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Dueck, Gunter. « AAD – Attention Avoiding Disorder oder die Durchschnittlichkeitssucht ». Informatik-Spektrum 37, no 6 (23 octobre 2014) : 580–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00287-014-0840-2.
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Jiménez-Casas, Ángela, Mario Castro et Manuel Villanueva-Pesqueira. « The Role of Elasticity on Chaotic Dynamics : Insights from Mechanics, Immunology, Ecology, and Rheology ». Mathematics 11, no 14 (13 juillet 2023) : 3099. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11143099.
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Elasticity is commonly associated with regular oscillations, which are prevalent in various systems at different scales. However, chaotic oscillations are rarely connected to elasticity. While overdamped chaotic systems have received significant attention, there has been limited exploration of elasticity-driven systems. In this study, we investigate the influence of elasticity on the dynamics of chaotic systems by examining diverse models derived from mechanics, immunology, ecology, and rheology. Through numerical MATLAB simulations obtained by using an ode15s solver, we observe that elasticity profoundly alters the chaotic dynamics of these systems. As a result, we term the underlying equations as the elastic-Lorenz equations. Specifically, we extensively analyze a viscoelastic fluid confined within a closed-loop thermosyphon, considering general heat flux, to demonstrate the impact of the viscoelastic parameter on the model’s chaotic behavior. Our findings build upon prior research on the asymptotic behavior of this model by incorporating the presence of a viscoelastic fluid. The results highlight the non-trivial and non-monotonic role of elasticity in understanding the control, or lack thereof, of chaotic behavior across different scales.
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Charavet, Carole, Pierre Autuoro, François Orange et Laurence Lupi. « Biofilm et Appareils Orthodontiques Amovibles : enquête auprès des patients et images par Microscopie Électronique à Balayage (MEB) ». Revue d'Orthopédie Dento-Faciale 58, no 3 (septembre 2024) : 347–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/odf/2024032.
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Introduction : la littérature en matière de procédures d’hygiène appliquées aux appareils orthodontiques amovibles est peu abondante alors que le sujet mérite une attention particulière. L’objectif de cette étude était d’investiguer les procédures d’hygiène employées par les patients porteurs de ces appareils et de visualiser par Microscopie Électronique à Balayage (MEB) le biofilm à la surface de ces appareils (en résine et aligneurs) après vie en bouche. Matériels et Méthodes : des images MEB ont été réalisées sur les appareils amovibles en résine et sur les aligneurs. Parallèlement, une étude, de type observationnelle (enquête), a inclus tous les patients porteurs de ces appareils orthodontiques afin d’analyser leurs procédures d’hygiène. Résultats : les images MEB mettaient en lumière un biofilm, observable à différents stades de maturation, tant sur les appareils amovibles en résine que sur les aligneurs. Concernant l’étude, sur les 40 participants, 90 % brossaient mécaniquement leurs appareils, majoritairement à l’aide de dentifrice (63 %), d’eau (25 %) ou de savon (10 %). Un produit de désinfection (pastille effervescente / bain de bouche) était utilisé par 67 % des patients, en complément ou indépendamment du brossage. Cette technique était principalement appliquée par les patients porteurs d’appareils en résine, et qui démontraient un investissement financier plus important (p = 0,05), possiblement dû à la présence d’un vieillissement avec dépôts (30 %) ou d’une odeur désagréable (18 %). Enfin, la majorité́ des parents estimait que leur enfant était autonome pour l’hygiène de leur appareil bien que, pour la plupart, l’enfant n’avait pas la possibilité́ de nettoyer son appareil à l’école. Conclusion : Les procédures d’hygiène employées sont assez hétérogènes, alors qu’un biofilm semble bien établi sur ces dispositifs orthodontiques.
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Ali, Aamir, Mehak Sajid, Hafiz Junaid Anjum, Muhammad Awais, Kottakkaran Sooppy Nisar et C. Ahamed Saleel. « Entropy Generation Analysis of Peristaltic Flow of Nanomaterial in a Rotating Medium through Generalized Complaint Walls of Micro-Channel with Radiation and Heat Flux Effects ». Micromachines 13, no 3 (26 février 2022) : 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13030375.
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This study discusses entropy generation analysis for a peristaltic flow in a rotating medium with generalized complaint walls. The goal of the current analysis is to understand the fluid flow phenomena particular to micro devices. Nano materials with a size less than 100 nm have applications in micro heat exchangers to cool electronic circuits, blood analyzers, biological cell separations, etc. For this study, we considered the effects of radiation, viscous dissipation and heat flux on the flow of nanomaterial inside a cylindrical micro-channel. To investigate the slip effects on the flow, the second order slip condition for axial velocity, the first order slip condition for secondary velocity and the thermal slip conditions were used. The flow was governed by partial differential equations (PDE’s), which were turned into a system of coupled ordinary differential equations (ODE’s) that were highly non-linear and numerically solved using the NDSolve command in Mathematica. The impacts of different involved parameters on the flow field were investigated with the aid of graphical illustrations. Entropy generation and the Bejan number were given special attention, and it was found that they decreased as the Hartman number, rotation, and radiation parameters increased.
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Akhunova, Olga. « Pindar's Pythian 2 : the riddle of the epilogue ». Acta Classica 66, no 1 (2023) : 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/acl.2023.a914052.
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ABSTRACT: The final triad of Pindar's Pythian 2 has been the object of particularly close attention by scholars. In this triad, Pindar suddenly switches both the imagery and the intention of the poetic statement itself: he is no longer praising the addressee but instructing him, rebuking certain slanderers, flatterers and envious men—but it is not straightforward accusation. Pindar deploys fable imagery as a vehicle for the censure (a monkey, foxes, a fawning dog, and a wolf). The role of castigator is not unfamiliar to Pindar, but Pythian 2 is unique: only in this ode does Pindar devote an entire triad to denouncing his opponents. The striking contrast between the final triad and the rest of the ode appears to show that the ode has no unity of structure, so scholars and commentators consider the final triad as a pendant of sorts. My hypothesis is that the ode's final triad is not a pendant at all: Pindar is playing with a striking compositional structure, used as a technique by Archilochus in his iambics, so the final triad is a necessary part of the unified poetic structure.
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Malý, Radek. « Tschechische oder deutsche Märchen ? » Zeitschrift für Slawistik 63, no 2 (1 juin 2018) : 330–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/slaw-2018-0022.
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SummaryThis study focuses on the problem of bilingualism and language conversions. Based on a comparison of three Czech authors of books for children writing in German, it tries to define the specifics of this area, as it differs from literature for adults with topics like emigration and loss of the homeland. The given article compares works by Ludvík Aškenazy, Petr Chudožilov and Iva Procházková. Attention is also given to the translation of their German texts back to Czech again.
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Руднева, Татьяна Ивановна. « ODERN UNIVERSITY LECTURER TYPE : TRADITIONS AND INNOVATIONS ». Вестник Тверского государственного университета. Серия : Педагогика и психология, no 2(51) (6 octobre 2020) : 134–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.26456/vtpsyped/2020.2.134.
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Актуализируется проблема трансформации образовательных процессов в университете, вызванных изменением его миссии и задач, решаемых преподавателями. Обращается внимание на факторы появления нового типа преподавателя (формированию которого должна способствовать подготовка аспирантов), интеллектуального потенциала современного общества, новых педагогических кадров. Инновации предполагают уважительное отношение к прошлому, к истории российского университетского образования, преимущество которого перед другими образовательными учреждениями заключается в научной направленности. Исследование показало, что успешность педагогической деятельности обусловлена взаимосвязью педагогического и научного. В доказательство в статье приводятся результаты исследований особенностей деятельности преподавателя университета, характеристики преподавателя нового типа университета -когнитивного, полученные автором статьи в ходе лонгитюдного исследования, выборку которого представили преподаватели классических университетов (Самара, Москва, Санкт-Петербург). Материалы статьи будут интересны преподавателям вузов, руководству образовательных процессов, аспирантам и исследователям в области профессионального образования. The article updates the problem of educational processes transformation at the university caused by changes in its mission and tasks which are solved by lecturers. Attention is drawn to the emergence factors of a new lecturer type, the formation of which should be facilitated by postgraduate development of competence, the intellectual potential of modern society, new pedagogical personnel. Attention is drawn to the fact that innovation implies a respectful attitude towards the past, to the history of Russian university education, the advantage of which over other educational institutions is scientific. The study proved that success of pedagogical activities is due to the relationship between pedagogical and scientific activities. The evidence in the article contains the results of studies of the peculiarities of the university lecturer’s activity, characteristics of a new university lecturer type - cognitive, obtained by the author of the article during the longitudinal study, selection of which was presented by lecturers of classical universities (Samara, Moscow, St. Petersburg). The article materials will be interesting to university lecturers, educational process direction, postgraduate students and researchers in the field of vocational training.
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Vincenti, Ferdinando, et Gianluca Valenti. « Hydrogen as a direct heat exchange fluid in room temperature hydride systems : Numerical study on the desorption process ». Journal of Physics : Conference Series 2893, no 1 (1 novembre 2024) : 012081. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2893/1/012081.
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Abstract Hydrogen, as an energy carrier, is a promising candidate to foster decarbonization. However, its storage poses significant challenges. Common methods, such as compressed gas and liquid hydrogen, have high energy consumption and safety concerns. Recently, solid hydrogen storage in materials like metal hydrides has gained attention for their ability to store hydrogen safely at low pressures and low temperatures. This study aims to develop a numerical model to simulate the performance of metal hydrides using hydrogen as a direct fluid heat exchanger during desorption. The model, formulated as a system of partial differential equations, is implemented in MATLAB with the ODE15s solver and applied to a disk-type lanthanum nickel reactor to minimize pressure drops. Performance is investigated by varying design parameters, including reactor length and diameter, bed porosity, hydride particle diameter, operating pressure and temperature, and hydrogen mass flow rate at the reactor inlet. Additionally, the energy consumption of auxiliary equipment, such as pumping and thermal power, is evaluated. Results show that the system energy requirement is about 8-9% of the hydrogen lower heating value, with most desorption occurring in less than 300 seconds. The reactor dimensions are crucial for fast desorption and low pressure drops, with pumping power under 1 W given the small thickness and flow rate. Particle diameter and porosity have minor impacts, while pressure, temperature, and flow rate are fundamental. High temperatures, low pressures, and high recirculating flow rates favor the reaction, though a trade-off between performance and energy consumption is necessary since all high temperatures high recirculated mass flow rate allows for high consumption.
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Robinson, Francis. « The Mantle Odes ». American Journal of Islam and Society 28, no 3 (1 juillet 2011) : 138–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v28i3.1240.
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Non-Muslims, perhaps blinded by the claims of their own faiths, have longunderestimated Muslim reverence for the Prophet Muhammad. By thesame token, they have paid relatively little attention to Muslim traditionsof praising the Prophet, whether it be the naths sung by Sufi qawwali musiciansin South Asia, the maulid lectures on the first twelve days of Rabi al-Awwal ‒ or the biographies of the Prophet, which have become so numerousover the past century. This is unfortunate because, intermingled withpraise for the Prophet, there are often other messages, which non-Muslimsneed to note if they are better to understand their Muslim neighbors.The Mantle Odes contains translations, and interpretations in their context,of three of the most highly prized poems in the Arab-Islamic traditionin praise of the Prophet. One poem dates from the time of the Prophet, thesecond from the thirteenth century AC under the Mamluks, and the thirdfrom Egypt under colonial rule in the early twentieth century. The author’saim is “to bring these Islamic devotional masterpieces into the purview ofcontemporary literary interpretation in a way that makes them culturallyrelevant and poetically effective for the modern reader, whether Muslim ornon-Muslim” (xi) ...
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Bracha, Krzysztof. « „Teuflische Verführer“ oder „verdammte Häretiker“ ? » Zeitschrift für Religions- und Geistesgeschichte 74, no 4 (9 septembre 2022) : 336–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700739-07404004.
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Nicholas Magni of Jawor (de Jawor/Jauer, von Heidelberg) (1355–1435), a Silesian professor of theology, preacher, and diplomat, was one of the most interesting figures of the first generation of scholars from the University of Heidelberg. Of all his output, it is the treatise De superstitionibus that has attracted the greatest attention so far, while his less known anti-Hussite writings have long been only a research postulate. The work of Jiří Petrášek is, therefore, a long-awaited analysis of the insufficiently recognized writing by Nicholas Magni: Contra epistolam perfidiae Hussitarum, which is a response to the Taborite Manifesto from 1430. In his work, Petrášek draws new conclusions: regarding Nicolas Magni’s views on indulgences, the author points to the borrowings from Henry of Langenstein, and he does not share the earlier statement of Franz X. Bantle about the originality of the Heidelbergian theologian’s views on indulgences and their essence confined to the notion of “communication”. Thus, we receive a work that verifies the previous findings on the anti-Hussite views of Nicholas Magni, and which thoroughly introduces us into the less known areas of the 15th century Catholic anti-Hussite polemics.
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Mwaniki, Nyaga. « Against many odds : the dilemmas of women's self-help groups in Mbeere, Kenya ». Africa 56, no 2 (avril 1986) : 210–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1160633.
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Opening ParagraphOne of the major, and perhaps the most embarrassing, problems still facing African populations today is hunger. It is described by Lofchie and Commins (1982: 1) as ‘the most immediate, visible, and compelling symptom of a continent-wide agricultural breakdown in tropical Africa,’ thereby making ‘sub-Sahara Africa … the only region in the world where food production per capita has declined during the past two decades.’ This condition has been blamed on many factors, the most frequently mentioned being climate, environmental degradation, outmoded and inefficient traditional agricultural methods, customary land tenure systems which inhibit innovation by individual farmers, lack of incentives to farmers to increase food outputs, bad agricultural policies, high population growth rates and agrarian dualism. A growing body of literature focusing on women's contributions in the development process has revealed another very crucial, but often ignored, reason why hunger is still prevalent in Africa: the disregard of the role of women, who are the main food producers in Africa, in efforts to promote agricultural development (Baumann, 1928; Boserup, 1970; Bryson, 1981; Guyer, 1980; Robertson, 1983). A recent book by Odero-Ogwel (1983), which discusses the food problems in Africa, pays no attention to the fact that a major contributory factor to the food crisis in Africa is the disadvantaged position of women. This exemplifies the failure, even by African intellectuals, to realise the crucial role women can play in increasing food supplies if only certain constraints are removed. Claire Robertson (1983) warns that, unless women are fully included in the development process, the food problem in Africa will deteriorate even further.
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Alfaro, Ricardo, et Jim Schaeferle. « Coefficients of prolongations for symmetries of ODEs ». International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences 2004, no 51 (2004) : 2741–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s016117120430904x.
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Sophus Lie developed a systematic way to solve ODEs. He found that transformations which form a continuous group and leave a differential equation invariant can be used to simplify the equation. Lie's method uses the infinitesimal generator of these point transformations. These are symmetries of the equation mapping solutions into solutions. Lie's methods did not find widespread use in part because the calculations for the infinitesimals were quite lengthy, needing to calculate the prolongations of the infinitesimal generator. Nowadays, prolongations are obtained using Maple or Mathematica, and Lie's theory has come back to the attention of researchers. In general, the computation of the coefficients of the (n)-prolongation is done using recursion formulas. Others have given methods that do not require recursion but use Fréchet derivatives. In this paper, we present a combinatorial approach to explicitly write the coefficients of the prolongations. Besides being novel, this approach was found to be useful by the authors for didactical and combinatorial purposes, as we show in the examples.
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Dyakiv, Khrystyna. « Irren ist menschlich oder Erfolg durch Misserfolg ». Germanica Wratislaviensia 141 (15 février 2017) : 197–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0435-5865.141.13.
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Der Beitrag widmet sich dem Thema der kommunikativen Deviationen in Interviews im Ukrainischen und Deutschen. Dabei werden die Deviationen sowohl in den Presseinterviews als auch in den populärsten Videointerviews auf YouTube untersucht. Die Deviationen werden in die von der Position des Adressanten, des Adressaten sowie des Zuschauers aufgeteilt. Die Aufmerksamkeit wird der Sprach- und der kommunikativen Kompetenz der Kommunikanten als der Hauptursache der Deviationen in den Interviews gelenkt. Die Deviationen werden als eine der Voraussetzungen der erfolgreichen Kommunikation bestimmt.To err is human, or success through failure The article is devoted to the topic of communicative deviations in the interviews in Ukrainian and German languages. Communicative failures are investigated in press releases as well as in the most popular video recordings on YouTube. The deviations are viewed from the position of the speaker, the addressee, and the spectator. Particular attention is paid to the language and the communicative competence of the communicants as the main cause of deviations in the interviews. The deviations are determined as one of the prerequisites for comprehending successful communication.
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Urbanik, Marius. « ”Hetzer Korfanty” oder ”Meister der Reklame” ? » Zaranie Śląskie. Seria druga 8 (2022) : 24–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/zaranieslaskie.8.2.
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The present study examines the image of Wojciech Korfanty as Polish voting commissioner in Upper Silesia in the reporting of four German liberal daily newspapers (Berliner Tageblatt, Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung, Frankfurter Zeitung, Kölnische Zeitung) from the Weimar Republic. Initially trying to accompany him with a certain distance and prejudice and to give him actual recognition for his rhetorical skills and skilful propaganda activities, Korfanty quickly became the preferred object of German attacks and the third uprising, the intensity and vehemence of the appropriate criticism reached an unimagined level. It cannot be overlooked that during this time the press constantly tried to counter Korfanty himself and his actions with disavowing reports. He thus rose to become the protagonist of German agitation in Upper Silesia and remained continuously the centre of attention of German attacks. A look at the German liberal newspapers based on the results obtained shows an extremely one-sided and unreservedly negative image of Wojciech Korfanty as the Polish voting commissioner, who terrorized the (German) population in Upper Silesia with his activities and terrified them. But in the statements he was not only associated with hate speech, murder and agitation. In the course of his activities in the voting area, he was seen with his intentions and demands as the embodiment of the Polish dismemberment efforts, who only wanted to cause suffering and damage to the whole Upper Silesian country.
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Roelevink, Eva-Maria. « Des Unternehmers «volkstümliche» Biographie, oder : wie die Ruhrkohlenindustrie Geschichte machte ». Zeitschrift für Unternehmensgeschichte 63, no 1 (5 mars 2018) : 33–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zug-2017-2205.
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Abstract:A popular biography or: how the Ruhrcoal industry created history. The general assumption in our profession is that history it analyzed and written by qualified historians. Companies, industrialists and associations, however, are and were active in especially writing business history as well. It is evident that they commissioned commemorative publications for different reasons than historians wrote business history. By aiming to apply their business history frequently for political reasons of the present time, it turned out to be useful for them to hide the fact that the publications were commissioned working projects. By exemplifying the biography of Emil Kirdorf, written and published in 1936 by Walter Bacmeister, the article draws attention to the ambitions that motivated the industrialists to merchandise Emil Kirdorf's life during the 1930s.
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Bilut-Homplewicz, Zofia, et Anna Hanus. « Simpel oder anspruchsvoll ? Konkrete Poesie und Elfchen im DaF-Unterricht ». Dydaktyka Polonistyczna 17, no 8 (2022) : 129–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/dyd.pol.17.2022.13.
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In this paper, we intend to draw attention to the linguistic, cultural and historical aspects of two types of poems popular in German, the so-called Konkrete Poesie and Elfchen, their different forms, as well as their application to teaching a foreign language (here German). Konkrete Poesie (i.e. concrete or visual poetry) has its own literary tradition, and although it was not originally designed for foreign language teaching, it proves effective in this respect. It requires learners to interpret apparently simple texts creatively, which is always linked to the reflection on the interplay between the poem’s visual layout and its overall message. Elfchen, otherwise Elf-Worte-Gedicht (i.e. eleven-word poem), is a type of poetry derived from early childhood education. Applied in German-speaking countries since the late 1980s, it has been successfully transferred to foreign language teaching. Its main purpose is to encourage creative writing and interpretation of short lyrical pieces. The examples discussed show that these distinct lyrical forms can enrich foreign language teaching at different levels of proficiency.
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Wittler, Kathrin. « In griechischem oder orientalischem Geist ? Moses Mendelssohn im Religionsdiskurs der Aufklärungszeit ». Aschkenas 32, no 1 (27 avril 2022) : 69–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/asch-2022-0005.
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Abstract While Moses Mendelssohn’s reputation as a modern Socrates is well-known to scholars of eighteenth-century intellectual history, the opposite tendency to orientalise him has received less attention than it deserves. The paper discusses some examples, highlighting the interdependence of Greek and Oriental attributions. In their critical reactions to Mendelssohn’s Phädon (1767), a modern version of Socrates’ dialogues on the immortality of the soul, radical Pietist Johann Daniel Müller and Lutheran orthodox theologian Gottfried Joachim Wichmann sought to invalidate the Jewish Enlightener’s case for reason by orientalising him. At the end of the century, the religious tensions inherent in the uses of Greek and Oriental models for different Jewish and Christian denominational positions became visible in Johann Gottfried Schadow’s drawing Sokrates im Kerker (1800), a work commissioned by David Friedländer, whose Sendschreiben von einigen Hausvätern jüdischer Religion (1799) had just caused a stir with its bold statements in the spirit of Deism.
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Wittler, Kathrin. « In griechischem oder orientalischem Geist ? Moses Mendelssohn im Religionsdiskurs der Aufklärungszeit ». Aschkenas 32, no 1 (27 avril 2022) : 69–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/asch-2022-0005.
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Abstract While Moses Mendelssohn’s reputation as a modern Socrates is well-known to scholars of eighteenth-century intellectual history, the opposite tendency to orientalise him has received less attention than it deserves. The paper discusses some examples, highlighting the interdependence of Greek and Oriental attributions. In their critical reactions to Mendelssohn’s Phädon (1767), a modern version of Socrates’ dialogues on the immortality of the soul, radical Pietist Johann Daniel Müller and Lutheran orthodox theologian Gottfried Joachim Wichmann sought to invalidate the Jewish Enlightener’s case for reason by orientalising him. At the end of the century, the religious tensions inherent in the uses of Greek and Oriental models for different Jewish and Christian denominational positions became visible in Johann Gottfried Schadow’s drawing Sokrates im Kerker (1800), a work commissioned by David Friedländer, whose Sendschreiben von einigen Hausvätern jüdischer Religion (1799) had just caused a stir with its bold statements in the spirit of Deism.
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Hwang, Shu-Perng. « Volkswille : Reale Substanz oder notwendige Fiktion ? » Der Staat : Volume 59, Issue 3 59, no 3 (1 juillet 2020) : 371–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/staa.59.3.371.
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Angesichts des markanten Aufstiegs des Rechtspopulismus in den vergangenen Jahren drängt sich die Frage immer wieder auf, ob oder inwiefern das Parlament den eigentlichen Volkswillen (noch) vertreten kann, und wie im Zeitalter der Globalisierung und Digitalisierung der eigentliche Volkswille überhaupt festzustellen und effektiv durchzusetzen ist. In dieser Hinsicht steht das Vertrauen in die Fähigkeit des Parlaments, den wahren Volkswillen herauszubilden und zu artikulieren, erneut vor großen Herausforderungen. Durch eine vergleichende Analyse zwischen den Demokratietheorien Böckenfördes und Kelsens zeigt der vorliegende Beitrag, weshalb und inwiefern das weitverbreitete Verständnis des Volkswillens und dessen Rolle in der parlamentarischen Demokratie gerade vor dem heutigen Hintergrund eine kritische Besinnung verdient. Es wird argumentiert, dass gerade in demokratischer Hinsicht nicht die Suche nach dem „wahren Volkswillen“, sondern nach wie vor die Gewährleistung der Menschen- bzw. Grundrechte der Einzelnen und insbesondere der Minderheiten von zentraler Bedeutung sein soll. In view of the spread of right-wing populism in recent years, the question as to how the will of the people is to be ascertained and expressed has attracted much attention in constitutional scholarship. In particular, the issue of whether or to what extent the parliament is (still) capable of representing and demonstrating the will of the people has been repeatedly discussed and debated. Through a comparative analysis of Böckenförde’s und Kelsen’s democratic theories, this article critically examines the problems of the widespread understanding of the will of the people as a real-empirical existence and its significance for the realization of democracy. Accordingly, it points out why and in what sense the reference to the so-called real will of the people would undermine rather than promote democracy. This article concludes by arguing that, precisely for the sake of democracy, what is crucial is not to determine what the “real will of the people” is, but rather to guarantee the freedom of the individual and especially of the minorities.
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A. O., Kadurina. « Symbols of the Alexander Column in the Taras Shevchenko Park in Odess ». Collected Works of Uman National University of Horticulture 1, no 98 (25 juin 2021) : 230–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31395/2415-8240-2021-98-1-230-239.
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Purpose. The article is devoted to the analysis of the Alexander Column symbolism in the Taras Shevchenko Park in Odessa. Methodology. Field study and bibliographic research, synthesis and analysis, historical method, and method of analogies are used in that work. Results. Achievements and a number of reforms carried out by Emperor Alexander II and his role in the history of the Russian Empire are analyzed. The historical facts, contributing to the creation of the Alexander Park and the Alexander Column, dedicated to the memory of the emperor, on the 10th anniversary of his tragic death, are investigated. The architectural and artistic decoration of the monument has been analyzed in detail and it symbolic meaning has been deciphered. The functional purpose of this object is to preserve the memory and high social status of the personality of Alexander II in history, his place in the royal dynasty. These are personal symbols, such as a medallion with the profile of the sovereign and commemorative inscriptions on marble plaques. These are different types of status symbols: secular (crown, sword, scepter), indicating a high imperial status and continuity of power, and religious (Vladimir Monomakh's hat) – a symbol of God's anointing to power. The symbols of the apotheosis, the transition to the kingdom of heaven, are double-headed eagles with wreaths. The coat of arms of Odessa, surrounded by laurel and oak branches, is a symbol of memory and gratitude of the inhabitants of Odessa. The Alexander Column depicts elements of royal power from different historical periods, with an indication of the continuity and divinity of the imperial power. Scientific novelty. For the first time a study of the symbolism of the Alexander Column in Odessa was carried out in a detailed level. All symbols are correlated in time and reflect the philosophy of the era and the continuity of generations and royal power in the history of the state. Practical significance. The Alexander Column is located today on the main visual axis, the main alley of the Taras Shevchenko Park. Being on a hill, it also acts as a pronounced dominant, attracting the attention of visitors to the park. In addition to the aesthetic and compositional significance, it bears historical and memorial value
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Schwenk, Hans-Jörg. « Imperfektiv oder Perfektiv ? Die Krux mit dem slavischen Verbalaspekt aus deutscher Sicht (am Beispiel des Polnischen) ». Glottodidactica. An International Journal of Applied Linguistics 34 (5 novembre 2018) : 117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/gl.2008.34.12.
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The present paper deals with the category of aspect as it occurs in Slavic Languages in general and in Polisch in particular and the way it is treated by the authors of textbooks of Polish designed to serve the needs of non-native speakers whose mother tongue lacks the morphological distinction of perfective and imperfective verbs. Special attention is paid to teaching problems which arise from both the nature and the theory of aspect. It could be shown that teaching and learning strategies which aim at enhancing problem-solving skills in the field of aspect cannot be developed at all levels and independently of theoretical issues. The latter, however, as it seems, have to undergo a critical revision thus giving birth to valuable and reliable didactic concepts leading to more efficiency and more satisfying results.
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Hwang, Shu-Perng. « Verfassungsgebende Gewalt : Notwendiger Geltungsgrund der Verfassung oder irreführendes Dogma ? » Kritische Vierteljahresschrift für Gesetzgebung und Rechtswissenschaft 103, no 3 (2020) : 289–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/2193-7869-2020-3-289.
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Although it is generally accepted that the validity of a democratic Constitution is based on the so-called constituent power of the people, the nature of this power in relation to the Constitution itself remains controversial. While some scholars repeatedly assert that the constituent power is unconstrained and therefore can be exercised arbitrarily, others contend that, in view of its irresolvable connection with the Constitution, the constituent power is by no means unlimited. Moreover, the debate on the relationship between the constituent power and the Constitution has attracted special attention in view of the trend of European integration. It is thus no surprise that, in its famous Lisbon decision, the German Constitutional Court also dealt with the question as to whether the constituent power of the German People is entitled to abandon the sovereign statehood of the Federal Republic of Germany through replacing the German Basic Law with a new Constitution. Nevertheless, whether the Court deemed the constituent power to be completely unconstrained is far from clear. On this account, this article offers a critical analysis of the reasoning of the Lisbon decision with regard to the nature and limits of the constituent power in light of the European integration. In particular, it argues that the Court’s opinion was based on the presupposition that the constituent power serves as an unchallengeable dogma. Such a presupposition is problematic precisely because it simply identifies the constituent power with the demonstration of the will of the people and thereby insists that both the justification and the interpretation of the Constitution are subject to the alleged will of the people, which though can never be verified as true. Ultimately, this article suggests that the widespread will-oriented understanding of the constituent power is to be replaced by the recognition that the validity of the Constitution is based on the legal fiction of a basic norm.
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Scheiwiller, Thomas. « Heteronormativität als Verhinderung ? Oder warum die ›Die Ehe für alle‹ in Österreich (noch) eine Frage des Gewissens ist ». Evangelische Theologie 79, no 6 (1 décembre 2019) : 407–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.14315/evth-2019-790604.
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Abstract The acceptance of alternative lifestyles concerning diverse family models and sexual orientation remains a challenging issue for churches. In 2019 marriage was legally equated with a civil union in Austria - the legal form can now be chosen independently of sexual orientation. As a result, the Evangelical Lutheran Church felt compelled to re-evaluate marriage as its preferred legal form in a synodal meeting. The synodal document shows that a compromise was sought between the socio-politically conservative and the liberal wing of the church. The aim of this essay is to draw attention to the tensions, inconsistencies and attempts of harmonization evident in terms such as ›creation‹, ›conscience‹ or ›blessing‹ which have been left open to interpretation, while the term ›marriage ceremony‹ (Trauung) has been omitted altogether in order to avoid conflict.
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Gaweł, Agnieszka. « Helden oder Staatsverräter ? Zur sprachlichen Konstruktion vom Bild der ukrainischen Maidan-Aktivisten im deutschen, polnischen und russischen Mediendiskurs – eine kognitive Studie ». Linguistik Online 103, no 3 (15 octobre 2020) : 87–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.13092/lo.103.7204.
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Cognitive linguistics pays particular attention to the interrelations between language, subjective conceptualisations and intersubjective manifestations of knowledge, providing descriptive tools for the analysis of how the choice of linguistic means is determined by individual, as well as by culture-specific conceptual patterns. In this paper we analyse the linguistic construal of Ukrainian Maidan activists in six German, Polish and Russian daily newspapers. The analysis focuses on culture-specific differences between the linguistic strategies used in the Western and Middle European media discourse in the EU member states, as well as the Eastern European discourse in Russia. The research is based on two theoretical frameworks: cognitive ethnolinguistics and cognitive grammar.
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Terler, Kerstin. « Vergangenheitsbewältigung à l’autrichienne am Beispiel österreichischer Kinder- und Jugendliteratur oder : von der Randnotiz ins Blickfeld des Interesses ». Austriaca 81, no 1 (2015) : 49–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/austr.2015.1195.
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The Austrian process of coming to terms with its Nazi past as portrayed in children’s and youth literature : the marginal coming to the fore The following article aims to provide an analysis of the Austrian way of coming to terms with its own National Socialist past. It focuses on how this past is represented in Austrian children’s and youth literature which can be interpreted as a reflection of social and socio-political reconciliation processes and expectations over time. Since 1945 these reconciliation processes were affected by internal and external influences impacting the country as well as its children’s and youth literature. At the national and international levels, the positions on the issue range from marginalizing it to expressing interest in it. In 1964, Käthe Recheis’ Schattennetz gained wide attention – both positive and negative – given that it was the first significant Austrian novel in children’s and youth literature to tackle the National Socialist era as a topic. The novel as well as the public reactions that followed, show the painful process of Austria accepting responsibility for its involvement in National Socialism, which circulated between “opening”, “ blocking” and “rejection”.
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Wallas, Tadeusz. « Academic Cooperation Between Poland and Germany – Example of Collegium Polonicum as a Joint Institution of Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań and European University Viadrina in Frankfurt (Oder) ». Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne, no 1 (15 mars 2023) : 183–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/ssp.2023.1.10.
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In the EU, advanced international cooperation is a characteristic feature of relations between neighbouring states. The idea behind cross-border cooperation spreads into various fields, including daily life, common programmes, priorities, and strategies. The primary motives behind it include the will to communicate with your neighbours, overcome hostility and prejudice between the two co-existing nations, enhance democracy and develop local administration structures, overcome isolation and remoteness, and quickly merge with the integrated Europe. The article discusses cross-border cooperation between universities in Poland and Germany, with particular attention paid to cooperation taking place between neighbouring cities of Słubice, Poland, and Frankfurt (Oder), Germany. However, before the cross-border cooperation is addressed, the article elaborates on a broader context.
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Ibragimow, Aleksandra, Eerika Albrecht et Moritz Albrecht. « The Transboundary Water Management – Comparing Policy Translations of the Water Framework Directive in the International Basin Districts of the Oder River and the Torne River ». Quaestiones Geographicae 38, no 1 (29 mars 2019) : 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/quageo-2019-0006.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract The European Union’s Water Framework Directive introduced a new approach to the system of water management in Europe by nominating the river basin district as the basic unit in water management. While its transboundary character aims to better manage natural resources, its design and implementation carries several challenges due to its weak integration of various bordering effects related to administrative boundaries that strongly affect the directives’ implementation. Based on a comparative document based case study of two river basin districts – the International Oder River Basin District (IORBD) and the International Torne River Basin District (ITRBD) – the paper scrutinizes the effects on the implementation processes of the directive and aims to draw attention to identify the differences that derive from various socio-spatial settings during the first cycles of water management plans from 2009 to 2015. By thematically comparing biophysical characteristics, cross-border cooperation, cultural and administrative bordering processes the study displays a mismatch between the directives aims for transboundary governance and the actual governance processes which are hampered by a variety of conflicting bordering processes.
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Kowalski, Wojciech W. A., Mariola Wróbel et Sylwia Jurzyk-Nordlöw. « The locality of Trapa natans L. within the region of Międzyodrze – dangers and protection perspective (the Lower Oder Valley, West Pomerania) ». Biodiversity Research and Conservation 49, no 1 (1 mars 2018) : 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/biorc-2018-0004.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract Research on a critically endangered and protected population of Trapa natans was carried out during growing season in 2016 at the site located on the Obnica channel within the region of Międzyodrze. It is a location that is close to the one indicated in historical sources by Winkelmann over 120 years ago. The post-war research did not confirm presence of this species within the region of Międzyodrze despite favourable biological conditions. The sites were declared relict and documented only in stratigraphy of peat deposits, detritus gyttja and bottom mineral sediments. Recently, an assessment of the population and habitat status were carried out. The appropriate indicators of the species status were examined according to the methodology of Chief Inspectorate of Environmental Protection. The floristic composition of Trapetum natantis association patches found within the researched site were analysed, reed bed associations belonging to the class of Phragmitetea and plant communities of pleustophytes, nymphaeids and elodeids belonging to the class Potametea and Lemnetea were recognised in the contact zone. On the basis of the collected data, particular attention was paid to the relevance of Trapa natans monitoring at the site located on the Obnica channel within the Międzyodrze region due to its indicative character. The conservation status of the population could be influenced by the change of water trophy within Międzyodrze channels caused by different forms of anthropopressure, including commercial use of this water body, hydromeliorative works, changes that are due to the progressive succession of water plants and reeds, which slow down the water flow rate within the area of Międzyodrze, favour accumulation of organic matter and increase of water trophy as well as fluctuations of surface water thermal activity caused by changing weather conditions.
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Daukšienė, Ona. « Sigismundus Laetus – Žygimantas Liauksminas ? On Some Mysterious Addressees of Sarbievius’s Odes ». Senoji Lietuvos literatūra 44 (20 décembre 2017) : 53–72. https://doi.org/10.51554/sll.2017.28835.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The paper raises the issues of identification of so far unknown or little known addressees of poetry by Mathias Casimirus Sarbievius (Maciej Kazimierz Sarbiewski, 1595–1640), or of revision of information about them. Neither Lithuanian nor Polish scholars have achieved much in this field during the past decades: since Krystyna Stawecka’s paper on the addressees of Sarbievius’ poetry (1975), the data has not been updated with some exceptions, including specifications made by Józef Warszawski SJ (1984) and information on Wojciech Turski (Albertus Turscius), the addressee of Ode IV. 32, in a recent paper by Wojciech Ryczek (2016).Therefore in the present study attention was focused on two groups of addressees of Sarbievius’s lyrical poetry. The first group consisted of his friends or fellow-students, mostly Jesuits, the information about whom is scarce, while the second group included individuals referred to in pseudonyms that have not been identified yet and who, in the opinion of earlier scholars, could be fictitious. In the effort to find out whether the supposedly real friends of the poet did not hide behind these pseudonyms, the yet-unidentified addressee of Ode IV. 11 named by the pseudonym of Sigismundus Laetus, was identified. It was Žygimantas Liauksminas SJ (Sigismundus, Zygmunt Lauxmin SJ, 1587/98–1670), the author of well-known works on rhetoric and music theory and a future vicerector of Vilnius University. According to some sources, his risible nature had earned him the nickname ‘Tėvas Linksmas’ (‘Father Joyful’, in the Latin laetus). He was several years younger than Sarbievius and, correspondingly, entered the novitiate in Vilnius later, but it was at Vilnius Academy that during certain stages of their studies their paths crossed. This happened between 1620 and 1622, when Liauksminas was studying philosophy and Sarbievius was a student of theology; also, between 1627 and 1629, when the former continued and then successfully completed his studies of philosophy, and the latter was teaching rhetoric and philosophy. The characteristic of Liauksminas in the reference of his tertianship (1629–1630, written by Laurentius Bartilius SJ in 1630) found in Liber provincialis, about how he could not often suppress laughter, matches the nickname ‘Father Joyful’ mentioned in other sources. Associations with Sarbievius’ Ode IV. 11 can be discerned in this reference. The author recommends the addressee to maintain silence (silentium commendat); from the position of an older companion (socius), he offers well-meant advice on despising vain glory, avoiding fame and the favour of the crowd. (The above-mentioned characteristic mentions Liauksminas’ certain ‘not completely suppressed’ habits and points out that he is open to a warning and adequately receptive to criticism addressed to him.) Up until now, Sigismundus Laetus, the addressee of Ode IV. 11, has been referred to as a fictitious or anonymous individual both by Polish and Lithuanian scholars. The approximate date of the composition of this ode was presumed to be between 1628 and 1631, which almost coincides with the documented dates of communication of the two famous Jesuits of the Lithuanian province. In this paper, however, it is proposed that the later date should be moved to 1630 or even to 1629.In addition, the paper provides additional information on Wojciech Turski, the addressee of Ode IV. 32. Very likely he met Sarbievius at Polotsk College in 1626–1627 when they both taught there: Turskis was in charge of the grammar class and Sarbievius taught rhetoric. There is no doubt that from 1628 they communicated in Vilnius: from 1628 to 1631, Sarbievius must have been Turski’s professor in philosophy, and from 1632 to 1635 he taught theology. According to Liber provincialis, on 2 June 1631 Turski took an examination in metaphysics and received the highest grades in his course, and Sarbievius was one of the examiners. The paper raises a hypothesis that the themes of the ode dedicated to Turski (dreams, poetry, and flight) were not incidental, and that the ode might have been written in 1631.A conclusion is drawn that Sarbievius’ poetical works dedicated to the abovementioned and other identified or implied fellow Jesuits comprise a common thematic field that encompasses the elements of Jesuit spirituality, poetical representations of the significance of vows, treasured friendship of the socii, or companions, the motifs of the importance of well-meant advice for spiritual advancement, and the like. This conclusion opens possibilities to expand the existing interpretations of Sarbievius’ verses, because it is this particular type of his work that is often and rather one-sidedly treated as merely adaptations of Horatian patterns or, for instance, as presentation of stoicism ideas.
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Korovin, Vladimir L. « “Three Paraphrastic Odes of Psalm 143” : Religion and Politics in the Poetry Contest of Trediakovsky, Lomonosov and Sumarokov in 1743 ». Izvestiia Rossiiskoi akademii nauk. Seriia literatury i iazyka 81, no 3 (2022) : 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s160578800020757-8.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The article clarifies the circumstances of the creation of the first translations of the psalms by V.K. Trediakovsky, M.V. Lomonosov and A.P. Sumarokov, printed in the brochure “Three Paraphrastic Odes of Psalm 143” (St. Petersburg, 1744; published at the end of 1743). As it is known, they were written in connection with their theoretical discussion about Russian versification (on the semantics of the iambic and trochee) and were brought to the public as the results of a poetic contest. In this article attention is focused not on questions of style and metrics, but on the content of these poems and for the first time an explanation is given why three poets had chosen psalm 143 (in the Hebrew numbering 144) for their first transcriptions. It belongs to the “royal” psalms, it is inscribed “Psalm of David about Goliath”, and in the final verses it has two opposite reading options: in the Greek version it is about the temporary well–being of sinners (foreign people), in the Hebrew - about the eternal bliss of the righteous (their own people). The Slavic translation was made from Greek, and the German translation by M. Luther was made from Hebrew. All three poets made interpretations according to the Slavic translation version, showing their loyalty to Orthodox Christianity, and at the same time expressing the hope that the power of the Lutheran Germans in the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences will soon be put to an end. The allegorical religious and political meaning of the translations of Psalm 143 was revealed in comparison with the German translation and was supposed to sting the enemies of Lomonosov and Trediakovsky at the Academy of Sciences. Three odes were written in August 1743, shortly after the conclusion of the Abo Peace with Sweden (which secured another victory of the Orthodox Russians over the Lutheran Swedes, David over Goliath) and the release of Lomonosov from arrest (where he had been since the end of May due to a conflict with German professors). Аpparently, he was the first who suggested choosing psalm 143 for the poetic contest (later he will make its another interpretation according to the Hebrew version). The publication of the “Three Odes” was part of a set of events for the second anniversary of Elizabeth Petrovna’s accession to the throne, so it was supervised by the Prosecutor General of the Senate, Prince N.Y. Trubetskoy.
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« Palestine Unbound ». Journal of Palestine Studies 47, no 1 (2017) : 126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jps.2017.47.1.126.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Palestine Unbound strives to capture the tenor and content of popular conversations related to the Palestinians and the Arab-Israeli conflict that have gone viral or represent a significant cultural moment or trend. In this issue, #HonorRasmea marks the end of Chicago community organizer, feminist, and torture survivor Rasmea Odeh's four-year legal battle to defend herself from immigration charges; activists pursue a Boycott, Divestment & Sanctions campaign against the film Wonder Woman; Twitter users sharply criticize Israel's Minister of Culture and Sport Miri Regev for wearing a gown plagiarized from a Palestinian designer; and a social media campaign draws attention to the ongoing, ten-year Gaza blockade.
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Pavlou, Maria. « Localizing Pindar’s Pythian 10 ». Mnemosyne, 28 février 2022, 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568525x-bja10107.
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Abstract This paper seeks to contribute to the discussion of the political ramifications of Pythian 10 by drawing attention to two less studied features of the ode’s mythical narrative: the glossing over of King Polydectes within Perseus’ story, and the attribution of the rare appellation λαγέτας to Perseus. Additionally, it is argued that, as well as targeting a Thessalian audience, the ode sends a powerful political message to the other cities of the Delphic Amphictyony, in which Thessaly held a prominent place at the time.
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Kadhim, Rawaa Jawad. « The impact of female misuse of power on their families in two selected plays by Clifford Odets and Edward Albee ». Research Journal in Advanced Humanities 4, no 4 (16 octobre 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.58256/tmrgm073.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The following study investigates the impact of powerful women in the two American plays Awake and Sing! by Clifford Odets and The American Dream by Edward Albee .The study directs our attention towards the significant role of powerful female characters in the deterioration of familial structures and the dissolution of interpersonal connections during the 20th Century. They were portrayed as authoritative and commanding individuals. They asserted their entitlement to express anger, wit, and ruthlessness. Their dominion was evident in their capacity to dictate the lives of others, regardless of the ramifications it had on those directly entangled with them. The study posits that Foucault's analysis of power presents a unique interpretation that has the capacity to provide valuable insights into the essence of power in the two plays. It commences by offering an explication of the American family, and subsequently concludes by delineating certain resemblances between the chosen plays, drawing upon Foucault's conceptualization of power.
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Voß, Heinz-Jürgen. « Homo-Ehe oder Solidaritätsvertrag ? » PROKLA. Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft 43, no 173 (1 décembre 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.32387/prokla.v43i173.252.
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With the opening of marriage for same-sex couples, respectively the institution of ‘gay marriage’ as a special law, attracting all media attention, the alternative family models debated in the 1990’s have disappeared from view – even though these debates were intense, and it was not at all clear that ‘gay marriage’ would gain acceptance. As even in recent scientific literature the alternative family models are hardly considered, they will be brought into focus here. The following article centers on the model of a ‘family of choice’ and the French PACS as alternatives to same-sex marriage.
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Fay, Temple, Stephan Joubert et Andrew Mkolesia. « On Solving Systems of ODEs Numerically ». Volume 3, Issue 4 3, no 4 (17 mars 2005). http://dx.doi.org/10.33697/ajur.2005.003.
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Many beginning courses on ordinary differential equations have a computer laboratory component in which the students are asked to solve initial value problems numerically. But little attention in texts is given to the question of how accurate such solutions are. In this article we offer a simple procedure that not only can provide a measure of accuracy, but also often produces superior numerical results.
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Vijatha, M., et P. Bala Anki Reddy. « Entropy generation on MHD Maxwell hybrid nanofluid over a Stretching cylinder with Cattaneo-Christov heat flux : Analytical and numerical simulations ». Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C : Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, 8 novembre 2022, 095440622211284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09544062221128449.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In the present study, we examine the influence of entropy generation on Maxwell hybrid nanofluid over a cylinder in the presence of non-linear thermal radiation and Cattaneo-Christov heat flux. In this model, we considered [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are the nanoparticles which are suspended in the base fluid blood. The basic PDE’s (Partial differential equations) are transformed into ODE’s (Ordinary differential equations) by ensuring the suitable self-similarity transformations. ODEs are resolved using a Runge–Kutta 4th-order along with shooting procedure. Numerical method ( NM) and Homotopy perturbation method ( HPM) solutions for the nonlinear system are obtained so that they compared to each other for the case of cylinder. The HPM is developed for comparison purposes, and more accurate and reliable outcomes are illustrated through graphs. Moreover, the obtained results are compared with the existing literature and are found to be an excellent agreement. It is found that the fluid velocity reduces for the higher values of magnetic parameter. Higher values of the heat generation parameter improve the temperature profiles. Nusselt number decreases when developing Darcy–Forchheimer number and temperature time relaxation parameter. This type of flow problems may be utilized to improve the blood flow in the blood vessel has attracted the attention of physicians and biomedical researchers as it specializes in various treatments such as drug targeting, cell tissue engineering, cancer, hyperthermia and hypothermia.
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Jaitner, Felix. « Ressourcen-Extraktivismus oder Re-Industrialisierung ? » PROKLA. Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft 45, no 181 (1 décembre 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.32387/prokla.v45i181.198.
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Against the backdrop of the recent conflicts in the Ukraine and Syria the article examines Russia’s geopolitical strategy in the context of a “new world order”. Starting with the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the beginning of capitalist reforms in the early 1990s the focus lies on the negotiation process of a new hegemonic consensus among the Russian elites represented by Vladimir Putin. Special attention is drawn to the role of the state and its key role stabilizing both social and power relations. Furthermore, the article analyses the expansionist strategies of Russian capital and its geopolitical interests, especially in the post-soviet space. The current financial and economic crisis has lead to conflicts among the elites on the resource-extractive mode of development and its one-sided dependency on natural resources. Therefore, the article highlights both the plans on import substitution and new integration process in the postsoviet space (Eurasian Union) asking whether these developments might contribute to a reconfiguration of Russia’s geopolitical role.
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Skowron, Michael. « Posthuman oder Übermensch. War Nietzsche ein Transhumanist ? » Nietzsche-Studien 42, no 1 (1 janvier 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/niet.2013.42.1.256.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractRecent discussions (especially in the Internet) about the question whether Nietzsche was a Transhumanist or at least a forerunner of the Transhumanist movement have drawn new attention to Nietzsche’s concept of the Overhuman and the relation to the Posthuman. The article is taking a critical stance by turning suggested analogies between education and genetic manipulation of humans into an argument against the latter, by relating self-education to self-overcoming and eternal recurrence of the same (which is excluded by Transhumanists), and by reminding of Nietzsche’s distinction between ‘Overhuman’ and ‘last human’ as two different ways to the future. Linguistic analysis of the epitheta used in speaking of the different ‘types’ in question as well as structural analogies between critical considerations in Michael Sandel and Jürgen Habermas on the one hand, Nietzsche on the other are also evidence that Nietzsche would not have endorsed the technological path to perfection of the human but would emphasize his own way of self-overcoming instead.
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Gélard, Marie-Luce. « Sens ». Anthropen, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.anthropen.061.
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L’anthropologie sensorielle, autrement nommée anthropologie des sens, anthropologie du sensible ou anthropologie des sensations est un domaine de recherche récent (Gélard: 2016). Car, si l’étude des sens figure déjà dans les ethnographies les plus classiques, elle apparaît rarement comme un objet d’étude en soi. L’histoire de la discipline illustre des thématiques afférentes telle l’anthropologie du corps, des émotions ou des sentiments ainsi que la philosophie des odeurs. Mais l’anthropologie sensorielle, celle des usages et des langages des sens reste le parent pauvre des études. Or, depuis quelques années, les sens font leur apparition dans des recherches en sciences humaines mais de manière encore secondaire ou marginale, les sens sont toujours associés à un autre thème (l’art, les techniques audiovisuelles, etc.). Ce sont surtout les historiens qui ont développé ces orientations de recherches nouvelles sur les expressions et manifestations sensorielles. L’anthropologie historique des sens s’est déployée depuis les écrits fondateurs de Lucien Febvre (1941 et 1942) avec plus tard l’histoire des sensibilités (Corbin, 1990) et la restitution des univers sensoriels sonores et odorants (Corbin 1982). Des univers qui comptent parmi les grands principes de mise en ordre du monde comme le rappelle l’historien Christophe Granger (2014). Notons la création en 2016 de la très belle revue Sensibilités. Histoire, critique et sciences sociales. Outre-Atlantique les études anthropologiques se sont développées autour des sens, dès le début des années 1990 (Classen: 1993, 1994 et Howes: 1991). Les recherches s’y institutionnalisent avec le groupe Sensory Studies(Condordia University), la revue The Senses and Society et le Sensory Ethnography Lab (Havard University). Notons à propos de ce dernier, les liens entre sens et arts, notamment visuels qui y sont très développés au détriment d'études plus orientées vers une anthropologie sociale des sens et de leurs usages. En 1990, la revue canadienne, Anthropologie et Sociétés y consacre un numéro pionnier (Howes, ed. 1990) intitulé « Les 'cinq sens' ». Ailleurs, en France notamment, les études sur les sens sont davantage dispersées et se limitent souvent au domaine du biologique et des sciences naturelles. Les sciences cognitives et les neurosciences s’en emparent mais elles cantonnent l’analyse au réalisme cognitif occidental et à ses a priori sur la perception sensorielle. L’écologie de la perception se déploie ensuite avec les travaux de T. Ingold (2000). Mais le brouillage disciplinaire est fort et l’anthropologie sensorielle basée sur des études de terrain et des ethnographies détaillées reste fragmentée - à quelques exceptions près : David Le Breton (2006a) et François Laplantine (2005) - par exemple. Les études sensorielles menées par des anthropologues vont s’attacher à l’analyse d’un seul sens, par exemple l’odorat (depuis les travaux de Detienne, 1972) et ceux de la philosophie des odeurs, le goût (Dupire, 1987), le sonore (Feld, 1982) et plus rarement le toucher (revue Terrain). Or, la « poly-sensorialité » (Corbin, 1995), « l’esprit multisensoriel » (Howes, 2010)), « l’intersensorialité » (Candau, 2010) ou la « conjugaison des sens » (Le Breton, 2006b) permettent une autre voie d’accès à la compréhension des systèmes sensoriels, le primat d’un sens sur un autre ou l’association entre sens et valeurs individuelles et sociales diffèrent selon les cultures. C’est cette diversité qu’il convient de mettre à jour. Ainsi, la mobilisation des sens apparaît comme une forme de communication non verbale, corporelle et sensorielle. Accéder à la compréhension des ces manifestations sensorielles suppose une connaissance approfondie et intime des sociétés. L’ethnographie illustre cette nécessaire et indispensable connaissance, en voici un exemple. Dans la société saharienne de Merzouga (Sud-Est marocain), la présence d’homme et de femme dans un espace donné détermine des comportements d’évitements qui sont sous-tendus par la capacité de chacun à émettre des signes, plus ou moins directs, de sa propre présence. Hommes et femmes communiquent souvent sans avoir recours au langage oral jugé mal adapté aux règles de la pudeur. Ainsi, les rencontres donnent lieu à des manifestations sensorielles discrètes (odorantes et sonores). Ces messages non verbaux permettent de comprendre des univers trop souvent observés de l’extérieur, donnant lieu à des analyses réductrices qui ignorent ces attentions mutuelles. Ainsi la manifestation sonore de soi, à l’intérieur des maisons est un élément quotidien important. Les femmes portent un voile de tête agrémenté de pastilles d’aluminium - qui produisent un tintement lorsque le corps est en mouvement - ces pastilles peuvent êtres rendues plus ou moins sonores selon les circonstances. Ces sons sont identifiés par tous comme des manifestations sonores féminines. Il est ainsi possible de révéler sa présence, d’une pièce à l’autre par exemple évitant ainsi une confrontation physique qui mettrait chacun mal à l’aise. La discrétion et le calme sont des qualités personnelles reconnues et indispensables, il est inconvenant d’élever la voix - crier est compris comme la perte du contrôle de soi - il faut dans les circonstances hasardeuses d’une rencontre, surtout à l’intérieur des habitations, avoir l’élégance de « faire du bruit sans en faire ». À l’opposé un homme qui pénètre dans une maison s’arrange pour faire du bruit, secouer brutalement ses clés, frapper avec vigueur sur la porte d’entrée en fer, ou même crier pour interpeller les occupants. Ces entrées bruyantes des hommes sont attendues comme des signaux de présence et d’identification. Dans d’autres cas, ce sont les activités plus ou moins sonores qui vont informer de la présence de femmes dans les cours intérieures. Un bon exemple est l’une des tâches quotidiennes qui consiste à briser un à un les noyaux des dattes destinés aux animaux au moyen d’un broyeur de pierre qui produit un son sourd spécifique, reconnaissable par tous, son qui informe de la présence d’une ou de plusieurs femmes à l’intérieur de l’habitation. Cette tâche répétitive et ennuyeuse étant le plus souvent réalisée collectivement. Tout homme est ainsi informé de la présence de femmes assemblées en collectif ; il peut remettre sa visite à plus tard, et continuer son chemin. Ces manifestations sensorielles par le biais de micro-activités présentent une ethnographie des sens où les sons (d’autres sens également) informent sur les univers culturels. Ainsi, l’étude des sens et des univers sensoriels sont des outils majeures d’appréciation des sociétés et des cultures. Penser les sens et se dégager de nos propres préjugés sensoriels reste une démarche délicate et complexe, indispensable à la connaissance et à l’appréhension de l’autre. Il convient naturellement de s’intéresser aux pratiques des individus et non de projeter des modèles sensoriels exogènes. La culture occidentale évoque l’existence de « cinq » sens et éventuellement d’un sixième (celui du cœur moral et spirituel) mais ceci n’est nullement partagé par toutes les sociétés. Les hiérarchies sensorielles renseignent aussi sur la manière dont les individus perçoivent le monde environnant. C’est ce décryptage des sens, du senti et du ressenti qui apporte des clés d’analyses. Au final, les sens ne sont plus seulement un objet de recherche mais une démarche épistémologique principale où le sensible se convertit en intelligibilité du monde. Le champ d’étude et de comparaison qui s’ouvre à l’anthropologie sensorielle est de ce fait considérable. Cette notice se limite à l’évocation d’un courant de recherche nouveau, aussi les références citées ne prétendent nullement faire un tour d’horizon exhaustif de l’anthropologie sensorielle mais donne au lecteur quelques orientations majeures.
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« Alzheimer. Ein "geborener Verbrecher". —Archiv f. Psych. Bd. XXVIII, H. 2. II. Kurella. Fetischismus oder Simulation ? Jd. Heft. 3 ». Neurology Bulletin V, no 1 (22 octobre 2020) : 175–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/nb46657.
Texte intégralRésumé :
These two articles deserve great attention, as a sign of the times: even in such a magazine as Archiv f. Psychiatrie, the question of a congenital criminal is already being discussed; A work has been published here, proving that many criminals are completely incomprehensible either to psychiatry or to criminal law. These two articles, one must think, are only the beginning of a whole series of works, which will radically change the scope and principles of psychiatric examination.
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Familua, Adefunke Bosede, Ezekiel Olaoluwa Omole et Luke Azeta Ukpebor. « A Higher-order Block Method for Numerical Approximation of Third-order Boundary Value Problems in ODEs ». Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences, 25 août 2022, 706. http://dx.doi.org/10.46481/jnsps.2022.706.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In recent times, numerical approximation of 3rd-order boundary value problems (BVPs) has attracted great attention due to its wide applications in solving problems arising from sciences and engineering. Hence, A higher-order block method is constructed for the direct solution of 3rd-order linear and non-linear BVPs. The approach of interpolation and collocation is adopted in the derivation. Power series approximate solution is interpolated at the points required to suitably handle both linear and non-linear third-order BVPs while the collocation was done at all the multiderivative points. The three sets of discrete schemes together with their first, and second derivatives formed the required higher-order block method (HBM) which is applied to standard third-order BVPs. The HBM is self-starting since it doesn’t need any separate predictor or starting values. The investigation of the convergence analysis of the HBM is completely examined and discussed. The improving tactics are fully considered and discussed which resulted in better performance of the HBM. Three numerical examples were presented to show the performance and the strength of the HBM over other numerical methods. The comparison of the HBM errors and other existing work in the literature was also shown in curves.
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Vandermeeren, Sonja. « Dänisch oder Deutsch ? Die Ergebnisse einer Fragebogenaktion unter norddeutschen und dänischen Manager_innen zum Sprachgebrauch und -bedarf ihrer Unternehmen ». Linguistik Online 79, no 5 (7 novembre 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.13092/lo.79.3347.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The present article first defines the terms language choice, the need for foreign language competence and the need for knowledge about foreign cultures. Then, attention is focused on empirical material, which is discussed against the background of these terms. In order to gather the data dealt with in this article, German and Danish (hotel) managers were presented a questionnaire. Taking the case of German companies/hotels which are in regular contact with Danes, the questionnaire investigates their need for Danish and whether knowledge about Danish culture is required of employees. The German managers were also asked about the frequency of German, Danish and English language use by their employees and about their own language behavior when communicating with speakers of Danish. Also data on Danish language knowledge and knowledge about Danish culture are collected. The present article compares the results of the survey in Germany with the results which were obtained in Denmark: Which need for German and for knowledge of German culture do Danish managers perceive?/How do they rate their own proficiency in German and that of their employees?/How often do they choose German, English and Danish in communication with Germans?
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Müller, Frank Max. « Einspruch oder Worin besteht die Möglichkeit des Politischen auf dem Theater ? Zum Verhältnis von Politik und Theater in der Performance Fight Night von Ontroerend Goed und The Border Project ». itw : im dialog 2 (17 janvier 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.16905/itwid.2016.10.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Die Performance Fight Night, eine Kooperation zwischen der belgischen Gruppe Ontroerend Goed und dem australischen Ensemble The Border Project, versteht sich laut Ankündigungstext als "playful and immersive political exploration [...] thoroughly political, but never explicitly so. [...] By stripping their discourse of identifiable political messages, the show draws attention to the very reasons and motivations that compel voters to vote." (AUAWIRLEBEN 2015) Eine fingierte Spielshow, gegeneinander wetteifernde Kandidat_innen und ein per Knopfdruck abstimmendes Publikum geben dem Vorhaben den inhaltlichen Rahmen. Es entfaltet sich eine Spielhandlung, deren vermeintlich einziges Ziel es ist, dem einen Sieger oder der einen Siegerin die Stimmen der Publikumsmehrheit zu sichern. Wo der traditionelle theatrale Pakt, um den reibungslosen Ablauf einer Aufführung als ästhetisches Ereignis zu garantieren, die Trennung in agierende Schauspieler_innen und rezipierende Zuschauer_innen vorsieht, beginnt dieser Abend mit einem programmatischen Statement, das dem Publikum Partizipation verspricht.