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Articles de revues sur le sujet « Autonomic cardiovascular modulation »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 9 mars 2023

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Tobaldini, E., N. Montano, Shun-Guang Wei, et al. "Autonomic cardiovascular modulation." IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine 28, no. 6 (2009): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/memb.2009.934620.

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Zile, Michael R., and William C. Little. "Effects of Autonomic Modulation." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 59, no. 10 (2012): 910–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2011.11.033.

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Taylor-Clark, Thomas E. "Air Pollution-Induced Autonomic Modulation." Physiology 35, no. 6 (2020): 363–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00017.2020.

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Air pollutants pose a serious worldwide health hazard, causing respiratory and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Pollutants perturb the autonomic nervous system, whose function is critical to cardiopulmonary homeostasis. Recent studies suggest that pollutants can stimulate defensive sensory nerves within the cardiopulmonary system, thus providing a possible mechanism for pollutant-induced autonomic dysfunction. A better understanding of the mechanisms involved would likely improve the management and treatment of pollution-related disease.

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Hucker, William J., Jagmeet P. Singh, Kimberly Parks, and Antonis A. Armoundas. "Device-Based Approaches to Modulate the Autonomic Nervous System and Cardiac Electrophysiology." Arrhythmia & Electrophysiology Review 3, no. 1 (2014): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15420/aer.2011.3.1.30.

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Alterations in resting autonomic tone can be pathogenic in many cardiovascular disease states, such as heart failure and hypertension. Indeed, autonomic modulation by way of beta-blockade is a standard treatment of these conditions. There is a significant interest in developing non-pharmacological methods of autonomic modulation as well. For instance, clinical trials of vagal stimulation and spinal cord stimulation in the treatment of heart failure are currently underway, and renal denervation has been studied recently in the treatment of resistant hypertension. Notably, autonomic stimulation is also a potent modulator of cardiac electrophysiology. Manipulating the autonomic nervous system in studies designed to treat heart failure and hypertension have revealed that autonomic modulation may have a role in the treatment of common atrial and ventricular arrhythmias as well. Experimental data on vagal nerve and spinal cord stimulation suggest that each technique may reduce ventricular arrhythmias. Similarly, renal denervation may play a role in the treatment of atrial fibrillation, as well as in controlling refractory ventricular arrhythmias. In this review, we present the current experimental and clinical data on the effect of these therapeutic modalities on cardiac electrophysiology and their potential role in arrhythmia management.

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Silva-Filho, Antonio, Luana Azoubel, Rodrigo Barroso, et al. "A Case-control Study of Exercise and Kidney Disease: Hemodialysis and Transplantation." International Journal of Sports Medicine 40, no. 03 (2019): 209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0810-8583.

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AbstractWe aimed to analyze the effect of an exercise training program in autonomic modulation, and exercise tolerance of hemodialysis and kidney-transplanted patients. 4 groups of exercised and non-exercised patients undergoing hemodialysis and kidney-transplanted subjects had their biochemical tests, and heart rate variability evaluations analyzed. Also, sleep quality, anxiety and depression questionnaires were evaluated. Both exercised groups showed improvements in cardiovascular autonomic modulation, biochemical markers, and exercise tolerance after the exercise training program. The exercised kidney-transplanted patients group showed better improvements in cardiovascular autonomic modulation, biochemical markers, and exercise tolerance when compared to the exercised hemodialysis patients group. Both groups showed improvements in sleep quality, anxiety, and depression. The group of kidney-transplanted patients show better results in the cardiovascular autonomic modulation than subjects undergoing hemodialysis. However, the patients undergoing hemodialysis showed improvements in blood pressure, HDL, hemoglobin and phosphorus, changes not observed in the kidney-transplanted group. Exercise is beneficial for both hemodialysis and kidney-transplanted patients groups. However, exercise programs should be focused mainly in improving cardiovascular risk factors in the HD patients.

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Parati, Gianfranco, Marco Di Rienzo, Paolo Coruzzi, and Paolo Castiglioni. "Chronic hypotension and modulation of autonomic cardiovascular regulation." Hypertension Research 32, no. 11 (2009): 931–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/hr.2009.150.

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Mancia, Giuseppe. "Autonomic Modulation of the Cardiovascular System during Sleep." New England Journal of Medicine 328, no. 5 (1993): 347–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejm199302043280511.

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Russell, D. C. "Autonomic modulation of cardiac arrhythmias." Current Opinion in Cardiology 1, no. 1 (1986): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001573-198601000-00004.

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Dartora, Daniela Ravizzoni, Maria-Claudia Irigoyen, Karina Rabello Casali, et al. "Improved cardiovascular autonomic modulation in transgenic rats expressing an Ang-(1-7)-producing fusion protein." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 95, no. 9 (2017): 993–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjpp-2016-0557.

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Angiotensin-(1-7) counterbalances angiotensin II cardiovascular effects. However, it has yet to be determined how cardiovascular autonomic modulation may be affected by chronic and acute elevation of Ang-(1-7). Hemodynamics and cardiovascular autonomic profile were evaluated in male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and transgenic rats (TGR) overexpressing Ang-(1-7) [TGR(A1-7)3292]. Blood pressure (BP) was directly measured while cardiovascular autonomic modulation was evaluated by spectral analysis. TGR received A-779 or vehicle and SD rats received Ang-(1-7) or vehicle and were monitored for 5 h after i.v. administration. In another set of experiments with TGR, A-779 was infused for 7 days using osmotic mini pumps. Although at baseline no differences were observed, acute administration of A-779 in TGR produced a marked long-lasting increase in BP accompanied by increased BP variability (BPV) and sympathetic modulation to the vessels. Likewise, chronic administration of A-779 with osmotic mini pumps in TGR increased heart rate, sympathovagal balance, BPV, and sympathetic modulation to the vessels. Administration of Ang-(1-7) to SD rats increased heart rate variability values in 88% accompanied by 8% of vagal modulation increase and 18% of mean BP reduction. These results show that both acute and chronic alteration in the Ang-(1-7)-Mas receptor axis may lead to important changes in the autonomic control of circulation, impacting either sympathetic and (or) parasympathetic systems.

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Sykora, Marek, and Jennifer Diedler. "Modulation of Baroreceptor Reflex Sensitivity May Represent a New Therapeutic Target in Acute Stroke." European Neurological Review 4, no. 2 (2009): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/enr.2009.04.02.46.

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Acute stroke has been associated with several manifestations of autonomic dysfunction including cardiovascular, sudomotor, thermoregulatory, gastrointestinal and urogenital symptoms. In particular, cardiovascular autonomic impairment including blunted baroreflex has been repeatedly shown to be of prognostic importance in acute stroke. Pathophysiological mechanisms of baroreflex changes in acute stroke include lesions of the central autonomic processing with consequent sympathetic system overactivation and impairment of baroreflex functioning. Previous studies have shown that patients with shifted autonomic balance are more prone to develop cardiac complications and have increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Moreover, autonomic dysregulation may play an important role in secondary brain injury after stroke. Therefore, modifying autonomic functions may have important therapeutic implications in acute stroke. In this article, the role of baroreflex impairment in acute stroke and its possible therapeutic relevance is discussed.

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Arata, M., and Z. Sternberg. "Transvascular Autonomic Modulation: Novel Venous Therapy for Autonomic Dysfunction." Journal of Vascular Surgery: Venous and Lymphatic Disorders 2, no. 1 (2014): 118–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvsv.2013.10.048.

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Just, Armin, Jörg Faulhaber, and Heimo Ehmke. "Autonomic cardiovascular control in conscious mice." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 279, no. 6 (2000): R2214—R2221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.2000.279.6.r2214.

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Autonomic cardiovascular control was characterized in conscious, chronically catheterized mice by spectral analysis of arterial pressure (AP) and heart rate (HR) during autonomic blockade or baroreflex modulation of autonomic tone. Both spectra were similar to those obtained in humans, but at ∼10× higher frequencies. The 1/ f relation of the AP spectrum changed to a more shallow slope below 0.1–0.2 Hz. Coherence between AP and HR reached 0.5 or higher below 0.3–0.4 Hz and also above 2.5 Hz. Muscarinic blockade (atropine) or β-adrenergic blockade (atenolol) did not significantly affect the AP spectrum. Atropine reduced HR variability at all frequencies, but this effect waned above 1 Hz. β-Adrenergic blockade (atenolol) slightly enhanced the HR variability only above 1 Hz. α-Adrenergic blockade (prazosin) reduced AP variability between 0.05 and 3 Hz, most prominently at 0.15–0.7 Hz. A shift of the autonomic nervous tone by a hypertensive stimulus (phenylephrine) enhanced, whereas a hypotensive stimulus (nitroprusside) depressed AP variability at 1–3 Hz; other frequency ranges of the AP spectrum were not affected except for a reduction below 0.4 Hz after nitroprusside. Variability of HR was enhanced after phenylephrine at all frequencies and reduced after nitroprusside. As with atropine, the reduction with nitroprusside waned above 1 Hz. In conclusion, in mice HR variability is dominated by parasympathetic tone at all frequencies, during both blockade and physiological modulation of autonomic tone. There is a limitation for further reduction but not for augmentation of HR variability from the resting state above 1 Hz. The impact of HR on AP variability in mice is confined to frequencies higher than 1 Hz. Limits between frequency ranges are proposed as 0.15 Hz between VLF (very low frequency range) and LF (low frequency range) and 1.5 Hz between LF and HF (high frequency range).

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Rossi, Denise Martineli, Hugo Celso Dutra de Souza, Débora Bevilaqua-Grossi, et al. "Impairment on Cardiovascular Autonomic Modulation in Women with Migraine." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 1 (2022): 763. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010763.

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Autonomic dysfunction, such as reduced vagally mediated heart rate variability, has been suggested in headache patients but is still uncertain when considering primary headache disorders. This study aims to compare the heart rate and blood pressure variability and baroreflex sensitivity between women with migraine and controls. A migraine (n = 20) and a control group (n = 20) of age-matched women without headache were evaluated. Heart rate variability was analyzed through frequency-domain using spectral analysis presenting variance, low-frequency (LF; 0.04–0.15 Hz) and high-frequency (HF; 0.15–0.4 Hz) bands and by time domain (root mean square of successive R-R interval differences, RMSSD). Blood pressure variability was analyzed with spectral analysis and baroreflex sensitivity with the sequence method. Migraine group had lower heart rate variability characterized by a reduction in total variance, LF oscillations (sympathetic/vagal modulation) and HF oscillations (vagal modulation), and a reduction in SD and RMSSD compared to control group. No difference was found in the blood pressure variability analysis. Regarding baroreflex sensitivity, migraine group had decreased values of total gain, gain down and up compared to control group. Women with migraine exhibited autonomic modulation alterations, expressed by decreased values of heart rate variability and baroreflex sensitivity, but not by differences in blood pressure variability.

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Nogueira, Leandro. "Patients with Impaired Descending Nociceptive Inhibitory System Present Altered Cardiac Vagal Control at Rest." January 2018 1, no. 21;1 (2018): E409—E418. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2018.4.e409.

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Background: Patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain have a higher chance of presenting impairment in cardiovascular autonomic modulation, which may have implications for cardiovascular events. The autonomic nervous system plays an important role in pain modulation. However, it is unclear whether patients with inefficient descending nociceptive inhibition have poorer cardiovascular autonomic modulation. Objective: To compare the cardiovascular autonomic modulation of patients with musculoskeletal pain who had normal versus impaired functioning of descending nociceptive inhibitory system (DNIS). Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Setting: Physiotherapy outpatient service. Methods: Fifty-six patients with musculoskeletal pain were included. Conditioned pain modulation was assessed by the difference of algometric values held in the dorsal forearm and tibialis anterior muscle, before and after a thermal pain stimulus was employed via the cold pressure test (CPT). Patients with inefficient DNIS in both sites were classified as impaired responders (n = 14). The others were classified as normal responders (n = 42). Cardiac autonomic modulation was monitored at rest by heart rate variability (HRV). The blood pressure response to the CPT was used as a proxy of sympathetic responsiveness. Results: Most of the patients were women (60%) and had chronic pain (75%). The groups had similar demographic characteristics. Patients with impaired DNIS showed lower HRV [RMSSD (P = 0.020), SDRR (P = 0.009), HF (ms2 ) (P = 0.027), LF (ms2 ) (P = 0.004), and total power (P = 0.002)]. The blood pressure response to CPT was similar between groups (systolic pressure, P = 0.813; diastolic pressure, P = 0.709). Limitation: Physical activity level, emotional changes, and visceral pathologies can alter the autonomic nervous system and may represent potential confounders. The low number of patients may have biased the results. Conclusion: Patients with impaired DNIS presented lower resting HRV, indicating an altered vagal control of the heart. In contrast, the blood pressure response to a sympathoexcitatory stimulus was preserved. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Augusto Motta University Centre (CAAE number: 46245215.9.0000.5235), and all patients signed the Informed Consent Form. Key words: Musculoskeletal pain, autonomic nervous system, heart rate, chronic pain, diffuse noxious inhibitory control, blood pressure, sympathetic nervous system, parasympathetic nervous system

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Stavrakis, Stavros, Kanchan Kulkarni, Jagmeet P. Singh, Demosthenes G. Katritsis, and Antonis A. Armoundas. "Autonomic Modulation of Cardiac Arrhythmias." JACC: Clinical Electrophysiology 6, no. 5 (2020): 467–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacep.2020.02.014.

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Radaelli, A., L. Bernardi, F. Valle, et al. "Cardiovascular autonomic modulation in essential hypertension. Effect of tilting." Hypertension 24, no. 5 (1994): 556–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.hyp.24.5.556.

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Brace, R. A., and C. Y. Cheung. "Modulation of fetal cardiovascular responsiveness to norepinephrine by autonomic nervous system." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 257, no. 3 (1989): R574—R579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1989.257.3.r574.

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To determine the extent to which the autonomic nervous system modifies the fetal cardiovascular responses to exogenous norepinephrine (NE), NE was infused intravenously (0.39-39 micrograms/min) for 30 min into chronically catheterized sheep fetuses averaging 132 days gestation. The resulting changes in arterial pressure, venous pressure, heart rate, and blood volume were compared between fetuses with and without ganglionic blockade. Autonomic blockade did not alter the relationship between the rise in NE concentration and NE infusion rate. In fetuses with a blocked autonomic nervous system, the arterial pressure response to exogenous NE was shifted 0.8 log units to the left when compared with normal fetuses. The venous pressure response to NE infusion was not altered in the blocked fetuses when compared with normal fetuses. Heart rate in the autonomically blocked fetuses increased with plasma NE concentration, which was opposite to the initial suppression of heart rate during NE infusion in control fetuses. Fetal blood volume decreased progressively with increasing NE infusion rate in the blocked fetuses, which was similar in autonomically intact fetuses, except for an increase in blood volume at low NE infusion rates. Thus it appears that the autonomic nervous system modifies the fetal arterial pressure, heart rate, and blood volume responses to exogenous NE but not the response of venous pressure

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Hilz, Max J., Ruihao Wang, Carmen de Rojas Leal, et al. "Fingolimod initiation in multiple sclerosis patients is associated with potential beneficial cardiovascular autonomic effects." Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders 10, no. 4 (2017): 191–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1756285616682936.

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Background: Fingolimod slows heart rate (HR) due to vagomimetic effects and might cause additional cardiovascular autonomic changes. While the time course of HR changes is well described, the extent and course of cardiovascular autonomic changes upon fingolimod initiation has not yet been evaluated. This study, therefore, intended to assess cardiovascular autonomic changes during the first 6 h after fingolimod initiation. Methods: In 21 patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), we recorded respiration (RESP), electrocardiographic RR interval (RRI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BPsys, BPdia) at rest, before and 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 h after fingolimod initiation. We calculated parameters of total autonomic modulation [RRI standard deviation (RRI-SD), RRI coefficient of variation (RRI-CV), RRI-total powers], mainly sympathetic cardiac modulation [RRI low frequency (LF) powers], sympathetic BP modulation (BPsys-LF powers), parasympathetic modulation [square root of the mean squared difference of successive RRIs (RMSSD), RRI high frequency (HF) powers], sympatho-vagal cardiac balance (RRI-LF/HF ratios), and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS). We compared parameters between the eight measurements [analysis of variance (ANOVA) or Friedman test with post-hoc analysis; significance: p < 0.05]. Results: After fingolimod initiation, RESP, BPsys, and BPsys-LF powers remained unchanged while RRIs, RRI-CV, RRI-SD, RRI-total powers, RRI-LF powers, RMSSD, RRI-HF powers, and BRS increased after 1 h and rose to peak values occurring after 5, 1, 2, 2, 1, 4, 4, and 4 h, respectively. After 3 h, BPdia had decreased significantly and was lowest after 5 h. RRI-LF/HF ratios decreased to a nadir after 4 h. Conclusions: The increases in parasympathetic and overall cardiac autonomic modulation and in BRS seen with fingolimod initiation are theoretically beneficial for the MS patient’s cardiovascular system. However, long-term studies must show whether these effects persist or are attenuated (e.g. due to S1P1 receptor down-regulation upon continued fingolimod therapy).

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Sánchez-Delgado, Juan Carlos, Adriana Marcela Jácome-Hortúa, Kelly Yoshida de Melo, Bruno Augusto Aguilar, Stella Vieira Philbois, and Hugo Celso Dutra de Souza. "Physical Exercise Effects on Cardiovascular Autonomic Modulation in Postmenopausal Women—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 3 (2023): 2207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032207.

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Background: The cardioprotective effect of physical exercise has been demonstrated in several studies. However, no systematic or updated analysis has described the effects of physical exercise on cardiovascular autonomic modulation in postmenopausal women. Aim: to describe the effects of physical exercise on cardiovascular autonomic modulation in postmenopausal women. Methods: The Scopus, PubMed, and Embase databases were searched for randomized clinical trials published between January 2011 and December 2021, and regarding the effects of physical exercise on cardiovascular autonomic modulation in postmenopausal women. Two independent authors processed the citations. The methodological quality was evaluated using the PEDRo scale. Results: Of the 91 studies identified, only 8 met the inclusion criteria, of which 7 had fair or poor methodological quality. The analyzed studies investigated the effects of functional training, whole-body vibration, muscular resistance, stretching, and aerobic exercises performed at home or at the gym. The majority of these exercise modalities showed improvements in heart-rate variability (HRV) indices and in the low-frequency band of blood pressure variability. The meta-analysis shows that exercise increased the standard deviation of instantaneous beat-to-beat variability (SD1) (mean difference (MD) = 3.99; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.22 to 6.77, n = 46; I2: 0%) and the standard deviation of long-term variability (SD2) (MD = 11.37; 95% CI = 2.99 to 19.75; n = 46; I2: 0%). Conclusions: Aerobic exercise and some nonconventional training modalities may have beneficial effects on cardiovascular autonomic modulation in postmenopausal women. More high-quality studies are still needed to further confirm their efficacy and safety.

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Magnano, Anthony R., Sarah Suleman, and Daniel M. Bloomfield. "Autonomic modulation of the U wave." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 41, no. 6 (2003): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0735-1097(03)80692-7.

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Zipes, Douglas P. "Ischemic modulation of cardiac autonomic innervation." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 17, no. 6 (1991): 1424–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0735-1097(10)80157-3.

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Yasuma, Fumihiko, and Jun-Ichiro Hayano. "Impact of acute hypoxia on heart rate and blood pressure variability in conscious dogs." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 279, no. 5 (2000): H2344—H2349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.2000.279.5.h2344.

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To examine whether the impacts of hypoxia on autonomic regulations involve the phasic modulations as well as tonic controls of cardiovascular variables, heart rate, blood pressure, and their variability during isocapnic progressive hypoxia were analyzed in trained conscious dogs prepared with a permanent tracheostomy and an implanted blood pressure telemetry unit. Data were obtained at baseline and when minute ventilation (V˙i) first reached 10 (V˙i10), 15 (V˙i15), and 20 (V˙i20) l/min during hypoxia. Time-dependent changes in the amplitudes of the high-frequency component of the R-R interval (RRIHF) and the low-frequency component of mean arterial pressure (MAPLF) were analyzed by complex demodulation. In a total of 47 progressive hypoxic runs in three dogs, RRIHF decreased atV˙i15 and V˙i20 and MAPLF increased at V˙i10 and V˙i15 but not atV˙i20, whereas heart rate and arterial pressure increased progressively with advancing hypoxia. We conclude that the autonomic responses to isocapnic progressive hypoxia involve tonic controls and phasic modulations of cardiovascular variables; the latter may be characterized by a progressive reduction in respiratory vagal modulation of heart rate and a transient augmentation in low-frequency sympathetic modulation of blood pressure.

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Oliveira, Camila, Erika Aparecida Silveira, Lorena Rosa, et al. "Risk Factors Associated with Cardiac Autonomic Modulation in Obese Individuals." Journal of Obesity 2020 (April 1, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7185249.

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Obesity leads to an imbalance in the autonomic nervous system, especially in increased sympathetic modulation and decreased vagal tone, and some anthropometric, metabolic, and lifestyle variables may increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Objective. To analyze the association between cardiovascular autonomic modulation and biochemical and anthropometric markers, food intake, and physical activity level in severely obese individuals. Methodology. The present study is a cutout of a randomized clinical trial “Effect of nutritional intervention and olive oil in severe obesity” (DieTBra Trial), where the baseline data were analyzed. Anthropometric data, biochemical exams, heart rate variability (HRV), accelerometry, and 24 h recall (R24H) of obese patients (body mass index BMI ≥35 kg/m2) were collected. Results. 64 obese patients were analyzed, with a mean age of 39.10 ± 7.74 years (27 to 58 years). By HRV analysis, in the frequency domain, the obese had a higher predominance of sympathetic autonomic modulation (low frequency (LF) 56.44 ± 20.31 nu) and lower parasympathetic modulation (high frequency (HF) 42.52 ± 19.18 nu). A negative association was observed between the variables Homeostasis Evaluation Model (HOMA-IR) and HF (p=0.049). In the physical activity analysis, there was a negative association between moderate to vigorous physical activity and the sympathetic component (p=0.043), and for sedentary time (ST), there was a negative association with HF (p=0.049) and LF/HF (p=0.036) and a positive association with LF (p=0.014). For multiple linear regression, waist circumference (WC) and HOMA-IR values were negatively associated with HF (β = −0.685, p=0.010; β = −14.989, p=0.010; respectively). HOMA-IR (β = 0.141, p=0.003) and the percentage of lipids ingested (β = −0.030, p=0.043) were negatively associated with LF/HF. Conclusion. Among the cardiovascular risk variables studied, insulin resistance and central adiposity showed the greatest influence on cardiac autonomic modulation of obese, increasing the risk for cardiovascular disease.

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Wecht, JM, SA Sisto, AM Spungen, and WA Bauman. "CARDIOVASCULAR-AUTONOMIC MODULATION FOLLOWING EXERCISE TRAINING IN PERSONS WITH SCI." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 35, Supplement 1 (2003): S47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200305001-00259.

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BERNARDI, Luciano, Claudio PASSINO, Giammario SPADACINI, et al. "Cardiovascular autonomic modulation and activity of carotid baroreceptors at altitude." Clinical Science 95, no. 5 (1998): 565–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0950565.

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1.To assess the effects of acute exposure to high altitude on baroreceptor function in man we evaluated the effects of baroreceptor activation on R–R interval and blood pressure control at high altitude. We measured the low-frequency (LF) and high-frequency (HF) components in R–R, non-invasive blood pressure and skin blood flow, and the effect of baroreceptor modulation by 0.1-Hz sinusoidal neck suction. Ten healthy sea-level natives and three high-altitude native, long-term sea-level residents were evaluated at sea level, upon arrival at 4970 ;m and 1 week later. 2.Compared with sea level, acute high altitude decreased R–R and increased blood pressure in all subjects [sea-level natives: R–R from 1002±45 to 775±57 ;ms, systolic blood pressure from 130±3 to 150±8 ;mmHg; high-altitude natives: R–R from 809±116 to 749±47 ;ms, systolic blood pressure from 110±12 to 125±11 ;mmHg (P< 0.05 for all)]. One week later systolic blood pressure was similar to values at sea level in all subjects, whereas R–R remained elevated in sea-level natives. The low-frequency power in R–R and systolic blood pressure increased in sea-level natives [R–R-LF from 47±8 to 65±10% (P< 0.05), systolic blood pressure-LF from 1.7±0.3 to 2.6±0.4 ln-mmHg2 (P< 0.05)], but not in high-altitude natives (R–R-LF from 32±13 to 38±19%, systolic blood pressure-LF from 1.9±0.5 to 1.7±0.8 ln-mmHg2). The R–R-HF decreased in sea-level natives but not in high-altitude natives, and no changes occurred in systolic blood pressure-HF. These changes remained evident 1 week later. Skin blood flow variability and its spectral components decreased markedly at high altitude in sea-level natives but showed no changes in high-altitude natives. Neck suction significantly increased the R–R- and systolic blood pressure-LF in all subjects at both sea level and high altitude. 3.High altitude induces sympathetic activation in sea-level natives which is partially counteracted by active baroreflex. Despite long-term acclimatization at sea level, high-altitude natives also maintain active baroreflex at high altitude but with lower sympathetic activation, indicating a persisting high-altitude adaptation which may be genetic or due to baroreflex activity not completely lost by at least 1 year's sea-level residence.

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Legramante, Jacopo M., Maria G. Marciani, Fabio Placidi, et al. "Sleep-related changes in baroreflex sensitivity and cardiovascular autonomic modulation." Journal of Hypertension 21, no. 8 (2003): 1555–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004872-200308000-00021.

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Voss, Andreas, Michael Karl Boettger, Steffen Schulz, Katja Gross, and Karl-Jürgen Bär. "Gender-dependent impact of major depression on autonomic cardiovascular modulation." Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 35, no. 4 (2011): 1131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2011.03.015.

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McDougall, Stuart J., Robert E. Widdop, and Andrew J. Lawrence. "Central autonomic integration of psychological stressors: Focus on cardiovascular modulation." Autonomic Neuroscience 123, no. 1-2 (2005): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autneu.2005.09.005.

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Bassi, Daniela, Vivian Maria Arakelian, Renata Gonçalves Mendes, et al. "Poor glycemic control impacts linear and non-linear dynamics of heart rate in DM type 2." Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte 21, no. 4 (2015): 313–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1517-869220152104150003.

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INTRODUCTION: It is well known that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) produces cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN), which may affect the cardiac autonomic modulation. However, it is unclear whether the lack of glycemic control in T2DM without CAN could impact negatively on cardiac autonomic modulation. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between glycemic control and cardiac autonomic modulation in individuals with T2DM without CAN. Descriptive, prospective and cross sectional study.METHODS: Forty-nine patients with T2DM (51±7 years) were divided into two groups according to glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c): G1≤7% and G2>7.0%. Resting heart rate (HR) and RR interval (RRi) were obtained and calculated by linear (Mean iRR; Mean HR; rMSSD; STD RR; LF; HF; LF/HF, TINN and RR Tri,) and non-linear (SD1; SD2; DFα1; DFα2, Shannon entropy; ApEn; SampEn and CD) methods of heart rate variability (HRV). Insulin, HOMA-IR, fasting glucose and HbA1c were obtained by blood tests.RESULTS: G2 (HbA1c≤7%) showed lower values for the mean of iRR; STD RR; RR Tri, TINN, SD2, CD and higher mean HR when compared with G1 (HbA1c > 7%). Additionally, HbA1c correlated negatively with mean RRi (r=0.28, p=0.044); STD RR (r=0.33, p=0.017); RR Tri (r=-0.35, p=0.013), SD2 (r=-0.39, p=0.004) and positively with mean HR (r=0.28, p=0.045). Finally, fasting glucose correlated negatively with STD RR (r=-0.36, p=0.010); RR Tri (r=-0.36, p=0.010); TINN (r=-0.33, p=0.019) and SD2 (r=-0.42, p=0.002).CONCLUSION: We concluded that poor glycemic control is related to cardiac autonomic modulation indices in individuals with T2DM even if they do not present cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy.

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Abdelnaby, Mahmoud H. "Effect of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention on Heart Rate Variability in Coronary Artery Disease Patients." European Cardiology Review 13, no. 1 (2018): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15420/ecr.2018.13.2.

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Patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) have a state of autonomic imbalance with a sympathetic predominance. Autonomic dysfunction has been linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis is one of the most encouraging non-invasive diagnostic models and is increasingly used for the assessment of autonomic dysfunction. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is considered the gold standard in CAD treatment. Revascularisation through PCI eliminates the state of sympathetic hyperactivity, restores the normal cardiac autonomic modulation that can be assessed by HRV measurement.

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Chagas, Eduardo Federighi Baisi, Angélica Cristiane Cruz, Pedro Henrique Rodrigues, Cristiano Sales Silva, and Robison José Quitério. "Aquatic exercise and cardiac autonomic modulation of postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes." Revista Brasileira de Fisiologia do Exercício 19, no. 2 (2020): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.33233/rbfe.v19i2.3120.

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Objective: Investigating the effect of 12 weeks of an aquatic exercise program on cardiac autonomic modulation by heart rate variability index of postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: A randomized clinical trial was performed in 25 women aged 51 to 83 years, divided into exercise group (EG) (n = 13) submitted for 12 weeks to two weekly sessions of 50 minutes each, and control group (CG) (n = 12) without exercise. Results: Regarding cardiac autonomic modulation significant interaction was observed for TINN values (ms), indicating a slight increase in EG, but mostly a reduction in CG. The regression analysis also pointed effect of aquatic exercise on reducing the LF/HF ratio, after controlling for covariates diastolic blood pressure and dyslipidemia. Conclusion: The aquatic exercise had a significant effect on the reduction of cardiovascular risk, mainly in relation to glycemia and abdominal obesity, which may represent a protective effect of exercise in the progression of autonomic dysfunction, but its effect on autonomic modulation seems to depend on a greater volume and time with aquatic exercise.Keywords: diabetes, women, menopause, autonomic nervous system.

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Kanner, Andres M. "Epilepsy and Activity of the Autonomic Nervous System." Epilepsy Currents 2, no. 5 (2002): 159–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1535-7597.2002.00059.x.

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Decrease of Sympathetic Cardiovascular Modulation after Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Surgery Hilz MJ, Devinsky O, Doyle W, Mauerer A, Dutsch M. Brain 2002;125(Pt 5):985–995 In temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), there is evidence of ictal and interictal autonomic dysregulation, predominantly with sympathetic overactivity. The effects of TLE surgery on autonomic cardiovascular control and on baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) have not been studied. To evaluate such effects, we monitored heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure [BP(sys)], and respiration in 18 TLE patients 3–4 months before and after TLE surgery. We used Blackman-Tukey spectral analysis to assess sympathetic and parasympathetic modulation as powers of HR and BP(sys) oscillations in the low-frequency (LF, 0.04–0.15 Hz) and high-frequency (HF, 0.15–0.5 Hz) bands. BRS was determined as the LF transfer function gain between BP and HR. After surgery, HR, BP(sys), respiration, and HF powers remained unchanged, whereas LF powers of HR [1.57 ± 1.54 beats/min( 2 )] and BP(sys) [2.19 ± 1.34 mm Hg( 2 )] and BRS (0.68 ± 0.31 beats/min/mm Hg) were smaller than presurgical LF powers of HR [3.87 ± 3.26 beats/min( 2 )] and BP(sys) [4.80 ± 3.84 mm Hg( 2 )] and BRS (1.12 ± 0.39 beasts/min/mm Hg; P < 0.05). After TLE surgery, there is a reduction of sympathetic cardiovascular modulation and BRS that might result from decreased influences of interictal epileptogenic discharges on brain areas involved in cardiovascular autonomic control. TLE surgery seems to stabilize the cardiovascular control in epilepsy patients by reducing the risk of sympathetically mediated tachyarrhythmias and excessive brady-cardiac counterregulation, both of which might be relevant for the pathophysiology of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy patients (SUDEP). Thus TLE surgery might contribute to reducing the risk of SUDEP.

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Bretherton, Beatrice, Jim Deuchars, and W. Luke Windsor. "The Effects of Controlled Tempo Manipulations on Cardiovascular Autonomic Function." Music & Science 2 (January 1, 2019): 205920431985828. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2059204319858281.

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Music has been associated with alterations in autonomic function. Tempo, the speed of music, is one of many musical parameters that may drive autonomic modulation. However, direct measures of sympathetic nervous system activity and control groups and/or control stimuli do not feature in prior work. This article therefore reports an investigation into the autonomic effects of increases and decreases in tempo. Fifty-eight healthy participants (age range: 22–80 years) were randomly allocated to either an experimental ( n = 29, tune) or control (rhythm of the same tune) group. All participants underwent five conditions: baseline, stable tempo (tune/rhythm repeatedly played at 120 bpm), tempo increase (tune/rhythm played at 60 bpm, 90 bpm, 120 bpm, 150 bpm, 180 bpm), tempo decrease (tune/rhythm played at 180 bpm, 150 bpm, 120 bpm, 90 bpm, 60 bpm) and recovery. Heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, and muscle sympathetic nerve activity were continuously recorded. The 60 bpm in the tempo decrease stimulus was associated with increases in measures of parasympathetic activity. The 180 bpm in the tempo increase stimulus was also associated with shifts towards parasympathetic predominance. Responses to the stimuli were predicted by baseline %LF. It is concluded that the individual tempi impacted upon autonomic function, despite the entire stimulus having little effect. The 60 bpm in an increasingly slower stimulus was associated with greater vagal modulations of heart rate than faster tempi. For the first time, this study shows that response direction and magnitude to tempo manipulations were predicted by resting values, suggesting that music responders may be autonomically distinct from non-responders.

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Reis, Bianca Manzan, Mayara Simões, Fernanda Regina de Moraes, Antônio Carlos Sant’Ana, Jayciane Martins Santana, and Marilita Falangola Accioly. "Autonomic modulation of chronic kidney patients on hemodialysis." Research, Society and Development 11, no. 5 (2022): e48611528456. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i5.28456.

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Chronic kidney Disease may progress to cardiovascular complications just as much as these complications can result in further deterioration of the renal function, with dialysis as an extreme therapeutical option. Heart Rate Variability is a noninvasive method for the evaluation of sympathovagal imbalance of the heart beat control, aiding on the early detection of cardiovascular malfunctions. Our purpose was to identify heart rate variability patterns in chronic kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment, both by linear and nonlinear analysis.Were sampled a group of 27 renal failure patients under hemodialysis care, and a control group of 21 healthy individuals. The RR intervals were captured with a Polar® device from subjects lying in supine position for 20 minutes. A total of 1000 consecutive intervals were selected, and both linear and nonlinear parameters were considered for the heart rate variability analysis. Were used Shapiro-Wilk test, Mann-Whitney test, and Spearman test. Among the findings with statistical significance, reductions were found in RMSSD and pNN50, and SD1 and SD2 indexes whereas increases in the recurrence percentage and in entropy could be observed. A significant negative correlation between age and the values of SD1 index was also found. Patients with renal failure present a lower autonomic modulation of the parasympathetic branch, as highlighted by both the linear and nonlinear analysis. The nonlinear indexes in the Chaos domain were more precise in identifying autonomic dysfunctions, can reflect more clearly the complexity of the organic systems.

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Fraccari-Pires, Nayara, Hélio José Coelho-Júnior, Bruno Bavaresco Gambassi, et al. "Cardiovascular Autonomic Responses to Aerobic, Resistance and Combined Exercises in Resistance Hypertensive Patients." BioMed Research International 2022 (April 20, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8202610.

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Here, we report the acute effects of aerobic (AER), resistance (RES), and combined (COM) exercises on blood pressure, central blood pressure and augmentation index, hemodynamic parameters, and autonomic modulation of resistant (RH) and nonresistant hypertensive (NON-RH) subjects. Twenty participants (10 RH and 10 NON-RH) performed three exercise sessions (i.e., AER, RES, and COM) and a control session. Hemodynamic (Finometer®, Beatscope), office blood pressure (BP), and autonomic variables (accessed through spectral analysis of the pulse-to-pulse BP signal, in the time and frequency domain-Fast Fourrier Transform) were assessed before (T0), one-hour (T1), and twenty-four (T2) hours after each experimental session. There were no changes in office BP, pulse wave behavior, and hemodynamic parameters after (T0 and T1) exercise sessions. However, AER and COM exercises significantly reduced sympathetic modulation in RH patients. It is worth mentioning that more significant changes in sympathetic modulation were observed after AER as compared to COM exercise. These findings suggest that office blood pressure, arterial stiffness, and hemodynamic parameters returned to baseline levels in the first hour and remained stable in the 24 hours after the all-exercise sessions. Notably, our findings bring new light to the effects of exercise on RH, indicating that RH patients show different autonomic responses to exercise compared to NON-RH patients. This trial is registered with trial registration number NCT02987452.

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França da Silva, Anne Kastelianne, Diego Giulliano Destro Christofaro, Laís Manata Vanzella, Franciele Marques Vanderlei, Maria Júlia Lopez Laurino, and Luiz Carlos Marques Vanderlei. "Relationship of the Aggregation of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in the Parasympathetic Modulation of Young People with Type 1 Diabetes." Medicina 55, no. 9 (2019): 534. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina55090534.

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Background and objectives: In healthy individuals, autonomic alterations are associated with the aggregation of cardiovascular risk factors. However, in individuals with type 1 diabetes, who are known to present autonomic alterations, mainly characterized by a reduction in parasympathetic modulation, these associations have not yet been investigated. We assess whether the aggregation of cardiovascular risk factors influences parasympathetic indices of heart rate variability in young people with type 1 diabetes. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study included 39 individuals with type 1 diabetes (22.54 ± 4.31), evaluated in relation to the risk factors: blood pressure, fat percentage, and resting heart rate. For heart rate variability analysis, heart rate was recorded beat-to-beat using a cardio frequency meter (PolarS810i) for 30 min with the volunteers in dorsal decubitus. The parasympathetic heart rate variability indices were calculated: rMSSD, pNN50, high frequency (HF) n.u (normalized units), SD1, 2LV, and 2ULV. Data collection was carried out in 2014 and analyzed in 2017. Results: Individuals with two aggregate risk factors present a reduction in the values of the indices that reflect parasympathetic autonomic modulation compared to individuals without the risk factors analyzed, regardless of sex and age. Conclusion: In young people with type 1 diabetes, the aggregation of cardiovascular risk factors is associated with parasympathetic autonomic impairment.

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Li, Jianhua, and Lawrence Sinoway. "Norepinephrine and Autonomic Modulation in Heart Failure." Current Cardiology Reviews 3, no. 4 (2007): 264–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157340307782418398.

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Sanchez-Gonzalez, M. A., P. Guzik, R. W. May, et al. "Trait anxiety mimics age-related cardiovascular autonomic modulation in young adults." Journal of Human Hypertension 29, no. 4 (2014): 274–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jhh.2014.72.

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Chen, Yi-Chu, Shi-Chuan Chang, Fang-Chi Lin, and Guang-Ming Shiao. "Effect of Rapid Ascent to High Altitude on Autonomic Cardiovascular Modulation." American Journal of the Medical Sciences 336, no. 3 (2008): 248–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/maj.0b013e3181629a32.

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Yan, Huimin, Lindy Rossow, Chris Fahs, et al. "Cardiovascular Autonomic Modulation after Acute High Intensity Interval versus Aerobic Exercise." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 42 (May 2010): 628–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000385753.88187.9c.

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Kingsley, J. Derek, Lynn B. Panton, Victor McMillan, and Arturo Figueroa. "Cardiovascular Autonomic Modulation After Acute Resistance Exercise in Women With Fibromyalgia." Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 90, no. 9 (2009): 1628–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2009.02.023.

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Nascimento-Carvalho, Bruno do, Miguel Angel Condori Mayta, João Eduardo Izaias, et al. "CARDIAC SYMPATHETIC MODULATION INCREASE AFTER WEIGHT LOSS IN COMBAT SPORTS ATHLETES." Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte 24, no. 6 (2018): 413–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1517-869220182406182057.

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ABSTRACT Introduction: Although the rapid weight loss process is undertaken by combat sports athletes very often, the impact of this practice on cardiovascular health is not fully understood. Objective: To verify the effects of the rapid weight loss process undertaken by combat sports athletes on hemodynamic parameters, cardiovascular autonomic modulation and mood state. Methods: Eight male fighters (21.62±1.49 years, 71.25±3.54 kg, 1.74±0.03 cm) were assessed in the city of São Paulo. The subjects had 5.37±0.77 years of practice and were training 5.75±0.45 days per week, for 3.05±0.69 hours per day. The athletes were assessed on 2 occasions: 14 days before and 1 day before official weigh-in. Weight, height and bioimpedance were used for body composition analysis. Mood state was assessed using the Brums Mood Scale. Blood pressure was measured at rest with a digital meter. Cardiovascular autonomic modulation was obtained through an analysis of heart rate variability recorded for 25 minutes at rest. The Student's t-test for dependent samples was used for comparison between time points. Values of p<0.05 were considered significant. Results: No differences in body composition were observed between the time points evaluated. After the weight loss strategy, increases in mood state parameters related to anger, vigor and fatigue categories were observed. Blood pressure did not change between the time points evaluated. However, an increase in heart rate associated with greater sympathetic modulation was observed after the weight loss strategy. There were no differences in autonomic modulation parameters representing parasympathetic activity. Conclusions: The study provided evidence of a higher cardiovascular risk in athletes as a result of this rapid weight loss practice, which is very concerning since combat sports athletes repeat this process several times during their lives. Level of Evidence IV; Study type: Case series.

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Rodrigues, Bruno, Aline Alves Santana, Aline Boveto Santamarina, et al. "Role of Training and Detraining on Inflammatory and Metabolic Profile in Infarcted Rats: Influences of Cardiovascular Autonomic Nervous System." Mediators of Inflammation 2014 (2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/207131.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of exercise training (ET, 50–70% of VO2 max, 5 days/week) and detraining (DT) on inflammatory and metabolic profile after myocardial infarction (MI) in rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into control (C,n=8), sedentary infarcted (SI,n=9), trained infarcted (TI, n=10; 3 months of ET), and detrained infarcted (DI,n=11; 2 months of ET + 1 month of DT). After ET and DT protocols, ventricular function and inflammation, cardiovascular autonomic modulation (spectral analysis), and adipose tissue inflammation and lipolytic pathway were evaluated. ET after MI improved cardiac and vascular autonomic modulation, and these benefits were correlated with reduced inflammatory cytokines on the heart and adipose tissue. These positive changes were sustained even after 1 month of detraining. No expressive changes were observed in oxidative stress and lipolytic pathway in experimental groups. In conclusion, our results strongly suggest that the autonomic improvement promoted by ET, and maintained even after the detraining period, was associated with reduced inflammatory profile in the left ventricle and adipose tissue of rats subjected to MI. These data encourage enhancing cardiovascular autonomic function as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of inflammatory process triggered by MI.

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Pickoff, Arthur S., and Adrienne Stolfi. "Postnatal maturation of autonomic modulation of heart rate." Journal of Electrocardiology 29 (January 1996): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-0736(96)80065-3.

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Folino, Antonio Franco, Giulia Russo, Alberto Porta, Gianfranco Buja, Sergio Cerutti, and Sabino Iliceto. "Autonomic modulation and cardiac contractility in vasovagal syncope." International Journal of Cardiology 139, no. 3 (2010): 248–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2008.10.030.

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Nista-Piccolo, Verena, José Robertto Zaffalon Júnior, Mario Cesar Nascimento, Michelle Sartori, and Kátia De Angelis. "HEART RATE VARIABILITY IN TENNIS PLAYERS." Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte 25, no. 3 (2019): 202–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1517-869220192503192561.

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ABSTRACT Introduction Some studies suggest that playing tennis brings benefits for the anthropometric and metabolic profile of those who practice it, reducing the risk of mortality more significantly than other sports. In addition, changes in cardiovascular autonomic regulation have been highlighted as a common factor in the development of cardiometabolic disorders. Objective To evaluate and compare hemodynamic parameters and cardiovascular autonomic modulation among former tennis players who still play the sport (ET), adults who play recreational tennis (TR), and adults classified as sedentary (S). Methods Thirty-four men aged between 23 and 45 years participated in the study. They were divided into 3 groups: ET, TR and S. Anthropometric parameters and blood pressure were evaluated and the R-R interval was recorded to quantify the cardiac autonomic modulation at rest. Results Similar values were observed between groups for blood pressure, waist circumference and body mass index. The amount of moderate and vigorous physical activities of the ET group was higher than that of the TR group. The ET presented resting bradycardia associated with increased pulse interval (PI) variance and high-frequency PI, and a reduction in low-frequency PI compared to the other groups studied. Reduced cardiac sympathovagal balance was observed in the ET group (1.7 ± 0.1) and TR group (2.5 ± 0.2) compared to the S group (3.2 ± 0.2); however, this change was exacerbated in the ET group compared to the TR group. Conclusion The results suggest that playing tennis induces beneficial changes in cardiac autonomic modulation that appear to be intensified as the volume of physical activity increases, suggesting that this practice is beneficial in the management of cardiovascular risk. Level of Evidence II; Diagnostic Studies - Investigating a Diagnostic Test.

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Milovanovic, Branislav, Danijela Trifunovic, Nebojsa Milicevic, Karin Vasic, and Mirjana Krotin. "The significance of amlodipine on autonomic nervous system adjustment (ANSA method): A new approach in the treatment of hypertension." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 137, no. 7-8 (2009): 371–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh0908371m.

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Introduction. Cardiovascular autonomic modulation is altered in patients with essential hypertension. Objective To evaluate acute and long-term effects of amlodipine on cardiovascular autonomic function and haemodynamic status in patients with mild essential hypertension. Methods. Ninety patients (43 male, mean age 52.12 ?10.7) years with mild hypertension were tested before, 30 minutes after the first 5 mg oral dose of amlodipine and three weeks after monotherapy with amlodipine. A comprehensive study protocol was done including finger blood pressure variability (BPV) and heart rate variability (HRV) beat-to-beat analysis with impedance cardiography, ECG with software short-term HRV and nonlinear analysis, 24-hour Holter ECG monitoring with QT and HRV analysis, 24-hour blood pressure (BP) monitoring with systolic and diastolic BPV analysis, cardiovascular autonomic reflex tests, cold pressure test, mental stress test. The patients were also divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic groups, depending on predominance in short time spectral analysis of sympathovagal balance according to low frequency and high frequency values. Results. We confirmed a significant systolic and diastolic BP reduction, and a reduction of pulse pressure during day, night and early morning hours. The reduction of supraventricular and ventricular ectopic beats during the night was also achieved with therapy, but without statistical significance. The increment of sympathetic activity in early phase of amlodipine therapy was without statistical significance and persistence of sympathetic predominance after a few weeks of therapy detected based on the results of short-term spectral HRV analysis. All time domain parameters of long-term HRV analysis were decreased and low frequency amongst spectral parameters. Amlodipne reduced baroreflex sensitivity after three weeks of therapy, but increased it immediately after the administration of the first dose. Conclusion. The results of the study showed that amlodipine affected autonomic modulation as a shift to sympathetic hyperactivity, but without statistical significance. In the selected group of patients with vagal predominance in sympathovagal balance, amlodipine increased sympathetic and decreases vagal activity. Therefore we conclude that amlodipine mostly exerts impact on autonomic function modulation in patients with vagal predominance in resting state.

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Spierer, D. K., Eugene McPherson, J. I. M. Kleinfeld, and E. Hazel. "Natural Killer Cell Changes To Moderate Exercise on Arterial Compliance and Autonomic Modulation in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1)." Blood 104, no. 11 (2004): 3838. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.3838.3838.

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Abstract Human immunodeficiency virus-1(HIV-1) is associated with cardiovascular abnormalities and autonomic dysfunction. Exercise training is recommended to enhance functional capacity, as it is known that fitness is icommensurate with a improved autonomic profile and can reduce cardiovascular malfunctions. Although it is well established that physical activity in HIV-1 pts results in increased aerobic capacity, the effect of moderate exercise training on vascular mechanisms and autonomic modulations in HIV-1 disease is still unknown. The purpose of this investigation is to examine the effects of regular physical activity on arterial compliance, autonomic modulation and alterations in NK cell number and function in HIV-1 disease. Subjects were matched for age, body mass index, waist/hip ratio, and fitness. Arterial compliance (AC), heart rate variability (HRV), and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) were collected and analyzed via traditional methods using power spectral analysis during seated rest. NK cell number was measured via flow cytometry. Four groups of men (N=12), mean age 38.8 ± 5.3) were studied. Trained subjects completed three weekly sessions of supervised aerobic exercised at 60–75% VO 2max for 10 weeks. Controls performed activities of daily living (ADL) with no formal exercise training. Subjects were categorized as follows: HIV negative untrained (HNU), HIV negative trained (HNT), HIV positive untrained (HPU), and HIV positive trained (HPT). HIV positive subjects were seropositive for HIV disease within 24 months of this investigation. Preliminary data demonstrate a strong trend toward augmented arterial compliance and a higher autonomic profile with increased NK cell number and activity [ HPU mean NK cell level, 160.42/cu mm(10.7%); and HPT was 251.8/cu mm (15.4%)] in response to moderate regular exercise. However, cessation of training exercises resulted in return to near baseline NK cell number, percentage (191.8/cu mm (11.2%). HNU HNT HPU HPT AC (mmHgxsec) 7.0±3.1 9.4±5.4 4.0±1.5 7.8±1.1 HRV (msec²) 6.1± 2.1 7.6±1.1 3.9±1.5 7.4±0.3 BRS (msec/mmHg) 7.9±6.6 13.9±7.5 8.1±2.9 19.2±8.7 CONCLUSIONS: Enhanced fitness and its effect on vascular compliance and autonomic modulation with moderate regular exercise induces alterations in NK cell number and activity may help improve quality of life, morbidity and mortality, survival and response to therapy in pts with HIV-1 disease.

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Nascimento, Romilson Domingues, Ariane Viana, Michelle Sartori, et al. "SEDENTARY LIFESTYLE IN ADOLESCENTS IS ASSOCIATED WITH IMPAIRMENT IN AUTONOMIC CARDIOVASCULAR MODULATION." Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte 25, no. 3 (2019): 191–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1517-869220192503189328.

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ABSTRACT Introduction Regular physical exercise, or a more active lifestyle, are important to prevent cardiovascular diseases, reducing not only cardiovascular mortality but also promoting a reduction in the risk factors related to these diseases. Objective To assess the association between physical inactivity and heart rate variability (HRV) in adolescents. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of the Diagnostic Type with Level of Evidence II according to the Oxford table. One hundred and twenty-nine adolescents were evaluated, aged 15 and 17 years old, divided into four groups: male teenagers who were insufficiently active (IAM n = 28) or physically active (FAM n = 29), and female teenagers who were insufficiently active (IAF n = 42) or physically active (FAF n = 30). The level of physical activity was assessed by the IPAQ. The HRV was evaluated in the time and frequency domains. Results Reduced pulse interval variance was observed in the insufficiently active male or female groups (5089 ± 378 ms2 and 4335 ± 276 ms2 respectively) compared to the physically active groups (9106 ± 606 ms2 and 6182 ± 366 ms2 respectively). Moreover, the insufficiently active groups presented higher cardiac sympathetic/vagal balance values (0.81 ± 0.05 and 0.80 ± 0.05 respectively) compared to the physically active groups (0.63 ± 0.05 and 0.55 ± 0.05 respectively). Conclusion A physically active lifestyle was associated with better cardiovascular autonomic modulation in adolescents. Level of Evidence II; Diagnostic Studies - Investigating a Diagnostic Test.

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Hallman, David, Niklas Krause, Magnus Jensen, Nidhi Gupta, Marie Birk Jørgensen, and Andreas Holtermann. "Objectively Measured Sitting and Standing in Workers: Cross-Sectional Relationship with Autonomic Cardiac Modulation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 4 (2019): 650. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16040650.

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Excessive sitting and standing are proposed risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), possibly due to autonomic imbalance. This study examines the association of objectively measured sitting and standing with nocturnal autonomic cardiac modulation. The cross-sectional study examined 490 blue-collar workers in three Danish occupational sectors. Sitting and standing during work and leisure were assessed during 1–5 days using accelerometers. Heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) were obtained during nocturnal sleep as markers of resting autonomic modulation. The associations of sitting and standing still (h/day) with HR and HRV were assessed with linear regression models, adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, smoking, and physical activity. More sitting time during leisure was associated with elevated HR (p = 0.02), and showed a trend towards reduced HRV. More standing time at work was associated with lower HR (p = 0.02), and with increased parasympathetic indices of HRV (root mean squared successive differences of R-R intervals p = 0.05; high-frequency power p = 0.07). These findings, while cross-sectional and restricted to blue-collar workers, suggest that sitting at leisure is detrimental to autonomic cardiac modulation, but standing at work is beneficial. However, the small effect size is likely insufficient to mitigate the previously shown detrimental effects of prolonged standing on CVD.

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