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Bhattacharjee, Partha Sarathi S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. « VacSeen : semantically enriched automatic identification and data capture for improved vaccine logistics ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/107582.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis: S.M. in Technology and Policy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Technology and Policy Program, 2016.Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, System Design and Management Program, 2016.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 79-82).
Vaccines are globally recognized as a critical public health intervention. Routine immunization coverage in large parts of the developing world is around 80%. Technology and policy initiatives are presently underway to improve vaccine access in such countries. Efforts to deploy AIDC technologies, such as barcodes, on vaccine packaging in developing countries are currently ongoing under the aegis of the 'Decade of Vaccines' initiative by key stakeholders. Such a scenario presents an opportunity to evaluate novel approaches for enhancing vaccine access. In this thesis I report the development of VacSeen, a Semantic Web technology-enabled platform for improving vaccine access in developing countries. Furthermore, I report results of evaluation of a suite of constituent software and hardware tools pertaining to facilitating equitable vaccine access in resource-constrained settings through data linkage and temperature sensing. I subsequently discuss the value of such linkage and approaches to implementation using concepts from technology, policy, and systems analysis.
by Partha Sarathi Bhattacharjee.
S.M. in Technology and Policy
S.M. in Engineering and Management
2
Bulnes, Kevin, Diego Paredes et Leonardo Vinces. « An Automatic Biodiesel Decanting System for the Optimization of Glycerin Separation Time by Applying Electric Field and Temperature ». Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/653784.
Texte intégralRésumé :
El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado.During biodiesel production, crude biodiesel and glycerin are separated in resting tanks due to gravity and differences in density, glycerin accumulates at the base of the contender; such operation is called decantation. The decantation stage, within the production of biodiesel based on recycled oil, takes from 8 to 24 h to complete. Therefore, the development of an automatic biodiesel decanting system is presented in order to optimize the production time in the line of this bio-fuel. The process consists of applying an electric field through two electrodes at 9 kV and simultaneously applying temperature. The results of the implementation showed that the production time was reduced by up to 99% without affecting the quality of biodiesel, according to the parameters of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).
Revisión por pares
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BENFANTE, CHIARA. « RISCOPRIRE E COLTIVARE LE CAPACITA' UMANE COME STRUMENTO DI DISAUTOMATIZZAZIONE INDIVIDUALE E COLLETTIVA NELL'ERA DELL'INTELLIGENZA ARTIFICALE ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/114594.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Nella "società automatica" la tecnologia è l’elemento dominante. Il filosofo francese Bernard Stiegler la definisce "pharmakon", connotandone la duplice valenza: è "rimedio" utile a supportare gli individui e incrementarne le abilità, ma può anche essere "veleno", qualora impiegata come alternativa all’Umano.
L’automazione in campo industriale è una realtà consolidata da diversi decenni, ma il progressivo estendersi dei campi di applicazione dell’Intelligenza artificiale giunge oggi a interessare ogni ambito produttivo, mettendo in crisi il ruolo dell’essere umano in una molteplicità di contesti.
Occorre pertanto interrogarsi sulla natura e il valore di quelle capacità umane non replicabili dai dispositivi artificiali.
Nella prima parte della tesi si propone una riflessione sul progresso tecnico-scientifico attraverso l'analisi del pensiero di Stiegler. Nella seconda parte si traccia un percorso di riscoperta delle capacità umane, partendo dal tema dell’Intelligenza fino ai teorici del capability approach.
Il caso di studio è stato svolto presso la società di consulenza Deloitte US e lo Interfaith Ministries of Greater Houston, allo scopo di esplorare le modalità di applicazione del progetto "Enduring Human Capabilities", una metodologia innovativa di gestione e valutazione del personale basata sul parametro delle capacità umane intangibili e trasversali, anziché su criteri di tipo quantitativo.In the "Automatic Society" technology is crucial. The defining notion of "pharmakon", according to Bernard Stiegler, implies a double meaning: on one hand technology is a useful "remedy" to support individuals and increase their abilities, on the other hand it is a poison, a threat to human agency. Automation in Manufacture has been introduced since decades, however, the range of applicability of Artificial Intelligence is currently widening in every industry, potentially undermining the role of human beings in all contexts. It is therefore necessary to analyse the nature and the value of those human capabilities that cannot be borrowed or replicated by technological devices. The first section of this work is focused on the discourse about scientific-technical progress and the thought of Bernard Stiegler. Part Two is about the rediscovery of Human Capabilities, starting from the notion of Intelligence up to the "capability approach". The case study was carried out at the consulting firm Deloitte US and the Interfaith Ministries of Greater Houston, Texas, with the aim of exploring the implementation of a HR project named "Enduring Human Capabilities", an innovative methodology for managing and evaluating personnel, based on the assessment and development of intangible human capabilities rather than quantitative parameters.
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Holt, Mark. « Some preliminary notes on economic development, automation and design in industrialised society ». Thesis, Royal College of Art, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.484466.
Texte intégral
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Bouffaut, Léa. « Detection and classification in passive acoustic contexts : application to blue whale low-frequency signals Passive stochastic matched filter for Antarctic blue whale call detection, in The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 144 (2), 2018 Baleen whale distribution and seasonal occurrence revealed by an ocean bottom seismometer network in the Western Indian Ocean, in Deep Sea Research Part II : Topical Studies in Oceanography 161, March 2019 ». Thesis, Brest, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BRES0057.
Texte intégralRésumé :
L’analyse des grands volumes de données générés par la surveillance par acoustique passive long-terme et continue des baleines bleues (BW) est améliorée par la détection automatisée des signaux d’intérêt. Le travail présenté dans cette thèse s’attaque au problème de la détection et classification de signaux stéréotypés dans un contexte passif basse fréquence où les signaux sont modifiés par le canal de propagation, bruités et où le SNR varie continuellement. Les méthodes développées sont appliquées à des enregistrements issus d’OBS déployés dans l'océan Indien occidental.Premièrement, le filtrage adapté stochastique (SMF) est étendu au contexte passif en adaptant l’estimation du bruit et du SNR. Ce filtre est appliqué avec succès pour la détection des calls de baleine bleue antarctique et est comparé aux MF et Z-detector sur données annotées présentant de nombreux bruits et d’importantes variations du SNR. Les excellentes performances du SMF passif permettent d’augmenter la portée de détection jusqu'à 100 km en présence de bruit de bateau.La détection simultanée de différentes espèces s’appuie sur un schéma de reconnaissance de formes où les signaux tonaux de BW sont extraits, caractérisés et classifiés pour la transcription automatique des chants.Les signaux ainsi identifiés sont ensuite reconstruits avec des formes d'onde distinctes reproduisant les chants sous-jacents. Le succès de la reconstruction repose sur la qualité de la détection de tonales: le détecteur de crêtes est choisi pour son efficacité. Les résultats d'apprentissage et la première application non supervisée de la transcription ont révélé des résultats prometteurs et son utilité pour l’analyse multi-espècesThe analysis of the large volumes of data resulting from continuous and long-term monitoring efforts of blue whales (BWs) benefits from the automated detection of target signals. This thesis investigates the challenging problem of the detection and classification of stereotyped signals in a low-frequency passive acoustic context where (1) signals traveling long distances are deteriorated by the propagation channel, (2) overlapping noises interfere and, (3) SNRs vary continuously. Developed methods are applied to recordings from ocean bottom seismometers deployed in the western Indian Ocean.First, the stochastic matched filter (SMF) is adapted to the passive context by overcoming noise estimation and estimating the SNR automatically. This filter is successfully applied to the detection of Antarctic blue whales calls and is compared to the MF and the Z-detector on an annotated ground-truth dataset exhibiting various SNRs and noises. The passive SMF showed better performances, increasing the detection range up to 100 km in the presence of ship noise.The problematic of the detection of concurrently calling species is addressed based on a pattern recognition development for the automatic transcription of BW songs where, tonal signals are extracted, characterized, and classified. The hence identified signals are then reconstructed as separate waveforms reconstructing of the underlying songs. The success of the reconstruction relies on the quality of the tonal detector: the ridge detector was chosen for its efficiency. Training and unsupervised application revealed promising results of the proposed transcription method and its utility for multi-species analysis
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Gao, Fei Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. « Modeling human attention and performance in automated environments with low task loading ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/106592.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis: Ph. D. in Engineering Systems, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, 2016.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 211-225).
Automation has the benefit of reducing human operators' workload. By leveraging the power of computers and information technology, the work of human operators is becoming easier. However, when the workload is too low but the human is required to be present either by regulation or due to limitations of automation, human performance can be negatively affected. Negative consequences such as distraction, mind wandering, and inattention have been reported across many high risk settings including unmanned aerial vehicle operation, process control plant supervision, train engineers, and anesthesiologists. Because of the move towards more automated systems in the future, a better understanding is needed to enable intervention and mitigation of possible negative impacts. The objectives of this research are to systematically investigate the attention and performance of human operators when they interact with automated systems under low task load, build a dynamic model and use it to facilitate system design. A systems-based framework, called the Boredom Influence Diagram, was proposed to better understand the relationships between the various influences and outcomes of low task loading. A System Dynamics model, named the Performance and Attention with Low-task-loading (PAL) Model, was built based on this framework. The PAL model captures the dynamic changes of task load, attention, and performance over time in long duration low task loading automated environments. In order to evaluate the replication and prediction capability of the model, three dynamic hypotheses were proposed and tested using data from three experiments. The first hypothesis stated that attention decreases under low task load. This was supported by comparing model outputs with data from an experiment of target searching using unmanned vehicles. Building on Hypothesis 1, the second and third hypotheses examined the impact of decreased attention on performance in responding to an emergency event. Hypothesis 2 was examined by comparing model outputs with data from an experiment of accident response in nuclear power plant monitoring. Results showed that performance is worse with lower attention levels. Hypothesis 3 was tested by comparing model outputs with data from an experiment of defensive target tracking. The results showed that the impact of decreased attention on performance was larger when the task was difficult. The process of testing these three hypotheses shows that the PAL model is a generalized theory that could explain behaviors under low task load in different supervisory control settings. Finally, benefits, limitations, generalizability and applications of the PAL model were evaluated. Further research is needed to improve and extend the PAL model, investigate individual differences to facilitate personnel selection, and develop system and task designs to mitigate negative consequences.
by Fei Gao.
Ph. D. in Engineering Systems
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Bougares, Fethi. « Attelage de systèmes de transcription automatique de la parole ». Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00839990.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Nous abordons, dans cette thèse, les méthodes de combinaison de systèmesde transcription de la parole à Large Vocabulaire. Notre étude se concentre surl'attelage de systèmes de transcription hétérogènes dans l'objectif d'améliorerla qualité de la transcription à latence contrainte. Les systèmes statistiquessont affectés par les nombreuses variabilités qui caractérisent le signal dela parole. Un seul système n'est généralement pas capable de modéliserl'ensemble de ces variabilités. La combinaison de différents systèmes detranscription repose sur l'idée d'exploiter les points forts de chacun pourobtenir une transcription finale améliorée. Les méthodes de combinaisonproposées dans la littérature sont majoritairement appliquées a posteriori,dans une architecture de transcription multi-passes. Cela nécessite un tempsde latence considérable induit par le temps d'attente requis avant l'applicationde la combinaison.Récemment, une méthode de combinaison intégrée a été proposée. Cetteméthode est basée sur le paradigme de décodage guidé (DDA :Driven DecodingAlgorithm) qui permet de combiner différents systèmes durant le décodage. Laméthode consiste à intégrer des informations en provenance de plusieurs systèmes dits auxiliaires dans le processus de décodage d'un système dit primaire.Notre contribution dans le cadre de cette thèse porte sur un double aspect : d'une part, nous proposons une étude sur la robustesse de la combinaison par décodage guidé. Nous proposons ensuite, une amélioration efficacement généralisable basée sur le décodage guidé par sac de n-grammes,appelé BONG. D'autre part, nous proposons un cadre permettant l'attelagede plusieurs systèmes mono-passe pour la construction collaborative, à latenceréduite, de la sortie de l'hypothèse de reconnaissance finale. Nous présentonsdifférents modèles théoriques de l'architecture d'attelage et nous exposons unexemple d'implémentation en utilisant une architecture client/serveur distribuée. Après la définition de l'architecture de collaboration, nous nous focalisons sur les méthodes de combinaison adaptées à la transcription automatiqueà latence réduite. Nous proposons une adaptation de la combinaison BONGpermettant la collaboration, à latence réduite, de plusieurs systèmes mono-passe fonctionnant en parallèle. Nous présentons également, une adaptationde la combinaison ROVER applicable durant le processus de décodage via unprocessus d'alignement local suivi par un processus de vote basé sur la fréquence d'apparition des mots. Les deux méthodes de combinaison proposéespermettent la réduction de la latence de la combinaison de plusieurs systèmesmono-passe avec un gain significatif du WER.
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Jimenez, Willy. « Two complementary approaches to detecting vulnerabilities in C programs ». Phd thesis, Institut National des Télécommunications, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00939088.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In general, computer software vulnerabilities are defined as special cases where an unexpected behavior of the system leads to the degradation of security properties or the violation of security policies. These vulnerabilities can be exploited by malicious users or systems impacting the security and/or operation of the attacked system. Since the literature on vulnerabilities is not always available to developers and the used tools do not allow detecting and avoiding them; the software industry continues to be affected by security breaches. Therefore, the detection of vulnerabilities in software has become a major concern and research area. Our research was done under the scope of the SHIELDS European project and focuses specifically on modeling techniques and formal detection of vulnerabilities. In this area, existing approaches are limited and do not always rely on a precise formal modeling of the vulnerabilities they target. Additionally detection tools produce a significant number of false positives/negatives. Note also that it is quite difficult for a developer to know what vulnerabilities are detected by each tool because they are not well documented. Under this context the contributions made in this thesis are: Definition of a formalism called template. Definition of a formal language, called Vulnerability Detection Condition (VDC), which can accurately model the occurrence of a vulnerability. Also a method to generate VDCs from templates has been defined. Defining a second approach for detecting vulnerabilities which combines model checking and fault injection techniques. Experiments on both approaches
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Powers, Roxane (Roxane Bloodworth). « Automation as a manpower reduction strategy in navy ships ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/104386.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis: Nav. E., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2016.Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, System Design and Management Program, 2016.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 85-87).
Since the early 2000's, the US Navy has endeavored to decrease the Total Ownership Cost (TOC) of their ships through a decrease in Operating and Support costs. This led to a large-scale effort by ship program managers to decrease crew size on current and prospective ships. Also during this time period, the rapid-onset improvement of technology led to the increase and complexity of automated systems and equipment installed on ships. These combining trends have caused ships to evolve from a fully manually operated system into a socio-technical system. But does increasing automation to support minimally manned ships lead to the expected performance? To answer this question, a thorough understanding of how the Navy currently determines its manpower requirements was obtained. The purpose was to discover the driving factors that influence manpower requirements, which are mission, installed systems, maintenance and training. Next, the process that the Navy uses to develop and manage technology was explored. The purpose was to discern the driving factors that influence technology selection, which are capability, maturity and cost. Since the Defense Acquisition System (DAS) is the framework that intersects manpower requirements, technology selection and ship design, a brief overview of DAS is given. Using key acquisition documents from DDG-51, LCS, and DDG-1000 programs, the selection, classification and implementation of automated technology on these platforms were explored. This data was then combined with the baseline manpower model to highlight key manpower and automation strategies for each platform and then study the resulting performance. From these case studies, it was determined that automation as a manpower reduction strategy gives mixed cost and readiness performance results. Although automation leads to lower manpower costs, increases in maintenance, training and shore support also occur. Some of these costs were offset through the use of human system integration early in the ship design, however, the maintenance and training costs of high-degree-automation systems was higher than estimated.
by Roxane Powers.
Nav. E.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
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Stowe, James DeWitt. « Throughput optimization of multi-agent robotic automated warehouses ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/104388.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis: M.B.A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2016. In conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT.Thesis: S.M. in Engineering Systems, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, 2016. In conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 105-107).
In 2003 Kiva Systems (now Amazon Robotics) introduced a new type material handling automation to the world. The system is based on the principle that the physical infrastructure that contains inventory should be mobile. Kiva achieved this remarkable advancement by employing a fleet of robots to move shelving to human operators. Broadly, these types of systems are defined in the literature as multi-agent robotic systems. Amazon acquired Kiva Systems in 2012 to incorporate the technology into their operations. The goal of this thesis is to optimize the throughput of warehouses employing multi-agent robotic automation. It is assumed that extracting inventory from the automated system is the limiting factor in maximizing throughput (i.e. downstream process are unconstrained). Two strategies are advocated: 1) performing velocity segregation of inventory within the automation via a bifurcation between fast selling and slow selling inventory, 2) maximizing pick rates through policies that increase worker retention. It will be shown that velocity segregation increases machine efficiency by increasing the efficiency of delivering inventory to human operators. This assertion will be investigated by developing a theoretical understanding of how inventory velocity impacts machine efficiency and simulating different types of stow strategies impact on system efficiency. It is estimated that some stow strategies can increase machine efficiency by as much as 30%. It will also be shown that the number of man-hours worked by inexperienced pickers explains practically all of the variability of aggregate pick cycle times and hence pick rates, which motivates the argument for worker retention. Together, these two modifications are estimated to increase throughput by 10% over current baseline.
by James DeWitt Stowe.
M.B.A.
S.M. in Engineering Systems
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Lin, Yishuai. « An organizational ontology for multiagent-based Enterprise Process modeling and automation ». Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00977726.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The work presented in this PhD thesis defines a new approach for the modeling and the conceptualization of enterprise business processes in the perspective of building intelligent assistance software tools to support these processes. The proposed approach defines an organizational ontology, named K-CRIO. Its description is based on the Ontology Web Language. To illustrate our work, an intelligent assistance system has been designed and implemented according to the result from the modeling and conceptualization of a specific business process with the K-CRIO Ontology. It is a web-based application that integrates and takes full advantage of multi-agent systems.The K-CRIO Ontology is an Ontology dedicated to the study of organizations and the analysis of business processes adopting an organizational point of view. Specifically, it is used to understand, analyze and reason about organizations and the processes they implement. The targeted organizations are those composed of entities involved throughout products' design and, to do so, following a defined business process. The range of this type of organizations is quite wide. We have thus limited our study to organizations that produce software as the final process goal, specifically IT enterprises delivering software products or services. In this context, the K-CRIO ontology could be used to model structure of the considered organizations and model human activities appearing in their business processes. This ontology could be used to support process assistance within the described organizations. More specifically, the ontology could provide means for reasoning, annotating resources, monitoring design processes, enabling searches and pro-actively proposing tips and proper content. In order to illustrate the usage of K-CRIO, we apply K-CRIO on two different processes: the Waterfall Model and the Scrum methodology. These examples are both classical software-development processes. Moreover, for Scrum, the famous agile software-development process widely used in software enterprises, we have designed and developed an intelligent assistance tool. This tool mainly helps Scrum Masters to make decision by monitoring Scrum project teams' activities within their various projects and collecting knowledge about these activities.
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Klee, Christopher. « AI in Marketing – Curse or Blessing ? : Impacts of Programmatic Advertising and Personalized Content on Society ». Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-299572.
Texte intégralRésumé :
With the help of Programmatic Advertising and the resulting personalized content, consumers can be targeted precisely and with the help of Artificial Intelligence. The associated use of customer data creates ethical conflicts. Therefore, the research question is asked: How does Programmatic Advertising influence consumer's data security and diversity of opinion and what effect does this have on the further development of the technology? For the purpose of elaborating the research problem a literature analysis and expert interviews are carried out. The analysis shows that Programmatic Advertising has already taken up the majority of digital advertising activities. This results in advantages for advertisers, since consumers can be addressed in a targeted manner. Nevertheless, this provokes data law issues and the demand for more data security for the individual customer, which, among other things, is given more attention by big tech companies. Due to the constant change within this trend, new possibilities arise, such as contextual targeting, in order to continue to do an efficient display of advertising. Nonetheless, this work calls for more regulations to be able to give customers a better overview and control of their used data and to avoid restricted diversities of opinion, which can be promoted through microtargeting and therefore the addressed display of content. The prospects of Programmatic Advertising, however, are predicted with a steady increase because other areas within the media landscape will be pervaded by this technology in the future.Med hjälp av programmatisk reklam och artificiell intelligens får kunder och individer reklam som är specifikt utformade för just dem. Användningen av underliggande användardata ger upphov till etiska dilemman. Således, har vi följande problemformulering: Hur påverkar programmatisk reklam användarnas data och åsikter, och vilken effekt har detta på den fortsatta utvecklingen av området? Med avsikt att vidareutveckla problemformuleringen utfördes expertintervjuer samt en litteraturstudie. Analysen visar att programmatisk reklam utgör majoriteten av all digital marknadsföring. Detta har resulterat i fördelar för marknadsförare, ty användarna kan bli bemötta mer precist. Icke desto mindre, medför detta legala problem relaterat till användardata och ett ökat kraf av dataskydd för användaren, vilket är något som får stort fokus av stora tech företag. På grund av den konstanta utvecklingen av denna metod, föds nya möjligheter, exempelvis "kontextuell riktad marknadsföring", för att fortsätta vara en effektiv marknadsföringsmetod. Därmed, redogör denna rapport för en mer reglerad spelplan där användarna får en bättre överblick och kontroll över hur deras användardata utnyttjas, samt en mindre inskränkt åsiktspåverkan, vilket är något som skulle kunna ske genom knappnålsfin riktad marknadsföring. Dock är utvecklingen för programmatisk reklam förutspådd ljus, då andra områden inom medielandskapet kommer att genomsyras av denna teknologi i framtiden
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Norigeon, Philippe. « De l'intégration technologique de l'information à l'organisation intégrée : le cas SAP R/3 dans la société Schneider Automation ». Nice, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NICE0038.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La mondialisation des échanges impose une globalisation des activités de l'entreprise donc de l'information. Les NTIC telles que SAP R/3 sont des moyens puissants d'intégration de l'information mais présentent des risques majeurs de dysfonctionnement pour l'organisation non préparée à ces changements technologiques. Les difficultés rencontrées montrent que ces évolutions ne sont pas complètement maîtrisées par les fournisseurs de progiciels, les sociétés de conseil et les entreprises. Au-delà du système d'information intégré, l'intégration organisationnelle est à construire au travers de systèmes d'actions cohérents, de réseaux d'acteurs coopératifs, de communautés authentiquement constituées autour de valeurs redonnant du sens à l'action collective. Cette nécessité de refondation sociale rend obsolètes les visions classiques de l'organisation appelant de nouvelles logiques de management des entreprises engendrées par le glissement du paradigme financier vers celui de la connaissanceThe globalization of trade dictates the globalization of firm activities therefore of information. NTIC like SAP R/3 are powerful system of information integration but can induce bad functioning of organization not ready for this technological change. Difficulties occurred show that this evolutions are not fully under control of software suppliers, consulting companies and firms. Beyond integrated information system, organizational integration must be built through consistent actions systems, cooperative networks of actors, communities authentically constituted around values restoring sense in collective action. This necessity of new social foundation makes classical visions of organizations obsolete opening new ways in firm management inferred by a shift from financial paradigm to knowledge paradigm
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Bazzana, Manuel. « Développement et mise en application d'un cadre de modélisation pour l'analyse des risques appliqués aux systèmes constructifs ». Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00701440.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Les outils logiciels d'analyse des risques contribuent à la maîtrise de la qualité des produits, notamment en permettant l'identification de leurs modes de défaillances potentiels. Le travail de thèse présenté dans ce mémoire porte sur la définition d'un cadre de modélisation générique adapté aux produits du bâtiment et destiné à servir de base pour le développement d'un tel outil. Ce cadre de modélisation vise à permettre une représentation qualitative et unifiée des systèmes constructifs et de leurs modes de fonctionnement. Les différents objets qui le constituent ainsi que leurs articulations permettant de réaliser l'étude d'un produit sont décrits et illustrés. Un prototype d'outil fonctionnel est ensuite développé sur la base de ces travaux, puis mis en application au travers de plusieurs études.
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Marek, Filip. « Jak informatika, věda a technologie ovlivní naši společnost ». Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-199566.
Texte intégralRésumé :
My final thesis "How informatics, science and technology affect our society" deals with an often ignored topic of the impact technology on our society. The thesis analyzes all possible positive and negative aspects of technological progress. The threats are described as social dependence on the machines and as well as the gradual moving out people from jobs. The existing system of capitalism below this technology cannot resist pressure and the pressure is a threat of his crash. The question remains to what kind of system should our civilization has to survive. Here come to the word famous futurologists, economists, sociologists, psychologists and architects. These groups of people are trying to sketch a rough draft feature of the future system. The threat of collapse of civilization can be averted. Unfortunately, each of them has their own vision and mostly of them work individually on their projects of new world. My task was to unify visions and to create a realistic vision of the whole society. The second part of my work describes the vision of these famous people and tries to find their mutual consistency. All of the visions have some deficiencies, or they are not well thought out in all aspects, so my other goal was to try to eliminate these defects or minimize them. The task for this thesis is to unite the ideas of contemporary visionaries and convince conservatives that it is not only possible to create a new social system, but rather also necessary.
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Dinh, Trong Hiêu. « Grammaires de graphes et langages formels ». Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00665732.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Cette thèse apporte plusieurs contributions dans le domaine des langages formels. Notre premier travail a été de montrer la pertinence des grammaires de graphes comme outil de démonstration de résultats fondamentaux sur les langages algébriques. Nous avons ainsi reformulé avec un point de vue géométrique les démonstrations du lemme des paires itérantes et du lemme de Parikh. Nous avons ensuite étendu aux graphes réguliers des algorithmes de base sur les graphes finis, notamment pour calculer des problèmes de plus court chemin. Ces extensions ont été faites par calcul de plus petits points fixes sur les grammaires de graphes. Enfin, nous avons caractérisé des familles générales de systèmes de récriture de mots dont la dérivation préserve la régularité ou l'algébricité. Ces familles ont été obtenues par décomposition de la dérivation en une substitution régulière suivie de la dérivation du système de Dyck
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Agbossou, Igor. « Modélisation et simulation multi-agents de la dynamique urbaine : application à la mobilité résidentielle ». Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00924741.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A partir d'une réflexion conceptuelle et méthodologique pour un réel couplage des automates cellulaires et des modèles multi-agents, le modèle de simulation VisualSimores a été conçu pour répondre, en partie, aux problématiques de simulation de la mobilité résidentielle en milieu urbain. L'intérêt majeur de cette approche réside dans la mise en exergue, dans une perspective d'aide à la décision en aménagement et urbanisme, des rapports qu'entretiennent entre eux, deux phénomènes séparément observables : la mobilité résidentielle des ménages d'une part et les changements urbains d'autre part. La difficulté de l'exercice apparaît immédiatement : il s'agit de cerner les liens qui, à certains types de ménages font correspondre des catégories de logements et vise versa. Plus largement, il s'agit d'identifier les logiques selon lesquelles les ménages expriment et concrétisent leur choix résidentiels. Dans cette perspective, et en raison de la nature complexe du système urbain, la combinaison d'un modèle d'automates cellulaires contraint par un modèle bayésien du comportement des ménages et le paradigme multi agents se révèle plus appropriée.
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Růžičková, Martina. « UNIVERSAL BASIC OPRESSION ». Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta výtvarných umění, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-295731.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Master's thesis Polyamory Design Unit (PDU) explores the possibilities of collaboration between experts being active in fine arts, product design, graphic design, architecture and philosophy in order to create a speculative future scenario. Together with Jana Trundova, Simon Barak, Ondrej Mohyla and Lukas Likavcan, I create the concept and the presentation structure for a housing complex, which is designed for polyamoric coexistence of human and non-human entities. Such a coexistence is made possible by full automation of work and global implementation of universal basic income. These initial parameters constitute a big emancipatory potential, that could change present meaning of the concept of polyamory and thus redefine networks of relations in bigger scales too.
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Berthelot, Geoffroy. « L'expansion phénotypique et ses limites ». Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00917998.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Le développement futur des performances sportives est un sujet de mythe et de désaccord entre les experts. Un article, publié en 2004, a donné lieu à un vif débat dans le domaine universitaire. Il suggère que les modèles linéaires peuvent être utilisés pour prédire -sur le long terme- la performance humaine dans les courses de sprint. Des arguments en faveur et en défaveur de cette méthodologie ont été avancés par différent scientifiques et d'autres travaux ont montré que le développement des performances est non linéaire au cours du siècle passé. Une autre étude a également souligné que la performance est liée au contexte économique et géopolitique. Dans ce travail, nous avons étudié les frontières suivantes: le développement temporel des performances dans des disciplines Olympiques et non Olympiques, avec le vieillissement chez les humains et d'autres espèces (lévriers, pur sangs, souris). Nous avons également étudié le développement des performances d'un point de vue plus large en analysant la relation entre performance, durée de vie et consommation d'énergie primaire. Nous montrons que ces développements physiologiques sont limités dans le temps et que les modèles linéaires introduits précédemment sont de mauvais prédicteurs des phénomènes biologiques et physiologiques étudiés. Trois facteurs principaux et directs de la performance sportive sont l'âge, la technologie et les conditions climatiques (température). Cependant, toutes les évolutions observées sont liées au contexte international et à l'utilisation des énergies primaires, ce dernier étant un paramètre indirect du développement de la performance. Nous montrons que lorsque les indicateurs des performances physiologiques et sociétales -tels que la durée de vie et la densité de population- dépendent des énergies primaires, la source d'énergie, la compétition inter-individuelle et la mobilité sont des paramètres favorisant la réalisation de trajectoires durables sur le long terme. Dans le cas contraire, la grande majorité (98,7%) des trajectoires étudiées atteint une densité de population égale à 0 avant 15 générations, en raison de la dégradation des conditions environnementales et un faible taux de mobilité. Ceci nous a conduit à considérer que, dans le contexte économique turbulent actuel et compte tenu de la crise énergétique à venir, les performances sociétales et physiques ne devraient pas croître continuellement.
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Kaboli, Mohammad Hadi. « Operational research on an urban planning tool : application in the urban development of Strasbourg 1982 ». Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01057695.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The impact of spatial characteristics on the dynamics of urban development is a topic of great interest in urban studies. The interaction between the residents and the spatial characteristics is of particular interest in the context of urban models where some of the most famous urban models have been based on the process of individual settlements in some specific parts of cities.This research investigates the dynamism of urban development modeled by Cellular Automata and Multi-Agent System. The urban development, in this study embraces urban renewal and residential mobility. It corresponds to the residential mobility of households, attracted by residential and centrality comfort; these comforts are crystallized in some areas and residences of Strasbourg. The diversity and quality of these comforts become criteria for residential choice in a way that the households seek for proximity to these comforts.The Cellular Automata in this study, models the spatial characteristics of urban spatial units and they are identified by some inherent attributes that are equal to the comfort in residences and urban areas. The Multi- Agent System represent a system in which the population of the city interact between them and between them and the city; the agents delegate the socio-professional classes of households. During the spatiotemporal change, the aspiration of households forms the socio-spatio-temporal development of the city.
21
Vincent, Arnaud. « Human computation appliqué au trading algorithmique ». Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00958007.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Le trading algorithmique utilisé à des fins spéculatives a pris un véritable essor depuis les années 2000, en optimisant d'abord l'exécution sur les marchés d'ordres issus de décisions humaines d'arbitrage ou d'investissement, puis en exécutant une stratégie d'investissement pré-programmée ou systématique où l'humain est cantonné au rôle de concepteur et de superviseur. Et ce, malgré les mises en garde des partisans de l'Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) qui indiquent que pourvu que le marché soit efficient, la spéculation est vaine.Le Human Computation (HC) est un concept singulier, il considère le cerveau humain comme le composant unitaire d'une machine plus vaste, machine qui permettrait d'adresser des problèmes d'une complexité hors de portée des calculateurs actuels. Ce concept est à la croisée des notions d'intelligence collective et des techniques de Crowdsourcing permettant de mobiliser des humains (volontaires ou non, conscients ou non, rémunérés ou non) dans la résolution d'un problème ou l'accomplissement d'une tâche complexe. Le projet Fold-it en biochimie est ainsi venu apporter la preuve indiscutable de la capacité de communautés humaines à constituer des systèmes efficaces d'intelligence collective, sous la forme d'un serious game en ligne.Le trading algorithmique pose des difficultés du même ordre que celles rencontrées par les promoteurs de Fold-it et qui les ont conduits à faire appel à la CPU humaine pour progresser de façon significative. La question sera alors de savoir où et comment utiliser le HC dans une discipline qui se prête très mal à la modélisation 3D ou à l'approche ludique afin d'en mesurer l'efficacité.La qualification et la transmission de l'information par réseaux sociaux visant à alimenter un système de trading algorithmique et fondé sur ce principe de HC constituent la première expérimentation de cette thèse. L'expérimentation consistera à analyser en temps réel le buzz Twitter à l'aide de deux méthodes différentes, une méthode asémantique qui cible les événements inattendus remontés par le réseau Twitter (comme l'éruption du volcan islandais en 2010) et une méthode sémantique plus classique qui cible des thématiques connues et anxiogènes pour les marchés financiers. On observe une amélioration significative des performances des algorithmes de trading uniquement sur les stratégies utilisant les données de la méthode asémantique.La deuxième expérimentation de HC dans la sphère du trading algorithmique consiste à confier l'optimisation de paramètres de stratégies de trading à une communauté de joueurs, dans une démarche inspirée du jeu Fold-it. Dans le jeu en ligne baptisé Krabott, chaque solution prend la forme d'un brin d'ADN, les joueurs humains sont alors sollicités dans les phases de sélection et de reproduction des individus-solutions.Krabott démontre la supériorité des utilisateurs humains sur la machine dans leurs capacités d'exploration et leurs performances moyennes quelle que soit la façon dont on compare les résultats. Ainsi, une foule de plusieurs centaines de joueurs surperforme systématiquement la machine sur la version Krabott V2 et sur l'année 2012, résultats confirmés avec d'autres joueurs sur la version Krabott V3 en 2012-2013. Fort de ce constat, il devient possible de construire un système de trading hybride homme-machine sur la base d'une architecture de HC où chaque joueur est la CPU d'un système global de trading.La thèse conclut sur l'avantage compétitif qu'offrirait la mise en œuvre d'une architecture de HC à la fois sur l'acquisition de données alimentant les algorithmes de trading et sur la capacité d'un tel système à optimiser les paramètres de stratégies existantes. Il est pertinent de parier à terme sur la capacité de la foule à concevoir et à maintenir de façon autonome des stratégies de trading algorithmique, dont la complexité finirait par échapper totalement à la compréhension humaine individuelle.
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Diagne, Fama. « Preuve de propriétés dynamiques en B ». Phd thesis, Institut National des Télécommunications, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00939071.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Les propriétés que l'on souhaite exprimer sur les applications système d'information ne peuvent se restreindre aux propriétés statiques, dites propriétés d'invariance, qui portent sur des états du système pris au même moment. En effet, certaines propriétés, dites propriétés dynamiques, peuvent faire référence à l'état passé ou futur du système. Les travaux existants sur la vérification de telles propriétés utilisent généralement le model checking dont l'efficacité pour le domaine des systèmes d'information est plutôt réduite à cause de l'explosion combinatoire de l'espace des états. Aussi, les techniques, fondées sur la preuve, requièrent des connaissances assez avancées en termes de raisonnement mathématique et sont donc difficiles à mettre en œuvre d'autant plus que ces dernières ne sont pas outillées. Pour palier ces limites, nous proposons dans cette thèse des méthodes de vérification de propriétés dynamiques basées sur la preuve en utilisant la méthode formelle B. Nous nous intéressons principalement aux propriétés d'atteignabilité et de précédence pour lesquelles nous avons défini des méthodes de génération d'obligations de preuve permettant de les prouver. Une propriété d'atteignabilité permet d'exprimer qu'il existe au moins une exécution du système qui permet d'atteindre un état cible à partir d'un état initial donné. Par contre, la propriété de précédence permet de s'assurer qu'un état donné du système est toujours précédé par un autre état. Afin de rendre ces différentes approches opérationnelles, nous avons développé un outil support qui permet de décharger l'utilisateur de la tâche de génération d'obligations de preuve qui peut être longue et fastidieuse
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Mouhieddine, Maria. « Aspects formels du dîwân de Jamîl Buṯayna ». Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00682573.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Notre objectif étant de procéder à une analyse des aspects formels du dîwân de Jamîl Buṯayna (poète arabe et héros de roman mort aux environs de 701) nous avons commencé par donner du texte une édition intégralement vocalisée et métriquement cohérente à partir de quatre éditions publiées antérieurement. A partir de cette édition, une analyse syllabique intégrale du diwân a été possible grâce au logiciel Xalîl élaboré par Djamel Eddine Kouloughli ainsi qu'un lexique fréquentiel. Dans le deuxième tome, nous avons procédé, à partir de l'analyse syllabique, à une analyse métrique. Le principal résultat de cette analyse a été la mise en évidence d'une systématisation du respect des zones de stabilité qui était sujettes à variation dans la poésie arabe ancienne. L'autre aspect de l'analyse a consisté dans l'extraction des formules du dîwân ; nous avons suivi pour cela une méthode originale que nous avons appelée : prospection guidée métriquement. Cette méthode a permis non seulement de détecter un grand nombre de formules en usage jusqu'au XIIIe siècle, date à laquelle nous avons arrêté l'analyse, mais elle a également mis en évidence l'existence de nombreux vers ou fragments de poèmes que l'on retrouve particulièrement dans les diwân de Jamîl Buṯayna, Majnûn Laylâ, Kuṯayyir Azza, Nuṣayb b. Rabâḥ et Qays b. Ḏariḥ qui constituent un fond commun sans doute à la portée de tous à l'époque et qu'il est donc vain de parler à ce propos de plagiat ou d'antériorité.
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Tai, Yu Ting, et 戴瑜廷. « Automatic Content Analysis Using Text Mining to Investigate How News Events Trigger the Response of Society ». Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93305904970022325343.
Texte intégralRésumé :
碩士國立清華大學
服務科學研究所
103
In recent years, the crisis of food safety events continued happened in interval. There are three main food safety events, in sequence, “Plasticizer”, “Poison starch” and “Fake oil”. However, the related news reports are too enormous to be digested efficiently by the readers. In addition, it’s interested to know if similar events happen again, would they learn something from the past experiences and responds in a different way. This study aimed to propose a system that can automatic analyze the related news belonging to the same topic. First, this study presents the opinions of each stakeholder on each period of the news development by clustering. Second, this system extracts the important content of news reports using summarization and provides the summarization of each news event to readers. Finally, this study combines the system with Focused Conversation Method (ORID) to evaluate the effective of the system and to explore the response of readers to the news events. With the facility of the system that we proposed, the readers can understand the development of news event efficiently and recall their feeling, thought, and reaction for the news events at the moment that the event happened.
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Wang, Jin. « Developing and Testing an Integrated Model of Choking in Sport ». Thesis, 2002. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/230/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In general, choking has been defined as the occurrence of sub-optimal performance under pressure (Baumeister and Showers, 1986). The most widely accepted theory of choking is what I have labeled the 'automatic execution model' (Baumeister, 1984), the basic premise being that choking occurs due to the inhibition of well-learned or automatic skills. The present dissertation was designed to test the automatic execution model in a sport context. Beyond this, I was interested in broadening the research paradigm by concentrating on choking as a process. The five inter-related studies contained in this dissertation tested predictors of choking, perceptions of pressure, coping processes, the automatic execution model, and gender differences. The general aim of this dissertation was to produce an integrated model of choking in sport. The five studies used to examine choking had a total of 89 competitive basketball players as participants (M = 20.01 years old, SD = 2.12). Sixty-four participants took part in studies, 1, 2, 3 and 5. The remaining 25 participants took part in study 4 only. All participants completed a series of basketball free throws in a low-pressure (LP) condition and a high-pressure (HP) condition. Pressure was manipulated by videotaping performance, using an audience, and offering financial incentives. In Study 1, dispositional self-consciousness (S-C) and trait anxiety (A-trait) were tested as potential predictors of choking. Participants (N = 66) completed the Self-Consciousness Scale (SCS; Fenigstein, Scheler, & Buss, 1975) and the Sport Anxiety Scale (SAS; Smith, Smoll, & Schutz, 1990). A correlational analysis and a hierarchical multiple regression analysis supported the hypothesis that athletes high in S-C and somatic A-trait were susceptible to choking under pressure. In Study 2, the effects of manipulated pressure were examined for possible changes in perceived state anxiety (A-state) and subsequently performance. Participants (N = 64) completed the modified Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2; Jones & Swain, 1992) prior to performing in the LP condition and the HP condition. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and a correlational analysis showed that participants experienced increased intensity of somatic and cognitive A-state in the HP condition, but the direction (facilitative/debilitative) of somatic A-state and cognitive A-state did not change significantly. Correlation analysis between A-state and performance under pressure was also not significant. In addition, a one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) showed an absence of significant differences in performance between participants who had a negative A-state and participants who had a positive A-state. Study 3 was designed to examine the relationship between coping styles and choking susceptibility. Participants (N = 64) completed the Coping Style Inventory for Athletes (CSIA; Anshel & Kaissidis, 1997). As stated above participants also completed the CSAI-2 prior to performing in the LP and HP conditions. Correlation and hierarchical regression analyses supported the hypothesis that approach coping strategies would result in heightened A-state and performance decrements under pressure. In Study 4, the automatic execution model was tested by investigating possible differences in the occurrence of choking as a function of task characteristics. Participants (N = 25) completed a running task (effort-dominant task) and a free throw shooting task (skill-dominant task) in a LP condition and a HP condition. As hypothesized, a series of t tests showed that the HP condition resulted in improved performance for the running task but decrements in performance for the free-throw shooting task. Study 5 was used to investigate potential gender differences in choking susceptibility. Participants (male = 46; female = 18) had already completed the SCS, SAS, CSIA, and CSAI-2. A one-way MANCOVA showed there were no gender differences in somatic and cognitive A-state changes from the LP condition to the HP condition. Furthermore, a one-way ANCOVA showed no gender differences in performance from the LP condition to the HP condition. In addition, a correlational analysis showed that S-C was more likely to affect performance for females and A-trait was more likely to affect performance for males. Based on the results of these five studies, previous choking research, and the theoretical choking framework, a proposed choking process model is presented and discussed. This proposed choking process model includes susceptibility factors, perception of pressure, coping process, task characteristics, and skill levels.
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Resnikoff, Jason Zachary. « The Misanthropic Sublime : Automation and the Meaning of Work in the Postwar United States ». Thesis, 2019. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-51xf-0119.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In the United States of America after World War II, Americans from across the political spectrum adopted the technological optimism of the postwar period to resolve one of the central contradictions of industrial society—the opposition between work and freedom. Although classical American liberalism held that freedom for citizens meant owning property they worked for themselves, many Americans in the postwar period believed that work had come to mean the act of maintaining mere survival. The broad acceptance of this degraded meaning of work found expression in a word coined by managers in the immediate postwar period: “automation.” Between the late 1940s and the early 1970s, the word “automation” stood for a revolutionary development, even though few could agree as to precisely what kind of technology it described. Rather than a specific technology, however, this dissertation argues that “automation” was a discourse that defined work as mere biological survival and saw the end of human labor as the the inevitable result of technological progress. In premising liberation on the end of work, those who subscribed to the automation discourse made political freedom contingent not on the distribution of power, but on escape from the limits of the human body itself. Abandoning the workplace as a site of political contest, managers in the postwar period sped up workers, broke unions, and sent jobs where non-unionized labor could be had more cheaply—all of which managers, lawmakers, and even union officials called “progress.”
While existing scholarship on “automation” presumes that the word describes a clear-cut technology or industrial process, this dissertation returns the concept to its ideological roots. What most called “automation” often created more human labor or intensified labor already present—in particular in the automobile and computer industries where the word was coined. The accounts of workers in these industries show that “automation” often meant the intensification of labor. The dissertation considers how different constituencies deployed the automation discourse to advance a reformist or even radical politics that sought the abolition of work. It shows how under the sign of the automation discourse “leisure” became a synonym for liberation. It explores how “automation” and the meaning of work it conveyed influenced the development of the welfare programs of the Great Society, as well as the politics of the New Left and black liberation. The automation discourse likewise influenced the postwar conception of reproductive labor and the development of second wave feminism. The dissertation ends in the mid-1970s when a national, militant, rank-and-file workers’ movement coincided with increasing distrust of industrial society, leading unions, managers, and lawmakers—after decades of calling for the abolition of human labor—to demand the “humanization” of work.
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Chiu, Sheng-fei, et 邱聖斐. « Research on the Protection of Privacy Right in the Information Society- focusing on RFID applied in Automated Airport Control System ». Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34674630183921084385.
Texte intégralRésumé :
碩士東吳大學
法律學系
97
With the development of information science and technology, more new devices and technology have been continuously introduced. Radio Frequency Identification System is indeed seen as the gate way, often referred to as the internet of things in which the internet does not link computers and communications terminals, but potentially any of our daily surrounding objects. However, because of the contact-less retrieval, the transmission of data in the air is very vulnerable to eavesdropping or appropriation. A primary security concern surrounding RFID technology is the illicit tracking; the attackers can randomly access, falsify data, and heavily strike privacy rights, so the protected field of the right of privacy has necessity extended. With the analysis of the literature review, the study aims to investigate if there is any practical respect that we could learn from Europe and America, whose development of technology is more advanced. Further, by means of discussing in the related realm, especially the issue of the right of privacy, we could understand and contemplate relevant questions and then provide suggestions for the current regulations. It is necessary to provide security for thdse objects. The main goal of this article is to define the best mode of regulations about RFID. Firstly, it will discusses the restriction of the current law to information privacy rights and concentrates on the influence on privacy regulations of RFID application by legal aspects and the disadvantages of current privacy regulations. Secondly, it will introduce the basic principles and the applications of RFID applied in automated airport control system briefly, then analysis of the influences and doubts that RFID brings. Thirdly, it focuses on the relevant regulations and concerns in Europe and America to find some references and clues. Additionally, do current privacy regulations copy with influence? Finally, it will find out the probability of RFID regulated types and conclusions to draw out the final core concept: The appropriate way to solve the conflicts between the developent of emerging science and technology and personal information privacy rights.
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Vaughn, James Roy. « A fundamental approximation in MATLAB of the efficiency of an automotive differential in transmitting rotational kinetic energy ». Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2012-05-4980.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The VCOST budgeting tool uses a drive cycle simulator to improve fuel economy predictions for vehicle fleets. This drive cycle simulator needs to predict the efficiency of various components of the vehicle's powertrain including any differentials. Existing differential efficiency models either lack accuracy over the operating conditions considered or require too great an investment. A fundamental model for differential efficiency is a cost-effective solution for predicting the odd behaviors unique to a differential. The differential efficiency model itself combines the torque balance equation and the Navier-Stokes equations with models for gear pair, bearing, and seal efficiencies under a set of appropriate assumptions. Comparison of the model with existing data has shown that observable trends in differential efficiency are reproducible in some cases to within 10% of the accepted efficiency value over a range of torques and speeds that represents the operating conditions of the differential. Though the model is generally an improvement over existing curve fits, the potential exists for further improvement to the accuracy of the model. When the model performs correctly, it represents an immense savings over collecting data with comparable accuracy.text
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Morley, Chantal. « Recherche sur le choix et la mise en pratique d'une méthode de développement de système d'information automatisé ». Phd thesis, 1991. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00994954.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Le but de la thèse est de mener une réflexion, à partir d'observations en entreprise, sur les causes d'échec ou de succès dans l'utilisation d'une méthode de développement de système d'information automatisé. Les observations sont confrontées à trois théories proposant des facteurs de contingence, caractérisant le projet ou son contexte, qui appellent une réponse méthodologique adaptée. Les résultats de la recherche ont mis en évidence l'existence d'un triple processus: production, décision et changement. Les méthodes se focalisent généralement sur le processus de production, alors que la mise en pratique oblige, pour que la démarche aboutisse, à piloter simultanément les prises de décision, les changements de comportement et les activités de production. C'est ce pilotage qui requiert une adaptation aux caractéristiques du projet
30
Zafalon, Zaira-Regina. « As bibliotecas na cibercultura : crítica da estética da informação na era do cyberspace ». Thesis, 2006. http://eprints.rclis.org/9059/1/As_bibliotecas_na_cibercultura_-_Zaira_Regina_Zafalon.pdf.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The purpose of this Master’s Dissertation is to study virtual libraries from a historical and descriptive standpoint, with emphasis on a recurrent conceptual setting within the context of cyberculture, taken as a time category corresponding to the contemporary phase of mediatic civilization. The empirical factors and aspects of the object of research have been delimited since at least 1994. Based on a research methodology founded upon a review of the literature, this work involves a study of traditional, real time and hybrid libraries. The subject of this research, marked by theoretical and practical aspects, encompasses general and specific implications concerning the emergence of virtual libraries, involving, simultaneously, the hypotheses that the emergence of virtual libraries may not show a correlation with traditional libraries and that the development of the former is due to the development of the latter or even to a process motivated by the typicity of the post-modern culture. The attainment of the objectives of this research presupposes an understanding of the social, historical and cultural statute of libraries in general and of the sociotechnological aspects of cyberculture and cyberspace; a study of the influence of post-modern culture on the development or the obliteration, oblivion or pulverization of traditional libraries; identification of the modus operandi of the process of acculturation in cyberspace; and an understanding of the change in the esthetics of information in the cybercultural environment. Similarly, this study aims to analyze the various models of organization of information, focusing on its access, within the ambit of in loco, real time and hybrid libraries, which, in this context, implies a critical survey of the technologies destined for the development of bibliotheconomic services. Based on this demarcation of theoretical and methodological principles, the development and consolidation of the horizons of this Dissertation encompass, fundamentally, its entire belongingness to the area of Communications.
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Kenke, Ralph. « A creative study on data portraits : the visualisation process of self-surveillance as an indicator of datafication of social life ». Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1413586.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)This research is a practice-based speculative design enquiry into the emerging field of data portraiture. Humans’ use of the networked digital environments that are now so much a part of life leaves a massive data trail of individuals’ everyday interactions with these environments. An increasing quantity of this data trail remains invisible. Although we spend a significant amount of time participating in digital network activities, we have just started to discover the potential of visualising personal data as a graphical representation. The term ‘data portraiture’ was developed by Donath (2014) to describe the practice of ‘artists’ turning these data ‘pictures’ into visible ‘portraits’: ‘Data portraits are depictions of people made by visualising data by and about them’ and ‘their aim is to humanize the online experience’ (187). Data portraits can reveal individuals’ preferences, skills and talent, yet also record their mistakes, failure and history. As a consequence, data portraits can indicate society’s collective engagement in self-surveillance and empower the public to debate the current datafication of social life. Data portraits can appear in different forms; some are graphs, while others are typographic displays that reveal recorded conversations, and some even take a sculptural figurative shape. These data trails can shape depictions of online behaviour, experiences and interests. Traditionally, ‘pictures’ that depict individuals’ physical likeness and infer their behaviour, experiences and interests are labelled ‘portraits’ and created by artists. Network technology enables humans to share personal data on a large scale, thereby facilitating a global dialogue in a telematic society. This research into the emerging field of data portraiture seeks to understand the role of the ‘artist’ as creative practitioner in interpreting qualitative data into image experiences, and to offer insights into the behaviour and interests of individuals engaging with such work. Through a number design iterations, this research investigates a potential visual format by initially using manually collected quantitative data, before shifting to an automated process to record qualitative photography data of selfies shared on Instagram to successfully demonstrate what a ‘global image scenario’ in a gallery has to offer. Further, it reveals the importance of participant contribution to the ‘datafication’ of social life and the emergence of ‘surveillance capitalism’. This study’s original contribution to knowledge focuses on the continuum of aesthetics and functionality, and, throughout the implementation of prototyping, the exegesis reflects on the research’s case study and provides knowledge to the emerging field and design practice.
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Viveiros, Rodrigo Benevides. « Os princípios aplicáveis à administração eletrónica : reflexos da reforma do CPA e novas tendências do direito administrativo ». Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/28733.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A presente dissertação tem como objeto os princípios aplicáveis à Administração Eletrónica em Portugal.
O nosso estudo visa em primeiro lugar compreender o meio social, organizado numa lógica de rede, em que hoje se move e adapta o Direito Administrativo. Assim, partimos da definição conceptual dessa sociedade e refletimos sobre o Novo Código de Procedimento Administrativo e a consagração do artigo 14º relativo aos princípios aplicáveis à Administração Eletrónica, descortinando cada uma das suas alíneas e procurando assinalar outros princípios de Direito e conceitos nelas presentes de forma direta ou indireta, designadamente, o conceito de eficiência e transparência da Administração e a sua relação com o direito de acesso à informação e aos meios informáticos num contexto de desmaterialização e simplificação.
Neste sentido, pretende-se explorar o artigo 14º em várias dimensões; por um lado, perceber os reflexos da reforma administrativa na sua consagração e nos conceitos que o envolvem e por outro, assinalar as novas tendências do Direito Administrativo presentes no mesmo.
Por fim, procuramos perceber a sua influência na previsão legal do processo administrativo eletrónico, explicando como este se procede no recurso às novas tecnologias de informação e comunicação entre a Administração e o interessado, visando compreender o fenómeno de automação das decisões administrativas e a natureza do ato resultante.The purpose of this dissertation is to understand the principles applicable to the Electronic Administration in Portugal. First of all, our study aims to understand the social environment, organized in network logic, in which Administrative Law moves and adapts. We start from the conceptual definition of this society and reflect on the New Code of Administrative Procedure and the consecration of the article 14º, on the principles applicable to Electronic Administration, revealing each one of its lines seeking to point out other principles of Law and concepts present in them like the concept of efficiency and transparency of the Administration and the right of access to the information and the means of computing in a context of dematerialization and simplification. We intended to explore the Article 14º in several dimensions, on one hand, perceive the reflexes of administrative reform in the article and the concepts that involve it, on other, point out new trends in Administrative Law present in it. In this sense, we intend to understand the influence on the prevision of the electronic administrative process, explaining how this is done in the use of new information and communication technologies between the Administration and the interested and finally we aim to understand the phenomenon of automation of administrative decisions and the nature of the resulting act.
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Bejarano-Ballen, Juan S. « Análisis de los altos cargos de la Generalitat Valenciana ». Thesis, 2017. http://eprints.rclis.org/31994/1/TFM_Juan_Sebastian_Bejarano.pdf.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The high positions are the political base of the public administration in our country. The citizen knows them fundamentally, through the means, but this image provides a fragmented vision. The websites of the administration offer complete information about them and their competencies, but as a snapshot, of the corresponding legislature. So where is the map of the political power of an administration throughout its history? Nowhere. The dispersion of this information, so significant, and the lack of understanding may be acting to the detriment of the transparency of governments. The interest of the citizens in the politics and in the actions of the politicians supposes a social change in which the maximum is the transparency and the accessibility to the information of public character in a clear and organized form.
The project proposes to build an automated methodology and a prototype of a graph based on this information from unstructured sources that is useful for citizenship and administration in order to relate and organize the information of the Generalitat Valenciana. The model with the data that support it will be released for later reuse and adaptation to other administrations.
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Schmidt, Nora. « Semantisches Publizieren im interdisziplinären Wissenschaftsnetzwerk. Theoretische Grundlagen und Anforderungen ». Thesis, 2014. http://eprints.rclis.org/24215/1/schmidt_semantic-publishing_e-lis.html.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The study examines preconditions to adopt semantic web technologies for a novel specialized medium of scholarly communication that – also interdisciplinary – enables the synchronicity of publication and knowledge representation on the one hand and the dynamic bundling of assertions on the other hand. Therefore it is first of all necessary to determine a concept of „(scholarly) publication“ and of neighbouring concepts. These considerations are fertilized by theories that can be related to the radical constructivism. Therefrom derives a critique of the mainstream of knowledge representation that resigns to being not able to represent the dynamics of knowledge. Finally the study evinces a conceptual outline of a technical system that is built upon the known concept of nanopublications and is called „scholarly network“. The increased effort while publishing in the scholarly network is outweighed by the benefits of this publication medium: It may help to render research outputs more precisely as well as to raise their connectivity through reducing the complexity of assertions. Beyond that it would generate an openly accessible and finely structured discourse archive – a wide participation provided.