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Articles de revues sur le sujet "AUTOMATED CONTEXTS MANAGEMENT"
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Grefen, Paul. « Networked Business Process Management ». International Journal of IT/Business Alignment and Governance 4, no 2 (juillet 2013) : 54–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijitbag.2013070104.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In the current economy, a shift can be seen from stand-alone business organizations to networks of tightly collaborating business organizations. To allow this tight collaboration, business process management in these collaborative networks is becoming increasingly important. This paper discusses automated support for this networked business process management: automated means to manage business processes that span multiple autonomous organizations. The author starts this paper with a treatment of intra- and inter-organizational business processes to provide a conceptual background for business process management in business networks. The author describes a number of research approaches in this area, including the context of these approaches and the architectures of the automated systems proposed by them. The approaches are described from early developments in the field relying on dedicated technology to current designs based on standardized technology in a service-oriented context. The paper thereby provides an overview of developments in the area of inter-organizational business process management in the spectrum from simple, static business networks to complex, dynamic networks. The author observes that the described BPM research efforts move from pushing new BPM technology into application domains to using BPM to realize business-IT alignment in complex application contexts.
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Benabbou, Amel, et Safia Nait-Bahloul. « Automated Context Formalization for Context-aware Specification Approach ». International Journal of Information System Modeling and Design 9, no 3 (juillet 2018) : 23–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijismd.2018070102.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Requirement specification is a key element in model-checking verification. The context-aware approach is an effective technique for automating the specification of requirement considering specific environmental conditions. In most of existing approaches, there is no support of this crucial task and are mainly based on the considerable efforts and expertise of engineers. A domain-specific language, called CDL, has been proposed to facilitate the specification of requirement by formalizing contexts. However, the feedback has shown that manually writing CDL is hard, error prone and difficult to grasp on complex systems. In this article, the authors propose an approach to automatically generate CDL models using (IODs) elaborated through transformation chains from textual use cases. They offer an intermediate formalism between informal use cases scenarios and CDL models allowing to engineers to manipulate with familiar artifacts. Thanks to such high-level formalism, the gap between informal and formal requirements is reduced; consequently, the requirement specification is facilitated.
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Grefen, Paul, et Oktay Turetken. « Advanced Business Process Management in Networked E-Business Scenarios ». International Journal of E-Business Research 13, no 4 (octobre 2017) : 70–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijebr.2017100105.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In the modern economy, we see a shift towards networked business scenarios. In many contemporary situations, the operation of multiple organizations is tightly coupled in collaborative business networks. To allow this tightly coupled collaboration, business process management (BPM) in these collaborative networks is becoming increasingly important. We discuss automated support for this networked BPM: automated means to manage business processes that span multiple autonomous organizations - thereby combining aspects of process management and e-business. We first provide a conceptual background for networked BPM. We describe a number of research approaches in this area, ranging from early developments to contemporary designs in a service-oriented context. This provides an overview of developments in which we observe several major trends. Firstly, we see a development from support for static business processes to support for highly dynamic processes. Secondly, we see how approaches move from addressing simple business collaboration networks to addressing complex networks. Thirdly, we find a move from the use of dedicated information technology to the use of standard technology. Finally, we observe that the BPM research efforts move through time from pushing new BPM technology into application domains to using BPM to realize business-IT alignment in application contexts.
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Langer, Markus, Cornelius J. König, Diana Ruth-Pelipez Sanchez et Sören Samadi. « Highly automated interviews : applicant reactions and the organizational context ». Journal of Managerial Psychology 35, no 4 (31 décembre 2019) : 301–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmp-09-2018-0402.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Purpose The technological evolution of job interviews continues as highly automated interviews emerge as alternative approaches. Initial evidence shows that applicants react negatively to such interviews. Additionally, there is emerging evidence that contextual influences matter when investigating applicant reactions to highly automated interviews. However, previous research has ignored higher-level organizational contexts (i.e. which kind of organization uses the selection procedure) and individual differences (e.g. work experience) regarding applicant reactions. The purpose of this paper is to investigate applicant reactions to highly automated interviews for students and employees and the role of the organizational context when using such interviews. Design/methodology/approach In a 2 × 2 online study, participants read organizational descriptions of either an innovative or an established organization and watched a video displaying a highly automated or a videoconference interview. Afterwards, participants responded to applicant reaction items. Findings Participants (n=148) perceived highly automated interviews as more consistent but as conveying less social presence. The negative effect on social presence diminished organizational attractiveness. The organizational context did not affect applicant reactions to the interview approaches, whereas differences between students and employees emerged but only affected privacy concerns to the interview approaches. Research limitations/implications The organizational context seems to have negligible effects on applicant reactions to technology-enhanced interviews. There were only small differences between students and employees regarding applicant reactions. Practical implications In a tense labor market, hiring managers need to be aware of a trade-off between efficiency and applicant reactions regarding technology-enhanced interviews. Originality/value This study investigates high-level contextual influences and individual differences regarding applicant reactions to highly automated interviews.
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Ye, Jun, et Guoxin Liu. « Analysis on the Development of Automation and Intelligence in China’s Manufacturing Industry—Taking R & ; D Collaboration among Automobile Enterprises ». Mobile Information Systems 2022 (11 octobre 2022) : 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6811605.
Texte intégralRésumé :
With the development of intelligence for automated automobile industries in China, the traditional R&D mode of enterprise has evolved from integrated internal innovation within a single enterprise to collaborative innovation among enterprises, which makes enterprises break the limit of the organizational boundaries to seek for the right partners and cooperation. However, the R&D environment among business partners and the mismatch between R&D and management have greatly affected the development of intelligence for automated industrial. Based on synergetic, from the perspective of collaborative R&D among automobile companies, this paper takes the collaborative R&D between Renault-Nissan Alliance and Dongfeng Motor Group as the research object, conducting quantitative analysis using regression models and structural equation models with 423 valid questionnaires collected in three months (from October 2017 to May 2018), and attempting to reveal the situational context in the distributed innovation network as well as how the dynamic collaborative behaviors among R&D enterprises act on “collaborative R&D performance.” The results show that first, the four “collaborative contexts”–strategic context, cultural context, institutional context, and network context–have a significant positive correlation with the level of collaborative R&D; second, the three “collaborative behaviors”—knowledge sharing, information sharing, and specific asset investment—have a significant positive correlation with the level of knowledge growth; and third, the level of collaborative R&D and knowledge growth have a significant positive correlation with R&D performance. Thus, it is revealed that not only are there situational contexts among the R&D and innovation activities of the core enterprises but also dynamic collaborative behavior. This creates a new perspective for the research on the development of intelligence for automated automobile industries in China among automobile companies.
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Derakhshanfar, Hossein, J. Jorge Ochoa, Konstantinos Kirytopoulos, Wolfgang Mayer et Vivian W. Y. Tam. « Construction delay risk taxonomy, associations and regional contexts ». Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 26, no 10 (18 novembre 2019) : 2364–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-07-2018-0307.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to systematically develop a delay risk terminology and taxonomy. This research also explores two external and internal dimensions of the taxonomy to determine how much the taxonomy as a whole or combinations of its elements are generalisable. Design/methodology/approach Using mixed methods research, this systematic literature review incorporated data from 46 articles to establish delay risk terminology and taxonomy. Qualitative data of the top 10 delay risks identified in each article were coded based on the grounded theory and constant comparative analysis using a three-stage coding approach. Word frequency analysis and cross-tabulation were used to develop the terminology and taxonomy. Association rules within the taxonomy were also explored to define risk paths and to unmask associations among the risks. Findings In total, 26 delay risks were identified and grouped into ten categories to form the risk breakdown structure. The universal delay risks and other delay risks that are more or less depending on the project location were determined. Also, it is realized that delays connected to equipment, sub-contractors and design drawings are highly connected to project planning, finance and owner slow decision making, respectively. Originality/value The established terminology and taxonomy may be used in manual or automated risk management systems as a baseline for delay risk identification, management and communication. In addition, the association rules assist the risk management process by enabling mitigation of a combination of risks together.
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Azzi, Anna, Daria Battini, Maurizio Faccio, Alessandro Persona et Fabio Sgarbossa. « Inventory holding costs measurement : a multi-case study ». International Journal of Logistics Management 25, no 1 (6 mai 2014) : 109–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlm-01-2012-0004.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Purpose – Logisticians in the worldwide industry are frequently faced with the problem of measuring the total cost of holding inventories with simple and easy-to-use methodologies. The purpose of this paper is to look at the problem, and in particular illustrate the inventory holding cost rate computation, when different kind of warehousing systems are applied. Design/methodology/approach – A multiple case study analysis is here developed and supported by a methodological framework directly derived from the working group discussions and brainstorming activities. Two different field of application are considered: one related to five companies with manual warehousing systems operating with traditional fork lift trucks; the other is among five companies operating with automated storage/retrieval systems (AS/RS) to store inventories. Findings – The multi-case study helps to understand how the holding cost parameter is currently computed by industrial managers and how much the difference between manual and automated/automatic warehousing systems impacts on the inventory cost structure definition. The insights from the ten case studies provide evidence that the kind of storage system adopted inside the factory can impact on the holding cost rate computation and permit to derive important considerations. Practical implications – The final aim of this work is to help industrial engineers and logisticians in correctly understanding the inventory costs involved in their systems and their cost structure. In addition, the multi-case analysis leads to considerations, to be applied in different industrial contexts. As other industrial applications are identified, they may be analyzed by using the presented methodology, and with aid from the data from this paper. Originality/value – The relevance of this work is to help industrial engineers and logisticians in understanding correctly the inventory costs involved in their logistics systems and their cost structure. In addition, the multi-case analysis lead to interesting final considerations, easily to be applied in different industrial contexts. As other industrial applications are identified, they may be analyzed by using the methodology and extrapolating the data from this paper.
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Dzieduszyński, Tomasz. « Convolutional Neural Networks as Context-Scraping Tools in Architecture and Urban Planning ». BUILDER 296, no 3 (25 février 2022) : 79–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.7566.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Data s craping” i s a t erm usually used in Web browsing to refer to the automated process of data extraction from websites or interfaces designed for human use. Currently, nearly two thirds of Net traffic are generated by bots rather than humans. Similarly, Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) can be used as artificial agents scraping cities for relevant contexts. The convolutional filters, which distinguish CNNs from the Fully-connected Neural Networks (FNNs), make them very promising candidates for feature detection in the abundant and easily accessible smart-city data consisting of GIS and BIM models, as well as satellite imagery and sensory outputs. These new, convolutional city users could roam the abstract, digitized spaces of our cities to provide insight into the architectural and urban contexts relevant to design and management processes. This article presents the results of a query of the state-of-the-art applications of Convolutional Neural Networks as architectural “city scrapers” and proposes a new, experimental framework for utilization of CNNs in context scraping in urban scale.
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Michellod, Julien Lancelot, Declan Kuch, Christian Winzer, Martin K. Patel et Selin Yilmaz. « Building Social License for Automated Demand-Side Management—Case Study Research in the Swiss Residential Sector ». Energies 15, no 20 (20 octobre 2022) : 7759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15207759.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Demand-side management (DSM) is increasingly needed for answering electricity flexibility needs in the upcoming transformation of energy systems. Use of automation leads to better efficiency, but its acceptance is problematic since it is linked with several issues, such as privacy or loss of control. Different approaches investigate what should be done for building community support for automation for the purpose of DSM, but it is only recently that literature has shown interest in the application of social license as a concept merging several issues traditionally treated separately. The social license concept emerged in the mining sector before being adopted for other problematic resources. It serves to identify different levels of community support for a project/company as well as various factors that influence it, such as economic and socio-political legitimacy and interactional trust. This paper investigates, through empirical evidence from eight case studies, what has been done in different contexts to build trust and legitimacy for an automated DSM project. Our findings suggest that patterns exist in respect of benefits, risks and rationale presented, the retention of control, information gathered, and inclusion and that these factors differ according to appliances/devices automated, operators of automation, and end-users targeted.
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Bonnet, Pierre, Christophe Botella, François Munoz, Pascal Monestiez, Mathias Chouet, Hervé Goëau et Alexis Joly. « Automated Identification of Citizen Science Observations for Ecological Studies ». Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (17 mai 2018) : e25450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.25450.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Pl@ntNet is an international initiative which was the first one attempting to combine the force of citizens networks with automated identification tools based on machine learning technologies (Joly et al. 2014). Launched in 2009 by a consortium involving research institutes in computer sciences, ecology and agriculture, it was the starting point of several scientific and technological productions (Goëau et al. 2012) which finally led to the first release of the Pl@ntNet app (iOS in February 2013 (Goëau et al. 2013) and Android (Goëau et al. 2014) the following year). Initially based on 800 plant species, the app was progressively enlarged to thousands of species of the European, North American and tropical regions. Nowadays, the app covers more than 15 000 species and is adapted to 22 regional and thematic contexts, such as the Andean plant species, the wild salads of southern Europe, the indigenous trees species of South Africa, the flora of the Indian Ocean Islands, the New Caledonian Flora, etc. The app is translated in 11 languages and is being used by more than 3 millions of end-users all over the world, mostly in Europe and the US. The analysis of the data collected by Pl@ntnet users, which represent more than 24 millions of observations up to now, has a high potential for different ecological and management questions. A recent work (Botella et al. 2018), in particular, did show that the stream of Pl@ntNet observations could allow a fine-grained and regular monitoring of some species of interest such as invasive ones. However, this requires cautious considerations about the contexts in which the application is used. In this talk, we will synthesize the results of this study and present another one related to phenology. Indeed, as the phenological stage of the observed plants is also recorded, these data offer a rich and unique material for phenological studies at large geographical or taxonomical scale. We will share preliminary results obtained on some important pantropical species (such as the Melia azedarach L., and the Lantana camara L.), for which we have detected significant intercontinental phenological patterns, among the project data.
Thèses sur le sujet "AUTOMATED CONTEXTS MANAGEMENT"
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Hung, Victor C. « Robust dialog management through a context-centric architecture ». Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4639.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This dissertation presents and evaluates a method of managing spoken dialog interactions with a robust attention to fulfilling the human user's goals in the presence of speech recognition limitations. Assistive speech-based embodied conversation agents are computer-based entities that interact with humans to help accomplish a certain task or communicate information via spoken input and output. A challenging aspect of this task involves open dialog, where the user is free to converse in an unstructured manner. With this style of input, the machine's ability to communicate may be hindered by poor reception of utterances, caused by a user's inadequate command of a language and/or faults in the speech recognition facilities. Since a speech-based input is emphasized, this endeavor involves the fundamental issues associated with natural language processing, automatic speech recognition and dialog system design. Driven by Context-Based Reasoning, the presented dialog manager features a discourse model that implements mixed-initiative conversation with a focus on the user's assistive needs. The discourse behavior must maintain a sense of generality, where the assistive nature of the system remains constant regardless of its knowledge corpus. The dialog manager was encapsulated into a speech-based embodied conversation agent platform for prototyping and testing purposes. A battery of user trials was performed on this agent to evaluate its performance as a robust, domain-independent, speech-based interaction entity capable of satisfying the needs of its users.ID: 029094516; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2010.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 280-301).
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Engineering and Computer Science
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Hatem, Muna Salman. « A framework for semantic web implementation based on context-oriented controlled automatic annotation ». Thesis, University of Bradford, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/3207.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Semantic Web is the vision of the future Web. Its aim is to enable machines to process Web documents in a way that makes it possible for the computer software to "understand" the meaning of the document contents. Each document on the Semantic Web is to be enriched with meta-data that express the semantics of its contents. Many infrastructures, technologies and standards have been developed and have proven their theoretical use for the Semantic Web, yet very few applications have been created. Most of the current Semantic Web applications were developed for research purposes. This project investigates the major factors restricting the wide spread of Semantic Web applications. We identify the two most important requirements for a successful implementation as the automatic production of the semantically annotated document, and the creation and maintenance of semantic based knowledge base. This research proposes a framework for Semantic Web implementation based on context-oriented controlled automatic Annotation; for short, we called the framework the Semantic Web Implementation Framework (SWIF) and the system that implements this framework the Semantic Web Implementation System (SWIS). The proposed architecture provides for a Semantic Web implementation of stand-alone websites that automatically annotates Web pages before being uploaded to the Intranet or Internet, and maintains persistent storage of Resource Description Framework (RDF) data for both the domain memory, denoted by Control Knowledge, and the meta-data of the Web site's pages. We believe that the presented implementation of the major parts of SWIS introduce a competitive system with current state of art Annotation tools and knowledge management systems; this is because it handles input documents in the ii context in which they are created in addition to the automatic learning and verification of knowledge using only the available computerized corporate databases. In this work, we introduce the concept of Control Knowledge (CK) that represents the application's domain memory and use it to verify the extracted knowledge. Learning is based on the number of occurrences of the same piece of information in different documents. We introduce the concept of Verifiability in the context of Annotation by comparing the extracted text's meaning with the information in the CK and the use of the proposed database table Verifiability_Tab. We use the linguistic concept Thematic Role in investigating and identifying the correct meaning of words in text documents, this helps correct relation extraction. The verb lexicon used contains the argument structure of each verb together with the thematic structure of the arguments. We also introduce a new method to chunk conjoined statements and identify the missing subject of the produced clauses. We use the semantic class of verbs that relates a list of verbs to a single property in the ontology, which helps in disambiguating the verb in the input text to enable better information extraction and Annotation. Consequently we propose the following definition for the annotated document or what is sometimes called the 'Intelligent Document' 'The Intelligent Document is the document that clearly expresses its syntax and semantics for human use and software automation'. This work introduces a promising improvement to the quality of the automatically generated annotated document and the quality of the automatically extracted information in the knowledge base. Our approach in the area of using Semantic Web iii technology opens new opportunities for diverse areas of applications. E-Learning applications can be greatly improved and become more effective.
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Lee, Ji Eun. « Examining the Effects of Discussion Strategies and Learner Interactions on Performance in Online Introductory Mathematics Courses : An Application of Learning Analytics ». DigitalCommons@USU, 2019. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7583.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This dissertation study explored: 1) instructors’ use of discussion strategies that enhance meaningful learner interactions in online discussions and student performance, and 2) learners’ interaction patterns in online discussions that lead to better student performance in online introductory mathematics courses. In particular, the study applied a set of data mining techniques to a large-scale dataset automatically collected by the Canvas Learning Management System (LMS) for five consecutive years at a public university in the U.S., which included 2,869 students enrolled in 72 courses.
First, the study found that the courses that posted more open-ended prompts, evaluated students’ discussion messages posted by students, used focused discussion settings (i.e., allowing a single response and replies to that response), and provided more elaborated feedback had higher students final grades than those which did not. Second, the results showed the instructors’ use of discussion strategies (discussion structures) influenced the quantity (volume of discussion), the breadth (distribution of participation throughout the discussion), and the quality of learner interactions (levels of knowledge construction) in online discussions. Lastly, the results also revealed that the students’ messages related to allocentric elaboration (i.e., taking other peers’ contributions in argumentive or evaluative ways) and application (i.e., application of new knowledge) showed the highest predictive value for their course performance.
The findings from this study suggest that it is important to provide opportunities for learners to freely discuss course content, rather than creating a discussion task related to producing a correct answer, in introductory mathematics courses. Other findings reported in the study can also serve as guidance for instructors or instructional designers on how to design better online mathematics courses.
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Herrera, Carlos. « Cadre générique de planification logistique dans un contexte de décisions centralisées et distribuées ». Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00639761.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Cette thèse rappelle les fondements du pilotage des systèmes logistiques et montre l'intérêt de la mise en place d'un SCP (Systèmes Contrôlés par le produit). L'intégration de tels systèmes doit d'abord prendre en compte la cohérence entre les différents éléments le constituant. Ainsi les systèmes centralisés cherchent à proposer des plans de moyen, long termes visant un optimal de coût, mais aussi une certaine stabilité et peu de nervosité. Par ailleurs, les systèmes distribués ont démontré leur capacité à permettre une réaction rapide à des événements impromptus survenant dans le système physique. L'hybridation de ces deux types de pilotage est donc une voie de gain de productivité pour les systèmes logistiques et industriels. Le premier chapitre de la thèse décrit l'évolution des systèmes de planification et de pilotage de la production, avec l'objectif d'identifier les forces et faiblesses des différentes approches proposées jusqu'à nos jours et permettent définir l'objectif général de la thèse. Le chapitre deux analyse l'état de l'art concernant les outils de modélisation des systèmes de production centralisés/distribués et aussi le concept de contrôle par le produit. Ce chapitre sert de base pour définir les objectifs spécifiques de la thèse. Le chapitre trois présente le cadre de modélisation proposé. Ce cadre est basé sur une approche cybernétique, et plus spécifiquement sur le modèle de système viable (VSM). Le chapitre démarre avec une présentation générale du modèle de système viable, puis présente un modèle générique de modélisation de systèmes contrôlés par le produit. Enfin, le chapitre décrit une application de ce cadre général aux systèmes de planification et pilotage de la production de type SCP. Le chapitre quatre définit les différentes méthodes de décision, tant centralisées que distribuées, développées pour l'implémentation du modèle générique définit dans le chapitre trois. Aux niveaux centralisés et distribués ces méthodes sont basées sur des modèles de programmation mathématique développés pour considérer l'adaptabilité et la flexibilité du système. Le chapitre cinq montre les principaux résultats grâce à une application basée sur un cas industriel qui a nécessité le développement d'un outil de simulation qui considère des variables de court, moyen et long termes pour les différents modèles d'optimisation. Ces résultats montrent l'intérêt de ce type d'hybridation.
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Parri, Jacopo. « Verification of Enterprise Software Architectures with stateful managed components ». Doctoral thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1238686.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In the engineering of software applications designed with modular Enterprise Architectures, the management of components and their dependencies is often delegated to an outer participant, named container, which assumes the primary responsibility of taking care of creation, destruction and dependencies resolution of all managed software components, realising the so called Inversion of Control (IoC) principle.
This dissertation contributes to the area of Model-Based Testing, proposing a methodology for verification of Enterprise Software Architectures with stateful components, exploiting Dependency Injection (DI) and automated contexts management.
The research addresses the problem of test case generation for Web Applications, implementing the IoC principle through the adoption of state of the art DI containers and frameworks with contexts management capabilities and with built-in contexts, defined according to client-server paradigm and HTTP fundamentals.
At the core of the methodology a new abstraction, named Managed Components Data Flow Graph (mcDFG) is proposed for supporting the test case generation stage, addressing a fault model which identifies specific types of fault affecting stateful applications.
The mcDFG reinterprets classical Data Flow Graph theory, combining structural information with navigational and behavioural aspects of component-based applications.
A set of coverage criteria, applied over the mcDFG, supports the automated extraction of paths, each one representing a reference description of a single test case, prescribing the sequence of end-user interactions which must be implemented to exercise the System Under Test in an end-to-end testing perspective.
The proposed methodology is also integrated with consolidated practices of software development so as to leverage on common design and documentary artefacts for enabling the automated generation of the mcDFG.
An evaluation of the applicability of the methodology, in support of its convenience, is discussed for a prototype Web Application, implemented with the Java Enterprise Edition ecosystem through the Contexts and Dependency Injection (CDI) specification as the DI container, highlighting capabilities in the generation of an effective test suite for the characterised fault model.
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Necheukhin, A. V., et А. В. Нечеухин. « Разработка онлайн автоматизированной системы для электронного документооборота : магистерская диссертация ». Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10995/28186.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The title of graduation work is the development of an automated online system for electronic document management. Objective: to develop and implement an automated online system of electronic document management, content management systems, development of system architecture mining business processes in the electronic document.
The first part is devoted to the basic concepts and definitions of electronic document; also focus on the basic principles of workflow management.
The second part is devoted to the review the existing analogue electronic document management systems.
The third part is devoted to the practical part - the development of an automated on-line system: a functional description of the system, logical design, physical design, structure and composition of the database and the user interface of electronic document management system.
The fourth part is devoted to the content management system (CMS-system) and to the integration of electronic document management system.
The last part is devoted to the theoretical foundations of data mining (Data Mining) and ways to further integrate electronic document management system.
The graduation work consists of an introduction, 5 chapters and conclusion on 148 pages, including 32 figures and the list of 15 references.Тема выпускной квалификационное работы: разработка онлайн автоматизированной системы для электронного документооборота. Цель работы: разработка и реализация онлайн автоматизированной системы электронного документооборота, системы управления контентом, разработка архитектуры системы интеллектуального анализа бизнес-процессов в электронном документообороте. Первая часть работы посвящена основным понятиям и определениям электронного документооборота; также уделено внимание основным принципам организации документооборота управленческой деятельности. Вторая часть посвящена обзору существующих аналогов систем электронного документооборота. Третья часть посвящена практической части – разработке автоматизированной онлайн-системы: функциональному описанию системы, логическому конструированию, физическому конструированию, структуре и составу базы данных и пользовательскому интерфейсу системы электронного документооборота. Четвёртая часть работы посвящена системе управления контентом (CMS-системе) и интегрированию к системе электронного документооборота. Пятая часть посвящена теоретическим основам интеллектуального анализа данных (Data Mining) и способам дальнейшей интеграции к системе электронного документооборота. Выпускная квалификационная работа состоит из введения, 5 глав и заключения, изложенных на 148 страницах, а также списка литературы и приложений. В работе имеется 32 рисунка. Список литературы содержит 15 наименований.
Livres sur le sujet "AUTOMATED CONTEXTS MANAGEMENT"
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Ng, Kia, Atta Badii et Pierfrancesco Bellini, dir. Axmedis 2006. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Automated Production of Cross Media Content for Multi-channel Distribution. Volume for Workshops, Tutorials, Applications and Industrial (Leeds, UK, 13-15 December 2006). Florence : Firenze University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/88-8453-525-5.
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The AxMEDIS 2006 International Conference seeks to promote discussion and exchange of ideas amongst researchers, practitioners, developers and users of tools, technology transfer experts, and project managers. This conference series brings together a variety of participants from the academic, business and industrial worlds, to address the emergent research and technological issues as well as the engineering and commercial challenges of large-scale collaborative production and distribution of media as experienced by the associated industrial sectors in the emergent media markets. The conference focuses on the outstanding problems to be resolved in the new age of media computing including cross-domain production, protection, representation, formatting, aggregation, workflow, distribution and business and transaction models i.e. all lifecycle aspects of the new media value chain management. Additionally it explores the integration of new forms of content, content management systems and distribution chains, with particular emphasis on cost structures re-engineering to support the reduction of costs and the integration of innovative solutions to facilitate complex creative collaboration in cross-domain media production with benefit realisation to all stakeholders through optimised rights-protective multichannel distribution.
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Khan, Muhammad Afaq. Building service-aware networks. Indianapolis, Ind : Cisco Press, 2010.
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Inc, Cisco Systems, dir. Building service-aware networks : The next-generation WAN/MAN. Indianapolis, Ind : Cisco Press, 2010.
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Building service-aware networks. Indianapolis, Ind : Cisco Press, 2010.
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Khan, Muhammad Afaq. Building service-aware networks : The next-generation WAN/MAN. Indianapolis, IN : Cisco Press, 2010.
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Swade, Doron. The History of Computing : A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198831754.001.0001.
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Abstract This book describes the central events, machines, and people in the history of computing, and traces how innovation has brought us from pebbles used for counting, to the modern age of the computer. It has a strong historiographical theme that offers a new perspective on how to understand the historical narratives we have constructed, and examines the unspoken assumptions that underpin them. It describes inventions, pioneers, milestone systems, and the context of their use. It starts with counting, and traces change through calculating aids, mechanical calculation, and automatic electronic computation, both digital and analogue. It shows how four threads—calculation, automatic computing, information management, and communications—converged to create the ‘information age’. It examines three master narratives in established histories that are used as aids to marshal otherwise unmanageable levels detail. The treatment is rooted in the principal episodes that make up canonical histories of computing.
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Khan, Muhammad Afaq. Building Service-Aware Networks : The Next-Generation WAN/MAN. Pearson Education, Limited, 2009.
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Louchet, Francois. Snow Avalanches. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198866930.001.0001.
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This work is a critical update of the most recent and innovative developments of the avalanche science. It aims at re-founding it on clear scientific bases, from field observations and experiments up to strong mathematical and physical analysis and modeling. It points out snow peculiarities, regarding both static mechanical properties and flow dynamics, that may strongly differ from those of compact solids for the former, and of Newtonian fluids for the latter. It analyzes the general processes involved in avalanche release, in terms of brittle fracture and ductile plasticity, specific friction laws, flow of healable granular materials, percolation concepts, cellular automata, scale invariance, criticality, theory of dynamical systems, bifurcations, etc. As a result, slab triggering (including remote triggering) can be summarized by the “slab avalanche release in 4 steps” concept, based on weak layer local collapse and subsequent propagation driven by slab weight. The frequent abortion of many incipient avalanches is easily explained in terms of snow grain dynamical healing. Sluffs and full-depth avalanches are also analyzed. Such advances pave the way for significant progress in risk evaluation procedures. In the present context of a speeding-up climate warming, possible evolutions of snow cover extent and stability are also tentatively discussed. We show how, in mountainous areas, the present analysis can be extended to other gravitational failures (rock-falls, landslides) that are likely to take over from avalanches in such circumstances. The text is supported by on-line links to field experiments and lectures on triggering mechanisms, risk management, and decision making.
Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "AUTOMATED CONTEXTS MANAGEMENT"
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Kuhn, Andreas, José Carmona et Elvira Thonhofer. « Research Design and Evaluation Strategies for Automated Driving ». Dans Energy-Efficient and Semi-automated Truck Platooning, 41–54. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88682-0_4.
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AbstractAutomated driving, in general, and platooning, in particular, represent a highly active field of research. The idea to automate traffic is closely related to high expectations in both individual and public transport. However, the complexity of automated driving requires methods beyond the traditional development approaches. This chapter describes a state-of-the-art methodology to organise and systematically address a comprehensive set of research questions in the context of truck platooning. Following best practices, an evaluation design is presented, which ensures the alignment of research efforts with the actual research agenda, that is, to answer the right questions. Specifically, the benefits of automated driving and their conflicting relationships are explored and the entities that affect automated driving performance and their interactions are presented. Finally, a solution concept that adequately addresses the complexity and the stochastic nature of the problem is presented. The solution concept consists of several key methods such as scenario-based design and stochastic simulation, data mining and complexity and robustness management.
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Kuhn, Andreas, José Carmona et Elvira Thonhofer. « Research Design and Evaluation Strategies for Automated Driving ». Dans Energy-Efficient and Semi-automated Truck Platooning, 41–54. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88682-0_4.
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AbstractAutomated driving, in general, and platooning, in particular, represent a highly active field of research. The idea to automate traffic is closely related to high expectations in both individual and public transport. However, the complexity of automated driving requires methods beyond the traditional development approaches. This chapter describes a state-of-the-art methodology to organise and systematically address a comprehensive set of research questions in the context of truck platooning. Following best practices, an evaluation design is presented, which ensures the alignment of research efforts with the actual research agenda, that is, to answer the right questions. Specifically, the benefits of automated driving and their conflicting relationships are explored and the entities that affect automated driving performance and their interactions are presented. Finally, a solution concept that adequately addresses the complexity and the stochastic nature of the problem is presented. The solution concept consists of several key methods such as scenario-based design and stochastic simulation, data mining and complexity and robustness management.
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De Virgilio, Roberto. « Automatic Translation in Context-Aware Applications ». Dans Knowledge Science, Engineering and Management, 437–49. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25975-3_39.
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Montenegro-Montori, Pedro I., Jhonatan Camasca-Huamán et Junior Fabian. « Multi-class Vehicle Detection and Automatic License Plate Recognition Based on YOLO in Latin American Context ». Dans Information Management and Big Data, 264–78. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76228-5_19.
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Papadaki, Aikaterini R., Konstantinos Bacharoudis, David Bainbridge, Nick Burbage, Alison Turner, David Sanderson, Atanas A. Popov et Svetan M. Ratchev. « Automating the Generation of MBD-Driven Assembly Work Instruction Documentation for Aircraft Components ». Dans Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 394–403. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18326-3_38.
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AbstractThe classical approach to the creation of assembly work instructions for high value, complex products is time-consuming and prone to error. It requires a process engineer to write the work instructions step-by-step and manually insert specific technical information, using an encompassing document of manufacturing parameters or life cycle management software. The latter offers synchronisation to design changes through updateable parameters, however major design modifications still require significant manual work to modify the text contents and structure of the work instructions. This leaves the work instruction documentation vulnerable to human error, as well as making the process time-consuming to fully synchronise. A methodology was therefore developed to resolve these issues, utilising JavaScript and VBA for Office to create a simple interface for rapid content generation for work instructions including text, MBD extracted parameters, images and formatting. The overall methodology speeds up the creation of assembly work instructions and reduces errors by implementing automatic insertion of parameters from an MBD model. The implementation and effectiveness of the suggested approach is demonstrated on a case study for the assembly of the joined wing configuration of the RACER helicopter, the latest generation of compound helicopters of Airbus Helicopter.
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Vesanen, Teemu, Jari Shemeikka, Kostas Tsatsakis, Brian O’Regan, Andriy Hryshchenko, Eoin O’Leidhin et Dominic O’Sullivan. « Digital Tools for HVAC-Design, Operation and Efficiency Management ». Dans Innovative Tools and Methods Using BIM for an Efficient Renovation in Buildings, 63–73. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04670-4_5.
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AbstractThe project BIM4EEB aims also to develop digital tools to support the design, procurement, installation, post-renovation operation, user feedback and profiling of building automation systems for HVAC. This helps supporting decision making, interaction with tenants and owners during the design, construction, and post-renovation operation phases. The development of the tools will be underpinned by a sound methodological approach. Work will include considerations of interoperability with Smart City technology of automation systems for HVAC. Specific objectives will be related to the development of the following software tools: A software component supporting the automatic generation of the layout for control systems emphasising on user preferences and including constraint checking of BAC-topologies against selected building codes. Data and information stored in BIM models are used to generate the initial recommendations and constraints and to deliver the final installation instructions. A software component allowing the seamless specification and evaluation of user comfort and systems performance. The underpinning information model will merge data sources from BIM (dimensional data) and BAC (factual data). An energy-refurbishment assessment tool, for bridging the gap between commercial simulators and the BIM management system. A user-profiling component allowing to compare expectations of tenants and owners regarding comfort and systems’ performance against monitored parameters. The results of this software component can be used in the pre- and post-renovation phases to update the content of BIM systems and thus to improve their accuracy and to reduce efforts for data acquisition and verification.
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Grefen, Paul, et Oktay Turetken. « Advanced Business Process Management in Networked E-Business Scenarios ». Dans Sustainable Business, 638–75. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9615-8.ch029.
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In the modern economy, we see a shift towards networked business scenarios. In many contemporary situations, the operation of multiple organizations is tightly coupled in collaborative business networks. To allow this tightly coupled collaboration, business process management (BPM) in these collaborative networks is becoming increasingly important. We discuss automated support for this networked BPM: automated means to manage business processes that span multiple autonomous organizations - thereby combining aspects of process management and e-business. We first provide a conceptual background for networked BPM. We describe a number of research approaches in this area, ranging from early developments to contemporary designs in a service-oriented context. This provides an overview of developments in which we observe several major trends. Firstly, we see a development from support for static business processes to support for highly dynamic processes. Secondly, we see how approaches move from addressing simple business collaboration networks to addressing complex networks. Thirdly, we find a move from the use of dedicated information technology to the use of standard technology. Finally, we observe that the BPM research efforts move through time from pushing new BPM technology into application domains to using BPM to realize business-IT alignment in application contexts.
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Torres, Ana Isabel, et Catarina J. M. Delgado. « Assessing Customer Interactions With Chatbots in Online Shopping Experiences ». Dans Advances in Marketing, Customer Relationship Management, and E-Services, 203–23. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-5523-4.ch011.
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Chatbots are website artificial intelligence-based and automated customer support tools to improve the customer experience, to reduce costs, and to improve service quality. This study aims to understand and analyze the user-technology interaction and technology-engagement success measures to assess online customer engagement with chatbots and the impact on repurchase intention, within e-commerce websites. The sample data consists of 227 online consumer responses collected through an electronic survey. Only 165 respondents, which have used a chatbot to assist the online purchase process, are included in the effective sample. This research contributes to the digital marketing literature by complementing existing research exploring human-technology interactions, assessing how consumers interact with chatbot technology and how it affects customer engagement and behavioral outcomes within e-retail contexts. The study findings provide several challenges for managers. Finally, it discusses emerging trends in the digital marketing field, offering insights for future research avenues.
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Goldschmidt, Peter. « Surveillance Communities of Practice ». Dans Strategic and Practical Approaches for Information Security Governance, 170–80. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-0197-0.ch010.
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This discussion focuses primarily on supporting communities of practice tasked with compliance monitoring in complex environments. Here, the decision makers, as members of the surveillance community of practice, may be confronted with rapidly changing information, and the solution or solutions may be required rapidly at a low cost. In these cases, fully automated monitoring or surveillance systems are limited in their utility because of dynamic contexts and temporal and spatial variations. Managing these limitations typically requires human judgement to assess the results of these monitoring systems. Other reasons for requiring human judgement include a need for the surveillance results to be verified and assured with substantiating evidence, and the delegation of control and responsibility when actioning remedial responses to generated alerts and alarms. Surveillance Information Systems performance depends on reducing the decision time for remedial action by verifying alarms and generating actionable indicators, in context. This chapter discusses support and assurance of surveillance monitoring and compliance verification knowledge management of surveillance results. The aim is to support information assurance real time alarm identification and verification, assurance and management decision making by tracking the parameters monitored by the existing information assurance monitoring infrastructure and operating work systems, and using that data/knowledge to create useful and actionable information. The goal is to reduce the (information assurance remedial action) time to decision to enable accurate and rapid operational execution.
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Benahmed, Yacine, Sid-Ahmed Selouani et Habib Hamam. « Natural Human-System Interaction Using Intelligent Conversational Agents ». Dans Open Information Management, 227–43. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-246-6.ch010.
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In the context of the prodigious growth of network-based information services, messaging and edutainment, we introduce new tools that enable information management through the use of efficient multimodal interaction using natural language and speech processing. These tools allow the system to respond to close-to natural language queries by means of pattern matching. A new approach which gives the system the ability to learn new utterances of natural language queries from the user is presented. This automatic learning process is initiated when the system encounters an unknown command. This alleviates the burden of users learning a fixed grammar. Furthermore, this enables the system to better respond to spontaneous queries. This work investigates how an information system can benefit from the use of conversational agents to drastically decrease the cognition load of the user. For this purpose, Automated Service Agents and Artificial Intelligence Markup Language (AIML) are used to provide naturalness to the dialogs between users and machines.
Actes de conférences sur le sujet "AUTOMATED CONTEXTS MANAGEMENT"
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Cayeux, Eric, Rodica Mihai, Liv Carlsen, Morten Ørevik, Kjartan Birgisson et Ronny Bergerud. « A Technical Approach to Safe Mode Management for a Smooth Transition from Automatic to Manual Drilling ». Dans SPE/IADC International Drilling Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204114-ms.
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Abstract Unexpected situations and system failures during well construction operations are always possible. In the context of drilling automation, or even autonomous drilling, proper automatic management of these situations is of critical importance as the situation awareness of the human operator is very much reduced. The proper management of the transition between automatic and manual modes is necessary to improve the safety of automation solutions. An important characteristic of drilling automation solutions is their ability to cope with unexpected situations. This also encompasses, placing the drilling system in a state that is easy and intuitive for the human operator when manual control is required. Our approach to safe mode management is dependent on a good state estimation of the current conditions of the process. If for any reason, manual control must be regained, then the automated function itself triggers the necessary actions that will ensure a stable current state. In case of a drilling problem or a system failure, the human operator may have to regain control when the context might be totally different from the one left when the automation or autonomous function was enabled. It may even be a different human operator that has to take control, if a crew change has taken place. To make the transition from the automated/autonomous context to manual control, the automation/autonomous system sets the drilling machines in a so-called safe transition state. A safe transition state is one for which leaving the current setpoints of drilling machines untouched for a reasonable amount of time, will not immediately jeopardize the safety of the drilling operation. A safe transition state is contextual as it is not necessarily the same sequence of actions that must be performed to reach the safe transition state every time. The novel safe modes management method is integrated into existing drilling automation solutions. In a drilling automation context, the situation awareness of the human operator is considerably reduced as the automated functions control the process and the human operator is not actively driving the drilling machines. Without active safe mode management, there is a risk that drilling automation solutions may lead to serious situations as the driller may be totally unprepared to regain control in the middle of a critical situation. When it is needed to return to manual mode in the middle of the execution of an automatic procedure, an adequate procedure is executed. The choice of the procedure and its parameters depend on the current state of the process and system.
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Geri, Nitza. « Overcoming the Challenge of Cooperating with Competitors : Critical Success Factors of Interorganizational Systems Implementation ». Dans InSITE 2009 : Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3330.
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The growing phenomenon of competitors that use a common interorganizational system (IOS) raises challenging strategic and organizational issues. Sometimes organizations join IOS initiatives although it seems to weaken their competitive position. This paper analyzes, in retrospect, the fully automated Tel-Aviv Continuous Trading system (TACT) implemented by the Tel-Aviv Stock Exchange (TASE) and its members, about a decade after its inauguration. It examines TACT's organizational feasibility and its critical success factors, using the Theory of Constraints (TOC) as a theoretical basis. The paper provides a comprehensive analysis of one system, including the point of view of both the initiator (TASE) and the participants (TASE members). TACT's implementation complexity was further escalated since all users had to convert to it simultaneously. Therefore, intensive cooperation was required, especially between Israel's five largest banks, which had seemingly faced a value paradox of IOS, since TACT was supposed to undermine their competitive position by reducing customer lock-in. This study contributes to the informing science transdiscipline by extending its applicability to interorganizational contexts, and by introducing the Theory of Constraints as an effective analysis tool that can be integrated within the informing science framework. It emphasizes the importance of a neutral managing intermediary, provides guidelines for successful IOS implementation, and suggests that the main critical success factor is information systems management skills.
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Grambow, Gregor, et Roy Oberhauser. « Towards Automated Context-Aware Software Quality Management ». Dans 2010 Fifth International Conference on Software Engineering Advances (ICSEA). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsea.2010.59.
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Hasbullah, Siti Salwa, Diana Maynard, Rita Zaharah Wan Chik, Farahwahida Mohd et Myzan Noor. « Automated Content Analysis ». Dans IMCOM '16 : The 10th International Conference on Ubiquitous Information Management and Communication. New York, NY, USA : ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2857546.2857577.
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Phulre, Ajay Kumar, Shreyas Pagare et Ankit Chakrawati. « Automated Framework for Web Content Security Through Content Management System ». Dans 2022 10th International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering and Technology - Signal and Information Processing (ICETET-SIP-22). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icetet-sip-2254415.2022.9791492.
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Martin, David, Carlos Lamsfus et Aurkene Alzua. « Automatic context data life cycle management framework ». Dans 2010 5th International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Applications (ICPCA). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpca.2010.5704122.
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Priefer, Dennis. « Model-driven development of content management systems based on Joomla ». Dans ASE '14 : ACM/IEEE International Conference on Automated Software Engineering. New York, NY, USA : ACM, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2642937.2653474.
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Samaan, Nancy, et Ahmed Karmouch. « GENp2-3 : Circumscriptive Context Reasoning for Automated Network Management Operations ». Dans IEEE Globecom 2006. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2006.178.
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Lopes, M., C. H. Antunes, A. R. Soares, A. Carreiro, F. Rodrigues, D. Livengood, L. Neves et al. « An automated energy management system in a smart grid context ». Dans 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Sustainable Systems and Technology (ISSST 2012). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/issst.2012.6227983.
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Schneider, Stephan. « Requirements and Approaches for a Content Management Service ». Dans 2008 International Conference on Automated Solutions for Cross Media Content and Multi-Channel Distribution (AXMEDIS). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/axmedis.2008.31.
Texte intégralRapports d'organisations sur le sujet "AUTOMATED CONTEXTS MANAGEMENT"
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Tarasenko, Rostyslav O., Svitlana M. Amelina et Albert A. Azaryan. Features of the use of cloud-based translation systems in the process of forming information competence of translators. [б. в.], septembre 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3256.
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The current trends in the translator training are shown, which reflect the orientation towards the use of cloud-based automated translation systems. The possibilities of studying cloud-based translation systems in the educational process of training the translator are considered. The role of mastering modern translation tools for forming information competence of translators, particularly technological component, was described. The definition of the list and type of basic translation tools that should be mastered in the studying process was discussed. These tools should include automated translation systems and terminological management systems. It is advisable to provide for the study of both desktop and cloud-based systems. The inclusion in the content of the training translators the study of cloud-based systems of automated translation after desktop systems is proposed. A number of advantages of cloud-based translation systems for the use in the process of training the translators is defined and substantiated. A comparative analysis of the functional of cloud-based automated translation systems (Wordfast Anywhere, XTM Cloud, and MemSource) with the aim of including them in the content of the training program for translators has been carried out.
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Treadwell, Jonathan R., James T. Reston, Benjamin Rouse, Joann Fontanarosa, Neha Patel et Nikhil K. Mull. Automated-Entry Patient-Generated Health Data for Chronic Conditions : The Evidence on Health Outcomes. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), mars 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepctb38.
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Background. Automated-entry consumer devices that collect and transmit patient-generated health data (PGHD) are being evaluated as potential tools to aid in the management of chronic diseases. The need exists to evaluate the evidence regarding consumer PGHD technologies, particularly for devices that have not gone through Food and Drug Administration evaluation. Purpose. To summarize the research related to automated-entry consumer health technologies that provide PGHD for the prevention or management of 11 chronic diseases. Methods. The project scope was determined through discussions with Key Informants. We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE (via EMBASE.com), In-Process MEDLINE and PubMed unique content (via PubMed.gov), and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for systematic reviews or controlled trials. We also searched ClinicalTrials.gov for ongoing studies. We assessed risk of bias and extracted data on health outcomes, surrogate outcomes, usability, sustainability, cost-effectiveness outcomes (quantifying the tradeoffs between health effects and cost), process outcomes, and other characteristics related to PGHD technologies. For isolated effects on health outcomes, we classified the results in one of four categories: (1) likely no effect, (2) unclear, (3) possible positive effect, or (4) likely positive effect. When we categorized the data as “unclear” based solely on health outcomes, we then examined and classified surrogate outcomes for that particular clinical condition. Findings. We identified 114 unique studies that met inclusion criteria. The largest number of studies addressed patients with hypertension (51 studies) and obesity (43 studies). Eighty-four trials used a single PGHD device, 23 used 2 PGHD devices, and the other 7 used 3 or more PGHD devices. Pedometers, blood pressure (BP) monitors, and scales were commonly used in the same studies. Overall, we found a “possible positive effect” of PGHD interventions on health outcomes for coronary artery disease, heart failure, and asthma. For obesity, we rated the health outcomes as unclear, and the surrogate outcomes (body mass index/weight) as likely no effect. For hypertension, we rated the health outcomes as unclear, and the surrogate outcomes (systolic BP/diastolic BP) as possible positive effect. For cardiac arrhythmias or conduction abnormalities we rated the health outcomes as unclear and the surrogate outcome (time to arrhythmia detection) as likely positive effect. The findings were “unclear” regarding PGHD interventions for diabetes prevention, sleep apnea, stroke, Parkinson’s disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Most studies did not report harms related to PGHD interventions; the relatively few harms reported were minor and transient, with event rates usually comparable to harms in the control groups. Few studies reported cost-effectiveness analyses, and only for PGHD interventions for hypertension, coronary artery disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; the findings were variable across different chronic conditions and devices. Patient adherence to PGHD interventions was highly variable across studies, but patient acceptance/satisfaction and usability was generally fair to good. However, device engineers independently evaluated consumer wearable and handheld BP monitors and considered the user experience to be poor, while their assessment of smartphone-based electrocardiogram monitors found the user experience to be good. Student volunteers involved in device usability testing of the Weight Watchers Online app found it well-designed and relatively easy to use. Implications. Multiple randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have evaluated some PGHD technologies (e.g., pedometers, scales, BP monitors), particularly for obesity and hypertension, but health outcomes were generally underreported. We found evidence suggesting a possible positive effect of PGHD interventions on health outcomes for four chronic conditions. Lack of reporting of health outcomes and insufficient statistical power to assess these outcomes were the main reasons for “unclear” ratings. The majority of studies on PGHD technologies still focus on non-health-related outcomes. Future RCTs should focus on measurement of health outcomes. Furthermore, future RCTs should be designed to isolate the effect of the PGHD intervention from other components in a multicomponent intervention.
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Delwiche, Michael, Boaz Zion, Robert BonDurant, Judith Rishpon, Ephraim Maltz et Miriam Rosenberg. Biosensors for On-Line Measurement of Reproductive Hormones and Milk Proteins to Improve Dairy Herd Management. United States Department of Agriculture, février 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7573998.bard.
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The original objectives of this research project were to: (1) develop immunoassays, photometric sensors, and electrochemical sensors for real-time measurement of progesterone and estradiol in milk, (2) develop biosensors for measurement of caseins in milk, and (3) integrate and adapt these sensor technologies to create an automated electronic sensing system for operation in dairy parlors during milking. The overall direction of research was not changed, although the work was expanded to include other milk components such as urea and lactose. A second generation biosensor for on-line measurement of bovine progesterone was designed and tested. Anti-progesterone antibody was coated on small disks of nitrocellulose membrane, which were inserted in the reaction chamber prior to testing, and a real-time assay was developed. The biosensor was designed using micropumps and valves under computer control, and assayed fluid volumes on the order of 1 ml. An automated sampler was designed to draw a test volume of milk from the long milk tube using a 4-way pinch valve. The system could execute a measurement cycle in about 10 min. Progesterone could be measured at concentrations low enough to distinguish luteal-phase from follicular-phase cows. The potential of the sensor to detect actual ovulatory events was compared with standard methods of estrus detection, including human observation and an activity monitor. The biosensor correctly identified all ovulatory events during its testperiod, but the variability at low progesterone concentrations triggered some false positives. Direct on-line measurement and intelligent interpretation of reproductive hormone profiles offers the potential for substantial improvement in reproductive management. A simple potentiometric method for measurement of milk protein was developed and tested. The method was based on the fact that proteins bind iodine. When proteins are added to a solution of the redox couple iodine/iodide (I-I2), the concentration of free iodine is changed and, as a consequence, the potential between two electrodes immersed in the solution is changed. The method worked well with analytical casein solutions and accurately measured concentrations of analytical caseins added to fresh milk. When tested with actual milk samples, the correlation between the sensor readings and the reference lab results (of both total proteins and casein content) was inferior to that of analytical casein. A number of different technologies were explored for the analysis of milk urea, and a manometric technique was selected for the final design. In the new sensor, urea in the sample was hydrolyzed to ammonium and carbonate by the enzyme urease, and subsequent shaking of the sample with citric acid in a sealed cell allowed urea to be estimated as a change in partial pressure of carbon dioxide. The pressure change in the cell was measured with a miniature piezoresistive pressure sensor, and effects of background dissolved gases and vapor pressures were corrected for by repeating the measurement of pressure developed in the sample without the addition of urease. Results were accurate in the physiological range of milk, the assay was faster than the typical milking period, and no toxic reagents were required. A sampling device was designed and built to passively draw milk from the long milk tube in the parlor. An electrochemical sensor for lactose was developed starting with a three-cascaded-enzyme sensor, evolving into two enzymes and CO2[Fe (CN)6] as a mediator, and then into a microflow injection system using poly-osmium modified screen-printed electrodes. The sensor was designed to serve multiple milking positions, using a manifold valve, a sampling valve, and two pumps. Disposable screen-printed electrodes with enzymatic membranes were used. The sensor was optimized for electrode coating components, flow rate, pH, and sample size, and the results correlated well (r2= 0.967) with known lactose concentrations.
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Mizrach, Amos, Sydney L. Spahr, Ephraim Maltz, Michael R. Murphy, Zeev Schmilovitch, Jan E. Novakofski, Uri M. Peiper et al. Ultrasonic Body Condition Measurements for Computerized Dairy Management Systems. United States Department of Agriculture, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568109.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The body condition (BC) score is recognized in the dairy industry as an essential tool for managing the energy reserves of the dairy cow, which is essential for sustaining optimal and efficient production over several lactations. The current use of BC scoring depends on the accuracy of subjective visual estimates, and this limits its kusefulness as a management aid in the dairy industry. A measuring tool that would frequently provide objective data on the cow's body reserves would be a major contribution to efficient dairy herd management. Ultrasonic sensors have the potential to be developed into an efficient BC measuring device, and the experimental use of such sensors for subcutaneous fat thickness (SDFT) estimates, as an indication for BC in beef cattle, supports this assumption. The purposes of this project were: 1. To compare visual BC scoring and ultrasonic fat thickness with on-line automated body weight (BW) measurements as monitors of nutritional adequacy of dairy cows at various stages of lactation. 2. To determine the effects of variation in digestive fill in early and late lactation on the accuracy of body weight measurements in lactating cows. 3. To modify an existing ultrasonic system and develop a specialized, low-cost sensor for repeatable determination of body condition scores by users with minimal training and skill. 4. To develop a standard for the assignment of body condition scores based on ultrasonic measurements of subdermal fat thickness. The procedure to execute these objectives involved: 1. Frequent measurement of BW, milk yield (MY), BC (visually scored) and subdermal fat thickness ultrasonically measured of dairy cows, and data analysis on average and individual basis. 2. Testing and selection of an appropriate special-purpose sensor, finding an optimum body location for working an ultrasonic measurement, prcessing the signals obtained, and correlating the resulting measurements with performance responses in lactating cows. Linking the ultrasonic signals to BC scores, and developing a BC scoring data acquisition system are the first steps towards fulfilling the necessary requirements for incorporating this device into an existing dairy herd management system, in order to provide the industry with a powerful managment tool. From the results obtained we could conclude that: 1. BC does not correlate with BW changes during all stages of lactation, although in general terms it does. These results were confirmed by individual cow BW and BC data obtained during the course of lactation, that were supported by individual objective ultrasonic measurement of SDFT. 2. BW changes reflect energy metabolism reliably ony after peak milk yield; early in lactation, a decrease in BW expresses mobilization of body reserves only qualitatively, and not quantitatively. 3. Gastrointestinal content increases throughout the whole period during which dry matter intake (DMI) increases. The drastic increase very early in lactation prevents the use of BW changes as a basis for quantitative estimatio of energy meatabolism; at this stage of lactation, konly a BC score or any other direct measurements willl provide a quantitative estimate of energy metabolism. 4. Ultrasonic measurements of subdermal fat thickness can be used to quantify changes that correlate with the actual condition of the cow, as assessed by performance and the traditional way of scoring. 5. To find the best site on the cow's body at which to obtain responses to BC and its changes in the course of lactation, additional sites have to be examined. From the present study, it seems that the sites between ribs 12 and 13 have the potential for this purpose. 6. The use of templates made it easier to repeat measurements at a desired site and spot. However, the convenient easy-to-handle way to standardize the measurement, described in this study, koffers scope for improvement. 7. The RF peak values of the A-mode are better indicators of the location of fat layer borders than image analysis, from the point of view of future commercial development. 8. The distances between the RF peaks of the A-mode can be automatically measured by suitable software, for future commercial development. 9. Proper analysis of daily body weight and milk yield data can provide the necessary information on body condition changes during lactation, until a direct BC measurement device is developed. 10. In any case, at least one visual BC assessment has to be done, preferably immediately after calving, for calibration purposes.
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Striuk, Andrii M. Software engineering : first 50 years of formation and development. [б. в.], décembre 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/2880.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The article analyzes the main stages of software engineering (SE) development. Based on the analysis of materials from the first SE conferences (1968-1969), it was determined how the software crisis prompted scientists and practitioners to join forces to form an engineering approach to programming. Differences in professional training for SE are identified. The fundamental components of the training of future software engineers are highlighted. The evolution of approaches to the design, implementation, testing and documentation of software is considered. The system scientific, technological approaches and methods for the design and construction of computer programs are highlighted. Analysis of the historical stages of the development of SE showed that despite the universal recognition of the importance of using the mathematical apparatus of logic, automata theory and linguistics when developing software, it was created empirically without its use. The factor that led practitioners to turn to the mathematical foundations of an SE is the increasing complexity of software and the inability of empirical approaches to its development and management to cope with it. The training of software engineers highlighted the problem of the rapid obsolescence of the technological content of education, the solution of which lies in its fundamentalization through the identification of the basic foundations of the industry. It is determined that mastering the basics of computer science is the foundation of vocational training in SE.
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Seginer, Ido, Louis D. Albright et Robert W. Langhans. On-line Fault Detection and Diagnosis for Greenhouse Environmental Control. United States Department of Agriculture, février 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7575271.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Background Early detection and identification of faulty greenhouse operation is essential, if losses are to be minimized by taking immediate corrective actions. Automatic detection and identification would also free the greenhouse manager to tend to his other business. Original objectives The general objective was to develop a method, or methods, for the detection, identification and accommodation of faults in the greenhouse. More specific objectives were as follows: 1. Develop accurate systems models, which will enable the detection of small deviations from normal behavior (of sensors, control, structure and crop). 2. Using these models, develop algorithms for an early detection of deviations from the normal. 3. Develop identifying procedures for the most important faults. 4. Develop accommodation procedures while awaiting a repair. The Technion team focused on the shoot environment and the Cornell University team focused on the root environment. Achievements Models: Accurate models were developed for both shoot and root environment in the greenhouse, utilizing neural networks, sometimes combined with robust physical models (hybrid models). Suitable adaptation methods were also successfully developed. The accuracy was sufficient to allow detection of frequently occurring sensor and equipment faults from common measurements. A large data base, covering a wide range of weather conditions, is required for best results. This data base can be created from in-situ routine measurements. Detection and isolation: A robust detection and isolation (formerly referred to as 'identification') method has been developed, which is capable of separating the effect of faults from model inaccuracies and disturbance effects. Sensor and equipment faults: Good detection capabilities have been demonstrated for sensor and equipment failures in both the shoot and root environment. Water stress detection: An excitation method of the shoot environment has been developed, which successfully detected water stress, as soon as the transpiration rate dropped from its normal level. Due to unavailability of suitable monitoring equipment for the root environment, crop faults could not be detected from measurements in the root zone. Dust: The effect of screen clogging by dust has been quantified. Implications Sensor and equipment fault detection and isolation is at a stage where it could be introduced into well equipped and maintained commercial greenhouses on a trial basis. Detection of crop problems requires further work. Dr. Peleg was primarily responsible for developing and implementing the innovative data analysis tools. The cooperation was particularly enhanced by Dr. Peleg's three summer sabbaticals at the ARS, Northem Plains Agricultural Research Laboratory, in Sidney, Montana. Switching from multi-band to hyperspectral remote sensing technology during the last 2 years of the project was advantageous by expanding the scope of detected plant growth attributes e.g. Yield, Leaf Nitrate, Biomass and Sugar Content of sugar beets. However, it disrupted the continuity of the project which was originally planned on a 2 year crop rotation cycle of sugar beets and multiple crops (com and wheat), as commonly planted in eastern Montana. Consequently, at the end of the second year we submitted a continuation BARD proposal which was turned down for funding. This severely hampered our ability to validate our findings as originally planned in a 4-year crop rotation cycle. Thankfully, BARD consented to our request for a one year extension of the project without additional funding. This enabled us to develop most of the methodology for implementing and running the hyperspectral remote sensing system and develop the new analytical tools for solving the non-repeatability problem and analyzing the huge hyperspectral image cube datasets. However, without validation of these tools over a ful14-year crop rotation cycle this project shall remain essentially unfinished. Should the findings of this report prompt the BARD management to encourage us to resubmit our continuation research proposal, we shall be happy to do so.