zoltán, István Petri, Erzsébet Villányi, László Tiszlavicz et Gyula Ugocsai. « Deciduosis causing perforating appendicitis in the early postpartum period following caesarean section ». Orvosi Hetilap 149, no 7 (1 février 2008) : 329–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2008.28227.
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A szerzők közleményükben egy 29 éves, először terhes, először szülő asszony kórtörténetét ismertetik, akinél a terhesség 39. hetében akut intrauterin magzati distress (köldökzsinór-szövődmény) miatt császármetszés, majd az 5. posztoperatív napon gangraneas, perforált appendix eltávolítása történt. A féregnyúlvány hisztológiai vizsgálata a bélfalat teljes vastagságában érintő „agresszív” deciduosist írt le. Közleményükben kitérnek a ritka kórkép tanulságaira. Az esetismertetés az első olyan magyar nyelvű közlemény, amelyben az appendixre lokalizálódó deciduosisról számolnak be, és egyben az első nemzetközi publikáció is, melyben császármetszést követően kialakult deciduosis okozta appendicitis miatt appendectomiára került sor.
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Fischer, Tamás. « Vascular endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress – a new topic within the referal section of Orvosi Hetilap ». Orvosi Hetilap 149, no 28 (1 juillet 2008) : 1323–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2008.28402.
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A szerző a folyóirat-referáló rovat „Érendothel-funkciózavar, oxidatív stressz” tárgykörrel való bővítésének fontosságát szakmailag – a téma nagyságára való tekintettel – néhány önkényesen kiemelt kérdéskör kibontásával támasztja alá: Az endothelium a belső környezet állandóságát, integritását vigyázza, azt különböző anyagok termelésével-elválasztásával, azoknak egyensúlyban tartásával biztosítja. Ha az erek belfelületét, intimáját érő mechanikai, fizikai, kémiai, mikrobiológiai, immunológiai, genetikai károsító téyezők – vagy azok valamelyikének kombinációja – ellen foganatosított válaszreakció folyamán megbomlik az egyensúly az endothelium termelte vasoconstrictorok és vasodilatatorok, a növekedési faktorok és azok gátlói, a proinflammátorok és antiinflammátorok, a protrombotikus és fibrinolitikus tényezők között, endothel-működészavarról beszélünk. Az idült érbetegség, az atherosclerosis indító eseménye az erek hatalmas belfelületén, az endothelsejtekben megy végbe, ezt nevezzük endotheldiszfunkciónak . Az érpatogén tényezők, a rizikófaktorok mindegyike endothel-működészavar , endotheldiszfunkció indukálásával vezet idült (cardio)vascularis megbetegedéshez. Az élettani oxidatív metabolizmus során végbemenő fiziológiás szabad gyökös folyamatok – a védekező-kompenzáló endogén antioxidatív faktorok kimerülésekor – oxidatív stresszt , a veszélyeztető tényezők okozta endothel-működészavart okoznak. Nyomatékosan kiemelendő a „kauzális”, intracellulárisan, mitokondriálisan ható antioxidánsok (sztatinok, angiotenzinkonvertálóenzim-gátlók, angiotenzinreceptor-blokkolók, acetilszalicilsav, a harmadik generációs béta-blokkolók) terápiás, preventív terápiás fontossága, a humán érrendszer élettani, kórélettani, terápiás konszubsztancialitásának, egylényegűségének és az endotheldiszfunkció szisztémás jellegének, az érrendszeri eseményláncolat preventív terápiás jelentőségének kulcsfontossága. Az oxidatív stressz, a konszekutív endotheldiszfunkció területén végbement hatalmas fejlődés a klinikai látásmódot alapjaiban átalakító momentum.
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Judit, Szigeti, Csányi Viktor et Rózsa Zoltán. « Régészeti Adatok Az Árpád-Kor Kerámiaművességéhez : Székkutas, Sós-Halmi-Dűlő ». Archaeologiai Értesítő 145, no 1 (22 décembre 2020) : 157–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/0208.2020.00007.
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Tanulmányunkban egy 2014–15 folyamán, Székkutason (Csongrád megye) feltárt Árpád-kori településrészlet házaiból előkerült kerámiaanyag feldolgozásának eredményeit mutatjuk be, adalékkal szolgálva a 12. századi kerámiakutatás adataihoz.Presented here are the results of the assessment of the pottery finds from the houses of an Árpádian Age settlement, a section of which was uncovered at Székkutas (County Csongrád) in 2014–2015, which can contribute to studies on 12th-century pottery.
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Jung, Young-Dae, et Soo-Yong Rhee. « Photorecombination of Electrons in Dense Plasmas ». Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 55, no 3-4 (1 avril 2000) : 457–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2000-3-413.
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Abstract The plasma screening effect on the photorecombination of free electrons, with ions in a weakly plas-ma is investigated. The recombination cross section is obtained by the principle of detailed balance with the photoionization cross section of the hydrogenic ion including the plasma screening effects on the bound and continuum states of the electron. It is found that the plasma screening effects on the recom-bination cross section are less than 11% when the Debye length (Λ) is greater than ten times of the Bohr radius (az) of the hydrogenic ion with nuclear charge Z
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Varga, József, Gyöngyi Bánkuti, Ádám Csuvár et Tekla Sebestyénné Szép. « MEW és az ISEW alternatív gazdasági mutatók elméleti áttekintése ». Acta Scientiarum Socialium, no 49 (28 novembre 2019) : 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33566/asc.2527.
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In our publication we focus on the economic well-being indicators that can be good substitutes or alternatives of the gross domestic product. After the brief overview of the often mentioned weaknesses and mistakes of GDP, we present the Measure of Economic Welfare (MEW) and the Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare (ISEW). We summarize that albeit there are more than enough indicators, none of them is so widely accepted as GDP. It is not clear yet which one(s) will replace it in its role. The study was created for the Economics Seminar of Kaposvár (KAKTUSZ) which is organized annually by the Kaposvár University. Another research team of the environmental economics session of KAKTUSZ 2016 undertakes to demonstrate other alternative economic indicators in the article titled "Theoretical overview of the GPI, the SNBI and the HDI alternative economic indicators" by Csuvár et al. (2018).
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Buglio, Daniela, Sangeetha Palakurti, Francisco Vega, Sattva S. Neelapu, Donald Berry, Yuan Ji, Kate Byth et Anas Younes. « Inhibition of Tak-1 by AZ-Tak1 Impairs NF-κB Activation, Downregulates XIAP and Activates Caspase-9 Inducing Apoptosis In Mantle Cell lymphoma ». Blood 116, no 21 (19 novembre 2010) : 2852. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.2852.2852.
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Abstract Abstract 2852 TGF-b-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK) family, plays a key role in regulating inflammation, immunity, metabolism, and cell death in a variety of cell types. It is activated in response to a variety of cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF), TGF-b, and interleukin 1 (IL-1). Upon receptor binding, TAK1 binds to adaptor proteins, and subsequently phosphorylate downstream molecules leading to activation of p38MAPK, JNK, and NF-kB. In this study, we examined the expression pattern of TAK1 and its potential therapeutic role as a target for lymphoma. First, we examined TAK1 expression in a panel of lymphoid cell lines by western blot, and found it to be highly expressed in mantle cell lymphoma cell lines (Mino, SP53, and Jeko-1). In contrast, PBL from healthy donors had no expression of TAK1 protein. TAK1 was also highly expressed in primary lymph node sections of MCL compared with benign reactive lymph nodes. Subsequently, we investigated the in vitro activity of the novel TAK1 small molecule inhibitor AZ-Tak1 in these cell lines. AZ-Tak1 is a potent and a relatively selective inhibitor of TAK1 kinase activity, with an IC50 of 0.009 mM. AZ-Tak1 treatment decreased the level of p38 and ERK in mantle cell lymphoma cells, and induced apoptosis in a dose and time dependent manner, with an IC50 of 0.1–0.5 mM. Using the annexin-V and PI staining and FACS analysis, After 48 hours of incubation, AZ-Tak1 (0.1 mM) induced apoptosis in 28%, 34% and 86% of Mino, SP53, and Jeko cells, respectively, which was increased to 32%, 42%, and 86% when 0.5 mM concentration was used. Similar activity was also observed when TAK1 expression in MCL cells was downregulated by TAK1- specific SiRNA and when primary mantle cell lymphoma specimens were examined after treatment with AZ-Tak1 for 24h (300nM). Using pathway-specific protein arrays focusing on apoptosis, kinases, and transcription factors, AZ-Tak1 (0.5 mM) altered the level of several proteins that regulate cell growth and survival, especially members of the inhibitors of apoptosis (IAP) family. Specifically, nuclear NF-κB p65 levels were decreased, cytosolic levels of SMAC/DIABLO and cytochrome-C were increased in AZ-Tak1 treated cells, which were associated with a decrease in the level of the anti-apoptotic protein X-linked IAP (XIAP) and activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway as evident by activation of caspase 9, cleavage of caspase 3, and consequent cells apoptosis. Collectively, our data demonstrate that TAK1 is essential for MAPK and NF-κB activation. Inhibition of TAK1 by the small molecule inhibitor AZ-Tak1 or TAK1-SiRNA induces cell death in mantle cell lymphoma by activating the intrinsic apoptosis pathway, suggesting that targeting TAK1 may have a therapeutic value for the treatment of mantle cell lymphoma. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Thèses sur le sujet "AZ. None of these, but in this section"
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Zurita, Sánchez Juan Manuel. « El paradigma otletiano como base de un modelo para la organización y difusión del conocimiento científico ». Thesis, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 2001. http://eprints.rclis.org/6752/1/tesina._juan_manuel_zurita.pdf.
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Ebenezer, Catherine. « “Access denied” ? Barriers for staff accessing, using and sharing published information online within the National Health Service (NHS) in England : technology, risk, culture, policy and practice ». Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2017. http://eprints.rclis.org/32585/1/CME%20thesis%20v4.0%20White%20Rose%20final%20single%20volume.pdf.
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The overall aim of the study was to investigate barriers to online professional information seeking, use and sharing occurring within the NHS in England, their possible effects (upon education, working practices, working lives and clinical and organisational effectiveness), and possible explanatory or causative factors.
The investigation adopted a qualitative case study approach, using semi-structured interviews and documentary analysis as its methods, with three NHS Trusts of different types (acute - district general hospital, mental health / community, acute – teaching) as the nested sites of data collection. It aimed to be both exploratory and explanatory. A stratified sample of participants, including representatives of professions whose perspectives were deemed to be relevant, and clinicians with educational or staff development responsibilities, was recruited for each Trust. Three non-Trust specialists (the product manager of a secure web gateway vendor, an academic e-learning specialist, and the senior manager at NICE responsible for the NHS Evidence electronic content and web platform) were also interviewed. Policy documents, statistics, strategies, reports and quality accounts for the Trusts were obtained via public websites, from participants or via Freedom of Information requests. Thematic analysis following the approach of Braun and Clarke (2006) was adopted as the analytic method for both interviews and documents. The key themes of the results that emerged are presented: barriers to accessing and using information, education and training, professional cultures and norms, information governance and security, and communications policy.
The findings are discussed under three main headings: power, culture, trust and risk in information security; use and regulation of Web 2.0 and social media, and the system of professions. It became evident that the roots of problems with access to and use of such information lay deep within the culture and organisational characteristics of the NHS and its use of IT. A possible model is presented to explain the interaction of the various technical and organisational factors that were identified as relevant. A number of policy recommendations are put forward to improve access to published information at Trust level, as well as recommendations for further research.
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Boyer, Sebastien. « Dans le cadre du nouveau cycle de combustible $^(232)$Th/$^(233)$U, determination de la section efficace de capture radiative $^(233)$Pa(n,$\gamma$) pour des energies de neutrons comprises entre 0 et 1 MeV ». Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009062.
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Dans l'optique d'un developpement durable du nucleaire, un des themes de recherche du CNRS dicte par la loi Bataille de 1991, est l'etude d'une nouvelle filiere nucleaire utilisant un combustible a base de minerai de thorium ($^(232)$Th) ou le noyau fissile est l'$^(233)$U. Le principal interet de ce type de combustible reside dans sa particularite de produire les dechets transuraniens en beaucoup plus faible quantite que les reacteurs a eau pressurisee actuels. Cependant certaines donnees nucleaires importantes concernant cette nouvelle filiere sont tres mal connues comme par exemple celles relatives au noyau charniere protactinium 233 ($^(233)$Pa). Sa periode de 27 jours lui confere un role particulier dans le cycle mais en raison de sa trop forte activite l'etude de ce noyau releve du defi experimental. Pour contourner cette difficulte, la probabilite d'emission de rayonnements gamma dans la reaction induite par neutrons $^(233)$Pa(n,$\gamma$) entre 0 et 1 MeV d'energie neutron a ete determinee a partir de la reaction transfert $^(232)Th(^(3)He,p)^(234)Pa*$. Le dispositif de mesure permettait d'identifier la particule de sortie signant ainsi la voie de reaction tandis que des scintillateurs de type C$_(6)$D$_(6)$ permettaient la detection en coincidence des rayonnements gamma emis. La methode d'analyse des evenements gamma a necessite la ponderation des spectres de photons par des fonctions mathematiques calculees dites "fonctions de poids". leurs determinations requierent neanmoins une connaissance parfaite du comportement des scintillateurs (efficacite, fonctions de reponse) dans la geometrie choisie. Pour ce faire, une etude preliminaire a ete realisee a l'aide de sources gamma et avec des reactions induites par protons sur des noyaux legers. Les simulations utilisant le code de transport MCNP ont ete validees par des resultats experimentaux.
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Park, Allison M. « Comparing the Cognitive Demand of Traditional and Reform Algebra 1 Textbooks ». Scholarship @ Claremont, 2011. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/hmc_theses/9.
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Research has shown that students achieved higher standardized test scores in mathematics and gained more positive attitudes towards mathematics after learning from reform curricula. Because these studies involve actual students and teachers, there are classroom variables that are involved in these findings (Silver and Stein, 1996; Stein et al., 1996). To understand how much these curricula by themselves contribute to higher test scores, I have studied the cognitive demand of tasks in two traditional and two reform curricula. This work required the creation of a scale to categorize tasks based on their level of cognitive demand. This scale relates to those by Stein, Schoenfeld, and Bloom. Based on this task analysis, I have found that more tasks in the reform curricula require higher cognitive demand than tasks in the traditional curricula. These findings confirm other results that posing tasks with higher cognitive demand to students can lead to higher student achievement.
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Cho, Karina Elle. « Enhancing the Quandle Coloring Invariant for Knots and Links ». Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/hmc_theses/228.
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Quandles, which are algebraic structures related to knots, can be used to color knot diagrams, and the number of these colorings is called the quandle coloring invariant. We strengthen the quandle coloring invariant by considering a graph structure on the space of quandle colorings of a knot, and we call our graph the quandle coloring quiver. This structure is a categorification of the quandle coloring invariant. Then, we strengthen the quiver by decorating it with Boltzmann weights. Explicit examples of links that show that our enhancements are proper are provided, as well as background information in quandle theory.
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Mebane, Palmer. « Uniquely Solvable Puzzles and Fast Matrix Multiplication ». Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/hmc_theses/37.
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In 2003 Cohn and Umans introduced a new group-theoretic framework for doing fast matrix multiplications, with several conjectures that would imply the matrix multiplication exponent $\omega$ is 2. Their methods have been used to match one of the fastest known algorithms by Coppersmith and Winograd, which runs in $O(n^{2.376})$ time and implies that $\omega \leq 2.376$. This thesis discusses the framework that Cohn and Umans came up with and presents some new results in constructing combinatorial objects called uniquely solvable puzzles that were introduced in a 2005 follow-up paper, and which play a crucial role in one of the $\omega = 2$ conjectures.
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Lubisco, Nídia Maria Lienert. « La evaluación en la biblioteca universitaria brasileña : evolución y propuesta de mejora ». Thesis, Universidad Carlos III De Madrid, 2007. http://eprints.rclis.org/12225/1/tesisnidia.pdf.
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This thesis examines the evolution of the evaluation of the university library in Brazil. At present, the only applicable system takes place in the evaluation of academic by the Ministry of Education, through the National Institute for Studies and Research Educacionais Anísio Teixeira (INEP), the entity responsible for coordinating and implementing the process of evaluating the entire education system in Brazil. The starting point for addressing this investigation were the results of a case study developed at the Federal University of Bahia in 2001, under the assumption that the Ministry did not have criteria and appropriate instruments to reflect the library's role as a resource for educational qualifications. The review of the literature relevant Brazilian, British and Spanish regarding the subject, especially regarding experience with the Spanish University Libraries Network (REBIUN), were essential to know the trends and the state of affairs. It also took out a field work through questionnaires in 7 countries and 31 Latin American universities, in order to ascertain the current status of evaluation systems used in that region. The low response rate, about 50% of institutions surveyed, this was offset by the work of the Symposium on Electronic Library evaluator and Quality (Sociedad Argentina de report, 2002), an event of great significance to who came over 450 librarians and teachers. This initiative helped develop a comparative study that served to place the Brazilian reality and take into account the most similar case mix. All this enabled comply with the overall objective of this thesis: develop a model to evaluate university libraries in Brazil, from the state of affairs of the university library and Brazilian experiences located in Latin American countries. That model se basa en el Instrument INEP (2006), but its content is raised, taking into account different jobs: performance indicators for assessing the university library, REBIUN (2000), one of the documents PNBU, prepared Romcy by Maria Carmen de Carvalho (1995), Standards for university libraries in Chile (2001) and methodological guide for evaluating the libraries of institutions of higher education (Mexico, 2000). The final claim is that the Brazilian Ministry has a more comprehensive evaluation system, to be implemented and improved according to the data you make and, in turn, could be to build a bank of information management and a system of indicators performance.
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Moreira, Walter. « A construção de informações documentárias : aportes da linguística documentária, da terminologia e das ontologias ». Thesis, Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://eprints.rclis.org/17437/1/TeseFinalRevisada_05Jul2010.pdf.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Investigates theoretical and practical interfaces between terminology, philosophical
ontology, computational ontology and documentary linguistics and the subsidies that they offer for the construction of documentary information. It was established as specific objectives, the analysis of the production, development, implementation and use of ontologies based on the information science theories, the research on the contribution of ontologies for the development of thesauri and vice versa and the discussion of the philosophical foundation of the application of ontologies based on the study of ontological categories present in classical philosophy and in the contemporary proposals. It argues that the understanding of ontologies through the communicative theory of terminology contributes to the organization of a less quantitative access (syntactic) and more qualitative (semantic) of information. Notes that, in spite of sharing some common goals, there is little dialogue between the information science (and, inside it, the documentary linguistics) and computer science. It argues that the computational and philosophical ontologies are not
completely independent events, which have among themselves only the similarity of name,
and notes that the discussion of categories and categorization in computer science, does not always have the emphasis it receives in information science in studies on knowledge
representation. The approach of Deleuze and Guattari's rhizome, was treated as instigator of reflections on the validity of the hierarchical tree model structure and the possibilities of its expansion. It concludes that the construction of ontologies can not ignore the terminological
and conceptual analysis, as it's understood by the terminology and by the information
science accumulated in the theoretical and methodological basis for the construction of
indexing languages and, on the other hand, the construction of flexible indexing languages can not ignore the representational model of ontologies which are more capable for formalization and interoperability.
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Ollendorff, Christine. « Construction d'un diagnostic complexe d'une bibliothèque académique ». Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure d'arts et métiers - ENSAM, 1999. http://eprints.rclis.org/11682/1/These-co.pdf.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In the first part, we studies academic libraries whose founding principles are change with the information society. The library manager looks for the best ways to lead a library. Evaluation and management tools on libraries are sources of insatisfactions because of the lack of a holistic vision of libraries they give. Constructivist approaches of management seems an alternative way to help library managers in designing a strategic vision of these organizations. In the second part, we build a modelization project with complex systems modelization of Jean-Louis Le Moigne and soft systems methodology of Peter Checkland. French academic libraries constitute our research field in which we use participant observations and staff and managers interviews. Our system is made up of the academic library in the vision of it leader. We build a three phase diagnostic. With the first phase, the manager can observ services supply as a three axes system which evolves with technologies, materials and humans means and bibliotheconomic knowledge. The second phase studies the informational system with environmental and flow observations. The third phase studies the decisional system, looking for its organization, ist internal information circulation and its decisional processes. This diagnostic is in continuous construction. It works in the library management continuity and is not the first step of a strategic planning. We use the diagnostic in five libraries. Results show modelization supply with the creation of evolving, transposable and learning models.
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Zurita, Sánchez Juan Manuel. « El paradigma otletiano como base de un modelo para la organización y difusión del conocimiento científico ». Thesis, 2001. http://eprints.rclis.org/8215/1/paradigma_otletiano.pdf.
Texte intégralLivres sur le sujet "AZ. None of these, but in this section"
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Pallai, Péter. A szabadság hullámhosszán : Az 1956-os magyar forradalom története a BBC elmondásában. [Budapest] : Helikon, 2006.
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Csernyák, Mariann Natália, Katalin Janák et Anikó Zalánné Olbrich. Az Élethosszig tartó tanulás : Lifelong learning / [compiled by Living Standards and Human Resources Statistics Department, Cultural Statistics Section of HCSO ; contribtions by, Csernyák Mariann Natália, Janák Katalin, Zalánné Olbrich Anikó]. Budapest : Központi Statisztikai Hivatal, 2004.
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ʻAwfī, Muḥammad. Javāmiʻ al-ḥikāyāt va lavāmiʻ al-rivāyāt : Bāb-i panjum az qism-i avval dar z̲ikr-i tārīkh-i khulafā va bayān-i maʼas̲ir-i īshān = Djawāmiʻul- hikāyāt (section on the caliphs). Tihrān : Markaz-i Nashr-i Dānishgāhī, 1987.
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Mathematics of probability. Providence, Rhode Island : American Mathematical Society, 2013.
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1949-, Libgober A. (Anatoly), Cogolludo-Agustín José Ignacio et Hironaka Eriko 1962-, dir. Topology of algebraic varieties and singularities : Conference in honor of Anatoly Libgober's 60th birthday, June 22-26, 2009, Jaca, Huesca, Spain. Providence, R.I : American Mathematical Society, 2011.
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Center for Mathematics at Notre Dame et American Mathematical Society, dir. Toplogy and field theories : Center for Mathematics at Notre Dame, Center for Mathematics at Notre Dame : summer school and conference, Topology and field theories, May 29-June 8, 2012, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana. Providence, Rhode Island : American Mathematical Society, 2014.
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Ahmed, S. E. (Syed Ejaz), 1957- editor of compilation, dir. Perspectives on big data analysis : Methodologies and applications : International Workshop on Perspectives on High-Dimensional Data Anlaysis II, May 30-June 1, 2012, Centre de Recherches Mathématiques, University de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada. Providence, Rhode Island : American Mathematical Society, 2014.
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Riemann surfaces by way of complex analytic geometry. Providence, R.I : American Mathematical Society, 2011.
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Conference Board of the Mathematical Sciences et National Science Foundation (U.S.), dir. Lectures on the energy critical nonlinear wave equation. Providence, Rhode Island : Published for the Conference Board of the Mathematical Sciences by the American Mathematical Society, with support from the National Science Foundation, 2015.
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The ultimate challenge : The 3x+1 problem. Providence, R.I : American Mathematical Society, 2010.
Trouver le texte intégralChapitres de livres sur le sujet "AZ. None of these, but in this section"
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Smithies, Declan. « Luminosity ». Dans The Epistemic Role of Consciousness, 345–79. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199917662.003.0011.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Chapter 11 defends the thesis that some phenomenal and epistemic conditions are luminous in the sense that you’re always in a position to know whether or not they obtain. Section 11.1 draws a distinction between epistemic and doxastic senses of luminosity and argues that some conditions are epistemically luminous even if none are doxastically luminous. Section 11.2 uses this distinction in solving Ernest Sosa’s version of the problem of the speckled hen. The same distinction is applied to Timothy Williamson’s anti-luminosity argument in section 11.3, his argument against epistemic iteration principles in section 11.4, and his argument for improbable knowing in section 11.5. Section 11.6 concludes by explaining why this defense of luminosity is not merely a pointless compromise.
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« Literary Selections ». Dans Roots of the Black Chicago Renaissance, sous la direction de Richard A. Courage et Christopher Robert Reed, 245. University of Illinois Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252043055.003.0013.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Editors’ Note: Our study concludes with a section comprising three literary selections that we intend to break new ground for a scholarly collection. None of the selections is a conventional academic essay, each belongs to a different genre of writing, and each amplifies the light already shone on the roots of the Black Chicago Renaissance....
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Phillips, David. « The Critique of Common-Sense Morality (Methods III.I–III.XI) ». Dans Sidgwick's The Methods of Ethics, 96–119. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197539613.003.0006.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This chapter focuses on The Methods of Ethics, Book III, Chapters I through XI. Its topic is Sidgwick’s critique of the theory he calls “common-sense morality” or “dogmatic intuitionism.” The first section introduces this theory, noting problems with both Sidgwick’s names for it. The second section discusses the project of Chapters I through XI, making the principles of common-sense morality clear and precise. The third section introduces the four conditions Sidgwick uses to test putative axioms. The fourth section outlines his argument that none of the principles of common-sense morality satisfy the four conditions, focusing on the example of promissory obligation. The fifth section considers two responses: defending absolutist deontology, and moving to moderate deontology by introducing, as W. D. Ross does, the concept of prima facie duty. The final section raises questions about the fairness of Sidgwick’s critique.
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Collins, Richard B., Dale A. Oesterle et Lawrence Friedman. « Schedule ». Dans The Colorado State Constitution, 457–62. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190907723.003.0030.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This chapter discusses the “Schedule” of the Colorado Constitution. Transition to statehood required that territorial institutions and law be retained until expressly replaced. At the end of the original constitution, twenty-two sections under the heading of Schedule detailed how the transition should work. Although almost entirely obsolete, none has been repealed. Schedule Section 1 was invoked by enterprising defense lawyers in efforts to get their clients off on a technicality. At least one succeeded. Section 20, requiring that presidential electors “be chosen by direct vote of the people,” could be read as obsolete or as a continuing constitutional rule. It is the only section with possible relevance to a current dispute.
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Knee, Jonathan A. « Lessons from Clown School ». Dans Class Clowns, 202–32. Columbia University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7312/columbia/9780231179287.003.0007.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The final section of Class Clowns tries to draw some conclusions from the analyses and case studies. Ten lessons are drawn that should provide guardrails to anyone seeking to play in the education domain. Broadly, the failures highlighted fall into three broad buckets: misguided ambition, misunderstood markets and faulty execution. None of these phenomena are unique to education, but their application takes on a very particular shape in the educational context.
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Anne Franks, Mary. « “Not Where Bodies Live” ». Dans Free Speech in the Digital Age, 137–49. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190883591.003.0009.
Texte intégralRésumé :
John Perry Barlow, one of the founders of the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF), famously claimed in 1996 that the internet “is a world that is both everywhere and nowhere, but it is not where bodies live.” The conception of cyberspace as a realm of pure expression has encouraged an aggressively anti-regulatory approach to the internet. This approach was essentially codified in U.S. federal law in Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act, which invokes free speech principles to provide broad immunity for online intermediaries against liability for the actions of those who use their services. The free speech frame has encouraged an abstract approach to online conduct that downplays its material conditions and impact. Online intermediaries use Section 230 as both a shield and a sword—simultaneously avoiding liability for the speech of others while benefiting from that speech. In the name of free expression, Section 230 allows powerful internet corporations to profit from harmful online conduct while absorbing none of its costs.
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Schram, Frederick R., et Stefan Koenemann. « Mictacea ». Dans Evolution and Phylogeny of Pancrustacea, 362–69. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195365764.003.0028.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Mictacea demonstrates the confusion that occurs when animals share so many primitive features. Modest Guţu in fact erected a number of orders to accommodate them, but these do not seem entirely justified. Although the two orders erected by Guţu currently do not have much support, in fairness it must be recognized that molecules, or information from yet-to-be-recognized mictacean taxa, could change the situation. In this case, Guţu’s Bochusacea and Cosinzeneacea might yet prove useful. They inhabit anchialine caves and the deep sea. The animals are small, slender, and subcylindrical in outline. The diagnosis of Guţu to the contrary, none of these animals appear particularly “flattened” in cross-section.
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Sarch, Alexander. « The Scope of the Willful Ignorance Doctrine (I) ». Dans Criminally Ignorant, 85–108. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190056575.003.0004.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Determining when the equal culpability thesis holds sets the boundaries in which the willful ignorance doctrine is to be applied. Chapter 3 thus considers the best existing attempts to specify the conditions in which the equal culpability thesis holds, but proceeds to argue that none succeeds. Still, each failure is instructive. First, the chapter argues against the unrestricted equal culpability thesis. Not all willful ignorance, it turns out, is as culpable as the analogous knowing misconduct. Then the chapter argues against the three leading attempts to restrict the thesis. Section II argues against a restriction that appeals to bad motives, while Section III argues against a common counterfactual restriction (according to which willful ignorance is as culpable as knowing misconduct when one would do the actus reus even with knowledge). The latter proposal fails since criminal culpability does not depend on considerations about counterfactual conduct or one’s willingness to misbehave. Finally, Section IV discusses a third restriction, offered by Deborah Hellman, which asks whether the decision to remain in ignorance was itself justified. This version of the thesis is on the right track, but still requires refinement in important ways.
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Fabre, Cécile. « Building Blocks ». Dans Spying Through a Glass Darkly, 12–36. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198833765.003.0002.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This chapter sets the stage for the remainder of the book. It provides an overview of the ethics of spying in classical moral and political thought. It examines three possible approaches to espionage: (a) the dirty-hands approach, which sees espionage as a necessary evil; (b) the contractarian view that espionage is best defended by appeal to normative conventions endorsed by all; (c) the view that the most fruitful way to construct an ethics of espionage is through the lens of just-war theory. None of those approaches are fully satisfactory, though they provide building blocks for the approach taken in this book. The final section sets out the normative principles on which the book rests.
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Adams, Robert Merrihew. « God and Possibilities ». Dans What Is, and What Is In Itself, 194–212. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192856135.003.0012.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Section 11.1 of this chapter discusses how (and whether!) God can know all possibilities without actualizing all of them. For if unactualized conscious states and processes are to be permanent objects of actual thoughts in an eternal mind, how different is that from their being actual conscious states and processes of that mind? It is argued that discursive knowledge of logic and mathematics is not problematic in this way—and in section 11.2 that “intuitive” knowledge of qualities raises additional issues, but none that God could not manage. Section 11.3 points out that God does not need to know nearly as much about possibilities if God need not and does not try to create a “best possible world,” but is motivated by grace and love for actual creatures. Section 11.4 addresses two questions about causal explanation: First, the teleological question: “What am I doing, or at least trying to do, and why am I trying to do it?” I think I often know an at least roughly right answer to that question. The second and much harder question is “Why is it that I can do what I am trying to do, if indeed I can?” Occasionalism implies that it depends on God. That is where this line of explanations stops. No causal explanation of God’s omnipotence is on offer.
Actes de conférences sur le sujet "AZ. None of these, but in this section"
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Dean, David J., et David J. Topping. « GEOMORPHIC CHANGE AND BIOGEOMORPHIC FEEDBACKS IN THE LITTLE COLORADO RIVER, AZ ». Dans Joint 70th Annual Rocky Mountain GSA Section / 114th Annual Cordilleran GSA Section Meeting - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018rm-313857.
Texte intégral
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Barba, William K., Matt D. Bloomfield, Shannon K. Rees, Ryan C. Porter et Nancy R. Riggs. « SEISMIC REFRACTION SURVEY OF MERRIAM CRATER, SAN FRANCISCO VOLCANIC FIELD, AZ ». Dans Joint 70th Annual Rocky Mountain GSA Section / 114th Annual Cordilleran GSA Section Meeting - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018rm-314242.
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Chi, Zeying, et Wenjian Chen. « Research for fiber optic telescope using large cross-section image-transmitting bundle ». Dans Astronomy '90, Tucson AZ, 11-16 Feb 90, sous la direction de Lawrence D. Barr. SPIE, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.19204.
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Fawcett, Peter J., R. Scott Anderson, Spencer E. Staley, Erik T. Brown, Michael Petronis, Sindy Lauricella et Josef P. Werne. « PRELIMINARY CHRONOLOGY OF THE STONEMAN LAKE, AZ SEDIMENT CORES : RADIOCARBON, TEPHROCHRONOLOGY AND MAGNETIC STRATIGRAPHY ». Dans Joint 70th Annual Rocky Mountain GSA Section / 114th Annual Cordilleran GSA Section Meeting - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018rm-314131.
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Crow, Ryan, Philip A. Pearthree, P. Kyle House, Mark Stelten, Matthew Heizler, Jonathan E. Schwing, Duane Champion, Keith A. Howard et John W. Hillhouse. « GEOCHRONOLOGIC STUDY OF PRE-COLORADO-RIVER DEPOSITS IN COTTONWOOD VALLEY, AZ : IMPLICATIONS FOR THE TIMING OF RIVER INTEGRATION ». Dans Joint 70th Annual Rocky Mountain GSA Section / 114th Annual Cordilleran GSA Section Meeting - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018rm-314086.
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Scheland, Cullen L., Calvin F. Miller, Tamara L. Carley, Michelle L. Foley, Lily L. Claiborne, J. Warner Cribb et Erin M. Wood. « CONSTRAINING ERUPTIVE EVENTS PRECEDING THE PEACH SPRING TUFF SUPERERUPTION (MIOCENE, AZ) : PETROLOGY AND PETROGENESIS OF ASH FALL TUFFS ». Dans Joint 52nd Northeastern Annual Section and 51st North-Central Annual GSA Section Meeting - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017ne-290732.
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Gee, Bryan M., Jose Soler et William G. Parker. « DESCRIPTION OF MATERIAL FROM A POTENTIAL NEW SPECIES OF METOPOSAUR FROM THE PETRIFIED FOREST NATIONAL PARK, AZ, USA ». Dans 112th Annual GSA Cordilleran Section Meeting. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016cd-274176.
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Bayer, Christopher Oscar, Peter J. Fawcett, R. Scott Anderson et Nicu-Viorel Atudorei. « BULK ORGANIC CARBON ISOTOPE RATIOS FROM STONEMAN LAKE AZ AS A PROXY FOR GLACIAL-INTERGLACIAL CYCLES DURING THE QUATERNARY ». Dans Joint 70th Annual Rocky Mountain GSA Section / 114th Annual Cordilleran GSA Section Meeting - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018rm-314312.
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Weinell, Meaghan, Rachel Lee, Alison Graettinger et Christopher G. Hughes. « THE MYSTERY OF MAARS : CHARACTERIZING MAAR-DIATREME VOLCANIC DEPOSITS AT HOPI BUTTES VOLCANIC FIELD (AZ) USING GIGAPAN AND THERMAL INFRARED TECHNIQUES ». Dans Joint 52nd Northeastern Annual Section and 51st North-Central Annual GSA Section Meeting - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017ne-290334.
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Al-Shuwaikhat, Hisham I., Shaker A. Al-Buhassan, Turki F. Al-Saadoun et Saad M. Al-Driweesh. « Optimizing Production Facilities Using None-Radio Active Source MPFM in Ghawar Field in Saudi Aramco ». Dans SPE Saudi Arabia section Young Professionals Technical Symposium. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/117063-ms.
Texte intégralRapports d'organisations sur le sujet "AZ. None of these, but in this section"
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Schmidt, Aaron, Adam Smith, Megan Tooker et Sunny Adams. Old Post reevaluation, Fort Huachuca, AZ. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), octobre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45701.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The US Congress codified the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (NHPA), the nation’s most effective cultural resources legislation to date, mostly through establishing the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). The NHPA requires Federal agencies to address their cultural resources, which are defined as any prehistoric or historic district, site, building, structure, or object. Section 110 of the NHPA requires Federal agencies to inventory and evaluate their cultural resources, and Section 106 requires them to determine the effect of Federal undertakings on those potentially eligible for the NRHP. Fort Huachuca is situated at the foot of the Huachuca Mountains in southern Cochise County, Arizona. It is located approximately 15 miles north of the border with Mexico and 75 miles southeast of Tucson. It was founded in 1877 as a frontier cavalry fort and remains one of the oldest military installations in the West. The objective of this report is to inventory the real property within Fort Huachuca’s Old Post, the historic core of the installation. Each resource is enumerated and accompanied by a list of reports discussing its potential NHL or NRHP eligibility. Subsequently, each resource is accompanied by a short description, which includes its location and current status within the recently created Old Post Historic District.
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Adams, Sunny, Madison Story et Adam Smith. Evaluation of 11 buildings in the Fort McCoy cantonment. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), septembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45350.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The United States Congress codified the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (NHPA), the nation’s most effective cultural resources legislation to date, mostly through establishing the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). The NHPA requires federal agencies to address their cultural resources, which are defined as any prehistoric or historic district, site, building, structure, or object. Section 110 of the NHPA requires federal agencies to inventory and evaluate their cultural resources, and Section 106 requires them to determine the effect of federal undertakings on those potentially eligible for the NRHP. Fort McCoy is in west-central Wisconsin, entirely within Monroe County. It was first established as the Sparta Maneuver Tract in 1909. The post was renamed Camp McCoy in 1926. Since 1974, it has been known as Fort McCoy. This report provides historic context and determinations of eligibility for buildings in the cantonment constructed between 1946 and 1975 and concludes that none are eligible for the NRHP. In consultation with the Wisconsin State Historic Preservation Officer (WISHPO), this work fulfills Section 110 requirements for these buildings.
3
Price, Roz. Climate Adaptation : Lessons and Insights for Governance, Budgeting, and Accountability. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), décembre 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.008.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This rapid review draws on literature from academic, policy and non-governmental organisation sources. There is a huge literature on climate governance issues in general, but less is known about effective support and the political-economy of adaptation. A large literature base and case studies on climate finance accountability and budgeting in governments is nascent and growing. Section 2 of this report briefly discusses governance of climate change issues, with a focus on the complexity and cross-cutting nature of climate change compared to the often static organisational landscape of government structured along sectoral lines. Section 3 explores green public financial management (PFM). Section 4 then brings together several principles and lessons learned on green PFM highlighted in the guidance notes. Transparency and accountability lessons are then highlighted in Section 5. The Key findings are: 1) Engaging with the governance context and the political economy of climate governance and financing is crucial to climate objectives being realised. 2) More attention is needed on whether and how governments are prioritising adaptation and resilience in their own operations. 3) Countries in Africa further along in the green PFM agenda give accounts of reform approaches that are gradual, iterative and context-specific, building on existing PFM systems and their functionality. 4) A well-functioning “accountability ecosystem” is needed in which state and non-state accountability actors engage with one another. 5) Climate change finance accountability systems and ecosystems in countries are at best emerging. 6) Although case studies from Nepal, the Philippines and Bangladesh are commonly cited in the literature and are seen as some of the most advanced developing country examples of green PFM, none of the countries have had significant examples of collaboration and engagement between actors. 7) Lessons and guiding principles for green PFM reform include: use the existing budget cycle and legal frameworks; ensure that the basic elements of a functional PFM system are in place; strong leadership of the Ministry of Finance (MoF) and clear linkages with the overall PFM reform agenda are needed; smart sequencing of reforms; real political ownership and clearly defined roles and responsibilities; and good communication to stakeholders).
4
Goeckeritz, Joel, Nathan Schank, Ryan L Wood, Beverly L Roeder et Alonzo D Cook. Use of Urinary Bladder Matrix Conduits in a Rat Model of Sciatic Nerve Regeneration after Nerve Transection Injury. Science Repository, décembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/j.rgm.2022.03.01.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Previous research has demonstrated the use of single-channel porcine-derived urinary bladder matrix (UBM) conduits in segmental-loss, peripheral nerve repairs as comparable to criterion-standard nerve autografts. This study aimed to replicate and expand upon this research with additional novel UBM conduits and coupled therapies. Fifty-four Wistar Albino rats were divided into 6 groups, and each underwent a surgical neurectomy to remove a 7-millimeter section of the sciatic nerve. Bridging of this nerve gap and treatment for each group was as follows: i) reverse autograft—the segmented nerve was reversed 180 degrees and used to reconnect the proximal and distal nerve stumps; ii) the nerve gap was bridged via a silicone conduit; iii) a single-channel UBM conduit; iv) a multi-channel UBM conduit; v) a single-channel UBM conduit identical to group 3 coupled with fortnightly transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS); vi) or, a multi-channel UBM conduit identical to group 4 coupled with fortnightly TENS. The extent of nerve recovery was assessed by behavioural parameters: foot fault asymmetry scoring measured weekly for six weeks; electrophysiological parameters: compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitudes, measured at weeks 0 and 6; and morphological parameters: total fascicle areas, myelinated fiber counts, fiber densities, and fiber sizes measured at week 6. All the above parameters demonstrated recovery of the test groups (3-6) as being either comparable or less than that of reverse autograft, but none were shown to outperform reverse autograft. As such, UBM conduits may yet prove to be an effective treatment to repair relatively short segmental peripheral nerve injuries, but further research is required to demonstrate greater efficacy over nerve autografts.
5
Goeckeritz, Joel, Nathan Schank, Ryan L Wood, Beverly L Roeder et Alonzo D Cook. Use of Urinary Bladder Matrix Conduits in a Rat Model of Sciatic Nerve Regeneration after Nerve Transection Injury. Science Repository, décembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/j.rgm.2022.03.01.sup.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Previous research has demonstrated the use of single-channel porcine-derived urinary bladder matrix (UBM) conduits in segmental-loss, peripheral nerve repairs as comparable to criterion-standard nerve autografts. This study aimed to replicate and expand upon this research with additional novel UBM conduits and coupled therapies. Fifty-four Wistar Albino rats were divided into 6 groups, and each underwent a surgical neurectomy to remove a 7-millimeter section of the sciatic nerve. Bridging of this nerve gap and treatment for each group was as follows: i) reverse autograft—the segmented nerve was reversed 180 degrees and used to reconnect the proximal and distal nerve stumps; ii) the nerve gap was bridged via a silicone conduit; iii) a single-channel UBM conduit; iv) a multi-channel UBM conduit; v) a single-channel UBM conduit identical to group 3 coupled with fortnightly transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS); vi) or, a multi-channel UBM conduit identical to group 4 coupled with fortnightly TENS. The extent of nerve recovery was assessed by behavioural parameters: foot fault asymmetry scoring measured weekly for six weeks; electrophysiological parameters: compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitudes, measured at weeks 0 and 6; and morphological parameters: total fascicle areas, myelinated fiber counts, fiber densities, and fiber sizes measured at week 6. All the above parameters demonstrated recovery of the test groups (3-6) as being either comparable or less than that of reverse autograft, but none were shown to outperform reverse autograft. As such, UBM conduits may yet prove to be an effective treatment to repair relatively short segmental peripheral nerve injuries, but further research is required to demonstrate greater efficacy over nerve autografts.
6
Friedler, Haley S., Michelle B. Leavy, Eric Bickelman, Barbara Casanova, Diana Clarke, Danielle Cooke, Andy DeMayo et al. Outcome Measure Harmonization and Data Infrastructure for Patient-Centered Outcomes Research in Depression : Data Use and Governance Toolkit. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), octobre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepcwhitepaperdepressiontoolkit.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Executive Summary Patient registries are important tools for advancing research, improving healthcare quality, and supporting health policy. Registries contain vast amounts of data that could be used for new purposes when linked with other sources or shared with researchers. This toolkit was developed to summarize current best practices and provide information to assist registries interested in sharing data. The contents of this toolkit were developed based on review of the literature, existing registry practices, interviews with registries, and input from key stakeholders involved in the sharing of registry data. While some information in this toolkit may be relevant in other countries, this toolkit focuses on best practices for sharing data within the United States. Considerations related to data sharing differ across registries depending on the type of registry, registry purpose, funding source(s), and other factors; as such, this toolkit describes general best practices and considerations rather than providing specific recommendations. Finally, data sharing raises complex legal, regulatory, operational, and technical questions, and none of the information contained herein should be substituted for legal advice. The toolkit is organized into three sections: “Preparing to Share Data,” “Governance,” and “Procedures for Reviewing and Responding to Data Requests.” The section on “Preparing to Share Data” discusses the role of appropriate legal rights to further share the data and the need to follow all applicable ethical regulations. Registries should also prepare for data sharing activities by ensuring data are maintained appropriately and developing policies and procedures for governance and data sharing. The “Governance” section describes the role of governance in data sharing and outlines key governance tasks, including defining and staffing relevant oversight bodies; developing a data request process; reviewing data requests; and overseeing access to data by the requesting party. Governance structures vary based on the scope of data shared and registry resources. Lastly, the section on “Procedures for Reviewing and Responding to Data Requests” discusses the operational steps involved in sharing data. Policies and procedures for sharing data may depend on what types of data are available for sharing and with whom the data can be shared. Many registries develop a data request form for external researchers interested in using registry data. When reviewing requests, registries may consider whether the request aligns with the registry’s mission/purpose, the feasibility and merit of the proposed research, the qualifications of the requestor, and the necessary ethical and regulatory approvals, as well as administrative factors such as costs and timelines. Registries may require researchers to sign a data use agreement or other such contract to clearly define the terms and conditions of data use before providing access to the data in a secure manner. The toolkit concludes with a list of resources and appendices with supporting materials that registries may find helpful.
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Friedler, Haley S., Michelle B. Leavy, Eric Bickelman, Barbara Casanova, Diana Clarke, Danielle Cooke, Andy DeMayo et al. Outcome Measure Harmonization and Data Infrastructure for Patient-Centered Outcomes Research in Depression : Data Use and Governance Toolkit. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), octobre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepcwhitepaperdepressiontoolkit.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Executive Summary Patient registries are important tools for advancing research, improving healthcare quality, and supporting health policy. Registries contain vast amounts of data that could be used for new purposes when linked with other sources or shared with researchers. This toolkit was developed to summarize current best practices and provide information to assist registries interested in sharing data. The contents of this toolkit were developed based on review of the literature, existing registry practices, interviews with registries, and input from key stakeholders involved in the sharing of registry data. While some information in this toolkit may be relevant in other countries, this toolkit focuses on best practices for sharing data within the United States. Considerations related to data sharing differ across registries depending on the type of registry, registry purpose, funding source(s), and other factors; as such, this toolkit describes general best practices and considerations rather than providing specific recommendations. Finally, data sharing raises complex legal, regulatory, operational, and technical questions, and none of the information contained herein should be substituted for legal advice. The toolkit is organized into three sections: “Preparing to Share Data,” “Governance,” and “Procedures for Reviewing and Responding to Data Requests.” The section on “Preparing to Share Data” discusses the role of appropriate legal rights to further share the data and the need to follow all applicable ethical regulations. Registries should also prepare for data sharing activities by ensuring data are maintained appropriately and developing policies and procedures for governance and data sharing. The “Governance” section describes the role of governance in data sharing and outlines key governance tasks, including defining and staffing relevant oversight bodies; developing a data request process; reviewing data requests; and overseeing access to data by the requesting party. Governance structures vary based on the scope of data shared and registry resources. Lastly, the section on “Procedures for Reviewing and Responding to Data Requests” discusses the operational steps involved in sharing data. Policies and procedures for sharing data may depend on what types of data are available for sharing and with whom the data can be shared. Many registries develop a data request form for external researchers interested in using registry data. When reviewing requests, registries may consider whether the request aligns with the registry’s mission/purpose, the feasibility and merit of the proposed research, the qualifications of the requestor, and the necessary ethical and regulatory approvals, as well as administrative factors such as costs and timelines. Registries may require researchers to sign a data use agreement or other such contract to clearly define the terms and conditions of data use before providing access to the data in a secure manner. The toolkit concludes with a list of resources and appendices with supporting materials that registries may find helpful.
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Stavland, Arne, Siv Marie Åsen, Arild Lohne, Olav Aursjø et Aksel Hiorth. Recommended polymer workflow : Lab (cm and m scale). University of Stavanger, novembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.201.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Polymer flooding is one of the most promising EOR methods (Smalley et al. 2018). It is well known and has been used successfully (Pye 1964; Standnes & Skjevrak 2014; Sheng et al. 2015). From a technical perspective we recommend that polymer flooding should be considered as a viable EOR method on the Norwegian Continental Shelf for the following reasons: 1. More oil can be produced with less water injected; this is particularly important for the NCS which are currently producing more water than oil 2. Polymers will increase the aerial sweep and improve the ultimate recovery, provided a proper injection strategy 3. Many polymer systems are available, and it should be possible to tailor their chemical composition to a wide range of reservoir conditions (temperature and salinity) 4. Polymer systems can be used to block water from short circuiting injection production wells 5. Polymer combined with low salinity injection water has many benefits: a lower polymer concentration can be used to reach target viscosity, less mechanical degradation, less adsorption, and a potential reduction in Sor due to a low salinity wettability effect. There are some hurdles when considering polymer flooding that needs to be considered: 1. Many polymer systems are not at the present considered as green chemicals; thus, reinjection of produced water is needed. However, results from polymer degradation studies in the IORCentre indicates that a. High molecular weight polymers are quickly degraded to low molecular weight. In case of accidental release to the ocean low molecular weight polymers are diluted and the lifetime of the spill might be quite short. According to Caulfield et al. (2002) HPAM is not toxic, and will not degrade to the more environmentally problematic acrylamide. b. In the DF report for environmental impact there are case studies using the DREAM model to predict the transport of chemical spills. This model is coupled with polymer (sun exposure) degradation data from the IORCentre to quantify the lifetime of polymer spills. This approach should be used for specific field cases to quantify the environmental risk factor. 2. Care must be taken to prepare the polymer solution offshore. Chokes and vales might be a challenge but can be mitigating according to the results from the large-scale testing done in the IORCentre (Stavland et al. 2021). None of the above-mentioned challenges are server enough to not consider polymer flooding. HPAM is neither toxic, nor bio-accumulable, or bio-persistent and the CO2 footprint from a polymer flood may be significantly less than a water flood (Dupuis et al. 2021). There are at least two contributing factors to this statement, which we will return in detail to in the next section i) during linear displacement polymer injection will produce more oil for the same amount of water injected, hence the lifetime of the field can be shortened ii) polymers increase the arial sweep reducing the need for wells.
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Mazzoni, Silvia, Nicholas Gregor, Linda Al Atik, Yousef Bozorgnia, David Welch et Gregory Deierlein. Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis and Selecting and Scaling of Ground-Motion Records (PEER-CEA Project). Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, novembre 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/zjdn7385.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This report is one of a series of reports documenting the methods and findings of a multi-year, multi-disciplinary project coordinated by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) and funded by the California Earthquake Authority (CEA). The overall project is titled “Quantifying the Performance of Retrofit of Cripple Walls and Sill Anchorage in Single-Family Wood-Frame Buildings,” henceforth referred to as the “PEER–CEA Project.” The overall objective of the PEER–CEA Project is to provide scientifically based information (e.g., testing, analysis, and resulting loss models) that measure and assess the effectiveness of seismic retrofit to reduce the risk of damage and associated losses (repair costs) of wood-frame houses with cripple wall and sill anchorage deficiencies as well as retrofitted conditions that address those deficiencies. Tasks that support and inform the loss-modeling effort are: (1) collecting and summarizing existing information and results of previous research on the performance of wood-frame houses; (2) identifying construction features to characterize alternative variants of wood-frame houses; (3) characterizing earthquake hazard and ground motions at representative sites in California; (4) developing cyclic loading protocols and conducting laboratory tests of cripple wall panels, wood-frame wall subassemblies, and sill anchorages to measure and document their response (strength and stiffness) under cyclic loading; and (5) the computer modeling, simulations, and the development of loss models as informed by a workshop with claims adjustors. This report is a product of Working Group 3 (WG3), Task 3.1: Selecting and Scaling Ground-motion records. The objective of Task 3.1 is to provide suites of ground motions to be used by other working groups (WGs), especially Working Group 5: Analytical Modeling (WG5) for Simulation Studies. The ground motions used in the numerical simulations are intended to represent seismic hazard at the building site. The seismic hazard is dependent on the location of the site relative to seismic sources, the characteristics of the seismic sources in the region and the local soil conditions at the site. To achieve a proper representation of hazard across the State of California, ten sites were selected, and a site-specific probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) was performed at each of these sites for both a soft soil (Vs30 = 270 m/sec) and a stiff soil (Vs30=760 m/sec). The PSHA used the UCERF3 seismic source model, which represents the latest seismic source model adopted by the USGS [2013] and NGA-West2 ground-motion models. The PSHA was carried out for structural periods ranging from 0.01 to 10 sec. At each site and soil class, the results from the PSHA—hazard curves, hazard deaggregation, and uniform-hazard spectra (UHS)—were extracted for a series of ten return periods, prescribed by WG5 and WG6, ranging from 15.5–2500 years. For each case (site, soil class, and return period), the UHS was used as the target spectrum for selection and modification of a suite of ground motions. Additionally, another set of target spectra based on “Conditional Spectra” (CS), which are more realistic than UHS, was developed [Baker and Lee 2018]. The Conditional Spectra are defined by the median (Conditional Mean Spectrum) and a period-dependent variance. A suite of at least 40 record pairs (horizontal) were selected and modified for each return period and target-spectrum type. Thus, for each ground-motion suite, 40 or more record pairs were selected using the deaggregation of the hazard, resulting in more than 200 record pairs per target-spectrum type at each site. The suites contained more than 40 records in case some were rejected by the modelers due to secondary characteristics; however, none were rejected, and the complete set was used. For the case of UHS as the target spectrum, the selected motions were modified (scaled) such that the average of the median spectrum (RotD50) [Boore 2010] of the ground-motion pairs follow the target spectrum closely within the period range of interest to the analysts. In communications with WG5 researchers, for ground-motion (time histories, or time series) selection and modification, a period range between 0.01–2.0 sec was selected for this specific application for the project. The duration metrics and pulse characteristics of the records were also used in the final selection of ground motions. The damping ratio for the PSHA and ground-motion target spectra was set to 5%, which is standard practice in engineering applications. For the cases where the CS was used as the target spectrum, the ground-motion suites were selected and scaled using a modified version of the conditional spectrum ground-motion selection tool (CS-GMS tool) developed by Baker and Lee [2018]. This tool selects and scales a suite of ground motions to meet both the median and the user-defined variability. This variability is defined by the relationship developed by Baker and Jayaram [2008]. The computation of CS requires a structural period for the conditional model. In collaboration with WG5 researchers, a conditioning period of 0.25 sec was selected as a representative of the fundamental mode of vibration of the buildings of interest in this study. Working Group 5 carried out a sensitivity analysis of using other conditioning periods, and the results and discussion of selection of conditioning period are reported in Section 4 of the WG5 PEER report entitled Technical Background Report for Structural Analysis and Performance Assessment. The WG3.1 report presents a summary of the selected sites, the seismic-source characterization model, and the ground-motion characterization model used in the PSHA, followed by selection and modification of suites of ground motions. The Record Sequence Number (RSN) and the associated scale factors are tabulated in the Appendices of this report, and the actual time-series files can be downloaded from the PEER Ground-motion database Portal (https://ngawest2.berkeley.edu/)(link is external).
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Jorgensen, Frieda, Andre Charlett, Craig Swift, Anais Painset et Nicolae Corcionivoschi. A survey of the levels of Campylobacter spp. contamination and prevalence of selected antimicrobial resistance determinants in fresh whole UK-produced chilled chickens at retail sale (non-major retailers). Food Standards Agency, juin 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.xls618.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Campylobacter spp. are the most common bacterial cause of foodborne illness in the UK, with chicken considered to be the most important vehicle for this organism. The UK Food Standards Agency (FSA) agreed with industry to reduce Campylobacter spp. contamination in raw chicken and issued a target to reduce the prevalence of the most contaminated chickens (those with more than 1000 cfu per g chicken neck skin) to below 10 % at the end of the slaughter process, initially by 2016. To help monitor progress, a series of UK-wide surveys were undertaken to determine the levels of Campylobacter spp. on whole UK-produced, fresh chicken at retail sale in the UK. The data obtained for the first four years was reported in FSA projects FS241044 (2014/15) and FS102121 (2015 to 2018). The FSA has indicated that the retail proxy target for the percentage of highly contaminated raw whole retail chickens should be less than 7% and while continued monitoring has demonstrated a sustained decline for chickens from major retailer stores, chicken on sale in other stores have yet to meet this target. This report presents results from testing chickens from non-major retailer stores (only) in a fifth survey year from 2018 to 2019. In line with previous practise, samples were collected from stores distributed throughout the UK (in proportion to the population size of each country). Testing was performed by two laboratories - a Public Health England (PHE) laboratory or the Agri-Food & Biosciences Institute (AFBI), Belfast. Enumeration of Campylobacter spp. was performed using the ISO 10272-2 standard enumeration method applied with a detection limit of 10 colony forming units (cfu) per gram (g) of neck skin. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to selected antimicrobials in accordance with those advised in the EU harmonised monitoring protocol was predicted from genome sequence data in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolates The percentage (10.8%) of fresh, whole chicken at retail sale in stores of smaller chains (for example, Iceland, McColl’s, Budgens, Nisa, Costcutter, One Stop), independents and butchers (collectively referred to as non-major retailer stores in this report) in the UK that are highly contaminated (at more than 1000 cfu per g) with Campylobacter spp. has decreased since the previous survey year but is still higher than that found in samples from major retailers. 8 whole fresh raw chickens from non-major retailer stores were collected from August 2018 to July 2019 (n = 1009). Campylobacter spp. were detected in 55.8% of the chicken skin samples obtained from non-major retailer shops, and 10.8% of the samples had counts above 1000 cfu per g chicken skin. Comparison among production plant approval codes showed significant differences of the percentages of chicken samples with more than 1000 cfu per g, ranging from 0% to 28.1%. The percentage of samples with more than 1000 cfu of Campylobacter spp. per g was significantly higher in the period May, June and July than in the period November to April. The percentage of highly contaminated samples was significantly higher for samples taken from larger compared to smaller chickens. There was no statistical difference in the percentage of highly contaminated samples between those obtained from chicken reared with access to range (for example, free-range and organic birds) and those reared under standard regime (for example, no access to range) but the small sample size for organic and to a lesser extent free-range chickens, may have limited the ability to detect important differences should they exist. Campylobacter species was determined for isolates from 93.4% of the positive samples. C. jejuni was isolated from the majority (72.6%) of samples while C. coli was identified in 22.1% of samples. A combination of both species was found in 5.3% of samples. C. coli was more frequently isolated from samples obtained from chicken reared with access to range in comparison to those reared as standard birds. C. jejuni was less prevalent during the summer months of June, July and August compared to the remaining months of the year. Resistance to ciprofloxacin (fluoroquinolone), erythromycin (macrolide), tetracycline, (tetracyclines), gentamicin and streptomycin (aminoglycosides) was predicted from WGS data by the detection of known antimicrobial resistance determinants. Resistance to ciprofloxacin was detected in 185 (51.7%) isolates of C. jejuni and 49 (42.1%) isolates of C. coli; while 220 (61.1%) isolates of C. jejuni and 73 (62.9%) isolates of C. coli isolates were resistant to tetracycline. Three C. coli (2.6%) but none of the C. jejuni isolates harboured 23S mutations predicting reduced susceptibility to erythromycin. Multidrug resistance (MDR), defined as harbouring genetic determinants for resistance to at least three unrelated antimicrobial classes, was found in 10 (8.6%) C. coli isolates but not in any C. jejuni isolates. Co-resistance to ciprofloxacin and erythromycin was predicted in 1.7% of C. coli isolates. 9 Overall, the percentages of isolates with genetic AMR determinants found in this study were similar to those reported in the previous survey year (August 2016 to July 2017) where testing was based on phenotypic break-point testing. Multi-drug resistance was similar to that found in the previous survey years. It is recommended that trends in AMR in Campylobacter spp. isolates from retail chickens continue to be monitored to realise any increasing resistance of concern, particulary to erythromycin (macrolide). Considering that the percentage of fresh, whole chicken from non-major retailer stores in the UK that are highly contaminated (at more than 1000 cfu per g) with Campylobacter spp. continues to be above that in samples from major retailers more action including consideration of interventions such as improved biosecurity and slaughterhouse measures is needed to achieve better control of Campylobacter spp. for this section of the industry. The FSA has indicated that the retail proxy target for the percentage of highly contaminated retail chickens should be less than 7% and while continued monitoring has demonstrated a sustained decline for chickens from major retailer stores, chicken on sale in other stores have yet to meet this target.